Dysentery
Dysentery, Bacillary
Dysentery, Amebic
Brachyspira hyodysenteriae
Shigella flexneri
Shigella dysenteriae
Arsanilic Acid
Shigella
Treponema
Spirochaeta
Coronavirus, Bovine
Entamoeba histolytica
Burundi
Carbadox
Lincomycin
Swine
Yugoslavia
Diarrhea
Shigella Vaccines
Feces
Intestine, Large
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Bangladesh
Entamoebiasis
Colon
Cecum
Amdinocillin Pivoxil
Liver Abscess, Amebic
Analysis of Serpulina hyodysenteriae strain variation and its molecular epidemiology using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. (1/181)
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied as a molecular typing tool for the spirochaete Serpulina hyodysenteriae, the agent of swine dysentery. Analysis of a collection of 40 mainly Australian isolates, previously characterized by other methods, divided these into 23 PFGE types. This confirmed that there are many strains of the spirochaete in Australia. PFGE was more discriminatory for strain typing than both multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and serotyping. It had similar discriminatory power to restriction endonuclease analysis, but the results of PFGE were easier to interpret. When applied to 29 isolates collected from 4 farms over periods of up to 8 years, 2 PFGE patterns were found on 3 farms, and a single pattern on the other. In each case a new strain had apparently emerged as a variant of an original parent strain. PFGE was found to be a powerful technique for investigating the molecular epidemiology of swine dysentery outbreaks. (+info)Isolation, oxygen sensitivity, and virulence of NADH oxidase mutants of the anaerobic spirochete Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, etiologic agent of swine dysentery. (2/181)
Brachyspira (Serpulina) hyodysenteriae, the etiologic agent of swine dysentery, uses the enzyme NADH oxidase to consume oxygen. To investigate possible roles for NADH oxidase in the growth and virulence of this anaerobic spirochete, mutant strains deficient in oxidase activity were isolated and characterized. The cloned NADH oxidase gene (nox; GenBank accession no. U19610) on plasmid pER218 was inactivated by replacing 321 bp of coding sequence with either a gene for chloramphenicol resistance (cat) or a gene for kanamycin resistance (kan). The resulting plasmids, respectively, pCmDeltaNOX and pKmDeltaNOX, were used to transform wild-type B. hyodysenteriae B204 cells and generate the antibiotic-resistant strains Nox-Cm and Nox-Km. PCR and Southern hybridization analyses indicated that the chromosomal wild-type nox genes in these strains had been replaced, through allelic exchange, by the inactivated nox gene containing cat or kan. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western immunoblot analysis revealed that both nox mutant cell lysates were missing the 48-kDa Nox protein. Soluble NADH oxidase activity levels in cell lysates of Nox-Cm and Nox-Km were reduced 92 to 96% compared to the activity level in parent strain B204. In an aerotolerance test, cells of both nox mutants were at least 100-fold more sensitive to oxygen exposure than were cells of the wild-type parent strain B204. In swine experimental infections, both nox mutants were less virulent than strain B204 in that fewer animals were colonized by the mutant cells and infected animals displayed mild, transient signs of disease, with no deaths. These results provide evidence that NADH oxidase serves to protect B. hyodysenteriae cells against oxygen toxicity and that the enzyme, in that role, contributes to the pathogenic ability of the spirochete. (+info)A descriptive study of the frequency and characteristics of proliferative enteropathy in swine in Ontario by analyzing routine animal health surveillance data. (3/181)
Routine surveillance data, collected on pathology submissions at the Animal Health Laboratory in Guelph between 1992 and 1997, were analyzed to determine demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics of cases of proliferative enteropathy and the frequency of this condition relative to other infectious enteric diseases in swine in Ontario. The most commonly reported disease was Escherichia coli enteritis (average cases/year = 70.0). Among infectious enteropathies that occur typically in neonatal pigs, coccidiosis (28.4 cases/year) and rotaviral enteritis (5.6 cases/year) were reported. Among infectious enteropathies generally associated with diarrhea in weaner and grower/finisher pigs, the most frequently reported was proliferative enteropathy (27.6 cases/year), followed by swine dysentery (23.3 cases/year), transmissible gastroenteritis (19.6 cases/year), and salmonellosis (8.4 cases/year). Diarrhea and bloody diarrhea were reported in 29% and 31%, respectively, of herds diagnosed with proliferative enteropathy. Important gross intestinal lesions included mucosal hypertrophy (62% of cases), hemorrhage (47%), and mucosal necrosis (34%). Histologic intestinal lesions included epithelial hyperplasia (90% of cases), mucosal necrosis (59%), and inflammation (49%). Our results suggest that proliferative enteropathy is a major infectious enteric disease in grower/finisher pigs in Ontario. (+info)Prospective validation of a standardized questionnaire for estimating childhood mortality and morbidity due to pneumonia and diarrhoea. (4/181)
This paper reports the validation of a 'best-judgement' standardised questionnaire using guidelines and algorithms developed by an expert working group conducted in Nicaragua between 1995 and 1997. Prospective hospital data, including standardised medical recording of selected signs and symptoms, laboratory and radiographic test results and physician diagnoses were collected for children < 5 years admitted with any serious life-threatening condition in 3 study hospitals. The mothers or caregivers of the children were later traced and interviewed using the 'best-judgement' questionnaire. Interviews were completed 1-22 months after admission to hospital for 1115 children (400 who died during the stay in hospital and 715 who were discharged alive). The cause of death or admission to hospital was determined by an expert algorithm applied to hospital data. A similar procedure was used to derive the cause using the answers to questions from interviews. Hospital causes were compared with interview causes and sensitivity and specificity calculated, together with the estimated cause-specific fraction for diarrhoea and pneumonia. Multiple diagnoses were allowed; 378 children in the sample (104 deaths, 274 survivors) had a reference diagnosis of diarrhoeal illness, and 506 (168 deaths, 338 survivors) a reference diagnosis of pneumonia. When results for deaths and survivors in all age groups were combined, the expert algorithms had sensitivity between 86% and 88% and specificity between 81% and 83% for any diarrhoeal illness; and sensitivity between 74% and 87% and specificity between 37% and 72% for pneumonia. Algorithms tested in previous validation studies were also applied to data obtained in this study, and the results are compared. Despite less than perfect sensitivity and specificity, reasonably accurate estimates of the cause-specific mortality and morbidity fractions for diarrhoea were obtained, although the accuracy of estimates in other settings using the same instrument will depend on the true cause-specific fraction in those settings. The algorithms tested for pneumonia did not produce accurate estimates of the cause-specific fraction, and are not recommended for use in community settings. (+info)Protection studies on winter dysentery caused by bovine coronavirus in cattle using antigens prepared from infected cell lysates. (5/181)
Cells infected with bovine coronavirus (BCV) were solubilized with Triton X-100 to yield a cell lysate (CL) antigen having high hemagglutinating (HA) titers. The antigen gave high HA titers using rat erythrocytes, suggesting that it contained large amounts of hemagglutinin esterase (HE) antigen. The CL antigen, combined with an oil adjuvant, was tested for protective and antibody-inducing activities in cattle. Four groups (2 cattle/group) of cattle were inoculated with CL antigen having HA titers of 16 000, 4000, 1000, and 250. Another group served as untreated controls. Two intramuscular inoculations were given at an interval of 3 wk. The animals were challenged with virus 1 wk after the second inoculation. The groups immunized with the CL antigen having an HA titer of 4000 or 16 000 produced hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody titers of > 320 and serum neutralizing (SN) antibody titers of > 1280. These groups of animals showed no clinical abnormalities after challenge. In the groups immunized with CL antigen at an HA titer of 1000 or 250, HI antibody titers were 40 to 160 and SN titers were 80 to 640. The cattle with HI antibody titers of > or = 160 and the SN titers of > or = 640 showed no clinical signs, but the cattle with the HI antibody titer < 80 and the SN antibody titer < 160 developed watery diarrhea and fever after challenge. These results indicate that CL antigen with high HA titer induces antibody production in cattle that provides effective protection against winter dysentery. (+info)Changes in bacterial community structure in the colon of pigs fed different experimental diets and after infection with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae. (6/181)
