Electrodes implanted. Medical search

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

Electrodes which can be used to measure the concentration of particular ions in cells, tissues, or solutions.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

The utilization of an electrical current to measure, analyze, or alter chemicals or chemical reactions in solution, cells, or tissues.

Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Solution titration in which the end point is read from the electrode-potential variations with the concentrations of potential determining ions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Electronic hearing devices typically used for patients with normal outer and middle ear function, but defective inner ear function. In the COCHLEA, the hair cells (HAIR CELLS, VESTIBULAR) may be absent or damaged but there are residual nerve fibers. The device electrically stimulates the COCHLEAR NERVE to create sound sensation.

Determination of the quantity of a material present in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the electrical conductivity of the mixture. (Webster, 3d ed)

Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLEAR NERVE in the inner ear to create sound sensation in patients with residual nerve fibers.

The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.

Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. Since they can be reused continuously, immobilized enzymes have found wide application in the industrial, medical and research fields.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

The physical effects involving the presence of electric charges at rest and in motion.

Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism or mechanical energy of periodic movements, into electrical energy.

Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.

Inorganic compounds that contain silver as an integral part of the molecule.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".

A technique of measuring the dielectric properties of materials, which vary over a range of frequencies depending on the physical properties of the material. The technique involves measuring, over a range of frequencies, ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE and phase shift of an electric field as it passes through the material.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Potential cavity which separates the ARACHNOID MATER from the DURA MATER.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute.

Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of beta-D-glucose and oxygen to D-glucono-1,5-lactone and peroxide. It is a flavoprotein, highly specific for beta-D-glucose. The enzyme is produced by Penicillium notatum and other fungi and has antibacterial activity in the presence of glucose and oxygen. It is used to estimate glucose concentration in blood or urine samples through the formation of colored dyes by the hydrogen peroxide produced in the reaction. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.3.4.

Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.

An electrical current applied to the HEART to terminate a disturbance of its rhythm, ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The lower chamber of the COCHLEA, extending from the round window to the helicotrema (the opening at the apex that connects the PERILYMPH-filled spaces of scala tympani and SCALA VESTIBULI).

The study, control, and application of the conduction of ELECTRICITY through gases or vacuum, or through semiconducting or conducting materials. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Medical devices which substitute for a nervous system function by electrically stimulating the nerves directly and monitoring the response to the electrical stimulation.

Destruction by passage of a galvanic electric current, as in disintegration of a chemical compound in solution.

Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.

Artificial device such as an externally-worn camera attached to a stimulator on the RETINA, OPTIC NERVE, or VISUAL CORTEX, intended to restore or amplify vision.

The perceived attribute of a sound which corresponds to the physical attribute of intensity.

The analysis of a chemical substance by inserting a sample into a carrier stream of reagent using a sample injection valve that propels the sample downstream where mixing occurs in a coiled tube, then passes into a flow-through detector and a recorder or other data handling device.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An electrochemical technique for measuring the current that flows in solution as a function of an applied voltage. The observed polarographic wave, resulting from the electrochemical response, depends on the way voltage is applied (linear sweep or differential pulse) and the type of electrode used. Usually a mercury drop electrode is used.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

The research and development of ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES for such medical applications as diagnosis, therapy, research, anesthesia control, cardiac control, and surgery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

Coating with a metal or alloy by electrolysis.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A highly miniaturized version of ELECTROPHORESIS performed in a microfluidic device.

Devices that control the supply of electric current for running electrical equipment.

A technique in which electric pulses of intensity in kilovolts per centimeter and of microsecond-to-millisecond duration cause a temporary loss of the semipermeability of CELL MEMBRANES, thus leading to ion leakage, escape of metabolites, and increased uptake by cells of drugs, molecular probes, and DNA.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.

The scientific discipline concerned with the physiology of the nervous system.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the INTERNAL CAPSULE. The SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS and pathways traversing this region are concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Nanometer-scale wires made of materials that conduct electricity. They can be coated with molecules such as antibodies that will bind to proteins and other substances.

Diamond. A crystalline form of carbon that occurs as hard, colorless or tinted isomeric crystals. It is used as a precious stone, for cutting glass, and as bearings for delicate mechanisms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A treatment modality that uses pulsed electrical currents to permeabilize cell membranes (ELECTROPORATION) and thereby enhance the uptake of chemotherapeutic agents, vaccines, or genes into the body's cells.

Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

Procedures for correcting HEARING DISORDERS.

The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.

Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.

Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).

A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.

Electrical devices that are composed of semiconductor material, with at least three connections to an external electronic circuit. They are used to amplify electrical signals, detect signals, or as switches.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.

A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).

The ability of a substrate to retain an electrical charge.

The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

The science pertaining to the interrelationship of psychologic phenomena and the individual's response to the physical properties of sound.

Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity being analyzed. Common examples include histological structures introduced by tissue processing, radiographic images of structures that are not naturally present in living tissue, and products of chemical reactions that occur during analysis.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae. They have the ability to oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Therapeutic introduction of ions of soluble salts into tissues by means of electric current. In medical literature it is commonly used to indicate the process of increasing the penetration of drugs into surface tissues by the application of electric current. It has nothing to do with ION EXCHANGE; AIR IONIZATION nor PHONOPHORESIS, none of which requires current.

Fields representing the joint interplay of electric and magnetic forces.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Competitive mechanisms subserve attention in macaque areas V2 and V4. (1/2220)

It is well established that attention modulates visual processing in extrastriate cortex. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are unknown. A consistent observation is that attention has its greatest impact on neuronal responses when multiple stimuli appear together within a cell's receptive field. One way to explain this is to assume that multiple stimuli activate competing populations of neurons and that attention biases this competition in favor of the attended stimulus. In the absence of competing stimuli, there is no competition to be resolved. Accordingly, attention has a more limited effect on the neuronal response to a single stimulus. To test this interpretation, we measured the responses of neurons in macaque areas V2 and V4 using a behavioral paradigm that allowed us to isolate automatic sensory processing mechanisms from attentional effects. First, we measured each cell's response to a single stimulus presented alone inside the receptive field or paired with a second receptive field stimulus, while the monkey attended to a location outside the receptive field. Adding the second stimulus typically caused the neuron's response to move toward the response that was elicited by the second stimulus alone. Then, we directed the monkey's attention to one element of the pair. This drove the neuron's response toward the response elicited when the attended stimulus appeared alone. These findings are consistent with the idea that attention biases competitive interactions among neurons, causing them to respond primarily to the attended stimulus. A quantitative neural model of attention is proposed to account for these results. (+info)

Neural encoding in orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala during olfactory discrimination learning. (2/2220)

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is part of a network of structures involved in adaptive behavior and decision making. Interconnections between OFC and basolateral amygdala (ABL) may be critical for encoding the motivational significance of stimuli used to guide behavior. Indeed, much research indicates that neurons in OFC and ABL fire selectively to cues based on their associative significance. In the current study recordings were made in each region within a behavioral paradigm that allowed comparison of the development of associative encoding over the course of learning. In each recording session, rats were presented with novel odors that were informative about the outcome of making a response and had to learn to withhold a response after sampling an odor that signaled a negative outcome. In some cases, reversal training was performed in the same session as the initial learning. Ninety-six of the 328 neurons recorded in OFC and 60 of the 229 neurons recorded in ABL exhibited selective activity during evaluation of the odor cues after learning had occurred. A substantial proportion of those neurons in ABL developed selective activity very early in training, and many reversed selectivity rapidly after reversal. In contrast, those neurons in OFC rarely exhibited selective activity during odor evaluation before the rats reached the criterion for learning, and far fewer reversed selectivity after reversal. The findings support a model in which ABL encodes the motivational significance of cues and OFC uses this information in the selection and execution of an appropriate behavioral strategy. (+info)

Physiological properties of raphe magnus neurons during sleep and waking. (3/2220)

Neurons in the medullary raphe magnus (RM) that are important in the descending modulation of nociceptive transmission are classified by their response to noxious tail heat as ON, OFF, or NEUTRAL cells. Experiments in anesthetized animals demonstrate that RM ON cells facilitate and OFF cells inhibit nociceptive transmission. Yet little is known of the physiology of these cells in the unanesthetized animal. The first aim of the present experiments was to determine whether cells with ON- and OFF-like responses to noxious heat exist in the unanesthetized rat. Second, to determine if RM cells have state-dependent discharge, the activity of RM neurons was recorded during waking and sleeping states. Noxious heat applied during waking and slow wave sleep excited one group of cells (ON-U) in unanesthetized rats. Other cells were inhibited by noxious heat (OFF-U) applied during waking and slow wave sleep states in unanesthetized rats. NEUTRAL-U cells did not respond to noxious thermal stimulation applied during either slow wave sleep or waking. ON-U and OFF-U cells were more likely to respond to noxious heat during slow wave sleep than during waking and were least likely to respond when the animal was eating or drinking. Although RM cells rarely respond to innocuous stimulation applied during anesthesia, ON-U and OFF-U cells were excited and inhibited, respectively, by innocuous somatosensory stimulation in the unanesthetized rat. The spontaneous activity of >90% of the RM neurons recorded in the unanesthetized rat was influenced by behavioral state. OFF-U cells discharged sporadically during waking but were continuously active during slow wave sleep. By contrast, ON-U and NEUTRAL-U cells discharged in bursts during waking and either ceased to discharge entirely or discharged at a low rate during slow wave sleep. We suggest that OFF cell discharge functions to suppress pain-evoked reactions during sleep, whereas ON cell discharge facilitates pain-evoked responses during waking. (+info)

MST neuronal responses to heading direction during pursuit eye movements. (4/2220)

