Electrodes. Medical search

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

Surgically placed electric conductors through which ELECTRIC STIMULATION is delivered to or electrical activity is recorded from a specific point inside the body.

Electrodes which can be used to measure the concentration of particular ions in cells, tissues, or solutions.

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

The utilization of an electrical current to measure, analyze, or alter chemicals or chemical reactions in solution, cells, or tissues.

Electrodes with an extremely small tip, used in a voltage clamp or other apparatus to stimulate or record bioelectric potentials of single cells intracellularly or extracellularly. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Solution titration in which the end point is read from the electrode-potential variations with the concentrations of potential determining ions. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Electronic hearing devices typically used for patients with normal outer and middle ear function, but defective inner ear function. In the COCHLEA, the hair cells (HAIR CELLS, VESTIBULAR) may be absent or damaged but there are residual nerve fibers. The device electrically stimulates the COCHLEAR NERVE to create sound sensation.

Determination of the quantity of a material present in a mixture by measurement of its effect on the electrical conductivity of the mixture. (Webster, 3d ed)

Surgical insertion of an electronic hearing device (COCHLEAR IMPLANTS) with electrodes to the COCHLEAR NERVE in the inner ear to create sound sensation in patients with residual nerve fibers.

The resistance to the flow of either alternating or direct electrical current.

Enzymes which are immobilized on or in a variety of water-soluble or water-insoluble matrices with little or no loss of their catalytic activity. Since they can be reused continuously, immobilized enzymes have found wide application in the industrial, medical and research fields.

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

The physical effects involving the presence of electric charges at rest and in motion.

Application of electric current in treatment without the generation of perceptible heat. It includes electric stimulation of nerves or muscles, passage of current into the body, or use of interrupted current of low intensity to raise the threshold of the skin to pain.

The evaluation of incidents involving the loss of function of a device. These evaluations are used for a variety of purposes such as to determine the failure rates, the causes of failures, costs of failures, and the reliability and maintainability of devices.

Electric power supply devices which convert biological energy, such as chemical energy of metabolism or mechanical energy of periodic movements, into electrical energy.

Therapy for MOVEMENT DISORDERS, especially PARKINSON DISEASE, that applies electricity via stereotactic implantation of ELECTRODES in specific areas of the BRAIN such as the THALAMUS. The electrodes are attached to a neurostimulator placed subcutaneously.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.

Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.

Inorganic compounds that contain silver as an integral part of the molecule.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Platinum. A heavy, soft, whitish metal, resembling tin, atomic number 78, atomic weight 195.09, symbol Pt. (From Dorland, 28th ed) It is used in manufacturing equipment for laboratory and industrial use. It occurs as a black powder (platinum black) and as a spongy substance (spongy platinum) and may have been known in Pliny's time as "alutiae".

A technique of measuring the dielectric properties of materials, which vary over a range of frequencies depending on the physical properties of the material. The technique involves measuring, over a range of frequencies, ELECTRICAL IMPEDANCE and phase shift of an electric field as it passes through the material.

Determination, by measurement or comparison with a standard, of the correct value of each scale reading on a meter or other measuring instrument; or determination of the settings of a control device that correspond to particular values of voltage, current, frequency or other output.

Potential cavity which separates the ARACHNOID MATER from the DURA MATER.

Computer-assisted processing of electric, ultrasonic, or electronic signals to interpret function and activity.

A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute.

Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid ferrocyanic acid (H4Fe(CN)6).

An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the conversion of beta-D-glucose and oxygen to D-glucono-1,5-lactone and peroxide. It is a flavoprotein, highly specific for beta-D-glucose. The enzyme is produced by Penicillium notatum and other fungi and has antibacterial activity in the presence of glucose and oxygen. It is used to estimate glucose concentration in blood or urine samples through the formation of colored dyes by the hydrogen peroxide produced in the reaction. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.1.3.4.

Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.

An electrical current applied to the HEART to terminate a disturbance of its rhythm, ARRHYTHMIAS, CARDIAC. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The lower chamber of the COCHLEA, extending from the round window to the helicotrema (the opening at the apex that connects the PERILYMPH-filled spaces of scala tympani and SCALA VESTIBULI).

The study, control, and application of the conduction of ELECTRICITY through gases or vacuum, or through semiconducting or conducting materials. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Medical devices which substitute for a nervous system function by electrically stimulating the nerves directly and monitoring the response to the electrical stimulation.

Destruction by passage of a galvanic electric current, as in disintegration of a chemical compound in solution.

Hard, amorphous, brittle, inorganic, usually transparent, polymerous silicate of basic oxides, usually potassium or sodium. It is used in the form of hard sheets, vessels, tubing, fibers, ceramics, beads, etc.

Artificial device such as an externally-worn camera attached to a stimulator on the RETINA, OPTIC NERVE, or VISUAL CORTEX, intended to restore or amplify vision.

The perceived attribute of a sound which corresponds to the physical attribute of intensity.

The analysis of a chemical substance by inserting a sample into a carrier stream of reagent using a sample injection valve that propels the sample downstream where mixing occurs in a coiled tube, then passes into a flow-through detector and a recorder or other data handling device.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An electrochemical technique for measuring the current that flows in solution as a function of an applied voltage. The observed polarographic wave, resulting from the electrochemical response, depends on the way voltage is applied (linear sweep or differential pulse) and the type of electrode used. Usually a mercury drop electrode is used.

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

The research and development of ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT AND SUPPLIES for such medical applications as diagnosis, therapy, research, anesthesia control, cardiac control, and surgery. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A general term for the complete loss of the ability to hear from both ears.

Concentration or quantity that is derived from the smallest measure that can be detected with reasonable certainty for a given analytical procedure.

Coating with a metal or alloy by electrolysis.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Techniques used mostly during brain surgery which use a system of three-dimensional coordinates to locate the site to be operated on.

Silver. An element with the atomic symbol Ag, atomic number 47, and atomic weight 107.87. It is a soft metal that is used medically in surgical instruments, dental prostheses, and alloys. Long-continued use of silver salts can lead to a form of poisoning known as ARGYRIA.

The ability of a substrate to allow the passage of ELECTRONS.

Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.

A metallic element with the atomic symbol Ir, atomic number 77, and atomic weight 192.22.

The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)

The voltage differences across a membrane. For cellular membranes they are computed by subtracting the voltage measured outside the membrane from the voltage measured inside the membrane. They result from differences of inside versus outside concentration of potassium, sodium, chloride, and other ions across cells' or ORGANELLES membranes. For excitable cells, the resting membrane potentials range between -30 and -100 millivolts. Physical, chemical, or electrical stimuli can make a membrane potential more negative (hyperpolarization), or less negative (depolarization).

A highly miniaturized version of ELECTROPHORESIS performed in a microfluidic device.

Devices that control the supply of electric current for running electrical equipment.

A technique in which electric pulses of intensity in kilovolts per centimeter and of microsecond-to-millisecond duration cause a temporary loss of the semipermeability of CELL MEMBRANES, thus leading to ion leakage, escape of metabolites, and increased uptake by cells of drugs, molecular probes, and DNA.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

The electric response evoked in the CEREBRAL CORTEX by ACOUSTIC STIMULATION or stimulation of the AUDITORY PATHWAYS.

The scientific discipline concerned with the physiology of the nervous system.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Lens-shaped structure on the inner aspect of the INTERNAL CAPSULE. The SUBTHALAMIC NUCLEUS and pathways traversing this region are concerned with the integration of somatic motor function.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Nanometer-scale wires made of materials that conduct electricity. They can be coated with molecules such as antibodies that will bind to proteins and other substances.

Diamond. A crystalline form of carbon that occurs as hard, colorless or tinted isomeric crystals. It is used as a precious stone, for cutting glass, and as bearings for delicate mechanisms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A treatment modality that uses pulsed electrical currents to permeabilize cell membranes (ELECTROPORATION) and thereby enhance the uptake of chemotherapeutic agents, vaccines, or genes into the body's cells.

Energy transmitted from the sun in the form of electromagnetic radiation.

Procedures for correcting HEARING DISORDERS.

The part of the inner ear (LABYRINTH) that is concerned with hearing. It forms the anterior part of the labyrinth, as a snail-like structure that is situated almost horizontally anterior to the VESTIBULAR LABYRINTH.

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

An impulse-conducting system composed of modified cardiac muscle, having the power of spontaneous rhythmicity and conduction more highly developed than the rest of the heart.

Regulation of the rate of contraction of the heart muscles by an artificial pacemaker.

Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).

A computer based method of simulating or analyzing the behavior of structures or components.

Electrical devices that are composed of semiconductor material, with at least three connections to an external electronic circuit. They are used to amplify electrical signals, detect signals, or as switches.

The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.

The audibility limit of discriminating sound intensity and pitch.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

Use of sound to elicit a response in the nervous system.

Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.

A device designed to stimulate, by electric impulses, contraction of the heart muscles. It may be temporary (external) or permanent (internal or internal-external).

The ability of a substrate to retain an electrical charge.

