A species of coccidian protozoa that mainly infects domestic poultry.
A genus of protozoan parasites of the subclass COCCIDIA. Various species are parasitic in the epithelial cells of the liver and intestines of man and other animals.
Protozoan infection found in animals and man. It is caused by several different genera of COCCIDIA.
Agents useful in the treatment or prevention of COCCIDIOSIS in man or animals.
Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.
Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.
Diseases of birds which are raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption and are usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc. The concept is differentiated from BIRD DISEASES which is for diseases of birds not considered poultry and usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild.
An anticoccidial agent mainly for poultry.
The product of meiotic division of zygotes in parasitic protozoa comprising haploid cells. These infective cells invade the host and undergo asexual reproduction producing MEROZOITES (or other forms) and ultimately gametocytes.
A phylum of unicellular parasitic EUKARYOTES characterized by the presence of complex apical organelles generally consisting of a conoid that aids in penetrating host cells, rhoptries that possibly secrete a proteolytic enzyme, and subpellicular microtubules that may be related to motility.
Uninuclear cells or a stage in the life cycle of sporozoan protozoa. Merozoites, released from ruptured multinucleate SCHIZONTS, enter the blood stream and infect the ERYTHROCYTES.
A plant genus of the family APIACEAE used in SPICES.
Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.
Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.
Proteins found in any species of protozoan.
The complete genetic complement contained in a set of CHROMOSOMES in a protozoan.
The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.
A family of flowering plants in the order Caryophyllales, with about 60 genera and more than 800 species of plants, with a few shrubs, trees, and vines. The leaves usually have nonindented edges.

DNA polymorphism of srRNA gene among Eimeria tenella strains isolated in Japan. (1/69)

DNA polymorphism in twelve starains of Eimeria tenella isolated from various places in Japan was examined using 1.l kb small subunits ribosomal RNA amplified by PCR. Genetic variation was evaluated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. DNA fingerprint patterns were grouped into two, indicating that at least two DNA polymorphisms exist in Japanese E. tenella strains.  (+info)

Eimeria tenella infection induces local gamma interferon production and intestinal lymphocyte subpopulation changes. (2/69)

The role of intestinal lymphocytes and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) production in protective immunity to Eimeria tenella infection was evaluated in two inbred strains of chickens (SC and TK) that display different patterns of susceptibility to coccidiosis. Oral inoculation of either strain with E. tenella led to parasite invasion of the intestinal cecum and cecal tonsils. Greater fecal oocyst shedding was seen in TK chickens. Flow cytometric analyses of cecal tonsil lymphocytes demonstrated greater numbers of CD4(+) and T-cell receptor gammadelta-positive (TCR1(+)) cells in SC chickens and elevated numbers of CD8(+) and TCR2(+) cells in TK chickens following primary infection. IFN-gamma mRNA expression was significantly increased in cecal tonsil and intraepithelial lymphocytes at days 6 and 8, respectively, after primary infection in SC compared to TK chickens. While no differences were noted between cecal tonsil lymphocytes of the two strains following secondary infection, TK chickens showed elevated IFN-gamma transcript levels in intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes at this time. Selective depletion of CD4(+), but not CD8(+), cecal tonsil lymphocytes in SC chickens resulted in a reduced IFN-gamma mRNA expression, indicating that CD4(+) cells are the primary source of this cytokine. Collectively, these results indicate that local lymphocyte responses and production of IFN-gamma are influenced by host genetic factors.  (+info)

Biotin-labeled proteins of Eimeria tenella sporozoite. (3/69)

To identify surface proteins of eimerian sporozoite, Eimeria tenella sporozoites were labeled with biotin-LC-hydrazide, and analyzed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and Western blotting. More than 200 sporozoite proteins were recognized with silver staining after 2D-PAGE. Among them, 7 biotin-labeled proteins were detected as surface molecules after Western blotting and reaction with horseradish peroxidase conjugated streptavidin. Their molecular masses ranged from 23 to 117 kilo daltons and their isoelectric points from 4.3 to 6.3. It appears that the biotin-labeling technique can be used to analyze of surface proteins of eimerian parasites.  (+info)

A genetic linkage map of the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Eimeria tenella. (4/69)

Apicomplexan protozoan parasites have complex life cycles that involve phases of asexual and sexual reproduction. Some genera have intermediate insect hosts, for example, Plasmodium spp. (the cause of malaria), but related genera such as Eimeria spp. (causative agents of coccidiosis in poultry) have a direct life cycle occurring in only a single host. Mechanisms that regulate the life cycles of apicomplexan parasites are unknown, but the intracellular growth of avian Eimeria spp. is easily shortened by serial selection for the first parasites to complete the transition from asexual to sexual reproduction (to yield so-called precocious lines). To investigate the genetic basis of such an abbreviated life cycle, we have used the species E. tenella and analyzed the inheritance of 443 polymorphic DNA markers in 22 recombinant cloned progeny derived from a cross between parents that had selectable phenotypes of precocious development or resistance to an anticoccidial drug. The markers were placed in 16 linkage groups (which defined 12 chromosomes) and a further 57 unlinked groups. Two linkage groups showed an association (P =.0105) with the traits of precocious development or drug-resistance and were mapped to chromosome 2 (ca 1.2 Mbp) and chromosome 1 (ca 1.0 Mbp), respectively. The map provides a framework for further studies on the identification of genetic loci implicated in the regulation of the life cycle of an important protozoan parasite and a representative of a major taxonomic group. [A table with the segregation data is available as an online supplement at http://www.genome.org.]  (+info)

Microbial and chemical conversion of antibiotic K41. II. Preparation of K41-DA1, -DA2 and -DA3 deamicetosyl derivatives of antibiotic K41. (5/69)

