Electrophoresis polyacrylamide gel. Medical search

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

An electrochemical process in which macromolecules or colloidal particles with a net electric charge migrate in a solution under the influence of an electric current.

Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.

A highly-sensitive (in the picomolar range, which is 10,000-fold more sensitive than conventional electrophoresis) and efficient technique that allows separation of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and CARBOHYDRATES. (Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Electrophoresis in which discontinuities in both the voltage and pH gradients are introduced by using buffers of different composition and pH in the different parts of the gel column. The term 'disc' was originally used as an abbreviation for 'discontinuous' referring to the buffers employed, and does not have anything to do with the shape of the separated zones.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

Electrophoresis in which a pH gradient is established in a gel medium and proteins migrate until they reach the site (or focus) at which the pH is equal to their isoelectric point.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The pH in solutions of proteins and related compounds at which the dipolar ions are at a maximum.

An anionic surfactant, usually a mixture of sodium alkyl sulfates, mainly the lauryl; lowers surface tension of aqueous solutions; used as fat emulsifier, wetting agent, detergent in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes; also as research tool in protein biochemistry.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

A highly miniaturized version of ELECTROPHORESIS performed in a microfluidic device.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

A type of ion exchange chromatography using diethylaminoethyl cellulose (DEAE-CELLULOSE) as a positively charged resin. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Electrophoresis applied to BLOOD PROTEINS.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Electrophoresis in which a starch gel (a mixture of amylose and amylopectin) is used as the diffusion medium.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities. At equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

Electrophoresis in which cellulose acetate is the diffusion medium.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

A serine endopeptidase that is formed from TRYPSINOGEN in the pancreas. It is converted into its active form by ENTEROPEPTIDASE in the small intestine. It catalyzes hydrolysis of the carboxyl group of either arginine or lysine. EC 3.4.21.4.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The measurement of the density of a material by measuring the amount of light or radiation passing through (or absorbed by) the material.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.

Field of chemistry that pertains to immunological phenomena and the study of chemical reactions related to antigen stimulation of tissues. It includes physicochemical interactions between antigens and antibodies.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Immunoelectrophoresis in which a second electrophoretic transport is performed on the initially separated antigen fragments into an antibody-containing medium in a direction perpendicular to the first electrophoresis.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

Electrophoresis in which various denaturant gradients are used to induce nucleic acids to melt at various stages resulting in separation of molecules based on small sequence differences including SNPs. The denaturants used include heat, formamide, and urea.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

Centrifugation with a centrifuge that develops centrifugal fields of more than 100,000 times gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Techniques to partition various components of the cell into SUBCELLULAR FRACTIONS.

A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

A group of compounds with the general formula M10(PO4)6(OH)2, where M is barium, strontium, or calcium. The compounds are the principal mineral in phosphorite deposits, biological tissue, human bones, and teeth. They are also used as an anticaking agent and polymer catalysts. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Techniques for removal by adsorption and subsequent elution of a specific antibody or antigen using an immunosorbent containing the homologous antigen or antibody.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.

Hydrolases that specifically cleave the peptide bonds found in PROTEINS and PEPTIDES. Examples of sub-subclasses for this group include EXOPEPTIDASES and ENDOPEPTIDASES.

The production of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS by the constituents of a living organism. The biosynthesis of proteins on RIBOSOMES following an RNA template is termed translation (TRANSLATION, GENETIC). There are other, non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NUCLEIC ACID-INDEPENDENT) mechanisms carried out by PEPTIDE SYNTHASES and PEPTIDYLTRANSFERASES. Further modifications of peptide chains yield functional peptide and protein molecules.

Compounds that contain the triphenylmethane aniline structure found in rosaniline. Many of them have a characteristic magenta color and are used as COLORING AGENTS.

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under conditions in which the components, such as PROTEINS, being separated can remain in their naturally folded state.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

Disruption of the secondary structure of nucleic acids by heat, extreme pH or chemical treatment. Double strand DNA is "melted" by dissociation of the non-covalent hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Denatured DNA appears to be a single-stranded flexible structure. The effects of denaturation on RNA are similar though less pronounced and largely reversible.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Sulfuric acid diammonium salt. It is used in CHEMICAL FRACTIONATION of proteins.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.

Purifying or cleansing agents, usually salts of long-chain aliphatic bases or acids, that exert cleansing (oil-dissolving) and antimicrobial effects through a surface action that depends on possessing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

Techniques used to demonstrate or measure an immune response, and to identify or measure antigens using antibodies.

Analogs of those substrates or compounds which bind naturally at the active sites of proteins, enzymes, antibodies, steroids, or physiological receptors. These analogs form a stable covalent bond at the binding site, thereby acting as inhibitors of the proteins or steroids.

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

A genus of REOVIRIDAE, causing acute gastroenteritis in BIRDS and MAMMALS, including humans. Transmission is horizontal and by environmental contamination. Seven species (Rotaviruses A thru G) are recognized.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Proteins conjugated with nucleic acids.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.

Unstable isotopes of phosphorus that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. P atoms with atomic weights 28-34 except 31 are radioactive phosphorus isotopes.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Unstable isotopes of sulfur that decay or disintegrate spontaneously emitting radiation. S 29-31, 35, 37, and 38 are radioactive sulfur isotopes.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

Electrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

A nitrocellulose solution in ether and alcohol. Collodion has a wide range of uses in industry including applications in the manufacture of photographic film, in fibers, in lacquers, and in engraving and lithography. In medicine it is used as a drug solvent and a wound sealant.

A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.

A proteolytic enzyme obtained from Streptomyces griseus.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

The use of silver, usually silver nitrate, as a reagent for producing contrast or coloration in tissue specimens.

A sulfur-containing essential L-amino acid that is important in many body functions.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Immature ERYTHROCYTES. In humans, these are ERYTHROID CELLS that have just undergone extrusion of their CELL NUCLEUS. They still contain some organelles that gradually decrease in number as the cells mature. RIBOSOMES are last to disappear. Certain staining techniques cause components of the ribosomes to precipitate into characteristic "reticulum" (not the same as the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM), hence the name reticulocytes.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

A method of gel filtration chromatography using agarose, the non-ionic component of agar, for the separation of compounds with molecular weights up to several million.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Red blood cells. Mature erythrocytes are non-nucleated, biconcave disks containing HEMOGLOBIN whose function is to transport OXYGEN.

