Duodenum. Medical search

Tumors or cancer of the DUODENUM.

Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).

Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.

The abundant submucosal mucous glands in the DUODENUM. These glands secrete BICARBONATE IONS; GLYCOPROTEINS; and PEPSINOGEN II.

The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.

The middle portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between DUODENUM and ILEUM. It represents about 2/5 of the remaining portion of the small intestine below duodenum.

An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the duodenum.

Lining of the INTESTINES, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. In the SMALL INTESTINE, the mucosa is characterized by a series of folds and abundance of absorptive cells (ENTEROCYTES) with MICROVILLI.

The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

Inflammation of the DUODENUM section of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL). Erosive duodenitis may cause bleeding in the UPPER GI TRACT and PEPTIC ULCER.

The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.

The region of the STOMACH at the junction with the DUODENUM. It is marked by the thickening of circular muscle layers forming the pyloric sphincter to control the opening and closure of the lumen.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

The region between the sharp indentation at the lower third of the STOMACH (incisura angularis) and the junction of the PYLORUS with the DUODENUM. Pyloric antral glands contain mucus-secreting cells and gastrin-secreting endocrine cells (G CELLS).

The section of the alimentary canal from the STOMACH to the ANAL CANAL. It includes the LARGE INTESTINE and SMALL INTESTINE.

A pattern of gastrointestinal muscle contraction and depolarizing myoelectric activity that moves from the stomach to the ILEOCECAL VALVE at regular frequency during the interdigestive period. The complex and its accompanying motor activity periodically cleanse the bowel of interdigestive secretion and debris in preparation for the next meal.

A nodular organ in the ABDOMEN that contains a mixture of ENDOCRINE GLANDS and EXOCRINE GLANDS. The small endocrine portion consists of the ISLETS OF LANGERHANS secreting a number of hormones into the blood stream. The large exocrine portion (EXOCRINE PANCREAS) is a compound acinar gland that secretes several digestive enzymes into the pancreatic ductal system that empties into the DUODENUM.

The process of breakdown of food for metabolism and use by the body.

A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

A peptide hormone of about 27 amino acids from the duodenal mucosa that activates pancreatic secretion and lowers the blood sugar level. (USAN and the USP Dictionary of Drug Names, 1994, p597)

A dilation of the duodenal papilla that is the opening of the juncture of the COMMON BILE DUCT and the MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT, also known as the hepatopancreatic ampulla.

A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.

The excision of the head of the pancreas and the encircling loop of the duodenum to which it is connected.

The fluid containing digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas in response to food in the duodenum.

The first stomach of ruminants. It lies on the left side of the body, occupying the whole of the left side of the abdomen and even stretching across the median plane of the body to the right side. It is capacious, divided into an upper and a lower sac, each of which has a blind sac at its posterior extremity. The rumen is lined by mucous membrane containing no digestive glands, but mucus-secreting glands are present in large numbers. Coarse, partially chewed food is stored and churned in the rumen until the animal finds circumstances convenient for rumination. When this occurs, little balls of food are regurgitated through the esophagus into the mouth, and are subjected to a second more thorough mastication, swallowed, and passed on into other parts of the compound stomach. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)

4-Methoxy-2-(5-methoxy-3-methylpyrazol-1-yl)-6-methylpyrimidine. A pyrimidinyl pyrazole with antipyretic, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory activity.

The evacuation of food from the stomach into the duodenum.

A strong corrosive acid that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is formed by dissolving hydrogen chloride in water. GASTRIC ACID is the hydrochloric acid component of GASTRIC JUICE.

The fourth stomach of ruminating animals. It is also called the "true" stomach. It is an elongated pear-shaped sac lying on the floor of the abdomen, on the right-hand side, and roughly between the seventh and twelfth ribs. It leads to the beginning of the small intestine. (From Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)

A peptide of about 22-amino acids isolated from the DUODENUM. At low pH it inhibits gastric motor activity, whereas at high pH it has a stimulating effect.

Passage of food (sometimes in the form of a test meal) through the gastrointestinal tract as measured in minutes or hours. The rate of passage through the intestine is an indicator of small bowel function.

Properties and processes of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM as a whole or of any of its parts.

Fluids originating from the epithelial lining of the intestines, adjoining exocrine glands and from organs such as the liver, which empty into the cavity of the intestines.

Inorganic salts that contain the -HCO3 radical. They are an important factor in determining the pH of the blood and the concentration of bicarbonate ions is regulated by the kidney. Levels in the blood are an index of the alkali reserve or buffering capacity.

A peptide, of about 33 amino acids, secreted by the upper INTESTINAL MUCOSA and also found in the central nervous system. It causes gallbladder contraction, release of pancreatic exocrine (or digestive) enzymes, and affects other gastrointestinal functions. Cholecystokinin may be the mediator of satiety.

The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.

A specialized proteolytic enzyme secreted by intestinal cells. It converts TRYPSINOGEN into its active form TRYPSIN by removing the N-terminal peptide. EC 3.4.21.9.

Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.

Unstriated and unstriped muscle, one of the muscles of the internal organs, blood vessels, hair follicles, etc. Contractile elements are elongated, usually spindle-shaped cells with centrally located nuclei. Smooth muscle fibers are bound together into sheets or bundles by reticular fibers and frequently elastic nets are also abundant. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla within the duodenal papilla. The COMMON BILE DUCT and main pancreatic duct pass through this sphincter.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.

An abnormal anatomical passage between the INTESTINE, and another segment of the intestine or other organs. External intestinal fistula is connected to the SKIN (enterocutaneous fistula). Internal intestinal fistula can be connected to a number of organs, such as STOMACH (gastrocolic fistula), the BILIARY TRACT (cholecystoduodenal fistula), or the URINARY BLADDER of the URINARY TRACT (colovesical fistula). Risk factors include inflammatory processes, cancer, radiation treatment, and surgical misadventures (MEDICAL ERRORS).

A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

Lining of the STOMACH, consisting of an inner EPITHELIUM, a middle LAMINA PROPRIA, and an outer MUSCULARIS MUCOSAE. The surface cells produce MUCUS that protects the stomach from attack by digestive acid and enzymes. When the epithelium invaginates into the LAMINA PROPRIA at various region of the stomach (CARDIA; GASTRIC FUNDUS; and PYLORUS), different tubular gastric glands are formed. These glands consist of cells that secrete mucus, enzymes, HYDROCHLORIC ACID, or hormones.

The segment of GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that includes the ESOPHAGUS; the STOMACH; and the DUODENUM.

DUODENAL OBSTRUCTION by the superior mesenteric artery (MESENTERIC ARTERY, SUPERIOR) which travels in the root of the MESENTERY and crosses over the DUODENUM. The syndrome is characterized by the dilated proximal duodenum and STOMACH, bloating, ABDOMINAL CRAMPS, and VOMITING. Often it is observed in patient with body casts after spinal surgery.

Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. Calbindins possess a variable number of EF-HAND MOTIFS which contain calcium-binding sites. Some isoforms are regulated by VITAMIN D.

The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.

A SOMATOSTATIN-secreting tumor derived from the pancreatic delta cells (SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS). It is also found in the INTESTINE. Somatostatinomas are associated with DIABETES MELLITUS; CHOLELITHIASIS; STEATORRHEA; and HYPOCHLORHYDRIA. The majority of somatostatinomas have the potential for METASTASIS.

Surgical formation of an opening into the DUODENUM.

A syndrome that is characterized by the triad of severe PEPTIC ULCER, hypersecretion of GASTRIC ACID, and GASTRIN-producing tumors of the PANCREAS or other tissue (GASTRINOMA). This syndrome may be sporadic or be associated with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1.

Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

The insertion of a tube into the stomach, intestines, or other portion of the gastrointestinal tract to allow for the passage of food products, etc.

The interruption or removal of any part of the vagus (10th cranial) nerve. Vagotomy may be performed for research or for therapeutic purposes.

Cells found throughout the lining of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that contain and secrete regulatory PEPTIDE HORMONES and/or BIOGENIC AMINES.

Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.

The contents included in all or any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.

A mercaptoethylamine compound that is endogenously derived from the COENZYME A degradative pathway. The fact that cysteamine is readily transported into LYSOSOMES where it reacts with CYSTINE to form cysteine-cysteamine disulfide and CYSTEINE has led to its use in CYSTINE DEPLETING AGENTS for the treatment of CYSTINOSIS.

A mass of histologically normal tissue present in an abnormal location.

A compound used as an x-ray contrast medium that occurs in nature as the mineral barite. It is also used in various manufacturing applications and mixed into heavy concrete to serve as a radiation shield.

Proposed spasmolytic with possible local anesthetic action used in gastrointestinal disorders.

Pathological processes involving the STOMACH.

The black, tarry, foul-smelling FECES that contain degraded blood.

A family of gastrointestinal peptide hormones that excite the secretion of GASTRIC JUICE. They may also occur in the central nervous system where they are presumed to be neurotransmitters.

Congenital obliteration of the lumen of the intestine, with the ILEUM involved in 50% of the cases and the JEJUNUM and DUODENUM following in frequency. It is the most frequent cause of INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION in NEWBORNS. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The liquid secretion of the stomach mucosa consisting of hydrochloric acid (GASTRIC ACID); PEPSINOGENS; INTRINSIC FACTOR; GASTRIN; MUCUS; and the bicarbonate ion (BICARBONATES). (From Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p651)

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Tumor or cancer of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.

The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Minute projections of cell membranes which greatly increase the surface area of the cell.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM. The myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus is located between the longitudinal and circular muscle layers of the gut. Its neurons project to the circular muscle, to other myenteric ganglia, to submucosal ganglia, or directly to the epithelium, and play an important role in regulating and patterning gut motility. (From FASEB J 1989;3:127-38)

Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the INTESTINE. A polyp is attached to the intestinal wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.

HORMONES secreted by the gastrointestinal mucosa that affect the timing or the quality of secretion of digestive enzymes, and regulate the motor activity of the digestive system organs.

