Severe drug eruption characterized by high fever, erythematous rash and inflammation of internal organ(s).
Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.
Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions.
Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.
A characteristic symptom complex.
Infection with ROSEOLOVIRUS, the most common in humans being EXANTHEMA SUBITUM, a benign disease of infants and young children.
A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)
Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.
Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.
An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar.
An acute, short-lived, viral disease of infants and young children characterized by a high fever at onset that drops to normal after 3-4 days and the concomitant appearance of a macular or maculopapular rash that appears first on the trunk and then spreads to other areas. It is the sixth of the classical exanthematous diseases and is caused by HHV-6; (HERPESVIRUS 6, HUMAN). (From Dorland, 27th ed)
The type species of ROSEOLOVIRUS isolated from patients with AIDS and other LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. It infects and replicates in fresh and established lines of hematopoietic cells and cells of neural origin. It also appears to alter NK cell activity. HHV-6; (HBLV) antibodies are elevated in patients with AIDS, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and certain malignancies. HHV-6 is the cause of EXANTHEMA SUBITUM and has been implicated in encephalitis.
A peripheral blood picture resembling that of leukemia or indistinguishable from it on the basis of morphologic appearance alone. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Agents that increase uric acid excretion by the kidney (URICOSURIC AGENTS), decrease uric acid production (antihyperuricemics), or alleviate the pain and inflammation of acute attacks of gout.
Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.
Substances that suppress Mycobacterium leprae, ameliorate the clinical manifestations of leprosy, and/or reduce the incidence and severity of leprous reactions.
Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.
An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.
Drugs used to prevent SEIZURES or reduce their severity.
A XANTHINE OXIDASE inhibitor that decreases URIC ACID production. It also acts as an antimetabolite on some simpler organisms.
Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.
Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.
The mechanism by which latent viruses, such as genetically transmitted tumor viruses (PROVIRUSES) or PROPHAGES of lysogenic bacteria, are induced to replicate and then released as infectious viruses. It may be effected by various endogenous and exogenous stimuli, including B-cell LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES, glucocorticoid hormones, halogenated pyrimidines, IONIZING RADIATION, ultraviolet light, and superinfecting viruses.
An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.

Drug hypersensitivity syndrome with significant gastrointestinal involvement. (1/5)

Drug hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS) is an idiosyncratic systemic reaction to a drug. The clinical presentation of this syndrome comprises a diverse spectrum, ranging from mild to fulminating organ failure. Nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms are common in DHS, but severe morbidities and mortalities attributed to gut disease in DHS are rarely described. We present a case of DHS with significant gastrointestinal symptoms of prolonged profuse watery diarrhoea and persistent hypokalaemia requiring judicious intravenous water and electrolyte replacement. The symptoms resolved only after the introduction of intravenous hydrocortisone. It is important to consider intravenous corticosteroids if the gastrointestinal system is involved, as accelerated gut motility and mucosal damage would affect absorption of oral medications. Supportive treatment with the monitoring of fluid and electrolytes status and judicious replacement remains fundamental in the management of DHS patients with gut involvement.  (+info)

Successful extracorporeal liver dialysis for the treatment of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced fulminant hepatic failure. (2/5)

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMZ) is a commonly used antibiotic that has been associated with drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome. DRESS syndrome is characterised by fever, rash, lymphadenopathy, eosinophilia and one or more major organ involvement. Although rare, TMP-SMZ is a recognised cause of fulminant hepatic failure. We report a 17-year-old Chinese male adolescent who presented with fever, myalgia, generalised maculopapular rash and lymphadenopathy after taking TMP-SMZ for acne vulgaris. He subsequently developed hepatic encephalopathy and was worked up for urgent liver transplantation. He responded well to extracorporeal liver dialysis (originally intended as a bridging therapy) and subsequently recovered without the need for liver transplantation. This case report highlights the importance of early recognition of TMP-SMZ-induced DRESS syndrome and the need for early discontinuation of the drug in the affected patient. Extracorporeal liver dialysis and transplantation should be considered in the management of TMP-SMZ-induced fulminant hepatic failure.  (+info)

DRESS syndrome with cerebral vasculitis. (3/5)

DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) syndrome is a severe reaction triggered by drugs that manifests as pyrexia and eosinophilia with involvement of the skin and internal organs. We herein describe the case of a patient who developed hyperuricemia after receiving treatment for tuberculosis, then took allpurinol and developed DRESS syndrome with a contextual coma and right hemisyndrome. This report describes for the first time the presence of vasculitic cerebral involvement in a patient with DRESS syndrome. The cerebral vasculitis responded to treatment, showing clinical and instrumental remission. In cases such as this, allergic cerebral vasculitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis because it can be treated if recognized early, thus leading to remission without the development of any sequelae.  (+info)

Acute eosinophilic myocarditis with dramatic response to steroid therapy: the central role of echocardiography in diagnosis and follow-up. (4/5)

Acute eosinophilic myocarditis is a rare cause of acute heart failure. We present the case of a 32-year-old woman who had presumptive eosinophilic myocarditis as part of a generalized hypersensitivity reaction (Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms [DRESS] syndrome) that exhibited a dramatic response to steroid therapy. We highlight the central role of 2-dimensional and tissue-Doppler echocardiography in the diagnosis of myocarditis and the serial evaluation of left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in this setting.  (+info)

A case of Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) related to rufinamide. (5/5)

Drug Rash (or Reaction) with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) is a potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction to drugs characterized by rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, hematologic abnormalities, and involvement of internal organs. Initially coined in 1996, the term is used to refer to an idiosyncratic reaction to several drugs, the most common of which are carbamazepine, allopurinol, sulfasalazine, and phenobarbital. We report the first case of DRESS related to rufinamide in a ten year old boy with a history of a complex seizure disorder.  (+info)

Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome (DHS), also known as Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), is a severe adverse drug reaction that can affect multiple organ systems in the body. It is characterized by a combination of skin rash, fever, lymph node enlargement, and internal organ involvement, such as hepatitis, nephritis, pneumonitis, or myocarditis.

The syndrome typically occurs within 2 to 6 weeks after starting a medication, but it can occur even several months later. The most commonly implicated drugs are aromatic anticonvulsants (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, and phenobarbital), sulfonamides, dapsone, allopurinol, and abacavir.

