Drosophila melanogaster. Medical search

A species of fruit fly much used in genetics because of the large size of its chromosomes.

A genus of small, two-winged flies containing approximately 900 described species. These organisms are the most extensively studied of all genera from the standpoint of genetics and cytology.

Proteins that originate from insect species belonging to the genus DROSOPHILA. The proteins from the most intensely studied species of Drosophila, DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, are the subject of much interest in the area of MORPHOGENESIS and development.

The functional hereditary units of INSECTS.

Wormlike or grublike stage, following the egg in the life cycle of insects, worms, and other metamorphosing animals.

ANIMALS whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING, or their offspring.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The genetic complement of an insect (INSECTS) as represented in its DNA.

Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.

Deliberate breeding of two different individuals that results in offspring that carry part of the genetic material of each parent. The parent organisms must be genetically compatible and may be from different varieties or closely related species.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

An inactive stage between the larval and adult stages in the life cycle of insects.

Hormones secreted by insects. They influence their growth and development. Also synthetic substances that act like insect hormones.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The developmental entity of a fertilized egg (ZYGOTE) in animal species other than MAMMALS. For chickens, use CHICK EMBRYO.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Color of the iris.

Structures within the CELL NUCLEUS of insect cells containing DNA.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Slender tubular or hairlike excretory structures found in insects. They emerge from the alimentary canal between the mesenteron (midgut) and the proctodeum (hindgut).

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.

Specialized cells in the invertebrates that detect and transduce light. They are predominantly rhabdomeric with an array of photosensitive microvilli. Illumination depolarizes invertebrate photoreceptors by stimulating Na+ influx across the plasma membrane.

The portion of chromosome material that remains condensed and is transcriptionally inactive during INTERPHASE.

The process of germ cell development in the female from the primordial germ cells through OOGONIA to the mature haploid ova (OVUM).

Sexual activities of animals.

The organ of sight constituting a pair of globular organs made up of a three-layered roughly spherical structure specialized for receiving and responding to light.

A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Differential and non-random reproduction of different genotypes, operating to alter the gene frequencies within a population.

The normal length of time of an organism's life.

Profound physical changes during maturation of living organisms from the immature forms to the adult forms, such as from TADPOLES to frogs; caterpillars to BUTTERFLIES.

A steroid hormone that regulates the processes of MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysterone is the 20-hydroxylated ECDYSONE.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of genetic processes or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Activities designed to attract the attention or favors of another.

A layer of cells lining the fluid-filled cavity (blastocele) of a BLASTULA, usually developed from a fertilized insect, reptilian, or avian egg.

A nutritional reservoir of fatty tissue found mainly in insects and amphibians.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.

Glands that secrete SALIVA in the MOUTH. There are three pairs of salivary glands (PAROTID GLAND; SUBLINGUAL GLAND; SUBMANDIBULAR GLAND).

The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.

The use of wings or wing-like appendages to remain aloft and move through the air.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The development of anatomical structures to create the form of a single- or multi-cell organism. Morphogenesis provides form changes of a part, parts, or the whole organism.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

Specialized organs adapted for the reception of stimuli by the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Genes that are introduced into an organism using GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Proteins encoded by homeobox genes (GENES, HOMEOBOX) that exhibit structural similarity to certain prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins. Homeodomain proteins are involved in the control of gene expression during morphogenesis and development (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, DEVELOPMENTAL).

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

A zinc-containing enzyme which oxidizes primary and secondary alcohols or hemiacetals in the presence of NAD. In alcoholic fermentation, it catalyzes the final step of reducing an aldehyde to an alcohol in the presence of NADH and hydrogen.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

An antineoplastic agent with alkylating properties. It also acts as a mutagen by damaging DNA and is used experimentally for that effect.

The genetic complement of an organism, including all of its GENES, as represented in its DNA, or in some cases, its RNA.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The entire nerve apparatus, composed of a central part, the brain and spinal cord, and a peripheral part, the cranial and spinal nerves, autonomic ganglia, and plexuses. (Stedman, 26th ed)

Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A number of syndromes with defective gonadal developments such as streak GONADS and dysgenetic testes or ovaries. The spectrum of gonadal and sexual abnormalities is reflected in their varied sex chromosome (SEX CHROMOSOMES) constitution as shown by the karyotypes of 45,X monosomy (TURNER SYNDROME); 46,XX (GONADAL DYSGENESIS, 46XX); 46,XY (GONADAL DYSGENESIS, 46,XY); and sex chromosome MOSAICISM; (GONADAL DYSGENESIS, MIXED). Their phenotypes range from female, through ambiguous, to male. This concept includes gonadal agenesis.