The electric response evoked in the cerebral cortex by visual stimulation or stimulation of the visual pathways.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

The science pertaining to the interrelationship of psychologic phenomena and the individual's response to the physical properties of sound.

Any visible result of a procedure which is caused by the procedure itself and not by the entity being analyzed. Common examples include histological structures introduced by tissue processing, radiographic images of structures that are not naturally present in living tissue, and products of chemical reactions that occur during analysis.

A genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, metal-reducing bacteria in the family Geobacteraceae. They have the ability to oxidize a variety of organic compounds, including AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS.

Therapeutic introduction of ions of soluble salts into tissues by means of electric current. In medical literature it is commonly used to indicate the process of increasing the penetration of drugs into surface tissues by the application of electric current. It has nothing to do with ION EXCHANGE; AIR IONIZATION nor PHONOPHORESIS, none of which requires current.

Fields representing the joint interplay of electric and magnetic forces.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of the neurological system, processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

The use of specifically placed small electrodes to deliver electrical impulses across the SKIN to relieve PAIN. It is used less frequently to produce ANESTHESIA.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Blockade of hippocampal long-term potentiation by sustained tetanic stimulation near the recording site. (1/3000)

Specific patterns of electrical stimulation trigger several forms of synaptic plasticity in hippocampal pyramidal cells, including a long-term potentiation (LTP) of excitatory synaptic transmission. I investigated the effect of commonly used stimulation protocols at different distances from the recording site. Sustained electrical stimulation (100 Hz, 1 s) delivered close to the recording site prevented LTP induction; the same stimulation from a second electrode placed farther away subsequently produced LTP at the same recording site. Strong stimulation near the recording site could also interfere with LTP triggered from a distal site. In contrast to sustained high-frequency stimulation, intermittent stimulation (theta burst pattern) delivered close to the recording site produced normal LTP. These data support the hypothesis that strong stimulation releases a factor that acts locally to prevent LTP. (+info)

LocaLisa: new technique for real-time 3-dimensional localization of regular intracardiac electrodes. (2/3000)

BACKGROUND: Estimation of the 3-dimensional (3D) position of ablation electrodes from fluoroscopic images is inadequate if a systematic lesion pattern is required in the treatment of complex arrhythmogenic substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: We developed a new technique for online 3D localization of intracardiac electrodes. Regular catheter electrodes are used as sensors for a high-frequency transthoracic electrical field, which is applied via standard skin electrodes. We investigated localization accuracy within the right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle by comparing measured and true interelectrode distances of a decapolar catheter. Long-term stability was analyzed by localization of the most proximal His bundle before and after slow pathway ablation. Electrogram recordings were unaffected by the applied electrical field. Localization data from 3 catheter positions, widely distributed within the right atrium, right ventricle, or left ventricle, were analyzed in 10 patients per group. The relationship between measured and true electrode positions was highly linear, with an average correlation coefficient of 0.996, 0.997, and 0.999 for the right atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle, respectively. Localization accuracy was better than 2 mm, with an additional scaling error of 8% to 14%. After 2 hours, localization of the proximal His bundle was reproducible within 1.4+/-1.1 mm. CONCLUSIONS: This new technique enables accurate and reproducible real-time localization of electrode positions in cardiac mapping and ablation procedures. Its application does not distort the quality of electrograms and can be applied to any electrode catheter. (+info)

Synchronization of local neural networks in the somatosensory cortex: A comparison of stationary and moving stimuli. (3/3000)

Spontaneous and stimulus-induced responses were recorded from neighboring groups of neurons by an array of electrodes in the primary (SI) somatosensory cortex of intact, halothane-anesthetized cats. Cross-correlation analysis was used to characterize the coordination of spontaneous activity and the responses to peripheral stimulation with moving or stationary air jets. Although synchronization was detected in only 10% (88 of 880) of the pairs of single neurons that were recorded, cross-correlation analysis of multiunit responses revealed significant levels of synchronization in 64% of the 123 recorded electrode pairs. Compared with spontaneous activity, both stationary and moving air jets caused substantial increases in the rate, proportion, and temporal precision of synchronized activity in local regions of SI cortex. Among populations of neurons that were synchronized by both types of air-jet stimulation, the mean rate of synchronized activity was significantly higher during moving air-jet stimulation than during stationary air-jet stimulation. Moving air jets also produced significantly higher correlation coefficients than stationary air jets in the raw cross-correlograms (CCGs) but not in the shift-corrected CCGs. The incidence and rate of stimulus-induced synchronization varied with the distance separating the recording sites. For sites separated by /=500 microm, only 37% of the multiunit responses were synchronized by discrete stimulation with a single air jet. Measurements of the multiunit CCG peak half-widths showed that the correlated activity produced by moving air jets had slightly less temporal variability than that produced by stationary air jets. These results indicate that moving stimuli produce greater levels of synchronization than stationary stimuli among local groups of SI neurons and suggest that neuronal synchronization may supplement the changes in firing rate which code intensity and other attributes of a cutaneous stimulus. (+info)

Effect of biphasic shock duration on defibrillation threshold with different electrode configurations and phase 2 capacitances: prediction by upper-limit-of-vulnerability determination. (4/3000)

BACKGROUND: The defibrillation threshold (DFT) may be affected by biphasic shock duration (BSD), electrode configuration, and capacitance. The upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) may be used to estimate the DFT. For different lead configurations and phase 2 capacitances, we investigated in 18 pigs whether the use of ULV may predict waveforms with lowest DFT. METHODS AND RESULTS: -DFT and ULV were determined by up-down protocols for 10 BSDs. ULVs were measured by T-wave scanning during ventricular pacing (cycle length 500 ms). In protocol 1 (n=6), a pectoral "active can" was combined with an electrode in the superior vena cava as common cathode and a right ventricle electrode as anode (AC+SVC). In protocol 2 and protocol 3 (n=6 each), only the "active can" was used as proximal electrode (AC). Capacitance was 150 microF during both phases in protocol 1 and protocol 3 but 150 microF (phase 1) and 300 microF (phase 2) in protocol 2. ULV and DFT demonstrated a linear correlation in each protocol (r=0.78 to 0.84). Lowest DFTs were found at 10 ms for AC+SVC and at 14 ms for AC (P<0.001). At optimal BSDs, voltage DFTs did not differ significantly between AC (527+/-57 V) and AC+SVC (520+/-70 V). Switching capacitors for phase 2 in a way that reduced leading-edge voltage by 50% while doubling capacity did not change BSD for optimal voltage DFT but increased minimum DFT from 527+/-57 V to 653+/-133 V (P=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: The BSD with lowest DFT is shorter for AC+SVC than for AC. There is no significant difference in voltage DFT between both at optimal BSD. A lower phase 2 capacitance reduces DFTs irrespective of BSD. Because strength-duration curves for DFT and ULV correlate for different BSDs, lead systems, and phase 2 capacitances, ULV determination may allow the prediction of waveforms with lowest DFT. (+info)

Chronic lithium treatment inhibits amiloride-sensitive sodium transport in the rat distal nephron. (5/3000)

Chronic treatment of rats with lithium leads to Na+ loss and a reduced antinatriuretic response to aldosterone, suggesting that lithium reduces conductive Na+ transport in the distal nephron. This was investigated in the present study by measuring the renal response to aldosterone infusion followed by amiloride in chronically instrumented conscious rats given lithium for 3 to 4 weeks to achieve plasma Li+ concentrations of approximately 0.5 mM. A servo-controlled infusion system was used to maintain sodium and water homeostasis, thereby preventing misinterpretation of the findings as a consequence of drug-induced changes in Na+ balance. In a control group of rats, Na+ excretion decreased in response to aldosterone (p <.01) and subsequent amiloride administration led to a marked increase in Na+ excretion (p <.001). In contrast, in the lithium-treated group, there was no significant response to either aldosterone or amiloride. It is concluded that long-term treatment with lithium, even when plasma Li+ concentrations are below 1 mM, reduces aldosterone-stimulated Na+ transport through the amiloride-sensitive Na+ channels in the principal cells of the distal nephron. (+info)

Mapping of atrial activation with a noncontact, multielectrode catheter in dogs. (6/3000)