The exact mechanism of DHS is not fully understood, but it is believed to involve an immune-mediated reaction, possibly triggered by a genetic predisposition or altered drug metabolism. The diagnosis of DHS is based on clinical criteria, including the presence of skin rash, fever, lymphadenopathy, and internal organ involvement, as well as laboratory abnormalities such as eosinophilia and atypical lymphocytosis.

Treatment of DHS typically involves discontinuation of the offending drug, supportive care, and management of specific organ involvement. Corticosteroids are often used to suppress the immune response and reduce inflammation, but their efficacy is not well established. The prognosis of DHS varies depending on the severity of organ involvement and the timeliness of appropriate treatment.

Drug hypersensitivity is an abnormal immune response to a medication or its metabolites. It is a type of adverse drug reaction that occurs in susceptible individuals, characterized by the activation of the immune system leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This reaction can range from mild symptoms such as skin rashes, hives, and itching to more severe reactions like anaphylaxis, which can be life-threatening.

Drug hypersensitivity reactions can be classified into two main types: immediate (or IgE-mediated) and delayed (or non-IgE-mediated). Immediate reactions occur within minutes to a few hours after taking the medication and are mediated by the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators from mast cells and basophils. Delayed reactions, on the other hand, can take several days to develop and are caused by T-cell activation and subsequent cytokine release.

Common drugs that can cause hypersensitivity reactions include antibiotics (such as penicillins and sulfonamides), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), monoclonal antibodies, and chemotherapeutic agents. It is important to note that previous exposure to a medication does not always guarantee the development of hypersensitivity reactions, as they can also occur after the first administration in some cases.

The diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity involves a thorough medical history, physical examination, and sometimes skin or laboratory tests. Treatment typically includes avoiding the offending medication and managing symptoms with antihistamines, corticosteroids, or other medications as needed. In severe cases, emergency medical care may be required to treat anaphylaxis or other life-threatening reactions.

A "drug eruption" is a general term used to describe an adverse skin reaction that occurs as a result of taking a medication. These reactions can vary in severity and appearance, and may include symptoms such as rash, hives, itching, redness, blistering, or peeling of the skin. In some cases, drug eruptions can also cause systemic symptoms such as fever, fatigue, or joint pain.

The exact mechanism by which drugs cause eruptions is not fully understood, but it is thought to involve an abnormal immune response to the medication. There are many different types of drug eruptions, including morphilliform rashes, urticaria (hives), fixed drug eruptions, and Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN), which is a severe and potentially life-threatening reaction.

If you suspect that you are experiencing a drug eruption, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. Your healthcare provider can help determine the cause of the reaction and recommend appropriate treatment. In some cases, it may be necessary to discontinue the medication causing the reaction and switch to an alternative therapy.

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare, serious and potentially life-threatening skin reaction that usually occurs as a reaction to medication but can also be caused by an infection. SJS is characterized by the detachment of the epidermis (top layer of the skin) from the dermis (the layer underneath). It primarily affects the mucous membranes, such as those lining the eyes, mouth, throat, and genitals, causing painful raw areas that are prone to infection.

SJS is considered a severe form of erythema multiforme (EM), another skin condition, but it's much more serious and can be fatal. The symptoms of SJS include flu-like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and fatigue, followed by a red or purplish rash that spreads and blisters, eventually leading to the detachment of the top layer of skin.

The exact cause of Stevens-Johnson Syndrome is not always known, but it's often triggered by medications such as antibiotics, anti-convulsants, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and antiretroviral drugs. Infections caused by herpes simplex virus or Mycoplasma pneumoniae can also trigger SJS.

Treatment for Stevens-Johnson Syndrome typically involves hospitalization, supportive care, wound care, and medication to manage pain and prevent infection. Discontinuing the offending medication is crucial in managing this condition. In severe cases, patients may require treatment in a burn unit or intensive care unit.

A syndrome, in medical terms, is a set of symptoms that collectively indicate or characterize a disease, disorder, or underlying pathological process. It's essentially a collection of signs and/or symptoms that frequently occur together and can suggest a particular cause or condition, even though the exact physiological mechanisms might not be fully understood.

For example, Down syndrome is characterized by specific physical features, cognitive delays, and other developmental issues resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21. Similarly, metabolic syndromes like diabetes mellitus type 2 involve a group of risk factors such as obesity, high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and abnormal cholesterol or triglyceride levels that collectively increase the risk of heart disease, stroke, and diabetes.

It's important to note that a syndrome is not a specific diagnosis; rather, it's a pattern of symptoms that can help guide further diagnostic evaluation and management.

Roseolovirus infections are typically caused by human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). The most common manifestation of roseolovirus infection is exanthem subitum, also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease, which primarily affects children aged 6 months to 2 years.

The infection usually begins with a fever that can last for up to a week, followed by the appearance of a rash once the fever subsides. The rash is typically pinkish-red, maculopapular (consisting of both flat and raised lesions), and appears on the trunk, spreading to the face, neck, and extremities. It usually lasts for 1-2 days.

In addition to exanthem subitum, roseolovirus infections can also cause a variety of other clinical manifestations, including febrile seizures, hepatitis, pneumonitis, myocarditis, and encephalitis. HHV-6 and HHV-7 have also been associated with several chronic diseases, such as chronic fatigue syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and certain malignancies.

Transmission of roseolovirus occurs through saliva and other bodily fluids, and primary infection is usually acquired during childhood. Once infected, the virus remains latent in the body and can reactivate later in life, although reactivation rarely causes symptoms.

Dapsone is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called sulfones. It is primarily used to treat bacterial skin infections such as leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis (a skin condition associated with coeliac disease). Dapsone works by killing the bacteria responsible for these infections.

In addition, dapsone has anti-inflammatory properties and is sometimes used off-label to manage inflammatory conditions such as vasculitis, bullous pemphigoid, and chronic urticaria. It is available in oral tablet form and topical cream or gel form.

Like all medications, dapsone can cause side effects, which may include nausea, loss of appetite, and headache. More serious side effects, such as methemoglobinemia (a blood disorder that affects the body's ability to transport oxygen), peripheral neuropathy (nerve damage that causes pain, numbness, or weakness in the hands and feet), and liver damage, can occur but are less common.