The photography of images produced on a fluorescent screen by X-rays.

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A subclass of PEPTIDE HYDROLASES that catalyze the internal cleavage of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS.

A group of adenine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each adenine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

A chelating agent that sequesters a variety of polyvalent cations such as CALCIUM. It is used in pharmaceutical manufacturing and as a food additive.

The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.

Proteins that share the common characteristic of binding to carbohydrates. Some ANTIBODIES and carbohydrate-metabolizing proteins (ENZYMES) also bind to carbohydrates, however they are not considered lectins. PLANT LECTINS are carbohydrate-binding proteins that have been primarily identified by their hemagglutinating activity (HEMAGGLUTININS). However, a variety of lectins occur in animal species where they serve diverse array of functions through specific carbohydrate recognition.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Positively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms with a valence of plus 2, which travel to the cathode or negative pole during electrolysis.

Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.

A metallic element that has the atomic symbol Mg, atomic number 12, and atomic weight 24.31. It is important for the activity of many enzymes, especially those involved in OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize biosynthesis or actions of proteases (ENDOPEPTIDASES).

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria widely distributed in nature. Some species are pathogenic for humans, animals, and plants.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

A serine endopeptidase secreted by the pancreas as its zymogen, CHYMOTRYPSINOGEN and carried in the pancreatic juice to the duodenum where it is activated by TRYPSIN. It selectively cleaves aromatic amino acids on the carboxyl side.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

The complex formed by the binding of antigen and antibody molecules. The deposition of large antigen-antibody complexes leading to tissue damage causes IMMUNE COMPLEX DISEASES.

The mineral component of bones and teeth; it has been used therapeutically as a prosthetic aid and in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-2,3, alpha-2,6-, and alpha-2,8-glycosidic linkages (at a decreasing rate, respectively) of terminal sialic residues in oligosaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, colominic acid, and synthetic substrate. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

The methyl imidoester of suberic acid used to produce cross links in proteins. Each end of the imidoester will react with an amino group in the protein molecule to form an amidine.

Esters of the hypothetical imidic acids. They react with amines or amino acids to form amidines and are therefore used to modify protein structures and as cross-linking agents.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

An essential branched-chain amino acid important for hemoglobin formation.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

A strong oxidizing agent.

A group of related enzymes responsible for the endohydrolysis of the di-N-acetylchitobiosyl unit in high-mannose-content glycopeptides and GLYCOPROTEINS.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Contractile tissue that produces movement in animals.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Classic quantitative assay for detection of antigen-antibody reactions using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand) either directly or indirectly to measure the binding of the unlabeled substance to a specific antibody or other receptor system. Non-immunogenic substances (e.g., haptens) can be measured if coupled to larger carrier proteins (e.g., bovine gamma-globulin or human serum albumin) capable of inducing antibody formation.

Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.

A multiribosomal structure representing a linear array of RIBOSOMES held together by messenger RNA; (RNA, MESSENGER); They represent the active complexes in cellular protein synthesis and are able to incorporate amino acids into polypeptides both in vivo and in vitro. (From Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Enzymes which catalyze the hydrolases of ester bonds within DNA. EC 3.1.-.

Enzyme systems containing a single subunit and requiring only magnesium for endonucleolytic activity. The corresponding modification methylases are separate enzymes. The systems recognize specific short DNA sequences and cleave either within, or at a short specific distance from, the recognition sequence to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. Enzymes from different microorganisms with the same specificity are called isoschizomers. EC 3.1.21.4.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.

A compound formed in the liver from ammonia produced by the deamination of amino acids. It is the principal end product of protein catabolism and constitutes about one half of the total urinary solids.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

A family of unenveloped RNA viruses with cubic symmetry. The twelve genera include ORTHOREOVIRUS; ORBIVIRUS; COLTIVIRUS; ROTAVIRUS; Aquareovirus, Cypovirus, Phytoreovirus, Fijivirus, Seadornavirus, Idnoreovirus, Mycoreovirus, and Oryzavirus.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

Chemical agents that react with SH groups. This is a chemically diverse group that is used for a variety of purposes. Among these are enzyme inhibition, enzyme reactivation or protection, and labelling.

Intracellular fluid from the cytoplasm after removal of ORGANELLES and other insoluble cytoplasmic components.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Infection with any of the rotaviruses. Specific infections include human infantile diarrhea, neonatal calf diarrhea, and epidemic diarrhea of infant mice.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

The semi-permeable outer structure of a red blood cell. It is known as a red cell 'ghost' after HEMOLYSIS.

The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (1/40341)

1. VLD (very-low-density), LD (low-density) and HD (high-density) lipoproteins were isolated from the serum of trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson). 2. Each lipoprotein class resembled that of the human in immunological reactivity, electrophoretic behaviour and appearance in the electron microscope. Trout LD lipoprotein, however, was of greater density than human LD lipoprotein. 3. The trout lipoproteins have lipid compositions which are similar to those of the corresponding human components, except for their high contents of long-chain unsaturated fatty acids. 4. HD and LD lipoproteins were immunologically non-identical, whereas LD lipoproteins possessed antigenic determinants in common with VLD lipoproteins. 5. VLD and HD lipoproteins each contained at least seven different apoproteins, whereas LD liprotein was composed largely of a single apoprotein which resembled human apolipoprotein B. 6. At least one, and possibly three, apoprotein of trout HD lipoprotein showed features which resemble human apoprotein A-1.7. The broad similarity between the trout and human lipoprotein systems suggests that both arose from common ancestral genes early in evolutionary history. (+info)

Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (2/40341)

1. Trypsin digestion of human serum transferrin partially saturated with iron(III)-nitrilotriacetate at pH 5.5 or pH 8.5 produces a carbohydrate-containing iron-binding fragment of mol.wt. 43000. 2. When iron(III) citrate, FeCl3, iron (III) ascorabate and (NH4)2SO4,FeSO4 are used as iron donors to saturate the protein partially, at pH8.5, proteolytic digestion yields a fragment of mol.wt. 36000 that lacks carbohydrate. 3. The two fragments differ in their antigenic structures, amino acid compositions and peptide 'maps'. 4. The fragment with mol.wt. 36000 was assigned to the N-terminal region of the protein and the other to the C-terminal region. 5. The distribution of iron in human serum transferrin partially saturated with various iron donors was examined by electrophoresis in urea/polyacrylamide gels and the two possible monoferric forms were unequivocally identified. 6. The site designated A on human serum transferrin [Harris (1977) Biochemistry 16, 560--564] was assigned to the C-terminal region of the protein and the B site to the N-terminal region. 7. The distribution of iron on transferrin in human plasma was determined. (+info)