BACKGROUND: Endocardial mapping of sustained arrhythmias has traditionally been performed with a roving diagnostic catheter. Although this approach is adequate for many tachyarrhythmias, it has limitations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a novel noncontact mapping system for assessing atrial tachyarrhythmias. METHODS AND RESULTS: The mapping system consists of a 9F multielectrode-array balloon catheter that has 64 active electrodes and ring electrodes for emitting a locator signal. The locator signal was used to construct a 3-dimensional right atrial map; it was independently validated and was highly accurate. Virtual electrograms were calculated at 3360 endocardial sites in the right atrium. We evaluated right atrial activation by positioning the balloon catheter in the mid right atrium via a femoral venous approach. Experiments were performed on 12 normal mongrel dogs. The mean correlation coefficient between contact and virtual electrograms was 0.80+/-0.12 during sinus rhythm. Fifty episodes of atrial flutter induced in 11 animals were evaluated. In the majority of experiments, complete or almost complete reentrant circuits could be identified within the right atrium. Mean correlation coefficient between virtual and contact electrograms was 0.85+/-0.17 in atrial flutter. One hundred fifty-six episodes of pacing-induced atrial fibrillation were evaluated in 11 animals. Several distinct patterns of right atrial activation were seen, including single-activation wave fronts and multiple simultaneous-activation wave fronts. Mean correlation coefficient between virtual and contact electrograms during atrial fibrillation was 0.81+/-0.18. The accuracy of electrogram reconstruction was lower at sites >4.0 cm from the balloon center and at sites with a high spatial complexity of electrical activation. CONCLUSIONS: This novel noncontact mapping system can evaluate conduction patterns during sinus rhythm, demonstrate reentry during atrial flutter, and describe right atrial activation during atrial fibrillation. The accuracy of electrogram reconstruction was good at sites <4.0 cm from the balloon center, and thus the system has the ability to perform high-resolution multisite mapping of atrial tachyarrhythmias in vivo. (+info)

Intraoperative monitoring during surgery for acoustic neuroma: benefits of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode. (7/3000)

OBJECTIVES: To assess the utility of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode for intraoperative monitoring during acoustic neuroma and other cerebellopontine angle tumour surgery and to define the neurophysiological and surgical factors which influence hearing preservation. METHODS: Twenty two patients, 18 with acoustic neuromas and four with other cerebellopontine angle tumours, underwent intraoperative monitoring during tumour excision. The extratympanic intrameatal electrode (IME) was used to record the electrocochleogram (ECoG) and surface electrodes to record the brainstem auditory evoked response (ABR). RESULTS: The compound action potential (CAP) of the ECoG was two and a half times greater in amplitude than wave I of the ABR and was easily monitored. Virtually instant information was available as minimal averaging was required. Continuous monitoring was possible from the commencement of anaesthesia to skin closure. The IME was easy to place, non-invasive, and did not interfere with the operative field. Operative procedures which affected CAP or wave V latency or amplitude were drilling around the internal auditory meatus, tumour dissection, nerve section, and brainstem and cerebellar retraction. Hearing was achieved in 59% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The IME had significant benefits in comparison with other methods of monitoring. The technique provided information beneficial to preservation of hearing. (+info)

Non-invasive determination of bacterial single cell properties by electrorotation. (8/3000)

So far, electrorotation and its application to the determination of single cell properties have been limited to eukaryotes. Here an experimental system is described that allows the recording of electrorotation spectra of single bacterial cells. The small physical dimensions of the developed measuring chamber combined with a single frame video analysis made it possible to monitor the rotation of objects as small as bacteria by microscopical observation despite Brownian rotation and cellular movement. Thus physical properties of distinct organelles of E. coli could be simultaneously determined in vivo at frequencies between 1 kHz and 1 GHz. Experimental data were evaluated following a three-shell model of the cell. Electrical conductivities of cytoplasm and outer membrane were determined to 4.4 mS/cm and 25 microS/cm, respectively, that of the periplasmic space was found to increase with the square root of the medium ionic strength. Specific capacitances of inner and outer membrane amounted to 1.4 microF/cm2 and 0.26 microF/cm2, respectively, the thickness of the periplasm to about 50 nm. Heat treatment of the cells lead to a reduction of cytoplasmic conductivity to 0.9 mS/cm, probably caused by an efflux of ions through the permeabilized inner membrane. (+info)

... is a moth of the family Oecophoridae. It is known from the Australian Capital Territory, New South Wales, ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Eulechria electrodes. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is ... Australian Faunal Directory Wikispecies has information related to Eulechria electrodes. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eulechria_electrodes

Auxiliary or counter electrode. It is the electrode that completes the circuit of the three-electrode cell, as it allows the ... The screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) are presented as a single device in which there are three different electrodes: Working ... Generally, gold electrodes are used for detection due to their high affinity. However, the use of gold electrodes produces ... Commercially available screen-printed gold electrodes make mercury measurements in water easier because no electrode ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen-printed_electrodes

Electrodes for electroplating Electrodes for arc welding Electrodes for cathodic protection Electrodes for grounding Electrodes ... electrode assembly Electrodes for Taser electroshock weapon Reference electrode Gas diffusion electrode Cellulose electrode ... In a three-electrode cell, a counter electrode, also called an auxiliary electrode, is used only to make a connection to the ... Chemically modified electrodes are electrodes that have their surfaces chemically modified to change the electrode's physical, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode

Potentiometry Ion-selective electrodes ISFET pH electrode Chalcogenide glass Quinhydrone electrode Solid State Electrode Bates ... The pH electrode is an example of a glass electrode that is sensitive to hydrogen ions. Glass electrodes play an important part ... The most common glass electrode is the pH-electrode. Only a few chalcogenide glass electrodes are sensitive to double-charged ... a sensing part of electrode, a bulb made from a specific glass internal electrode, usually silver chloride electrode or calomel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_electrode

This sensor used a single Clark oxygen electrode coupled with a counter-electrode. As with the Clark electrode, a permselective ... The Clark electrode is an electrode that measures ambient oxygen partial pressure in a liquid using a catalytic platinum ... This motivated Clark to develop the oxygen electrode. The electrode, when implanted in vivo, will reduce oxygen and thus ... Increasing the voltage applied (between the Pt electrode and a second Ag electrode) will increase the rate of electrocatalysis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clark_electrode

... negative electrode) and O2 at the anode (positive electrode). The electrode boiler is 99.9% efficient with almost all the ... The electrodes are connected to a medium voltage (1-35 kV) AC source. Electrode boilers can work on both single phase and three ... An electrode boiler (jet type) is a type of boiler that uses electricity flowing through streams of water to create steam. The ... An electrode boiler has a very quick response time. As it doesn't directly generate pollution, no pollution control system is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode_boiler

An ideal polarizable electrode (also ideally polarizable electrode or ideally polarized electrode or IPE) is a hypothetical ... the ideal polarizable electrode and the ideal non-polarizable electrode. Simply put, the ideal polarizable electrode is ... An ideal non-polarizable electrode, is a hypothetical electrode in which a faradic current can freely pass (without ... are the mercury droplet electrode in contact with an oxygen-free KCl solution and the silver/silver chloride electrode, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideal_electrode

... forms a quinhydrone electrode. Such devices can be used to measure the pH of solutions. Quinhydrone electrodes provide fast ... The quinhydrone electrode provides an alternative to the most commonly used glass electrode. however, it is not reliable above ... The potential difference between the platinum electrode and a reference electrode is dependent on the activity, a H + {\ ... The quinhydrone electrode may be used to measure the hydrogen ion concentration (pH) of a solution containing an acidic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinhydrone_electrode

Additionally, small electrode numbers have proven to still be useful. There are about 20 single unit per electrode, and recent ... Kennedy, P. R. (1989). THE CONE ELECTRODE - A LONG-TERM ELECTRODE THAT RECORDS FROM NEURITES GROWN ONTO ITS RECORDING SURFACE ... So the longevity question has been answered for the Neurotrophic Electrode. In comparison, the wire type electrodes (Utah array ... Data from metal electrodes, however, are very useful in the short term and have produced copious amounts of very useful data in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotrophic_electrode

... measures CO2. Sanz electrode measures pH. Severinghaus, John W.; Bradley, A. Freeman (1958). "Electrodes ... The Severinghaus electrode is an electrode that measures carbon dioxide (CO2). It was developed by Dr. John W. Severinghaus and ... It utilizes a CO2-sensitive glass electrode in a surrounding film of bicarbonate solution covered by a thin plastic carbon ... The carbon dioxide pressure of a sample gas or liquid equilibrates through the membrane and the glass electrode measures the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severinghaus_electrode

A cellulose electrode is a welding electrode that has a coating containing organic materials. About 30% of the coating weight ... deeper penetration can be obtained with cellulose electrodes. This type of electrode is generally produced with thin or medium ... www.bakersgas.com/weldmyworld/2012/02/26/how-to-weld-using-cellulosic-electrodes/ v t e (Electrodes, Cellulose, All stub ... Since this electrode can be used in every position (particularly in vertical down), it has a wide range of applications in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellulose_electrode

The working electrode is often used in conjunction with an auxiliary electrode, and a reference electrode in a three electrode ... Rotating ring-disk electrode (RRDE) Hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) Dropping mercury electrode (DME) Auxiliary electrode ... The working electrode is the electrode in an electrochemical system on which the reaction of interest is occurring. ... Depending on whether the reaction on the electrode is a reduction or an oxidation, the working electrode is called cathodic or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Working_electrode

The auxiliary electrode, often also called the counter electrode, is an electrode used in a three electrode electrochemical ... In a two-electrode system, either a known current or potential is applied between the working and auxiliary electrodes and the ... The auxiliary electrode often has a surface area much larger than that of the working electrode to ensure that the half- ... The auxiliary electrode functions as a cathode whenever the working electrode is operating as an anode and vice versa. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auxiliary_electrode