It is important for patients taking dapsone to be monitored by a healthcare provider to ensure safe and effective use of the medication.

HLA-B antigens are human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins found on the surface of cells that play an important role in the body's immune system. They are part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules, which present pieces of proteins from inside the cell to T-cells, a type of white blood cell involved in immune responses.

HLA-B antigens are highly polymorphic, meaning that there are many different variations or alleles of this gene in the human population. This genetic diversity allows for a wide range of potential HLA-B proteins to be expressed, which can help recognize and respond to a variety of foreign substances, such as viruses and cancer cells.

The HLA-B antigens are inherited from both parents, and an individual may express one or two different HLA-B antigens depending on their genetic makeup. The specific combination of HLA-B antigens that a person expresses can have implications for their susceptibility to certain diseases, as well as their compatibility with organ transplants.

An exanthem is a skin eruption or rash that often occurs as a symptom of various diseases, such as infectious illnesses. It can appear in different forms, including maculopapular (consisting of both macules and papules), vesicular (small fluid-filled blisters), petechial (small purple or red spots caused by bleeding under the skin), or erythematous (reddened). The rash can be localized to certain areas of the body or generalized, covering large parts or the entire body. Exanthems are usually accompanied by other symptoms related to the underlying disease, such as fever, cough, or muscle aches.

Carbamazepine is an anticonvulsant medication that is primarily used to treat seizure disorders (epilepsy) and neuropathic pain. It works by decreasing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain, which helps to reduce the frequency and severity of seizures. Carbamazepine may also be used off-label for other conditions such as bipolar disorder and trigeminal neuralgia.

The medication is available in various forms, including tablets, extended-release tablets, chewable tablets, and suspension. It is usually taken two to four times a day with food to reduce stomach upset. Common side effects of carbamazepine include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and unsteady gait.

It is important to note that carbamazepine can interact with other medications, including some antidepressants, antipsychotics, and birth control pills, so it is essential to inform your healthcare provider of all the medications you are taking before starting carbamazepine. Additionally, carbamazepine levels in the blood may need to be monitored regularly to ensure that the medication is working effectively and not causing toxicity.

Exanthema subitum is a medical term that is used to describe a specific type of rash-like skin eruption. It's also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease, which is a common viral illness that typically affects young children between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.

The term "exanthema" refers to a widespread eruption of skin lesions, while "subitum" means sudden. Therefore, exanthema subitum can be defined as a sudden onset of a rash that is typically caused by the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) infection.

The rash associated with exanthema subitum usually appears after the child has had a few days of high fever, which can sometimes reach up to 105°F (40.5°C). The rash is typically made up of small, flat or raised pink or red spots that may be surrounded by a lighter halo. These spots can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the trunk, neck, and face.

While the rash itself is generally not harmful, it can be uncomfortable for the child, causing itching or irritation. In most cases, exanthema subitum resolves on its own within a few days to a week without any specific treatment. However, if your child has a high fever, is lethargic, or shows other signs of illness, you should contact your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

Human Herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a species of the Roseolovirus genus in the Herpesviridae family. It is a double-stranded DNA virus and is one of the human herpesviruses, which are a group of viruses that includes eight different types that can infect humans.

There are two variants of HHV-6, known as HHV-6A and HHV-6B. Both variants are closely related but have distinct biological properties and clinical manifestations. HHV-6B is the cause of exanthem subitum (also known as roseola infantum or sixth disease), a common childhood illness characterized by fever and rash, while HHV-6A has been associated with various diseases in immunocompromised individuals, such as encephalitis, pneumonitis, and bone marrow suppression.

HHV-6 is highly prevalent in the human population, with most people getting infected during early childhood. After the initial infection, the virus remains latent in the body for the rest of a person's life, and it can reactivate under certain conditions, such as immune suppression or stress. Reactivation of HHV-6 has been associated with various diseases, including encephalitis, seizures, and fatigue.

It is important to note that while HHV-6 infection is common, most people do not develop any symptoms or long-term complications. However, in some cases, the virus can cause significant illness, especially in immunocompromised individuals.

A Leukemoid Reaction is not a specific disease but rather a medical finding that can be associated with various underlying conditions. It refers to a significant increase in the number of white blood cells (leukocytes) in the peripheral blood, similar to what is seen in certain types of leukemia. However, in a Leukemoid Reaction, the elevated white blood cell count is not caused by the direct proliferation of malignant cells, as it is in leukemia. Instead, it results from an exaggerated response of the bone marrow to various stimuli such as severe bacterial or viral infections, severe physical trauma, severe burns, or certain types of cancer.

The white blood cell count in a Leukemoid Reaction can exceed 50,000 cells per microliter of blood, which is much higher than the normal range of 4,500-11,000 cells per microliter. The majority of the leukocytes are mature neutrophils, and the differential count shows a left shift, with an increased number of immature forms such as bands, metamyelocytes, and myelocytes.

It is important to distinguish a Leukemoid Reaction from leukemia, as the treatment and prognosis are different. A careful evaluation of the patient's medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and imaging studies can help make the correct diagnosis.

Gout suppressants are a type of medication used to treat acute gout attacks and reduce the risk of future episodes. They work by decreasing the production of uric acid in the body or improving its elimination, thereby reducing the formation of uric acid crystals that cause inflammation and pain in the joints. Common examples of gout suppressants include:

1. Colchicine: This medication is often used to treat acute gout attacks by reducing inflammation and swelling in the affected joint. It should be taken as soon as possible after the onset of symptoms for best results.

2. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib, can help alleviate pain and inflammation during an acute gout attack. They are usually more effective when taken at the first sign of an attack.

3. Corticosteroids: In some cases, corticosteroid medications like prednisone may be prescribed to treat severe gout attacks that do not respond to other treatments. These drugs can be administered orally or injected directly into the affected joint.

4. Allopurinol and febuxostat: These medications are called xanthine oxidase inhibitors, which reduce uric acid production in the body. They are typically used for chronic gout management to prevent future attacks and lower the risk of complications such as kidney stones and joint damage.