As you move through the environment, you see a radial pattern of visual motion with a focus of expansion (FOE) that indicates your heading direction. When self-movement is combined with smooth pursuit eye movements, the turning of the eye distorts the retinal image of the FOE but somehow you still can perceive heading. We studied neurons in the medial superior temporal area (MST) of monkey visual cortex, recording responses to FOE stimuli presented during fixation and smooth pursuit eye movements. Almost all neurons showed significant changes in their FOE selective responses during pursuit eye movements. However, the vector average of all the neuronal responses indicated the direction of the FOE during both fixation and pursuit. Furthermore, the amplitude of the net vector increased with increasing FOE eccentricity. We conclude that neuronal population encoding in MST might contribute to pursuit-tolerant heading perception. (+info)

Visuomotor processing as reflected in the directional discharge of premotor and primary motor cortex neurons. (5/2220)

Premotor and primary motor cortical neuronal firing was studied in two monkeys during an instructed delay, pursuit tracking task. The task included a premovement "cue period," during which the target was presented at the periphery of the workspace and moved to the center of the workspace along one of eight directions at one of four constant speeds. The "track period" consisted of a visually guided, error-constrained arm movement during which the animal tracked the target as it moved from the central start box along a line to the opposite periphery of the workspace. Behaviorally, the animals tracked the required directions and speeds with highly constrained trajectories. The eye movements consisted of saccades to the target at the onset of the cue period, followed by smooth pursuit intermingled with saccades throughout the cue and track periods. Initially, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for direction and period effects in the firing. Subsequently, a linear regression analysis was used to fit the average firing from the cue and track periods to a cosine model. Directional tuning as determined by a significant fit to the cosine model was a prominent feature of the discharge during both the cue and track periods. However, the directional tuning of the firing of a single cell was not always constant across the cue and track periods. Approximately one-half of the neurons had differences in their preferred directions (PDs) of >45 degrees between cue and track periods. The PD in the cue or track period was not dependent on the target speed. A second linear regression analysis based on calculation of the preferred direction in 20-ms bins (i.e., the PD trajectory) was used to examine on a finer time scale the temporal evolution of this change in directional tuning. The PD trajectories in the cue period were not straight but instead rotated over the workspace to align with the track period PD. Both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations occurred. The PD trajectories were relatively straight during most of the track period. The rotation and eventual convergence of the PD trajectories in the cue period to the preferred direction of the track period may reflect the transformation of visual information into motor commands. The widely dispersed PD trajectories in the cue period would allow targets to be detected over a wide spatial aperture. The convergence of the PD trajectories occurring at the cue-track transition may serve as a "Go" signal to move that was not explicitly supplied by the paradigm. Furthermore, the rotation and convergence of the PD trajectories may provide a mechanism for nonstandard mapping. Standard mapping refers to a sensorimotor transformation in which the stimulus is the object of the reach. Nonstandard mapping is the mapping of an arbitrary stimulus into an arbitrary movement. The shifts in the PD may allow relevant visual information from any direction to be transformed into an appropriate movement direction, providing a neural substrate for nonstandard stimulus-response mappings. (+info)

Fatal outcome arising from use of a sutureless "corkscrew" epicardial pacing electrode inserted into apex of left ventricle. (6/2220)

A 59-year-old man is described in whom the insertion of an epicardial sutureless "corkscrew" electrode resulted in fatal ventricular perforation. Fatal myocardial perforation can occur with this electrode and the apex of the left ventricle should never be used as the site of insertion. Necropsy also showed that the transvenous right ventricular electrode, inserted one year previously, had penetrated a tricuspid leaflet. This could have accounted for the ensuing pacing failure. (+info)

Gating of transmission in climbing fibre paths to cerebellar cortical C1 and C3 zones in the rostral paramedian lobule during locomotion in the cat. (7/2220)

1. Climbing fibre field potentials evoked by low intensity (non-noxious) electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral superficial radial nerve have been recorded in the rostral paramedian lobule (PML) in awake cats. Chronically implanted microwires were used to monitor the responses at eight different C1 and C3 zone sites during quiet rest and during steady walking on a moving belt. The latency and other characteristics of the responses identified them as mediated mainly via the dorsal funiculus-spino-olivocerebellar path (DF-SOCP). 2. At each site, mean size of response (measured as the area under the field, in mV ms) varied systematically during the step cycle without parallel fluctuations in size of the peripheral nerve volley. Largest responses occurred overwhelmingly during the stance phase of the step cycle in the ipsilateral forelimb while smallest responses occurred most frequently during swing. 3. Simultaneous recording from pairs of C1 zone sites located in the anterior lobe (lobule V) and C1 or C3 zone sites in rostral PML revealed markedly different patterns of step-related modulation. 4. The findings shed light on the extent to which the SOCPs projecting to different parts of a given zone can be regarded as functionally uniform and have implications as to their reliability as channels for conveying peripheral signals to the cerebellum during locomotion. (+info)

Effects of capsaicin pretreatment on expiratory laryngeal closure during pulmonary edema in lambs. (8/2220)

The present study, performed in nonsedated, conscious lambs, consisted of two parts. In the first part, we 1) examined for the first time whether a respiratory response to pulmonary C-fiber stimulation could be elicited in nonsedated newborns and 2) determined whether this response could be abolished by capsaicin pretreatment. Then, by using capsaicin-desensitized lambs, we studied whether pulmonary C fibers were involved in the sustained, active expiratory upper airway closure previously observed during pulmonary edema. Airflow and thyroarytenoid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle electromyographic activities were recorded. In the first set of experiments, a 5-10 microg/kg capsaicin bolus intravenous injection in seven intact lambs consistently led to a typical pulmonary chemoreflex, showing that C fibers are functionally mature in newborn lambs. In the second series of experiments, eight lambs pretreated with 25-50 mg/kg subcutaneous capsaicin did not exhibit any respiratory response to 10-50 microg/kg intravenous capsaicin injection, implicating C fibers in the response. Finally, in the above capsaicin-desensitized lambs, we observed that halothane-induced high-permeability pulmonary edema did not cause the typical response of sustained expiratory upper airway closure seen in the intact lamb. We conclude that functionally mature C fibers are present and responsible for a pulmonary chemoreflex in response to capsaicin intravenous injection in nonsedated lambs. Capsaicin pretreatment abolishes this reflex. Furthermore, the sustained expiratory upper airway closure observed during halothane-induced pulmonary edema in intact nonsedated lambs appears to be related to a reflex involving stimulation of pulmonary C fibers. (+info)

A chronic electrode implant is an electronic device implanted chronically (for a long period) into the brain or other ... Implantable electrode research also employs many different techniques for surgically implanting the electrodes; the most ... Another recent study addressing the impact of chronically implanted electrodes points that tungsten-coated electrodes seem to ... Recording electrodes, however, must rely on whatever signals are present where they are implanted, and cannot easily be made ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chronic_electrode_implant

Some applications require electrodes to be implanted in the animal's nervous system connected to a receiver which is usually ... Three electrodes are implanted; two in the ventral posterolateral nucleus of the thalamus which conveys facial sensory ... "There's got to be a level of discomfort in implanting these electrodes," he says, which may be difficult to justify. Talwar ... Several studies have examined the remote control of rats using micro-electrodes implanted into their brains and rely on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_control_animal

Intracranial electrodes consist of conductive electrode arrays implanted on a polymer or silicon, or a wire electrode with an ... Prosthesis in these areas are typically electrodes or electrode arrays. Electrodes, especially stimulating electrodes and the ... Surface chemistry of implantable electrodes proves to be more of a design concern for chronically implanted electrodes as ... Electrode impedance is related to surface area at the interface between the electrode and the tissue. At electrode sites, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_chemistry_of_neural_implants

Stentrode (Stent-electrode recording array) is a small stent-mounted electrode array permanently implanted into a blood vessel ... Oxley began developing the implant in 2010, through his self-founded company Synchron. The small implant is an electrode array ... Focal stimulation of the sheep motor cortex with a chronically implanted minimally invasive electrode array mounted on an ... Cortical implant Neuralink Neurorobotics "Brain implant allows mind control of computers in first human trials". New Atlas. 5 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stent-electrode_recording_array

Conducting polymer electrodes for auditory brainstem implants; Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 2015. DOI : 10.1039/c5tb00099h ... "Conducting polymer electrodes for auditory brainstem implants". Journal of Materials Chemistry B. 3 (25): 5021-5027. doi: ... These 3D electrode channel devices fixed to polymer substrates not only provide an innovative tool for in vivo guided axon ... These tiny, flexible electrodes are inserted into cochlea, and deliver electrical pulses along the nerve to transduce sound ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stéphanie_P._Lacour

The electrodes are implanted as described above. The patient uses a hand-held magnet to turn on and turn off a pulse generator ... by turning off the implanted electrode. Batteries in the generator last about 5 years and can be replaced surgically. DBS is ... A low-frequency current is passed through the electrode to activate the tremor and to confirm proper placement. Once the site ... A small hole is drilled through the skull and a temperature-controlled electrode is inserted into the thalamus. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tremor

Book electrodes are still considered very bulky. Grill WM, Norman SE, Bellamkonda RV (2009). "Implanted neural interfaces: ... Since the electrode is sutured to the epineurium it is unlikely to damage the nerve trunk. Helicoidal electrodes are placed ... Each slot contains three platinum foils which function as electrodes, anode electrodes and one cathode. The spinal roots of the ... A wide variety of electrode designs have been researched, tested, and manufactured. These electrodes lie on a spectrum varying ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_nerve_interface

Implanted in Nagle's right precentral gyrus (area of the motor cortex for arm movement), the 96-electrode BrainGate implant ... With electrodes also implanted into his wife's nervous system, they conducted the first direct electronic communication ... In addition, according to the research of Abdulkader et al., (2015), the body may not accept the implanted electrodes and this ... The patient had had severe epilepsy and the electrodes were temporarily implanted to help his physicians localize seizure foci ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain–computer_interface

