Drug delivery systems. Medical search

Systems for the delivery of drugs to target sites of pharmacological actions. Technologies employed include those concerning drug preparation, route of administration, site targeting, metabolism, and toxicity.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.

The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)

SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS that induce a dispersion of undissolved material throughout a liquid.

Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.

The application of scientific knowledge or technology to pharmacy and the pharmaceutical industry. It includes methods, techniques, and instrumentation in the manufacture, preparation, compounding, dispensing, packaging, and storing of drugs and other preparations used in diagnostic and determinative procedures, and in the treatment of patients.

The branch of medicine concerned with the application of NANOTECHNOLOGY to the prevention and treatment of disease. It involves the monitoring, repair, construction, and control of human biological systems at the molecular level, using engineered nanodevices and NANOSTRUCTURES. (From Freitas Jr., Nanomedicine, vol 1, 1999).

Relating to the size of solids.

Nanometer-sized, hollow, spherically-shaped objects that can be utilized to encapsulate small amounts of pharmaceuticals, enzymes, or other catalysts (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechnology, 4th ed).

Usually inert substances added to a prescription in order to provide suitable consistency to the dosage form. These include binders, matrix, base or diluent in pills, tablets, creams, salves, etc.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Artificial, single or multilaminar vesicles (made from lecithins or other lipids) that are used for the delivery of a variety of biological molecules or molecular complexes to cells, for example, drug delivery and gene transfer. They are also used to study membranes and membrane proteins.

A biocompatible polymer used as a surgical suture material.

The development and use of techniques to study physical phenomena and construct structures in the nanoscale size range or smaller.

Solid dosage forms, of varying weight, size, and shape, which may be molded or compressed, and which contain a medicinal substance in pure or diluted form. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Completed forms of the pharmaceutical preparation in which prescribed doses of medication are included. They are designed to resist action by gastric fluids, prevent vomiting and nausea, reduce or alleviate the undesirable taste and smells associated with oral administration, achieve a high concentration of drug at target site, or produce a delayed or long-acting drug effect.

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

Materials which have structured components with at least one dimension in the range of 1 to 100 nanometers. These include NANOCOMPOSITES; NANOPARTICLES; NANOTUBES; and NANOWIRES.

Small uniformly-sized spherical particles, of micrometer dimensions, frequently labeled with radioisotopes or various reagents acting as tags or markers.

The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

Polymers of ETHYLENE OXIDE and water, and their ethers. They vary in consistency from liquid to solid depending on the molecular weight indicated by a number following the name. They are used as SURFACTANTS, dispersing agents, solvents, ointment and suppository bases, vehicles, and tablet excipients. Some specific groups are NONOXYNOLS, OCTOXYNOLS, and POLOXAMERS.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

Methylester of cellulose. Methylcellulose is used as an emulsifying and suspending agent in cosmetics, pharmaceutics and the chemical industry. It is used therapeutically as a bulk laxative.

Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A nonionic polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene block co-polymer with the general formula HO(C2H4O)a(-C3H6O)b(C2H4O)aH. It is available in different grades which vary from liquids to solids. It is used as an emulsifying agent, solubilizing agent, surfactant, and wetting agent for antibiotics. Poloxamer is also used in ointment and suppository bases and as a tablet binder or coater. (Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 31st ed)

Uptake of substances through the SKIN.

The adaptation of drug administration to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

Small containers or pellets of a solid drug implanted in the body to achieve sustained release of the drug.

Implanted fluid propulsion systems with self-contained power source for providing long-term controlled-rate delivery of drugs such as chemotherapeutic agents or analgesics. Delivery rate may be externally controlled or osmotically or peristatically controlled with the aid of transcutaneous monitoring.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

Tailored macromolecules harboring covalently-bound biologically active modules that target specific tissues and cells. The active modules or functional groups can include drugs, prodrugs, antibodies, and oligonucleotides, which can act synergistically and be multitargeting.

Unctuous combustible substances that are liquid or easily liquefiable on warming, and are soluble in ether but insoluble in water. Such substances, depending on their origin, are classified as animal, mineral, or vegetable oils. Depending on their behavior on heating, they are volatile or fixed. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Poly-2-methylpropenoic acids. Used in the manufacture of methacrylate resins and plastics in the form of pellets and granules, as absorbent for biological materials and as filters; also as biological membranes and as hydrogens. Synonyms: methylacrylate polymer; poly(methylacrylate); acrylic acid methyl ester polymer.

Application of pharmaceutically active agents on the tissues of the EYE.

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

Hard or soft soluble containers used for the oral administration of medicine.

Particles consisting of aggregates of molecules held loosely together by secondary bonds. The surface of micelles are usually comprised of amphiphatic compounds that are oriented in a way that minimizes the energy of interaction between the micelle and its environment. Liquids that contain large numbers of suspended micelles are referred to as EMULSIONS.

Tree-like, highly branched, polymeric compounds. They grow three-dimensionally by the addition of shells of branched molecules to a central core. The overall globular shape and presence of cavities gives potential as drug carriers and CONTRAST AGENTS.

Spherical particles of nanometer dimensions.

Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.

A polyester used for absorbable sutures & surgical mesh, especially in ophthalmic surgery. 2-Hydroxy-propanoic acid polymer with polymerized hydroxyacetic acid, which forms 3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxane-dione polymer with 1,4-dioxane-2,5-dione copolymer of molecular weight about 80,000 daltons.

Substances that cause the adherence of two surfaces. They include glues (properly collagen-derived adhesives), mucilages, sticky pastes, gums, resins, or latex.

A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Characteristics or attributes of the outer boundaries of objects, including molecules.

Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.

The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.

Strongly cationic polymer that binds to certain proteins; used as a marker in immunology, to precipitate and purify enzymes and lipids. Synonyms: aziridine polymer; Epamine; Epomine; ethylenimine polymer; Montrek; PEI; Polymin(e).

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

The various ways of administering a drug or other chemical to a site in a patient or animal from where the chemical is absorbed into the blood and delivered to the target tissue.

Sorbitan mono-9-octadecanoate poly(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) derivatives; complex mixtures of polyoxyethylene ethers used as emulsifiers or dispersing agents in pharmaceuticals.

Condition of having pores or open spaces. This often refers to bones, bone implants, or bone cements, but can refer to the porous state of any solid substance.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Substances made up of an aggregation of small particles, as that obtained by grinding or trituration of a solid drug. In pharmacy it is a form in which substances are administered. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Colloids with a solid continuous phase and liquid as the dispersed phase; gels may be unstable when, due to temperature or other cause, the solid phase liquefies; the resulting colloid is called a sol.

Dynamic and kinetic mechanisms of exogenous chemical and DRUG LIBERATION; ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; elimination; and DRUG TOXICITY as a function of dosage, and rate of METABOLISM. LADMER, ADME and ADMET are abbreviations for liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicology.

Electron microscopy in which the ELECTRONS or their reaction products that pass down through the specimen are imaged below the plane of the specimen.

Microscopy in which the object is examined directly by an electron beam scanning the specimen point-by-point. The image is constructed by detecting the products of specimen interactions that are projected above the plane of the sample, such as backscattered electrons. Although SCANNING TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY also scans the specimen point by point with the electron beam, the image is constructed by detecting the electrons, or their interaction products that are transmitted through the sample plane, so that is a form of TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Manufacturing technology for making microscopic devices in the micrometer range (typically 1-100 micrometers), such as integrated circuits or MEMS. The process usually involves replication and parallel fabrication of hundreds or millions of identical structures using various thin film deposition techniques and carried out in environmentally-controlled clean rooms.

An IBUPROFEN-type anti-inflammatory analgesic and antipyretic. It is used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Antineoplastic antibiotic obtained from Streptomyces peucetius. It is a hydroxy derivative of DAUNORUBICIN.

Synthesized magnetic particles under 100 nanometers possessing many biomedical applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and CONTRAST AGENTS. The particles are usually coated with a variety of polymeric compounds.

Nanometer-sized tubes composed mainly of CARBON. Such nanotubes are used as probes for high-resolution structural and chemical imaging of biomolecules with ATOMIC FORCE MICROSCOPY.

A beta-adrenergic antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmias, and anxiety.

The application of high intensity ultrasound to liquids.

A spectroscopic technique in which a range of wavelengths is presented simultaneously with an interferometer and the spectrum is mathematically derived from the pattern thus obtained.

The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.

A network of cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules used in biomedical applications.

Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.

Polysaccharide gums from PLANTS.

Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential calorimeter, allowing an exact measure of the heat of transition independent of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other variables of the sample.

Implants constructed of materials designed to be absorbed by the body without producing an immune response. They are usually composed of plastics and are frequently used in orthopedics and orthodontics.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

Term used to designate tetrahydroxy aldehydic acids obtained by oxidation of hexose sugars, i.e. glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc. Historically, the name hexuronic acid was originally given to ascorbic acid.

A product formed from skin, white connective tissue, or bone COLLAGEN. It is used as a protein food adjuvant, plasma substitute, hemostatic, suspending agent in pharmaceutical preparations, and in the manufacturing of capsules and suppositories.

A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

A compound that, on administration, must undergo chemical conversion by metabolic processes before becoming the pharmacologically active drug for which it is a prodrug.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A carrier or inert medium used as a solvent (or diluent) in which the medicinally active agent is formulated and or administered. (Dictionary of Pharmacy, 1986)

Transparent, tasteless crystals found in nature as agate, amethyst, chalcedony, cristobalite, flint, sand, QUARTZ, and tridymite. The compound is insoluble in water or acids except hydrofluoric acid.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The tendency of a gas or solute to pass from a point of higher pressure or concentration to a point of lower pressure or concentration and to distribute itself throughout the available space. Diffusion, especially FACILITATED DIFFUSION, is a major mechanism of BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT.

Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimension of these fibers can generate a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them potential candidates for various biomedical and other applications.

Nanometer-scale composite structures composed of organic molecules intimately incorporated with inorganic molecules. (Glossary of Biotechnology and Nanobiotechology Terms, 4th ed)

A polyvinyl polymer of variable molecular weight; used as suspending and dispersing agent and vehicle for pharmaceuticals; also used as blood volume expander.

A property of the surface of an object that makes it stick to another surface.

Tablets coated with material that delays release of the medication until after they leave the stomach. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.

Technique whereby the weight of a sample can be followed over a period of time while its temperature is being changed (usually increased at a constant rate).

Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.

Method of using a polycrystalline powder and Rietveld refinement (LEAST SQUARES ANALYSIS) of X-RAY DIFFRACTION or NEUTRON DIFFRACTION. It circumvents the difficulties of producing single large crystals.

Property of membranes and other structures to permit passage of light, heat, gases, liquids, metabolites, and mineral ions.

Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.

Specialized non-fenestrated tightly-joined ENDOTHELIAL CELLS with TIGHT JUNCTIONS that form a transport barrier for certain substances between the cerebral capillaries and the BRAIN tissue.

Regular insulin preparations that contain the SUS SCROFA insulin peptide sequence.

A phthalic indicator dye that appears yellow-green in normal tear film and bright green in a more alkaline medium such as the aqueous humor.

A polyhedral CARBON structure composed of around 60-80 carbon atoms in pentagon and hexagon configuration. They are named after Buckminster Fuller because of structural resemblance to geodesic domes. Fullerenes can be made in high temperature such as arc discharge in an inert atmosphere.

The study of MAGNETIC PHENOMENA.

The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.

Polymerized forms of styrene used as a biocompatible material, especially in dentistry. They are thermoplastic and are used as insulators, for injection molding and casting, as sheets, plates, rods, rigid forms and beads.

Biocompatible materials usually used in dental and bone implants that enhance biologic fixation, thereby increasing the bond strength between the coated material and bone, and minimize possible biological effects that may result from the implant itself.

A subfield of acoustics dealing in the radio frequency range higher than acoustic SOUND waves (approximately above 20 kilohertz). Ultrasonic radiation is used therapeutically (DIATHERMY and ULTRASONIC THERAPY) to generate HEAT and to selectively destroy tissues. It is also used in diagnostics, for example, ULTRASONOGRAPHY; ECHOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; and ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY, to visually display echoes received from irradiated tissues.

The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.

A salt produced by the reaction of zinc oxide with acetic acid and used as an astringent, styptic, and emetic.

A homologous group of cyclic GLUCANS consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on starch or similar substrates. The enzyme is produced by certain species of Bacillus. Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of substances.

An ethylene compound with two hydroxy groups (-OH) located on adjacent carbons. They are viscous and colorless liquids. Some are used as anesthetics or hypnotics. However, the class is best known for their use as a coolant or antifreeze.

Acrylic acids or acrylates which are substituted in the C-2 position with a methyl group.

Methods of creating machines and devices.

Colloids with liquid continuous phase and solid dispersed phase; the term is used loosely also for solid-in-gas (AEROSOLS) and other colloidal systems; water-insoluble drugs may be given as suspensions.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Two-phase systems in which one is uniformly dispersed in another as particles small enough so they cannot be filtered or will not settle out. The dispersing or continuous phase or medium envelops the particles of the discontinuous phase. All three states of matter can form colloids among each other.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Preclinical testing of drugs in experimental animals or in vitro for their biological and toxic effects and potential clinical applications.

Small encapsulated gas bubbles (diameters of micrometers) that can be used as CONTRAST MEDIA, and in other diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Upon exposure to sufficiently intense ultrasound, microbubbles will cavitate, rupture, disappear, release gas content. Such characteristics of the microbubbles can be used to enhance diagnostic tests, dissolve blood clots, and deliver drugs or genes for therapy.

Colorless, odorless crystals that are used extensively in research laboratories for the preparation of polyacrylamide gels for electrophoresis and in organic synthesis, and polymerization. Some of its polymers are used in sewage and wastewater treatment, permanent press fabrics, and as soil conditioning agents.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

Introduction of substances into the body using a needle and syringe.

The contribution to barometric PRESSURE of gaseous substance in equilibrium with its solid or liquid phase.

A yellow metallic element with the atomic symbol Au, atomic number 79, and atomic weight 197. It is used in jewelry, goldplating of other metals, as currency, and in dental restoration. Many of its clinical applications, such as ANTIRHEUMATIC AGENTS, are in the form of its salts.

Chemical substances, produced by microorganisms, inhibiting or preventing the proliferation of neoplasms.

The physical or physiological processes by which substances, tissue, cells, etc. take up or take in other substances or energy.

Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

A yellow-orange dye obtained from tumeric, the powdered root of CURCUMA longa. It is used in the preparation of curcuma paper and the detection of boron. Curcumin appears to possess a spectrum of pharmacological properties, due primarily to its inhibitory effects on metabolic enzymes.

Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.

A cellulose derivative which is a beta-(1,4)-D-glucopyranose polymer. It is used as a bulk laxative and as an emulsifier and thickener in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals and as a stabilizer for reagents.

Devices used in a technique by which cells or tissues are grown in vitro or, by implantation, in vivo within chambers permeable to diffusion of solutes across the chamber walls. The chambers are used for studies of drug effects, osmotic responses, cytogenic and immunologic phenomena, metabolism, etc., and include tissue cages.

Devices that cause a liquid or solid to be converted into an aerosol (spray) or a vapor. It is used in drug administration by inhalation, humidification of ambient air, and in certain analytical instruments.

A health care system which combines physicians, hospitals, and other medical services with a health plan to provide the complete spectrum of medical care for its customers. In a fully integrated system, the three key elements - physicians, hospital, and health plan membership - are in balance in terms of matching medical resources with the needs of purchasers and patients. (Coddington et al., Integrated Health Care: Reorganizing the Physician, Hospital and Health Plan Relationship, 1994, p7)

Fluorescent probe capable of being conjugated to tissue and proteins. It is used as a label in fluorescent antibody staining procedures as well as protein- and amino acid-binding techniques.

The generic term for salts derived from silica or the silicic acids. They contain silicon, oxygen, and one or more metals, and may contain hydrogen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th Ed)

The study of the deformation and flow of matter, usually liquids or fluids, and of the plastic flow of solids. The concept covers consistency, dilatancy, liquefaction, resistance to flow, shearing, thixotrophy, and VISCOSITY.

A calcium salt that is used for a variety of purposes including: building materials, as a desiccant, in dentistry as an impression material, cast, or die, and in medicine for immobilizing casts and as a tablet excipient. It exists in various forms and states of hydration. Plaster of Paris is a mixture of powdered and heat-treated gypsum.

Derivatives of phosphatidic acids in which the phosphoric acid is bound in ester linkage to an ethanolamine moiety. Complete hydrolysis yields 1 mole of glycerol, phosphoric acid and ethanolamine and 2 moles of fatty acids.

A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Persistent pain that is refractory to some or all forms of treatment.

Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).

Artificially produced membranes, such as semipermeable membranes used in artificial kidney dialysis (RENAL DIALYSIS), monomolecular and bimolecular membranes used as models to simulate biological CELL MEMBRANES. These membranes are also used in the process of GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent with analgesic properties used in the therapy of rheumatism and arthritis.

A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.

Calcium salts of phosphoric acid. These compounds are frequently used as calcium supplements.

Chemical reaction in which monomeric components are combined to form POLYMERS (e.g., POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE).

A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.

Uptake of substances through the lining of the INTESTINES.

Polysaccharides composed of repeating galactose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.

Sharp instruments used for puncturing or suturing.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A light microscopic technique in which only a small spot is illuminated and observed at a time. An image is constructed through point-by-point scanning of the field in this manner. Light sources may be conventional or laser, and fluorescence or transmitted observations are possible.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

The transparent, semigelatinous substance that fills the cavity behind the CRYSTALLINE LENS of the EYE and in front of the RETINA. It is contained in a thin hyaloid membrane and forms about four fifths of the optic globe.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

Peptides that have the ability to enter cells by crossing the plasma membrane directly, or through uptake by the endocytotic pathway.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

A broad class of substances containing carbon and its derivatives. Many of these chemicals will frequently contain hydrogen with or without oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and other elements. They exist in either carbon chain or carbon ring form.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Transmission of energy or mass by a medium involving movement of the medium itself. The circulatory movement that occurs in a fluid at a nonuniform temperature owing to the variation of its density and the action of gravity. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed; Webster, 10th ed)

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

Use of ultrasound to increase the percutaneous adsorption of drugs.

A selective adrenergic beta-1 blocking agent that is commonly used to treat ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS.

Human colonic ADENOCARCINOMA cells that are able to express differentiation features characteristic of mature intestinal cells, such as ENTEROCYTES. These cells are valuable in vitro tools for studies related to intestinal cell function and differentiation.

Anti-inflammatory agents that are non-steroidal in nature. In addition to anti-inflammatory actions, they have analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions.They act by blocking the synthesis of prostaglandins by inhibiting cyclooxygenase, which converts arachidonic acid to cyclic endoperoxides, precursors of prostaglandins. Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis accounts for their analgesic, antipyretic, and platelet-inhibitory actions; other mechanisms may contribute to their anti-inflammatory effects.

A peptide which is a homopolymer of lysine.

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An EPITHELIUM with MUCUS-secreting cells, such as GOBLET CELLS. It forms the lining of many body cavities, such as the DIGESTIVE TRACT, the RESPIRATORY TRACT, and the reproductive tract. Mucosa, rich in blood and lymph vessels, comprises an inner epithelium, a middle layer (lamina propria) of loose CONNECTIVE TISSUE, and an outer layer (muscularis mucosae) of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that separates the mucosa from submucosa.

An organ of digestion situated in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen between the termination of the ESOPHAGUS and the beginning of the DUODENUM.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

An estrogen responsive cell line derived from a patient with metastatic human breast ADENOCARCINOMA (at the Michigan Cancer Foundation.)

Complex compounds in which a dumbbell shaped molecule is encircled by a macrocycle. They are named after rota (wheel) and axis (axle). Notation with a prefix is used to indicate the number of interlocked components. They have potential use in NANOTECHNOLOGY. Rotaxanes have been made with CYCLODEXTRINS and CYCLIC ETHERS.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

A family of spiro(isobenzofuran-1(3H),9'-(9H)xanthen)-3-one derivatives. These are used as dyes, as indicators for various metals, and as fluorescent labels in immunoassays.

Artificial substitutes for body parts, and materials inserted into tissue for functional, cosmetic, or therapeutic purposes. Prostheses can be functional, as in the case of artificial arms and legs, or cosmetic, as in the case of an artificial eye. Implants, all surgically inserted or grafted into the body, tend to be used therapeutically. IMPLANTS, EXPERIMENTAL is available for those used experimentally.