Antibiotic derivative K41-DA1, -DA2 and -DA3 (2 approximately 4), deamicetosyl derivatives of antibiotic K41 (1), were prepared by acidic degradation of K41 and following hydrogenation reaction. K41-DA2 (3) showed comparable antimicrobial activities to K41 in vitro but not in vivo.  (+info)

Analysis of chicken mucosal immune response to Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima infection by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. (6/69)

The recent cloning of chicken genes coding for interleukins, chemokines, and other proteins involved in immune regulation and inflammation allowed us to analyze their expression during infection with Eimeria. The expression levels of different genes in jejunal and cecal RNA extracts isolated from uninfected chickens and chickens infected with Eimeria maxima or E. tenella were measured using a precise quantitative reverse transcription-PCR technique. Seven days after E. tenella infection, expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA was increased 80-fold. Among the chemokines analyzed, the CC chemokines K203 (200-fold) and macrophage inflammatory factor 1beta (MIP-1beta) (80-fold) were strongly upregulated in the infected ceca, but the CXC chemokines IL-8 and K60 were not. However, the CXC chemokines were expressed at very high levels in uninfected cecal extracts. The levels of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) (300-fold), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (200-fold), and myelomonocytic growth factor (MGF) (50-fold) were also highly upregulated during infection with E. tenella, whereas cyclooxygenase 2 showed a more modest (13-fold) increase. The genes upregulated during E. tenella infection were generally also upregulated during E. maxima infection but at a lower magnitude except for those encoding MIP-1beta and MGF. For these two cytokines, no significant change in expression levels was observed after E. maxima infection. CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes may participate in the IFN-gamma upregulation observed after infection, since both recruitment and upregulation of the IFN-gamma mRNA level were observed in the infected jejunal mucosa. Moreover, in the chicken macrophage cell line HD-11, CC chemokines, MGF, IL-1beta, and iNOS were inducible by IFN-gamma, suggesting that macrophages may be one of the cell populations involved in the upregulation of these cytokines observed in vivo during infection with Eimeria.  (+info)

Domains of invasion organelle proteins from apicomplexan parasites are homologous with the Apple domains of blood coagulation factor XI and plasma pre-kallikrein and are members of the PAN module superfamily. (7/69)

Micronemes are specialised organelles, found in all apicomplexan parasites, which secrete molecules that are essential for parasite attachment to and invasion of host cells. Regions of several microneme proteins have sequence similarity to the Apple domains (A-domains) of blood coagulation factor XI (FXI) and plasma pre-kallikrein (PK). We have used mass spectrometry on a recombinant-expressed, putative A-domain from the microneme protein EtMIC5 from Eimeria tenella, to demonstrate that three intramolecular disulphide bridges are formed. These bridges are analogous to those that stabilise A-domains in FXI and PK. The data confirm that the apicomplexan domains are structural homologues of A-domains and are therefore novel members of the PAN module superfamily, which also includes the N-terminal domains of members of the plasminogen/hepatocyte growth factor family. The role of A-domains/PAN modules in apicomplexan parasites is not known, but their presence in the microneme suggests that they may be important for mediating protein-protein or protein-carbohydrate interactions during parasite attachment and host cell invasion.  (+info)

Purification and molecular characterization of cGMP-dependent protein kinase from Apicomplexan parasites. A novel chemotherapeutic target. (8/69)

The trisubstituted pyrrole 4-[2-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-(1-methylpiperidine-4-yl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]pyridine (Compound 1) inhibits the growth of Eimeria spp. both in vitro and in vivo. The molecular target of Compound 1 was identified as cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) using a tritiated analogue to purify a approximately 120-kDa protein from lysates of Eimeria tenella. This represents the first example of a protozoal PKG. Cloning of PKG from several Apicomplexan parasites has identified a parasite signature sequence of nearly 300 amino acids that is not found in mammalian or Drosophila PKG and which contains an additional, third cGMP-binding site. Nucleotide cofactor regulation of parasite PKG is remarkably different from mammalian enzymes. The activity of both native and recombinant E. tenella PKG is stimulated 1000-fold by cGMP, with significant cooperativity. Two isoforms of the parasite enzyme are expressed from a single copy gene. NH(2)-terminal sequence of the soluble isoform of PKG is consistent with alternative translation initiation within the open reading frame of the enzyme. A larger, membrane-associated isoform corresponds to the deduced full-length protein sequence. Compound 1 is a potent inhibitor of both soluble and membrane-associated isoforms of native PKG, as well as recombinant enzyme, with an IC(50) of <1 nm.  (+info)

'Eimeria tenella' is a species of intracellular parasitic protozoa belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa. It is one of the several Eimeria species that cause coccidiosis, a common and economically significant intestinal disease in poultry.

Eimeria tenella primarily infects the caeca (plural of cecum) of chickens, turkeys, and other birds. The life cycle of this parasite involves several stages, including sporulation, ingestion, excystation, merogony, gametogony, and oocyst shedding.

The oocysts are passed in the feces of infected birds and can survive in the environment for long periods. Once ingested by another bird, the oocysts release sporozoites, which invade the epithelial cells lining the caeca. Here, they undergo asexual reproduction (merogony), producing numerous merozoites that infect neighboring cells.

After several rounds of merogony, the parasite enters the sexual phase of its life cycle (gametogony). Male and female gametes fuse to form zygotes, which develop into oocysts and are shed in the feces, completing the life cycle.

Clinical signs of Eimeria tenella infection include diarrhea, bloody droppings, decreased appetite, weight loss, and decreased egg production. Severe infections can lead to death, particularly in young birds. Coccidiosis is typically treated with anticoccidial drugs, which are added to the feed or water of infected birds. Good management practices, such as proper sanitation and biosecurity, can help prevent the spread of Eimeria tenella and other coccidian species.