A plate, usually called anode in Britain, is a type of electrode that forms part of a vacuum tube. It is usually made of sheet ... In some tubes such as tetrodes these secondary electrons could be absorbed by other electrodes such as grids in the tube, ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Vacuum tubes, Electrodes, All stub articles, ... it is more often in the shape of a cylinder or flat open-ended box surrounding the other electrodes. The plate must dissipate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate_electrode

A reference electrode is an electrode which has a stable and well-known electrode potential. The high stability of the ... Common reference electrodes and potential with respect to the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE): Standard hydrogen electrode ( ... Auxiliary electrode Cyclic voltammetry Table of standard electrode potentials Working electrode Bard, Allen J.; Faulkner, Larry ... sulfate electrode (CSE) (E = +0.314 V) Silver chloride electrode (E = +0.197 V in saturated KCl) Silver chloride electrode (E ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reference_electrode

An electrode array is a configuration of electrodes used for measuring either an electric current or voltage. Some electrode ... Electrode arrays are widely used to measure resistivity in geophysics applications. It is also used in the semiconductor ... Injecting the current through electrodes separate from those being used for measurement of potential has the advantage of ... Pole-dipole Equatorial dipole-dipole Resistivity measurement of bulk materials is a frequent application of electrode arrays. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode_array

The electrode line connects the converter station to the grounding electrode. The electrode line can be implemented, depending ... The connection to ground requires a specially designed ground electrode (or earth electrode). The electrode is usually located ... The ground electrode is separated from the converter station so that current returning through the ground electrode does not ... one of the electrodes (the cathode) can be of simpler design since corrosion is not a problem for cathode electrodes. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode_line

The antimony electrode has been investigated for its ability to function as a pH electrode. The electrode is made of elemental ... Antimony electrodes continue to be used for in vivo measurements. The use of antimony-based electrodes for analytical ... is present on the surface of the electrode. Although this electrode does not give measurements of high accuracy, its rapid ... A calomel reference electrode was also placed in this solution and was connected to the other terminal on the meter. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimony_electrode

... working electrode, counter electrode, reference electrode (standard hydrogen electrode or an equivalent). In case of non-zero ... The electrode potential has its origin in the potential difference developed at the interface between the electrode and the ... Electrode potential appears at the interface between an electrode and electrolyte due to the transfer of charged species across ... The electrode potential may be either that at equilibrium at the working electrode ("reversible potential"), or a potential ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrode_potential

The electrodes are electrically insulated from each other by the PEM. These two electrodes make up the anode and cathode ... The electrodes are heat pressed onto the PEM. Commonly used materials for these electrodes are carbon cloth or carbon fiber ... catalyst and flat plate electrode used in fuel cells and electrolyzers. The PEM is sandwiched between two electrodes which have ... A membrane electrode assembly (MEA) is an assembled stack of proton-exchange membranes (PEM) or alkali anion exchange membrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_electrode_assembly

Potassium selective electrodes are a type of ion selective electrode used in biochemical and biophysical research, where ... These electrodes are typical ion exchange resin membrane electrodes, using valinomycin, a potassium ionophore, as the ion ... Ionophores for potassium-selective electrodes v t e (Electrodes, All stub articles, Electrochemistry stubs). ... This type of ion-selective electrode is subject to interference from (in declining order of magnitude) rubidium, caesium, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_selective_electrode

The electrode rotates during experiments inducing a flux of analyte to the electrode. These working electrodes are used in ... A rotating disk electrode (RDE) is a working electrode used in three electrode systems for hydrodynamic voltammetry. ... as is the case for a stationary electrode. Any rotating disk electrode can, of course, also be used as a stationary electrode ... The more complex rotating ring-disk electrode can be used as a rotating disk electrode if the ring is left inactive during the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotating_disk_electrode

Multiplate multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) is a test of platelet function in whole blood. The test can be used to ... Each cuvette contains two pairs of sensor electrodes, each of which measures the change in impedance. The duplicate sensors ... The instrument detects change in electrical impedance when platelets aggregate on metal electrodes in the test cuvette. ... "Comparison of platelet aggregation using light transmission and multiple electrode aggregometry in Glanzmann thrombasthenia". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_electrode_aggregometry

A dynamic hydrogen electrode (DHE) is a reference electrode, more specific a subtype of the standard hydrogen electrodes for ... In-situ reference electrode for direct methanol fuel cells Proton exchange membrane fuel cells Palladium-hydrogen electrode ... Dynamic hydrogen electrode Study on In-situ Reference Electrode for DMFC Archived 2009-11-05 at the Wayback Machine Impedance ... Study of fuel cell corrosion processes using dynamic hydrogen reference electrodes[permanent dead link] v t e (Webarchive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_hydrogen_electrode

Dynamic hydrogen electrode Reversible hydrogen electrode "Operation principle of Pd/H2 reference electrode" (PDF). Archived ... A palladium-hydrogen probe electrode for use as a microreference electrode Palladium-hydrogen electrodes for coulometric ... The palladium-hydrogen electrode (abbreviation: Pd/H2) is one of the common reference electrodes used in electrochemical study ... The main feature of such electrode is an absence of non-stop bubbling of molecular hydrogen through the solution as it is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palladium-hydrogen_electrode

Enzyme electrodes are not true ion-selective electrodes, but are usually considered to be within the ion-selective electrode ... This is why enzyme electrodes are sometimes considered ion-selective. An example is a glucose selective electrode. Electrodes ... An ion-selective electrode (ISE), also known as a specific ion electrode (SIE), is a transducer (or sensor) that converts the ... A very common example of this type of electrode is the pH glass electrode. Crystalline membranes are made from mono- or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-selective_electrode

Carbon paste electrodes belong to a special group of heterogeneous carbon electrodes. These electrodes are widely used mainly ... electrodes when modified are termed chemically modified electrodes. Chemically modified electrodes have been employed for the ... A carbon-paste electrode (CPE) is made from a mixture of conducting graphite powder and a pasting liquid. These electrodes are ... Electrodes made in this way are highly selective sensors for both inorganic and organic electrochemistry. Carbon paste, glassy ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_paste_electrode

Reference electrode Saturated calomel electrode Standard hydrogen electrode Copper-copper(II) sulfate electrode Cathodic ... Commercial reference electrodes consist of a glass or plastic tube electrode body. The electrode consists of a metallic silver ... The electrode functions as a reversible redox electrode and the equilibrium is between the solid (s) silver metal (Ag(s)) and ... Silver chloride electrodes are also used by many applications of biological electrode systems such as biomonitoring sensors as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver_chloride_electrode

Table of standard electrode potentials Reversible hydrogen electrode Palladium-hydrogen electrode Reference electrode Dynamic ... potential of a platinum electrode in 1 M acid solution SHE (Standard Hydrogen Electrode): potential of a platinum electrode in ... The standard hydrogen electrode (abbreviated SHE), is a redox electrode which forms the basis of the thermodynamic scale of ... Potentials of any other electrodes are compared with that of the standard hydrogen electrode at the same temperature. Hydrogen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_hydrogen_electrode

Like other working electrodes these electrodes are used in electrochemical studies using three electrode systems when ... Like other working electrodes these electrodes are used in electrochemical studies using three electrode systems when ... The hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) is a working electrode variation on the dropping mercury electrode (DME). Experiments ... The self-renewing electrode does not need to be cleaned or polished like a solid electrode. This advantage comes at the cost of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid_metal_electrode

... hydrogel electrodes that flex to fit the complex shapes inside the human body.The study, led by Harvards Wyss Institute for ... Electrodes may detach under movement or require greater current to affect their intended target because their shape does not ... Electrodes are frequently used in medicine to monitor or deliver electrical impulses inside and outside the human body, however ... This work demonstrated that you need both materials to achieve optimal electrode performance - carbon nanotubes or graphene ...

https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/harvard-and-manchester-pioneer-soft-graphene-containing-electrodes-that-adapt-to-living-tissue/

During an ECG electrodes are affixed to each arm and leg and to the chest. ... During an ECG electrodes are affixed to each arm and leg and to the chest. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/imagepages/19865.htm

The alert, which ECRI shared with Medscape Medical News, said that Cardinal Health, the only US supplier of electrodes that are ... The shortage resulted from a recall by Philips of 1.7 million electrodes that attach to babies scalps for monitoring inside ... The device maker notified users in November 2022 that electrodes tips could break off and potentially require surgery for ... The researchers called the electrodes "a critical tool in ensuring a consistently interpretable tracing of the fetal heart rate ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/992362

11,000-electrode reprogrammable chip takes brain-computer interfaces to a new level July 22, 2013 at 2:36 pm A group of ... Making the ultimate carbon nanotube brain electrode March 27, 2015 at 12:38 pm Researchers at Rice University have perfected a ...

https://www.extremetech.com/tag/intraneural-electrodes

Electrodes. New Coated Electrodes are Ideal for Production of Lithium-Ion Batteries. Technology is suitable for e-cars. Uses ... Thoriated Tungsten Electrodes are Left in the Dust with MultiStrike®. Red tipped thoriated Tungsten Electrodes are said to ... Laqua pH Electrodes Used with pH Meters. HORIBA pH combination electrodes manufactured with 1-meter cable terminating in BNC ... Submerged Arc Electrode is resistant to corrosion.. Available in 3/32, 7/64, and 1/8 in.dia, SelectWear 410NiMo-S hardsurfacing ...

https://news.thomasnet.com/news/electrodes/

Prosthetic Control with Superficial Electrodes Demo Video. .css-1diu478{font-family:UnitedSans,Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif;font- ... Prosthetic Control with Superficial Electrodes Demo Video. .css-f29fsr{color:#595959;font-family:FreightSansW01,Helvetica,Arial ...