Transdermal photopolymerization for minimally invasive implantation. (1/6144)

Photopolymerizations are widely used in medicine to create polymer networks for use in applications such as bone restorations and coatings for artificial implants. These photopolymerizations occur by directly exposing materials to light in "open" environments such as the oral cavity or during invasive procedures such as surgery. We hypothesized that light, which penetrates tissue including skin, could cause a photopolymerization indirectly. Liquid materials then could be injected s.c. and solidified by exposing the exterior surface of the skin to light. To test this hypothesis, the penetration of UVA and visible light through skin was studied. Modeling predicted the feasibility of transdermal polymerization with only 2 min of light exposure required to photopolymerize an implant underneath human skin. To establish the validity of these modeling studies, transdermal photopolymerization first was applied to tissue engineering by using "injectable" cartilage as a model system. Polymer/chondrocyte constructs were injected s.c. and transdermally photopolymerized. Implants harvested at 2, 4, and 7 weeks demonstrated collagen and proteoglycan production and histology with tissue structure comparable to native neocartilage. To further examine this phenomenon and test the applicability of transdermal photopolymerization for drug release devices, albumin, a model protein, was released for 1 week from photopolymerized hydrogels. With further study, transdermal photpolymerization potentially could be used to create a variety of new, minimally invasive surgical procedures in applications ranging from plastic and orthopedic surgery to tissue engineering and drug delivery. (+info)

Enhancement of fluid filtration across tumor vessels: implication for delivery of macromolecules. (2/6144)

Cancer therapies using genes and other macromolecules might realize their full clinical potential if they could be delivered to tumor tissue in optimal quantities. Unfortunately, the compromised circulation within tumors poses a formidable resistance to adequate and uniform penetration of these agents. Previously, we have proposed elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) as a major physiological barrier to delivery of macromolecules. Here we postulate that modulation of tumor microvascular pressure (MVP) and associated changes in IFP would enhance macromolecular delivery into a solid tumor. To test our hypothesis, we altered tumor MVP by either periodic injection or continuous infusion of angiotensin II (AII) and measured the resulting changes in IFP and uptake of macromolecules. We used the nicotinyl hydrazine derivative of human polyclonal IgG (HYNIC-IgG) as a nonspecific macromolecule and CC49 antibody as a specific macromolecule. We found that both chronic and periodic modulation of tumor MVP enhances transvascular fluid filtration, leading to a 40% increase in total uptake of the specific antibody within 4 hr of its administration. Conversely, neither continuous nor periodic infusion of AII induced any increase in uptake of nonspecific antibodies. Strategies to improve delivery of macromolecules and limitations of this approach are identified. (+info)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a delivery system for photosensitizers: implications for photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis. (3/6144)

Photodynamic therapy is a promising new strategy in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Photodynamic therapy for vascular diseases may be improved by the specific delivery of photosensitizers to the atherosclerotic lesion. In this study, we studied whether oxidatively modified low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) could be used as a specific carrier for photosensitizers, thereby using the scavenger receptor expressed on macrophages as a target. The photosensitizer aluminum phthalocyanine chloride (AlPc) was incorporated into OxLDL, and its photodynamic effects were studied. Macrophages (RAW 264.7) were incubated with various concentrations of OxLDL-AlPc for different periods. After illumination of the cells with red light, cytotoxicity was observed that was dependent on the time of illumination and incubation. Macrophages incubated with OxLDL-AlPc that were not illuminated revealed no cytotoxicity. The uptake of the OxLDL-AlPc complexes was mediated by scavenger receptors expressed on macrophages. In the presence of the polyanion polyinosinic acid, a specific ligand for scavenger receptors, no cytotoxicity could be observed. Serum incubations of the OxLDL-AlPc complexes revealed that these complexes stay intact after incubation. No redistribution of AlPc to other plasma (lipo-) proteins could be detected, and 80-90% of the AlPc remained associated with the OxLDL particle. These results indicate that OxLDL may function as a specific delivery system for photosensitizers to the scavenger receptors expressed on the macrophages in the atherosclerotic lesion, increasing the beneficial effects of photodynamic therapy for cardiovascular diseases. (+info)

Early use of inhaled nedocromil sodium in children following an acute episode of asthma. (4/6144)

BACKGROUND: Current guidelines on the treatment of childhood asthma recommend the introduction of an anti-inflammatory drug in children who have persistent symptoms and require regular treatment with a bronchodilator. The efficacy and safety of inhaled nedocromil sodium (Tilade Mint aerosol) administered using a Fisonair spacer at a dose of 4 mg three times daily was compared with placebo in the treatment of asthmatic children aged 6-12 years who are symptomatic and recovering from an acute exacerbation of asthma. METHODS: A group comparative, double blind, placebo controlled trial was performed in children who were recovering from an acute episode of asthma following treatment in the emergency department of the hospital or in children referred from their general practitioner following a wheezing episode and documented evidence of at least two previous episodes of wheezing. A two week baseline period on existing bronchodilator treatment was followed by a 12 week treatment period on either nedocromil sodium (2 mg/puff) or placebo. Both treatments were administered using a Fisonair spacer at a dose of two puffs three times daily. Changes from baseline values in daytime asthma and night time asthma symptom scores, usage of rescue bronchodilators, mean peak expiratory flow (PEF) recorded twice daily on diary cards, patients' opinion of treatment, and withdrawals due to treatment failure were measured during the primary treatment period (last six weeks of treatment). RESULTS: One hundred and forty two children aged 6-12 years entered the baseline period. Sixty three were withdrawn due to failure to meet the entry criteria (18) or the criteria for asthma symptom severity (15) or reversibility (9), because they developed uncontrolled asthma (2), because they took disallowed treatment (2), or for other non-trial related reasons (17). Seventy nine patients (46 boys) of mean age 8. 8 years entered the treatment period. There were significant differences in the changes from baseline values during the last six weeks of treatment in favour of nedocromil sodium compared with placebo in the primary variables of daytime asthma and night time asthma, morning and evening PEF, and the usage of rescue inhaled bronchodilators; 53% of patients reported nedocromil sodium to be very or moderately effective compared with 44% placebo. Improvement in asthma symptoms, PEF, and reduction in use of rescue bronchodilators did not reach statistical significance until after six weeks of treatment. Twenty two patients were withdrawn or dropped out during the treatment phase, 12 due to uncontrolled asthma or persistence of asthma symptoms, four due to suspected adverse drug reactions (nedocromil sodium 3 (headaches 2, angio-oedema/urticaria 1), placebo 1(persistent cough)), and six due to non-treatment related reasons. Seventy one adverse events were reported by 27 patients in the nedocromil group and 75 by 30 patients in the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: Asthma symptoms, use of bronchodilators, and lung function can be improved significantly in children recovering from an acute exacerbation of asthma or wheeze and currently receiving treatment with bronchodilators alone by the addition of inhaled nedocromil sodium at a dose of 4 mg three times daily administered using a Fisonair holding chamber. (+info)

Photochemical internalization: a novel technology for delivery of macromolecules into cytosol. (5/6144)

The therapeutic usefulness of macromolecules, such as in gene therapy, is often limited by an inefficient transfer of the macromolecule to the cytosol and a lack of tissue-specific targeting. The possibility of photochemically releasing macromolecules from endosomes and lysosomes into the cytosol was examined. Endocytosed macromolecules and photosensitizer were exposed to light and intracellular localization and the expression of macomolecules in the cytosol was analyzed. This novel technology, named photochemical internalization (PCI), was found to efficiently deliver type I ribosome-inactivating proteins, horseradish peroxidase, a p21ras-derived peptide, and a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein into cytosol in a light-dependent manner. The results presented here show that PCI can induce efficient light-directed delivery of macromolecules into the cytosol, indicating that PCI may have a variety of useful applications for site-specific drug delivery, e.g., in gene therapy, vaccination, and cancer treatment. (+info)

Nucleotide exchange in genomic DNA of rat hepatocytes using RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Targeted delivery of liposomes and polyethyleneimine to the asialoglycoprotein receptor. (6/6144)

Chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides have been shown to promote single nucleotide exchange in genomic DNA. A chimeric molecule was designed to introduce an A to C nucleotide conversion at the Ser365 position of the rat factor IX gene. The oligonucleotides were encapsulated in positive, neutral, and negatively charged liposomes containing galactocerebroside or complexed with lactosylated polyethyleneimine. The formulations were evaluated for stability and efficiency in targeting hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor. Physical characterization and electron microscopy revealed that the oligonucleotides were efficiently encapsulated within the liposomes, with the positive and negative formulations remaining stable for at least 1 month. Transfection efficiencies in isolated rat hepatocytes approached 100% with each of the formulations. However, the negative liposomes and 25-kDa lactosylated polyethyleneimine provided the most intense nuclear fluorescence with the fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotides. The lactosylated polyethyleneimine and the three different liposomal formulations resulted in A to C conversion efficiencies of 19-24%. In addition, lactosylated polyethyleneimine was also highly effective in transfecting plasmid DNA into isolated hepatocytes. The results suggest that both the liposomal and polyethyleneimine formulations are simple to prepare and stable and give reliable, reproducible results. They provide efficient delivery systems to hepatocytes for the introduction or repair of genetic mutations by the chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. (+info)

Tracking the intracellular path of poly(ethylenimine)/DNA complexes for gene delivery. (7/6144)

Poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) is one of a number of polycations that has been used successfully to transfer genes into living cells. Although PEI shows promise in the field of gene therapy, to date no rigorous proof of mechanism has been published regarding the fate of PEI/DNA administered for transfection. Here we show, by using fluorescent labeling and confocal microscopy, the paths of PEI/DNA complexes from endocytosis to gene expression. We found that complexes attach to cell surfaces and migrate into clumps that are endocytosed. The endocytotic vesicles grow in number and size and are occasionally seen to lyse. Most interesting is the fact that endocytosed PEI, whether administered with or without DNA, undergoes nuclear localization in the form of ordered structures. (+info)

Intranuclear delivery of an antiviral peptide mediated by the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. (8/6144)

We report an intracellular peptide delivery system capable of targeting specific cellular compartments. In the model system we constructed a chimeric protein consisting of the nontoxic B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) fused to a 27-mer peptide derived from the DNA polymerase of herpes simplex virus 1. Viral DNA synthesis takes places in the nucleus and requires the interaction with an accessory factor, UL42, encoded by the virus. The peptide, designated Pol, is able to dissociate this interaction. The chimeric protein, EtxB-Pol, retained the functional properties of both EtxB and peptide components and was shown to inhibit viral DNA polymerase activity in vitro via disruption of the polymerase-UL42 complex. When added to virally infected cells, EtxB-Pol had no effect on adenovirus replication but specifically interfered with herpes simplex virus 1 replication. Further studies showed that the antiviral peptide localized in the nucleus, whereas the EtxB component remained associated with vesicular compartments. The results indicate that the chimeric protein entered through endosomal acidic compartments and that the Pol peptide was cleaved from the chimeric protein before being translocated into the nucleus. The system we describe is suitable for delivery of peptides that specifically disrupt protein-protein interactions and may be developed to target specific cellular compartments. (+info)

In the 2000 there has been an increase in research on the use of hydrogels for drug delivery. Polymeric drug delivery systems ... "Physical hydrogels with self-assembled nanostructures as drug delivery systems". Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 8 (9): 1141- ... Sustained-release drug delivery systems. Ionic strength, pH and temperature can be used as a triggering factor to control the ... "Environment-sensitive hydrogels for drug delivery". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 53 (3): 321-339. doi:10.1016/S0169-409X(01) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogel

Tønnesen, Hanne Hjorth; Karlsen, Jan (2002-01-01). "Alginate in Drug Delivery Systems". Drug Development and Industrial ... Alginates are the natural product of brown algae and have been used extensively in wound dressing, drug delivery and tissue ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edible_packaging

... and Microscale Drug Delivery Systems. pp. 281-98. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-52727-9.00015-7. ISBN 978-0-323-52727-9. Media related ... Jeswani G, Paul SD (2017). "Recent Advances in the Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents". Nano- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannosulfan

Yoko Shojia; Hideki Nakashima (2004). "Nutraceutics and Delivery Systems". Journal of Drug Targeting. Williamson, G; Manach, C ... In addition to gene and drug delivery applications, liposomes can be used as carriers for the delivery of dyes to textiles, ... The liposome can be used as a drug delivery vehicle for administration of nutrients and pharmaceutical drugs, such as lipid ... Until recently the clinical uses of liposomes were for targeted drug delivery, but new applications for the oral delivery of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liposome

Juliano, R. L. (1980-10-01). Drug delivery systems: characteristics and biomedical applications. Oxford University Press. ISBN ... Enteric coating is also an effective method to obtain drug targeting (such as gastro-resistant drugs). Other drugs such as some ... Wen, Hong; Park, Kinam (2011-01-14). Oral Controlled Release Formulation Design and Drug Delivery: Theory to Practice. John ... Bundgaard, Hans; Hansen, Anne Bagger; Kofod, Helmer (1982-02-01). Optimization of drug delivery: proceedings of the Alfred ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enteric_coating

Modified-release drug products and drug delivery systems. in Applied Biopharmaceuts and Pharmacokinetics. 3rd edition. 1993 ... Morganti, P., Ruocco, E., Wolf, R., & Ruocco, V. (2001). "Percutaneous absorption and delivery systems." Clin Dermatol. 19: 489 ... Percutaneous absorption: drugs-cosmetics-mechanisms-methodology, 3rd ed. New York, Marcel Dekker, pp 685-716 (Drugs and the ... If a drug is absorbed well through the skin it may be used as a means of systemic medication. Dermal dosage forms include: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_(skin)

Boateng JS, Matthews KH, Stevens HN, Eccleston GM (August 2008). "Wound healing dressings and drug delivery systems: a review ... Gupta P, Vermani K, Garg S (May 2002). "Hydrogels: from controlled release to pH-responsive drug delivery". Drug Discovery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogel_dressing

The recent developments in intranasal drug delivery systems are prodigious. Several antimigraine drugs, available by the trade ... Nasal delivery systems and their effect on deposition and absorption. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 29:157-177 (1998). B.A. Coda, A.C. ... Nasal route for direct delivery of solutes to the central nervous system: Fact or fiction? J Drug Target. 5:415-441 (1998) L. ... Recently, the upper part of the nasal cavity, as high as the cribriform plate, has been proposed for drug delivery to the brain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasal_administration

"Advances in polyelectrolyte multilayer nanofilms as tunable drug delivery systems". Nanotechnology, Science and Applications. 2 ... These cores, once created, can be used for things such as drug delivery and microreactors. For drug delivery, the ... which is one of the biggest barriers for the effectiveness of drug delivery. Butt, Hans-Jurgen; Karlheinz Graf; Michael Kappl ( ... This would be more effective than the current technique of releasing a high dose of drugs into the body and counting on some of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyelectrolyte_adsorption

Selbo, PK; A Hogset; L Prasmickaite; K Berg (2002). "Photochemical internalisation: a novel drug delivery system". Tumour Biol ... Otherwise, a hydrophilic delivery system must enable efficient and effective transportation of the photosensitiser to the ... Although these systems may increase therapeutic effects, the carrier system may inadvertently decrease the "observed" singlet ... Alternate delivery strategies range from the use of oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions to carrier vehicles such as liposomes and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodynamic_therapy

There are three ways to construct UCNP-based drug delivery systems. First, UCNPs can transport hydrophobic drugs, like ... The drug can be released by a pH change. Second, mesoporous silica coated UCNPs can be used, where drugs can be stored and ... Photocatalytic systems can be enhanced with UCNPs by the same principle as solar cells. In titania coated with YF3:Yb/Tm UCNPs ... Thirdly, the drug can be encapsulated and transferred in a hollow UCNP shell. Light-activated processes that deliver or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upconverting_nanoparticles

"Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems in oral (poly)peptide drug delivery". Expert Opin. Drug Deliv. 12 (11): 1703-1716. doi: ... Andreas Bernkop-Schnürch is a leading scientist of multifunctional polymers in the field of drug delivery and therapy. He ... changing nanocarriers and contributed substantial basic knowledge to the field of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS ... His research centers on the areas of pharmaceutical sciences, drug delivery, cosmetic science, bionanotechnology and polymer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Bernkop-Schnürch

DPPC is also used to form liposomes that are used as components of drug delivery systems. Surfactant Dysfunction Disorder is a ... "A review on phospholipids and their main applications in drug delivery systems". Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 10 ( ... These drugs are still under development, so there is as yet no evidence as to whether they possess advantages compared to the ... liposomes are used in the study of the properties of this phosphatidylcholine and of its use as a mechanism of drug delivery in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine

... as a gene delivery system". J Drug Target. 19 (10): 925-32. doi:10.3109/1061186X.2011.628396. Controlled Release Society ... It has been reported that polyamidoamine dendrimer based dendrosomes are efficient systems for the delivery of siRNA for ... Dendrosomes have also been explored for the delivery of s10siRNA targeting E6/E7 oncogenes in cervical cancer. ... Dendrosomes have been explored as vectors in gene delivery and genetic immunization. Poly (propyleneimine) dendrosome based ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrosome

A vesicular transdermal delivery system for enhanced drug permeation". Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research ... Recent application of nanomaterials include a range of biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, drug delivery, ... Recently, two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials are extensively investigated for electronic, biomedical, drug delivery and ... to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. Biomineralization is one example of the systems studied. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanotechnology

Zink, Jeffrey (2014). "Photo-redox activated drug delivery systems operating under two photon excitation in the near-IR" (PDF ... Bharti, Charu (2015). "Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in target drug delivery system: A review". Int J Pharm Investig. 5 (3): ... Emerging methods of drug delivery involving nanotechnological methods can be advantageous by improving increased bodily ... Nanodiamonds have been mostly studied as potential injectable therapeutic agents for generalized drug delivery, but it has also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanochemistry

They have enormous potential as sensors, actuators, soft robots, controlled drug delivery systems, etc. Mashelkar and co- ... "A Comprehensive Examination of Drug Regulatory Issues, including the Problem of Spurious Drugs" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the ... set up to look into diverse issues ranging from national auto fuel policy to overhauling the Indian drug regulatory system & ... Park, Chan; Achal Prabhala (12 February 2007). "First attempt to dent a compromised patent system". The Hindu. Retrieved 12 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raghunath_Anant_Mashelkar

Borkar N, Mu H, Holm R (2018-11-01). "Challenges and trends in apomorphine drug delivery systems for the treatment of ... pharmacokinetic properties and drug-drug interactions of rotigotine transdermal system in Parkinson's disease and restless legs ... Since rotigotine is a transdermal patch it provides continuous drug delivery over 24 hours. It has a half-life of 3 hours and ... Formulation strategies and manufacturing technologies to enhance non-invasive drug delivery. 13 (6): 507-517. doi:10.1016/j. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_agonist

Grainger's research focuses mainly on biomaterials and drug delivery systems in biomedical engineering applications. Much of ... "Nanotoxicity in Drug Delivery", Adv. Drug Del. Rev., vol. 61, no. 6, (2009). Wu, P., & Grainger, D. W. Drug/device combinations ... 402−406, (2019) 9. D.W. Grainger, Theme Editor, "Nanotoxicity in Drug Delivery", Adv. Drug Del. Rev., vol. 61, no. 6, (2009). ... Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 438-456, (2009). Busscher, H. J., Mei, H. C., Subbiahdoss, G., Jutte, P. C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_W._Grainger

"New molecular targets for functionalized nanosized drug delivery systems in personalized therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrizia_Pontisso

Gold nanoparticles that act as drug delivery systems in conjugation with chemotherapeutic drugs typically range in size from 10 ... They observed the effects of the drug delivery system via PAT technology. The properties of the AuNRs found to be the most ... non-toxicity and non-immunogenicity make these molecules useful candidates for targeted drug delivery systems. With tumor- ... these molecules can act as tumor-targeting drug delivery systems. Once within the tumor microenvironment, these complexes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_nanoparticles_in_chemotherapy

Schürle continues to develop innovative robotic tools, based on biological systems, that enable targeted drug delivery. In 2019 ... similar to what might be used in targeted drug delivery or cell manipulation medical applications. After designing the system ... Schürle further validated her technology's potential for targeted drug delivery by assessing its efficacy in living cells, ... These innovative means of drug delivery, harnessing already established biological architecture and living biology, will ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone_Schürle-Finke

... has also been used in dermal drug delivery systems for enhanced skin penetration of DNAzyme. It has been reported off- ... Marquardt, K. et al (2015) Development of a protective dermal drug delivery system for therapeutic DNAzymes. International ... The drug aims to combat a range of illnesses, including skin cancer, restenosis, arthritis and macular degeneration. Trials of ... Australian Cancer Trials (2010) A phase I study of the Dz13 drug targeting the c-Jun gene in subjects with skin cancer (nodular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dz13

... s have also been explored for uses in drug delivery, tissue engineering and cell encapsulation systems. ... Most commonly, photopolymerized systems are typically cured through UV radiation, since ultraviolet light is more energetic. ... However, the development of dye-based photoinitiator systems have allowed for the use of visible light, having the potential ... Other modifications to these types of systems are free radical assisted cationic polymerization. In this case, a free radical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photopolymer

Nippe S, General S (November 2012). "Combination of injectable ethinyl estradiol and drospirenone drug-delivery systems and ... "Drugs@FDA: FDA Approved Drug Products". United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 23 December 2019. Research, ... Center for Drug Evaluation and. "Drug Safety and Availability - FDA Drug Safety Communication: Updated information about the ... Enrique Ravina (11 January 2011). The Evolution of Drug Discovery: From Traditional Medicines to Modern Drugs. John Wiley & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drospirenone

Porous beta-Tricalcium phosphate scaffolds are employed as drug carrier systems for local drug delivery in bone. Tuite - ... and β-TCP scaffolds by starch consolidation with foaming method and drug-chitosan bilayered scaffold based drug delivery system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricalcium_phosphate