... the implant sends electrical signals to electrodes in the vagus nerve. The application of this device is being tested an ... In some cases implants contain electronics, e.g. artificial pacemaker and cochlear implants. Some implants are bioactive, such ... AAOMS - Dental Implant Surgery ACOG - IUDs and Birth Control Implants: Resource Overview FDA - Implants and Prosthetics ... The consequences of implant failure depend on the nature of the implant and its position in the body. Thus, heart valve failure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implant_(medicine)

EEG and fMRI do not obtain as strong signals as direct electrode implant. Traditional myoelectric prostheses are unable to ... Response of brain tissue to chronically implanted neural electrodes. J Neurosci Methods. 2005 Oct 15;148(1):1-18. Schwartz AB, ... One hundred and fifteen electrodes were used to record EMG from the pectoral muscle; two electrodes were used to record from ... The electrodes were placed at a distance of 15mm from each other. To remove the artifact caused by body movement, the EMG ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_reinnervation

"Response of brain tissue to chronically implanted neural electrodes". Journal of Neuroscience Methods. 148 (1): 1-18. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_spike

The team is also considering implanting electrodes directly on nerves. Power Researchers are exploring a hydrogen-peroxide ... A wire coil wrapped over the shoulder supplies wireless power to the implants and relays signals to computers in the prosthetic ... and refine the bulky electrodes used to read electrical signals in muscles. Control System Researchers are experimenting with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto_2

These electrodes emit high-frequency stimulation to the implanted areas. Bilateral implantation is necessary for symmetric ... An example of this therapy might involve implanting cells genetically modified to express tyrosine hydroxylase which, in the ... Deep brain stimulation involves inserting, via stereotaxic surgery, electrodes into the sensorimotor area of the brain. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_ganglia_disease

He had DBS electrodes implanted bilaterally within his central thalamus. More specifically, the DBS electrodes targeted the ... Both electrodes were positioned within the central lateral nucleus, the paralaminar regions of the median dorsalis, and the ... a technique that supplies a small electric current in the brain with non-invasive electrodes, may improve the clinical state of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimally_conscious_state

The location where the electrodes are implanted depends on the neurological disorder being treated. The company Neuralink hopes ... that their DBS device will include "as many as 3072 electrodes distributed along 96 threads", and that the procedure to implant ... The neurostimulator is a thin wire with electrodes at its tip. Low levels of electric current are transmitted through the brain ... More complex medical devices can be implanted to treat psychological disorders and illnesses. Anna Wexler, a member of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurohacking

"Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overactive_bladder

The implant consists of 60 electrodes, each 200 microns in diameter. The resolution of the 6 dot by 10 dot rectangular grid ... The implant is attached to the surface of the retina with a tack. The cables connecting the implant to the processor are run ... The processor is in turn connected by cables to the implant itself, which is surgically implanted on the surface of the ... 19 There is also a risk of bacterial infection from the implanted cables that connect the implant to the signal processor. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argus_retinal_prosthesis

These consist of both internal implanted electrodes and magnets and external components. The quality of sound is different than ... A cochlear implant is surgical implantation of a battery powered electronic medical device in the inner ear. Unlike hearing ... In cases of profound or total deafness, a cochlear implant is a specialised hearing aid that may restore a functional level of ... Profound or total hearing loss may be amenable to management by cochlear implants, which stimulate cochlear nerve endings ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensorineural_hearing_loss

In non-human animals, EEG signals are usually recorded using electrodes implanted in the brain; the majority of theta studies ... In contrast to the situation in rats, where long periods of theta oscillations are easily observed using electrodes implanted ... have involved electrodes implanted in the hippocampus. In humans, because invasive studies are not ethically permissible except ... on human hippocampal theta comes from a few small studies of epileptic patients with intracranially implanted electrodes used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theta_wave

The patients answered questions about their mood while the electrodes were implanted. Using the data about the mood and the ... They measured the brain activity of seven patients who had electrodes implanted in their brain to monitor epilepsy. ... "Brain-zapping implants that fight depression inch closer to reality". Science News. 2019-02-10. Retrieved 2019-11-22. Sani, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maryam_Shanechi

"Factors Affecting Outcomes in Cochlear Implant Recipients Implanted With a Perimodiolar Electrode Array Located in Scala ... Usually, the ENVp of the signal in each channel is transmitted to the implanted electrodes in the form an electrical pulses of ... ISBN 978-1-59756-652-0. Bierer JA, Faulkner KF (April 2010). "Identifying cochlear implant channels with poor electrode-neuron ... Some cochlear implant systems transmit information about TFSp in the channels of the cochlear implants that are tuned to low ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_envelope_and_fine_structure

Nine electrodes had previously been implanted on her skull: two in the front sinus, one in the somatic area, two in the ventral ... Hector had electrodes implanted on his skull so neurological activity could be monitored. Two further rockets with rat payloads ... The cats had electrodes implanted onto their skulls so their neurological activity could be monitored throughout the flight. ... Burgess and Dubbs believe this is due to photos of her with electrodes implanted on her skull and the new animal rights ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Félicette

Deep electrode insertion in Cochlear implants: Apical Morphology, electrodes and speech perception results. In: Acta ... "Deep electrode insertion in cochlear implants: apical morphology, electrodes and speech perception results". Acta Oto- ... This implant included a long, flexible electrode, which could, for the first time, deliver electric signals to the auditory ... Previous cochlear implant designs provided single-channel stimulation. The new multi-channel device was implanted in December ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingeborg_Hochmair

The internal implant sends the signals to the electrode array. The design of the electrode array is the key difference between ... Brain implant Cochlear implant Colletti, L.; Shannon, R.; Colletti, V. (Oct 2012). "Auditory brainstem implants for ... With a cochlear implant, the electrodes positioned in the basal end of the cochlea elicit a higher pitch sensation than those ... Whereas the electrode array for a CI is wire-shaped and is inserted into the cochlea, the electrode array of an ABI is paddle- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory_brainstem_implant

"Transcranial magnetic stimulation and extradural electrodes implanted on secondary auditory cortex for tinnitus suppression". ... somatosensory cortex implants for deafferentation pain; C2 implant for tinnitus, as well as for failed back surgery syndrome; ... He has developed "burst" stimulation, novel stimulation design for brain and spine implants, which is commercialised by Abbott ... body experience with PET scan in a person in whom the out-of-body experience could be elicited by activation of a brain implant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk_De_Ridder_(neurosurgeon)

By 1952, he had co-authored his first paper on implanting electrodes into humans. The Spanish minister of Education, Villar ... and implanted electrodes in about 25 of them. Most of these patients were either schizophrenics or epileptics. To determine the ... Rodríguez Delgado had implanted a stimoceiver in the caudate nucleus of a fighting bull. He could stop the animal mid-way that ... Humans whose implants were stimulated to produce a reaction were unable to resist the reaction and so one patient said "I guess ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/José_Manuel_Rodríguez_Delgado

He studied monkeys with electrodes implanted in the reticular system and also cortical electrodes. He used evoked responses to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eldon_Leroy_Foltz

The device is implanted into upper chest with the electrodes placed in the neck. First, an incision is made in the neck to ... a feature which is used in the initial implant procedure to aid positioning of the electrode. Despite modern medications ... The electrode is then sutured in place. The main part of the device (also called the pulse generator) is then placed in a ... It uses an implanted device to electrically stimulate baroreceptors in the carotid sinus region. This elicits a reflex response ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baroreflex_activation_therapy

The patient, who had been arrested for marijuana possession, was implanted with electrodes into the septal region (associated ... Becker, Hal C. (1957). "A roentgenographic stereotaxic technique for implanting and maintaining electrodes in the brain of man ... He performed many experiments there involving electrical stimulation of the brain via surgically implanted electrodes. He ... Indeed, he has been cited as the first, or one of the first, researcher(s) to have placed electrodes deep into the brains of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Galbraith_Heath

... torquata have been created by implanting electrodes and a radio device. By sending radio signals to make the electrodes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mecynorhina_torquata

This is also an optimal time for uptake of long-acting reversible contraception (LARC), such as the contraceptive implant or ... More invasive monitoring can involve a fetal scalp electrode to give an additional measure of fetal heart activity, and/or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

Methods to improve rehabilitation by auditory implants include improving music perception, models of the electrode-neuron ... with new cochlear implant users in a multi-centre study". Cochlear Implants International. 16 (2): 100-109. doi:10.1179/ ... Rubinstein, Jay T.; Hong, Robert (September 2003). "Signal Coding in Cochlear Implants: Exploiting Stochastic Effects of ... "Design and Evaluation of a Real-Time Audio Source Separation Algorithm to Remix Music for Cochlear Implant Users". Frontiers in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_audiology

TiN layers may also be used as electrodes in bioelectronic applications like in intelligent implants or in-vivo biosensors that ... TiN coatings have also been used in implanted prostheses (especially hip replacement implants) and other medical implants. ... TiN electrodes have already been applied in the subretinal prosthesis project as well as in biomedical microelectromechanical ... and as a non-toxic exterior for medical implants. In most applications a coating of less than 5 micrometres (0.00020 in) is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_nitride

... cochlear implants, neuro-stimulators, neuro-sensors and crowns, bridges, abutments and implants for dental applications. The ... Mines Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Newsletter, Fall 2022, p 6. W.G. Coors, "Electrode/electrolyte interface ... G. Avery, "CoorsTek Medical enters the U.S. hip implant market, plans expansion," Denver Business Journal, 3 Mar 2016. J. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CoorsTek

An exception to this is placement of electrodes on the outer surface of the heart (called epicardial electrodes). Otherwise, ... This device is implanted into the pulmonary artery to permit real-time measurement of the pulmonary artery pressure over time.[ ... Typically, these devices are placed in the left upper chest and enter the left subclavian vein and electrodes are placed in the ... Catheters come in numerous shapes, lengths, diameters, number of lumens, and other special features such as electrodes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_catheterization