LH-D stick electrodes differ from the common cellulosic electrodes used in the pipeline industry, like Pipeliner® 5P+, 6P+, 7P+ ... stick electrodes. I receive many questions from our customers about how to properly weld with these electrodes and have seen ... The high deposition rates and low hydrogen levels make LH-D electrodes ideal for welding the high strength steel specific to ...

https://www.lincolnelectric.com/en-us/support/welding-how-to/Pages/Welding-LH-D-Electrodes.aspx

... : a conductor that delivers electricity into a cell without necessarily entering into the cell reaction. Also, a ...

https://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/gloss/electrode.html

Delmhorst 2-E Moisture Meter Electrode ^ 5/16 Penetration For Use On Wood Up To 1 Thick And Drywall ^ Mfg #2-E ... delmhorst moisture meter electrode delmhorst flooring moisture meter delmhorst electrodes ideal clamp meter klein tools coax ...

https://hdsupplysolutions.com/p/delmhorst-2-e-moisture-meter-electrode-p210101

Due to the massive quantity of electrodes required to construct a complete battery pack, manufacturing lines cut and stack ... The geometry of the electrodes inside a cell is vital to the efficiency and safety of the cell. ... electrodes at. rapid speeds. An efficient ZEISS optical inline metrology solution is essential to monitor the cutting and ... coordinate measuring machine is the perfect solution to provide high resolution and accurate inspections of the cut electrodes ...

https://www.zeiss.com/metrology/solutions/emobilitysolutions/battery/battery-cell-with-electrodes.html

... a layer of graphene becomes a new electrochemical structure that we call a trans-electrode. The trans-electrodes unique ... For instance, the authors show that by drilling pores a few nanometres in diameter into these trans-electrode membranes, it ... We show that several trans-electrode properties are revealed by ionic conductance measurements on a graphene membrane that ... a layer of graphene becomes a new electrochemical structure that we call a trans-electrode. The trans-electrodes unique ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature09379?error=cookies_not_supported&code=64acc72a-cf88-4a28-9a97-f823375dc21a

Laparoscopic Electrodes Market - Laparoscopic Electrodes Market - Aesculap (Germany), Angiodynamics (USA), Bovie Medical (USA ... Laparoscopic Electrodes Market, by Laparoscopic Electrodes Type. Hook. Monopolar. Blade. Needle. Other (Bipolar, Ball Tube, ... Analysis of Laparoscopic Electrodes Market in Global Industry : Insights, Develo … Albany, NY, 14th December : Recent research ... It covers the key technological and market trends in the Laparoscopic Electrodes market and further lays out an analysis of the ...

https://www.openpr.com/news/858561/laparoscopic-electrodes-market-aesculap-germany-angiodynamics-usa-bovie-medical-usa-bowa-electronic-germany-erbe-elektromedizin-gmbh-germany-ethicon-endo-surgery-usa-gunter-bissinger-medizintechnik-germany-hebumedical-germany-lag.html

When it comes to GENERAL TOOLS Electrodes and Probes, you can count on Grainger. Supplies and solutions for every industry, ... Electrodes and Probes. 1 product. Use electrodes and probes from Grainger to help quickly and easily test water in the lab or ... Find these electrodes and probes and more at Grainger!. Use electrodes and probes from Grainger to help quickly and easily test ... Submersible electrodes can be ideal for testing water with heavy metals, organics and sulfites, and gel-filled electrodes can ...

https://www.grainger.com/category/lab-supplies/water-testing-equipment-and-meters/electrodes-and-probes?brandName=GENERAL+TOOLS&filters=brandName

Bobshell Electrodes Locations, Bobshell Electrodes updates and more at Business Standard news. , Page 1 ... Quick Links for Bobshell Electrodes:. * News. Announcements Brokerage Reports Business Earnings Sector ...

https://www.business-standard.com/company/bobshell-elect-4851/information/company-location

... patient return electrodes are recognized worldwide for quality and safety, and are available for your veterinary clinic. ... Valleylab™ PolyHesive™ Corded Patient Return Electrodes. Product Details Valleylab™ REM and Non-REM PolyHesive™ single use, ... corded patient return electrodes are recognized worldwide for quality, safety, and innovative technology. All return electrodes ... Valleylab™ PolyHesive™ Non-Corded Patient Return Electrodes. Product Details Valleylab™ REM PolyHesive™ single use, non-corded ...

https://www.medtronic.com/animal-health/en-us/products/electrosurgical-instruments/patient-return-electrodes.html

... as the top electrode material and some identical devices using a chromium/gold electrode. Protein solutions with different ... based biosensors fabricated with standard metal electrodes and with carbon nanotube electrodes. SMRs resonating at frequencies ... It is therefore concluded that the use of CNT electrodes on resonators for their use as gravimetric biosensors is viable and ... Results show that resonators using CNTs as the top electrode material exhibited higher frequency change for a given load due to ...

https://oa.upm.es/12626/

Our crossword solver found 10 results for the crossword clue positive electrode.

https://www.dictionary.com/e/crosswordsolver/positive-electrode/

One amp per one thousandths of electrode diameter is a great starting point for 1/8" (.125") 7018 (125 amps is a great starting ... After welding a border bead with 6013, I switched over to 1/8" (3.2mm) 7018 rods and changed polarity to DCEP electrode ...

https://www.weldingtipsandtricks.com/padding.html

Tin Disc Cup Electrode E21-9S Disc Electrode 9mm Cup with 1.5mm DIN connector. A pure tin eeg cup electrode with a 48" (122 cm ... Electro-Cap Tin Ear Electrodes Electro-Cap Tin Ear Electrodes, 9mm earclips (2/pkg). A pair of pure tin cup electrodes with a ... For use with Electro-Caps, Smart Brain Games and other systems that use tin ear electrodes Part # ECA E5-9S Learn More ... For use with Electro-Caps, Smart Brain Games and other systems that use tin ear electrodes. Learn More ...

https://bio-medical.com/supplies/eeg-electrodes.html?manufacturer=430

list of thought technologys available cables and electrodes for biofeedback or neurofeedback and incontinence. ... UniGel electrodes, pre gelled single electrodes, for sensitive placements on dry skin. It can be used in place of T3404 single ... strip electrodes. Sold in packs of 100. Documents TBA Downloads TBA $(function() { // Default $(.example)... ...

https://thoughttechnology.com/heart-rate-variability/hardware/cables-and-electrodes/

The site navigation utilizes arrow, enter, escape, and space bar key commands. Left and right arrows move across top level links and expand / close menus in sub levels. Up and Down arrows will open main level menus and toggle through sub tier links. Enter and space open menus and escape closes them as well. Tab will move on to the next part of the site rather than go through menu items.. ...

https://www.geappliances.com/appliance/ELECTRODE-ASSM-WB02X8598

The Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of Nitrate (NO3-) in aqueous samples. ... The Nitrate ISE has a combination-style, non-refillable, gel-filled electrode. Like all other PVC ISE membranes, the membrane ... Important: Ion-Selective Electrodes require good chemical technique and careful calibration to obtain accurate results; they ...

https://www.vernier.com/product/nitrate-ion-selective-electrode/

... arms and legs thanks to research that demonstrates how limbs can be controlled via a tiny array of implanted electrodes. ... its known as the Utah Slanted Electrode Array, named for where it was developed and the angled look produced by the electrode ... Thanks to specific electrodes being able to activate the right nerve fibers at the right times, the controller made the cats ... Tags: Brain, Brain Implant, Central Nervous System, Diagnostic, Electrode, Electromyogram, Fatigue, Muscle, Nerve, Nervous ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20161123/Research-shows-how-paralyzed-limbs-can-be-controlled-via-implanted-electrodes.aspx

3D-printed supercapacitor electrode breaks records in lab tests. University of California - Santa Cruz ... Applied sciences and engineering/Engineering/Electrical engineering/Electronics/Electrical conductors/Electrodes * /Physical ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/multimedia/827965

... Posted by Karen Hurst in category: energy. ...

https://lifeboat.com/blog/2016/12/researchers-fabricate-high-performance-cuoh2-supercapacitor-electrodes