A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (3/40341)

A sodium deoxycholate extract containing glucosyltransferase activity was obtained from a particulate preparation from Euglena gracilis. It transferred glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into material that was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. This material released beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan oligosaccharides into solution on incubation with weak acid, weak alkali and beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucosidase. The products of the incubation of the deoxycholate extract with UDP-[14C]glucose were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Radioactive bands were obtained that had the properties of beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan covalently linked to protein by a bond labile to weak acid. High-molecular-weight material containing a beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan was also shown to be present by gel filtration. The bond linking glucan to aglycone is possibly a pyrophosphate linkage. It is proposed that in Euglena gracilis beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan (paramylon) is synthesized on a protein primer. (+info)

Lack of genic similarity between two sibling species of drosophila as revealed by varied techniques. (4/40341)

Acrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase in sixty isochromosomal lines of Drosophila persimilis from three geographic populations. Sequential electrophoretic analysis using varied gel concentrations and buffers revealed twenty-three alleles in this species where only five had been described previously. These new electrophoretic techniques also detected a profound increase in divergence of gene frequencies at this locus between D. persimilis and its sibling species D. pseudoobscura. The implications of these results for questions of speciation and the maintenance of genetic variability are discussed. (+info)

Genetic heterogeneity within electrophoretic "alleles" of xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila pseudoobscura. (5/40341)

An experimental plan for an exhaustive determination of genic variation at structural gene loci is presented. In the initial steps of this program, 146 isochromosomal lines from 12 geographic populations of D. pseudoobscura were examined for allelic variation of xanthine dehydrogenase by the serial use of 4 different electrophoretic conditions and a head stability test. The 5 criteria revealed a total of 37 allelic classes out of the 146 genomes examined where only 6 had been previously revealed by the usual method of gel electrophoresis. This immense increase in genic variation also showed previously unsuspected population differences between the main part of the species distribution and the isolated population of Bogota population. The average heterozygosity at the Xdh locus is at least 72% in natural populations. This result, together with the very large number of alleles segregating and the pattern of allelic frequencies, has implications for theories of genetic polymorphism which are discussed. (+info)

Isolation and complete covalent structure of liver microsomal paraoxonase. (6/40341)

Paraoxonase (PON1) is a serum esterase exclusively associated with high-density lipoproteins; it might confer protection against coronary artery disease by destroying pro-inflammatory oxidized lipids in oxidized low-density lipoproteins. Here I show that rabbit liver microsomes contain a PON analogue (MsPON) and report the isolation and complete covalent structure of MsPON. In detergent-solubilized microsomes, MsPON co-purifies with the microsomal triacylglycerol transfer protein (MTP) complex. MsPON was separated from the complex and purified to homogeneity under non-denaturing conditions. Automated sequence analysis of intact MsPON and peptides obtained from enzymic and chemical cleavages led to the elucidation of the complete covalent structure of MsPON. The protein is a single polypeptide consisting of 350 residues. The sequence of rabbit liver microsomal MsPON is 60% identical with that of rabbit serum PON1, and 84% identical with the sequence predicted by a human cDNA of unknown function, designated PON3. MsPON has a hydrophobic segment at the N-terminus that might serve to anchor the protein to the microsomal membrane or to the MTP complex. Unlike in the serum enzyme, two potential N-glycan acceptor sites in MsPON are not glycosylated. An absence of N-glycans was also indicated in the rabbit liver MTP. MsPON has a single free cysteine residue at position 38 and a disulphide bond between Cys-279 and Cys-348. The microsomal enzyme lacks three residues at the N-terminus that are present in the serum protein. MsPON lacks four residues at the C-terminus that are present in the rabbit serum protein but absent from human serum PON1. On the basis of the observation that MsPON displays a high degree of similarity with serum PON1, it is proposed that MsPON might have a function related to that of PON1 in serum high-density lipoprotein complexes. (+info)

Characterization and partial purification of a novel neutrophil membrane-associated kinase capable of phosphorylating the respiratory burst component p47phox. (7/40341)

The phosphorylation of p47phox is widely viewed as an important step in the activation of the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase system. The exact nature of the kinase(s) responsible remains to be elucidated. We show here that such a kinase was detected on neutrophil membranes activated by either PMA or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. This enzyme is not intrinsic to the neutrophil membrane and could be eluted with 0.5 M NaCl. The kinase activity was partially purified and was found not to be due to the presence of previously suggested kinases, including protein kinase C isotypes, mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B. Gel filtration and renaturation in substrate gels suggest a molecular mass of between 45 and 51 kDa. The kinase activity was independent of calcium and lipids but was potently inhibited by staurosporine. Treatment with protein phosphatase 2Ac suggested that the kinase was activated by serine/threonine phosphorylation. Phosphopeptide maps indicated that the kinase phosphorylated p47phox on similar sites to those found in vivo. These results indicate that activation of neutrophils by PMA results in the activation of a membrane-associated kinase that may play a part in the regulation of neutrophil NADPH oxidase through its ability to phosphorylate p47phox. (+info)

A novel class of protein from wheat which inhibits xylanases. (8/40341)

We have purified a novel class of protein that can inhibit the activity of endo-beta-1,4-xylanases. The inhibitor from wheat (Triticum aestivum, var. Soisson) is a glycosylated, monomeric, basic protein with a pI of 8.7-8.9, a molecular mass of 29 kDa and a unique N-terminal sequence of AGGKTGQVTVFWGRN. We have shown that the protein can inhibit the activity of two family-11 endo-beta-1, 4-xylanases, a recombinant enzyme from Aspergillus niger and an enzyme from Trichoderma viride. The inhibitory activity is heat and protease sensitive. The kinetics of the inhibition have been characterized with the A. niger enzyme using soluble wheat arabinoxylan as a substrate. The Km for soluble arabinoxylan in the absence of inhibitor is 20+/-2 mg/ml with a kcat of 103+/-6 s-1. The kinetics of the inhibition of this reaction are competitive, with a Ki value of 0.35 microM, showing that the inhibitor binds at or close to the active site of free xylanase. This report describes the first isolation of a xylanase inhibitor from any organism. (+info)