A GASTRIN-secreting neuroendocrine tumor of the non-beta ISLET CELLS, the GASTRIN-SECRETING CELLS. This type of tumor is primarily located in the PANCREAS or the DUODENUM. Majority of gastrinomas are malignant. They metastasize to the LIVER; LYMPH NODES; and BONE but rarely elsewhere. The presence of gastrinoma is one of three requirements to be met for identification of ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME, which sometimes occurs in families with MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA TYPE 1; (MEN 1).

Antimuscarinic quaternary ammonium derivative of scopolamine used to treat cramps in gastrointestinal, urinary, uterine, and biliary tracts, and to facilitate radiologic visualization of the gastrointestinal tract.

Absorptive cells in the lining of the INTESTINAL MUCOSA. They are differentiated EPITHELIAL CELLS with apical MICROVILLI facing the intestinal lumen. Enterocytes are more abundant in the SMALL INTESTINE than in the LARGE INTESTINE. Their microvilli greatly increase the luminal surface area of the cell by 14- to 40 fold.

Tumors or cancer in the JEJUNUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).

Agents that cause vomiting. They may act directly on the gastrointestinal tract, bringing about emesis through local irritant effects, or indirectly, through their effects on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the postremal area near the medulla.

The consumption of edible substances.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of positively charged molecules (cations) across a biological membrane.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

The muscular membranous segment between the PHARYNX and the STOMACH in the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

Opening or penetration through the wall of the INTESTINES.

Hydrochloric acid present in GASTRIC JUICE.

Tumors or cancer of the INTESTINES.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.

Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts.

Ducts that collect PANCREATIC JUICE from the PANCREAS and supply it to the DUODENUM.

INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.

A focal malformation resembling a neoplasm, composed of an overgrowth of mature cells and tissues that normally occur in the affected area.

Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A segment of the LOWER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT that includes the CECUM; the COLON; and the RECTUM.

Techniques, procedures, and therapies carried out on diseased organs in such a way to avoid complete removal of the organ and preserve the remaining organ function.

A usually small, slow-growing neoplasm composed of islands of rounded, oxyphilic, or spindle-shaped cells of medium size, with moderately small vesicular nuclei, and covered by intact mucosa with a yellow cut surface. The tumor can occur anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract (and in the lungs and other sites); approximately 90% arise in the appendix. It is now established that these tumors are of neuroendocrine origin and derive from a primitive stem cell. (From Stedman, 25th ed & Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1182)

A carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that is used as a diuretic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.

A malabsorption syndrome that is precipitated by the ingestion of foods containing GLUTEN, such as wheat, rye, and barley. It is characterized by INFLAMMATION of the SMALL INTESTINE, loss of MICROVILLI structure, failed INTESTINAL ABSORPTION, and MALNUTRITION.

Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.

Pathological processes in any segment of the INTESTINE from DUODENUM to RECTUM.

Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.

Vomiting of blood that is either fresh bright red, or older "coffee-ground" in character. It generally indicates bleeding of the UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

Surgical removal of the pancreas. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Surgical formation of an opening through the ABDOMINAL WALL into the JEJUNUM, usually for enteral hyperalimentation.

Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

One of two ganglionated neural networks which together form the enteric nervous system. The submucous (Meissner's) plexus is in the connective tissue of the submucosa. Its neurons innervate the epithelium, blood vessels, endocrine cells, other submucosal ganglia, and myenteric ganglia, and play an important role in regulating ion and water transport. (From FASEB J 1989;3:127-38)

The blind sac or outpouching area of the LARGE INTESTINE that is below the entrance of the SMALL INTESTINE. It has a worm-like extension, the vermiform APPENDIX.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).

An alkaloid, originally from Atropa belladonna, but found in other plants, mainly SOLANACEAE. Hyoscyamine is the 3(S)-endo isomer of atropine.

Inflammation of the GASTRIC MUCOSA, a lesion observed in a number of unrelated disorders.

A condition in which there is a change of one adult cell type to another similar adult cell type.

Young, unweaned mammals. Refers to nursing animals whether nourished by their biological mother, foster mother, or bottle fed.

Proteins that specifically bind to IRON.

Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.

Two ganglionated neural plexuses in the gut wall which form one of the three major divisions of the autonomic nervous system. The enteric nervous system innervates the gastrointestinal tract, the pancreas, and the gallbladder. It contains sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons. Thus the circuitry can autonomously sense the tension and the chemical environment in the gut and regulate blood vessel tone, motility, secretions, and fluid transport. The system is itself governed by the central nervous system and receives both parasympathetic and sympathetic innervation. (From Kandel, Schwartz, and Jessel, Principles of Neural Science, 3d ed, p766)

A pouch or sac developed from a tubular or saccular organ, such as the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.

The amount of a substance secreted by cells or by a specific organ or organism over a given period of time; usually applies to those substances which are formed by glandular tissues and are released by them into biological fluids, e.g., secretory rate of corticosteroids by the adrenal cortex, secretory rate of gastric acid by the gastric mucosa.

Abstaining from all food.

Non-invasive, endoscopic imaging by use of VIDEO CAPSULE ENDOSCOPES to perform examination of the gastrointestinal tract, especially the small bowel.

L-Tryptophyl-L-methionyl-L-aspartyl-L-phenylalaninamide. The C-terminal tetrapeptide of gastrin. It is the smallest peptide fragment of gastrin which has the same physiological and pharmacological activity as gastrin.

Excision of the whole (total gastrectomy) or part (subtotal gastrectomy, partial gastrectomy, gastric resection) of the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.

A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.

An alpha adrenergic antagonist.

A movement, caused by sequential muscle contraction, that pushes the contents of the intestines or other tubular organs in one direction.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Two or more abnormal growths of tissue occurring simultaneously and presumed to be of separate origin. The neoplasms may be histologically the same or different, and may be found in the same or different sites.

The channels that collect and transport the bile secretion from the BILE CANALICULI, the smallest branch of the BILIARY TRACT in the LIVER, through the bile ductules, the bile ducts out the liver, and to the GALLBLADDER for storage.

Proteins obtained from foods. They are the main source of the ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS.

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

An adenoma of the large intestine. It is usually a solitary, sessile, often large, tumor of colonic mucosa composed of mucinous epithelium covering delicate vascular projections. Hypersecretion and malignant changes occur frequently. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Recycling through liver by excretion in bile, reabsorption from intestines (INTESTINAL REABSORPTION) into portal circulation, passage back into liver, and re-excretion in bile.

The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.

Surgery of the smooth muscle sphincter of the hepatopancreatic ampulla to relieve blocked biliary or pancreatic ducts.

All tumors in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT arising from mesenchymal cells (MESODERM) except those of smooth muscle cells (LEIOMYOMA) or Schwann cells (SCHWANNOMA).

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Short-chain fatty acids of up to six carbon atoms in length. They are the major end products of microbial fermentation in the ruminant digestive tract and have also been implicated in the causation of neurological diseases in humans.

Fodder converted into succulent feed for livestock through processes of anaerobic fermentation (as in a silo).

Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.

Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.

Congenital structural abnormalities of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Nutritional physiology of animals.

Treatment process involving the injection of fluid into an organ or tissue.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Inanimate objects that become enclosed in the body.

Dilatation of the intestinal lymphatic system usually caused by an obstruction in the intestinal wall. It may be congenital or acquired and is characterized by DIARRHEA; HYPOPROTEINEMIA; peripheral and/or abdominal EDEMA; and PROTEIN-LOSING ENTEROPATHIES.

Colipase I and II, consisting of 94-95 and 84-85 amino acid residues, respectively, have been isolated from porcine pancreas. Their role is to prevent the inhibitory effect of bile salts on the lipase-catalyzed intraduodenal hydrolysis of dietary long-chain triglycerides.

The time frame after a meal or FOOD INTAKE.

A subtype of enteroendocrine cells found in the gastrointestinal MUCOSA, particularly in the glands of PYLORIC ANTRUM; DUODENUM; and ILEUM. These cells secrete mainly SEROTONIN and some neuropeptides. Their secretory granules stain readily with silver (argentaffin stain).

Abnormal passage communicating with the STOMACH.

A plant genus of the family CLUSIACEAE. Members contain costatolide, calanolides and 4-phenylfuranocoumarins (FUROCOUMARINS).

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

A 14-amino acid peptide named for its ability to inhibit pituitary GROWTH HORMONE release, also called somatotropin release-inhibiting factor. It is expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems, the gut, and other organs. SRIF can also inhibit the release of THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE; PROLACTIN; INSULIN; and GLUCAGON besides acting as a neurotransmitter and neuromodulator. In a number of species including humans, there is an additional form of somatostatin, SRIF-28 with a 14-amino acid extension at the N-terminal.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.

A plant species of the genus CYNARA, family ASTERACEAE. The flower bud is the familiar artichoke eaten as a vegetable.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Calcium-transporting ATPases found on the PLASMA MEMBRANE that catalyze the active transport of CALCIUM from the CYTOPLASM into the extracellular space. They play a role in maintaining a CALCIUM gradient across plasma membrane.

Electroneutral chloride bicarbonate exchangers that allow the exchange of BICARBONATE IONS exchange for CHLORIDE IONS across the cellular membrane. The action of specific antiporters in this class serve important functions such as allowing the efficient exchange of bicarbonate across red blood cell membranes as they passage through capillaries and the reabsorption of bicarbonate ions by the kidney.

The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.

Impairment of bile flow due to obstruction in small bile ducts (INTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS) or obstruction in large bile ducts (EXTRAHEPATIC CHOLESTASIS).

An annual legume. The SEEDS of this plant are edible and used to produce a variety of SOY FOODS.

A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.

