Eimeriidae
Eimeria
Isospora
Coccidiosis
Oocysts
Microscopy, Interference
Feces
Sarcocystidae
Encyclopedias as Topic
Extra-intestinal localization of Goussia sp. (Apicomplexa) oocysts in Rana dalmatina (Anura: Ranidae), and the fate of infection after metamorphosis. (1/5)
Although coccidia of the genus Goussia are common parasites of fish, only 2 species have been described in amphibians: G. hyperolisi from common reed frogs Hyperolius viridiflavus from Kenya and G. neglecta from unspecified European water frogs of the genus Rana from Germany. The genus Goussia is characterized by an oocyst, with a fine oocyst wall, containing 4 dizoic sporocysts that are composed of 2 valves joined by a longitudinal suture and lacking a Stieda body (typical for the genus Eimeria). To date, infections in amphibians were generally considered to be specific to the intestine of aquatic larval stages (tadpoles) of anurans. Herein, we report on: (1) the presence of oocysts of Goussia sp. in an extra-intestinal location (liver) of tadpoles of the agile frog R. dalmatina and (2) the presence of oocysts in the liver of both juvenile and subadult R. dalmatina. These observations represent novel traits for Goussia infections in amphibians; they may explain the vertical transmission of Goussia in tadpoles. (+info)Ultrastructural aspects of hepatic coccidiosis caused by Goussia lusca n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) infecting Trisopterus luscus (Gadidae) from the NE Atlantic Ocean. (2/5)
Goussia lusca n. sp. is described from the liver of pouting Trisopterus luscus from the NE Atlantic Ocean in Ibero-Atlantic Portuguese and Spanish waters. Mature oocysts were 31.7 (28.8 to 35.4) microm in diameter. Each oocyst contained 4 ellipsoidal sporocysts arranged in an aleatory position, and measuring approximately 13.7 x 9.2 microm. Each sporocyst contained 2 sporozoites. Ultrastructurally, the sporocyst wall consisted of a dense inner layer 115 nm thick, transversely striated, regularly intercalated by thin grooves with electron-lucent spaces, and separated from the outer layer by a thin, light (electron-lucent) space. The outer layer was multilamellated and consisted of parallel dense bands alternating with light spaces. These lamellae formed filamentous extensions of the wall. The dehiscence suture, a characteristic feature of the genus, was present in the sporocysts. No external clinical signs were observed in the host fish. Parasites observed in the liver tissue were often enveloped in a yellowish-brown matrix, generally known as 'yellow bodies'. Sometimes sporocysts were observed in direct contact with the liver cells. Parasites in degeneration and aggregations of amylopectin granules were frequently observed surrounded by host inflammatory cells. In severe infections, we observed large agglomerations of oocysts encapsulated by layers of concentrically arranged connective tissue forming large granulomas, which caused significant replacement of the host liver parenchyma by the parasite. (+info)Goussia molnarica n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Coccidia) infecting the gut of the freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus in Egypt. (3/5)
(+info)Isospora coerebae n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the bananaquit Coereba flaveola (Passeriformes: Coerebidae) in South America. (4/5)
The present study describes a new isosporoid coccidian parasite from the bananaquit Coereba flaveola, in Brazil. This new species is similar to I. cagasebi, but it can be distinguished by the size and shape of Stieda and susbstieda bodies. Isospora coerebae n. sp. oocysts are spheroidal to sub-spheroidal, 24.8 x 23.3 mum, with a smooth and bi-layered wall, ~1.2 mum. Micropyle, oocyst residuum and polar granule are absent. Sporocysts are elongate ovoidal, 17.9 x 10.9 mum. Stieda and substieda bodies are present. Sporocyst residuum is present and sporozoites have a posterior refractile body. (+info)A new species of Caryospora (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from the flathead snake, Tantilla gracilis (Ophidia: Colubridae), in southeastern Oklahoma. (5/5)
(+info)Eimeriidae is a family of protozoan parasites that includes several genera of coccidia, which are intracellular parasites that infect and replicate within the cells of various animals, including humans. The most well-known genus in this family is Eimeria, which contains many species that can cause coccidiosis in a variety of animals, including poultry, cattle, sheep, goats, and rabbits.
Coccidiosis is a disease that affects the intestinal tract and can lead to diarrhea, weight loss, and even death in severe cases. The parasites are typically transmitted through fecal-oral contact, either by ingesting contaminated food or water or by direct contact with infected animals.
Eimeriidae species have complex life cycles that involve several stages of development within the host's body. After ingestion, the parasites infect and replicate within intestinal epithelial cells, eventually leading to the release of new parasites into the environment through feces. These new parasites can then infect other hosts and continue the life cycle.