... here can be used as a reference to analyze the severity of DC interference on pipelines due to proximate HVDC electrodes. ... This paper focuses on advanced analysis techniques and design considerations of DC interference generated by HVDC electrodes ... Advanced Analysis of HVDC Electrodes Interference on Neighboring Pipelines () Yu Gong1, Chunlin Xue2, Zhilei Yuan2, Yexu Li3, ... HVDC Electrode, DC Interference, Pipe-to-Soil Potential, Polarization Potential, Insulating Joint (Flanges), Rectifier, Touch ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=55651

Jan Mischke and others published PECVD Grown Graphene as Transparent Electrode in GaN-based LEDs , Find, read and cite all the ... PECVD Grown Graphene as Transparent Electrode in GaN-based LEDs. Jan Mischke1, Joel Pennings1,2, Erik Weisenseel1, Philipp ... PECVD Grown Graphene as Transparent Electrode in GaN-based LEDs. *October 2020 ... which is beneficial to the fabrication of graphene-based electronic devices/sensors and transparent electrode. However, it ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345163462_PECVD_Grown_Graphene_as_Transparent_Electrode_in_GaN-based_LEDs

... such as electrode tab distance gauging, without slowing down production. An In-Sight vision system captures images of electrode ... Electrode Tab Distance Gauging. Machine vision gauges the distance between poles to guarantee alignment. Related Products. ... After an electrode sheet is slit and notched, lithium-ion cell manufacturers must gauge the width between the copper and ... Manufacturers calculate the total length between adjacent electrode tabs with the help of machine vision gauging tools. ...

https://www.cognex.com/en-il/industries/automotive/electric-vehicle/battery-systems/assembly/electrode-tab-distance-gauging

We then adopt an equivalent circuit model to distinguish the resistances to ion transport and electron transport within the electrodes, and clarify the importance of electronic conductivity on the system performance based on a series of electrochemical tests. (researcher.life)
Visible absorption and electrochemical studies showed that 3-mercaptopropionic acid possesses the best performance regarding the electrical conductivity between electrode and protein redox center. (marquette.edu)

The lead wires are 1 m in length with 4 mm 'snap-on' connectors for use with Disposable ECG Electrodes, Reusable ECG Electrodes and Chest ECG Electrodes. (adinstruments.com)
Determination of halides using Ag nanoparticles-modified disposable electrodes. (americanelements.com)

This tubular submerged arc welding electrode is suited for use in such hardsurfacing applications as pinch rolls, caster rolls, and idler rolls. (thomasnet.com)
L And T Nickel Welding Electrode By A. N. Gupta & Co. (tradeindia.com)
HAYNES® 182 Welding Electrodes, AWS/ASME 5.11 Coated Electrodes, ASME IX F-43 Coated Electrode, AWS A 5.11 ENiCrFe-3 Coated Electrodes, ASME SFA 5.11 ENiCrFe-3 Coated Electrodes, Haynes HAYNES® 182 Coated Electrodes Supplier in Mumbai, Kennblatt 7617.02* Coated Electrodes, UNS W86182 Coated Welding Electrode, India. (shantimetal.com)

The work reported here shows a direct experimental comparison of the sensitivities of AlN solidly mounted resonators (SMR)-based biosensors fabricated with standard metal electrodes and with carbon nanotube electrodes. (upm.es)

All electrochemical cells require at least two electrodes, since the potential of a given electrode can only be measured relative to another electrode, the potential of which must be constant (a reference electrode). (basinc.com)
Better potential control is achieved using a potentiostat and a 3-electrode system, in which the potential of one electrode (the working electrode ) is controlled relative to the reference electrode , and the current passes between the working electrode and the third electrode (the auxiliary electrode ). (basinc.com)
It improves the stability of the reference electrode and extends the life of the electrode. (aperainst.de)

Peter Peumans, an assistant professor of electrical engineering at Stanford University, who was not involved in this study, says organic solar cells will probably become practical only with the development of transparent electrode technology that is both cheaper and more robust than conventional metal oxides. (phys.org)
Other materials are being studied as possible substitutes, he says, but this work represents very important progress toward making graphene a credible replacement transparent electrode. (phys.org)

The electrolysis cell involved dual metal graphite electrodes were tested in the process of separating glycerol from biodiesel. (ikpresse.com)
Therefore, the best treatment is to use metallic graphite electrodes with a distance between the electrodes of 25 mm and a high voltage of 30 kV. (ikpresse.com)
Asl MA, Tahvildari K, Bigdeli T. Eco-friendly synthesis of biodiesel from WCO by using electrolysis technique with graphite electrodes. (ikpresse.com)
Graphite/Gold Nanoparticles Electrode for Direct Protein Attachment: C" by Javad Shabani Shayeh, Yahya Sefidbakht et al. (marquette.edu)
and Tayebi, Lobat, "Graphite/Gold Nanoparticles Electrode for Direct Protein Attachment: Characterization and Gas Sensing Application" (2020). (marquette.edu)

The max diameter of electrode is 3.2mm. (vidotools.com)
The electrodes parameters were identified as 8 X150 mm in diameter and length with different spans of 25, 50, and 75mm. (ikpresse.com)
Alumina -templated Au nanostructured electrodes composed of parallel nanowires of 160 nm in diameter and 1.2 µm in length (Au-NWs), with 320 nm of pitch, are designed and characterized. (bvsalud.org)

Here we show that when immersed in an ionic solution, a layer of graphene becomes a new electrochemical structure that we call a trans-electrode. (nature.com)
Most electrochemical cells I've seen have only 2 electrodes. (basinc.com)
Electrochemical cleaning (applying large anodic or cathodic potentials to the electrode) has also been shown to be effective in some instances. (basinc.com)
In addition, their results show that for suitable systems the dynamics of individual electrode point defects, such as vacancies, can be directly investigated in electrochemical environment. (brightsurf.com)
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)has been used to study the electrochemical coadsorption of TU at silver electrodes in solutions containing nitric acid ,sulphuric acid and perchloric acid respectively or any two of them. (pku.edu.cn)
As a flow-electrode-based electrochemical technology, FCDI has similarities with several other electrochemical technologies such as electrochemical flow capacitors and semi-solid fuel cells, whose performance are closely coupled with the characteristics of the flow-electrodes. (researcher.life)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Electrochemical oxidation of pharmaceutical effluent using cast iron electrode. (who.int)
Electrochemical oxidation of low (BOD/COD) ratio pharmaceutical wastewater was investigated in this study, using cast iron electrode. (who.int)

SO42- at the potentials of ≤-0.8V. The stability of TU on the surface of Ag electrode depends not only on the electrode potential but also on the nature of electrolyte anions coadsopbed. (pku.edu.cn)
Raman Spectroscopic Studies on Coadsorption of Thiourea with Various Electrolyte Anions at Silver Electrodes[J].Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
The solid electrolyte is extremely pressure resistant in combination with the hole diaphragm structure prevents the electrode from becoming clogged. (aperainst.de)
Engineers developed this one-material battery by sprinkling carbon (red) into each side of a new material (blue) that forms the electrolyte and both electrodes at the ends of the battery. (electrochem.org)
At each end, the scientists added carbon to this electrolyte to form electrodes that push the ions back and forth through the electrolyte as the battery charges and discharges. (electrochem.org)

And the flexibility and light weight of organic solar cells with graphene electrodes could open up a variety of different applications that would not be possible with today s conventional silicon-based solar panels, she says. (phys.org)
Other groups had already shown that graphene exhibits good combinations of transparency and sheet resistance, but no one was able to achieve a performance with graphene electrodes that matches that of devices on conventional metal oxide (ITO) electrodes , Peumans says. (phys.org)

Use combination electrodes for solvents, wastewater and extreme pH testing. (grainger.com)

Submerged Arc Electrode is resistant to corrosion. (thomasnet.com)

The device maker notified users in November 2022 that electrodes tips could break off and potentially require surgery for removal. (medscape.com)
Global Laparoscopic Electrodes Market Size, Status and Forecast 2022 provides Market information about Manufacturers, Countries, Type and Application.This Industry report also states Company Profile, sales, Laparoscopic Electrodes Market revenue and price, market share, market growth and gross margin by regions. (openpr.com)
This report provides detailed analysis of worldwide markets for Laparoscopic Electrodes and provides extensive market forecasts 2017-2022 by region/country and subsectors. (openpr.com)
Global Laparoscopic Electrodes Market Outlook 2016-2022, has been prepared based on the synthesis, analysis, and interpretation of information about the global Laparoscopic Electrodes market collected from specialized sources. (openpr.com)
Albany, NY, 14th December : Recent research and the current scenario as well as future market potential of "Global Laparoscopic Electrodes Detailed Analysis Report 2017-2022" globally. (openpr.com)