Altschul, A. M.; Evans, W. J. (1967). Zone electrophoresis with polyacrylamide gel. Methods in Enzymology. Vol. 11. pp. 179-186 ... They soaked the gel in a dye solution containing methanol, acetic acid and water. As the dye stained the polyacrylamide gel as ... This property can be used to separate proteins or protein complexes using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non- ... The first report of the use of the G form of the dye to visualise protein bands in polyacrylamide gels came in 1967, where the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coomassie_brilliant_blue

"SDS-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE)". Gainesville, FL: EnCor Biotechnology Inc. 2010. Retrieved 9 January 2010. " ... Although electrophoresis was used to separate proteins before Laemmli's work, he made significant improvements to the method. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulrich_K._Laemmli

"Denaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis of DNA & RNA". Electrophoresis. National Diagnostics. Retrieved 13 October 2016. ... These denaturants have been employed to make Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis gel (DGGE), which promotes denaturation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denaturation_(biochemistry)

... in temperature gradient gel electrophoresis; and in polyacrylamide gels. In traditional stained glass, silver stain is a ... Later it was adapted to polyacrylamide gels used in SDS-PAGE, and also for staining DNA or RNA. The glycosylations of ... Blum H, Beier H, Gross HJ (1987). "Improved silver staining of plant protein, RNA & DNA in PAA gels". Electrophoresis. 8: 93-99 ... Ochs D (1983). "Protein contaminants of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels". Anal Biochem. 135 (2): 470-4. doi:10.1016/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_staining

Purification of Oligonucleotides Using Denaturing Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology. ... The fully formed target structures can be verified using native gel electrophoresis, which gives size and shape information for ... Strands can be purified by denaturing gel electrophoresis if needed, and precise concentrations determined via any of several ... Methods: Chory J, Pollard JD (1 May 2001). Separation of Small DNA Fragments by Conventional Gel Electrophoresis. Current ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_nanotechnology

"Grass cultivar identification by sodium dodecylsulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". New Zealand Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margot_Forde

It was discovered by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 2-D fingerprinting in an attempt to study the accumulation of small ... I. Characterization by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fingerprint analysis". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 248 (14 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spot_42_RNA

Issaq, J. Haleem & T. D. Veenstra (2008). "Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE): advances and ... The first method fractionates whole proteins via two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The first-dimension of 2D gel is ... and the second-dimension is SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). This dimension separates the protein according ... Gel spots identified on a 2D Gel are usually attributable to one protein. If the identity of the protein is desired, usually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_mass_spectrometry

"Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". Nucleic Acids Res. 9 (23 ... An electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) or mobility shift electrophoresis, also referred as a gel shift assay, gel ... move through the gel is determined by their size and charge, and to a lesser extent, their shape (see gel electrophoresis). The ... DNA complexes during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". Nucleic Acids Research. 22 (23): 5054-5059. doi:10.1093/nar/22.23. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophoretic_mobility_shift_assay

It has been tested and recommended for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Usage above 20 mM in mammalian cell culture work is ... Thomas, J; Hodes, ME (1981). "A new discontinuous buffer system for the electrophoresis of cationic proteins at near-neutral pH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOPS

Another method that is common is polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Both methods require amplification of all loci of ... Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is one method that has met these criteria and is recommended by the EMQN. ... "Diagnosis of five spinocerebellar ataxia disorders by multiplex amplification and capillary electrophoresis". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spinocerebellar_ataxia_type_1

... for polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA and RNA, such as TBE buffer (borate buffered tris-hydroxymethylaminomethonium) or ... "Resolution of Multiple Ribonucleic Acid Species by Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis". Biochemistry. 6 (6): 1818-1827. doi: ... enclosed bait stations and spot treatments using gel formulations). Borax bead test John Veatch List of cleaning agents Sodium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borax

The acronym expands to "sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis." Janson, Lee W., 1964- (2012). The big ... In this way, the difference in mobility of the polypeptide chains in the gel can be attributed solely to their length as ... lotions and gels. Additionally, SLS aids in tablet wettability, as well as lubrication during manufacturing. Brand names of ... and for denaturing proteins in preparation for electrophoresis in the SDS-PAGE technique. In the case of SDS-PAGE, the compound ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_dodecyl_sulfate

... is used as a destaining agent in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Carbon monoxide and hydrogen react over a ... Similarly, the alcohol can be gelled to reduce risk of leaking or spilling, as with the brand "Sterno". Methanol is mixed with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methanol

Structural characterization of proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". J Biol Chem. 270 (11 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eukaryotic_ribosome

Run both samples side by side on a polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The portion of DNA template without protein will be cut ... the labelled DNA fragments are detected by a capillary electrophoresis device instead of being run on a polyacrylamide gel. If ... A region of interest is amplified between the linker and a gene-specific primer, and when run on a polyacrylamide gel, will ... Note: Maxam-Gilbert chemical DNA sequencing can be run alongside the samples on the polyacrylamide gel to allow the prediction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_footprinting

"Separation of human serum-alkaline-phosphatase isoenzymes by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". The Lancet. 294 (7629): 1029- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley_Joy_Rogers

Other techniques, such as activity staining assays with the use of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, tritium-based ... "Polyphenol oxidase activity staining in polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels". Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphenol_oxidase

... reliably separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), visualized by Coomassie brilliant blue staining, and their ... "The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". J. Biol. Chem. 244 ( ... "The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". This technique ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Weber

In biochemistry, MBA is used for chromatography gels and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Yuan-na Sun; et al. (2014). "Super ... Paez, Julieta I.; Farrukh, Aleeza; Ustahüseyin, Oya; Del Campo, Aránzazu (2018). "Biofunctionalization of Poly(acrylamide) Gels ... The properties of such gels are determined by the crosslink density, and targeted gel formation using MBA crosslinking gives ... Behari, Kunj; Agrawal, Uma; Das, Rima (October 1993). "Gel Free Polymerization of N,N′-Methylenebisacrylamide Initiated by a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N,N'-Methylenebisacrylamide

"Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". Nucleic Acids Research. ... "gel shift" assay, which is used to detect and estimate the affinity of protein-nucleic acid complexes. He made many other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_Crothers

Proteins are commonly separated using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D PAGE). For this technique, ... These include liquid chromatography mass spectrometry along with sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, or ... "Neuroproteomics - the Tasks Lying Ahead." Electrophoresis 27 (2006): 2819-2829. Butcher, James. "Neuroproteomics Comes of Age ... proteins are run across an immobile gel with a pH gradient until they stop at the point where their net charge is neutral. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroproteomics

Snider, R. D.; Kramer, C. L. (1974). "Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and numerical taxonomy of Taphrina caerulescens and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taphrina_caerulescens

"Equilibria and kinetics of lac repressor-operator interactions by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". Nucleic Acids Res. 9 (23 ... Garner MM, Revzin A (1981). "A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA-binding_protein

Gel electrophoresis of the fractions was carried out on a polyacrylamide gel. Samples were made containing sodium dodecyl ... to which the most toxic fraction was pooled and analysed by Gel Electrophoresis. To better follow the protein during further ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modeccin

Electrophoresis of proteins in polyacrylamide and starch gels (Part I, Chapter 2 Acrylamide gel). Laboratory Techniques in ... Electrophoresis Gel electrophoresis Protein electrophoresis Protein purification Metallome Seelert H, Krause F (2008). " ... McLellan T (1982). "Electrophoresis buffers for polyacrylamide gels at various pH". Analytical Biochemistry. 126 (1): 94-9. doi ... Suck R, Petersen A, Weber B, Fiebig H, Cromwell O (2004). "Analytical and preparative native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QPNC-PAGE

This type of electrophoresis is known as SDS-PAGE (SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis). Prior to electrophoresis, protein ... By far the most common type of gel electrophoresis employs polyacrylamide gels and buffers loaded with sodium dodecyl sulfate ( ... SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) maintains polypeptides in a denatured state once they have been treated with strong ... The gel electrophoresis step is included in western blot analysis to resolve the issue of the cross-reactivity of antibodies. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_blot

Alternatively, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis can also be performed with the cationic surfactants CTAB in a CTAB-PAGE, or ... The polyacrylamide-gel is typically sandwiched between two glass plates in a slab gel. Although tube gels (in glass cylinders) ... When using different buffers in the gel (discontinuous gel electrophoresis), the gels are made up to one day prior to ... For the gel solution, acrylamide is mixed as gel-former (usually 4% V/V in the stacking gel and 10-12 % in the separating gel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDS-PAGE

Aebersold R, Leavitt J (1990). "Sequence analysis of proteins separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis: towards an ... integrated protein database". Electrophoresis. 11 (7): 517-27. doi:10.1002/elps.1150110702. PMID 2226408. S2CID 22226075. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARHGDIB

These could be fractionated by electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel and visualised using autoradiography. The procedure ... The mixture of peptides was fractionated in two dimensions on a sheet of filter paper, first by electrophoresis in one ... Sanger, F.; Coulson, A.R. (1978), "The use of thin acrylamide gels for DNA sequencing", FEBS Letters, 87 (1): 107-110, doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Sanger

In 1975, two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) was described by O'Farrell and Klose with the ability to ... Klose J (1975). "Protein mapping by combined isoelectric focusing and electrophoresis of mouse tissues. A novel approach to ... O'Farrell PH (May 1975). "High resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis of proteins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_proteomics

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) is performed to confirm the presence of the ribose-seq library, and to check the ... Gel purification is used to purify the ribose-seq library before sequencing. At this stage, fragments are selected by length to ... and adjusted size ranges for cutting and purifying from the gel. Overall, it was suggested that the improved protocol may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose-seq

... and learning research techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In 1989 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Raguso

... while in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) it showed a mass of 80 kDa. This hydrolase enzyme ... The molecular weight of AT was found to be 218 kDa by gel filtration chromatography. AT is a glycoprotein. It has 86% ... In non-denaturing gels this enzyme protein exhibited a molecular mass of 160 kDa, ... resulted after sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis27. AT exhibited an apparent Km for trehalose of about 4.7 mM at pH ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trehalase

S-cleavage of the cyanylated proteins in polyacrylamide gels after separation by dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis". Eur. J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/60S_ribosomal_protein_L6

... of amino acid sequences for human colon carcinoma proteins separated by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". ... In gel electrophoresis analysis, significant differences were found in the migration of cytoplasmic and mitochondrial HSP60. ... a reference database established by microsequencing and gel comparison". Electrophoresis. 13 (12): 992-1001. doi:10.1002/elps. ... Corbett JM, Wheeler CH, Baker CS, Yacoub MH, Dunn MJ (1994). "The human myocardial two-dimensional gel protein database: update ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GroEL

"Positional reproducibility of protein spots in two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using immobilised pH gradient ... These polymerised gels are backed with plastic based backing that allow ease in handling and improve IPG's performance. The gel ... IPG increased reproducibility of Isoelectric focusing and 2D-Gel Electrophoresis. Other advantages are increased resolution, ... Within chemistry for acid-base reactions, Immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels are the acrylamide gel matrix co-polymerized with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobilized_pH_gradient

Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to show a higher molecular weight band corresponding to a potential polymer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GcvB_RNA

"Analysis of polypeptide composition and antigenic components of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientia_tsutsugamushi

... sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis)/Coomassie blue staining", and (b) the combination of isoelectric ... Two methods of analysis are possible: (a) protein electrophoresis, a method of analyzing the composition of fluids, also known ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligoclonal_band

... of phosphodiesterase were isolated from rat brain using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the early 1970s by Weiss and ... monophosphate phosphodiesterase in rat cerebellum by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. 284 (1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase

SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (in short: gel electrophoresis, PAGE, or SDS-electrophoresis), free-flow electrophoresis ... Affinity electrophoresis Electroblotting Electrofocusing Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, PAGE, or gel electrophoresis ... Before the widespread use of gel electrophoresis, protein electrophoresis was performed as free-flow electrophoresis (on paper ... Schägger H, von Jagow G (1987). "Tricine-sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for the separation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel_electrophoresis_of_proteins