Forms of hepcidin, a cationic amphipathic peptide synthesized in the liver as a prepropeptide which is first processed into prohepcidin and then into the biologically active hepcidin forms, including in human the 20-, 22-, and 25-amino acid residue peptide forms. Hepcidin acts as a homeostatic regulators of iron metabolism and also possesses antimicrobial activity.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

An octapeptide hormone present in the intestine and brain. When secreted from the gastric mucosa, it stimulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and digestive enzymes from the pancreas.

Differentiated tissue of the central nervous system composed of NERVE CELLS, fibers, DENDRITES, and specialized supporting cells.

New World marsupials of the family Didelphidae. Opossums are omnivorous, largely nocturnal and arboreal MAMMALS, grow to about three feet in length, including the scaly prehensile tail, and have an abdominal pouch in which the young are carried at birth.

Migration of a foreign body from its original location to some other location in the body.

Aquaporin 5 is a water-specific channel protein that is expressed primarily in alveolar, tracheal, and upper bronchial EPITHELIUM. It plays an important role in maintaining water HOMEOSTASIS in the LUNGS and may also regulate release of SALIVA and TEARS in the SALIVARY GLANDS and the LACRIMAL GLAND.

A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.

A slowly hydrolyzing muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Bethanechol is generally used to increase smooth muscle tone, as in the GI tract following abdominal surgery or in urinary retention in the absence of obstruction. It may cause hypotension, HEART RATE changes, and BRONCHIAL SPASM.

Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the stomach.

A variety of surgical reconstructive procedures devised to restore gastrointestinal continuity, The two major classes of reconstruction are the Billroth I (gastroduodenostomy) and Billroth II (gastrojejunostomy) procedures.

Measurement of the pressure or tension of liquids or gases with a manometer.

Chemical compounds which yield hydrogen ions or protons when dissolved in water, whose hydrogen can be replaced by metals or basic radicals, or which react with bases to form salts and water (neutralization). An extension of the term includes substances dissolved in media other than water. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Infections caused by infestation with worms of the class Trematoda.

A subtype of G-protein-coupled SEROTONIN receptors that preferentially couple to GS STIMULATORY G-PROTEINS resulting in increased intracellular CYCLIC AMP. Several isoforms of the receptor exist due to ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA.

A highly basic, 28 amino acid neuropeptide released from intestinal mucosa. It has a wide range of biological actions affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and respiratory systems and is neuroprotective. It binds special receptors (RECEPTORS, VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE).

Observations on some additional abnormalities in situs inversus viscerum. (1/3075)

The abnormal findings in a case of Situs inversus totalis are described. The duodenum was placed abnormally and retained its primitive mesentery. The proximal 22 in of jejunum were retroperitoneal. The attachment of the root of the mesentery to the posterior abdominal wall had a 7-shaped appearance, and there was a partial failure of the primitive mesocolon to adhere to the posterior abdominal wall. The common hepatic artery arose from the superior meseneric artery, which also provided a branch to the proximal jejunal loop. The right vagus nerve was found anterior to the oesophagus at the oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm, and the left vagus was posterior. A double ureter was present on the right side. The findings are discussed in relation to mid-gut development. (+info)

Indirect evidence for cholinergic inhibition of intestinal bicarbonate absorption in humans. (2/3075)

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to test the hypothesis that in the fasting state, proximal intestinal HCO3- absorption, which depends on villus Na+/H+ exchanger activity, is tonically inhibited by a cholinergic atropine sensitive mechanism. SUBJECTS: The experiments were performed in 34 healthy volunteers and in eight patients with intestinal villus atrophy. METHODS: HCO3- absorption was measured with a modified triple lumen perfusion technique in the distal duodenum, the most proximal portion of the small intestine. The study was designed to compensate for the inhibitory effects of atropine on intestinal motor activity. RESULTS: Atropine had three effects on HCO3- transport: it reduced HCO3- concentration at the proximal aspiration site, it displaced the relation between HCO3- concentration and HCO3- absorption to the left, and it induced a significant acidification of the perfusate at the distal aspiration site. The magnitude of the stimulatory effect on HCO3- absorption was similar to the difference between patients with intestinal villus atrophy and healthy controls. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that, in the fasting state, duodenal HCO3- absorption, which depends on villus Na+/H+ exchanger activity, may be tonically inhibited by an atropine sensitive cholinergic mechanism. (+info)

Intestinal prokinesia by two esters of 4-amino-5-chloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid: involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 receptors and dissociation from cardiac effects in vivo. (3/3075)

In five fasting, conscious dogs, we compared the prokinetic action of two selective 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 (5-HT4) receptor agonists with low affinity for 5-HT3 receptors ML10302 (2-piperidinoethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate) and SR59768 (2-[(3S)-3-hydroxypiperidino]ethyl 4-amino-5-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate) in the duodenum and jejunum, using cisapride as a reference compound. Heart rate and rate-corrected QT (QTc) also were monitored to assess whether or not the cardiac effects of cisapride are shared by other 5-HT4 receptor agonists. Both ML10302 and SR59768 dose-dependently stimulated spike activity in the duodenum with similar potencies (dose range, 3-300 nmol/kg i.v.; ED50 values: 24 and 23 nmol/kg i.v., respectively), mimicking the effect of cisapride (30-3000 nmol/kg i.v.). The maximal effect was achieved with the dose of 100 nmol/kg i.v. for both compounds. Similar findings were obtained in the jejunum. Atropine and GR125487 (1-[2-[(methylsulfonyl)amino]ethyl]-4-piperidinyl-methyl 5-fluoro-2-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carboxylate, selective 5-HT4 receptor antagonist), at doses having no effect per se, antagonized intestinal prokinesia by maximal doses of ML10302 and SR59768. Neither ML10302 nor SR59768 had any effect on heart rate or QTc at any of the doses tested, whereas cisapride, at the highest dose (3000 nmol/kg), induced tachycardia and lengthened the QTC (p <.01). In conclusion, ML10302 and SR59768 share with cisapride a similar prokinetic action in the canine duodenum and jejunum in vivo. This effect is mediated by pathways involving activation of 5-HT4 and muscarinic receptors. Unlike cisapride, which induces tachycardia and prolongs the QTc by a mechanism probably unrelated to 5-HT4 receptor activation, ML10302 and SR59768 are devoid of cardiac effects in this model. (+info)

Developmental changes in mucosubstances revealed by immunostaining with antimucus monoclonal antibodies and lectin staining in the epithelium lining the segment from gizzard to duodenum of the chick embryo. (4/3075)

The mucosubstances in the epithelium lining the segment from gizzard to duodenum during development of the chick embryo was studied histochemically using monoclonal antibodies against gizzard mucus and lectins, with attention to the regional differentiation of the epithelium in this segment. The anterior limit of epithelial CdxA mRNA expression detected by in situ hybridisation, which served as the position of the gizzard-duodenal boundary, was clearly found from d 3. Granules positive for some antibodies or lectins were found in the region ranging from the posterior part of the gizzard to the duodenum at d 3, which was followed by an increase in the number of granules and a gradual enlargement of the granule-positive area to the anterior part of the gizzard over 4-6 d. From d 4, the epithelia of the gizzard body and of the pyloric or duodenal region came to be differently stained with some antibodies or lectins. From d 10, each region showed a specific pattern of staining. The epithelia of the gizzard body and pyloric region contained abundant mucus granules with a different staining pattern. In the duodenum the number of stained granules was low except in occasional goblet cells. Thus the epithelia of the gizzard body, pyloric region and duodenum may produce different mucosubstances and the regional differentiation in these epithelia may start at rather early stages soon after the formation of digestive tube. (+info)

CFTR channel insertion to the apical surface in rat duodenal villus epithelial cells is upregulated by VIP in vivo. (5/3075)

cAMP activated insertion of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) channels from endosomes to the apical plasma membrane has been hypothesized to regulate surface expression and CFTR function although the physiologic relevance of this remains unclear. We previously identified a subpopulation of small intestinal villus epithelial cells or CFTR high expressor (CHE) cells possessing very high levels of apical membrane CFTR in association with a prominent subapical vesicular pool of CFTR. We have examined the subcellular redistribution of CFTR in duodenal CHE cells in vivo in response to the cAMP activated secretagogue vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP). Using anti-CFTR antibodies against the C terminus of rodent CFTR and indirect immunofluorescence, we show by quantitative confocal microscopy that CFTR rapidly redistributes from the cytoplasm to the apical surface upon cAMP stimulation by VIP and returns to the cytoplasm upon removal of VIP stimulation of intracellular cAMP levels. Using ultrastructural and confocal immunofluorescence examination in the presence or absence of cycloheximide, we also show that redistribution was not dependent on new protein synthesis, changes in endocytosis, or rearrangement of the apical cytoskeleton. These observations suggest that physiologic cAMP activated apical membrane insertion and recycling of CFTR channels in normal CFTR expressing epithelia contributes to the in vivo regulation of CFTR mediated anion transport. (+info)

Identification and characterization of alkenyl hydrolase (lysoplasmalogenase) in microsomes and identification of a plasmalogen-active phospholipase A2 in cytosol of small intestinal epithelium. (6/3075)

A lysoplasmalogenase (EC 3.3.2.2; EC 3.3.2.5) that liberates free aldehyde from 1-alk-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine or -choline (lysoplasmalogen) was identified and characterized in rat gastrointestinal tract epithelial cells. Glycerophosphoethanolamine was produced in the reaction in equimolar amounts with the free aldehyde. The microsomal membrane associated enzyme was present throughout the length of the small intestines, with the highest activity in the jejunum and proximal ileum. The rate of alkenyl ether bond hydrolysis was dependent on the concentrations of microsomal protein and substrate, and was linear with respect to time. The enzyme hydrolyzed both ethanolamine- and choline-lysoplasmalogens with similar affinities; the Km values were 40 and 66 microM, respectively. The enzyme had no activity with 1-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-ethanolamine or -choline (intact plasmalogen), thus indicating enzyme specificity for a free hydroxyl group at the sn-2 position. The specific activities were 70 nmol/min/mg protein and 57 nmol/min/mg protein, respectively, for ethanolamine- and choline-lysoplasmalogen. The pH optimum was between 6.8 and 7.4. The enzyme required no known cofactors and was not affected by low mM levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, EDTA, or EGTA. The detergents, Triton X-100, deoxycholate, and octyl glucoside inhibited the enzyme. The chemical and physical properties of the lysoplasmalogenase were very similar to those of the enzyme in liver and brain microsomes. In developmental studies the specific activities of the small intestinal and liver enzymes increased markedly, 11.1- and 3.4-fold, respectively, in the first approximately 40 days of postnatal life. A plasmalogen-active phospholipase A2 activity was identified in the cytosol of the small intestines (3.3 nmol/min/mg protein) and liver (0.3 nmol/min/mg protein) using a novel coupled enzyme assay with microsomal lysoplasmalogenase as the coupling enzyme. (+info)