'Eimeria' is a genus of protozoan parasites that belong to the phylum Apicomplexa. These microscopic organisms are known to cause a disease called coccidiosis in various animals, including birds, ruminants, and pigs. The life cycle of Eimeria involves both sexual and asexual reproduction, and it typically takes place within the intestinal cells of the host animal.

The infection can lead to a range of symptoms, such as diarrhea, weight loss, dehydration, and even death in severe cases, particularly in young animals. Eimeria species are highly host-specific, meaning that each species tends to infect only one type of animal. For example, Eimeria tenella primarily infects chickens, while Eimeria bovis is known to infect cattle.

Prevention and control measures for coccidiosis include good sanitation practices, such as cleaning and disinfecting animal living areas, as well as the use of anticoccidial drugs in feed or water to prevent infection. Additionally, vaccines are available for some Eimeria species to help protect animals from infection and reduce the severity of clinical signs.

Coccidiosis is a parasitic infection caused by protozoa of the Eimeria genus, which typically affects the intestinal tract of animals, including humans. The infection occurs when a person or animal ingests oocysts (the infective stage of the parasite) through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with infected feces.

In humans, coccidiosis is most commonly found in children living in poor sanitary conditions and in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or organ transplant recipients on immunosuppressive therapy. The infection can cause watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. In severe cases, it may lead to dehydration, weight loss, and even death in individuals with compromised immune systems.

In animals, particularly in poultry, swine, and ruminants, coccidiosis can cause significant economic losses due to decreased growth rates, poor feed conversion, and increased mortality. Preventive measures include improving sanitation, reducing overcrowding, and administering anticoccidial drugs or vaccines.

Coccidiostats are a type of medication used to prevent and treat coccidiosis, which is an infection caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Coccidia. These medications work by inhibiting the growth and reproduction of the parasites in the gastrointestinal tract of animals, particularly poultry and livestock.

Coccidiostats are commonly added to animal feed to prevent infection and reduce the spread of coccidiosis within a flock or herd. They can also be used to treat active infections, often in combination with other medications. Common examples of coccidiostats include sulfaquinoxaline, monensin, and lasalocid.

It's important to note that the use of coccidiostats in food-producing animals is regulated by government agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA) to ensure their safe use and to minimize the risk of residues in animal products.

An oocyst is a thick-walled, environmentally resistant spore-like structure produced by some protozoan parasites, such as Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora, during their life cycle. These oocysts can survive for long periods in the environment and can infect a host when ingested, leading to infection and disease. The term "oocyst" is specific to certain groups of protozoan parasites and should not be confused with other types of spores produced by fungi or bacteria.

"Chickens" is a common term used to refer to the domesticated bird, Gallus gallus domesticus, which is widely raised for its eggs and meat. However, in medical terms, "chickens" is not a standard term with a specific definition. If you have any specific medical concern or question related to chickens, such as food safety or allergies, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate answer.

Poultry diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious disorders that affect domesticated birds, particularly those raised for meat, egg, or feather production. These diseases can be caused by various factors including viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, genetic predisposition, environmental conditions, and management practices.

Infectious poultry diseases are often highly contagious and can lead to significant economic losses in the poultry industry due to decreased production, increased mortality, and reduced quality of products. Some examples of infectious poultry diseases include avian influenza, Newcastle disease, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, mycoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and coccidiosis.

Non-infectious poultry diseases can be caused by factors such as poor nutrition, environmental stressors, and management issues. Examples of non-infectious poultry diseases include ascites, fatty liver syndrome, sudden death syndrome, and various nutritional deficiencies.

Prevention and control of poultry diseases typically involve a combination of biosecurity measures, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, good management practices, and monitoring for early detection and intervention. Rapid and accurate diagnosis of poultry diseases is crucial to implementing effective treatment and prevention strategies, and can help minimize the impact of disease outbreaks on both individual flocks and the broader poultry industry.

Robenidine is not a medication that has been approved for use in humans or animals by regulatory agencies such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) or the European Medicines Agency (EMA). Therefore, there is no established medical definition for this compound.

However, Robenidine is a chemical compound with the molecular formula C10H14ClNO2. It has been studied in laboratory experiments as a potential antiparasitic agent, but its development as a medication has not progressed beyond that stage.

It's important to note that just because a compound has been studied for its potential therapeutic effects does not mean that it is safe or effective for use in humans or animals. All medications must undergo rigorous testing and clinical trials to establish their safety and efficacy before they can be approved for use.

Sporozoites are a stage in the life cycle of certain parasitic protozoans, including Plasmodium species that cause malaria. They are infective forms that result from the sporulation of oocysts, which are produced in the vector's midgut after the ingestion of gametocytes during a blood meal.

Once mature, sporozoites are released from the oocyst and migrate to the salivary glands of the vector, where they get injected into the host during subsequent feedings. In the host, sporozoites infect liver cells, multiply within them, and eventually rupture the cells, releasing merozoites that invade red blood cells and initiate the erythrocytic stage of the parasite's life cycle.

Sporozoites are typically highly motile and possess a unique gliding motility, which enables them to traverse various host tissues during their invasion process. This invasive ability is facilitated by an actin-myosin motor system and secretory organelles called micronemes and rhoptries, which release adhesive proteins that interact with host cell receptors.

In summary, sporozoites are a crucial stage in the life cycle of Plasmodium parasites, serving as the infective forms responsible for transmitting malaria between hosts via an insect vector.