The blood/lymphlike nutrient fluid of some invertebrates.

A proto-oncogene protein and member of the Wnt family of proteins. It is expressed in the caudal MIDBRAIN and is essential for proper development of the entire mid-/hindbrain region.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Hollow sacs of cells in LARVA that form adult structures in insects during BIOLOGICAL METAMORPHOSIS.

In invertebrate zoology, a lateral lobe of the FOREBRAIN in certain ARTHROPODS. In vertebrate zoology, either of the corpora bigemina of non-mammalian VERTEBRATES. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1329)

Any blood or formed element especially in invertebrates.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

Chromosome regions that are loosely packaged and more accessible to RNA polymerases than HETEROCHROMATIN. These regions also stain differentially in CHROMOSOME BANDING preparations.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

A family of conserved cell surface receptors that contain EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR repeats in their extracellular domain and ANKYRIN repeats in their cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic domain of notch receptors is released upon ligand binding and translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it acts as transcription factor.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

The upper part of the trunk between the NECK and the ABDOMEN. It contains the chief organs of the circulatory and respiratory systems. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Extra large CHROMOSOMES, each consisting of many identical copies of a chromosome lying next to each other in parallel.

Prominent lobed neuropils found in ANNELIDA and all ARTHROPODS except crustaceans. They are thought to be involved in olfactory learning and memory.

Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

Genetic mechanisms that allow GENES to be expressed at a similar level irrespective of their GENE DOSAGE. This term is usually used in discussing genes that lie on the SEX CHROMOSOMES. Because the sex chromosomes are only partially homologous, there is a different copy number, i.e., dosage, of these genes in males vs. females. In DROSOPHILA, dosage compensation is accomplished by hypertranscription of genes located on the X CHROMOSOME. In mammals, dosage compensation of X chromosome genes is accomplished by random X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION of one of the two X chromosomes in the female.

The reproductive cells in multicellular organisms at various stages during GAMETOGENESIS.

An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The discipline studying genetic composition of populations and effects of factors such as GENETIC SELECTION, population size, MUTATION, migration, and GENETIC DRIFT on the frequencies of various GENOTYPES and PHENOTYPES using a variety of GENETIC TECHNIQUES.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division, occurring during maturation of the GERM CELLS. Two successive cell nucleus divisions following a single chromosome duplication (S PHASE) result in daughter cells with half the number of CHROMOSOMES as the parent cells.

Compounds, either natural or synthetic, which block development of the growing insect.

An order of the class Insecta. Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. The order includes the families Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Phoridae, SARCOPHAGIDAE, Scatophagidae, Sciaridae, SIMULIIDAE, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Trypetidae, CERATOPOGONIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CULICIDAE; DROSOPHILIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; and PSYCHODIDAE. The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA).

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE both in the homozygous and the heterozygous state.

The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES by symmetrical breakage and crosswise rejoining forming cross-over sites (HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS) that are resolved during CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. Crossing-over typically occurs during MEIOSIS but it may also occur in the absence of meiosis, for example, with bacterial chromosomes, organelle chromosomes, or somatic cell nuclear chromosomes.

A mature haploid female germ cell extruded from the OVARY at OVULATION.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

The genetic process of crossbreeding between genetically dissimilar parents to produce a hybrid.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

One of the AROMATIC-L-AMINO-ACID DECARBOXYLASES, this enzyme is responsible for the conversion of DOPA to DOPAMINE. It is of clinical importance in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

A genus of bacteria comprised of a heterogenous group of gram-negative small rods and coccoid forms associated with arthropods. (From Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1, 1984)

The ability to detect scents or odors, such as the function of OLFACTORY RECEPTOR NEURONS.

Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).

The main information-processing organs of the nervous system, consisting of the brain, spinal cord, and meninges.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A type of CELL NUCLEUS division by means of which the two daughter nuclei normally receive identical complements of the number of CHROMOSOMES of the somatic cells of the species.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

Proteins which are found in eggs (OVA) from any species.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.

Genes that influence the PHENOTYPE only in the homozygous state.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The regular recurrence, in cycles of about 24 hours, of biological processes or activities, such as sensitivity to drugs and stimuli, hormone secretion, sleeping, and feeding.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A family of the order DIPTERA. These flies are generally found around decaying vegetation and fruit. Several species, because of their short life span, giant salivary gland chromosomes, and ease of culturing, have been used extensively in studies of heredity.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A genus of small beetles of the family Tenebrionidae; T. confusum is the "confused flour beetle".

Enzymes that recombine DNA segments by a process which involves the formation of a synapse between two DNA helices, the cleavage of single strands from each DNA helix and the ligation of a DNA strand from one DNA helix to the other. The resulting DNA structure is called a Holliday junction which can be resolved by DNA REPLICATION or by HOLLIDAY JUNCTION RESOLVASES.