Administration of an unconjugated bile acid increases duodenal tumors in a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis. (7/3075)

Intestinal carcinogenesis involves the successive accumulation of multiple genetic defects until cellular transformation to an invasive phenotype occurs. This process is modulated by many epigenetic factors. Unconjugated bile acids are tumor promoters whose presence in intestinal tissues is regulated by dietary factors. We studied the role of the unconjugated bile acid, chenodeoxycholate, in an animal model of familial adenomatous polyposis. Mice susceptible to intestinal tumors as a result of a germline mutation in Apc (Min/+ mice) were given a 10 week dietary treatment with 0.5% chenodeoxycholate. Following this, the mice were examined to determine tumor number, enterocyte proliferation, apoptosis and beta-catenin expression. Intestinal tissue prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels were also assessed. Administration of chenodeoxycholate in the diet increased duodenal tumor number in Min/+ mice. Promotion of duodenal tumor formation was accompanied by increased beta-catenin expression in duodenal cells, as well as increased PGE2 in duodenal tissue. These data suggest that unconjugated bile acids contribute to periampullary tumor formation in the setting of an Apc mutation. (+info)

Effect of fast duration on disposition of an intraduodenal glucose load in the conscious dog. (8/3075)

The effects of prior fast duration (18 h, n = 8; 42 h, n = 8) on the glycemic and tissue-specific responses to an intraduodenal glucose load were studied in chronically catheterized conscious dogs. [3-3H]glucose was infused throughout the study. After basal measurements, glucose spiked with [U-14C]glucose was infused for 150 min intraduodenally. Arterial insulin and glucagon were similar in the two groups. Arterial glucose (mg/dl) rose approximately 70% more during glucose infusion after 42 h than after an 18-h fast. The net hepatic glucose balance (mg. kg-1. min-1) was similar in the two groups (basal: 1.8 +/- 0.2 and 2.0 +/- 0.3; glucose infusion: -2.2 +/- 0.5 and -2.2 +/- 0.7). The intrahepatic fate of glucose was 79% glycogen, 13% oxidized, and 8% lactate release after a 42-h fast; it was 23% glycogen, 21% oxidized, and 56% lactate release after an 18-h fast. Net hindlimb glucose uptake was similar between groups. The appearance of intraduodenal glucose during glucose infusion (mg/kg) was 900 +/- 50 and 1,120 +/- 40 after 18- and 42-h fasts (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: glucose administration after prolonged fasting induces higher circulating glucose than a shorter fast (increased appearance of intraduodenal glucose); liver and hindlimb glucose uptakes and the hormonal response, however, are unchanged; finally, an intrahepatic redistribution of carbons favors glycogen deposition. (+info)

in the duodenum). Many Epsilonproteobacteria are motile with flagella. Numerous environmental sequences and isolates of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsilonproteobacteria

The duodenum and pancreas. Interior of the cecum and the lower end of ascending colon, showing colic valve. Transverse section ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ascending_colon

In the region of the duodenum, it forms the dorsal mesoduodenum; and in the region of the colon, it forms the dorsal mesocolon ... The foregut gives rise to the esophagus, the trachea, lung buds, the stomach, and the duodenum proximal to the entrance of the ... The midgut forms the primary intestinal loop, from which originates the distal duodenum to the entrance of the bile duct. The ... Different regions of the gut tube such as the esophagus, stomach, duodenum, etc. are specified by a retinoic acid gradient that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_of_the_digestive_system

Duodenum. Although the precise shape and size of the stomach varies widely among different vertebrates, the relative positions ... In humans, the stomach lies between the oesophagus and the duodenum (the first part of the small intestine). It is in the left ... The pylorus (from Greek 'gatekeeper') is the lower section of the stomach that empties contents into the duodenum. ... The pyloric sphincter controls the passage of partially digested food (chyme) from the stomach into the duodenum, where ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach

Duodenum. *Head of pancreas. *Right kidney and adrenal gland. *Hepatic flexure of colon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Left_lower_quadrant

"Duodenum". 1:32. 3.. "Oh No". 2:03. 4.. "Bit of Nostalgia". 1:35. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpy_Gravy

Gastric outlet obstruction is a narrowing of the pyloric canal by scarring and swelling of the gastric antrum and duodenum due ... may lead to bleeding due to the involvement of gastroduodenal artery that lies posterior to the first part of the duodenum.[ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptic_ulcer_disease

... is inflammation of the duodenum. It may persist acutely or chronically. Known symptoms of duodenitis include: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenitis

The pancreas and duodenum from behind. Arteries and veins around the pancreas and spleen. Coeliac artery compression syndrome ... and the superior half of both the duodenum and the pancreas. These structures correspond to the embryonic foregut. (Similarly, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celiac_artery

A diagram of a compressed duodenum due to a reduced mesenteric angle. SMA syndrome can present in acute, acquired form (e.g. ... Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome is a gastro-vascular disorder in which the third and final portion of the duodenum is ... Retroperitoneal fat and lymphatic tissue normally serve as a cushion for the duodenum, protecting it from compression by the ... Goin, L. S.; Wilk, S.P. (1956). "Intermittent arteriomesenteric occlusion of the duodenum". Radiology. 67 (5): 729-737. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superior_mesenteric_artery_syndrome

The pancreas and duodenum from behind. Pirog, T. P. (December 2019). "POST-HARVEST TREATMENT OF VEGETABLES WITH EXOMETABOLITES ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_mesenteric_vein

"Radiology of the Pancreas and Duodenum." (1973). Eaton, S. Boyd, Stanley B. Eaton III, and Loren Cordain. "Evolution, diet, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Boyd_Eaton

It is also called a duodenum.) Goguryeo music had its own side, which was different from Western music. In other words, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theater_in_Korea

The main role of transferrin is to deliver iron from absorption centers in the duodenum and white blood cell macrophages to all ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transferrin

duodenum. Iron(II) oxide:. *DMT1 (SLC11A2). *Ferritin. *Hephaestin/Ferroportin (SLC11A3/SLC40A1). *Transferrin to Transferrin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferroportin

Duodenum, 20. Jejunum. 21-22. Right and left kidneys.. The front border of the liver has been lifted up (brown arrow).[1] ... These pass through the ampulla of Vater and enter the duodenum. Function[edit]. Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts ... During a meal, the bile is secreted into the duodenum to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the ... The biliary tract refers to the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the duodenum, the first part of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatobiliary_system

Duodenum, 20. Jejunum. 21-22. Right and left kidneys.. The front border of the liver has been lifted up (brown arrow).[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic_duct

... and which same organ is known anatomically as the duodenum. The fat on the duodenum is primarily the edge of the greater ... The very beginning of the duodenum also has part of the lesser omentum attached to it. Any fat, or suet, beyond the first cubit ... The reference here is to the duodenum. After food is broken down in the abomasum (the fourth ruminant stomach), it passes into ... specifically the duodenum. The fat upon the innards is characteristic in that it is covered with a membrane which can be easily ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikkur

Duodenectomy is the removal of the duodenum. Embolectomy is the removal of any type of embolism. Encephalectomy is the removal ... Pancreaticoduodenectomy is the surgical removal involving the pancreas and the duodenum. Panniculectomy is the removal of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_-ectomies

Torticollis in a mallard Same symptom in a broiler PM lesions on proventriculus, gizzard, and duodenum Petechiae in the ... proventriculus and on the submucosae of the gizzard are typical; also, severe enteritis of the duodenum occurs. The lesions are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulent_Newcastle_disease

The duodenum is responsible for absorbing thiamine. The liver can store thiamine for 18 days. Prolonged and frequent ... consumption of alcohol causes a decreased ability to absorb thiamine in the duodenum. Thiamine deficiency is also related to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wernicke–Korsakoff_syndrome

It can also present in the duodenum. Kawachi K, Nakatani Y, Inayama Y, Kawano N, Toda N, Misugi K (April 2002). " ... "Interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma of the duodenum with rapidly fatal course: a case report and review of the literature". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interdigitating_dendritic_cell_sarcoma

e.g. duodenum. duodecim-. dodeca-[38]. e.g. dodecadactylum dodeca/kis/plo/d-. e.g. dodecahedron. dodecat-[39]/o/aio-. dvadasham ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numeral_prefix

Peptic ulcers are also common in the duodenum. Chronic diseases of malabsorption may affect the small intestine, including the ... The small intestine consists of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. Inflammation of the small intestine is called enteritis, which ... endoscopy and biopsy of the duodenum, and barium swallow. Treatments may include renutrition, and antibiotics for infections. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrointestinal_disease

All versions of the GBP bypass the duodenum, which is the primary site of absorption of both iron and calcium. Iron replacement ... It involves the implantation of a duodenal-jejunal bypass liner between the beginning of the duodenum (first portion of the ... Calcium is primarily absorbed in the duodenum, which is bypassed by the surgery. Most patients can achieve adequate calcium ... Again, it is normally absorbed in the duodenum. Ferrous sulfate can cause considerable GI distress in normal doses; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_bypass_surgery