... through implanted electrodes, to specific targets in the brain (the brain nucleus) for the treatment of movement disorders, ... a thin lead with multiple electrodes is implanted in the globus pallidus, nucleus ventralis intermedius thalami, or subthalamic ... described a new technique that allows for simultaneous implants of electrodes called bilateral stereotactic procedure for DBS. ... "FDA approves brain implant to help reduce Parkinson's disease and essential tremor symptoms". FDA. Retrieved May 23, 2016. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_brain_stimulation

In December 2020 they published results of their significant study implanting electrodes into macaque monkeys. Shapes of ... "Brain implant beams images into monkey brains". The Naked Scientists. 8 December 2020. Retrieved 31 March 2021. (Infoboxes ... multi-electrode recording systems. The institute also hosts a large mechanical workshop, which provides technical support to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherlands_Institute_for_Neuroscience

Recordings of brain activity can be made using electrodes, either glued to the scalp as in EEG studies, or implanted inside the ... along with recordings made from electrodes implanted inside the brains of animals such as rats, show that the brain of a living ... in cases where there was a medical necessity to implant electrodes to localize the brain area responsible for epileptic ... In animal studies, most commonly involving rats, it is possible to use electrodes or locally injected chemicals to produce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Unlike deep brain stimulation or Vagus nerve stimulation, which use implants and electrical impulses, TPU is a noninvasive and ... focused procedure that does not require the implantation of electrodes that could damage the nervous tissue. Its use is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcranial_pulsed_ultrasound

... with a high voltage electrode wrapped around the outside. There can also be a grounded electrode wrapped around the outside of ... These plasma-generated active species are useful for several bio-medical applications such as sterilization of implants and ... Designs that do not use a dielectric to limit the current use a high voltage pin electrode at the center of the quartz tube. ... One type of design that does not use a dielectric to limit the current is two planar electrodes with a gas flow running between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_medicine

This technique uses different types of electrodes for recording systems such as needle electrodes and saline-based electrodes. ... inhibition is instigated upon stimulation by the appropriate frequency of light delivered via fiber optics or implanted LEDs in ... Single-unit recording - A method whereby an electrode is introduced into the brain of a living animal to detect electrical ... Multielectrode recording - The use of a bundle of fine electrodes to record the simultaneous activity of up to hundreds of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience

Electrodes that can detect electrical activity from inside the heart are also inserted, and the electrophysiologist uses these ... and to implant a pacemaker instead. This "ablate and pace" technique has an important place in the treatment of AF< as it is ... The energy emitting probe (electrode) is placed into the heart through a catheter inserted into veins in the groin or neck. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_atrial_fibrillation

Félicette had electrodes implanted into her brain, and the recorded neural impulses were transmitted back to Earth. After two ... Monkeys were implanted with sensors to measure vital signs, and many were under anesthesia during launch. The death rate among ... while undergoing surgery to remove an infected medical electrode. Baker was the center of media attention for the next several ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animals_in_space

The patients had diagnostic electrodes implanted in their hippocampus and then used a computer to move around in a virtual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus

Graphene electrodes in the body are significantly more stable than electrodes of tungsten or silicon because of properties such ... implantable medical sensor microarrays were announced that allow the viewing of brain tissue hidden by implants. Optical ... Graphene can be assembled into a film electrode with low roughness. These films must be made thicker than one atomic layer to ... This creates possibilities for flexible electrodes for microscale Li-ion batteries, where the anode acts as the active material ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_applications_of_graphene

This motivated Clark to develop the oxygen electrode. The electrode, when implanted in vivo, will reduce oxygen and thus ... This sensor used a single Clark oxygen electrode coupled with a counter-electrode. As with the Clark electrode, a permselective ... The Clark electrode is an electrode that measures ambient oxygen partial pressure in a liquid using a catalytic platinum ... Increasing the voltage applied (between the Pt electrode and a second Ag electrode) will increase the rate of electrocatalysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_electrode

Vigorous vibration or electrical stimulation of the stump, or current from electrodes surgically implanted onto the spinal cord ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain

... methods of neurostimulation and certain forms of nerve stimulation such as spinal cord stimulation use implanted electrodes ... The neural dust motes consist of a pair of recording electrodes, a custom transistor, and a piezoelectric sensor. The ... Some examples of neural prostheses include cochlear implants that can aid in restoring hearing, artificial silicon retina ... ECoG Implant". IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits. 50 (1): 344-359. doi:10.1109/jssc.2014.2364824. ISSN 0018-9200. Kiourti, A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_dust

... this is implanted typically under the skin in the left upper chest. The second part of the system is an electrode wire or wires ... Congestive heart failure patients that were implanted with an ICD had an all-cause death risk 23% lower than placebo and an ... This population accounts for the bulk of all ICD implants. There are a multitude of guideline indications for ICD use in ... Lown, B; Axelrod, P (October 1972). "Implanted standby defibrillators". Circulation. 46 (4): 637-9. doi:10.1161/01.cir.46.4.637 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implantable_cardioverter-defibrillator

implanted monkeys with a scleral search coil for monitoring eye position while simultaneously recording single neuron ... Neuron activation were then recorded using the surgically inserted micro electrodes. These single neuron activation for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_object_recognition_(animal_test)

... or just pacemaker is an implanted medical device that generates electrical impulses delivered by electrodes to the chambers of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiac_pacemaker

However, the use of an induced field created by remote electrodes allows discontinuous areas on an insulating substrate to be ... the electrochemical approach makes it easier to preserve the thin film of less damaged diamond lying above the implant range, ... While not citing Marchywka et al.'s original paper, these continue to cite non-contactedness as a feature, "The electrode ... The Marchywka effect refers to electrochemical cleaning of diamond using an electric field induced with remote electrodes. It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marchywka_effect

... with head electrodes or direct implants. He also explores possible entertainment applications of brain implants such as the " ... That is, an electrode array built onto a self-expanding stent, implanted into the brain via cerebral angiography. This pathway ... Pulp fiction with implants or brain implants include the novel series Typers, film Spider-Man 2, the TV series Earth: Final ... Nearly all implants require open brain surgery, but, in 2019, a company called Synchron was able to successfully implant a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_implant

... or electrode implants and human growth hormone. It can be familial (fCJD); or it may appear without clear risk factors ( ... In 1977, CJD transmission caused by silver electrodes previously used in the brain of a person with CJD was first reported. ... Transmission occurred despite the decontamination of the electrodes with ethanol and formaldehyde. Retrospective studies ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creutzfeldt–Jakob_disease

As of 2006[update], 16 blind people worldwide have had sight partially restored in a procedure where electrodes implanted in ... He had micro-implants in his eyes, allowing him to see without wearing his visor. However, Kim and Chakotay succeed in their ... The sensors are located on the convex side, that covers the eyes and attaches at small input jacks implanted in the temples. ... This diagnosis proved correct; La Forge again wears the implants in Star Trek: Nemesis. During the non-canon events of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geordi_La_Forge

Jose Delgado invented the first electrode that was implanted in an animal's brain, using it to make it run and change direction ... History of electrodes in the brain: In 1878 Richard Caton discovered that electrical signals transmitted through an animal's ... There was not much advancement in neurosurgery until late 19th early 20th century, when electrodes were placed on the brain and ... In 1972 the cochlear implant, a neurological prosthetic that allowed deaf people to hear was marketed for commercial use. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_neurology_and_neurosurgery

Low-fouling surfaces (for example, very smooth, implanted with ions, or of low surface energy like Teflon) are an option for ... Spark plug electrodes in cars - engine misfiring; Production zone of petroleum reservoirs and oil wells - decreased petroleum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fouling

... arms and legs thanks to research that demonstrates how limbs can be controlled via a tiny array of implanted electrodes. ... Tags: Brain, Brain Implant, Central Nervous System, Diagnostic, Electrode, Electromyogram, Fatigue, Muscle, Nerve, Nervous ... Research shows how paralyzed limbs can be controlled via implanted electrodes. *Download PDF Copy ... smartphone-sized control box that would deliver impulses to implanted electrodes in his or her peripheral nervous system, thus ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20161123/Research-shows-how-paralyzed-limbs-can-be-controlled-via-implanted-electrodes.aspx

Injectable, Flexible Electrode Could Replace Rigid Nerve-Stimulating Implants. By electrically stimulating nerves, this therapy ... Anatomy Composite materials Composites Implants & Prosthetics Materials Materials properties Medical Medical equipment and ... making the whole setup less expensive and more adaptable compared to traditional implanted electrodes. ... Typical implants are stiff, so as the body moves, they wear and tear and break down. The liquid cures, so the result is much ...

https://www.techbriefs.com/component/content/article/tb/pub/briefs/bio-medical/45544?r=38577

Elon Musk, very normal non-supervillain, starts company to implant electrodes in your brain. By Chris Mills ... Neuralinks aim, according to the WSJs sources, is to implant tiny electrodes in the brain that may allow for two-way ...

https://bgr.com/tech/elon-musk-neuralink-supervillain-hmm-maybe/

Predicting Cochlear Implant Electrode Placement Using Monopolar, Three-Point and Four-Point Impedance Measurements. * July 29, ... In cochlear implant (CI) recipients, positioning the electrode array close to the cochleas inner wall (the modiolus), housing ... Ideally, electrode positioning would be assessed continuously during electrode array insertion such that the surgeon can take ... Predicting Cochlear Implant Electrode Placement Using Monopolar, Three-Point and Four-Point Impedance Measurements https://www. ...

https://www.embs.org/tbme/articles/predicting-cochlear-implant-electrode-placement-using-monopolar-three-point-and-four-point-impedance-measurements/

Data from: Investigation of the effect of cochlear implant electrode length on speech comprehension in quiet and noise compared ... Methods: 91 adults with some degree of residual hearing were implanted with a FLEX20, FLEX24, or FLEX28 electrode. Some ... Objectives: This investigation evaluated the effect of cochlear implant (CI) electrode length on speech comprehension in quiet ... EAS subjects using FLEX20 or FLEX24 electrodes outscored ES-only subjects with the same short electrodes on all 3 tests at each ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.vn269

Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults. Fiona Stewart, Orsi L. F. Gameiro, ... To determine the effectiveness of: ES with non-implanted electrodes compared with placebo or any other active treatment for OAB ... Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults. / Stewart, Fiona; Gameiro, Orsi L. F.; ... Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews ...

https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/electrical-stimulation-with-non-implanted-electrodes-for-overacti

The present 26-electrode cochlear implant has already helped to lower the price of cochlear implantation in China and will ... To help overcome these limitations, a 26-electrode cochlear implant has been developed to receive Chinas Food and Drug ... The objective measures show that electrode impedance decreased within the first month of device use, but was stable until a ... Although the cochlear implant has been widely acknowledged as the most successful neural prosthesis, only a fraction of hearing ...

https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5hf8g668

... was given the chance to walk again with the amazing use of electrodes implanted ... was given the chance to walk again with the amazing use of electrodes implanted into his spine. This implanted targeted ... Man Who Lost the Use of His Legs Regains the Ability to Walk Due to Electrodes Implanted Into His Spine. *. November 1, 2018. ... Researchers have helped three patients with spinal cord injuries to walk again by implanting electrodes onto their spines and ...

https://laughingsquid.com/man-walks-again-due-to-electrodes-implanted-into-spine/

... Academic Article ... We have investigated a heating technique for deep-seated neoplasms that employs an internal implanted electrode and an external ... The internal electrode consists of an array of stainless steel needles or wires which define a Faraday cage within the tumor, ... The heating may extend some centimeters outside the electrode. Using a dog model we have shown that with such a treatment ...

http://dgivan.dental.uab.edu/display/pub1234735

Electrodes, Implanted * Female * Follow-Up Studies * Globus Pallidus / physiopathology * Humans * Levodopa / adverse effects ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15975946/?dopt=Abstract

AirRay Cuff electrodes make contact with peripheral nerves. These can also be very finely structured, so that the electrodes ... In a short video we have compiled a few tips around the implantation of Cuff electrodes - in this case especially for the ° ... Martin Schüttler demonstrates in the tutorial how the nerve is exposed, the cuff is prepared and finally implanted. The ...

https://www.cortec-neuro.com/story/how-to-implant-airray-tunnel-cuff-electrodes/

Implanted loop recorders. This is a small monitor that is implanted under the skin on the chest. It can be left in place to ... However, the adhesive of the electrode patches may irritate your skin. This goes away on its own once you remove the patches. ... Loop memory monitor. The electrodes remain attached to your chest, and the monitor constantly records, but does not save, your ... Each type of monitor is slightly different, but most have sensors (called electrodes) to record your ECG. In some models, these ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007700.htm

Ultra Cochlear Implant Family & HiRes 90K™ Advantage Implants. ... The HiRes Ultra implant offers two electrode designs, the ... Considerations for design of future cochlear implant electrode arrays: Electrode array stiffness, size, and depth of insertion ... HiRes Ultra Cochlear Implant. The HiRes™ Ultra cochlear implant was developed in collaboration with leading cochlear implant ... Allows for ease of handling and insertion of the electrode.. 3 Gentle electrode curvature. Ensures electrode movement in the ...

https://www.advancedbionics.com/us/en/home/professionals/ci-internal-components.html

The post Carbon fiber brain-implant electrodes show promise in animal study appeared first on Engineering Research News. ... Material and size designed to give electrodes a chance to operate in the body for years. ...

https://majors.engin.umich.edu/carbon-fiber-brain-implant-electrodes-show-promise-in-animal-study/

... Chengyuan Wu, MD1, Ashwini S ... This retrospective cohort study included patients implanted with a 5-column electrode (St. Jude Medical). Sixteen patients ... This retrospective cohort study included patients implanted with a 5-column electrode (St. Jude Medical). Sixteen patients ... The 5-column electrode has improved our ability to cover complex distributions of pain - largely in part to electrode ...

http://world-sci.com/read.aspx?id=879

Electrical stimulation with non-implanted electrodes for overactive bladder in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Dec 9. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/459340-98777/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-anticholinergics-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-overactive-bladder

Cochlear implants can help many kids with severe hearing loss. Find out how they work and who can get them. ... Sound quality from a cochlear implant is different from that in normal hearing. Thats because a limited number of electrodes ... How Do Cochlear Implants Work?. Cochlear implants have:. *A microphone and speech processor that sit outside the body. The ... What Are Cochlear Implants?. A cochlear implant is a surgically placed device that helps a person with severe hearing loss hear ...

https://www.kidshealth.org/DevosChildrens/en/parents/cochlear.html?WT.ac=p-ra

Cochlear Implant Electrode Misplaced in the Carotid Canal. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;133(8):827-829. doi:10.1001/ ... Herein, we report a rare complication involving injury to the carotid canal that was caused by an electrode during cochlear ... An intraoperative or postoperative radiograph should be obtained to confirm the correct positioning of the electrode. ...

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamaotolaryngology/article-abstract/484794

5.3 Cochlear Implants. *5.4 Cochlea Electrode Arrays. *5.5 Speech Coding. *5.6 Cochlear Implant Systems ... including retinal implants, glucose biosensors, cochlear implants, pacemakers, electrical stimulation therapy devices, and much ... 1.12 Boston Retinal Implant Project: Bionic Eye Technologies, Inc. and Visus Technologies, Inc. ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/implantable-electronic-medical-devices/fitzpatrick/978-0-12-416556-4

Automatic Cochlear Duct Length Estimation for Selection of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays. Otology and Neurotology. 2017 Mar ... Automatic Cochlear Duct Length Estimation for Selection of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays. In: Otology and Neurotology. 2017 ... Automatic Cochlear Duct Length Estimation for Selection of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays. / Rivas, Alejandro; Cakir, Ahmet ... Dive into the research topics of Automatic Cochlear Duct Length Estimation for Selection of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays ...

https://utsouthwestern.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/automatic-cochlear-duct-length-estimation-for-selection-of-cochle

Stimulation of the Human Lumbar Spinal Cord With Implanted and Surface Electrodes: A Computer Simulation Study. *J. Ladenbauer ... The activating function is discussed for monopolar electrodes but the principle can be extended to arbitrary configurations of ... electrodes and the activity of the axon depends on the second space derivative of the extracellular medium.. Expand. ... of the computed recruitment order of an ensemble of ventral and dorsal root fibers shows a strong relation between electrode ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Theoretical-model-of-external-spinal-cord-Shneider-Pekker/cc7d764aabfbaafebc43048b77c549b8fb9f0b0c

Categories: Electrodes, Implanted Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...

https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Electrodes,+Implanted&parentid=9228&catid=9230

Cochlear Implants and Meningitis Vaccination: Fact Sheet for General Public ... Histologic evaluation of the tissue seal and biologic response around cochlear implant electrodes in the human. Otol Neurotol. ... People with cochlear implants are more likely to get bacterial meningitis than people without cochlear implants. In addition, ... Cochlear implants in children: surgical site infections and prevention and treatment of acute otitis media and meningitis. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/mening/hcp/dis-cochlear-gen.html

Two electrode bundles were implanted bilaterally in OFC of each rat. Each electrode bundle consisted of 16 single wires. b, The ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-03061-2?error=cookies_not_supported&code=7e1854c0-a239-49e7-a450-7e779184ab29

... about implanted electrodes;...hostility ..in the press and lost him financial support for implanted electrodes...has made ... not merely for implanted electrodes, but...So much for implanted electrodes. They are here to stay. Through them we will record ... Percival Bailey, who was one of the first to implant electrodes keeps his copy of the Popes letter in his desk. In Boston Jim ... electrical stimulation of specific areas of the brain by implanted electrodes. Among other things, experiments showed that ...

https://bibliotecapleyades.net/ciencia/ciencia_secretdiscovery_codebrain.htm

The Effect of Advanced Age on the Electrode-Neuron Interface in Cochlear Implant Users. Ear Hear 2021 Dec 21. pii: 00003446- ...

https://m.amedeo.com/34935648

Ultrathin and compliant electrodes are essential for flexible electronic parts. When it comes to medical implants, the ... Active Implants: How Gold Binds to Silicone Rubber. Flexible electronics parts could greatly improve implants. ... For this purpose, the silicone membranes are sandwiched between electrodes. The relatively soft silicone then deforms according ... These new nanometer-thin silicone membranes with ultrathin gold electrodes allow operation through conventional batteries. To ...

https://www.medicaldesignbriefs.com/component/content/article/mdb/pub/briefs/27323

... but remains a challenge due to implants inability to record neural activity precisely. ... Neuroprosthetics are implants that contain an arrangement of multi-contact electrodes capable of substituting for certain nerve ... Neuroprosthetics are implants that contain an arrangement of multi-contact electrodes capable of substituting for certain nerve ... "Our brain sends and receives millions of nerve impulses, but we typically implant only about a dozen electrodes in patients. ...

https://lifeboat.com/blog/2018/11/nerve-on-a-chip-makes-neuroprosthetics-possible

A brain implant that decodes intention to move has allowed a man paralysed from the neck down to control a robotic arm with ... Each contained electrodes that recorded the activity of hundreds of individual neurons. "We werent actually sure what we would ... Brain implant allows paralysed man to sip a beer at his own pace. ... A brain implant that can decode what someone wants to do has allowed a man paralysed from the neck down to control a robotic ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn27580-brain-implant-allows-paralysed-man-to-sip-a-beer-at-his-own-pace/

Rats chronically implanted with multi-electrode arrays into PFC and AMY were submitted to triadic learned helplessness model. ...

https://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17140/tde-27052019-150114/pt-br.php