It is important to note that some gout suppressants may have side effects or interact with other medications, so it is crucial to discuss any concerns with a healthcare provider before starting treatment. Additionally, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy weight, following a low-purine diet, and staying hydrated can help manage gout symptoms and lower the risk of future attacks.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) are a class of medications that reduce pain, inflammation, and fever. They work by inhibiting the activity of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins, chemicals that contribute to inflammation and cause blood vessels to dilate and become more permeable, leading to symptoms such as pain, redness, warmth, and swelling.

NSAIDs are commonly used to treat a variety of conditions, including arthritis, muscle strains and sprains, menstrual cramps, headaches, and fever. Some examples of NSAIDs include aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib.

While NSAIDs are generally safe and effective when used as directed, they can have side effects, particularly when taken in large doses or for long periods of time. Common side effects include stomach ulcers, gastrointestinal bleeding, and increased risk of heart attack and stroke. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and consult with a healthcare provider if you have any concerns about using NSAIDs.

Leprosstatic agents are substances or drugs that have a specific effect on the bacterium that causes leprosy, also known as Mycobacterium leprae. These agents are used in the treatment and prevention of leprosy, a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract.

The most common leprostatic agents are antibiotics, which target the bacterial cells and inhibit their growth or kill them. The two main antibiotics used to treat leprosy are dapsone and rifampicin, which are often given in combination with other drugs such as clofazimine to prevent the development of drug-resistant strains of the bacteria.

Leprosstatic agents are usually administered orally or by injection, and the duration of treatment can vary depending on the severity of the disease and the patient's response to therapy. It is important to note that early detection and treatment of leprosy can help prevent the progression of the disease and reduce the risk of transmission to others.

Drug-related side effects and adverse reactions refer to any unintended or harmful outcome that occurs during the use of a medication. These reactions can be mild or severe and may include predictable, known responses (side effects) as well as unexpected, idiosyncratic reactions (adverse effects). Side effects are typically related to the pharmacologic properties of the drug and occur at therapeutic doses, while adverse reactions may result from allergic or hypersensitivity reactions, overdoses, or interactions with other medications or substances.

Side effects are often dose-dependent and can be managed by adjusting the dose, frequency, or route of administration. Adverse reactions, on the other hand, may require discontinuation of the medication or treatment with antidotes or supportive care. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor patients closely for any signs of drug-related side effects and adverse reactions and to take appropriate action when necessary.

Delayed hypersensitivity, also known as type IV hypersensitivity, is a type of immune response that takes place several hours to days after exposure to an antigen. It is characterized by the activation of T cells (a type of white blood cell) and the release of various chemical mediators, leading to inflammation and tissue damage. This reaction is typically associated with chronic inflammatory diseases, such as contact dermatitis, granulomatous disorders (e.g. tuberculosis), and certain autoimmune diseases.

The reaction process involves the following steps:

1. Sensitization: The first time an individual is exposed to an antigen, T cells are activated and become sensitized to it. This process can take several days.
2. Memory: Some of the activated T cells differentiate into memory T cells, which remain in the body and are ready to respond quickly if the same antigen is encountered again.
3. Effector phase: Upon subsequent exposure to the antigen, the memory T cells become activated and release cytokines, which recruit other immune cells (e.g. macrophages) to the site of inflammation. These cells cause tissue damage through various mechanisms, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and the release of reactive oxygen species.
4. Chronic inflammation: The ongoing immune response can lead to chronic inflammation, which may result in tissue destruction and fibrosis (scarring).

Examples of conditions associated with delayed hypersensitivity include:

* Contact dermatitis (e.g. poison ivy, nickel allergy)
* Tuberculosis
* Leprosy
* Sarcoidosis
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Type 1 diabetes mellitus
* Multiple sclerosis
* Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g. Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis)

Anticonvulsants are a class of drugs used primarily to treat seizure disorders, also known as epilepsy. These medications work by reducing the abnormal electrical activity in the brain that leads to seizures. In addition to their use in treating epilepsy, anticonvulsants are sometimes also prescribed for other conditions, such as neuropathic pain, bipolar disorder, and migraine headaches.

Anticonvulsants can work in different ways to reduce seizure activity. Some medications, such as phenytoin and carbamazepine, work by blocking sodium channels in the brain, which helps to stabilize nerve cell membranes and prevent excessive electrical activity. Other medications, such as valproic acid and gabapentin, increase the levels of a neurotransmitter called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain, which has a calming effect on nerve cells and helps to reduce seizure activity.

While anticonvulsants are generally effective at reducing seizure frequency and severity, they can also have side effects, such as dizziness, drowsiness, and gastrointestinal symptoms. In some cases, these side effects may be managed by adjusting the dosage or switching to a different medication. It is important for individuals taking anticonvulsants to work closely with their healthcare provider to monitor their response to the medication and make any necessary adjustments.

Allopurinol is a medication used to treat chronic gout and certain types of kidney stones. It works by reducing the production of uric acid in the body, which is the substance that can cause these conditions when it builds up in high levels. Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, meaning it blocks an enzyme called xanthine oxidase from converting purines into uric acid. By doing this, allopurinol helps to lower the levels of uric acid in the body and prevent the formation of new kidney stones or gout attacks.

It is important to note that allopurinol can have side effects, including rash, stomach upset, and liver or kidney problems. It may also interact with other medications, so it is essential to inform your healthcare provider of any other drugs you are taking before starting allopurinol. Your healthcare provider will determine the appropriate dosage and monitoring schedule based on your individual needs and medical history.

Eosinophilia is a medical condition characterized by an abnormally high concentration of eosinophils in the circulating blood. Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell that play an important role in the immune system, particularly in fighting off parasitic infections and regulating allergic reactions. However, when their numbers become excessively high, they can contribute to tissue damage and inflammation.

Eosinophilia is typically defined as a count of more than 500 eosinophils per microliter of blood. Mild eosinophilia (up to 1,500 cells/μL) may not cause any symptoms and may be discovered during routine blood tests. However, higher levels of eosinophilia can lead to various symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, skin rashes, and organ damage, depending on the underlying cause.

The causes of eosinophilia are varied and can include allergic reactions, parasitic infections, autoimmune disorders, certain medications, and some types of cancer. Accurate diagnosis and treatment of eosinophilia require identification and management of the underlying cause.

Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated or inappropriate immune response to a substance that is generally harmless to most people. It's also known as an allergic reaction. This abnormal response can be caused by various types of immunological mechanisms, including antibody-mediated reactions (types I, II, and III) and cell-mediated reactions (type IV). The severity of the hypersensitivity reaction can range from mild discomfort to life-threatening conditions. Common examples of hypersensitivity reactions include allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and anaphylaxis.

Viral activation, also known as viral reactivation or virus reactivation, refers to the process in which a latent or dormant virus becomes active and starts to replicate within a host cell. This can occur when the immune system is weakened or compromised, allowing the virus to evade the body's natural defenses and cause disease.

In some cases, viral activation can be triggered by certain environmental factors, such as stress, exposure to UV light, or infection with another virus. Once activated, the virus can cause symptoms similar to those seen during the initial infection, or it may lead to new symptoms depending on the specific virus and the host's immune response.

Examples of viruses that can remain dormant in the body and be reactivated include herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). It is important to note that not all viruses can be reactivated, and some may remain dormant in the body indefinitely without causing any harm.

Phenytoin is an anticonvulsant drug, primarily used in the treatment of seizures and prevention of seizure recurrence. It works by reducing the spread of seizure activity in the brain and stabilizing the electrical activity of neurons. Phenytoin is also known to have anti-arrhythmic properties and is occasionally used in the management of certain cardiac arrhythmias.

The drug is available in various forms, including immediate-release tablets, extended-release capsules, and a liquid formulation. Common side effects of phenytoin include dizziness, drowsiness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and unsteady gait. Regular monitoring of blood levels is necessary to ensure that the drug remains within the therapeutic range, as both low and high levels can lead to adverse effects.

It's important to note that phenytoin has several potential drug-drug interactions, particularly with other anticonvulsant medications, certain antibiotics, and oral contraceptives. Therefore, it is crucial to inform healthcare providers about all the medications being taken to minimize the risk of interactions and optimize treatment outcomes.