The duodenum is particularly sensitive to the toxin. Injection into dogs resulted in extreme oedema of the submucosal tissues ... of the duodenum while leaving the stomach uninjured. Injection into the eye resulted in lesions similar to flame haemorrhages ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_novyi

The signs of duodenum can vary amongst patients. A high rate of chromosomal damage found in blood lymphocytes can indicate the ... Megaduodenum does not let the muscles of the duodenum function properly, the movement of waste material in the intestines gets ... The treatment mainly depends on the underlying conditions and the degree of distention of the duodenum. It can be symptomatic ... Posturing maneuvers during meals may be helpful in some patients, also to relive any compression of the duodenum the patient ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megaduodenum

In: Surgery of the Stomach and Duodenum, ed. H. N. Harkins and L. M. Nyhus, pp. 461-72. Boston: Little, Brown. 1963 With E. R. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lester_Dragstedt

nov., a new species identified in human duodenum". New Microbes and New Infections. 17: 43-44. doi:10.1016/j.nmni.2016.11.024. ... Duodenibacillus massiliensis has been isolated from the human duodenum. "Duodenibacillus". Www.uniprot.org. Mailhe, M.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenibacillus

Subsequently, the duodenum is transected respecting the pylorus. A duodenum-intestinal anastomosis is carried out, 250 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SADI-S_surgery

Duodenum Duodenum Duodenum Pancreas The name duodenum (/ˌduːəˈdiːnəm/ or /ˌduːˈɒdɪnəm/) is from Medieval Latin, short for ... Dog Duodenum 100X Duodenum with amyloid deposition in lamina propria Section of duodenum of cat. X 60 Micrograph showing ... In mammals the duodenum may be the principal site for iron absorption. The duodenum precedes the jejunum and ileum and is the ... The duodenum wall is composed of a very thin layer of cells that form the muscularis mucosae. The duodenum is almost entirely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum

duodenum (plural duodena or duodenums) *(anatomy) The first part of the small intestine, starting at the lower end of the ... The duodena open into a common pouch just below the entrance of the gall-ducts. The intestine was single from the confluence of ... The ſlender is Duodenum or whole gut, which is next to the ſtomacke, ſome twelue inches long (ſaith Fuſchius.). ... The duodenum receives the chyme from the stomach, and has generally been believed to accomplish the second digestion, or the ...

https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/duodenum

first part of the small intestine that receives digesting material from the ...

https://labtestsonline.org/glossary/duodenum

... duodenum: The horizontal duodenum, because of its location between the liver, pancreas, and major blood vessels, can become ... In duodenum. The horizontal duodenum, because of its location between the liver, pancreas, and major blood vessels, can become ... Other articles where Horizontal duodenum is discussed: ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/horizontal-duodenum

The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small ... The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. It is located between the stomach and the middle part of the small ... After foods mix with stomach acid, they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive ... Anatomy, histology, and developmental anomalies of the stomach and duodenum. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002347.htm

The duodenum is the shortest segment of the intestine and is about 23 to 28 cm (9 to 11 inches) long. It is roughly horseshoe- ... Duodenum, the first part of the small intestine, which receives partially digested food from the stomach and begins the ... digestive system disease: Duodenum. The duodenum is often involved in the diseases of its neighbours, in particular the ... duodenum; Brunner glandA cross section of the superior duodenum, showing the myenteric nerve plexus (*), large clusters of ...

https://www.britannica.com/science/duodenum

Duodenum (fi); duodenum, dvanácterník (cs); Duodenum (bs); Duodenum, Gastroduodénal (fr); Duodenum (jv); Duodenum, Dvanaesterac ... Duodenum (id); duodenum (nn); 12-fingertarmen, Duodendum, Tolvfingertarmen, Duodenum (nb); Duodenum, twaalfvingerdarm (nl); ... Duodenum, ดูโอดีนัม, ลำไส้เล็กตอนต้น, ดูโอดินัม (th); Zwölffingerdarm (de); Duodenum, XII-nica (pl); الأثنى عشر, عفج, Duodenum ... Duodenum (de-ch); Duodenum (de); Duodenum (pam); Տասներկումատնյա աղիք

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Duodenum?uselang=eo

This site uses cookies. More info Close By continuing to browse the site you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Find out more here Close ...

http://www.bmj.com/specialties/stomach-and-duodenum

"Duodenum" is a song by Frank Zappa that first appeared as part of "Lumpy Gravy Part One" on the Verve Records edition of Lumpy ... The duodenum, in anatomy, is part of the digestive system and connects the stomach to the small intestine. Fillmore East - June ... "Duodenum" also appears in its instrumental form on the 1991 live double album Make a Jazz Noise Here as "Theme from Lumpy Gravy ... "Duodenum" as their album opener on their 2000 Zappa tribute, "Frankly A Cappella: The Persuasions Sing Zappa." The Spotnicks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenum_(song)

Hugh J Freeman, "Nonceliac Diaphragm Disease of the Duodenum," Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 453- ... Nonceliac Diaphragm Disease of the Duodenum. Hugh J Freeman Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of British ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cjgh/2000/365170/cta/

Subsequent studies, including endoscopic examination, revealed diaphragm-like strictures in the descending duodenum. Other ... Nonceliac Diaphragm Disease of the Duodenum,. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,. vol. 14. ,. Article ID ... Nonceliac Diaphragm Disease of the Duodenum. Hugh J Freeman1. 1Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology), University of British ... Subsequent studies, including endoscopic examination, revealed diaphragm-like strictures in the descending duodenum. Other ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cjgh/2000/365170/

From outside the duodenum, digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from gall bladder flow into the duodenum, via ducts, to ... While in the duodenum, the chyme is acted upon by enzymes and juices both from outside the duodenum and from cells that are ... In addition, the duodenum is lined with cells that secrete alkaline fluid and enzymes for digestion. The pH in the duodenum is ... The name duodenum is from the Latin duodenum digitorum, meaning "twelve fingers breadths," because it is about twelve ...

https://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Duodenum

... has been diagnosed with a tumor in the duodenum that has protruded the intestinal wall and is now bleeding. The GI doctor ... Bleeding Tumor protruding duodenum wall. My father, age 87,through endoscopys and capsule studies, has been diagnosed with a ... My father, age 87,through endoscopys and capsule studies, has been diagnosed with a tumor in the duodenum that has protruded ... tumor in the duodenum that has protruded the intestinal wall and is now bleeding. The GI doctor believes this is a fast growing ...

http://www.medhelp.org/posts/Stomach-Cancer/Bleeding-Tumor-protruding-duodenum-wall/show/1701986

A new operation, duodenum‐ and spleen‐preserving total pancreatectomy, is described.. Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients ... Duodenum‐ and spleen‐preserving total pancreatectomy has a role in selected patients with medically intractable pain from ... with chronic pancreatitis who had duodenum‐ and spleen‐preserving total pancreatectomy were studied.. Results: There were 15 ...

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/jws/bjs/2003/00000090/00000011/art00017

The duodenum receives the semi-digested food from the stomach. ... Duodenum. The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine ... The stomach and duodenum are part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. The stomach is a muscular pouch located in the upper ... Most of the digestion of the protein, fats and carbohydrate in the chyme is done by the enzymes in the duodenum, before the ... The entry of chyme triggers the release of digestive pancreatic enzymes and bile which enter the duodenum via the pancreatic ...

https://www.mydr.com.au/gastrointestinal-health/stomach-and-duodenum/

... - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view ... TUKAK DUODENUM (Ulkus Duodenum. ) Insiden : Laki-laki 4 kali lebih banyak dari wanita Usia 20-60 tahun, indonesia 30-50 tahun ... Asam ini melakukan auto digesti pada mukosa duodenum sehingga mukosa duodenum menjadi rentan. ... Mukosa duodenum dapat rusak oleh as bikarbonat yang dihasilkan mukosa lambung dan pankreas. ...

https://www.scribd.com/presentation/102454653/Tukak-Duodenum-p-point

Video Atlas of Endoscopy: Duodenum. Learning Themes. Colorectal, Flexible Endoscopy. Sources. Surgeon Submitted, Video Atlas of ...

https://www.sages.org/video/normal-duodenum/

The symptoms of an inflamed duodenum include abdominal pain and bloating, appetite loss and nausea, which may or may not be ... Inflamed duodenum is a condition in which the duodenal lining becomes swollen, usually as a result of H pylori infection, ... The symptoms of an inflamed duodenum include abdominal pain and bloating, appetite loss and nausea, which may or may not be ... It is advisable to visit a doctor immediately when the symptoms of inflamed duodenum appear to ensure early diagnosis and ...

https://www.reference.com/health/symptoms-inflamed-duodenum-23b62d2ddadabbde

Katheterismus des Duodenums von Säuglingen. Authors. * Alfred F. Heß Series Title. Ergebnisse der Inneren Medizin und ...

https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783662372142

confirmed the presence of the resveratrol target Sirt1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, in the duodenum. Intraduodenal infusion ... Two papers report that metformin and resveratrol act within the duodenum to stimulate this gut-brain-liver axis and reduce HGP ... an effect that was blocked by adenoviral-mediated introduction of dominant-negative AMPK into the duodenum or coinfusion of ...

https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/8/378/ec134.abstract

Stomach, greater omentum, Duodenum, Winslow Foramen, Lesser omentum, Duodenal ulcer, Sanjoy sanyal, Hepatogastric ligament, ... Stomach-Duodenum Peritoneal Spaces-Arteries-Surgical Aspects and Syndromes - Sanjoy Sanyal Educational Video created by Dr. ... Stomach-Duodenum Peritoneal Spaces-Arteries-Surgical Aspects and Syndromes - Sanjoy Sanyal is categorized in the following ... If you know the author of Stomach-Duodenum Peritoneal Spaces-Arteries-Surgical Aspects and Syndromes - Sanjoy Sanyal, please ...