Apicomplexa is a phylum of single-celled, parasitic organisms that includes several medically important genera, such as Plasmodium (which causes malaria), Toxoplasma (which causes toxoplasmosis), and Cryptosporidium (which causes cryptosporidiosis). These organisms are characterized by the presence of a unique apical complex, which is a group of specialized structures at one end of the cell that are used during invasion and infection of host cells. They have a complex life cycle involving multiple stages, including sexual and asexual reproduction, often in different hosts. Many Apicomplexa are intracellular parasites, meaning they live and multiply inside the cells of their hosts.

Merozoites are infective forms of certain protozoan parasites, including those that cause malaria. They are produced during the asexual reproduction of these parasites within the red blood cells of their hosts. Merozoites are released from the infected red blood cells when they rupture and can then invade other red blood cells to continue the cycle of infection. These organisms have an outer membrane that allows them to interact with and invade host cells, and they contain proteins on their surface that help them evade the host's immune system. Merozoites are typically small, oval-shaped structures that measure around 1 micrometer in diameter.

"Foeniculum" is the genus name for a plant species that includes fennel. In a medical context, fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is known for its seeds and essential oil, which have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes such as improving digestion, reducing bloating, and alleviating menstrual discomfort. The seeds and oil contain several compounds with potential therapeutic effects, including anethole, fenchone, and estragole. However, it's important to note that the use of fennel in modern medicine is not well-studied, and more research is needed to establish its safety and efficacy.

There is no medical definition for "Protozoan Vaccines" as such because there are currently no licensed vaccines available for human protozoan diseases. Protozoa are single-celled microorganisms that can cause various diseases in humans, such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and leishmaniasis.

Researchers have been working on developing vaccines against some of these diseases, but none have yet been approved for use in humans. Therefore, it is not possible to provide a medical definition for "Protozoan Vaccines" as a recognized category of vaccines.

Antigens are substances (usually proteins) found on the surface of cells, or viruses, that can be recognized by the immune system and stimulate an immune response. In the context of protozoa, antigens refer to the specific proteins or other molecules found on the surface of these single-celled organisms that can trigger an immune response in a host organism.

Protozoa are a group of microscopic eukaryotic organisms that include a diverse range of species, some of which can cause diseases in humans and animals. When a protozoan infects a host, the host's immune system recognizes the protozoan antigens as foreign and mounts an immune response to eliminate the infection. This response involves the activation of various types of immune cells, such as T-cells and B-cells, which recognize and target the protozoan antigens.

Understanding the nature of protozoan antigens is important for developing vaccines and other immunotherapies to prevent or treat protozoan infections. For example, researchers have identified specific antigens on the surface of the malaria parasite that are recognized by the human immune system and have used this information to develop vaccine candidates. However, many protozoan infections remain difficult to prevent or treat, and further research is needed to identify new targets for vaccines and therapies.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Protozoan Proteins" is not a specific medical or scientific term. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic organisms, and proteins are large biological molecules consisting of one or more chains of amino acid residues. Therefore, "Protozoan Proteins" generally refers to the various types of proteins found in protozoa.

However, if you're looking for information about proteins specific to certain protozoan parasites with medical relevance (such as Plasmodium falciparum, which causes malaria), I would be happy to help! Please provide more context or specify the particular protozoan of interest.

A protozoan genome refers to the complete set of genetic material or DNA present in a protozoan organism. Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotic microorganisms that lack cell walls and have diverse morphology and nutrition modes. The genome of a protozoan includes all the genes that code for proteins, as well as non-coding DNA sequences that regulate gene expression and other cellular processes.

The size and complexity of protozoan genomes can vary widely depending on the species. Some protozoa have small genomes with only a few thousand genes, while others have larger genomes with tens of thousands of genes or more. The genome sequencing of various protozoan species has provided valuable insights into their evolutionary history, biology, and potential as model organisms for studying eukaryotic cellular processes.

It is worth noting that the study of protozoan genomics is still an active area of research, and new discoveries are continually being made about the genetic diversity and complexity of these fascinating microorganisms.

The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and large intestines. It is a pouch-like structure that connects to the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the ascending colon (the first part of the large intestine). The cecum is where the appendix is attached. Its function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and it also serves as a site for the fermentation of certain types of dietary fiber by gut bacteria. However, the exact functions of the cecum are not fully understood.

Amaranthaceae is a family of flowering plants also known as the amaranth family. It includes a wide variety of plants, such as amaranths, beets, spinach, and tumbleweeds. These plants are characterized by their small to minute flowers that are usually arranged in dense spikes or clusters. The leaves can be simple or compound, and the plant can take various forms, including herbs, shrubs, and trees. Some members of this family contain betalains, which are red, yellow, or purple pigments found in the stems, roots, and flowers of certain plants. These pigments have antioxidant properties and are used as food colorings. Many species in Amaranthaceae are important crops for human consumption, providing sources of carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins, and minerals.