Neuralink's aim, according to the WSJ 's sources , is to implant tiny electrodes in the brain that may allow for two-way interfacing with computers, allowing users to "one day upload and download thoughts. (bgr.com)
Hence the attempts to use a set of tiny electrodes that bypass these cells and send their electrical impulses direct to the ganglion cells-the layer of retinal cells behind the rods and cones. (economist.com)
By implanting tiny electrodes in rats' brains, scientists can command the rats to turn left or right, climb trees, navigate mazes, and, in some cases, stage dramatic light saber duels while dressed as tiny Star Wars characters. (nedhickson.com)

Under software control, the 16 independent current sources of the AB implant can steer stimulation to 120 separate locations along the cochlea, thereby increasing the amount of frequency information that can be delivered 2 . (advancedbionics.com)
Cochlear implants bypass damaged parts of the cochlea to stimulate the auditory nerve directly. (kidshealth.org)
It sends electrical impulses by a thin wire to electrodes placed in the cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
That's because a limited number of electrodes take over the work of the thousands of hair cells in a normal cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
Threads the wires with the electrodes into the spirals of the cochlea. (kidshealth.org)
Background: CI electrode array selection can be influenced by measuring the CDL, which is estimated based on the length of the line that connects the round window and the lateral wall of the cochlea when passing through the modiolus. (elsevier.com)
To do this, they are calling on the same tricks that were used to create a successful cochlea implant-a device which, in response to sound waves, uses electrical impulses to stimulate nerve cells in the inner ear. (economist.com)
In theory, an electric retina could function in a similar fashion as a cochlea implant. (economist.com)
A transmitter sends sound signals to a receiver and stimulator implanted under the skin, which stimulate the auditory nerve with electrodes that have been placed in the cochlea. (mayoclinic.org)
The receiver sends the signals to electrodes implanted in the snail-shaped inner ear (cochlea). (mayoclinic.org)
slip a small group of electrodes or wires that are all kind of bundled together, and they follow the natural curvature of the cochlea. (mayoclinic.org)
The device sends a tiny current via the electrodes to the cochlea and then to the brain. (mayoclinic.org)
The implant is a neural stimulator with an electrode array surgically placed near the auditory nerve fibers in the scala tympani of the cochlea. (cdc.gov)
Most meningitis cases were associated with an implant with a positioner, a silastic wedge inserted next to the implanted electrode in the cochlea to position the electrode closer to the cochlear nerve endings and thus facilitate electrical signal transmission. (cdc.gov)

The HiRes family of cochlear implant was designed to deliver all of the loudness, pitch, and timing information that is essential for natural sound perception and appreciation of music: it automatically encodes the widest range of intensities (up to 80 decibels), it is capable of delivering frequency information to 120 cochlear places using a patented delivery method called current steering, and it provides up to 83,000 pulses per second 1 . (advancedbionics.com)
When Bush or McGlynn walks, he pushes a button on an external controller, which sends signals to a pulse generator, which then sends electrical pulses to the electrodes. (newswise.com)
The electrodes create electric pulses that interrupt abnormal signals the brain may receive, causing symptoms of a disease such as tremors or movement difficulties. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
Could electrode 'pulses' cut back, leg pain without drugs? (healthproblemsnews.com)
The study, of 20 patients with stubborn low back pain, tested the effects of implanting electrodes near the spinal cord to stimulate it with "ultra-low" frequency electrical pulses. (healthproblemsnews.com)
This is an advanced pain procedure to either place opioids/ local anaesthetic in the spinal cord (usually for terminal pain) or have electrodes generating pulses to change the way the spinal cord interprets pain signals. (affinitypain.com)
This involves a single-use electrode patch stuck to the forehead, which sends small electrical pulses through the skin during sleep. (bvsalud.org)

In cochlear implant (CI) recipients, positioning the electrode array close to the cochlea's inner wall (the modiolus), housing the auditory nerve, increases frequency selectivity and thereby improves hearing outcomes. (embs.org)

A cochlear implant is a surgically placed device that helps a person with severe hearing loss hear sounds. (kidshealth.org)
The 60-electrode array, part of the implant, is surgically placed in the back of the patient's eye, connecting it to the retina's remaining neurons. (ieee.org)
A cochlear implant is an electronic device that is surgically placed in the ears for producing useful hearing sensations. (imarcgroup.com)

Patients with spinal cord injuries might one day regain use of paralyzed arms and legs thanks to research that demonstrates how limbs can be controlled via a tiny array of implanted electrodes. (news-medical.net)
Researchers have helped three patients with spinal cord injuries to walk again by implanting electrodes onto their spines and stimulating their legs at precise moments during their stride. (laughingsquid.com)
All nine rapidly regained the ability to stand and walk with the help of implants that electrically stimulate spinal nerves that control lower-body movement. (medicinenet.com)
EES involves implanting electrodes that deliver electrical currents to neurons in the spinal cord. (medicinenet.com)
They have developed, for example, electrodes that precisely target the 'dorsal root' regions of the spinal cord that control leg and trunk movement. (medicinenet.com)
An implantable spinal cord stimulator delivers small electrical signals through a lead implanted in the epidural space. (medtronic.com)
Doctors implant a pulse generator that delivers an electrical pulse to the spinal cord. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
Spinal cord stimulators are implanted in the back using sedation and local anesthesia. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
If it works, however, a permanent spinal cord stimulator is implanted under the abdominal skin with wires passed around to the back and inserted in the spinal cord. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
One can get scar tissue formation where the electrode is inserted into the spinal cord. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
In addition, infection can occur after the surgery and the spinal cord fluid can leak around the electrode causing a spinal headache. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)
Much of my PhD work aimed to restore walking in a model of spinal cord injury using a spinal cord implant and machine learning. (ashleydalrymple.com)
I have experience with intraspinal microstimulation in the lumbar spinal cord, cochlear implants with various electrode coating materials, nerve cuffs, and injectable electrodes. (ashleydalrymple.com)

To detect seizures, they implanted electrodes into the rats' brains. (technologyreview.com)
He placed deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes into the brains of more than 54 patients. (wikipedia.org)
The MGH team proceeded to show that these microcoils could safely be implanted into the brains of anesthetized mice. (medicalnewsobserver.com)
The first half of this project involves implanting stimulation electrodes into the brains of mice, and looking for the changes in neuron firing as well as brain rhythms that result from stimulating particular areas of the brain. (edu.au)

Rats chronically implanted with multi-electrode arrays into PFC and AMY were submitted to triadic learned helplessness model. (usp.br)
For their studies, He and his team designed an assembly that included an ultrasound transducer and a device that records data from neuron signals, called a multi-electrode array. (technologynetworks.com)
They simultaneously recorded the change in electrophysiological signals from different neuron types with the multi-electrode array. (technologynetworks.com)

The electrodes stimulate the auditory nerve. (kidshealth.org)

Deep brain stimulation involves the implantation of electrodes in the brain. (philpapers.org)
The science involves three electrodes, implanted at specific locations in the brain, which are then triggered by a remote device which produces controlled responses in the rat. (nedhickson.com)
According to the Mayo Clinic , this procedure involves temporarily inserting a balloon into the artery to increase blood flow, followed by implanting a permanent mesh tube (or stent) in the artery to keep it open 5 . (healthfully.com)
6 . EPs review the results of various tests that may be ordered by a cardiologist, including a stress test (which monitors how the heart reacts during exercise), an echocardiogram (which uses sound waves to show images of the heart's structure and how it functions) and an electrocardiogram (which involves placing electrodes on the chest in order to record the heart's electrical activity) 2 . (healthfully.com)
As placement of any implants in the body is a commitment, the process usually involves careful discussion prior to the procedure. (affinitypain.com)

Each contained electrodes that recorded the activity of hundreds of individual neurons. (newscientist.com)
The implants have multiple electrodes that stimulate neurons in the brain's vision cortex. (wgntv.com)
For instance, a person with paralysis could use an implanted BCI that is hooked up to specific neurons to regain exact handle of a limb. (thekickassgame.com)
But it had been believed that magnetic coils strong enough to activate neurons would be too large to be implanted within the brain's cortex. (medicalnewsobserver.com)
The novel coil they designed, while similar to the size of electrodes used for brain stimulation, was able to generate magnetic fields in excess of the thresholds required to activate neurons. (medicalnewsobserver.com)
Electric fields most effectively activate neurons when they are oriented along the length of nerve cells, but most implantable electrodes generate fields that spread uniformly in all directions. (medicalnewsobserver.com)
These experiments proved that implanted coils can be used to drive responses associated with the targeted neurons. (medicalnewsobserver.com)

Some ideas "might emerge immediately from knowing new targets to insert deep brain stimulation electrodes," a type of device already used to help people with epilepsy, Boyden says. (technologyreview.com)

All BTBI experiments described below were conducted in awake, behaving rats chronically implanted with cortical microelectrode arrays capable of both neuronal ensemble recordings and intracortical microstimulation 16 . (cdc.gov)

05-JAN-20] The Implantable Sensor with Lamp (A3030) contains a wireless EEG monitor and a radio-controlled stimulator for implanted light-emitting diodes (LEDs). (opensourceinstruments.com)
Along with prescribing medicine, these specialists can also treat arrhythmias by either implanting a device in the body that's designed to reset or control the heart (like a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator) or performing a procedure that will have the same effect (such as a defibrillation, a technique that delivers a controlled electric shock to the heart). (healthfully.com)

Unlike hearing aids, which amplify sound, a cochlear implant bypasses damaged portions of the ear to deliver sound signals to the hearing (auditory) nerve. (mayoclinic.org)

Monaural chinchillas had electrodes implanted in the inferior colliculus. (cdc.gov)
Chronic electrodes were then implanted near the inferior colliculus for single ended near field recording of the evoked potential. (cdc.gov)