SMRs resonating at frequencies around 1.75 GHz have been fabricated, some devices using a thin film of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the top electrode material and some identical devices using a chromium/gold electrode. (upm.es)
Results show that resonators using CNTs as the top electrode material exhibited higher frequency change for a given load due to the higher active surface area of a thin film of interconnecting CNTs compared to that of a metal thin film electrode and hence exhibited greater mass loading sensitivity. (upm.es)
During the electrode manufacturing process, the electrode material is coated onto copper and aluminum foil for electric flow. (cognex.com)
The standard material used so far for these electrodes is indium-tin-oxide, or ITO. (phys.org)
The biggest problem with getting graphene to work as an electrode for organic solar cells has been getting the material to adhere to the panel. (phys.org)
Graphene repels water, so typical procedures for producing an electrode on the surface by depositing the material from a solution won t work. (phys.org)
What are the requirements for a working electrode material , and which material should I choose? (basinc.com)
The rate of electron transfer can vary considerably from one material to another, even for the same analyte, due to, for example, catalytic interactions between the analyte and active species on the electrode surface. (basinc.com)
If material adsorbs to the surface of a working electrode, then the current response will degrade and the electrode surface needs to be cleaned. (basinc.com)
This new battery could prove to be revolutionary in the area of solid state batteries due to its incorporation of electrodes and electrolytes into a single material. (electrochem.org)
This report presents results of an investigation into the influence of disk electrode material on the probability of. (cdc.gov)

LabSen S-Type Hemispherical Glass Diaphragm - Thanks to the low-resistance and rugged glass diaphragm, the electrode delivers fully stabilized readings in 15 to 30 seconds, yet is up to 10 times more rugged than conventional products, significantly reducing the likelihood of the electrode breaking during impacts. (aperainst.de)

Why do I need 3 electrodes for cyclic voltammetry and related techniques? (basinc.com)
Commonly used working electrode materials for cyclic voltammetry include platinum, gold, mercury , and glassy carbon. (basinc.com)
The cyclic voltammetry results revealed that the modified electrode has an appropriate performance for CO detection at very low concentrations while keeping a linear response. (marquette.edu)

You will learn about professionalism, know the procedures before and after the patient arrives, recognize the various questionnaires, know what good sleep hygiene is, be able to recognize the characteristics of electrodes, sensors and monitors, be able to name the electrode placement sites for the 10-20 system, and know how to calculate the measurements. (sleeptechtutor.com)

The MedSource Foam Electrodes use a conductive adhesive hydrogel ("wet gel") which allows for maximum adhesion and electrical contact. (buyemp.com)
The Skintact Aqua-Tac Solid Gel, Foam, Lift Tab Electrode - item #FSTB1, item #ESFSTB1 is packaged 30/pouch, 1500/box, 6000/case. (danleemedical.com)

Needle electrode for electrosurgery. (hkmedicalsupply.com)

After welding a border bead with 6013, I switched over to 1/8" (3.2mm) 7018 rods and changed polarity to DCEP electrode positive also known as reverse polarity. (weldingtipsandtricks.com)

A unique redox internal system with a Thermo Scientific™ Orion™ ROSS™ electrode provides faster response, and greater stability and accuracy than conventional sodium electrodes. (fishersci.ca)
Orp/Redox Electrode Mqpj By Toshniwal Instruments Mfg. Pvt. (tradeindia.com)

Researchers from Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and the University of California, Davis have recently published a paper showing that covering an implantable neural electrode with nanoporus gold could potentially eliminate the risk of scar tissue forming over the electrode's surface. (electrochem.org)

In this example, a heterogeneous NMC (Nickel-Manganese-Cobalt) electrode structure is generated from tomography data using a Model Method. (comsol.com)
Nickel Based Electrodes. (tradeindia.com)
We are offering our client an excellent quality range of Electrodes For Nickel, Nickel Alloys And Dissimilar Metals. (tradeindia.com)
Nickel metal electrode strip. (sciencecompany.com)
Haynes 182 is a general-purpose, Nickel, Chromium, Iron Flux coated electrode, used to connect or assemble several non similar, a combination of Nickel base alloys. (shantimetal.com)
This electrode will consistently produce x-ray quality and machinable weld deposits, Alloy 182 is also used to join nickel base alloy 200 into stainless steel and nickel-copper Monel® 400 into carbon steel. (shantimetal.com)

Flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI), as a novel electro-driven desalination technology, has attracted growing exploration towards brackish water treatment, hypersaline water treatment, and selective resource recovery in recent years. (researcher.life)
In this review, we sort out the potentially parallel mechanisms of electrosorption and electrodialysis in the FCDI desalination process, and make clear the importance of the flowable capacitive electrodes. (researcher.life)

In potentiometric measurements (such as measurement of pH), there is no current through the cell, and these two electrodes are sufficient. (basinc.com)

HORIBA pH combination electrodes manufactured with 1-meter cable terminating in BNC connector. (thomasnet.com)
3-in-1 pH plastic body electrodes only compatible with HORIBA pH meters. (thomasnet.com)

We show that several trans-electrode properties are revealed by ionic conductance measurements on a graphene membrane that separates two aqueous ionic solutions. (nature.com)
We have used a vibrating probe electrode (VPE) to identify and vectorize site-specific ionic flows at the surface of current-clamped mammalian skin. (bath.ac.uk)

A working electrode acts as a source or sink of electrons for exchange with molecules in the interfacial region (the solution adjacent to the electrode surface), and must be an electronic conductor. (basinc.com)
Do I need to clean the surface of the working electrode between experiments, and, if so, how? (basinc.com)
A few drops of polish are placed on a polishing pad (brown Texmet for alumina, and white nylon for diamond), and the electrode is held vertically and the polish rubbed on in a figure-eight pattern for a period of 30 seconds to a few minutes, depending upon the condition of the electrode surface. (basinc.com)
After polishing, the electrode surface is rinsed thoroughly with water (for alumina) or methanol (for diamond), and allowed to air dry. (basinc.com)
Once the defect has been removed, the electrode must then be polished with successively finer polishes to obtain a mirror-like surface. (basinc.com)
Adsorbed CO is known to interact with Pt electrodes, causing a relaxation of Pt surface atoms and a weakening of the Pt-Pt bond. (brightsurf.com)
The presence of these Pt vacancies as well as the observed fluctuations at the Pt steps show that even under very benign conditions, i.e., for the particularly stable Pt(111) electrode surface in the CO pre-oxidation regime, the presence of CO can induce some structural degradation. (brightsurf.com)
20. Rainoldi A, Melchiorri G, Caruso I. A method for positioning electrodes during surface EMG recordings in lower limb muscles. (bvsalud.org)

The electrode terminal (rear) of a pacemaker is located at the rear of the electrode tip in the inferior aspect of the heart, where ventricular contractions originate. (innerbody.com)
Inferior quality electrodes and elements will affect overall system performance and could void applicable warranties. (americanbeautytools.com)

Researchers from The University of Manchester and Harvard University have collaborated on a pioneering project in bioengineering, producing metal-free, hydrogel electrodes that flex to fit the complex shapes inside the human body. (manchester.ac.uk)
All return electrodes are manufactured with our patented PolyHesive™ II high moisture, conductive adhesive hydrogel. (medtronic.com)
All return electrodes are manufactured with our patented PolyHesive™ II high moisture, conductive adhesive hydrogel that provides the performance of a gel without the gel mess. (medtronic.com)

Electroencephalography - electrode plates attached to the scalp that upload the brain's electrical activity to a computer -- can be used as well. (news-medical.net)

3-in-1 pH glass body electrodes able to continuously monitor and compensate for temperature effects automatically. (thomasnet.com)
Haines® 182 electrode coatings are designed for the shielded metal arc welding of alloys 600 and 601, which provide excellent corrosion resistance and high-temperature strength. (shantimetal.com)

A worldwide shortage of fetal scalp electrodes could reduce access to internal fetal heart rate monitoring, potentially leading to more perinatal deaths and other complications, two ob/gyns in Canada are warning. (medscape.com)
ECRI, an independent , nonprofit patient safety organization, sent an alert to its 3000 members, which include many hospitals, on April 27 warning that fetal scalp electrode shortages could lead to higher rates of elective caesarean deliveries. (medscape.com)

Electrodes polished with alumina may also need to be sonicated in distilled water for a few minutes to remove any residual alumina particles. (basinc.com)

The technology combines carbon-based electrodes with economically sourced electrolytes, (manganese or sulphur, which are abundant chemicals in the planet) by means of a simple and yet highly effective electrophoretic deposition of nanocarbon additives (nitrogen-doped graphene) that enhance the electrode durability and performance significantly in highly acidic or alkaline environments. (techbriefs.com)

Cognex provides coating quality inspection and coating width gauging solutions to ensure that electrode sheets meet exacting specifications before they are separated by an insulator and-depending on manufacturer and form type-rolled, wound, or stacked into a lithium-ion cell. (cognex.com)

The Nitrate ISE has a combination-style, non-refillable, gel-filled electrode. (vernier.com)
It should be noted that many pH and ion-selective electrodes used in potentiometric measurements are combination electrodes - both electrodes are contained within the same body. (basinc.com)

Close physical coupling between neurons and the electrode plays a crucial role in recording fidelity of neural electrical activity. (electrochem.org)
Nanotechnology is providing upgraded designs of materials to better mimic the native extracellular environment and attain more intimate contacts with individual neurons , besides allowing for the miniaturization of the electrodes . (bvsalud.org)