https://www.merlot.org/merlot/viewMaterial.htm?id=1376293

Part of the NBL Cell Line Collection. This cell line is neither produced nor fully characterized by ATCC. We do not guarantee that it will maintain a specific morphology, purity, or any other property upon passage.

https://www.atcc.org/en/Products/Cells_and_Microorganisms/By_Tissue/Intestine_Small/CRL-7928.aspx?p=1&rel=%7B0%7D

"Melanosis" of the duodenum associated with a gastric ulcer and folic acid deficiency. Sharp, J.R., Insalaco, S.J., Johnson, L.F ... Ulcer formation and associated tumor production in multiple sites within the stomach and duodenum of rats treated with N-methyl ... Histochemical patterns in early lesions and infiltrating adenocarcinomas induced in mouse duodenum by n-ethyl-n-nitro-n- ... Effect of graded amounts of acid instilled into the duodenum on pancreatic bicarbonate secretion and plasma secretin in ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/1341.html

... duodenum? Find a list of current medications, their possible side effects, dosage, and efficacy when used to treat or reduce ... the symptoms of bleeding+from+stomach,+esophagus+or+duodenum ... esophagus or duodenum? Below is a list of common medications ... used to treat or reduce the symptoms of bleeding from stomach, esophagus or duodenum. Follow the links to read common uses, ...

https://www.webmd.com/drugs/2/condition-2232/bleeding+from+stomach%2C+esophagus+or+duodenum

Biopsy of the duodenum? Whatever did that entail?!. I have become an endoscopy veteran by now and have had more than I care to ... So, I went ahead and got the endoscopy and the duodenum biopsy done. I was advised to do a heparin-free dialysis that night. A ... The day before yesterday, the gastroenterologist suggested that we do an endoscopy and a biopsy of the duodenum.. This sounded ... How can something called biopsy of the duodenum be anything pleasant?!. Anyway, these days I have stopped thinking about all ...

http://www.globaldialysis.com/blogs/kamaldshah/item/545-a-duodenum-biopsy.html

... Trial Phase:. N/A. Minimum Age:. 18 Years. Maximum Age:. N/A ... Pancreatic Juice Diagnosis From Duodenum. Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal of all major cancers with a five year ... collect pancreatic juice from duodenum, it is called "duodenal juice" ,if we collect them. without additional invasion. The ...

http://www.knowcancer.com/cancer-trials/NCT01699698/

... and antonyms of the term DUODENUM in the Online Dictionary. What is a 8 letter word that starts with D? ... DUODENUM: Review the definition, meaning, pronunciation, explanation, synonyms, ... F. duodenum. So called because its length is about twelve fingers breadth.] (Anat.) The part of the small intestines between ...

http://hyperdictionary.com/dictionary/duodenum

The authors describe a case of primary ALCL of the duodenum... ... The authors describe a case of primary ALCL of the duodenum in ... Primary CD30 (Ki-1)-positive anaplastic large cell lymphoma of the duodenum. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02100125

The duodenum joins the jejunum and ileum as one of the three major sections of the human small intestine in the lower ... View a second image of human lower duodenum.. Characteristic of the duodenum or upper small intestine, Brunners glands are ... Human Lower Duodenum. The duodenum joins the jejunum and ileum as one of the three major sections of the human small intestine ... External to this muscular layer, the duodenum is covered by the outermost layer of connective tissue known as the adventitia. ...

http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/optics/olympusmicd/galleries/brightfield/humanlowerduodenum1.html

Bile is drained from the gallbladder into this portion of the duodenum. (actforlibraries.org)
There is a large air and contrast filled diverticulum (yellow arrow) arising off of the medial wall of the 2nd portion of the duodenum, near the ampulla (white arrow). (learningradiology.com)
The largest of these being a 2cm mass in the second portion of the duodenum, along with numerous subcutaneous soft-tissue nodules (Figure 1). (appliedradiology.com)
In the wall of the upper portion of the duodenum are the so-called Brun-ner's glands, which, in structure and in the composition of the juice they secrete, are closely related to the glands of the pyloric portion of the stomach. (thefreedictionary.com)
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery arising from the superior mesenteric artery supplies the portion of the duodenum distal to the duodenal papilla. (healthhype.com)

The pancreatic duct and common bile duct enter the descending duodenum, through the major duodenal papilla. (wikipedia.org)
The second part of the duodenum also contains the minor duodenal papilla, the entrance for the accessory pancreatic duct. (wikipedia.org)
Ducts from the pancreas and gallbladder enter at the major duodenal papilla (papilla of Vater) in the descending duodenum, bringing bicarbonate to neutralize the acid in the gastric secretions, pancreatic enzymes to further digestion , and bile salts to emulsify fat. (britannica.com)
The entry of chyme triggers the release of digestive pancreatic enzymes and bile which enter the duodenum via the pancreatic and common bile ducts , respectively. (mydr.com.au)
It's a very useful chance to collect pancreatic juice from duodenum, it is called "duodenal juice" ,if we collect them without additional invasion. (knowcancer.com)
If the pancreatic cancer is blocking the duodenum (first part of the small intestine), it can make you feel sick. (pancreaticcancer.org.uk)
The acidic, gruel-like food mass (chyme) passing from the stomach continues to be digested in the duodenum under the influence of enzymes of the alkaline pancreatic and intestinal juices. (thefreedictionary.com)
It is the shortest part of the small intestine, measuring approximately 25 centimeters in length and is also the most important site of digestion as the pancreatic enzymes and bile empty into the duodenum. (healthhype.com)
The duodenal papilla which is the opening of the hepatpancreatic ducts (bile + pancreatic ducts) is located in the descending part of the duodenum. (healthhype.com)

There are many different types of cell in the epithelium of the human duodenum, including simple columnar cells with microvilli that function in absorption, undifferentiated columnar cells in crypts that are very active mitotically, goblet cells that produce mucus, Paneth cells at the base of the crypts, and scattered peptide hormone-producing cells known as entero-endocrine cells. (fsu.edu)
Coloured transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of a section through the human duodenum, showing secretory cells of the surface epithelium (lining). (sciencephoto.com)
This comparative study was performed in both rat and human duodenum because samples of human duodenum mucosa can be easily and safely taken during gastrointestinal endoscopy. (aspetjournals.org)
Human Duodenum Biopsy Specimens. (aspetjournals.org)

Semrin MG. Anatomy, histology, and developmental anomalies of the stomach and duodenum. (medlineplus.gov)
The duodenum, in anatomy, is part of the digestive system and connects the stomach to the small intestine. (wikipedia.org)
This enhanced video book of the Human Anatomy Video Project series teaches the structure of the upper abdomen including proximal and distal courses of the contents of hepatoduodenal ligament, coeliac trunk, duodenum and pancreas. (booksmatter.com)
Videos of cholecystectomy, upper endoscopy and polyp removal in the duodenum emphasize this anatomy in life. (booksmatter.com)
The unit illustrates the anatomy of the liver with the gall bladder, pancreas, and duodenum. (wardsci.com)

Considering taking medication to treat bleeding from stomach, esophagus or duodenum? (webmd.com)
Below is a list of common medications used to treat or reduce the symptoms of bleeding from stomach, esophagus or duodenum. (webmd.com)
The ICD-10 code range for ICD-10 Diseases of esophagus, stomach and duodenum K20-K31 is medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). (aapc.com)
ICD-10 Code range (K00-K95), Diseases of oral cavity and salivary glands, contains ICD-10 codes for Diseases of esophagus, stomach and duodenum, appendix, Noninfective enteritis and colitis, Other diseases of intestines, peritoneum and retroperitoneum, Diseases of liver. (aapc.com)

The duodenum joins the jejunum and ileum as one of the three major sections of the human small intestine in the lower gastrointestinal ( GI ) system. (fsu.edu)
It is the site of nutrient absorption and is subdivided into 3 segments: the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. (blausen.com)

The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in most higher vertebrates, including mammals, reptiles, and birds. (wikipedia.org)
In fish, the divisions of the small intestine are not as clear, and the terms anterior intestine or proximal intestine may be used instead of duodenum. (wikipedia.org)
The intestine was single from the confluence of the duodena to the termination of the jejunum. (wiktionary.org)
The duodenum is the first part of the small intestine. (medlineplus.gov)
Duodenum , the first part of the small intestine , which receives partially digested food from the stomach and begins the absorption of nutrients. (britannica.com)
The duodenum is the shortest segment of the intestine and is about 23 to 28 cm (9 to 11 inches) long. (britannica.com)
The mucous lining of the last two segments of the duodenum begins the absorption of nutrients, in particular iron and calcium, before the food contents enter the next part of the small intestine, the jejunum . (britannica.com)
The duodenum is the first section of the small intestine in vertebrates . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Food from the stomach is allowed into the duodenum by a muscle called the pylorus, or pyloric sphincter, and is then pushed through the small intestine by a process of muscular-wavelike contractions called peristalsis. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The duodenum is largely responsible for the breakdown of food in the small intestine . (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The stomach is a muscular pouch located in the upper left abdomen, and the duodenum leads off the stomach, forming the beginning of the small intestine. (mydr.com.au)
Most of the digestion of the protein, fats and carbohydrate in the chyme is done by the enzymes in the duodenum, before the resultant mixture is passed further into the small intestine. (mydr.com.au)
Characteristic of the duodenum or upper small intestine, Brunner's glands are situated in the submucosa as are Meissner's nerve plexuses. (fsu.edu)
Close-up view of the duodenum which is the first section of the small intestine. (sciencephoto.com)
The duodenum / ˌ d uː ə ˈ d i n əm / is the first section o the smaa intestine in maist heicher vertebrates , includin mammals , reptiles , an birds . (wikipedia.org)
The duodenum extends from the pylorus at the bottom of the stomach to the jejunum, the second part of the small intestine. (lymphedemapeople.com)
For decades, this writer knew the duodenum as a short but troubled sector of the small intestine. (lymphedemapeople.com)
In German, the popular term for duodenum is Zwölffingerdarm, the 12-finger intestine. (lymphedemapeople.com)
The jejunum is either the first part of the small intestine, or the second part if you consider the duodenum to be the first part of the small intestine. (actforlibraries.org)
The duodenal is the duodenum which is a short piece of intestine that connects the stomach to the small intestine where all the nutrients are absorbed. (healthtap.com)
The first part of the small intestine is referred to as duodenum. (laparoscopic.md)
The duodenum lies at the beginning of the small intestine. (laparoscopic.md)
The duodenum plays an important role in regulating the emptying of stomach contents into the rest of the small intestine. (laparoscopic.md)
It lies beneath the stomach and is connected to the small intestine at the duodenum (see digestive system). (thefreedictionary.com)
The duodenum is the first of the three parts of the small intestine and continues from the pylorus of the stomach. (healthhype.com)
The duodenum runs a C-shaped course cupping the head of the pancreas and terminates at the duodenojejunal junction (flexure) where the jejunum (second part of the small intestine) arises. (healthhype.com)
Most of the duodenum is fixed in its position unlike the other parts of the small intestine that are fairly mobile. (healthhype.com)
What are the primary functions of the stomach, duodenum, and large intestine? (healthtap.com)