Bacterial communities in the large intestines of pigs were compared using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) analysis targeting the 16S ribosomal DNA. The pigs were fed different experimental diets based on either modified standard feed or cooked rice supplemented with dietary fibers. After feeding of the animals with the experimental diets for 2 weeks, differences in the bacterial community structure in the spiral colon were detected in the form of different profiles of terminal restriction fragments (T-RFs). Some of the T-RFs were universally distributed, i.e., they were found in all samples, while others varied in distribution and were related to specific diets. The reproducibility of the T-RFLP profiles between individual animals within the diet groups was high. In the control group, the profiles remained unchanged throughout the experiment and were similar between two independent but identical experiments. When the animals were experimentally infected with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae, causing swine dysentery, many of the T-RFs fluctuated, suggesting a destabilization of the microbial community. (+info)Association between clinical type of diarrhoea and growth of children under 5 years in rural Bangladesh. (7/181)
BACKGROUND: The role of diarrhoea in the aetiology of growth retardation in young children remains controversial. To evaluate this, a population-based, longitudinal study of young children aged 6-48 months was conducted in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh, between May 1988 and April 1989. METHODS: Data obtained from 584 children were examined by one-year (n = 412) and 3-month (n = 1220) growth periods. Each growth period was analysed based on clinical types of diarrhoea, namely, non-diarrhoea, non-dysentery diarrhoea (diarrhoea without blood), and dysentery (diarrhoea with blood). Weight and height gains were compared among the study groups initially by one-way analysis of variance followed by multivariate analysis adjusting for potential confounding variables. RESULTS: Compared to non-diarrhoea and non-dysentery diarrhoea, dysentery was associated with significantly lower annual weight gain (1866 g [P < 0.01] and 1550 g [P < 0.05] versus 1350 g, respectively) and height gain (6.51 cm and 5.87 cm versus 5.27 cm [P < 0.01], respectively). Both 3-month dysentery and non-dysentery intervals were significantly associated with less weight gain compared to non-diarrhoea intervals (490 g and 522 g versus 637 g [P: < 0.05], respectively). Dysentery intervals were also associated with significantly poorer height gain compared to other intervals (2.19 cm versus 2.42 cm [P < 0.05] and 2.46 cm [P < 0.01], respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The growth of young children is strongly influenced by the clinical type of diarrhoea and the impact is dependent on the proportion of dysentery episodes in the total diarrhoeal burden. (+info)Food supplementation with encouragement to feed it to infants from 4 to 12 months of age has a small impact on weight gain. (8/181)
It is unclear whether a substantial decline in malnutrition among infants in developing countries can be achieved by increasing food availability and nutrition counseling without concurrent morbidity-reducing interventions. The study was designed to determine whether provision of generous amounts of a micronutrient-fortified food supplement supported by counseling or nutritional counseling alone would significantly improve physical growth between 4 and 12 mo of age. In a controlled trial, 418 infants 4 mo of age were individually randomized to one of the four groups and followed until 12 mo of age. The first group received a milk-based cereal and nutritional counseling; the second group monthly nutritional counseling alone. To control for the effect of twice-weekly home visits for morbidity ascertainment, similar visits were made in one of the control groups (visitation group); the fourth group received no intervention. The median energy intake from nonbreast milk sources was higher in the food supplementation group than in the visitation group by 1212 kJ at 26 wk (P < 0.001), 1739 kJ at 38 wk (P < 0.001) and 2257 kJ at 52 wk (P < 0.001). The food supplementation infants gained 250 g (95% confidence interval: 20--480 g) more weight than did the visitation group. The difference in the mean increment in length during the study was 0.4 cm (95% confidence interval: -0.1--0.9 cm). The nutritional counseling group had higher energy intakes ranging from 280 to 752 kJ at different ages (P < 0.05 at all ages) but no significant benefit on weight and length increments. Methods to enhance the impact of these interventions need to be identified. (+info)Dysentery is a medical condition characterized by inflammation of the intestine, particularly the colon, leading to severe diarrhea containing blood, mucus, and/or pus. It is typically caused by infectious agents such as bacteria (like Shigella, Salmonella, or Escherichia coli) or parasites (such as Entamoeba histolytica). The infection can be acquired through contaminated food, water, or direct contact with an infected person. Symptoms may also include abdominal cramps, fever, and dehydration. Immediate medical attention is required for proper diagnosis and treatment to prevent potential complications.
Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by the bacterium Shigella. It is characterized by the inflammation of the intestines, particularly the colon, resulting in diarrhea that may contain blood and mucus. The infection is typically spread through contaminated food or water, or close contact with an infected person. Symptoms usually appear within 1-4 days after exposure and can include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and tenesmus (the strong, frequent urge to have a bowel movement). In severe cases, bacillary dysentery can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and other complications. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to kill the bacteria, as well as fluid replacement to prevent dehydration.
Amebic dysentery is a type of dysentery caused by the parasitic protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It is characterized by severe diarrhea containing blood and mucus, abdominal pain, and cramping. The infection is typically acquired through the ingestion of contaminated food or water. Once inside the body, the parasites invade the intestinal lining, causing damage and leading to the symptoms of dysentery. In severe cases, the parasites can spread to other organs such as the liver, lungs, or brain, causing more serious infections. Amebic dysentery is treated with medications that kill the parasites, such as metronidazole or tinidazole. Prevention measures include practicing good hygiene and sanitation, including proper handwashing and safe food handling practices.
'Brachyspira hyodysenteriae' is a species of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that is a primary cause of swine dysentery, a severe enteric disease in pigs. The bacteria colonize the large intestine and produce toxins that cause inflammation and diarrhea, often with mucus and blood in the feces. Infection can lead to weight loss, dehydration, and death in young pigs, resulting in significant economic losses for pig farmers.
The bacteria are difficult to control due to their ability to survive outside the host for extended periods and their resistance to many antibiotics. Good biosecurity practices, including strict sanitation measures and the use of vaccines, can help prevent the spread of swine dysentery in pig herds.
Treponemal infections are a group of diseases caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pallidum. This includes syphilis, yaws, bejel, and pinta. These infections can affect various organ systems in the body and can have serious consequences if left untreated.
1. Syphilis: A sexually transmitted infection that can also be passed from mother to fetus during pregnancy or childbirth. It is characterized by sores (chancres) on the genitals, anus, or mouth, followed by a rash and flu-like symptoms. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications such as damage to the heart, brain, and nervous system.
2. Yaws: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects children in rural areas of Africa, Asia, and South America. The initial symptom is a painless bump on the skin that eventually ulcerates and heals, leaving a scar. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of bone and cartilage.
3. Bejel: Also known as endemic syphilis, this infection is spread through direct contact with infected saliva or mucous membranes. It primarily affects children in dry and arid regions of Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. The initial symptom is a painless sore on the mouth or skin, followed by a rash and other symptoms similar to syphilis.