... polymer physics and drug delivery systems. She studies the impact of nanoconfinement on the structure of materials. She was ... The glass transition temperature represents the temperature at which a system is unable to reach an equilibrium on lab ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahra_Fakhraai

Durect Corporation is developing a biodegradable, controlled-release drug delivery system for after surgery. It has currently[ ... "Xaracoll: FDA-Approved Drugs". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Retrieved 2 September 2020. "FDA approval letter" (PDF ... "Bupivacaine (Lexi-Drugs)". Archived from the original on 2014-04-10. Retrieved 20 April 2014. de La Coussaye, J. E.; Eledjam, J ... However, adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are rare when it is administered correctly. Most ADRs are caused by accelerated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bupivacaine

Kumar R, Katare OP (October 2005). "Lecithin organogels as a potential phospholipid-structured system for topical drug delivery ... Often, these systems are based on self-assembly of the structurant molecules. (An example of formation of an undesired ... Gels are defined as a substantially dilute cross-linked system, which exhibits no flow when in the steady-state. A gel has been ... As responsive "smart materials," hydrogels can encapsulate chemical systems which upon stimulation by external factors such as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel

In order to function properly, any drug delivery system must be biocompatible and biodegradable. Polyelectrolytes such as ... Researchers have been investigating this drug delivery method to target leukemia cells. Because polyelectrolytes may be ... drug delivery, petroleum waste treatment, and food technology. Polyelectrolytes are made up of positively or negatively charged ... Once the polylelectroyte capsule has been degraded, the emulsion containing drug is released into the body. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emulsion_stabilization_using_polyelectrolytes

De Smet, Peter A.G.M. (December 1997). "The Role of Plant-Derived Drugs and Herbal Medicines in Healthcare". Drugs. 54 (6): 801 ... "An alternative medical system is a set of practices based on a philosophy different from Western biomedicine."[17] ... and a dislike of the current delivery methods of scientific biomedicine, all of which have led patients to seek out alternative ... 2006). "Drug-related hepatotoxicity". New England Journal of Medicine. 354 (7): 731-39. doi:10.1056/NEJMra052270. PMID 16481640 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrative_medicine

Each state operates its own Medicaid system, but this system must conform to federal guidelines in order for the state to ... The Medicaid Drug Rebate Program and the Health Insurance Premium Payment Program (HIPP) were created by the Omnibus Budget ... monitors the state-run programs and establishes requirements for service delivery, quality, funding, and eligibility standards ... "Medicaid Drug Rebate Program Overview". HHS. Archived from the original on December 14, 2007.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medicaid

... hypoxicators that can be distinguished by the method of producing hypoxic air and its delivery to the user's respiratory system ... an emerging drug-free treatment for a wide range of degenerative disorders and for simulated altitude training used to achieve ... who pioneered normobaric hypoxic altitude training systems. Most of these systems have not been cleared for medical ... A hypoxicator is a medical device intended to provide a stimulus for the adaptation of an individual's cardiovascular system by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoxicator

"Drug Trials Snapshots: Aklief". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 11 October 2019. Archived from the original on 19 ... C. acnes' ability to bind and activate a class of immune system receptors known as toll-like receptors (TLRs), especially TLR2 ... "Industry update: the latest developments in the field of therapeutic delivery, July 2018". Therapeutic Delivery (Review). 9 ... Aslam I, Fleischer A, Feldman S (March 2015). "Emerging drugs for the treatment of acne". Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs. 20 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

JEL: P5 - Comparative Economic Systems JEL: P50 - Geral. JEL: P51 - Comparative Analysis of Economic Systems. JEL: P52 - ... JEL: L87 - Postal and Delivery Services. JEL: L88 - Government Policy. JEL: L89 - Outros. JEL: L9 - Industry Studies: ... JEL: L65 - Chemicals; Rubber; Drugs; Biotechnology. JEL: L66 - Food; Beverages; Cosmetics; Tobacco. JEL: L67 - Other Consumer ... JEL: H61 - Budget; Budget Systems. JEL: H62 - Deficit; Surplus. JEL: H63 - Debt; Debt Management. JEL: H68 - Forecasts of ...

https://pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Códigos_de_classificação_JEL

... particularly community-based approaches for basic service delivery with a functional community support system through female ... The epidemic in Nepal is driven by injecting drug users, migrants, sex workers and their clients, and MSM. Results from the ... rates of institutional deliveries as well as deliveries attended by a skilled birth attendant (56%). Nepal is also on track to ... Nepal is one of the countries recognized for the well‐functioning immunization system with coverage of 97% population equally, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_in_Nepal

... which sets out the principles and directives for the delivery of healthcare in the country through the Unified Health System ( ... In 1998, the National Drug Policy was approved, whose purpose is to ensure safety, efficacy, and quality of drugs, as well as ... In 2000, there were 14 industries authorized to produce generic drugs and about 200 registered generic drugs were being ... Brazil is among the greatest consumers markets for drugs, accounting for 3.5% share of the world market. To expand the access ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Brazil

Modern drug ampoules. Transparency of information is another factor defining a delivery system. Access to information on ... Review of systems (ROS) or systems inquiry: a set of additional questions to ask, which may be missed on HPI: a general enquiry ... Immunology is the study of the immune system, which includes the innate and adaptive immune system in humans, for example. ... Delivery[edit]. See also: Health care, clinic, hospital, and hospice. Provision of medical care is classified into primary, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical

DMSO drug solution. *Electrophoretic dermal delivery system. *Hydrogel. *Liposomes. *Transfersome vesicles. *Cream ... Illegal - various gaseous, vaporised or aerosolized recreational drugs Medical use[edit]. Diagnostic[edit]. Various specialized ... Gases and other drugs used in anaesthesia include oxygen, nitrous oxide, helium, xenon, volatile anaesthetic agents. Medication ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhale

A biomedical equipment technician (BMET) is a vital component of the healthcare delivery system. Employed primarily by ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2010-10-15.. *^ "Title 21-Food and drugs: Chapter i-Food and drug administration: ... U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved 2010-10-15.. *^ a b c d e f "General and Special Controls". Medical Devices. U.S. ... United States (Food and Drug Administration)Edit. Section 201(h) of the Federal Food Drug & Cosmetic (FD&C) Act[6] defines a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_device

Of numerous grading systems in use for the classification of tumor of the central nervous system, the World Health Organization ... The toxicity and many side effects of the drugs, and the uncertain outcome of chemotherapy in brain tumors puts this treatment ... "A uniquely stable replication-competent retrovirus vector achieves efficient gene delivery in vitro and in solid tumors". Human ... The central nervous system cancer survival rate in children is approximately 60%. The rate varies with the type of cancer and ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_tumors

The drug is relatively inexpensive, but the cost of the drug is still very high for many of those in West African states. Fluid ... When Lassa fever infects pregnant women late in their third trimester, inducing delivery is necessary for the mother to have a ... Nervous system *Encephalitis. *Meningitis. *Unilateral or bilateral hearing loss, observed in up to one third of adults, which ... Following delivery, women should receive the same treatment as other Lassa fever patients. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

DeQuattro, V., & Hamad, R. (1985). The role of stress and the sympathetic nervous system in hypertension and ischemic heart ... thus reducing redundancy in service delivery. ... Drug testing. *e-recruitment. *Employment counsellor. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology

Stevens, C. Edward; Hume, Ian D. (1995). Comparative Physiology of the Vertebrate Digestive System. Cambridge University Press ... Since they are unable to go onto land to calve, they deliver the baby with the fetus positioned for tail-first delivery. This ... he was told by the Great Spirit where to find special mushrooms that would give him the strength to drag the whale back to the ... prevents the baby from drowning either upon or during delivery. To feed the new-born, whales, being aquatic, must squirt the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whale

... the more than 20 resolutions adopted by the Assembly included ones concerning strengthening of national drug management systems ... "integrated service delivery."[16] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly

It could be argued that IBM Notes and Domino is a multi-value database system like PICK, or that it is an object system like ... To select multiple documents in a Notes view, one drags one's mouse next to the documents to select, rather than using ⇧ Shift ... via mail routing and delivery, or via programmed code. ... and IBM mid-range systems such as the IBM System i (previously ... Operating system. Windows, OS X, Linux. Available in. 28 user-interface and mail template languages, 64 variants available for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_Domino

The rise of an understanding of the body and mind in terms of the nervous system led to the emergence of a new wave of music ... Dinesh C. Sharma with a motto "to use pleasant sounds in a specific manner like drug in due course of time as green medicine".[ ... "the conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients or the delivery of ... After 1800 books on music therapy often drew on the Brunonian system of medicine, arguing that the stimulation of the nerves ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurologic_music_therapy

DMSO drug solution. *Electrophoretic dermal delivery system. *Hydrogel. *Liposomes. *Transfersome vesicles. *Cream ... "Drugs.com. 3 January 2018. Retrieved 5 January 2018.. *^ O'Toole, S.; Mullan, F. (2018). "The role of the diet in tooth wear" ( ... and particularly is not recommended during pregnancy or when prescription drugs are used; comfrey is not recommended for oral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tisane

Biomaterials are also used every day in dental applications, surgery, and drug delivery. For example, a construct with ... Chemical kinetics is the study of the rates at which systems that are out of equilibrium change under the influence of various ... Cryogenic receiver front-end (CRFE) RF and microwave filter systems for mobile phone base stations; prototypes in dry ice; ... A biomaterial is any matter, surface, or construct that interacts with biological systems. The study of biomaterials is called ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materials_science

response to drug. • DNA unwinding involved in DNA replication. • cellular response to hydroxyurea. • replication-born double- ... "In Vivo Delivery of miR-34a Sensitizes Lung Tumors to Radiation Through RAD51 Regulation". Mol Ther Nucleic Acids. 4: e270. doi ... and RAD51 proteins in a yeast two-hybrid system". Genomics. 37 (2): 183-6. doi:10.1006/geno.1996.0540. PMID 8921390.. ... "Specific activation of microRNA-127 with downregulation of the proto-oncogene BCL6 by chromatin-modifying drugs in human cancer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rad51

... including chemotherapy drugs, is another potential occupational risk. These drugs can cause cancer and other health conditions. ... A surgical practitioner is a healthcare professional who specializes in the planning and delivery of a patient's perioperative ... either as integrated within or remaining outside the formal health care system. These include practitioners in acupuncture, ... They often work in hospitals, healthcare centres and other service delivery points, but also in academic training, research, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_professional