... is a species of Eimeria that causes hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry. It is found worldwide. This ... Eimeria tenella has a monogenetic life cycle, that is, the life cycle involves a single host. Various stages of its complicated ... The beginning of complex life cycle of Eimeria tenella may be taken to be initiated by infection of epithelial cells of host ... The sporozoite then migrates to its preferred site of development (the caeca in the case of Eimeria tenella) and invades the ...
Cai X, Fuller AL, McDougald LR, Zhu G (December 2003). "Apicoplast genome of the coccidian Eimeria tenella". Gene. 321: 39-46. ...
... tedlai Eimeria tenella Eimeria truncata Eimeria truttae Eimeria uekii Eimeria uniungulati Eimeria ursini Eimeria vilasi ... Eimeria grenieri Eimeria guevarai Eimeria hagani Eimeria haneki Eimeria hasei Eimeria hawkinsi Eimeria hermani Eimeria hindlei ... Eimeria nocens Eimeria nyroca Eimeria ojastii Eimeria ojibwana Eimeria onychomysis Eimeria oryzomysi Eimeria oryxae Eimeria os ... Eimeria osmeri Eimeria ovata Eimeria ovinoidalis Eimeria palustris Eimeria papillata Eimeria parvula Eimeria pigra Eimeria ...
"Bacterial Population Changes in the Ceca of Young Chickens Infected with Eimeria tenella". Journal of Bacteriology. 56 (5): 635 ...
March 2007). "Sequencing and analysis of chromosome 1 of Eimeria tenella reveals a unique segmental organization". Genome ...
In 1949 it found a strain of Eimeria tenella known as the Houghton strain, which allowed the researchers to study the Eimeria ...
Babesia divergens Balantidium coli Besnoitia besnoiti Cryptosporidium parvum Eimeria acervulina Eimeria tenella Giardia lamblia ...
... eimeria MeSH B01.500.841.075.189.250.250.250.250 - eimeria tenella MeSH B01.500.841.075.189.250.250.400 - isospora MeSH B01.500 ...
... non-photosynthetic plastids of pathogenic protozoa such as Toxoplasma gondii and Eimeria tenella). Mitochondrial 5S rRNAs of ...
Genus Eimeria affects birds such as poultry and mammals such as cattle and rabbits. Species include E. tenella, E. brunetti, E ... Symptoms are generally caused by the species Eimeria zuernii and Eimeria bovis and include loss of appetite, fatigue, ... Lassen, B; Viltrop, A; Raaperi, K; Järvis, T (2009). "Eimeria and Cryptosporidium in Estonian dairy farms in regard to age, ... Lassen, B; Østergaard, S (2012). "Estimation of the economical effects of Eimeria infections in Estonian dairy herds using a ...
He identified two subspecies: Sorex tenellus tenellus (the nominate subspecies) and Sorex tenellus nanus (which has since been ... Eimeria inyoni. The parasite, of the subclass Coccidia, was noted for its thin, smooth cell wall. The IUCN classifies the Inyo ... Sorex tenellus lyelli and Sorex tenellus myops - from specimens collected the previous summer. Sorex tenellus lyelli is now ... Sorex tenellus was first described by Clinton Hart Merriam in 1895. The type locality, Lone Pine Creek, is located in Inyo ...
S. tenella is a synonym of S. ovicanis.[citation needed] Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis Miescher, F. (1843). "Ueber ... related to Toxoplasma and Eimeria. The lifecycle remained unknown until 1970, when bradyzoites from sarcocysts in bird muscles ... Sheep may be infected by four recognized species of Sarcocystis: S. arieticanis and S. tenella (S. ovicanis) are pathogenic; S ... S. arieticanis and S. tenella both produce extraintestinal disease. Anemia, anorexia, ataxia, and abortions are the chief ...
Eimeria tenella is a species of Eimeria that causes hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry. It is found worldwide. This ... Eimeria tenella has a monogenetic life cycle, that is, the life cycle involves a single host. Various stages of its complicated ... The beginning of complex life cycle of Eimeria tenella may be taken to be initiated by infection of epithelial cells of host ... The sporozoite then migrates to its preferred site of development (the caeca in the case of Eimeria tenella) and invades the ...
Our results extended the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic modification system to E. tenella, and opened a new avenue ... tenella, and showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system mediates site-specific double-strand DNA breaks with a single guide RNA. Using ... Eimeria tenella has emerged as valuable model organism for studying the biology and immunology of protozoan parasites with the ... Transgenic Eimeria tenella expressing profilin of Eimeria maxima elicits enhanced protective immunity and alters gut microbiome ...
SLAMET RIJADI, 068511027 (1992) PENGARUH INFEKSI OOKISTA EIMERIA TENELLA TERHADAP KERADANGAN SEKUM AYAM PEDAGING. Skripsi ... Terdapat 4 perlakuan,.P1 ( ~n:rek~i ookista E. tenella doais 0 I kontrol 1. P2 ( 1nieka1 OOk1Sta E. tenelIa doars 20.000 l ... Pene11tian ini untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana pengaruh in1eksi ookista Eimeria tanella terhadap keradang an aekum ayam ... tenella menyebabkan penebalan dinding sekum dan-pe ningkaO:Can juiDlah eosinofU yang menginfiltrasi tunika pro pria sekum ...
... tenella are UAU, UGU, GUA, CAU, AUA, CGA, UUA, CUA, CGU and AGU. Subsequent analysis of the E. tenella complete coding ... More than 15,000 partial sequences were generated from the 5 and 3 ends of clones randomly selected from an E. tenella second ... Characterisation of the E. tenella transcriptome may provide a better understanding of the biology of the parasite and aid in ... This paper describes the generation and characterisation of full-length cDNA sequences from E. tenella second generation ...
The aim of this study was to develop and validate an ELISA for detecting chicken antibodies to Eimeria tenella. An initial ... Discrimination between sera from birds experimentally infected with E. tenella and birds maintained in an Eimeria-free ... Development and validation of an ELISA for detecting antibodies to Eimeria tenella in chickens ... Development and validation of an ELISA for detecting antibodies to Eimeria tenella in chickens. Veterinary Parasitology, 150 (4 ...
Eimeria tenella Eimeria-specific protein that interacts with apical membrane antigen 1 (EtAMA1) is involved in host cell ...
... were studied with animal experiment following per oral administration with Eimeria (E.) tenella. This experiment was performed ... These results demonstrate that TTE produce anticoccidial activities against E. tenella. TTE could be a promising treatment for ... tenella. The anti-coccidial activity were evaluated with oocysts shedding numbers in stools, body weights changes and food ... et al. Anti-coccidial activity of the ethanol extract of Tribulus terrestris fruits on Eimeria tenella. Lab Anim Res 34, 44-47 ...
Return to Article Details Detection of Immunoglobulin Geneheavy Chain Binding Protein in Eimeria tenella Collected from ...