4. Pinta: A tropical infection that is spread through direct contact with infected skin lesions. It primarily affects people in rural areas of Central and South America. The initial symptom is a red or brown spot on the skin, which eventually turns into a scaly rash. If left untreated, it can lead to disfigurement and destruction of pigmentation in the skin.
Treponemal infections can be diagnosed through blood tests that detect antibodies against Treponema pallidum. Treatment typically involves antibiotics such as penicillin, which can cure the infection if caught early enough. However, untreated treponemal infections can lead to serious health complications and even death.
Spirochaetales is an order of bacteria that includes several species known to cause infections in humans. The term "Spirochaetales infections" generally refers to diseases caused by these spirochete bacteria. The most well-known Spirochaetales infections include:
1. Syphilis - Caused by Treponema pallidum, syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection that can have serious consequences if left untreated. It progresses through several stages, with symptoms ranging from painless sores to rashes, and may eventually affect the heart, brain, and other organs.
2. Lyme disease - Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through tick bites, Lyme disease is an inflammatory illness that can cause a variety of symptoms, such as rash, fever, fatigue, and joint pain. In later stages, it may lead to neurological and cardiac complications if not treated promptly.
3. Leptospirosis - Caused by Leptospira spp., leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease that humans usually acquire through exposure to infected animal urine or contaminated water. Symptoms can range from mild flu-like illness to severe complications, such as kidney and liver failure, meningitis, and respiratory distress.
4. Relapsing fever - Caused by Borrelia recurrentis and transmitted through the bite of lice, relapsing fever is characterized by recurring episodes of high fever, chills, headache, and muscle aches. The disease can be severe and may lead to complications such as myocarditis, hepatitis, and neurological issues.
5. Pinta - Caused by Treponema carateum, pinta is a tropical skin infection that primarily affects the outer layers of the skin, causing lesions and discoloration. While not typically life-threatening, it can lead to significant disfigurement if left untreated.
Treatment for Spirochaetales infections generally involves antibiotics, such as penicillin or doxycycline, depending on the specific infection and its severity. Preventive measures include practicing good hygiene, using insect repellent to prevent insect bites, avoiding contact with potentially infected animals, and seeking prompt medical attention if symptoms develop after potential exposure.
Shigella flexneri is a species of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that belongs to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is one of the four species of the genus Shigella, which are the causative agents of shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery.
Shigella flexneri is responsible for causing a significant proportion of shigellosis cases worldwide, particularly in developing countries with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. The bacteria can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water, and can cause severe gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus (the urgent need to defecate).
The infection can lead to inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the intestines, resulting in the destruction of the epithelial cells and the formation of ulcers. In severe cases, Shigella flexneri can invade the bloodstream and cause systemic infections, which can be life-threatening for young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals.
The diagnosis of Shigella flexneri infection typically involves the detection of the bacteria in stool samples using culture methods or molecular techniques such as PCR. Treatment usually involves antibiotics, although resistance to multiple drugs has been reported in some strains. Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, safe food handling, and access to clean water.
"Shigella dysenteriae" is a specific species of bacteria that can cause severe forms of dysentery, a type of diarrheal disease. The infection caused by this bacterium is known as shigellosis. Shigella dysenteriae is highly infectious and can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person or through contaminated food or water.
The bacteria produce toxins that can cause inflammation and damage to the lining of the intestine, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea (often containing blood and mucus), abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus (the urgent need to have a bowel movement). In severe cases, shigellosis can lead to complications such as dehydration, seizures, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), a serious condition that can cause kidney failure.
Shigella dysenteriae is a public health concern, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Prevention measures include good hand hygiene, safe food handling practices, and access to clean water. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, fluids, and electrolyte replacement to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
Arsanilic acid is a type of arsenical compound that was once used in medicine, particularly as a veterinary medication, for the treatment and prevention of certain parasitic diseases. It is an organic compound containing arsenic, with the chemical formula As(C6H5O3)2.
Arsanilic acid has been largely replaced by other medications due to its potential toxicity and the availability of safer alternatives. Prolonged exposure or ingestion of high doses of arsanilic acid can lead to arsenic poisoning, which may cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and in severe cases, neurological damage, liver and kidney failure, and even death.
It is important to note that the use of arsanilic acid in human medicine is now highly restricted and its handling should be done with caution due to its potential health hazards.
Swine diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious conditions that affect pigs. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors. Some common swine diseases include:
1. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS): a viral disease that causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and grower pigs.
2. Classical Swine Fever (CSF): also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages.
3. Porcine Circovirus Disease (PCVD): a group of diseases caused by porcine circoviruses, including Porcine CircoVirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS).
4. Swine Influenza: a respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses that can infect pigs and humans.
5. Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes pneumonia in pigs.
6. Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes severe pneumonia in pigs.
7. Salmonella: a group of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans and a variety of diseases in pigs, including septicemia, meningitis, and abortion.
8. Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae: a bacterial disease that causes dysentery in pigs.
9. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae: a bacterial disease that causes erysipelas in pigs.
10. External and internal parasites, such as lice, mites, worms, and flukes, can also cause diseases in swine.
Prevention and control of swine diseases rely on good biosecurity practices, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, and management practices. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential to detect and treat diseases early.
Shigella is a genus of Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are primarily responsible for causing shigellosis, also known as bacillary dysentery. These pathogens are highly infectious and can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in humans through the consumption of contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person's feces.
There are four main species of Shigella: S. dysenteriae, S. flexneri, S. boydii, and S. sonnei. Each species has distinct serotypes that differ in their epidemiology, clinical presentation, and antibiotic susceptibility patterns. The severity of shigellosis can range from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery with abdominal cramps, fever, and tenesmus (the strong, frequent urge to defecate). In some cases, Shigella infections may lead to complications such as bacteremia, seizures, or hemolytic uremic syndrome.
Preventive measures include maintaining good personal hygiene, proper food handling and preparation, access to clean water, and adequate sanitation facilities. Antibiotic treatment is generally recommended for severe cases of shigellosis, but the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains has become a growing concern in recent years.
Treponema is a genus of spiral-shaped bacteria, also known as spirochetes. These bacteria are gram-negative and have unique motility provided by endoflagella, which are located in the periplasmic space, running lengthwise between the cell's outer membrane and inner membrane.
Treponema species are responsible for several important diseases in humans, including syphilis (Treponema pallidum), yaws (Treponema pertenue), pinta (Treponema carateum), and endemic syphilis or bejel (Treponema pallidum subspecies endemicum). These diseases are collectively known as treponematoses.
It is important to note that while these bacteria share some common characteristics, they differ in their clinical manifestations and geographical distributions. Proper diagnosis and treatment of treponemal infections require medical expertise and laboratory confirmation.
"Spirochaeta" is a genus of spirochete bacteria, characterized by their long, spiral-shaped bodies. These bacteria are gram-negative, meaning they do not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining method, and are typically motile, moving by means of endoflagella located within their outer membrane. Members of this genus are found in various environments, including freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats. Some species are free-living, while others are parasitic or symbiotic with animals. It is important to note that the medical significance of "Spirochaeta" species is limited compared to other spirochete genera like "Treponema," which includes the bacterium causing syphilis.
"Shigella sonnei" is a medically recognized term that refers to a specific species of bacteria that can cause human illness. It's one of the four main species in the genus Shigella, and it's responsible for a significant portion of shigellosis cases worldwide.
Shigella sonnei is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore forming, rod-shaped bacterium that can be transmitted through the fecal-oral route, often via contaminated food or water. Once ingested, it can invade and infect the epithelial cells of the colon, leading to inflammation and diarrhea, which can range from mild to severe.