Under microscopy, the duodenum has a villous mucosa. (wikipedia.org)
This is distinct from the mucosa of the pylorus, which directly joins to the duodenum. (wikipedia.org)
H. pylori increases the susceptibility of the duodenal mucosa to damage from unneutralized digestive acids and is a major cause of peptic ulcers , the most common health problem affecting the duodenum. (britannica.com)
These glandular secretions pass through the muscularis mucosa via ducts, on their way to the lumen of the duodenum. (fsu.edu)
We measured short circuit current (I sc ) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) content in muscle-stripped mucosa of rat duodenum after stimulation with troglitazone. (aspetjournals.org)
The duodenum was opened longitudinally into a flat sheet, and the mucosa was separated from the underlying connective tissue and musculature. (aspetjournals.org)

Relations:[citation needed] Anterior Gallbladder Quadrate lobe of liver Posterior Bile duct Gastroduodenal artery Portal vein Inferior vena cava Head of pancreas Superior Neck of gallbladder Hepatoduodenal ligament (lesser omentum) Inferior Neck of pancreas Greater omentum Head of pancreas The second part, or descending part, of the duodenum begins at the superior duodenal flexure. (wikipedia.org)
After foods mix with stomach acid , they move into the duodenum, where they mix with bile from the gallbladder and digestive juices from the pancreas. (medlineplus.gov)
Bile is passed to the gallbladder and then into the duodenum to help with the digestion of fat. (mydr.com.au)
Because of the duodenum's close proximity to the gallbladder, gallstones may have an effect on the duodenum. (actforlibraries.org)
In addition to bile from the gallbladder, there are many enzymes in the duodenum which are responsible for breaking down much of the food you eat. (actforlibraries.org)
In the duodenum the food is mixed with bile (secreted by the liver and stored in the gallbladder) and digestive juices from the pancreas. (laparoscopic.md)

Do you like Abdomen: Duodenum and Pancreas? (booksmatter.com)
Contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) of the abdomen revealed a right renal subcapsular hematoma and multiple masses in the duodenum. (appliedradiology.com)

The stomach and duodenum are part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. (mydr.com.au)
Schematic diagram o the gastrointestinal tract , heichlichtin the duodenum. (wikipedia.org)
The duodenum is located in your gastrointestinal tract just past the stomach. (actforlibraries.org)
The prevention of dyskinesia of the stomach and duodenum consists in timely treatment of the diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, you should prevent stress situations, competently combine labor and rest, eat right. (oxford-med.com.ua)

4. In both the antrum and proximal duodenum, 60-70% of the G17 was in the sulphated form. (biomedsearch.com)

Among 3 cases of duodeno-leaks happened after the operations, 2 cases were cured and one died.Conclusion Strengthening surgeons' responsibilities and improving the quality of surgeries is the key to prevent iatrogenic duodenum injury. (cnki.com.cn)

Duodenal bulb were 2 areas of erosion with erythema and denuding of folds into the second and third portions of the duodenum? (healthtap.com)

In order to gain the most nutrients from the plant and animal matter consumed by a person, the duodenum utilizes digestive enzymes from the pancreas , bile from the gall bladder , and enzymes from duodenal cells, while hormones help to coordinate those actions as well as the emptying of the stomach's contents into the duodenum. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
From outside the duodenum, digestive enzymes from the pancreas and bile from gall bladder flow into the duodenum, via ducts, to help in digestion, stimulated by hormones from the duodenum itself in response to the arrival of the chyme (Judge 2001). (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The chyme is gradually pushed down the duodenum by peristaltic waves which flow down the length of the digestive tract. (mydr.com.au)

A liquid mixture of food and gastric secretions enters the superior duodenum from the pylorus of the stomach , triggering the release of pancreas -stimulating hormones (e.g., secretin ) from glands (crypts of Lieberkühn) in the duodenal wall. (britannica.com)

ICD-10-PCS code 0D793ZZ for Dilation of Duodenum, Percutaneous Approach is a medical classification as listed by CMS under Gastrointestinal System range. (aapc.com)

Preoperative chemoradiation for adenocarcinoma of the pancreas and duodenum. (semanticscholar.org)

The first part of the duodenum is mobile, and connected to the liver by the hepatoduodenal ligament of the lesser omentum. (wikipedia.org)
The horizontal duodenum, because of its location between the liver, pancreas, and major blood vessels, can become compressed by those structures in people who are severely thin, requiring surgical release to eliminate painful duodenal dilatation, nausea, and vomiting. (britannica.com)
Two papers report that metformin and resveratrol act within the duodenum to stimulate this gut-brain-liver axis and reduce HGP, thereby improving glucose metabolism in several rodent models of type 2 diabetes. (sciencemag.org)
The first part of the duodenum is located very close to the liver and pancreas. (actforlibraries.org)
The enzymes which break food down into nutrients mix with the food in the duodenum, as does the bile from the liver. (healthtap.com)
Duodenum and liver were stained for iron and duodenal TfR immunohistochemistry was performed. (wisconsin.edu)
Liver, gall bladder, stomach and duodenum. (ursusbooks.com)

While in the duodenum, the chyme is acted upon by enzymes and juices both from outside the duodenum and from cells that are part of the duodenum. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In addition, the duodenum is lined with cells that secrete alkaline fluid and enzymes for digestion. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Within the wall are BRUNNER'S GLANDS and PANETH CELLS which, together with secretions from the pancreas entering the duodenum via the bile duct, produce a whole range of enzymes to complete digestion. (thefreedictionary.com)

The duodenum is a common site for the formation of peptic ulcers. (lymphedemapeople.com)
Due to the exposure to acidic contents of the stomach, the duodenum, especially the upper segment is quite prone to develop peptic ulcers, a disease that is characterized by symptoms of abdominal pain, regurgitation of food, weight loss, and loss of appetite. (laparoscopic.md)
Most peptic ulcers are in the duodenum. (thefreedictionary.com)

The duodena open into a common pouch just below the entrance of the gall-ducts. (wiktionary.org)
These 2 ducts join the duodenum at the ampulla of Vater, or the hepatopancreatic ampulla. (mydr.com.au)
The ducts from the GALL BLADDER and PANCREAS enter the duodenum. (thefreedictionary.com)

Once food is semi-digested it is known as chyme and is passed through the pyloric sphincter , a ring of smooth muscle at the lower part of the stomach, by muscular contractions into the duodenum. (mydr.com.au)
The pyloric sphincter controls this exit of partially-digested food from the stomach into the duodenum, so that only small amounts are passed through at a time. (mydr.com.au)
The partially digested food mixed with acid is passed to the duodenum via the pyloric sphincter. (laparoscopic.md)

Glands line the duodenum, known as Brunner's glands, which secrete mucus and bicarbonate in order to neutralise stomach acids. (wikipedia.org)
Brunner's glands, which secrete mucus, are found in the duodenum. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Pig duodenum stained to differentiate carboxylated mucus in Brunner's glands (yellow) from sulfonated mucus in gobletcells (blue-green). (histology-world.com)
The rostral duodenum shows a local absence of the normal columnar epithelial lining, villi, and Brunner's glands, which are replaced by a GLUT2-positive cuboidal epithelium resembling the bile duct lining. (biologists.org)

Whether taken from proximal or distal part of duodenum, biopsies revealed no differences under macroscopic imaging, routine histology and Marsh grading. (celiac.com)

Low gastrin concentration in the proximal duodenum was associated with a reduced percentage of G17. (biomedsearch.com)

The duodenum is often involved in the diseases of its neighbours, in particular the pancreas and the biliary tract. (britannica.com)
Lee J.H., Chung W.C. (2018) Other Diseases of the Duodenum. (springer.com)
The Duodenum-Its Structure and Function, Its Diseases and Their Medical and Surgical Treatment. (annals.org)
The Acute and Chronic Peptic Lesions of the Stomach and the Duodenum: Their Frequency, Mutual Relation and Correlation with Other Diseases. (annals.org)

My father, age 87,through endoscopys and capsule studies, has been diagnosed with a tumor in the duodenum that has protruded the intestinal wall and is now bleeding. (medhelp.org)
In this study, we have measured the concentrations of individual bile salts in human intestinal fluids (n=6) collected from two different locations (duodenum and jejunum) in the fasted state. (ovid.com)
It was observed in every intestinal segment, but was highest in the duodenum. (biochemj.org)