All chicks were orally introduced with an amount of 5 × 104 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at 24 d of age. The growth ... Higher Met levels helped the medicated chickens resist E. tenella infection, as indicated by improved intestinal morphology and ... tenella-challenged condition. Two thousand male Partridge Shank broiler chicks were obtained from a hatchery. After hatch, ... dietary Met levels will improve the anticoccidial effects in broilers medicated or vaccinated against coccidia under Eimeria (E ...
N2 - Background: The development of vaccine to control coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) in chickens is ... AB - Background: The development of vaccine to control coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) in chickens is ... abstract = "Background: The development of vaccine to control coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) in chickens is ... Background: The development of vaccine to control coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) in chickens is ...
Thyme essential oil and its phenolic derivatives are effective anticoccidial and antibacterial against Eimeria tenella and ... Coccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, is one of the main threats for aviculture, as it causes severe ... Coccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, is one of the main threats for aviculture, as it causes severe ... For the invasion assay, confluent Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells were challenged with E. tenella sporozoites (5x104/cm2), ...
Expression of perforin, granzyme A and Fas ligand mRNA in caecal tissues upon Eimeria tenella infection of naïve and immune ... Expression of perforin, granzyme A and Fas ligand mRNA in caecal tissues upon Eimeria tenella infection of naïve and immune ...
Concatenated mitochondrial DNA of the coccidian parasite Eimeria tenella. Mitochondrion. 2011;11:273-8. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... 50 copies/nuclear genome in Eimeria tenella [22], 20 copies/nuclear genome in Plasmodium falciparum [23], and 150 copies/ ... Genetic similarities between Cyclospora cayetanensis and cecum-infecting avian Eimeria spp. in apicoplast and mitochondrial ...
Effects of Eimeria tenella on cecal luminal and mucosal microbiota in broiler chickens - (Peer Reviewed Journal) ... Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum in broiler chickens - ... Effects of Eimeria tenella on cecal luminal and mucosal microbiota in broiler chickens. Avian Diseases. 66(1):1-14. https://doi ... Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum in broiler chickens. ...
Morishima H, Baba E, Fukata T, Arakawa A (1984) Effect of Eimeria tenella infection in chickens fed the feed artificially ... Youn HJ, Noh JW (2001) Screening of the anticoccidial effects of herb extracts against Eimeria tenella. Vet Parasitol 96:257- ... Efficacy of an oral solution prepared from the Ultrasonic Extract of Radix dichroae roots against Eimeria tenella in broiler ... suspension against Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii in calves and observations on the associated immunopathology. Parasitol ...
Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima are the most common species causing coccidiosis in chickens.2 Clinical ... Eimeria tenella infections in chickens: aspects of host-parasite: interaction. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 54: 231-238. ... Eimeria tenella infections in chickens: aspects of host-parasite: interaction. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 54: 231-238. ... Eimeria tenella infections in chickens: aspects of host-parasite: interaction. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 1996; 54: 231-238. ...
2003) Apicoplast genome of the coccidian Eimeria tenella Gene 321:39-46. ... in Toxoplasma and Eimeria) in a continuous rpoC2 (Cai et al., 2003; Wilson et al., 1996). We instead find that all apicomplexan ...
Vaccination against Eimeria tenella infection using a fraction of E. tenella sporozoites selected by the capacity to activate T ... At 8 days after a primary Eimeria tenella infection, a subset of T cells, of which the protective role is as yet unclear, ... With the emergence of Eimeria strains that are resistant to these drugs the use and number of commercially available vaccines ...
Dual RNA-seq transcriptome analysis of caecal tissue during primary Eimeria tenella infection in chickens [Article]. Bmc ... infected in vitro with Eimeria tenella [Article]. Parasitology, 148(6), 712-725, Article Pii s0031182021000111. https://doi.org ...
A new adenovirus based vaccine vector expressing an Eimeria tenella derived TLR agonist improves cellular immune responses to ...
This vaccine contains the oocysts of Eimeria maxima, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria tenella and has shown to aid in the ...
RNA Seq analysis of the Eimeria tenella gametocyte transcriptome reveals clues about the molecular basis for sexual ...
... we have reconstructed the entire apical end of Eimeria tenella sporozoites; we report a detailed dissection of the three- ... Cellular electron tomography of the apical complex in the apicomplexan parasite Eimeria tenella shows a highly organised ...
Brown, Samantha M. A. (1997) Studies on the adaptations for survival and invasion by Cryptosporidium and Eimeria tenella. PhD ... Denton, Helen (1996) Studies on the energy metabolism of Eimeria tenella and other coccidia. PhD thesis, University of Glasgow ... Schaeffer, Marie (2005) Studies on cathepsin B of Eimeria tenella and pyroglutamyl peptidase of Leishmania major. PhD thesis, ...
... intestinal morphology and microflora of chickens infected with Eimeria tenella," Veterinary Parasitology, vol. 188, no. 1-2, pp ...
Eimeria species have complex life-cycles consisting of three developmental stages. However, the molecular basis of the Eimeria ... Total RNA extracted from second- (MZ-2) and third-generation merozoites (MZ-3) of Eimeria necatrix was subjected to ... It also provides valuable resources for future studies on Eimeria, and provides insight into the understanding of reproductive ... Eimeria is a common genus of apicomplexan parasites that infect diverse vertebrates, most notably poultry, causing serious ...
Eimeria acervulina, strain 044, live / Eimeria maxima, strain 013, live / Eimeria praecox, strain 007, live / Eimeria tenella, ... Eimeria acervulina, strain 044, live / Eimeria maxima, strain 013, live / Eimeria praecox, strain 007, live / Eimeria tenella, ... Eimeria maxima, strain 013, live / Eimeria praecox, strain 007, live / Eimeria tenella, strain 004, live (ATCvet code QI01AN01 ... intestinal lesions and oocysts output associated with coccidiosis caused by Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima and Eimeria ...