The infection caused by Shigella sonnei is known as shigellosis, and its symptoms may include abdominal cramps, fever, nausea, vomiting, and watery or bloody diarrhea. In some cases, it can lead to more serious complications such as dehydration, seizures, or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a type of kidney failure.
It's worth noting that Shigella sonnei is particularly concerning because it has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, making treatment more challenging in some cases. Proper hygiene practices, such as handwashing and safe food handling, are crucial in preventing the spread of this bacterium.
Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is a species of coronavirus that infects cattle and other animals such as yaks, deer, and occasionally humans. It is an enveloped, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Betacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae.
BCoV primarily causes respiratory and enteric diseases in cattle, resulting in symptoms such as pneumonia, coughing, diarrhea, and decreased appetite. The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their feces, contaminated food, water, or fomites.
In humans, BCoV infection is rare but has been associated with respiratory illnesses in people working closely with cattle, such as farmers, abattoir workers, and veterinarians. The symptoms of human BCoV infection are similar to those caused by other coronaviruses, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath.
Prevention measures for BCoV include good hygiene practices, wearing personal protective equipment when working with cattle, and vaccination of animals against the virus. There is currently no specific treatment or vaccine available for human BCoV infection.
'Entamoeba histolytica' is a species of microscopic, single-celled protozoan parasites that can cause a range of human health problems, primarily in the form of intestinal and extra-intestinal infections. The medical definition of 'Entamoeba histolytica' is as follows:
Entamoeba histolytica: A species of pathogenic protozoan parasites belonging to the family Entamoebidae, order Amoebida, and phylum Sarcomastigophora. These microorganisms are typically found in the form of cysts or trophozoites and can infect humans through the ingestion of contaminated food, water, or feces.
Once inside the human body, 'Entamoeba histolytica' parasites can colonize the large intestine, where they may cause a range of symptoms, from mild diarrhea to severe dysentery, depending on the individual's immune response and the location of the infection. In some cases, these parasites can also invade other organs, such as the liver, lungs, or brain, leading to more serious health complications.
The life cycle of 'Entamoeba histolytica' involves two main stages: the cyst stage and the trophozoite stage. The cysts are the infective form, which can be transmitted from person to person through fecal-oral contact or by ingesting contaminated food or water. Once inside the human body, these cysts excyst in the small intestine, releasing the motile and feeding trophozoites.
The trophozoites then migrate to the large intestine, where they can multiply by binary fission and cause tissue damage through their ability to phagocytize host cells and release cytotoxic substances. Some of these trophozoites may transform back into cysts, which are excreted in feces and can then infect other individuals.
Diagnosis of 'Entamoeba histolytica' infection typically involves the examination of stool samples for the presence of cysts or trophozoites, as well as serological tests to detect antibodies against the parasite. Treatment usually involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as metronidazole or tinidazole, which can kill the trophozoites and help to control the infection. However, it is important to note that these drugs do not affect the cysts, so proper sanitation and hygiene measures are crucial to prevent the spread of the parasite.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Burundi" does not have a medical definition. Burundi is a country located in East Africa, bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. It's known for its warm, friendly people, beautiful landscapes, and rich cultural heritage. If you have any questions about Burundi's geography, history, or culture, I'd be happy to try to help answer them!
Spirochaetaceae is a family of spiral-shaped, gram-negative bacteria known as spirochetes. These bacteria are characterized by their unique morphology, which includes a flexible helical shape and the presence of endoflagella, which are located inside the cell wall and run lengthwise along the entire length of the organism. This arrangement of flagella allows the spirochete to move in a corkscrew-like motion.
Spirochaetaceae includes several genera of medically important bacteria, such as:
* Treponema: This genus includes the bacterium that causes syphilis (Treponema pallidum) and other treponemal diseases like yaws and pinta.
* Borrelia: This genus includes the spirochetes responsible for Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) and relapsing fever (Borrelia recurrentis).
* Leptospira: This genus contains the bacteria that cause leptospirosis, a zoonotic disease transmitted through the urine of infected animals.
Spirochetes are often found in aquatic environments and can be part of the normal microbiota of some animals, including humans. However, certain species can cause significant diseases in humans and animals, making them important pathogens. Proper identification and appropriate antibiotic treatment are crucial for managing spirochetal infections.
Ronidazole is an antiprotozoal and antibacterial medication. It is primarily used to treat infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, including certain types of diarrhea, bacterial vaginosis, and amebiasis. Ronidazole works by interfering with the DNA of the microorganisms, which leads to their death.
The medical definition of Ronidazole is: "A nitroimidazole antimicrobial agent used in the treatment of infections caused by susceptible anaerobic bacteria and protozoa, including Trichomonas vaginalis, Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica, and certain anaerobic bacteria."
It is important to note that Ronidazole has potential side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, headache, and a metallic taste in the mouth. In rare cases, it can cause more serious side effects, including peripheral neuropathy and seizures. It should be used with caution and under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Carbadox is a veterinary drug that belongs to the class of medications called antimicrobials. It is specifically an antimicrobial agent with both antibacterial and coccidiostat properties. Carbadox is used in the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial infections in swine (pigs). It works by inhibiting the growth of bacteria and killing coccidia, a type of parasite that can cause infection in pigs.
Carbadox is available as a feed additive and is typically administered to pigs through their food. It is important to note that carbadox is not approved for use in animals destined for human consumption in many countries, including the European Union, due to concerns about potential carcinogenicity and other safety issues.
It's worth mentioning that the use of carbadox in food-producing animals has been a topic of controversy and debate in recent years, with some experts calling for stricter regulations or a complete ban on its use due to concerns about antibiotic resistance and human health.
Lincomycin is defined as an antibiotic produced by Streptomyces lincolnensis. It is primarily bacteriostatic, inhibiting protein synthesis in sensitive bacteria by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. Lincomycin is used clinically to treat a variety of infections caused by susceptible gram-positive organisms, including some anaerobes. It has activity against many strains of streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci, but not enterococci. Common side effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Yugoslavia" is not a medical term. It refers to a country in southeastern Europe that existed from 1929 to 2006. The country was originally named the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, but it was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, it became a socialist federal republic. The country dissolved in the 1990s amidst political turmoil and ethnic conflict, leading to the formation of several independent countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia. I hope this clarifies things! If you have any other questions, please let me know.
Diarrhea is a condition in which an individual experiences loose, watery stools frequently, often exceeding three times a day. It can be acute, lasting for several days, or chronic, persisting for weeks or even months. Diarrhea can result from various factors, including viral, bacterial, or parasitic infections, food intolerances, medications, and underlying medical conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease or irritable bowel syndrome. Dehydration is a potential complication of diarrhea, particularly in severe cases or in vulnerable populations like young children and the elderly.
Shigella vaccines are immunizations that are developed to protect against Shigella infection, which is caused by the bacterium Shigella spp. These vaccines aim to stimulate the immune system to produce an immune response (the production of antibodies and activation of immune cells) that will provide protection against future Shigella infections.
There are currently no licensed Shigella vaccines available for use, although several candidate vaccines are in various stages of development and clinical trials. These vaccines typically contain inactivated or attenuated (weakened) forms of the bacteria, or specific components of the bacteria that can stimulate an immune response.
Shigella infection can cause a range of symptoms, including diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps, and tenesmus (the strong, frequent urge to have a bowel movement). In severe cases, it can lead to complications such as dehydration, seizures, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS), which is a serious condition that can cause kidney failure. Shigella infection is most commonly transmitted through contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person's feces.