DNA by restriction enzymes yields specific fragments that can be separated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, thus ... The different lengths of DNA generated by restriction digest also produce a specific pattern of bands after gel electrophoresis ... and then the different sized fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. In general, alleles with correct restriction sites ... will generate two visible bands of DNA on the gel, and those with altered restriction sites will not be cut and will generate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme

... as an electrophoretic color marker to monitor the process of agarose gel electrophoresis and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ... In a 1% agarose gel, it runs approximately at the size of a 125 base pair (bp) DNA molecule (it depends on the concentration of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresol_Red

1994). "Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of cryoglobulins and identification of an IgM-associated ... More recent high resolution protein electrophoresis methods have detected a small monoclonal immunoglobulin component in type ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryoglobulinemia

Another use for affinity chromatography is the purification of specific proteins using a gel matrix that is unique to a ... "Affinity capillary electrophoresis for the assessment of binding affinity of carbohydrate-based cholera toxin inhibitors". ... insoluble matrix-usually a polymer such as agarose or polyacrylamide-chemically modified to introduce reactive functional ... Electrophoresis. 39 (2): 344-347. doi:10.1002/elps.201700207. PMID 28905402. S2CID 33657660. Ninfa, Alexander J.; Ballou, David ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affinity_chromatography

used RuBPS as a fluorescent label for protein detection in polyacrylamide gels. The fact that RuBPS is not only easy to ... "Quantitative detection of phosphoproteins by combination of two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and phosphospecific ... Relative photostability and differential staining of proteins in two-dimensional gels". Electrophoresis. 25 (15): 2511-2519. ... In recent years, 2-D electrophoresis has been widely accepted as a standard procedure to separate complex protein mixtures in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrasodium_tris(bathophenanthroline_disulfonate)ruthenium(II)

In biochemistry and molecular biology, SDD-AGE is short for Semi-Denaturating Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. This is a ... and cannot enter a conventional polyacrylamide gel, which has small pores. Agarose on the other hand has large pores, which ... Bagriantsev SN; Kushnirov VV; Liebman SW (2006). "Analysis of amyloid aggregates using agarose gel electrophoresis". Methods in ... Halfmann R; Lindquist S (2008). "Screening for amyloid aggregation by Semi-Denaturing Detergent-Agarose Gel Electrophoresis". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SDD-AGE

"Proteomic analysis of melanoma‐derived exosomes by two‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarah_Young_(immunologist)

... gel, two-dimensional MeSH H01.181.529.307.437.236 - paper electrophoresis MeSH H01.181.529.307.437.319 - polyacrylamide gel ... electrophoresis, gel, two-dimensional MeSH H01.181.529.307.437.402 - starch gel electrophoresis MeSH H01.181.529.307.437.568 - ... electrophoresis MeSH H01.181.529.307.437.100 - agar gel electrophoresis MeSH H01.181.529.307.437.100.150 - comet assay MeSH ... cellulose acetate electrophoresis MeSH H01.181.529.307.437.220 - electrophoresis, gel, pulsed-field MeSH H01.181.529.307. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_MeSH_codes_(H01)

Starch gel (and later polyacrylamide and other gels) enabled the efficient separation of proteins, making it possible with ... Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and Preparative electrophoresis. Electrophoresis History of chromatography History of ... which used filter paper or gels as supporting media. By the 1960s, increasingly sophisticated gel electrophoresis methods made ... Gel electrophoresis and related techniques became the basis for a wide range of biochemical methods, such as protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_electrophoresis

... monophosphate phosphodiesterase in rat cerebellum by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA ... and results of native gel electrophoresis reveal that PDE5 exists in two apparently distinct conformations, i.e., an extended ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGMP-specific_phosphodiesterase_type_5

AE1 was discovered following SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) of erythrocyte cell membrane ... The large 'third' band on the electrophoresis gel represented AE1, which was thus initially termed 'Band 3'. Cluster of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band_3_anion_transport_protein

"Analysis of proteins copurifying with the CD4/lck complex using one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass ... Ahmed M, Forsberg J, Bergsten P (2005). "Protein profiling of human pancreatic islets by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ... Electrophoresis. 22 (1): 172-9. doi:10.1002/1522-2683(200101)22:1. 3.0.CO;2-P. PMID 11197169. S2CID 44748465. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VDAC2

Q4B Annex 10: Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis General Chapter September 2010 Download the Final Guidance Document Read the ...

https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/search-fda-guidance-documents/q4b-annex-10-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis-general-chapter

Mastering 1D Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis, Department of Chemistry, Southern University. 2007. ...

https://www.mcglinchey.com/insights/mastering-1d-sodium-dodecyl-sulfate-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis-department-of-chemistry-southern-university/

We show how polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled DNA can be used to measure the hairpin-duplex equilibrium ... N2 - We show how polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled DNA can be used to measure the hairpin-duplex equilibrium ... AB - We show how polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled DNA can be used to measure the hairpin-duplex equilibrium ... abstract = "We show how polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled DNA can be used to measure the hairpin-duplex ...

https://experts.syr.edu/en/publications/characterization-of-hairpin-duplex-interconversion-of-dna-using-p

Poly-acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis (PAGDE). Part-I. Indian Journal of Pathology & Microbiology. 1985 Jan; 28(1): 85-9. ...

https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/72881

2D gel electrophoresis. A technique for separating proteins to further identify and characterize them. Proteins are separated ...

https://www.learner.org/glossary/constructing-social-reality/

The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. scientific article ( ... The reliability of molecular weight determinations by dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (English) ...

https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29053311

"Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Native Polyacrylamide Gel ... Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under conditions in which the components, such as PROTEINS, being separated can remain in ... "Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis" by people in Profiles over the ...

https://uams-triprofiles.uams.edu/profiles/display/123032

SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and WB. The obtained protein fractions were analyzed using standard SDS-PAGE, ... Jackson, P. The use of polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis for the high-resolution separation of reducing saccharides labelled ... The images of (a,b) were cropped from dotted lines on original full-length gel images shown in Supplementary Fig. S1. (c) ... The images of (a-c) were cropped from original full-length gel images shown in dotted lines in Supplementary Fig. S2. (d) ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-52136-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=7fab513c-3b3b-43fb-902d-f11988ff7153

Determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2) Non-virion Polypeptides: Number. Details. Virion Density. Sedimentation ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Arbocat/VirusDetails.aspx?ID=278&SID=4