Low tissue gastrin content in the ovine distal duodenum is associated with increased percentage of G34. (biomedsearch.com)
3. The proportion of G34 increased progressively down the duodenum from a mean of 7% proximally to 47% in the most distal segment, and correlated negatively in any segment with the gastrin content. (biomedsearch.com)
Celiac.com 03/15/2010 - A team of researchers recently set out to investigate mucosal expression of claudins 2, 3 and 4 in the proximal and distal parts of duodenum in children with celiac disease. (celiac.com)
To address the situation, the team performed a comparative study to examine the CLDN 2, 3 and 4 expressions in both the proximal and distal parts of duodenum in children with celiac disease and in control subjects. (celiac.com)
The team took biopsies from proximal and distal part of duodenum, and used immunohistochemistry to detect CD3+ intraepithelial lymphocytes and CLDN 2, 3 and 4 protein expressions. (celiac.com)
However, in comparison to controls, patients with severe celiac disease showed significantly higher CLDN 2 expression in bulb and in distal duodenum, while non-severe celiac patients showed higher distal CLDN 2 expression. (celiac.com)

The absorption of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients begins in the duodenum. (medlineplus.gov)
Stomach acids are neutralized and numerous folds in the duodenum help in absorption of nutrients. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
In exchange for these benefits, the duodenum plays a critical role securing the nutrients for the health of the body and its cells. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
The absorption of various nutrients such as the minerals and vitamins starts in the duodenum. (laparoscopic.md)
Evidence from recent animal studies suggests that the rapid return to euglycemia seen in T2DM patients after GBP might in part result from excluding the duodenum from the flow of nutrients. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Surgery revealed a neuroendocrine neoplasm of the ampulla of Vater and five tumors in the duodenum and proximal jejunum, the largest measuring 3.7cm. (appliedradiology.com)

The day before yesterday, the gastroenterologist suggested that we do an endoscopy and a biopsy of the duodenum . (globaldialysis.com)
So, I went ahead and got the endoscopy and the duodenum biopsy done. (globaldialysis.com)
Duodenum specimens were obtained at biopsy by consent from patients who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy in Kyoto University Hospital. (aspetjournals.org)

duodenum Endoscopic image of the duodenum. (britannica.com)
Subsequent studies, including endoscopic examination, revealed diaphragm-like strictures in the descending duodenum. (hindawi.com)

The first part of the duodenum lies within the peritoneum but its other parts are retroperitoneal. (wikipedia.org)
The duodenum is almost entirely retroperitoneal, with the exception of the very first part. (newworldencyclopedia.org)
It has a mesentery and is intraperitoneal, while the rest of the duodenum is retroperitoneal. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

A biopsy involved cutting off a tiny little piece of the tissue in the duodenum and examining it under the microscope. (globaldialysis.com)
External to this muscular layer, the duodenum is covered by the outermost layer of connective tissue known as the adventitia. (fsu.edu)
We expected peritonitis and extreme tissue swelling with adhesions in the upper abdominal cavity, but only saw a slightly swollen duodenum with very few fibrin stripes and roughly 250 ml of white, exudative, intraperitoneal fluid. (sages.org)
The rat duodenum tissue section illustrated in the digital image above was labeled with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) conjugated to Oregon Green 488. (microscopyu.com)

Coeliac artery is the brach from front of abdominal aorta beginning at t12, L1 spine level and its 3 branches -left gastric artery, common hepatic artery and spenic artery give the main arterial supply as branches to pancreas , duodenum and stomach -major part.Part of the duodenum , stomach and pancreas are also supplied by superior mesenteric artery , which is a separate branch of abdominal aorta. (healthtap.com)

The duodenum receives arterial blood from two different sources. (wikipedia.org)
Proximal to the 2nd part of the duodenum (approximately at the major duodenal papilla - where the bile duct enters) the arterial supply is from the gastroduodenal artery and its branch the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery. (wikipedia.org)

A primary or metastatic malignant neoplasm that affects the duodenum. (semanticscholar.org)

The duodenum receives the chyme from the stomach, and has generally been believed to accomplish the second digestion, or the conversion of chyme into chyle . (wiktionary.org)
Digestion continues in the duodenum once the chyme enters from the stomach. (mydr.com.au)

The objective of this study is to characterize the commensal microbiome present in the lumen and the mucosal surface of the duodenum of cattle, as we hypothesize that due to metabolic processes and or host proprieties, there are differences in the natural microbiota present in the mucosal surface and luminal contents of the bovine duodenum. (frontiersin.org)

A gallstone which jams into the bile duct can ulcerate into the duodenum, causing a significant obstruction in your gastrointestinal system. (actforlibraries.org)
Vascular obstruction of the duodenum has been reported as a consequence of the application of a cast or the correction of a spinal curvature following severe bum or combat injuries and complicating treatment of a fractured femur with balanced traction. (journals.co.za)

Biopsy of the duodenum? (globaldialysis.com)
How can something called 'biopsy of the duodenum' be anything pleasant? (globaldialysis.com)

The duodenum wall is composed of a very thin layer of cells that form the muscularis mucosae. (newworldencyclopedia.org)

Regardless of this debate, the duodenum is a small tube approximately 10 inches long and not more than an inch or two in diameter. (actforlibraries.org)

Inflammation of the duodenum is known as duodenitis, which has various causes, prominent among them infection by the bacterium Helicobacter pylori . (britannica.com)
The symptoms of duodenum inflammation may occur occasionally or continuously. (reference.com)
What causes "inflammation" of the duodenum? (healthtap.com)

The wall of the duodenum consists of three layers: the inner layer of mucous membrane, the middle layer of muscular membrane, and the external layer of serous membrane. (thefreedictionary.com)

The effects of severe protein malnutrition (4%) on myenteric neurons of Wistar rat duodenum, in relation to a standard 22%-protein diet for rodents, were assessed in this study. (scielo.br)

Segments of the duodenum from 10 rats from each nutritional group were submitted to the elaboration of whole mounts - 5 stained with Giemsa to determine the total population of myenteric neurons and the others stained by a histochemical method to detect nervous cells through the NADPH-diaphorase enzyme activity for studying the subpopulation of nitrergic neurons. (scielo.br)
The signaling pathways following histamine H3 receptor activation by (R)alpha-methylhistamine (MHA) have been examined in the isolated guinea pig duodenum, in which selective excitation of cholinergic neurons was induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS). (aspetjournals.org)

The duodenum also may be the site of diverticula, fistulas, and occasionally tumors. (thefreedictionary.com)

Primary cancer of the duodenum is an infrequent disease. (britannica.com)
Pathology of the Stomach and Duodenum comprehensively surveys gastric and duodenal disease, including clinical findings, pathophysiology, and epidemiology, and emphasizing diagnostic gross and microscopic pathology. (indigo.ca)
Topics discussed include anomalies, gastritis, peptic ulceration, hyperplasias and benign epithelial tumors, carcinoma of the stomach and duodenum, carcinoid tumors, reactive and neoplastic lymphoid lesions, gastric smooth muscle and nerve sheath tumors, and miscellaneous lesions and rare conditions reflecting gastroduodenal participation in systemic disease. (indigo.ca)
Any ulceration through the duodenum, which is a form of peptic ulcer disease, can damage many of the organs around the duodenum. (actforlibraries.org)
Ulcer is the most common disease of the duodenum. (thefreedictionary.com)

Anatomy54

Organisms15

Diseases60

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes29

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture8

Information Science1

Health Care3

Observations on some additional abnormalities in situs inversus viscerum. (1/3075)

Indirect evidence for cholinergic inhibition of intestinal bicarbonate absorption in humans. (2/3075)

Intestinal prokinesia by two esters of 4-amino-5-chloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid: involvement of 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 receptors and dissociation from cardiac effects in vivo. (3/3075)

Developmental changes in mucosubstances revealed by immunostaining with antimucus monoclonal antibodies and lectin staining in the epithelium lining the segment from gizzard to duodenum of the chick embryo. (4/3075)

CFTR channel insertion to the apical surface in rat duodenal villus epithelial cells is upregulated by VIP in vivo. (5/3075)

Identification and characterization of alkenyl hydrolase (lysoplasmalogenase) in microsomes and identification of a plasmalogen-active phospholipase A2 in cytosol of small intestinal epithelium. (6/3075)

Administration of an unconjugated bile acid increases duodenal tumors in a murine model of familial adenomatous polyposis. (7/3075)

Effect of fast duration on disposition of an intraduodenal glucose load in the conscious dog. (8/3075)

Duodenal Neoplasms

Duodenal Diseases

Duodenal Obstruction

Brunner Glands

Intestine, Small

Jejunum

Stomach

Duodenoscopy

Intestinal Mucosa

Gastrointestinal Motility

Duodenitis

Ileum

Pylorus

Intestinal Absorption

Pyloric Antrum

Intestines

Myoelectric Complex, Migrating

Pancreas

Digestion

Digestive System

Secretin

Ampulla of Vater

Duodenal Ulcer

Pancreaticoduodenectomy

Pancreatic Juice

Rumen

Epirizole

Gastric Emptying

Hydrochloric Acid

Abomasum

Motilin

Gastrointestinal Transit

Digestive System Physiological Phenomena

Intestinal Secretions

Bicarbonates

Cholecystokinin

Common Bile Duct

Enteropeptidase

Animal Feed

Muscle, Smooth

Sphincter of Oddi

Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal

Intestinal Fistula

S100 Calcium Binding Protein G

Gastric Mucosa

Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Superior Mesenteric Artery Syndrome

Stomach, Ruminant

Calbindins

Gastric Outlet Obstruction

Somatostatinoma

Duodenostomy

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Gastrointestinal Tract

Intubation, Gastrointestinal

Vagotomy

Enteroendocrine Cells

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Gallbladder

Gastrointestinal Contents

Colon

Cysteamine

Choristoma

Barium Sulfate

Trimebutine

Stomach Diseases

Melena

Gastrins

Intestinal Atresia

Rats, Wistar

Gastric Juice

Muscle Relaxation

Cattle

Common Bile Duct Neoplasms

Vagus Nerve

Hydrogen-Ion Concentration

Microvilli

Nitrogen

Endoscopy

Swine