Feces are the solid or semisolid remains of food that could not be digested or absorbed in the small intestine, along with bacteria and other waste products. After being stored in the colon, feces are eliminated from the body through the rectum and anus during defecation. Feces can vary in color, consistency, and odor depending on a person's diet, health status, and other factors.
'Brachyspira' is a genus of bacteria that are commonly found in the intestinal tracts of animals, including pigs, birds, and humans. These bacteria are gram-negative, anaerobic or microaerophilic, and spiral-shaped, which gives them their name ('brachys' meaning short and 'spira' meaning coil).
Some species of Brachyspira are known to cause intestinal diseases in animals, such as swine dysentery in pigs and hemorrhagic bowel disease in birds. In humans, Brachyspira aalborgi and Brachyspira suanatina have been associated with cases of intestinal inflammation and diarrhea. However, the role of Brachyspira species in human health and disease is not well understood and requires further research.
It's worth noting that while Brachyspira bacteria can be pathogenic, they are also a normal part of the intestinal microbiota in many animals, and their presence alone does not necessarily indicate disease.
Trichuriasis is a parasitic infection caused by the nematode (roundworm) Trichuris trichiura, also known as the whipworm. This infection primarily affects the large intestine (cecum and colon). The main symptoms of trichuriasis include diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss. In heavy infections, there can be severe complications such as anemia, growth retardation, and rectal prolapse. Trichuriasis is typically transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated soil containing Trichuris trichiura eggs, often through poor hygiene practices or exposure to contaminated food and water.
The large intestine, also known as the colon, is the lower part of the gastrointestinal tract that extends from the cecum, where it joins the small intestine, to the anus. It is called "large" because it has a larger diameter compared to the small intestine and is responsible for several important functions in the digestive process.
The large intestine measures about 1.5 meters (5 feet) long in adults and consists of four main regions: the ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon. The primary function of the large intestine is to absorb water and electrolytes from undigested food materials, compact the remaining waste into feces, and store it until it is eliminated through defecation.
The large intestine also contains a diverse population of bacteria that aid in digestion by breaking down complex carbohydrates, producing vitamins like vitamin K and some B vitamins, and competing with harmful microorganisms to maintain a healthy balance within the gut. Additionally, the large intestine plays a role in immune function and helps protect the body from pathogens through the production of mucus, antimicrobial substances, and the activation of immune cells.
A germ-free life refers to an existence in which an individual is not exposed to or colonized by any harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. This condition is also known as "sterile" or "aseptic." In a medical context, achieving a germ-free state is often the goal in certain controlled environments, such as operating rooms, laboratories, and intensive care units, where the risk of infection must be minimized. However, it is not possible to maintain a completely germ-free life outside of these settings, as microorganisms are ubiquitous in the environment and are an essential part of the human microbiome. Instead, maintaining good hygiene practices and a healthy immune system is crucial for preventing illness and promoting overall health.
I believe there may be a slight confusion in your question. "Schools" and "Nurseries" are institutions or facilities where children receive education and care, they are not medical terms or conditions. However, I can provide you with a brief explanation of each:
1. Schools: These are educational institutions designed to provide learning environments and teach academic and social skills to children (and sometimes adults) of various age groups. Schools may focus on different areas of education, such as elementary, secondary, or higher education. They typically follow a structured curriculum and have certified teachers who guide students in their studies.
2. Nurseries: A nursery is an early childhood education facility that provides care for children, usually between the ages of 6 weeks and 5 years old. Also known as preschools or daycare centers, they offer a safe and nurturing environment where young children can learn, play, and socialize under the supervision of trained professionals. Nurseries often follow an educational program that promotes early childhood development through various activities, such as storytime, arts and crafts, and games.
I hope this clarifies any confusion regarding your question. If you have any other questions or need further information, please don't hesitate to ask!
Gram-negative bacterial infections refer to illnesses or diseases caused by Gram-negative bacteria, which are a group of bacteria that do not retain crystal violet dye during the Gram staining procedure used in microbiology. This characteristic is due to the structure of their cell walls, which contain a thin layer of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides (LPS), proteins, and phospholipids.
The LPS component of the outer membrane is responsible for the endotoxic properties of Gram-negative bacteria, which can lead to severe inflammatory responses in the host. Common Gram-negative bacterial pathogens include Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Proteus mirabilis, among others.
Gram-negative bacterial infections can cause a wide range of clinical syndromes, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, meningitis, and soft tissue infections. The severity of these infections can vary from mild to life-threatening, depending on the patient's immune status, the site of infection, and the virulence of the bacterial strain.
Effective antibiotic therapy is crucial for treating Gram-negative bacterial infections, but the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains has become a significant global health concern. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and appropriate antimicrobial stewardship are essential to ensure optimal patient outcomes and prevent further spread of resistance.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Bangladesh" is a country located in South Asia, rather than a medical term or condition. It is bordered by India to the west, north, and east, and by Myanmar (Burma) to the southeast, with the Bay of Bengal to the south. The official name of the country is the People's Republic of Bangladesh.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help answer them for you!
Entamoebiasis is a parasitic infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica. It can affect various organs, but the most common site of infection is the large intestine (colon), leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, stomach pain, and cramping. In severe cases, it may cause invasive disease, including amoebic dysentery or extraintestinal infections like liver abscesses.
The life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica involves two stages: the infective cyst stage and the proliferative trophozoite stage. Transmission occurs through ingestion of contaminated food, water, or hands containing cysts. Once inside the human body, these cysts excyst in the small intestine, releasing trophozoites that colonize the large intestine and cause disease.
Entamoebiasis is more prevalent in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene practices. Preventive measures include proper handwashing, safe food handling, and access to clean water. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications such as metronidazole or tinidazole.
The colon, also known as the large intestine, is a part of the digestive system in humans and other vertebrates. It is an organ that eliminates waste from the body and is located between the small intestine and the rectum. The main function of the colon is to absorb water and electrolytes from digested food, forming and storing feces until they are eliminated through the anus.
The colon is divided into several regions, including the cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, and anus. The walls of the colon contain a layer of muscle that helps to move waste material through the organ by a process called peristalsis.
The inner surface of the colon is lined with mucous membrane, which secretes mucus to lubricate the passage of feces. The colon also contains a large population of bacteria, known as the gut microbiota, which play an important role in digestion and immunity.
The cecum is the first part of the large intestine, located at the junction of the small and large intestines. It is a pouch-like structure that connects to the ileum (the last part of the small intestine) and the ascending colon (the first part of the large intestine). The cecum is where the appendix is attached. Its function is to absorb water and electrolytes, and it also serves as a site for the fermentation of certain types of dietary fiber by gut bacteria. However, the exact functions of the cecum are not fully understood.
Amoxicillin pivoxil is not a commonly used medical term, but I believe you are referring to Amoxicillin, which is an antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. Pivoxil is a form of esterification that is used to improve the absorption and bioavailability of Amoxicillin when administered orally.
Amoxicillin pivoxil is a prodrug, which means it is converted into its active form (Amoxicillin) in the body after ingestion. The pivoxil ester is rapidly hydrolyzed in the intestinal mucosa and liver to release Amoxicillin, making it easier to absorb and more effective at treating bacterial infections.
The medical definition of Amoxicillin is:
A semi-synthetic antibiotic derived from Penicillin, used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and dental infections. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of bacterial cell walls, leading to bacterial death. Amoxicillin is available in various formulations, including tablets, capsules, chewable tablets, and oral suspensions.
Therefore, Amoxicillin pivoxil can be considered a specific formulation of Amoxicillin that has been modified to improve its absorption and bioavailability.