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) * Two-dimensional SDS-PAGE ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1256726-196684/what-is-the-role-of-lab-tests-in-the-workup-of-osteogenesis-imperfecta-oi

Some of the tests presently available are direct EM; immune EM; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; enzyme immune assays for ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000316/p0000316.asp

Students perform gel electrophoresis on extracted muscle protein mixtures from 7 different types of fish. The fish protein ... Electrophoresis. Carolina makes DNA gel electrophoresis easy when studying forensics or genetics. Theres a simple set up with ... Students perform gel electrophoresis on extracted muscle protein mixtures from 7 different types of fish. The fish protein ... Fish Protein Fingerprinting on Polyacrylamide Gels Perishables Refill Kit B:Sample Teachers Manual ...

https://www.carolina.com/gene-expression-advanced-topics/fish-protein-fingerprinting-on-polyacrylamide-gels-kit-with-voucher/211260.pr

≥98,5 %, for synthesis

https://www.carlroth.com/com/en/page-reagents/temed/p/8142.3

Categories: Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Electrophoresis,+Polyacrylamide+Gel&parentid=9262&catid=9273

... a set of three low molecular weight DNA bands in addition to the major mtDNA band when electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels. ... a set of three low molecular weight DNA bands in addition to the major mtDNA band when electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels. ... Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel * Humans * Molecular Weight * Nucleic Acid Hybridization Substances * DNA, Mitochondrial ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/273237/

Blue native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Request a detailed protocol Mitochondria were solubilized at 2 mg/mL with 1% ... Samples were loaded on a 4-16% Native PAGE Bis-Tris Gel (Life Technologies) and ran according to manufacturer´s instructions. ... The gels were blotted onto a PVDF membrane and analyzed using antibodies to Tim17. ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/22696

G-250 stain for visualizing protein bands on polyacrylamide gels. This stain eliminates ... Protein Gel Electrophoresis, Protein Gel Staining and Imaging, Proteins, Expression, Isolation and Analysis ... G-250 stain for visualizing protein bands on polyacrylamide gels. This stain eliminates extensive solution preparation time and ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/novex-simplyblue-safestain-2/LC6060?tab=document

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-PolyAcrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and Western blot analyses, or Capillary Zone ... Electrophoresis (CZE) have contributed to point out this heterogeneity of commercial HSA [51, 62]. Aggregation or chemical ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/2110-5820-3-4

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results with thiaminase activity stain of recombinant putative thiaminases expressed in E. ... Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis results with thiaminase activity stain of recombinant putative thiaminases expressed in E. ... Data describe results of a set of laboratory experiments using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a thiaminase activity ... Data describe results of a set of laboratory experiments using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a thiaminase activity ...

https://www.usgs.gov/staff-profiles/cathy-richter

Lysates were subjected to SDS-polyacrylamide gel (10%) electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane (Amersham ...

https://jmg.bmj.com/content/41/1/47

2D gel electrophoresis. A technique for separating proteins to further identify and characterize them. Proteins are separated ...

https://www.learner.org/glossary/bivariate-data-and-analysis/

We also included apoferritin as an internal standard for polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. The only stain used was ... Simplified method for the diameter sizing of serum low-density lipoprotein using polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. ... we used polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis to eliminate the interference by fatty acids and devised a simple, precise ... method of polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis to measure the diameter of small, dense, low-density lipoproteins in ...

https://www.degruyter.com/journal/key/cclm/42/9/html

... non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) was performed on constructs folded from either eight unmodified DNA ... The gel was cast at a concentration of 10% polyacrylamide supplemented with 0.5 × Tris-borate-EDTA (TBE) and 11 mM MgCl2. Per ... The gel was run in a Mini-PROTEAN Tetra Cell (Bio-Rad) for 90 min at 100 V in 0.5 × TBE supplemented with 11 mM MgCl2 and ... 1d). The gel shows intensity bands that, under the same experimental conditions, shift toward shorter run lengths with every ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-018-04821-5?error=cookies_not_supported

The Jo-1 antigen migrates as a 53-kd protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). ... Levine T. Treating refractory dermatomyositis or polymyositis with adrenocorticotropic hormone gel: a retrospective case series ...

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/335925

Proteins were resolved using a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). 4. Viral Detection in cells: Real-time ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=Fisher&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&B1=Search&whichdate=DP&D1=10&Limit=500&Sort=DP+DESC&EndYear=&PageNo=1&RecNo=9&View=f&

Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis" by people in UAMS Profiles by year, and whether "Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uams.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Native Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis" by people in Profiles over the past ten years. (uams.edu)
DCN was successfully assembled, and as-prepared DCN was characterized by native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, atomic force microscope and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. (dovepress.com)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under conditions in which the components, such as PROTEINS, being separated can remain in their naturally folded state. (uams.edu)
Proteins were separated by electrophoresis in NaDodSO4/ polyacrylamide gel slabs. (erowid.org)
Proteins were resolved using a 10% SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (cdc.gov)
The ability to separate proteins and other biological components mean that electrophoresis is popular in the field of forensics, particularly in the analysis of unknown samples. (news-medical.net)
Electrophoresis can be used to analyze proteins, including those found in human blood. (news-medical.net)
2D electrophoresis was used to analyze the proteins involved in photoactivated Lonicera japonica -induced CH27 cell apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis using SODIUM DODECYL SULFATE to denature proteins and separate them on the basis of their molecular weights. (bvsalud.org)
All those deletion-carrying hIL-6 (delta hIL-6) proteins were then produced in Xenopus laevis oocytes and examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). (uniparthenope.it)

Spodoptera frugiperda (SF-9) cells infected with the UGT recombinant baculovirus produced significant amounts of protein, which was detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, immunoblot analysis, and pulse chase with 35 S-amino acids. (aspetjournals.org)
Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-solubilized material shows one major protein in the junction, with an apparent mol wt of 20,000, and two minor components. (rupress.org)
Analysis of GIF by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein after staining with Coomassie blue or Schiff's reagent. (uab.edu)

For this purpose, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE), in-gel multiplex identification of phosphoproteins with PRO-Q Diamond phosphoprotein-specific stain, tandem (MALDI-TOF/TOF) mass spectrometry (MS), novel quantitative phosphoproteomic statistics and bioinformatic tools were used. (biomedcentral.com)