Rapidtest Eimeria Tenella. Rapidtest. Read more » DiaCow rapid test for calves diarrhoea. Rapid test detecting Rota, ...
Molecular and biochemical characterization of Eimeria tenella hexokinase. Parasitol Res. 2016;115:3425-33. ...
Deccox coccidiostat is a Type A medicated article for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers caused by Eimeria tenella, E. ...
  • Relative virulences of a drug-resistant and a drug- sensitive strain of Eimeria acervulina, a coccidium of chickens. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Effects of Eimeria acervulina infection on the luminal and mucosal microbiota of the duodenum and jejunum in broiler chickens. (usda.gov)
  • A temporal investigation of genes associated with intestinal homeostasis in broiler chickens following a single infection with Eimeria acervulina. (usda.gov)
  • This vaccine contains the oocysts of Eimeria maxima, Eimeria acervulina , and Eimeria tenella and has shown to aid in the prevention of coccidiosis. (drugs.com)
  • Evanovo is a live attenuated parasitic vaccine against coccidiosis in chickens containing Eimeria acervulina , strain 044, live / Eimeria maxima , strain 013, live / Eimeria praecox , strain 007, live / Eimeria tenella , strain 004, live (ATCvet code QI01AN01) as active substance . (europa.eu)
  • The benefits of Evanovo are its efficaciousness for the active immunisation of chickens to reduce clinical signs (diarrhoea), intestinal lesions and oocysts output associated with coccidiosis caused by Eimeria acervulina , Eimeria maxima and Eimeria praecox , and for the reduction of clinical signs, intestinal lesions and oocysts output associated with coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella . (europa.eu)
  • Zoetis Deccox coccidiostat is a Type A medicated article for the prevention of coccidiosis in broilers caused by Eimeria tenella, E. necatrix, E. acervulina, E. mivati, E. maxima and E. brunetti. (wattagnet.com)
  • It gives active immunisation to the chicks against Eimeria acervulina, maxima, mitis, praecox and tenella. (poultryworld.net)
  • The beginning of complex life cycle of Eimeria tenella may be taken to be initiated by infection of epithelial cells of host cecum by sporozoites. (wikipedia.org)
  • Wild-type (WT) E. tenella sporozoites were transfected with the circular plasmid and then cultured in vitro or inoculated into the chicks for in vivo propagation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • For the invasion assay, confluent Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells were challenged with E. tenella sporozoites (5x104/cm2), without (control) or with various treatments: salinomycin (5 ppm), thyme oil (40 ppm, thymol content 50%), thymol, carvacrol or eugenol (20 ppm each). (unibo.it)
  • Lee HA, Hong S, Chung Y, Kim O. Sensitive and specific identification by polymerase chain reaction of Eimeria tenella and Eimeria maxima, important protozoan pathogens in laboratory avian facilities. (biomedcentral.com)
  • All chicks were orally introduced with an amount of 5 × 10 4 sporulated oocysts of E. tenella at 24 d of age. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The yeast was molecularly identified as Meyerozyma guilliermondii, and its anticoccidial activity against Eimeria tenella oocysts was assessed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Higher Met levels helped the medicated chickens resist E. tenella infection, as indicated by improved intestinal morphology and immune functions as well as decreased cecal lesion and fecal oocyst counts. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Furthermore, higher dietary Met levels improved growth performance of chickens medicated rather than vaccinated against coccidia under E. tenella -challenged condition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Background: The development of vaccine to control coccidiosis caused by Eimeria tenella (E. tenella) in chickens is intensifying because of the increasing threat of drug resistance to anticoccidial agents. (unair.ac.id)
  • Conclusion: The low number virulent E. tenella had low reproductive index and few histopathological changes effect that represents a promising strategy to prevent cecal coccidiosis in chickens. (unair.ac.id)
  • Impact of Meyerozyma guilliermondii isolated from chickens against Eimeria sp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coccidiosis in chickens is a complex disease caused by one or more of several Eimeria species [ 7 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With its distinct biology and immunology, the Eimeria parasite also holds promise as a model organism for protozoan research. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Avian coccidiosis is a disease caused worldwide by several species of parasite Eimeria that causes significant economic losses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Total RNA extracted from second- (MZ-2) and third-generation merozoites (MZ-3) of Eimeria necatrix was subjected to transcriptome analysis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) followed by qRT-PCR validation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coccidiosis, caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Eimeria, is one of the main threats for aviculture, as it causes severe hemorrhagic diarrhea and acts as a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis, whose causative agent is Clostridium perfringens. (unibo.it)
  • These results demonstrate that TTE produce anticoccidial activities against E. tenella . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Kaingu F, Liu D, Wang L, Tao J, Waihenya R, Kutima H. Anticoccidial effects of Aloe secundiflora leaf extract against Eimeria tenella in broiler chicken. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The present study is aimed to investigate whether increasing dietary Met levels will improve the anticoccidial effects in broilers medicated or vaccinated against coccidia under Eimeria (E.) tenella -challenged condition. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The aim of this study was to investigate in vitro the anticoccidial and anticlostridial efficacy of thyme essential oil and its main phenolic bioactive compounds (thymol, carvacrol and eugenol) against E. tenella and C. perfringens, respectively by invasion and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays, in comparison with conventional antibiotics. (unibo.it)
  • In conclusion, both thyme essential oil and its main phenolic bioactive compounds demonstrated anticoccidial and bactericidal activity against E. tenella and C. perfringens in vitro. (unibo.it)
  • Due to lack of efficient in vitro tissue culture model and an effective selection marker, the technical capability for genetic modification of Eimeria has lagged behind for that of Toxoplasma and Plasmodium . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Stotish RL, Wang CC, Meyenhofer M. Structure and composition of the oocyst wall of Eimeria tenella. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The group 1 was chicken group without virulent E. tenella oocyst inoculation. (unair.ac.id)