Bennett Alan Weinberg; Bonnie K. Bealer (2001). The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug ... 1996). The World's Writing Systems. Oxford University Press. p. 203. ISBN 978-0-19-507993-7.. ... Ferruzzi, MG (2010). "The influence of beverage composition on delivery of phenolic compounds from coffee and tea". Physiol ... Bennett Alan Weinberg, Bonnie K. Bealer (2001). The World of Caffeine: The Science and Culture of the World's Most Popular Drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea

PediaSIM HPS also responds to drug administration with a unique Drug Recognition System that uses barcode technology. New ... The optional anesthesia delivery system allows the lungs to uptake or excrete nitrous oxide, sevoflurane, isoflurane and other ... It was created for practice with normal deliveries, emergency deliveries, as well as births with complications. "Fidelis Lucina ... a b c d Petty, M. D., Windyga, P. S. (1999). A High Level Architecture-based Medical Simulation System. SIMULATION, 73, 281-287 ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medical_simulation

G.100.1 the level in dBov of a digital system is defined as: L. ov. =. 10. log. 10. ⁡. (. P. P. 0. ). [. dBov. ]. {\ ... Chand, N., Magill, P. D., Swaminathan, S. V., & Daugherty, T. H. (1999). Delivery of digital video and other multimedia ... dB drag racing. *Decade (log scale). *Loudness. *One-third octave § Base 10 ... Its application in systems with additive effects is less intuitive. Reporting large ratiosEdit. The logarithmic scale nature of ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decibel

Sutherland, W. J. (1998). Evidence for flexibility and constraint in migration systems. Journal of Avian biology, 441-446. ... Petrified by the darkness once drug below, white-tailed eagles apparently offer no resistance once caught. However, habitat had ... this kind of direct continuous observation of food deliveries to nests is not always possible.[3] Furthermore, despite similar ... river systems, marshes or extensive, low-disturbance farmland.[9] In the alluvial wetlands of Croatia, 95% of nests were found ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-tailed_eagle

Jack pitched for the San Diego Padres and Houston Astros.[113] Justin pitched for in the Chicago White Sox farm system for six ... Cassel was dragged to the ground and grabbed for his knee immediately upon impact. He attempted to continue playing but called ... Lemming called Cassel a "pro-style pocket passer with a very strong, accurate delivery."[7] In addition to playing quarterback ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt_Cassel

Katrina was a watershed moment for the school system. Pre-Katrina, NOPS was one of the area's largest systems (along with the ... These estimates are somewhat smaller to a third estimate, based on mail delivery records, from the Greater New Orleans ... "Violence thrives on lack of jobs, wealth of drugs". The Times-Picayune.. Archived November 17, 2015, at the Wayback Machine ... a b c The New Orleans Hurricane Protection System: What Went Wrong and Why. Archived July 2, 2007, at the Wayback Machine ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Orleans,_Louisiana

Problems after delivery can include severe prematurity, severe lung or heart disease, serious infections, trauma to the brain ... Hypothermia therapy for neonatal encephalopathy is the only evidence-supported therapy, but antioxidant drugs, control of blood ... Maryland Institute for Emergency Medical Services Systems (2004). Retrieved on 2007-04-13. ... Hypoxic-anoxic events may affect the fetus at various stages of fetal development, during labor and delivery and in the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_hypoxia

"US Food and Drug Administratiom. Retrieved 1 February 2019.. *^ "21 U.S. Code § 321 - Definitions; generally". Legal ... Most bark is collected illegally by local people who are paid 150 CFA francs per kilo (about US$0.10 per pound) for delivery of ... Rao MR, Palada MC, Becker BN (2013). "Medicinal and aromatic plants in agroforestry systems". In Nain PK, Rao MR, Buck LE (eds ... Yohimbine is a drug used in veterinary medicine to reverse the effects of xylazine in dogs and deer.[3] It is used as a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yohimbine

Via an Intrathecal Drug Delivery Device in Pediatric Patients With Hunter Syndrome Who Have Central Nervous System Involvement ... In some cases of Hunter syndrome, central nervous system involvement leads to developmental delays and nervous system problems ... also was approved in Korea by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. For more information of Idursulfase beta, which is sold ... underwent clinical trial in 2006 and was subsequently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as an enzyme ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hunter_syndrome

Drug delivery system. [K K Jain;] -- Drug Delivery Systems, Second Edition expands upon the previous edition with current, ... detailed methods and technologies to further study drug delivery. With new chapters on nanobiotechnology ... ... delivery_systems> # Drug Delivery Systems a schema:Intangible ;. schema:name "Drug Delivery Systems"@en ;. . ... delivery_systems> ; # Drug Delivery Systems schema:about ; # Drug delivery systems schema: ...

http://www.worldcat.org/title/drug-delivery-system/oclc/870648021

... is a technology using various chemicals to bind the target drugs, carry them to target organ, tissue or cell where the drug is ... Drug Delivery Systems - Use in Diabetes Management. Different types of drug delivery systems for insulin delivery have been ... Oncology Drug Delivery Systems. Drug delivery in oncology offers a localized, prolonged and protected drug interaction with the ... Drug delivery systems are further divided into two types based on the method of drug release.. Conventional Drug Delivery ...

http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/drug-delivery-system.htm

... 01.02.2012. Long duration, controllable drug delivery is of wide interest to ... The researchers detailed their novel drug delivery system in the January 16 online edition of the Journal of the American ... "Many researchers are advancing new drug delivery systems, and several others are designing superhydrophobic materials, but ... The system consists of a biocompatible, highly porous, three-dimensional polymer material containing a selected drug and a ...

http://www.innovations-report.com/html/reports/life-sciences/researchers-develop-drug-delivery-system-189562.html

Abstract 1135: Drug Delivery System Targeting the Injured Myocardium. Shinichi Aso, Hirohiko Ise, Masafumi Takahashi, Satoshi ... Abstract 1135: Drug Delivery System Targeting the Injured Myocardium. Shinichi Aso, Hirohiko Ise, Masafumi Takahashi, Satoshi ... Abstract 1135: Drug Delivery System Targeting the Injured Myocardium. Shinichi Aso, Hirohiko Ise, Masafumi Takahashi, Satoshi ... Background: Drug delivery system (DDS) targeting the injured myocardium has a great potential as a novel therapeutic approach ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/114/Suppl_18/II_211.3

... drug delivery system wholesalers & drug delivery system manufacturers from China manufacturers. ... drug delivery system. All drug delivery system wholesalers & drug delivery system manufacturers come from members. We doesnt ... drug delivery systems-. *transdermal drug delivery system-. *transdermal drug delivery systems-. *disposable drug delivery ... Methyl-PEG5-NHS ester With Cas.874208-94-3 Of NHS ester PEG Is For Targeted Drug Delivery Item#: BK02524 CAS#: 874208-94-3 M.F ...

http://www.chinaqualitycrafts.com/wholesale-drug-delivery-system

... could be used as a safe pulmonary drug delivery system.. In the past few years, as a colloidal drug delivery system, SLNs have ... Marasini N, Haque S and Kaminskas LM: Polymer-Drug conjugates as inhalable drug delivery systems: A review. Curr Opin Colloid ... Their results indicated that this drug delivery system could enhance the drug accumulation and reduce the systemic side effects ... The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has already approved several materials as drug delivery systems, including liposomal, ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2021.11964

The global novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) in cancer therapy market size was valued at USD 4.31 billion in 2016 and is ... funds for development of novel drug delivery systems are expected to impede the growth of the novel drug delivery systems in ... which allows efficient delivery of drugs to cancer tissues. Nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems are thus considered a ... Nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems are a unique approach in cancer treatment. They encapsulate the drugs and protect ...

https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/novel-drug-delivery-systems-in-cancer-therapy

The presentation captures the IP activity along with the key players in the smart drug delivery system industry. The ... Smart Drug Delivery Systems * 1. Dolcera Corporation Presentation on Smart Drug Delivery Systems ... 2 Miniaturised Drug Delivery System with Wireless Power Transfer and Communication MEMS Sensors and Actuators A drug delivery ... Newer drug delivery systems by Dr. Ashutosh Tiwari 15781 views * Magnetic field control drug delievery by Labeesh kumar rajput ...

https://www.slideshare.net/DolceraItes/smart-drug-deliverysystems

... all while ensuring the highest standards of manufactured product delivery in drug delivery systems. ... About 3M Drug Delivery Systems * Smooth the road toward commercializing your innovation. Take advantage of our more than 50 ... 3M Drug Delivery Systems Services Put our proven track record in pharmaceutical product development and world-class global ... all while ensuring the highest standards of manufactured product delivery in drug delivery systems. ...

https://www.3m.com/3M/en_US/drug-delivery-systems-us/

A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) is a drug delivery system that uses a microemulsion achieved by chemical ... "Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems in oral (poly)peptide drug delivery". Expert Opin Drug Deliv. 12 (11): 1703-1716. doi: ... "Self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems: an update of the biopharmaceutical aspects". Expert Opinion on Drug Delivery. 12: ... Actual applications of Self-microemulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) remain rare. The first drug marketed as a SMEDDS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-microemulsifying_drug_delivery_system

The INOMAX DSIR is a proprietary drug-delivery system that delivers the drug, INOMAX® (nitric oxide) for inhalation, the only ... It is offered through the INOMAX therapy package, an all-inclusive offering of drug product, drug-delivery system, on-site ... The INOMAX DS and INOMAX DSIR drug-delivery systems are part of a comprehensive offering known as the INOMAX therapy package. ... In addition to use of Ikarias proprietary, FDA-cleared drug-delivery systems, the INOMAX therapy package includes INOMAX ( ...

https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/ikaria-launches-next-generation-drug-delivery-system-119597474.html

No disease-modifying drug exists for osteoarthritis due to poor drug delivery within joints. Engineered biomaterials could ... A cartilage drug delivery system could sufficiently improve the efficacy of a previously failed disease-modifying drug to show ... Underlying the clinical failures of disease-modifying drugs and the shortcomings of approved drugs is inadequate drug delivery ... This article provides an overview of some of the design strategies used in drug delivery systems for joints, and discusses ...

https://www.aiche.org/resources/publications/cep/2018/may/designing-drug-delivery-systems-articular-joints

The drug delivery system of the present invention may be removably secured to the patient allowing the patient to be ambulatory ... The valves and expulsor engage and interact with the tube located on the pressure plate for forcing the drug from the drug ... The reservoir module includes a pressure plate upon which a tube extending from a drug container bag to the patient is ... A system for delivering a drug to a patient according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown as being of ...

http://www.google.ca/patents/US4559038

The reservoir module includes a pressure plate upon which a tube extending from a drug container bag to the patient is ... In another aspect of the present invention, an occlusion detector is provided in the system including a switch on the control ... in the control module engaging and interacting with the tube located on the pressure plate for forcing the drug from the drug ... A system for delivering a drug to a patient according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown as being of ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US4650469?dq=6,704,032