Agarose or polyacrylamide gel is the most commonly used reagents in gel electrophoresis. (news-medical.net)

Polyacrylamide and Agarose Gel Electrophoresis. (smashfly.com)

Heat-treated samples of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) exhibited a set of three low molecular weight DNA bands in addition to the major mtDNA band when electrophoresed in polyacrylamide gels. (nih.gov)

Rotavirus electropherotypes were determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to the method described by Herring et al. (cdc.gov)
Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of rotavirus RNA. (cdc.gov)

Students perform gel electrophoresis on extracted muscle protein mixtures from 7 different types of fish. (carolina.com)
SimplyBlue™ SafeStain is a ready-to-use, fast, sensitive, and safe Coomassie™ G-250 stain for visualizing protein bands on polyacrylamide gels. (fishersci.com)
This makes the protein migrate towards the positive end (anode) in electrophoresis. (news-medical.net)
The guaranteed necessary protein had been blended in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (Web page) test stream. (sciencepop.org)

2). To discover compound purity, sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide teeth whitening gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) has been performed and one wedding ring had been noticed. (onliner.us)

A reliable, fast, cheap and sensitive silver staining method to detect nucleic acids in polyacrylamide gels was developed from two standard stain procedures. (ac.be)

All methods allowed the detection of similar polymorphisms for single sequence repeats with different cotton genotypes but important differences regarding the contrast, background and conservation duration of the gels were observed. (ac.be)

However, it also has a wider variety of column lengths, while capillary electrophoresis is restricted to thin capillaries. (news-medical.net)
Instead, it generated a series of DNA molecules of varying lengths that could be separated by using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (britannica.com)

abstract = "We show how polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of radiolabeled DNA can be used to measure the hairpin-duplex equilibrium constant for DNA in solution. (syr.edu)

Electroforesis en la que se emplea un gel de poliacrilamida como medio de difusión. (bvsalud.org)

The PCR products were analyzed using a horizontal nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with a discontinuous buffer system (3). (astm.org)

IMSEAR at SEARO: Poly-acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis (PAGDE). (who.int)
Saoji AM, Khare PM. Poly-acrylamide gel disc electrophoresis (PAGDE). (who.int)

The components of capillary electrophoresis include an injection system, capillary and high voltage source, electrode, and a detector. (news-medical.net)
Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. (bvsalud.org)

The improved method was sensitive, fast (20 min), gave lower backgrounds, produced gels with long-term conservation ability, and allowed a reutilization of all the solutions used in the staining procedure from five to seven times, making it quite cheap. (ac.be)

Group A Genotype by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to the method described by Herring et al. (cdc.gov)
This method is also known as high-performance capillary electrophoresis and can be used to separate different kinds of molecules, including inorganic molecules and biopolymers. (news-medical.net)

This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels. (bvsalud.org)

mm -2 ) by including a gel preexposure with formaldehyde during silver nitrate impregnation and by lowering the concentration of silver nitrate. (ac.be)
The viral RNAs were analyzed by electrophoresis in a polyacrylamide gel and visualized by silver staining. (cdc.gov)

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of naphthyl esterases identified the insects as B-types. (usda.gov)

In electrophoresis, the substance that has to be separated is made to travel across a gel with a specific pore size using an electrical field. (news-medical.net)

Also, one end of the gel has a positive charge, while the other end has a negative charge. (news-medical.net)
Similarly, a component that is positively charged will move faster towards the negative end of the gel, compared to a component that has a negative charge. (news-medical.net)

The HV isolates formed large colony (ranging from 10.1 to 12.6 mm in diameter) and showed the same enzyme pattern,while the WV isolates produced small colony (ranging from 5.8 to 7.8 mm in diameter) and had not detectable enzyme activity in the stained overlaying gel. (scielo.br)

Thus, electrophoresis can be used to separate unknown compounds in a substance. (news-medical.net)

Anatomy19

Organisms15

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs109

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment69

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture5

Information Science3

Health Care2

The isolation and partial characterization of the serum lipoproteins and apolipoproteins of the rainbow trout. (1/40341)

Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (2/40341)

A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (3/40341)

Lack of genic similarity between two sibling species of drosophila as revealed by varied techniques. (4/40341)

Genetic heterogeneity within electrophoretic "alleles" of xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila pseudoobscura. (5/40341)

Isolation and complete covalent structure of liver microsomal paraoxonase. (6/40341)

Characterization and partial purification of a novel neutrophil membrane-associated kinase capable of phosphorylating the respiratory burst component p47phox. (7/40341)

A novel class of protein from wheat which inhibits xylanases. (8/40341)

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Gels

Molecular Weight

Electrophoresis

Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional

Electrophoresis, Capillary

Electrophoresis, Agar Gel

Electrophoresis, Disc

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field

Isoelectric Focusing

Chromatography, Gel

Amino Acids

Kinetics

Isoelectric Point

Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate

Molecular Sequence Data

Chromatography, Affinity

Immunodiffusion

Chromatography, Ion Exchange

Macromolecular Substances

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Amino Acid Sequence

Immunoelectrophoresis

Electrophoresis, Microchip

Acrylic Resins

Chromatography

Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose

Blood Protein Electrophoresis

Base Sequence

Electrophoresis, Starch Gel

Escherichia coli

Centrifugation, Density Gradient

Bacterial Proteins

Substrate Specificity

Chemistry

Glycoproteins

Chemical Phenomena

Cattle

Rabbits

Carbohydrates

Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate

Chemical Precipitation

Species Specificity

Trypsin

Peptides

Proteins

Densitometry

Peptide Fragments

Acrylates

Acrylamides

Immunochemistry

DNA, Bacterial

DNA

Protein Biosynthesis

Liver

Immunoelectrophoresis, Two-Dimensional

Temperature

Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis

Cell Line

Viral Proteins

Hot Temperature

Ultracentrifugation

Microscopy, Electron

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Immune Sera

Membrane Proteins

Cell Membrane

Cell Fractionation

Cell-Free System

Isoenzymes

Hydroxyapatites

Immunosorbent Techniques

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Methods

Tritium

Protein Binding

Cloning, Molecular

Autoradiography

Proteomics

Peptide Hydrolases