Physicians were stimulating the patient's occipital lobe-the brain's vision center-with electrodes, hoping to determine whether that part of the brain caused seizures. (ieee.org)
The most frequently reported problems following the surgery to implant a neurostimulation system include infection, lead movement, pain at the implant site, loss of therapy effect, and therapy that did not meet the patient's expectations. (medtronic.com)
However, the Orion system transmits those signals directly to an array of electrodes implanted on the surface of a patient's visual cortex - thus by-passing both the eye and the optic nerve, and the effects of diseases that have damaged them. (optics.org)
As part of the treatment, doctors had temporarily implanted electrodes in the patient's brain. (kpbs.org)
When we don't know exactly where a patient's seizures are coming from, we surgically implant electrodes in and around the brain. (medlineplus.gov)

1.12 Boston Retinal Implant Project: Bionic Eye Technologies, Inc. and Visus Technologies, Inc. (elsevier.com)
John Wyatt and Joseph Rizzo, co-directors of the Harvard/ MIT retinal implant project, have managed to help a patient see a line of four dots. (economist.com)

People with cochlear implants are more likely to get bacterial meningitis than people without cochlear implants. (cdc.gov)
The bacteria Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) causes most cases of meningitis in people with cochlear implants. (cdc.gov)
There is no evidence people with cochlear implants are more likely to get Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) meningitis or meningococcal meningitis than people who do not have cochlear implants. (cdc.gov)
Within 3 to 6 months of use, most people with cochlear implants make considerable gains in understanding speech. (mayoclinic.org)

Putting sensors in a person's brain, either by deep brain implant or just inside the cranium, is another way to crack the intent code. (news-medical.net)
The post Carbon fiber brain-implant electrodes show promise in animal study appeared first on Engineering Research News . (umich.edu)
Our brain sends and receives millions of nerve impulses, but we typically implant only about a dozen electrodes in patients. (lifeboat.com)
However, Huguenard says, an optogenetics-based brain implant to control seizures is a long way off because of the unknown risks of altering a person's DNA with a virus. (technologyreview.com)
A brain implant that can decode what someone wants to do has allowed a man paralysed from the neck down to control a robotic arm with unprecedented fluidity - and enjoy a beer at his own pace. (newscientist.com)
People with similar injuries have previously controlled prosthetic limbs using implants placed in their motor cortex - an area of the brain responsible for the mechanics of movement. (newscientist.com)
Richard Andersen at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena and his colleagues hoped they could achieve a more fluid movement by placing an implant in the posterior parietal cortex - a part of the brain involved in planning motor movements. (newscientist.com)
A drawing showing the electrode array on the subject's brain, including which parts of the brain control each finger. (livescience.com)
Doctors surgically implanted electrodes into the man's brain to track his seizures. (livescience.com)
That was no easy feat. A neurosurgeon carefully placed an array of 128 electrode sensors - all on a rectangular film the size of a business card - on the region of the man's brain that controls hand and arm movements . (livescience.com)
The electrodes used to measure brain activity in this study gave us better resolution of a large region of cortex than anything we've used before and allowed for more precise spatial mapping in the brain," said Guy Hotson, a graduate student and lead author of the study. (livescience.com)
The electrodes are implanted on the brain. (theness.com)
[29] [18] The patient, who had been arrested for marijuana possession, was implanted with electrodes into the septal region (associated with feelings of pleasure), and many other parts of his brain. (wikipedia.org)
Details of the study were presented at the fifth annual BRAIN Initiative Investigators Meeting, held in Washington, DC, a month ago, with the company saying that the first five patients to receive implants had been rated to have received "positive" or "mild" benefits six months after the treatment. (optics.org)
These electrodes give a continuous electrical pulse to the brain area in which they are implanted. (philpapers.org)
Me, Myself and My Brain Implant: Deep Brain Stimulation Raises Questions of Personal Authenticity and Alienation. (philpapers.org)
Think of the system as a prosthesis aid for vision implanted directly into the brain. (wgntv.com)
Scientists in Germany observed a paralyzed man fully communicate through electrodes implanted in his brain, opening the door to new possibilities for how to treat these patients. (medicaldaily.com)
The 128 μLEDs and 256 recording electrodes on the hectoSTAR probe allow neuroscientists to track interactions across different regions of the brain. (medicalxpress.com)
Normally, BCIs link to the brain in two methods: by means of implanted or wearable devices (see fig. 2). (thekickassgame.com)
Some implanted BCIs cut down possibility by positioning electrodes on the area of the brain, a process named electrocorticography (ECoG). (thekickassgame.com)
DBS is a surgical procedure where a doctor places electrodes on a specific area of a person's brain. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
The electrodes in the brain connect to wires to an electric generator - similar to a heart pacemaker - implanted under a person's collarbone. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
We could demonstrate that electrodes were placed differently in the top-responding participants - namely, in cases in which a specific bundle in the brain was modulated, the treatment had the strongest effects," he said. (beyondfitnessforever.com)
The environment within the brain can erode a metal electrode over time, and the brain's natural foreign-body response can lead to scarring, which can impede passage of electrical fields. (medicalnewsobserver.com)
These electrodes record brain activity for a week or two. (medlineplus.gov)

Herein, we report a rare complication involving injury to the carotid canal that was caused by an electrode during cochlear implantation in a child. (jamanetwork.com)

Hypothesis: Cochlear duct length (CDL) can be automatically measured for custom selection of cochlear implant (CI) electrode arrays. (elsevier.com)

Thanks to specific electrodes being able to activate the right nerve fibers at the right times, the controller made the cat's ankle muscles work in a smooth, fatigue-resistant way. (news-medical.net)
Then they can use a basic transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit to stimulate the nerve from the surface of the skin, making the whole setup less expensive and more adaptable compared to traditional implanted electrodes. (techbriefs.com)
Our CTO and CEO Dr. Martin Schüttler demonstrates in the tutorial how the nerve is exposed, the cuff is prepared and finally implanted. (cortec-neuro.com)
Neuroprosthetics are implants that contain an arrangement of multi-contact electrodes capable of substituting for certain nerve functionalities in the human body. (lifeboat.com)
It is implanted in the inner ear of individuals with severe to profound nerve deafness. (imarcgroup.com)
The ability to avoid activation of passing nerve fibers prevents the spread of activation that typically occurs with electrodes, which can lead, for example, to the blurring of a visual image generated in response to stimulation of the visual cortex. (medicalnewsobserver.com)

The results suggest that someday a paralyzed person might be equipped with a wearable, smartphone-sized control box that would deliver impulses to implanted electrodes in his or her peripheral nervous system, thus enabling at least some level of movement. (news-medical.net)

All underwent surgery in 2020 to have the EES hardware implanted. (medicinenet.com)

In a short video we have compiled a few tips around the implantation of Cuff electrodes - in this case especially for the °AirRay Tunnel Cuff. (cortec-neuro.com)
Four subjects had electrocorticographic (ECoG) electrodes implanted over their primary motor cortex and were asked to perform reaching and retrieving tasks using the upper limb contralateral to the site of electrode implantation. (frontiersin.org)

I went in there and I could barely take two steps," said Bush, 42, who researchers believe is the world's first MS patient to "test-drive" an implanted FES system. (newswise.com)
The researchers hope these studies will lay the foundation for implanted systems that restore some independence to people with MS or who have suffered a stroke. (newswise.com)
Researchers connected the electrodes to the prosthesis, and asked the man to think about moving his fingers one at a time. (livescience.com)
Researchers at Ohio State University implanted electrodes on the motor cortex of a man with a mid cervical quadriplegia. (theness.com)
Researchers have already been able to implant electrodes in non-human primates and teach them to operate a robotic arm. (theness.com)
Researchers initially analyzed a wearable BCI in the early 1970s and implanted a BCI in a human for the initial time in the late 1990s. (thekickassgame.com)

If a person has a stimulator implanted, they are unable to have an MRI examination. (sacramentoinjuryattorneysblog.com)

This monitor does not use wires or electrodes. (medlineplus.gov)
Lead - A set of thin wires with a protective coating and electrodes near the tip (percutaneous lead) or on a paddle (surgical lead). (medtronic.com)

Although the cochlear implant has been widely acknowledged as the most successful neural prosthesis, only a fraction of hearing-impaired people who can potentially benefit from a cochlear implant have actually received one due to its limited awareness, accessibility, and affordability. (escholarship.org)
Second Sight , the Los Angeles company developing implants capable of restoring a degree of vision to the blind, is to focus almost entirely on its latest "Orion" prosthesis following what it describes as positive early results in a small-scale feasibility study . (optics.org)

I am currently working with injectable electrodes (Injectrodes TM ) for stimulation of the dorsal root ganglia for pain treatment. (ashleydalrymple.com)

Two other patients who had the ability to walk were also aided by this implant surgery. (laughingsquid.com)
This retrospective cohort study included patients implanted with a 5-column electrode (St. Jude Medical). (world-sci.com)
Manual cochleae length measurements are user-dependent, and errors impact upon the CI electrode array choice for certain patients. (elsevier.com)
The implants were paired with software that allows patients and physical therapists to set up semi-automated stimulation programs that enable a variety of movements. (medicinenet.com)
Baby Aida, like all patients who get cochlear implants, went through two steps. (mayoclinic.org)
Among the priorities for the new research team to focus their efforts on will be a significantly higher electrode count in the implant and new cortical array designs, which ought to translate to more detailed image perception for patients. (optics.org)

3,4,5 In fact, using psychoacoustic tests, some AB implant recipients can hear as many as 451 distinct pitches with current steering. (advancedbionics.com)
All Advanced Bionics recipients or their caregivers can be confident that the implant is functioning properly and that they can benefit from all features of our technology thanks to the proprietary Bidirectional Inductive Communication Link that relays information about the implant's functional status in real time back to the sound processor. (advancedbionics.com)
The HiRes™ Ultra and 90K Advantage cochlear implants exceed the industry standard for impact resistance 12, 13, 14 and allow recipients to participate in everyday activities and sports without worry. (advancedbionics.com)
Cochlear implant recipients have been documented as having a higher rate of postimplantation bacterial meningitis than a cohort of the same age in the general US population ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
Pediatric cochlear implant recipients were found to be at higher risk for developing bacterial meningitis than children in the general US population ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)