... a source of a drug, and a pressure source, which selectively pressurizes the ... A drug delivery system including a chamber, which is configured for enclosing or covering at least a surface of a patient, ... drug delivery system 10 is a through-the-surface-tissue drug delivery system that delivers a drug or drugs to a body surface, ... the drug system may be used to administer more than one drug, with a third drug administered using the drug delivery system of ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/8048044.html

... in a carrier composition of a transdermal delivery system prior to the systems use by providing a product packaging system to ... particularly a chiral drug or the active enantiomer(s) thereof, ... providing a child-resistant wrapping for the transdermal system ... A device and method for stabilizing a drug, ... Packaging system for transdermal drug delivery systems. US ... The use of transdermal drug delivery systems or "patches" as a means to topically administer a drug is well known. Such systems ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US20020168401?dq=inventor:%22Arthur+R.+Hair%22

Oral route and transdermal drug delivery systems are among the advanced drug delivery systems. ... Different types of drug delivery systems for insulin delivery have been extensively researched recently. ... Drug Delivery System. Drug delivery systems, is a technology using various chemicals to bind the target drugs, carry them to ... Advanced drug delivery systems must overcome these obstacles.. Drug Delivery System Methods Insulin Carrier Systems. A variety ...

https://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/drug-delivery-systems-use-in-diabetes-management.htm?utm_source=medindia&utm_medium=footerwidget&utm_content=&utm_campaign=relatedtopics

Musculoskeletal conditions have been defined by European National Health systems as one of the key themes which should be ... Rojo L. (2018) Combination of Polymeric Supports and Drug Delivery Systems for Osteochondral Regeneration. In: Oliveira J., ... Preparation and characterization of aligned porous PCL/zein scaffolds as drug delivery systems via improved unidirectional ... Biomimetic scaffolds Osteochondral regeneration Cartilage Drug delivery This is a preview of subscription content, log in to ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319-76735-2_13

One or more drugs can be incorporated within the reservoir. Additionally other drugs can be coated on the surface of the strut ... The design also ensures that the drug present in the reservoir is released exclusively into the adjacent tissue without getting ... Thus, the design incorporating sequential release of multiple drugs facilitates to tackle the sequential complex biologic ... enclosing the reservoir drug to facilitate sequential release of drugs. ...

http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US20040117005

... nature and ability to incorporate a wide spectrum of biologically active agents have led to the adoption of the system by... ... M. Mezei and V. Gulasekharam, Liposomes: A selective drug delivery system for the topical route of administration, Life Sci., ... Gregoriadis G. (1988) Liposomes as a Drug Delivery System: Optimization Studies. In: Gaber B.P., Schnur J.M., Chapman D. (eds) ... 2 Proposed applications2 for liposome-mediated drug delivery include antimicrobial3 and cancer therapy,4 metal detoxification,5 ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-7908-9_12

Controlled Release Systems from Dow Corning. A World Leader in Medical Health Care Expertise & Innovative Solutions ... Our silicone-based solutions for drug delivery systems cover a wide range of technologies:. ... Silicones for Drug Delivery. Transdermal and Topical Solutions. Dow Corning® products and services are well understood in the ... When collaborating with Dow Corning, you will discover that our solutions for drug delivery offer many advantages:. ...

http://www.dowcorning.com/content/healthcare/drugdelivery.asp

A complete review on Nanoparticulate Drug Delivery System which covers all basic points regarding this topics .- authorSTREAM ... NANOPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM : A REVIEW: NANOPARTICULATE DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM : A REVIEW 1 By Mr. Satish D. Pawar Email ... Drug loading: should have a high drug-loading capacity. Drug release: Solubility of drug. Desorption of the adsorbed drug. Drug ... Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1998;24: 1113-28. 12) Patil GV. Biopolymer albumin for diagnosis and in drug delivery. Drug Dev Res 2003; 58 ...

http://www.authorstream.com/Presentation/aSGuest128957-1355204-satish-ppt/

Drug delivery systems represent an alternative strategy to carrier antineoplastic agents. Many advantages of drug delivery ... liposomes were a suitable delivery system for 5 ALA.. Chen et al. (2012) [123] developed a transdermal drug delivery system for ... clinically relevant improvements in drug delivery. New challenges in developing nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for ... Drug delivery systems are an alternative strategy by which to carry antineoplastic agents. Encapsulated drugs are advantageous ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/841817/

SRI has patented a novel approach to vaccine delivery that is safe for pediatric use, eliminating the need for painful ... SRI has patented a transmucosal bioadhesive drug delivery system that uses gels for drug delivery and allows for a much longer ... Needle-Free Transmucosal Drug Delivery System. SRI has patented a novel approach to vaccine delivery that is safe for pediatric ... Transmucosal delivery is an effective means to introduce drugs across the mucous membrane to the systemic circulation, avoiding ...

https://www.sri.com/work/projects/needle-free-transmucosal-drug-delivery-system

Cipla consistently introduced more than 40 products annually and became the leader in drug delivery systems by expanding ... Developing new drug delivery systems for existing and newer active drug substances, as well as newer medical devices, mainly in ... Strengthening our intellectual property, including the patenting of new products, drug delivery systems and medical devices, ... Leader in Drug Delivery Ciplas Research & Development (R&D) is focused towards developing new products, improving existing ...

https://www.cipla.com/en/r-d/leader-in-drug-delivery.html

Rate-Controlled Drug Delivery: Concept and Development 2nd edition by K. Heilmann (ISBN: 9783135661025) online at Alibris. Our ... Therapeutic Systems: Rate-Controlled Drug Delivery: Concept and Development (2nd edition). by K. Heilmann ... All Editions of Therapeutic Systems: Rate-Controlled Drug Delivery: Concept and Development 1984, Hardcover ...

https://www.alibris.com/search/books/isbn/9783135661025?qwork=6653166

... and type of drug employed may also influence the concentration of drug in the drug delivery system. The water content of the ... The drug delivery systems of the invention and methods of their use have several advantages over the prior art. The systems ... We have invented a drug delivery system for the treatment of glaucoma. The system includes a polymeric hydrogel contact lens ... In addition to anti-glaucoma drugs, other medications may be included in the drug delivery systems of the invention. Examples ...

http://www.google.co.uk/patents/US20020197300

... a major step forward with scientists discovering a concept for fabricating nanomeshes as an effective drug delivery system for ... Nanomeshes could be effective drug delivery system for antibiotics. *Download PDF Copy ... Tags: Antibiotic, Antibiotic Resistance, Bacteria, Drug Delivery, Drugs, E. coli, Gold Nanoparticles, in vitro, Nanoparticles, ... Fuller, M.A, et al. (2019) Nanoparticles in an antibiotic-loaded nanomesh for drug delivery. RSC Advances. doi.org/10.1039/ ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20191016/Nanomeshes-could-be-effective-drug-delivery-system-for-antibiotics.aspx

The finding is a biological mechanism for delivery of nanoparticles into tissue. The results are published in this weeks ... Santa Barbara, Calif.) -- -- Scientists at UC Santa Barbara have discovered a potential new drug delivery system. ... Santa Barbara, Calif.) - - Scientists at UC Santa Barbara have discovered a potential new drug delivery system. The finding is ... "We believe this method will lead to better, more efficient delivery of drugs," he said. In this study, the scientists used ...

https://scienceblog.com/24405/ucsb-scientists-discover-potential-drug-delivery-system/

The module may be provided with an electronic scanning system for identifying the first and second drug administration ... The cradle supports first drug administration information in the nature of machine and human readable code, for example, ... The syringe supports second drug administration information in machine and/or human readable form. A scanner module is ... A drug administration system includes a cradle attached about an intravenous injection port having a flange extending therefrom ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US20040082918

A transdermal iontophoretic therapeutic agent delivery system which is provided with a plurality of self-contained serially ... Iontophoretic drug delivery apparatus. US5605536 *. 14 Oct 1993. 25 Feb 1997. Drug Delivery Systems Inc.. Transdermal drug ... Transdermal drug delivery device. US5358483 *. 23 Sep 1992. 25 Oct 1994. Drug Delivery Systems Inc.. Disposable transdermal ... Drug Delivery Systems, Inc.. Transdermal drug applicator and electrodes therefor. US5685837 *. 7 May 1991. 11 Nov 1997. Lts ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US20020188241?dq=flatulence

An industry expert shares how emerging micro and nanotechnologies could shape the next generation of implantable drug-delivery ... By integrating these systems with drug-delivery devices, which can also be MEMS-based, closed-loop drug-delivery can be ... MD+DI: In a broader sense, how do you think advanced drug delivery systems could impact things like on-demand drug delivery and ... which makes a compelling case for developing implantable drug-delivery systems.. Miniaturized sustained drug-delivery implants ...

https://www.mddionline.com/how-can-nanotechnologies-aid-implantable-drug-delivery-systems?qt-qmed_resources_widget=0

Nanoparticle delivery systems such as liposomes and micelles are often used to increase drug efficacy and DNA delivery and targeting. (grandviewresearch.com)

The global novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) in cancer therapy market size was valued at USD 4.31 billion in 2016 and is projected to grow at a CAGR of 22.9% during the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)
Key players in the market are investing in R&D for novel drug delivery systems. (grandviewresearch.com)
However, lack of awareness about alternative therapies and inadequate funds for development of novel drug delivery systems are expected to impede the growth of the novel drug delivery systems in cancer therapy market during the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)
Based on type of novel drug delivery systems, the market is segmented into nanoparticles and embolization particles. (grandviewresearch.com)
In 2016, the nanoparticles segment held the largest market share by product and is expected to continue its dominance over the novel drug delivery systems in cancer therapy market throughout the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)
Nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems are a unique approach in cancer treatment. (grandviewresearch.com)
Nanoparticles as novel drug delivery systems are thus considered a promising approach to replace traditional chemotherapy, a treatment that poses a serious risk to healthy tissues. (grandviewresearch.com)
Continuous improvements in therapeutic properties of drugs have increased the demand for novel drug delivery systems. (grandviewresearch.com)
Key factors contributing to the growth of this market include rise in number of research activities for new therapies, increase in budget for novel drug discovery, growing awareness due to marketing and promotional activities of manufcaturers, and increase in incidence of cancer. (grandviewresearch.com)
The Asia Pacific market for novel drug delivery systems in cancer therapy is anticipated to grow at the fastest rate during the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)
Marcus Horwitz and colleagues at UCLA in the U.S. will develop and test a novel drug delivery system in which nanoparticles loaded with anti-TB drugs selectively target macrophages, and release the drugs intracellularly via a pH-dependent gate, allowing delivery of high concentrations on antibiotics into the host cells for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (grandchallenges.org)
Niosomes, the novel drug delivery system are self assembled vesicles primarily of synthetic surfactant incorporated with cholesterol as an excipient. (journalcra.com)