Amebic liver abscess is a medical condition characterized by the presence of a pus-filled cavity (abscess) in the liver caused by the infection of the amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. This parasite typically enters the body through contaminated food or water and makes its way to the liver, where it can cause tissue damage and abscess formation. The abscess is usually solitary and contains necrotic debris and inflammatory cells, primarily composed of neutrophils. Symptoms may include fever, right upper quadrant pain, and tender hepatomegaly (enlarged liver). If left untreated, amebic liver abscess can lead to serious complications such as perforation of the liver, bacterial superinfection, or spread of the infection to other organs.
"Lupinus" is not a medical term. It is the genus name for the group of plants commonly known as lupines or bluebonnets. Some people may use "lupinus" in a medical context to refer to an allergy or sensitivity to lupine beans or other parts of the lupine plant, which can cause symptoms such as rash, itching, and digestive issues. However, this is not a widely recognized medical condition and reactions to lupines are relatively rare. If you have any concerns about a potential allergy or sensitivity to lupines, it is best to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.
Dysentery
Bacillary dysentery
Dysentery bush
580 dysentery epidemic in Gaul
Tiger bone wine
Oregon Trail
Doris Mackinnon
Protozoan infection
John Mennie
Clonmany
Alexander Hood (British Army officer, born 1888)
Shigellosis
SS Zamzam
Brăila Pond labor camps
Charles Augustus Dewey
Ferdinand, Prince of Asturias
A Short Walk in the Hindu Kush
Warburg's tincture
Medical and Surgical History of the War of the Rebellion
Langenstein-Zwieberge
Erich Haase
Siege of Aiguillon
Siege of Kut
USSR anti-religious campaign (1928-1941)
Roy Burston
Cyclone Giri
Robert J. Blackham
Farkas Esterházy
David Nunes Nabarro
HMT Dunera
Dysentery - Wikipedia
dysentery
Yekaterinburg Sanitary State Favorable for SARS and Dysentery Spread
Iron Age Residents of Jerusalem Suffered From Dysentery | Smart News| Smithsonian Magazine
WHO EMRO | Dysentery | Health topics
7 Best And Effective Ways To Cure Dysentery Naturally | AyurvedicCure.com
Pages that link to "Dysentery causes" - wikidoc
Report on the epidemic dysentery prevalent in the north of Ireland in 1852; based on returns collected under the direction of a...
Detection and isolation of coronavirus from feces of three herds of feedlot cattle during outbreaks of winter dysentery-like...
You Have Died of Dysentery Oregon Trail Letterpress Card - oblation papers & press
The Complete Ayurveda Guide To Defeat Dysentery
Intracare - Intra Dysovinol is the first non-antibiotic treatment for Swine Dysentery
Dysentery-diarrhea (fly) control program
Fain, George S. - An inaugural dissertation on dysentery
Dysentery outbreak in national school contained - Kenya News Agency
Diet for Dysentery 🆙
Dysentery - LIBRACIN.COM
Natural Home Cures - Dysentery
dysentery Archives - Havn Life
Tags: dysentery | WyoHistory.org
Amoebic Dysentery - Medicine Learners
Dysentery and my tropical cruise
Chronic dysentery (পুরাতন আমাশয়) - indextreatment
13 Mar 1945: House of Commons debates - TheyWorkForYou
Measles and Dysentery - NANCY MARGUERITE ANDERSON
What is Dysentery? - Family Medicine News
Deathgasm - CYSTIC DYSENTERY " Culture of Death ' CD
Amoebic Dysentery Is Caused by a Microorganism
Diseases and Disorders Tag: Archive (ABC Science)
10 Differences Between diarrhea and dysentery - Diferr
Bacillary dysentery9
- The most common form of dysentery is bacillary dysentery, which is typically a mild sickness, causing symptoms normally consisting of mild abdominal pains and frequent passage of loose stools or diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
- There are two major types: bacillary dysentery, caused by bacteria , and amebic dysentery, caused by amoebas . (britannica.com)
- Bacillary dysentery, or shigellosis , is caused by bacilli of the genus Shigella . (britannica.com)
- Other types of bacterial infections, including salmonellosis (caused by Salmonella ) and campylobacteriosis (caused by Campylobacter ), can produce bloody stools and are sometimes also described as forms of bacillary dysentery. (britannica.com)
- The treatment of bacillary dysentery is based on the use of antibiotics . (britannica.com)
- The motile form causes an acute dysentery, the symptoms of which resemble those of bacillary dysentery. (britannica.com)
- Bacillary dysentery is caused by shigellosis. (ayushakti.com)
- Speaking to the media, the medic said samples from the students that had been taken for culturing in the government laboratory had tested positive for bacillary dysentery. (go.ke)
- Chronic dysentery: Amoebic dysentery and bacillary dysentery are both short term dysentery. (ontornama.com)
Diarrhea21
- Dysentery (UK: /ˈdɪsəntri/, US: /ˈdɪsənˌtɛri/), historically known as the bloody flux, is a type of gastroenteritis that results in bloody diarrhea. (wikipedia.org)
- dysentery , infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the intestine , abdominal pain , and diarrhea with stools that often contain blood and mucus . (britannica.com)
- Dysentery is severe diarrhea and in addition, the stools may have a smattering of blood and mucus. (ayurvediccure.com)
- Dysentery is an inflammatory infection of the intestines, especially of the colon, which always results in severe bloody diarrhea and abdominal pains. (ayushakti.com)
- Brachyspira hyodysenteriae infection in pigs (Swine Dysentery) colonizes the large intestine which results in diarrhea, decreased feed conversion, growth losses and mortality. (intracare.nl)
- Amebic dysentery: the development of diarrhea is more gradual, and diarrhea can be mixed with blood, pus, and mucus. (naturalhomecures.com)
- Dysentery is inflammation of the intestine that causes diarrhea mixed with mucus and blood. (getpersonalgrowth.com)
- moreover, dysentery often causes a sort of temporary intolerance which requires the elimination of lactose, in order to avoid further worsening the diarrhea. (getpersonalgrowth.com)
- When we wanted to be polite, we called it dysentery, or diarrhea. (cap2-7-2.com)
- As dysentery is an infectious disease associated with severe diarrhea. (ontornama.com)
- Chronic diarrhea or chronic dysentery requires long-term treatment. (ontornama.com)
- Diarrhea and dysentery are both gastrointestinal disorders that affect millions of people worldwide. (diferr.com)
- Dysentery is an inflammatory condition of the intestine, specifically the colon, which results in severe diarrhea with the presence of blood and mucus in the stool. (diferr.com)
- Dysentery, like diarrhea, is the body's response to eliminate harmful pathogens from the intestinal tract. (diferr.com)
- In summary, diarrhea and dysentery are both gastrointestinal disorders with distinct differences. (diferr.com)
- Diarrhea is characterized by watery stools and is caused by various factors, while dysentery involves severe diarrhea with blood and mucus in the stool, often resulting from infection. (diferr.com)
- When should I seek medical help for diarrhea or dysentery? (diferr.com)
- As stated earlier, dysentery and other conditions with diarrhea cause the body to lose excess amounts of water. (just-health.net)
- A soothing combination of drugs for the treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. (dechane.com)
- Dysentery is an inflammation of the intestines that causes severe diarrhea with blood. (pediatriccenterng.com)
- In patients with bloody diarrhea, sigmoidoscopy can be useful in diagnosing inflammatory bowel disease, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, shigellosis, and amebic dysentery. (medscape.com)
Prevent dysentery3
- Efforts to prevent dysentery include hand washing and food safety measures while traveling in countries of high risk. (wikipedia.org)