The processor captures sound signals and sends them to a receiver implanted under the skin behind the ear. (mayoclinic.org)
It takes time and training to learn to interpret the signals received from a cochlear implant. (mayoclinic.org)
Acoustic signals in the form of ultrasound offer a promising class of neuromodulation which would be an especially valuable approach because it is non-invasive-no surgical procedure to implant electrodes for stimulation is required. (technologynetworks.com)
Implanted BCIs measure signals instantly from the mind, minimizing interference from other tissue. (thekickassgame.com)
The electrodes within the headphones and ear buds are able to gather enough of these signals for a computer to isolate and process them to detect signs of tinnitus. (globalspec.com)

In this study, we introduced a protocol for "three-point impedances" in which bipolar impedances are recorded in response to monopolar stimulation at a neighboring electrode. (embs.org)
We assessed the usability of three-point impedances and two existing CI impedance measurement methods (monopolar and four-point impedances) for predicting electrode positioning during CI insertion. (embs.org)
In contrast, monopolar impedances were only minimally affected by changes in electrode positioning with respect to the modiolus. (embs.org)
The activating function is discussed for monopolar electrodes but the principle can be extended to arbitrary configurations of electrodes and the activity of the axon depends on the second space derivative of the extracellular medium. (semanticscholar.org)

The electrodes are connected to a pulse generator implanted in the abdomen. (medicinenet.com)

By minimizing cochlear disruption, HiFocus electrodes offer an increased opportunity for better hearing outcomes. (advancedbionics.com)
Conclusion: Choosing the best CI electrode array is an important task for optimizing hearing outcomes. (elsevier.com)

Electroencephalography - electrode plates attached to the scalp that upload the brain's electrical activity to a computer -- can be used as well. (news-medical.net)
To do so, measures of electrical impedance have come into view, as these can be made using the CI's electrodes and internal circuits. (embs.org)
Several options exist for managing overactive bladder (OAB), including electrical stimulation (ES) with non-implanted devices, conservative treatment and drugs. (elsevier.com)
Electrical stimulation with non-implanted devices aims to inhibit contractions of the detrusor muscle, potentially reducing urinary frequency and urgency. (elsevier.com)
The book groups devices with similar functionality into distinct chapters, looking at the latest design ideas and techniques in each area, including retinal implants, glucose biosensors, cochlear implants, pacemakers, electrical stimulation therapy devices, and much more. (elsevier.com)

Children over 2 years old with cochlear implants also should get the pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) to help protect against meningitis. (kidshealth.org)
CDC also recommends pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) for some people 2 years and older who have or are candidates for cochlear implants. (cdc.gov)

Simulation of the computed recruitment order of an ensemble of ventral and dorsal root fibers shows a strong relation between electrode position and the order of muscle twitches which is based on the segmental arrangement of innervation of lower limb muscles. (semanticscholar.org)

The implant together with the sound processor build a closed loop that ensure proper functioning of the system. (advancedbionics.com)
A cochlear implant uses a sound processor that you wear behind your ear. (mayoclinic.org)
Some types of cochlear implants have one external unit that has a speech processor, microphone and transmitter combined (lower left), while others have these as separate external parts (upper left and on right). (mayoclinic.org)
Cochlear implants use a sound processor that fits behind the ear. (mayoclinic.org)
The device consists of a microphone, speech processor, transmitter and an electrode array. (imarcgroup.com)

Light was passed through one or more LEDs, and the neuronal response was monitored by the recording electrodes. (medicalxpress.com)
Increasing the number of LEDs and electrodes by an order of magnitude took time. (medicalxpress.com)

it's known as the Utah Slanted Electrode Array, named for where it was developed and the angled look produced by the electrode rows' differing heights. (news-medical.net)
Ideally, electrode positioning would be assessed continuously during electrode array insertion such that the surgeon can take immediate corrective action. (embs.org)
Impedances were recorded during stepwise CI electrode array insertions in cadaveric human temporal bones. (embs.org)
Our results show that this can lead to a large number of cochleae for which a different electrode array type would be selected by different observers, depending on the specific threshold value of CDL used to decide between array type. (elsevier.com)

Surface electrodes have also been used in humans allowing for a basic level of computer control. (theness.com)
Next step: More light receptors and a softer surface to make the implant more comfortable. (nationalgeographic.com)
This report describes a method to fabricate high-surface-area boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes using so-called 'black silicon' (bSi) as a substrate. (bris.ac.uk)
We now show that coating a bSi surface composed of 15-μm-high needles conformably with BDD produces a robust electrochemical electrode with high sensitivity and high electroactive area. (bris.ac.uk)
However, the destruction of the tissues around implants sometimes occurs during the maintenance phase, resulting in the exposure of either the implant surface or previously osseointegrated screws. (bvsalud.org)
Characteristics of the components' surface can influence on the adhesion of bacteria to the implant. (bvsalud.org)
As a result of plaque accumulation, a lesion with a peri-implant bone defect can develop all around the implant, regardless of the surface characteristics. (bvsalud.org)

This implanted targeted neurotechnology doesn't necessarily cause movement, rather they amplify the message being sent within the body . (laughingsquid.com)

IMARC Group provides an analysis of the key trends in each sub-segment of the global cochlear implants market report, along with forecasts at the global and regional level from 2022-2027. (imarcgroup.com)

Methods: 91 adults with some degree of residual hearing were implanted with a FLEX20, FLEX24, or FLEX28 electrode. (datadryad.org)
We included randomised or quasi-randomised controlled trials of ES with non-implanted devices compared with any other treatment for OAB in adults. (elsevier.com)
The thin 4.5mm profi le and small footprint offers a discreet solution once implanted, making it suitable for both adults and children. (advancedbionics.com)
CDC recommends a pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13 or PCV15 for children and PCV15 or PCV20 for adults) for people who have or are candidates for cochlear implants. (cdc.gov)

I am interested in using implanted neural interfaces to restore function and improve lives. (ashleydalrymple.com)

The output from these electrodes was then connected to a sleeve over his right forearm that could electrically stimulate his muscles in specific patterns to produce useful movements, like grasping and releasing. (theness.com)

AirRay Cuff electrodes make contact with peripheral nerves. (cortec-neuro.com)
Stimulating nerves at the right place and the right time is essential for implementing effective treatments, but remains a challenge due to implants' inability to record neural activity precisely. (lifeboat.com)
The system includes implanted electrodes that tie into nerves that control muscles collectively, called hip and knee flexors and ankle dorsoflexors. (newswise.com)

When these electrodes registered a seizure starting, light from a laser was aimed directly at the genetically altered thalamus cells. (technologyreview.com)
These electrodes collect data on seizure activity. (medlineplus.gov)

Based on the results of the hectoSTAR electrode, Vöröslakos is running followup experiments, and is already asking for the next generations of the devices. (medicalxpress.com)

Each type of monitor is slightly different, but most have sensors (called electrodes) to record your ECG. (medlineplus.gov)
The area of skin where the electrodes will be attached will be cleaned with alcohol before the sensors are attached. (medlineplus.gov)
This turned the electrode sensors into the ultimate mind-reading machine. (livescience.com)

It remains to be seen how long these electrodes will function, if they will move, if scar tissue will form, or they will stop working for some other reason. (theness.com)

Flexible electronic parts could significantly improve medical implants. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)
When it comes to medical implants, the challenge lies in the selection of the materials, which must be biocompatible. (medicaldesignbriefs.com)

Anatomy7

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science1

Health Care4

Competitive mechanisms subserve attention in macaque areas V2 and V4. (1/2220)

Neural encoding in orbitofrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala during olfactory discrimination learning. (2/2220)

Physiological properties of raphe magnus neurons during sleep and waking. (3/2220)

MST neuronal responses to heading direction during pursuit eye movements. (4/2220)

Visuomotor processing as reflected in the directional discharge of premotor and primary motor cortex neurons. (5/2220)

Fatal outcome arising from use of a sutureless "corkscrew" epicardial pacing electrode inserted into apex of left ventricle. (6/2220)

Gating of transmission in climbing fibre paths to cerebellar cortical C1 and C3 zones in the rostral paramedian lobule during locomotion in the cat. (7/2220)

Effects of capsaicin pretreatment on expiratory laryngeal closure during pulmonary edema in lambs. (8/2220)

Electrodes

Electrodes, Implanted

Ion-Selective Electrodes

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Techniques

Microelectrodes

Potentiometry

Fluorocarbon Polymers

Graphite

Biosensing Techniques

Equipment Design

Electric Stimulation

Gold

Cochlear Implants

Conductometry

Cochlear Implantation

Electric Impedance

Enzymes, Immobilized

Carbon

Electroencephalography

Electricity

Electric Stimulation Therapy

Equipment Failure Analysis

Bioelectric Energy Sources

Deep Brain Stimulation

Action Potentials

Electromyography

Tin Compounds

Silver Compounds

Electrophysiology

Platinum

Dielectric Spectroscopy

Calibration

Subdural Space

Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Polyvinyl Chloride

Ferrocyanides

Glucose Oxidase

Nanotubes, Carbon

Electric Countershock

Scala Tympani

Electronics

Neural Prostheses

Electrolysis

Glass

Visual Prosthesis

Loudness Perception

Flow Injection Analysis

Evoked Potentials

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Polarography

Membranes, Artificial

Electronics, Medical

Deafness

Limit of Detection

Electroplating

Time Factors

Oxidation-Reduction

Stereotaxic Techniques

Silver

Electric Conductivity

Catheter Ablation

Iridium

Cats

Membrane Potentials

Electrophoresis, Microchip

Electric Power Supplies

Electroporation

Dogs

Surface Properties

Evoked Potentials, Auditory

Neurophysiology

Polymers

Subthalamic Nucleus

Reproducibility of Results

Nanowires

Diamond

Neurons

Electrochemotherapy

Solar Energy