A polyoxymethylene (POM) sheath serves as corrosion protection for the electrode and prevents possible damage from impacts. (aperainst.de)

Visualize the line connecting the lateral epicondyle and the If the electrode is too lateral, it will be in and Longus radial styloid process. (medscape.com)

This paper focuses on advanced analysis techniques and design considerations of DC interference generated by HVDC electrodes during normal bipolar and temporary monopolar operations on neighboring metallic utilities, with a special emphasis on buried gas and oil pipelines. (scirp.org)

Today's deep-brain stimulation probes use millimeter-size electrodes. (futurismic.com)
IMEC's design and modeling strategy allows developing advanced brain implants consisting of multiple electrodes enabling simultaneous stimulation and recording . (futurismic.com)

Copper Plasma Electrodes, 5 Pc. (harborfreight.com)
All carbon and stainless steel electrodes are copper-clad for improved current flow, except for Models 10565, 10566, 105134 & 105159 whose short lengths don't require such measures. (americanbeautytools.com)

Add accessories to blue demon e309l-16 5/32" stainless stick electrodes, 1# - e309l-532-01. (bakersgas.com)
These electrodes are hand made of stainless steel and therefore very easy to maintain. (biocenter24.com)
Of course keep this stainless steel electrodes almost forever. (biocenter24.com)

Cullander, C & Guy, RH 1992, ' Visualization of iontophoretic pathways with confocal microscopy and the vibrating probe electrode ', Solid State Ionics , vol. 53-56, no. (bath.ac.uk)

The oxidation of organic compounds at silver oxide electrodes are also discussed. (bl.uk)
The electrode shows very strong catalytic activity in the oxidation of amines. (bl.uk)
In-situ SERS of Formic Acid Electro-catalytic Oxidation on Au core @Pt shell /Pt Electrode [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)

Due to the massive quantity of electrodes required to construct a complete battery pack, manufacturing lines cut and stack electrodes at rapid speeds. (zeiss.com)
These Coated Electrodes are also custom made as per buyer requirements and exported in bulk quantity as well. (shantimetal.com)

Coated Welding Electrodes, HAYNES® 182 Coated Electrodes Exporters, AWS A5.11 HAYNES® 182 Coated Welding Rod, HAYNES® 182 Coated Electrodes Stockist, ALLOY x Coated Electrodes, HAYNES® 182 Coated Electrodes Stockist in India. (shantimetal.com)
Haynes ENiCrFe-3 Coated Electrodes Available, Haynes Alloy x Coated Electrodes Stockist in Mumbai, Haynes HAYNES® 182 Welding Electrodes Supplier in India, ASME IX F-43 Haynes Coated Electrodes Supplier in Mumbai, Haynes Kennblatt 7617.02* Coated Welding Electrodes. (shantimetal.com)

While the specific characteristics of the graphene electrode differ from those of the ITO it would replace, its overall performance in a solar cell is very similar, Kong says. (phys.org)
Semiconducting characteristics of galena electrodes. (cdc.gov)

Use electrodes and probes from Grainger to help quickly and easily test water in the lab or the field. (grainger.com)
Find these electrodes and probes and more at Grainger! (grainger.com)

In the previous work by the team, they studied the atomic-scale structural dynamics of CO adlayers on Pt(111) electrodes in CO-saturated 0.1 M H2SO4 using in situ video-rate scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and density functional theory (DFT). (brightsurf.com)

Measure sodium in aqueous solution quickly, accurately and economically with these sodium electrodes. (fishersci.ca)
Measure sodium in aqueous solutions quickly, accurately and economically with Thermo Scientific™ Orion™ Sodium Electrodes. (fishersci.ca)
Electrodes cleaved in nitrogen-sparged 0.1M sodium tetraborate assume the flatband potential at the instant of cleavage, and thus the cleavage potential decreases with increasing bulk electron concentration. (cdc.gov)

While this research looked at how to adapt graphene to replace one of the two electrodes on a solar panel, Kong and her co-workers are now trying to adapt it to the other electrode as well. (phys.org)

Submersible electrodes can be ideal for testing water with heavy metals, organics and sulfites, and gel-filled electrodes can handle very dirty water, heavy metals and organics. (grainger.com)
Shanti Metals is a notable, Manufacturer, Supplier, and Stockist of Haynes® 182 Coated Electrodes , these electrodes are made using supreme quality raw materials, which keep the quality as well as the dimensional accuracy precise and correct. (shantimetal.com)

The Nitrate Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) can be used to measure the concentration of Nitrate (NO 3 - ) in aqueous samples. (vernier.com)

present a large-scale, multi-site, polymer electrode-based recording platform. (nyu.edu)

Electrodes may detach under movement or require greater current to affect their intended target because their shape does not fit precisely to the host site. (manchester.ac.uk)
Given that Philips monitors are in use worldwide," the researchers write, the current electrode recall "is undermining the solution to a previous recall. (medscape.com)
But one stubborn problem has slowed the development of such cells: Researchers have had a hard time coming up with appropriate materials for the electrodes to carry the current to and from the cells. (phys.org)
Precise control of the external applied potential is required, but this is generally not possible with a two-electrode system, due to the potential drop across the cell due to the solution resistance (potential drop (E) = current (i) x solution resistance (R)) and polarization of the counter electrode required to complete the current-measuring circuit. (basinc.com)
Furthermore, we discuss the effects of electrode selection and flow circulation patterns on system performance (energy consumption, salt removal rate), review the current treatment targets and system performance, and then provide an outlook on the research directions in the field to support further applications of FCDI. (researcher.life)
The electrodes are placed in the middle of the vessel height unit with voltage and current intensities of 5.0 kV-21.5mA or 10 kV-12.5mA. (ikpresse.com)
Minimum load is 0% and significantly, there is no current to earth, no electrode wear and the boiler requires only a minimum of maintenance. (parat.no)

With minimal spatter and fume generation rates,- UltraCore-® HD Marine gas-shielded, flux-cored wire electrode enables flat bead shape when welding at high deposition rates in all positions. (thomasnet.com)
The high deposition rates and low hydrogen levels make LH-D electrodes ideal for welding the high strength steel specific to this market. (lincolnelectric.com)

Highly n-type electrodes have a cleavage potential of - -0.6V (saturated calomel electrode), and highly p-type electodes have a value of - -0.2 V (saturated calomel electrode). (cdc.gov)

Anatomy7

Organisms3

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs18

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment48

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes17

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science1

Health Care4

Blockade of hippocampal long-term potentiation by sustained tetanic stimulation near the recording site. (1/3000)

LocaLisa: new technique for real-time 3-dimensional localization of regular intracardiac electrodes. (2/3000)

Synchronization of local neural networks in the somatosensory cortex: A comparison of stationary and moving stimuli. (3/3000)

Effect of biphasic shock duration on defibrillation threshold with different electrode configurations and phase 2 capacitances: prediction by upper-limit-of-vulnerability determination. (4/3000)

Chronic lithium treatment inhibits amiloride-sensitive sodium transport in the rat distal nephron. (5/3000)

Mapping of atrial activation with a noncontact, multielectrode catheter in dogs. (6/3000)

Intraoperative monitoring during surgery for acoustic neuroma: benefits of an extratympanic intrameatal electrode. (7/3000)

Non-invasive determination of bacterial single cell properties by electrorotation. (8/3000)

Electrodes

Electrodes, Implanted

Ion-Selective Electrodes

Electrochemistry

Electrochemical Techniques

Microelectrodes

Potentiometry

Fluorocarbon Polymers

Graphite

Biosensing Techniques

Equipment Design

Electric Stimulation

Gold

Cochlear Implants

Conductometry

Cochlear Implantation

Electric Impedance

Enzymes, Immobilized

Carbon

Electroencephalography

Electricity

Electric Stimulation Therapy

Equipment Failure Analysis

Bioelectric Energy Sources

Deep Brain Stimulation

Action Potentials

Electromyography

Tin Compounds

Silver Compounds

Electrophysiology

Platinum

Dielectric Spectroscopy

Calibration

Subdural Space

Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Polyvinyl Chloride

Ferrocyanides

Glucose Oxidase

Nanotubes, Carbon

Electric Countershock

Scala Tympani

Electronics

Neural Prostheses

Electrolysis

Glass

Visual Prosthesis

Loudness Perception

Flow Injection Analysis

Evoked Potentials

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Polarography

Membranes, Artificial

Electronics, Medical

Deafness

Limit of Detection

Electroplating

Time Factors

Oxidation-Reduction

Stereotaxic Techniques

Silver

Electric Conductivity

Catheter Ablation

Iridium

Cats

Membrane Potentials

Electrophoresis, Microchip

Electric Power Supplies

Electroporation

Dogs

Surface Properties

Evoked Potentials, Auditory

Neurophysiology

Polymers

Subthalamic Nucleus

Reproducibility of Results

Nanowires

Diamond

Neurons

Electrochemotherapy

Solar Energy