Prevention and control measures for coccidiosis typically involve good hygiene practices, such as cleaning and disinfecting contaminated surfaces and equipment, as well as the use of anticoccidial drugs to prevent or treat infections. Vaccination is also available for some species of Eimeria, although it may not be effective against all strains.
'Eimeria' is a genus of protozoan parasites that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. These microscopic organisms are known to cause a disease called coccidiosis in various animals, including birds, ruminants, and pigs. The life cycle of Eimeria involves both sexual and asexual reproduction, and it typically takes place within the intestinal cells of the host animal.
The infection can lead to a range of symptoms, such as diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and even death in severe cases, particularly in young animals. Eimeria species are highly host-specific, meaning that each species tends to infect only one type of animal. For example, Eimeria tenella primarily infects chickens, while Eimeria bovis is known to infect cattle.
Prevention and control measures for coccidiosis include good sanitation practices, such as cleaning and disinfecting animal living areas, as well as the use of anticoccidial drugs in feed or water to prevent infection. Additionally, vaccines are available for some Eimeria species to help protect animals from infection and reduce the severity of clinical signs.
Isospora is a genus of protozoan parasites that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. These parasites are the causative agents of coccidiosis, a type of gastrointestinal infection that primarily affects birds and mammals, including humans. The disease is characterized by watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting, and weight loss.
Isospora species have a complex life cycle that involves two hosts: an intermediate host, where the parasite reproduces asexually, and a definitive host, where the parasite undergoes sexual reproduction. The infectious stage of the parasite is called an oocyst, which is shed in the feces of the infected host and can survive in the environment for long periods. When ingested by another host, the oocyst releases sporozoites, which invade the intestinal cells and multiply, causing damage to the intestinal lining and leading to the symptoms of coccidiosis.
In humans, Isospora belli is the most common species that causes infection. It is typically transmitted through the fecal-oral route, either by ingesting contaminated food or water or by person-to-person contact. Immunocompromised individuals, such as those with HIV/AIDS, are at higher risk of developing severe and chronic infections with Isospora. Treatment usually involves the use of antiprotozoal drugs, such as trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Coccidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the Eimeria genus, which typically affects the intestinal tract of animals, including humans. The infection occurs when a person or animal ingests oocysts (the infective stage of the parasite) through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected feces.
In humans, coccidiosis is most commonly found in children living in poor sanitary conditions and in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy. The infection can cause watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. In severe cases, it may lead to dehydration, weight loss, and even death in individuals with compromised immune systems.
In animals, particularly in poultry, swine, and ruminants, coccidiosis can cause significant economic losses due to decreased growth rates, poor feed conversion, and increased mortality. Preventive measures include improving sanitation, reducing overcrowding, and administering anticoccidial drugs or vaccines.
An oocyst is a thick-walled, environmentally resistant spore-like structure produced by some protozoan parasites, such as Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora, during their life cycle. These oocysts can survive for long periods in the environment and can infect a host when ingested, leading to infection and disease. The term "oocyst" is specific to certain groups of protozoan parasites and should not be confused with other types of spores produced by fungi or bacteria.
Interference microscopy is a type of microscopy that uses the interference of light waves to enhance contrast and visualize details in a specimen. It is often used to measure thin transparent samples, such as cells or tissues, with very high precision. One common method of interference microscopy is phase contrast microscopy, which converts differences in the optical path length of light passing through the sample into changes in amplitude and/or phase of the transmitted light. This results in enhanced contrast and visibility of details that may be difficult to see using other forms of microscopy. Other types of interference microscopy include differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy, which uses polarized light to enhance contrast, and holographic microscopy, which records and reconstructs the wavefront of light passing through the sample to create a 3D image.
Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.
Sarcocystidae is a family of parasitic protozoa that are primarily known for infecting various animals, including both domestic and wild species. These parasites have a complex life cycle involving at least two hosts: a definitive host (usually a carnivore) and an intermediate host (usually a herbivore).
The most well-known genus within Sarcocystidae is Sarcocystis, which includes several species that can infect humans. Infection with these parasites typically occurs through the consumption of undercooked or raw meat containing Sarcocystis cysts. The resulting disease in humans is called sarcocystosis and can cause a range of symptoms depending on the species involved and the location of the cysts within the body.
It's worth noting that while Sarcocystidae includes several important parasites, it is not typically considered a medical term per se. Instead, it falls more under the purview of veterinary medicine and parasitology.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Reptiles" is not a medical term. It is a term used in biology to describe a class of cold-blooded, scaly-skinned animals that include snakes, lizards, alligators, crocodiles, turtles, and tortoises. They are characterized by having lungs for breathing, laying eggs on land, and having a three-chambered heart. If you have any medical questions or terms, I'd be happy to help clarify those!