- Practicing good hygiene, drinking clean and safe water, and avoiding consuming undercooked foods are some measures that can help prevent dysentery. (diferr.com)
- If you are traveling to a developing country, it is important to take precautions to prevent dysentery, such as eating only cooked food and drinking only bottled water. (pediatriccenterng.com)
Diarrhoea7
- Photo credit: WHO Dysentery is bloody diarrhoea, i.e. any diarrhoeal episode in which the loose or watery stools contain visible red blood. (who.int)
- The severe form of diarrhoea is called dysentery which is a kind of intestinal disorder. (vedobi.com)
- These bacteria are usually found in contaminated food and water due to which the bacteria called Shigella enter the stomach due to which dysentery, diarrhoea and other types of stomach related problems arise. (vedobi.com)
- The main symptom of epidemic dysentery is bloody diarrhoea. (dehlvi.com)
- The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of zinc deficiency among under-five children with dysentery, and to compare the prevalence of zinc deficiency in children with dysentery with those who have acute non-bloody diarrhoea. (ijpediatrics.com)
- Serum zinc levels were determined using Atomic absorption spectrometry in under-five children with dysentery as well as those with non-bloody diarrhoea. (ijpediatrics.com)
- The influence of breast feeding on the occurrence of dysentery, persistent diarrhoea and malnutrition among Nigerian children with diarrhoea. (ijpediatrics.com)
Amoebic21
- Amoebic Dysentery is caused by an infection caused by entamoeba histolytica. (ayushakti.com)
- Amoebic Dysentery can be fatal if left untreated. (ayushakti.com)
- The amoebic dysentery , Latin amebiasis , called a triggered amoebic infection of the human intestinal tract. (medicinelearners.com)
- This article deals with the causes, diagnosis, course, treatment and prevention of amoebic dysentery. (medicinelearners.com)
- What is amoebic dysentery? (medicinelearners.com)
- Amoebic dysentery is a diarrheal disease that occurs primarily in tropical and subtropical areas such as Thailand, Kenya, Vietnam or India. (medicinelearners.com)
- advanced form of amoebic dysentery, the pathogens also attack organs outside the digestive tract such as the liver, heart, spleen or urinary tract. (medicinelearners.com)
- The main cause of amoebic dysentery is the pathogen Entamoeba histolytica. (medicinelearners.com)
- Fever and chills are also typical symptoms of amoebic dysentery. (medicinelearners.com)
- In a few cases, colonoscopies or ultrasound examinations of the abdomen are used to diagnose amoebic dysentery. (medicinelearners.com)
- The course of amoebic dysentery can usually be assessed as harmless if the disease is diagnosed and treated early. (medicinelearners.com)
- A very rare but also extremely dangerous complication of amoebic dysentery is the so-called toxic megacolon, which often causes severe vomiting , high fever and a state of shock in the patient. (medicinelearners.com)
- In general, however, dangerous complications from amoebic dysentery are rare. (medicinelearners.com)
- Amoebic dysentery is caused by infection of the large intestine with a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. (ontornama.com)
- Amoebic dysentery is caused by a microorganism called Entamoeba histolytica, a single-celled organism called Entamoeba. (ontornama.com)
- Amoebic dysentery is a bacterial infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba Histolytica. (ontornama.com)
- Amebic/amoebic dysentery is extremely rare in children under 5 years of age Amoebic/amoebic dysentery is caused by infection of the large intestine with the parasite Entamoeba histolytica. (ontornama.com)
- To prevent amoebic dysentery or any dysentery, we must first know what is dysentery and what are the causes of this disease? (ontornama.com)
- Entamoeba histolytica parasite: Entamoeba histolytica is a parasite that causes amoebic dysentery, a type of dysentery that is more common in tropical and subtropical climates. (pediatriccenterng.com)
- Amoebic dysentery is treated with antiparasitic medications. (pediatriccenterng.com)
- Marie C, Petri WA: Amoebic dysentery. (msdmanuals.com)
Symptoms5
- Castor oil helps reduce the distressing symptoms of dysentery . (ayurvediccure.com)
- A child with dysentery shouldn�t return to school until 48 hours after symptoms have stopped. (dehlvi.com)
- Whatever dysentery symptoms you have, try ginger tea with or without some honey to get relief within a few days. (just-health.net)
- What is Dysentery Causes, Signs and symptoms, Diagnosis and treatment. (nurpost.com)
- The symptoms of dysentery in children typically develop within 1-3 days of exposure to the bacteria or parasite. (pediatriccenterng.com)
Type of dysentery3
- Dysentery is an infection of the intestines caused by either a group of bacteria called shigella (this type of dysentery is called shigellosis) or by protozoan (single-celled) parasites called Entamoeba (this is called amebic dysentery). (naturalhomecures.com)
- This type of dysentery is caused by a bacteria called Shigella. (vedobi.com)
- This type of dysentery is caused by a parasite called Entamoeba histolytica. (vedobi.com)
Relief from dysentery3
- This is an effective natural remedy to get relief from dysentery. (ayurvediccure.com)
- Haritaki proves to be effective in getting relief from dysentery because the antibacterial properties found in it prove to be helpful in the home treatment of dysentery. (vedobi.com)
- Besides the seeds, coriander herb can provide effective relief from dysentery. (just-health.net)
Shigella8
- Shigella is thought to cause bleeding due to invasion rather than toxin, because even non-toxogenic strains can cause dysentery, but E. coli with shiga-like toxins do not invade the intestinal mucosa, and are therefore toxin dependent. (wikipedia.org)
- S. flexneri , S. sonnei , and S. boydii are other Shigella bacilli that cause dysentery. (britannica.com)
- The two most common causes of dysentery are infection with a bacillus of the Shigella group, and infestation by an ameba, Entamoeba histolytica. (naturalhomecures.com)
- If you suffer from either shigella or amebic dysentery, seek prompt medical attention. (naturalhomecures.com)
- The bacterium Shigella dysenteriae type 1 (Sd1) causes a particularly severe form of the disease known as epidemic dysentery. (dehlvi.com)
- Three other types of of bacteria from the Shigella family - Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei and Shigella boydii - can also cause dysentery, but usually these forms are less dangerous, and do not cause large epidemics. (dehlvi.com)
- Shigella bacteria: Shigella bacteria are the most common cause of bacterial dysentery in children. (pediatriccenterng.com)
- The toxins are named for Dr. Shiga, who first described the bacterial origin of dysentery caused by a rare type of Shigella ( Shigella dysenteriae type 1) that produces Shiga toxin 1. (cdc.gov)
Amebic4
- Amebic dysentery , or intestinal amebiasis, is caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica . (britannica.com)
- Possible complications of amebic dysentery include amebic cysts in liver, brain, and other important organs. (naturalhomecures.com)
- Both Shigellosis and Amebic dysentery are spread by fecal contamination of food and water and are most common where sanitation is poor. (naturalhomecures.com)
- The risk of Amebic dysentery is greater in regions where human excrement is used as fertilizer. (naturalhomecures.com)
Entamoeba1
- In addition to G. duodenalis , they also tested the sediment samples for Entamoeba histolytica and Cryptosporidium- other kinds of microorganisms that can cause dysentery-but didn't find them. (smithsonianmag.com)
Dehydration3
- Dysentery can be fatal as it can cause severe dehydration. (who.int)
- However, dysentery can lead to severe complications if left untreated, such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and damage to the intestines. (diferr.com)
- Do not exercise if you experience severe dysentery, as this can worsen the risk of dehydration. (mtatva.com)