Schlienger RG, Shear NH (1998). "Antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome". Epilepsia. 39 (Suppl 7): S3-S7. doi:10.1111/j. ... Primidone is one of the anticonvulsants associated with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, with the others being ... Girdwood RH (1976). "Drug-induced anaemias". Drugs. 11 (5): 394-404. doi:10.2165/00003495-197611050-00003. PMID 782836. S2CID ... Loiseau PJ (June 1999). "Clinical experience with new antiepileptic drugs: antiepileptic drugs in Europe". Epilepsia. 40 (Suppl ...
... drug hypersensitivity reactions (including Stevens Johnson syndrome); systemic onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis; Rocky ... Kawasaki disease (also known as mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome) is a syndrome of unknown cause that results in a fever and ... "Anterior uveitis as the initial sign of adult Kawasaki syndrome (mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome)". American Journal of ... "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) Associated with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". emergency.cdc.gov. ...
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (i.e. DRESS syndrome, also termed Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome ... The DRESS syndrome is a Type IV, Subtype IVb, hypersensitivity drug reaction, i.e. a reaction dependent on CD4(+) cells and the ... Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are off-target drug reactions, i.e. reactions in which a drug causes toxicity by impacting a ... These variations influence the levels and duration of a drug or drug metabolite in tissues and thereby impact the drug's or ...
There are indications that HHV-7 can contribute to the development of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS), ... "Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome due to carbamazepine associated with reactivation of human herpesvirus 7". Dermatology. ... Chiu, H-H; Lee, C-Y; Lee, P-I; Lin, K-H; Huang, L-M (1998). "Mononucleosis syndrome and coincidental human herpesvirus-7 and ... Some research suggests that acyclovir and anti-CMV drugs such as cidofovir and foscarnet may have some therapeutic benefit in ...
It is a mixture of the α- and β-anomers.[citation needed] Tribenoside has been shown to induce drug hypersensitivity syndrome ... "Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome associated with cytomegalovirus reactivation: immunological characterization of ... Tribenoside (Glyvenol) is a vasoprotective drug used to treat hemorrhoids. It has mild anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and wound ... Drugs with no legal status, Drugboxes which contain changes to verified fields, Drugboxes which contain changes to watched ...
N Engl J Med 2006; 354: 2076-8 "Drug-eluting stent thrombosis: the Kounis hypersensitivity-associated acute coronary syndrome ... Drugs and natural molecules which stabilize mast cell membrane, monoclonal antibodies that protect mast cell surface and drugs ... His description of Kounis syndrome, denoting for the first time a hypersensitivity blow up inside the coronary, cerebral and ... "Kounis syndrome (allergic angina and allergic myocardial infarction): A natural paradigm?" Kounis NG. International Journal of ...
Adverse drug reaction Contraindication DRESS syndrome (drug hypersensitivity syndrome) Drug tolerance Food intolerance Jennedy ... Some instances of drug intolerance are known to result from genetic variations in drug metabolism. Drugs in systemic ... Different drugs have different therapeutic windows, and different people will have different MECs and MTCs for a given drug. If ... Drug intolerance or drug sensitivity refers to an inability to tolerate the adverse effects of a medication, generally at ...
2015). "Sequelae in 145 patients with drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome/drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic ... and the tolerance/intolerance of new drugs in multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome". Allergy. 75 (5): 1178-1187. doi:10.1111 ... of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR), as some of the individually distinct protein sequences may bind the drug better than ... associated drug hypersensitivity: consequences of drug binding to HLA". Allergy. 67 (11): 1338-1346. doi:10.1111/all.12008. ...
Bocquet H, Bagot M, Roujeau JC (December 1996). "Drug-induced pseudolymphoma and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (Drug Rash with ... Hypersensitivity reactions occur in some patients. This reaction may be more frequent in patients receiving multiple-drug ... These toxic reactions may also occur as part of the dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome (a form of SCARs-see above) or dapsone ... Rao PN, Lakshmi TS (2001). "Increase in the incidence of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome-an appraisal". Lepr Rev. 72 (1): 57- ...
... including drug-hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). The association ... HLA-B*5801 is involved in allopurinol sensitive drug induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Allopurinol is a frequent cause of ... "A European study of HLA-B in Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis related to five high-risk drugs". ... "Human leukocyte antigens and drug hypersensitivity". Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 7 (4): 317-23. doi:10.1097/ACI. ...
... drug toxicity, chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis, asbestosis and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. UIP may be diagnosed by a ... The most common considerations include: chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis non-specific interstitial pneumonia sarcoidosis ... indicating connective tissue disease/drugs) The histologic hallmarks of UIP, as seen in lung tissue under a microscope by a ...
SJS is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction in which a drug or its metabolite stimulates cytotoxic T cells (i.e. CD8+ T cells) ... Determining what drug is the cause is based on the time interval between first use of the drug and the beginning of the skin ... SJS/TEN reactions are believed to follow a type IV hypersensitivity mechanism. It is also included with drug reaction with ... The drug or metabolite covalently binds with a host protein to form a non-self, drug-related epitope. An antigen presenting ...
This kind of adverse drug reaction is caused by the accumulation of toxic metabolites; it is not the result of an IgE-mediated ... Anticonvulsant/sulfonamide hypersensitivity syndrome is a potentially serious hypersensitivity reaction that can be seen with ... As this syndrome can present secondary to multiple anticonvulsants, the general term "anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome ... The hypersensitivity syndrome is characterized by a rash that is initially rash that appears similar to measles (morbilliform ...
... anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, drug-induced delayed multiorgan hypersensitivity syndrome, drug-induced ... the anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome, and dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome. In ... anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome, dapsone syndrome, and dapsone hypersensitivity ... Bocquet H, Bagot M, Roujeau JC (December 1996). "Drug-induced pseudolymphoma and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (Drug Rash with ...
Systemic lupus erythematosus Felty's syndrome Still's disease Drug hypersensitivity as Hydantoin, Hydralazine, Allopurinol Misc ...
Autoimmune: lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren syndrome, scleroderma, Dressler's syndrome, sarcoidosis Drug hypersensitivity ... postpericardiotomy syndrome), post-myocardial infarction (Dressler's syndrome), coronary interventions such as drug eluting ... nephrotic syndrome How much fluid is stored in the pericardial sac at one particular time is based on the balance between ... side effects: Chemotherapy drugs (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide), Minoxidil Others: kidney failure, uremia Neoplastic: ...
Drug Rash (or Reaction) with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms, also known as Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome All pages with ... an award-winning short film DRESS syndrome, ...
... immune reconstitution syndrome, hypersensitivity syndromes associated with other drugs, or infection. The U.S. Food and Drug ... Infobox drug with local INN variant, Drugs with non-standard legal status, ECHA InfoCard ID from Wikidata, Drug has EMA link, ... Phillips E, Mallal S (August 2007). "Drug hypersensitivity in HIV". Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 7 (4): ... Common symptoms of abacavir hypersensitivity syndrome include fever, malaise, nausea, and diarrhea. Some patients may also ...
Hypersensitivity reactions like skin rashes, urticaria and Stevens-Johnson syndrome have been reported.[medical citation needed ... "Suprax: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 23 April 2020. "Suprax: FDA-Approved Drugs". U. ... "Suprax: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 23 April 2020. "Suprax: FDA-Approved Drugs". U. ... "Cefixime-Drugs.com". www.drugs.com. Archived from the original on 30 May 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2016. "Suprax 200 mg ...