Apart from conventional drug delivery systems like oral and inhalation there are many alternative systems are evolving such as nasal, transdermal, transmucosal, vaginal, anal and others. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
Among all these alternative delivery systems, transdermal and nasal are widely used whereas transmucosal, vaginal and anal are yet to get popularity. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
The market for alternative drug delivery system can also be segmented according to site of application such as oral, parenteral, nasal, transdermal, transmucosal, vaginal, anal, neural and intracellular and others. (persistencemarketresearch.com)

There are some companies which are specialized in particular system such as Meros Polymers in polymer based delivery system, Avelas Biosciences in image based delivery, AcelRX in transmucosal delivery. (persistencemarketresearch.com)

Patient-controlled self-injection systems represent an important advancement in injectable drug administration. (biospectrumindia.com)
Additionally, for some injectable medicines with higher-volume doses, it can be hard to administer the drug consistently via a prefilled syringe. (biospectrumindia.com)

In last couple of years vital work has been performed in improvement of alternative drug delivery system such as nasal vaccine drug delivery, hydrogel and polymer based drug delivery, image guided drug delivery, orodisperable and HyACT technology. (persistencemarketresearch.com)

Drugs can reach the brain through the skin, nasal cavity and oral cavity, and while effective transport of drugs from skin and nasal cavity to the CNS has been documented, these studies did not stimulate the introduction of a substantial number of new drug formulations to treat CNS disorders. (unicam.it)
Nasal drug delivery, generally used to administer locally acting molecules, is not common for systemic administration, although the possibility and importance of such systemic administration is suggested by several studies. (unicam.it)
This paper reviewed different anatomical and pharmaceutical factors related to drug administration through the nasal route, and explored whether nasal delivery of selected CNS drugs could improve their pharmacokinetics and patient compliance. (unicam.it)

Intranasal Drug Delivery to the Central Nervous System: Present Status and Future Outlook. (unicam.it)

Cyclic nucleotides were combined with a liposomal drug delivery system to mediate transfer of compounds across the blood retinal barrier and transfer the compounds to the photoreceptors of the retina. (europa.eu)

In this report, the EMEA Unit Dose Drug Delivery Systems market is valued at USD XX million in 2017 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025. (bigmarketresearch.com)

The overall goal of the DRUGSFORD project was to develop compounds (drugs) and delivery systems for the treatment of RD. Dysregulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) is a pathological hallmark of RD and cGMP-signalling was therefore chosen as the target for the development of new pharmacological approaches to treat RD. (europa.eu)

The thin barrier and high permeability of this membrane make the lungs an optimal site for systemic and local delivery of drugs. (spandidos-publications.com)

They encapsulate the drugs and protect them against chemical and enzymatic degradation. (grandviewresearch.com)

Niosomes are thought to be the better candidate's drug delivery system due to the various factor like cost, stability, etc. various types of drug delivery is possible using niosomes like targetting drug action, ophthalmic, topical, parenteral, etc. (journalcra.com)

Niosomes serves better aid in the diagnostic imaging and as a Vaccine adjuants.this article focuses on the recent advances in niosomal drug delivery, formulation methods, and methods of characterization and current researches in the field of niosomes. (journalcra.com)

Experiments were run on mice receiving different dosages of the drug: the standard dosage currently used for therapy, and another dosage three times that amount. (medicalxpress.com)
Mice receiving the standard dosage had significantly less tumor growth and longer overall survival compared to control mice who received a saline solution instead of drug therapy. (medicalxpress.com)
The main aim of niosome includes use of drug in efficient manner which includes reduced dose, reduced side effect, reduced dosage frequency, greater patient compliance and maximum concentration at the site of action so, that under exposure to the entire body. (journalcra.com)

Nanoparticles in drug delivery provide long circulation half-lives, help in reducing side effects, and improve pharmacokinetics. (grandviewresearch.com)

A team of UC Davis scientists has shown in experimental mouse models that a new drug delivery system allows for administration of three times the maximum tolerated dose of a standard drug therapy for advanced bladder cancer, leading to more effective cancer control without increasing toxicity. (medicalxpress.com)
Alternative drug delivery systems holds key importance in improving bioavailability, reducing toxicity and safety elimination of drug which is administered to treat particular disease. (persistencemarketresearch.com)
Conventional drug delivery systems have limitations according to their toxicity and poor solubility, bioavailability, stability, and pharmacokinetics (PK). (elsevier.com)

The nanodrug delivery system is the application of nanotechnology in the pharmaceutical field, and has shown development prospects in targeted diagnosis and treatment, delaying drug release, improving drug solubility and availability, reducing drug side effects and overcoming barriers of the human body ( 6 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
Two areas of recent innovation, in particular, are helping pharmaceutical companies meet new market demands for self-care at home: patient-controlled delivery systems and wearable injectors. (biospectrumindia.com)
While patient-controlled self-injections systems and wearable injectors both offer tremendous opportunity for advancing at-home administration, developing these new systems can pose a significant challenge for pharmaceutical manufacturers: how to design a wearable injector that patients not only can use, but also want to use. (biospectrumindia.com)
This MALDI-MSI study demonstrates the utility of MSI in a new field of pharmaceutical research by providing new insight into the spatial and temporal distributions of the compounds of advanced drug delivery systems. (imabiotech.com)
Pharmaceutical science is constantly looking for new administration strategies for efficient drug delivery to the CNS that could obviate these problems. (unicam.it)
This route offers attractive advantages, and pharmaceutical scientists and anatomists should collaborate to improve CNS drug compliance and to increase the number of compounds that can be administered intranasally. (unicam.it)

There are many organizations contributing in the market of alternative drug delivery system out of which major contributors are Lab International Inc., Hospira, Aveva drug delivery, SRI international, Alliqua Biomedical, and Zosano Pharma. (persistencemarketresearch.com)

The selection of drug delivery system depends on drug release, absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination profile of the therapeutic agent in order to achieve highest level of safety and efficacy from the drug. (persistencemarketresearch.com)

These particles also offer enhanced permeability, which allows efficient delivery of drugs to cancer tissues. (grandviewresearch.com)

Although these data cannot be directly transferred to inhaled therapeutic NPs, before practical application, different in vitro and in vivo methods should be used in preclinical research and clinical trials to systematically detect the interaction between nanomedicines and various components of the respiratory system. (spandidos-publications.com)

The application of nanotechnology in drug delivery systems has created new treatments for respiratory diseases. (spandidos-publications.com)
The application of nanotechnology overcomes drug inherent deficiencies to a certain extent, and provides unlimited potential for the development of drugs to treat respiratory diseases. (spandidos-publications.com)

the mechanism used for drug delivery is called as drug delivery system. (persistencemarketresearch.com)

Biocell Challenge a leading company from France which is working extensively in cellular drug delivery system claims that intracellular and gene delivery systems are high potential delivery systems for the drugs which find difficulty in transferring cell membrane. (persistencemarketresearch.com)

Different parameters may negatively influence effective targeting of the CNS and drug compliance, for example, poor brain-blood barrier (BBB) permeability, patient forgetfulness or neglect, and lack of collaboration between caregivers and patients. (unicam.it)
DRUGSFORD demonstrated a strong photoreceptor protective potential of inhibitory cGMP analogues and that liposomal encapsulation achieves efficient drug targeting to the photoreceptors of the retina. (europa.eu)

With these cGMP analogues DRUGSFORD has introduced a new class of compounds for RD treatment, inventively combined with an efficient retinal delivery method. (europa.eu)

The drug delivery system used in this study makes use of nanoparticles called micelles developed by Kit Lam, professor and chair of the UC Davis Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and a co-author of the article. (medicalxpress.com)

New developments in self-administration technology - such as ergonomically designed, patient-controlled injection systems and wearable injectors - are helping to provide safe, reliable and convenient methods for home-based drug administration. (biospectrumindia.com)

Drug Discovery Today , 01.01.2019. (elsevier.com)

Anatomy14

Organisms8

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs106

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment63

Phenomena and Processes32

Disciplines and Occupations9

Technology, Industry, Agriculture39

Health Care6

Transdermal photopolymerization for minimally invasive implantation. (1/6144)

Enhancement of fluid filtration across tumor vessels: implication for delivery of macromolecules. (2/6144)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein as a delivery system for photosensitizers: implications for photodynamic therapy of atherosclerosis. (3/6144)

Early use of inhaled nedocromil sodium in children following an acute episode of asthma. (4/6144)

Photochemical internalization: a novel technology for delivery of macromolecules into cytosol. (5/6144)

Nucleotide exchange in genomic DNA of rat hepatocytes using RNA/DNA oligonucleotides. Targeted delivery of liposomes and polyethyleneimine to the asialoglycoprotein receptor. (6/6144)

Tracking the intracellular path of poly(ethylenimine)/DNA complexes for gene delivery. (7/6144)

Intranuclear delivery of an antiviral peptide mediated by the B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. (8/6144)

Drug Delivery Systems

Drug Carriers

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

Nanoparticles

Delayed-Action Preparations

Drug Compounding

Emulsifying Agents

Emulsions

Technology, Pharmaceutical

Nanomedicine

Particle Size

Nanocapsules

Excipients

Polymers

Chitosan

Solubility

Liposomes

Polyglycolic Acid

Nanotechnology

Tablets

Dosage Forms

Pharmaceutical Preparations

Nanostructures

Microspheres

Administration, Cutaneous

Biological Availability

Polyethylene Glycols

Biocompatible Materials

Methylcellulose

Hydrogels

Poloxamer

Skin Absorption

Drug Chronotherapy

Drug Implants

Infusion Pumps, Implantable

Drug Stability

Nanoconjugates

Oils

Polymethacrylic Acids

Administration, Ophthalmic

Surface-Active Agents

Capsules

Micelles

Dendrimers

Nanospheres

Polyesters

Polyglactin 910

Adhesives

Lactic Acid

Surface Properties

Delivery, Obstetric

Administration, Oral

Polyethyleneimine

Drug Design

Drug Administration Routes

Polysorbates

Porosity

Antineoplastic Agents

Powders

Gels

Pharmacokinetics

Acrylic Resins

Microscopy, Electron, Transmission

Microscopy, Electron, Scanning

Viscosity

Microtechnology

Ketoprofen

Cell Line, Tumor

Doxorubicin

Magnetite Nanoparticles

Nanotubes, Carbon

Oxprenolol

Sonication

Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Gene Transfer Techniques

Hydrogel

Ophthalmic Solutions

Plant Gums

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning

Absorbable Implants