Infection5
- In the book that follows The York Factory Express , tentatively titled "The Brigades," this story is told once again - to the point that everyone is going to get sick of hearing about this measles and dysentery infection. (nancymargueriteanderson.com)
- Dysentery is mainly caused by bacterial infection. (vedobi.com)
- Apart from this, dysentery is also caused by infection with micro-organisms, certain drugs and other diseases. (vedobi.com)
- Dysentery is caused by an infection of the intestines with bacteria or parasites. (pediatriccenterng.com)
- Treatment for dysentery in children depends on the cause of the infection. (pediatriccenterng.com)
Intestines1
- When a person eats or drinks something with dirty hands, the bacteria reach the intestines of the stomach through the hands due to which the problem of dysentery arises. (vedobi.com)
Stools4
- Person is said to be suffering from Dysentery, when he/she starts passing frequent watery stools accompanied by mucous and blood. (ayurvediccure.com)
- In case of dysentery where loss of blood with stools is seen, Chiniumco should be given to the patient. (dechane.com)
- Twenty seven (10.8%) of the 250 children had dysentery, while the remaining 223 children had non-bloody watery stools. (ijpediatrics.com)
- Children with dysentery had a significantly lower mean serum (SD) zinc level of 65.1 (25.0) µg/dl, compared with a mean (SD) of 80.5 (36.3) µg/dl among those without visible blood in their stools (p = 0.034). (ijpediatrics.com)
Amoebiasis1
- It is important to underline that, in the third and fourth world, dysentery is a very frequent cause of death (especially that from amoebiasis - or from amoeba - due to debilitation and septicemia). (getpersonalgrowth.com)
Complications2
- Prolonged dysentery problems lead to various complications. (ontornama.com)
- Although both conditions serve as the body's defense mechanism, dysentery is typically more severe and can lead to complications if not treated promptly. (diferr.com)
Case of dysentery2
- While a serious case of dysentery may require hospitalization, home treatment methods can also be used. (just-health.net)
- Bael fruit, also called wood apple has a natural cooling effect and is soothing in case of dysentery. (just-health.net)
Form of dysentery1
- This form of dysentery, which traditionally occurs in the tropics, is usually much more chronic and insidious than the bacillary disease and is more difficult to treat because the causative organism occurs in two forms, a motile one and a cyst, each of which produces a different disease course. (britannica.com)
Cause of dysentery1
- It can be the cause of dysentery itself and, especially in comorbidity with intestinal infections of various kinds, it is able to greatly affect healing. (getpersonalgrowth.com)
Acute dysentery1
- In case of acute dysentery, mix 1tablespoon of fruit pulp with an equal amount of brown sugar. (just-health.net)
Swine dysentery4
- for Swine Dysentery? (intracare.nl)
- Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae continues to be a serious and re-emerging challenge affecting pigs of all ages. (intracare.nl)
- Often being confused with Ileitis, the Swine Dysentery (SD), also known as one of the major diseases in swine farm. (norfeed.net)
- Used preventively in farms with high risk of Ileitis and or Swine Dysentery, NSOAB9® has shown its capacity to maintain good performances in degraded sanitary conditions. (norfeed.net)
Chronic2
- Bael should be given in its unripe form if dysentery is in its chronic state. (ayurvediccure.com)
- For chronic dysentery, mix 15gm of roasted, unripe fruit pulp with one tablespoon brown sugar and 250ml buttermilk. (just-health.net)
Mucus1
- Dysentery may be accompanied with mucus secretion in the colon. (just-health.net)
Parasites2
- Dysentery may be caused by virus, bacteria or other parasites. (just-health.net)
- Coriander herb is rich in antioxidants and minerals that combine to kill dysentery-causing bacteria and parasites. (just-health.net)
Occurs2
- When dysentery occurs, the patient starts having loose motions. (vedobi.com)
- Similar to bacterial dysentery, it occurs when individuals consume contaminated food or water while traveling to foreign countries. (diferr.com)
Fatal2
- Approximately 5-15% of epidemic dysentery cases are fatal. (dehlvi.com)
- Dysentery requires immediate treatment and may be fatal if left untreated. (just-health.net)
Epidemic1
- So of course I write about the measles/dysentery epidemic in The York Factory Express , as it appeared to Thomas Lowe in 1847 when he brought the incoming express down to Fort Vancouver. (nancymargueriteanderson.com)
Loose motions2
- Dysentery is not only about distressing loose motions, but also abdominal pain as well. (ayurvediccure.com)
- Apple cider vinegar is helpful in preventing dysentery or loose motions because it has natural anti-bacterial properties. (vedobi.com)
Parasitic3
- Dysentery results from bacterial, or parasitic infections. (wikipedia.org)
- Dysentery is caused by certain infections or infestations - such as bacterial, viral, parasitic worms or protozoa - involving the entire intestine up to the stomach (gastroenteritis). (getpersonalgrowth.com)
- Dysentery can be highly contagious, especially if caused by bacterial or parasitic infections. (diferr.com)
Symptom1
- Parvahika means, 'to strain' which denotes a feeling of incomplete evacuation at defecation or straining on defecation which is a general symptom of Dysentery. (ayushakti.com)
Gastroenteritis1
- Dysentery, Gastroenteritis, inflammation of ileum. (homoeopathonline.pk)
Constipation1
- In Ayurveda, it is recommended to drink rice and moong dal water for problems like dysentery and constipation. (vedobi.com)
Outbreaks1
- Medical teams in Solomon Island Western Province Gizo are fighting outbreaks of malaria and dysentery in the aftermath of the recent tsunami that hit the region. (sott.net)
Sanitation1
- Dysentery is often associated with poor sanitation and contaminated food or water. (diferr.com)
Nausea1
- Rapid weight loss and muscle aches sometimes also accompany dysentery, while nausea and vomiting are rare. (wikipedia.org)
Spread1
- Dysentery is spread because of poor hygiene measures. (dehlvi.com)
Diseases1
- Diseases such as hepatitis and dysentery may be caused by contamination from septic tank waste. (cdc.gov)
Large intestine1
- Dysentery is a digestive system ailment whereby the large intestine (colon) is inflamed. (just-health.net)
Bael4
- Bael fruit has traditionally been used as a useful remedy for the treatment of dysentery. (ayurvediccure.com)
- Bael has high amounts of tannin which is effective in the treatment of dysentery. (ayurvediccure.com)
- Consumption of bael fruit is very beneficial for dysentery and stomach problems. (vedobi.com)
- Apart from this, drinking bael syrup is also beneficial in dysentery. (vedobi.com)
Gastrointestinal3
- toc]Dysentery is one of the common gastrointestinal disorders. (ayurvediccure.com)
- A Valuable Tip for Gastrointestinal Disease and Dysentery! (ubqari.org)
- Here, I would like to share a valuable tip for Ubqari readers for gastrointestinal disease and dysentery. (ubqari.org)
Treatment5
- Short-term dysentery is completely cured with short-term treatment. (ontornama.com)
- It acts as a medicine in the treatment of dysentery. (vedobi.com)
- Eating one cup of fermented dairy products with your meals will provide effective dysentery home treatment within a few days. (just-health.net)
- Ginger is a well-known treatment for many digestive problems including dysentery. (just-health.net)
- Similar to ginger, lemon is another go-to dysentery home treatment. (just-health.net)
Pathogens1
- G. duodenalis is one of several pathogens that can cause dysentery. (smithsonianmag.com)
Buttermilk1
- Yogurt and buttermilk are rich in good bacteria which produce acetic acid that kills bad bacteria and reduce the effects of dysentery and other digestive system problems. (just-health.net)