v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Drug eruptions, Syndromes, All stub articles, ... Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome typically occurs in persons with preexisting kidney failure.: 119 Weeks to months after ... the DRESS syndrome, Stevens Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal necrolysis. Severe cutaneous adverse reactions (i.e. SCARs) ...
Alveolar hemorrhage syndromes Pulmonary edema Hypersensitivity pneumonitis Acute inhalational exposures Drug-induced lung ... the Food and Drug Administration approved a new drug for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This drug, Ofev ... This drug has been shown to slow the decline of lung function, although the drug has not been shown to reduce mortality or ... If a drug cause is suspected, that drug should be discontinued.[citation needed] Many cases due to unknown or connective tissue ...
... there are several life-threatening manifestations of hypersensitivity to sulfa drugs, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic ... and include the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis (also known as Lyell syndrome), the DRESS syndrome, and a ... The most common manifestations of a hypersensitivity reaction to sulfa drugs are rash and hives. However, ... "Sulfa Drugs Allergy -- Sulfa Bactrim Drug Allergies". allergies.about.com. Retrieved 17 January 2014. M. Madigan, J. Martinko, ...
Drug eruptions, Syndromes, All stub articles, Cutaneous condition stubs). ... Sulfonamide hypersensitivity syndrome is similar to anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, but the onset is often sooner in ... Cribb AE, Pohl LR, Spielberg SP, Leeder JS (August 1997). "Patients with delayed-onset sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions ...
The drugs have serious side-effects including hypersensitivity skin reactions with necrosis of the skin, toxic epidermal ... necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome. In 2004 the respondent Karen Bartlett was given Clinoril for shoulder pain. The ... The Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDCA) requires that all drug manufacturers gain approval from the Food and Drug ... When a new brand name drug is created, the drug must be submitted under a New-Drug Application (NDA). In the NDA is a ...
... the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (also termed Lyell's syndrome). SNIDR result from the drug- ... Hypersensitivity drug reactions differ from drug toxicity reactions in that drug toxicity reactions result from the ... NSAIDs do evoke a broad range of hypersensitivity syndromes. These syndromes have recently been classified by the European ... Hypersensitivity reactions are idiosyncratic reactions to a drug. Although the term NSAID was introduced to signal a ...
... drug hypersensitivity reactions (in particular with certain classes of antiretroviral drugs, such as abacavir and nevirapine, ... Patients with measles will have the rash but there are other syndromes and infections that will display the same symptom such ... and also the antiepileptic drug phenytoin), or other conditions may also have a morbilliform rash. It has also been mentioned ... as patients with Kawasaki disease, meningococcal petechiae or Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome, Dengue, Roseola, congenital ...
Drug dependence is an adaptive state associated with a withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of repeated exposure to a stimulus (e ... Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome Doctor shopping Hyperkatifeia, hypersensitivity to emotional distress in the context of ... ORT facilitates this process by reducing symptoms of drug withdrawal and drug cravings; a strong euphoric effect is not ... Abuse, National Institute on Drug (20 January 2022). "Overdose Death Rates". National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved 10 ...
Hypotension, transient liver enzyme elevation, immune hypersensitivity syndromes and extrapyramidal side effects have also been ... There have been no significant drug interactions reported with this drug's use. It is broken down by the hepatic cytochrome ... Tropisetron is a well-tolerated drug with few side effects. Headache, constipation, and dizziness are the most commonly ... As a biological stain and as trypanocide[citation needed] 5-HT3 receptor antagonist: Drug discovery and development Zatosetron ...
... "yeast hypersensitivity syndrome"; the use of colloidal silver as a cure for various diseases; and the use of non-standard drugs ... In the lawsuit, Hotze claims that he opposes paying for a health insurance plan that covers drugs like Truvada or Descovy " ... "HIV-prevention drug coverage violated religious rights of employer opposed to 'homosexual behavior,' judge rules". "Religious ... "because these drugs facilitate or encourage homosexual behavior, which is contrary to Dr. Hotze's sincere religious beliefs." ...
v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Drugs not assigned an ATC code, Articles with ... despite a 2007 study finding no statistically significant improvement in rectal hypersensitivity over placebo). Its use as a ... primarily treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, ... Drugs with no legal status, Drugboxes which contain changes to ... Tachykinin receptor 3 § Agonists "UPDATE 1-GlaxoSmithKline prunes new drug pipeline". Reuters. Oct 15, 2007. Evangelista S ( ...
Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome- A Fatal Adverse Drug Reaction. Sunil Kumar Gothwal, Surendra Khosya and Nilesh Gharpure ... Here we are reporting a rare case so called dapsone syndrome or DHS (Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome), which include skin ... It is also employed in many immune and hypersensitivity disorders like dermatitis herpetiformis, vasculitis, polyartritis ...
Antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Epilepsia. 1998. 39(suppl 7):S3-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... In utero antiepileptic drug exposure: fetal death and malformations. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8. 67(3):407-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... All current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), with the exception of ethosuximide, can be used in the treatment of complex partial ... Antiepileptic drug use of women with epilepsy and congenital malformations in offspring. Neurology. 2005. 64(11):1874-8. [QxMD ...
Drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Stevens-Johnson syndrome. Toxic epidermal necrolysis due to drug ... Hypersensitivity. Cautions. Risk of skin reactions (eg SJS, toxic necrolysis, and drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic ... Discontinue if multiorgan hypersensitivity reaction is suspected. Drug interaction overview. *. CYP3A4/5 substrates. *Modafinil ... Most commonly, these are "non-preferred" brand drugs.. 4. This drug is available at a higher level co-pay. Most commonly, these ...
Schlienger RG, Shear NH (1998). "Antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome". Epilepsia. 39 (Suppl 7): S3-S7. doi:10.1111/j. ... Primidone is one of the anticonvulsants associated with anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome, with the others being ... Girdwood RH (1976). "Drug-induced anaemias". Drugs. 11 (5): 394-404. doi:10.2165/00003495-197611050-00003. PMID 782836. S2CID ... Loiseau PJ (June 1999). "Clinical experience with new antiepileptic drugs: antiepileptic drugs in Europe". Epilepsia. 40 (Suppl ...
Antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome. Epilepsia. 1998. 39(suppl 7):S3-7. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... Anticonvulsant drug-level monitoring may be needed. [32] Consider drug-level monitoring when noncompliance is suspected, in ... In utero antiepileptic drug exposure: fetal death and malformations. Neurology. 2006 Aug 8. 67(3):407-12. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ... All current antiepileptic drugs (AEDs), with the exception of ethosuximide, can be used in the treatment of complex partial ...
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome after initiation of darunavir and raltegravir Images In Infectious Diseases. Eyer-Silva ... Three drugs and four regimens were included: 1) N-methyl glucamine antimoniate intramuscularly at 20mg per kg per day for 30 ... Abstract INTRODUCTION: The drugs available for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) treatment in Brazil have specific characteristics in ... It is the only drug that prevents relapses of Plasmodium vivax or Plasmodium ovale infections. In this study, a fast, sensitive ...
Hypersensitivity to drugs. Hypersensitivity to drugs syndrome. Medical genetics. Pharmacogenetics, Metabolism. Stevens-Johnson ... Nevertheless non-immediate (late) hypersensitivity reactions (HR) to these drugs are rare, unpredictable and usually related ... 12 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and 11 maculopapular exanthema. Of all 46 drug patch tests, 29 (63%) were positive, in both ... The patch test with the culprit drug was performed in patients who experienced HR according to the ENDA recommendations. ...