  • The group 2, 3 and group 4 were chicken group inoculated with virulent E. tenella oocyst at doses of 1.0 x 10 2 , 2.0 x 10 2 , 3.0 x 10 2 , respectively. (unair.ac.id)
  • Then all chicken groups were challenged with E. tenella oocyst at doses of 1.0 x 10 3 . (unair.ac.id)
  • Eimeria tenella is a species of Eimeria that causes hemorrhagic cecal coccidiosis in young poultry. (wikipedia.org)
  • Furthermore the cross-reactivity of these antigens with sera from birds infected with chicken Eimeria species was similar. (qld.gov.au)
  • Eimeria species have complex life-cycles consisting of three developmental stages. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It also provides valuable resources for future studies on Eimeria , and provides insight into the understanding of reproductive mode plasticity in different Eimeria species. (biomedcentral.com)
  • With the development of drug resistance in Eimeria species threatening the continued use of prophylactic anticoccidials, vaccination remains a desirable long-term strategy for combatting this disease [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Coccidiosis is a widespread disease reported in numerous vertebrate that is caused by Eimeria species and shows strict host specificity [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Monensin at 40 ppm (registered dosage range in Europe is 100-125 ppm) did not reduce lesions for any of the Eimeria species. (huvepharma.com)
  • Nicarbazin at 40 ppm (registered dose in Europe is 125 ppm) significantly reduced the lesions for E. tenella but the other Eimeria species were not significantly affected. (huvepharma.com)
  • The combination of nicarbazin and monensin (both at 40 ppm) significantly reduced the lesions for all Eimeria species. (huvepharma.com)
  • Our results extended the utility of the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genetic modification system to E. tenella , and opened a new avenue for targeted investigation of gene functions in apicomplexan parasites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eimeria is a common genus of apicomplexan parasites that infect diverse vertebrates, most notably poultry, causing serious disease and economic losses. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Avian coccidiosis is a major worldwide veterinary health challenge caused by the obligate intracellular protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, Eimeria . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Although the second- and third-generation meronts and merozoites belong to the asexual reproduction stage, the mature second- and third-generation E. tenella merozoites and meronts can be differentiated by periodic acid Schiff's (PAS) staining, concluded by Klimes et al. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Bangoura B, Bhuiya MAI, Kilpatrick M (2022) Eimeria infections in domestic and wild ruminants with reference to control options in domestic ruminants. (springer.com)
  • Eimeria tenella has emerged as valuable model organism for studying the biology and immunology of protozoan parasites with the establishment of the reverse genetic manipulation platform. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The sporozoite then migrates to its preferred site of development (the caeca in the case of Eimeria tenella) and invades the villus enterocyte. (wikipedia.org)
  • The aim of this study was to develop and validate an ELISA for detecting chicken antibodies to Eimeria tenella. (qld.gov.au)
  • Results: On virulent E. tenella inoculation step, some clinical signs such as appetite, weakness, and diarrhea were very slight on all chicken groups. (unair.ac.id)
  • For the reproductive index of virulent E. tenella inoculation step, there were no significantly differences in all chicken groups except the group 1. (unair.ac.id)
  • Evaluation of E. tenella antigenicity and immunogenicity to some low doses can be reflected by reproductive index and histopathological changes. (unair.ac.id)
  • However, the molecular basis of the Eimeria reproductive mode switch remains an enigma. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Nevertheless, the absence of an effective gene editing system has left many questions about functions of Eimeria 's unique genes unanswered. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In this study, we present experimental evidence that the CRISPR/Cas9 system is also useful for targeted gene modification in Eimeria . (biomedcentral.com)
  • SpCas9 was also tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (EYFP) gene for visualization of the SpCas9 expression signal in subcellular sites of Eimeria . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Molecular cloning, sequencing, and expression of Eimeria tenella HSP70 partial gene. (geneticsmr.com)
  • The invasion assay showed that all the treatments significantly inhibited E. tenella invasion efficiency compared to the control already after 2 hours by 55% on average and similarly at 24 h with the highest reduction for salinomycin (-54% compared to control) and an average reduction of 35% for all the botanical treatments (p<0.001). (unibo.it)
  • Discrimination between sera from birds experimentally infected with E. tenella and birds maintained in an Eimeria-free isolation facility was excellent. (qld.gov.au)
  • This study forms a basis for deciphering the molecular mechanisms underlying the shift from the second to third generation schizogony in Eimeria . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Eimeria tenella has a monogenetic life cycle, that is, the life cycle involves a single host. (wikipedia.org)
  • The life-cycle of Eimeria spp. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Acharya M, Burke JM, Miller JE, Terrill TH, Wood EL, Muir JP (2020) Quebracho tannins aid in the control of Eimeria spp . (springer.com)
  • Anti-coccidial effects of the fruits of Tribulus terrestris (Tribuli fructus) ethanol extract (TTE) were studied with animal experiment following per oral administration with Eimeria ( E .) tenella . (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cervantes-Valencia ME, Alcalá-Canto Y, Sumano-Lopez H, Ducoing-Watty AM, Gutierrez-Olvera L (2016) Effects of Curcuma longa dietary inclusion against Eimeria spp. (springer.com)
  • In this report, we described the application of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)/Cas9 (endonuclease) system for efficient genetic editing in E. tenella , and showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system mediates site-specific double-strand DNA breaks with a single guide RNA. (biomedcentral.com)