Hypersensitivity to drugs. Hypersensitivity to drugs syndrome. Medical genetics. Pharmacogenetics, Metabolism. Stevens-Johnson ... Nevertheless non-immediate (late) hypersensitivity reactions (HR) to these drugs are rare, unpredictable and usually related ... 12 Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and 11 maculopapular exanthema. Of all 46 drug patch tests, 29 (63%) were positive, in both ... The patch test with the culprit drug was performed in patients who experienced HR according to the ENDA recommendations. ...
Presumed Dapsone-induced Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome Causing Reversible Hypersensitivity Myocarditis and Thyrotoxicosis. ... Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome is an idiosyncratic drug reaction characterised by an acute and severe multiorgan disease ... Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome Masquerading as a Viral Exanthem: Three Cases and a Mini-Review. AKH Tee, HML Oh, IYJ Wee, BP ... Allopurinol Hypersensitivity Syndrome and Acute Myocardial Infarction-Two Case Reports. Y C Chan, Y K Tay, S K Ng ...
Minocycline-induced drug hypersensitivity syndrome followed by multiple autoimmune sequelae.﻽. Brown RJ, Rother KI, Artman H, ... Minocycline-induced drug hypersensitivity syndrome followed by multiple autoimmune sequelae. Brown, RJ.; Rother, KI.; Mercurio ... Macrophage activation syndrome: serological markers and treatment with anti-thymocyte globulin.﻽. Coca A, Bundy KW, Marston B, ... Use of volumetric computerized tomography as a primary outcome measure to evaluate drug efficacy in the prevention of peri- ...
immune reconstitution syndrome, drug hypersensitivity, hypersensitivity. Metabolism and nutrition disorders. Common. decreased ... Strong inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes Strong inducers of drug metabolizing enzymes (e.g., rifampicin) have not been ... These include cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Hypersensitivity reactions have also been ... There were no drug related clinical adverse experiences and three drug-related laboratory adverse experiences (one a transient ...
... such as eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal ... Answer questions about the patient (such as drug allergies) to see recommended agent and dosage.. Begin ... Answer questions about the patient (such as drug allergies) to see recommended agent and dosage.. Begin ...
Drug-induced pseudolymphoma and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms: DRESS). ... The drug hypersensitivity syndrome: what is the pathogenesis? Arch Dermatol. 2001;137(3):357-364. PubMed ... Shiohara T, Inaoka M, Kano Y. Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS): a reaction induced by a complex interplay among ... Ziprasidone-induced hypersensitivity syndrome confirmed by reintroduction. Int J Dermatol. 2014;53(4):e267-e268. PubMed doi: ...
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare, severe reaction to a medication. Learn about causes and risk factors, ... A psychotropic drug is a drug that affects behavior, mood, thoughts, or perception. There are dozens, both prescription and ... The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has announced. recalls of several hand sanitizers due to the potential presence of ... Drug tolerance develops when a medication no longer works as well as it once did. Its different from dependence or addiction. ...
Maculopapular drug eruption, Exanthematous drug eruption, Maculopapular drug exanthem. Authoritative facts from DermNet New ... Drug hypersensitivity syndrome. *Stevens Johnson syndrome - toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS/TEN). *Acute generalised ... What is morbilliform drug reaction?. Morbilliform drug eruption is the most common form of drug eruption. Many drugs can ... Who gets morbilliform drug eruption?. About 2% of prescriptions of new drugs cause a drug eruption. About 95% of these are ...
Drug tolerance develops when a medication no longer works as well as it once did. Its different from dependence or addiction. ... Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS) is a rare, severe reaction to a medication. Learn about causes and risk factors, ... drugs.. *Need for higher doses. More of the drug is needed to achieve symptom relief, which may increase negative side effects ... Multi-drug tolerance. can develop after initial success in the treatment of different cancers. A "drug holiday" can sometimes ...
Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome dry eye syndrome + Duane retraction syndrome + Duane-radial ray syndrome ... urofacial syndrome + A syndrome that is characterized by inverted facial expressions in association with a severe and early- ... Cerebellar Vermis Aplasia with Associated Features suggesting Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome and Meckel Syndrome ... urofacial syndrome (DOID:0050816). Annotations: Rat: (2) Mouse: (2) Human: (2) Chinchilla: (2) Bonobo: (2) Dog: (2) Squirrel: ( ...
Presumed Dapsone-induced Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome Causing Reversible Hypersensitivity Myocarditis and Thyrotoxicosis. ... Allopurinol hypersensitivity syndrome is an idiosyncratic drug reaction characterised by an acute and severe multiorgan disease ... hypersensitivity syndromes and invasive lung disease. There has been a tendency to classify these syndromes as... ... Dapsone Hypersensitivity Syndrome Masquerading as a Viral Exanthem: Three Cases and a Mini-Review. AKH Tee, HML Oh, IYJ Wee, BP ...
Haber P, Sejvar J, Mikaeloff Y, DeStefano F. Vaccines and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Drug Saf.2009; 32(4):309-23. ... some individuals may have a hypersensitivity to drug or vaccine exposure. Among serious adverse event reports, there were 10 ... Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) is a rare but serious complication of COVID-19 disease. Because of the ... Reports of Guillain-Barré Syndrome After COVID-19 Vaccination in the United States. JAMA Network. 2023 Feb 1;6(2):e2253845. doi ...
... such as eosinophilia and systemic symptoms/drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, or toxic epidermal ... Answer questions about the patient (such as drug allergies) to see recommended agent and dosage.. Begin ... Answer questions about the patient (such as drug allergies) to see recommended agent and dosage.. Begin ...
... for injection is contraindicated in patients with known hypersensitivity to any component of this product or to other drugs in ... DRESS syndrome), hypersensitivity vasculitis ... Category: HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL Drug Label Information ... This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in ... 5.1 Hypersensitivity Reactions. Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported in ...
Drug eruptions can mimic a wide range of dermatoses. The morphologies are myriad and include morbilliform (most common, see ... Hypersensitivity syndrome may have to be treated with liver transplantation if the offending drug is not stopped in time; ... Although most drug eruptions are type IV hypersensitivity reactions, only a minority are IgE-dependent. That is, antibodies can ... Patients with hypersensitivity syndrome are at risk of becoming hypothyroid, usually within the first 4-12 weeks after the ...
Association of human herpesvirus 6 reactivation with the flaring and severity of drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome2007. * ... Journal Article] Thioredoxin Suppresses the Contact Hypersensitivity Response by Inhibiting Leukocyte Recruitment during the ...
Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome with human herpesvirus-6 reactivation. Najeeba Riyaz, S Sarita, G Arunkumar, S Sabeena, ...
Widespread rash, high body temperature and enlarged lymph nodes (DRESS syndrome or drug hypersensitivity syndrome). ...
Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome Treatment Market. Cough Hypersensitivity Syndrome Treatment Market (Drug Class: Antitussive ...
... application site hypersensitivity, drug withdrawal syndrome, application site dermatitis Musculoskeletal and connective tissue ... 5.11 Serotonin Syndrome with Concomitant Use of Serotonergic Drugs. Cases of serotonin syndrome, a potentially life-threatening ... 5.11 Serotonin Syndrome with Concomitant Use of Serotonergic Drugs 5.12 Adrenal Insufficiency 5.13 Severe Hypotension 5.14 ... Serotonin Syndrome with Concomitant Use of Serotonergic Drugs: Potentially life-threatening condition could result from ...
HHV-6 reactivation tied to early hypogammaglobulinemia in drug hypersensitivity syndrome A Spanish study of drug-induced ... also known as drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS). HHV-6 reactivation occurs in over 60% of severe cases and is part ... Pediatric drug hypersensitivity cases with HHV-6 reactivation have a more severe disease and longer hospital stays A group at ... HHV-6 induced kidney damage in drug hypersensitivity A new case study suggests that HHV-6 might play a role in the multi-organ ...

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