A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.

Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.

A dense intricate feltwork of interwoven fine glial processes, fibrils, synaptic terminals, axons, and dendrites interspersed among the nerve cells in the gray matter of the central nervous system.

Proteins which are synthesized in eukaryotic organisms and bacteria in response to hyperthermia and other environmental stresses. They increase thermal tolerance and perform functions essential to cell survival under these conditions.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Nucleoproteins, which in contrast to HISTONES, are acid insoluble. They are involved in chromosomal functions; e.g. they bind selectively to DNA, stimulate transcription resulting in tissue-specific RNA synthesis and undergo specific changes in response to various hormones or phytomitogens.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Pheromones that elicit sexual attraction or mating behavior usually in members of the opposite sex in the same species.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Circadian rhythm signaling proteins that influence circadian clock by interacting with other circadian regulatory proteins and transporting them into the CELL NUCLEUS.

Light sensory organ in ARTHROPODS consisting of a large number of ommatidia, each functioning as an independent photoreceptor unit.

Antennapedia homeodomain protein is a homeobox protein involved in limb patterning in ARTHROPODS. Mutations in the gene for the antennapedia homeodomain protein are associated with the conversion of antenna to leg or leg to antenna DROSOPHILA.

Proteins, usually projecting from the cilia of olfactory receptor neurons, that specifically bind odorant molecules and trigger responses in the neurons. The large number of different odorant receptors appears to arise from several gene families or subfamilies rather than from DNA rearrangement.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

The upper part of the human body, or the front or upper part of the body of an animal, typically separated from the rest of the body by a neck, and containing the brain, mouth, and sense organs.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Sexual union of a male and a female in non-human species.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

The material of CHROMOSOMES. It is a complex of DNA; HISTONES; and nonhistone proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE) found within the nucleus of a cell.

The volatile portions of substances perceptible by the sense of smell. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

The mating of plants or non-human animals which are closely related genetically.

Steroids that bring about MOLTING or ecdysis in insects. Ecdysteroids include the endogenous insect hormones (ECDYSONE and ECDYSTERONE) and the insect-molting hormones found in plants, the phytoecdysteroids. Phytoecdysteroids are natural insecticides.

The parts of the gene sequence that carry out the different functions of the GENES.

Genes that are located on the X CHROMOSOME.

Those characteristics that distinguish one SEX from the other. The primary sex characteristics are the OVARIES and TESTES and their related hormones. Secondary sex characteristics are those which are masculine or feminine but not directly related to reproduction.

A family of proteins that contain several 42-amino acid repeat domains and are homologous to the Drosophila armadillo protein. They bind to other proteins through their armadillo domains and play a variety of roles in the CELL including SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, regulation of DESMOSOME assembly, and CELL ADHESION.

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

A multisubunit polycomb protein complex with affinity for CHROMATIN that contains methylated HISTONE H3. It contains an E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that is specific for HISTONE H2A and works in conjunction with POLYCOMB REPRESSIVE COMPLEX 2 to effect EPIGENETIC REPRESSION.

The failure of homologous CHROMOSOMES or CHROMATIDS to segregate during MITOSIS or MEIOSIS with the result that one daughter cell has both of a pair of parental chromosomes or chromatids and the other has none.

The process of germ cell development in the male from the primordial germ cells, through SPERMATOGONIA; SPERMATOCYTES; SPERMATIDS; to the mature haploid SPERMATOZOA.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of XANTHINE in the presence of NAD+ to form URIC ACID and NADH. It acts also on a variety of other purines and aldehydes.

Female germ cells derived from OOGONIA and termed OOCYTES when they enter MEIOSIS. The primary oocytes begin meiosis but are arrested at the diplotene state until OVULATION at PUBERTY to give rise to haploid secondary oocytes or ova (OVUM).

Organs and other anatomical structures of non-human vertebrate and invertebrate animals.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Coloration or discoloration of a part by a pigment.

Validation of the SEX of an individual by inspection of the GONADS and/or by genetic tests.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

An alpha-adrenergic sympathomimetic amine, biosynthesized from tyramine in the CNS and platelets and also in invertebrate nervous systems. It is used to treat hypotension and as a cardiotonic. The natural D(-) form is more potent than the L(+) form in producing cardiovascular adrenergic responses. It is also a neurotransmitter in some invertebrates.

Male germ cells derived from SPERMATOGONIA. The euploid primary spermatocytes undergo MEIOSIS and give rise to the haploid secondary spermatocytes which in turn give rise to SPERMATIDS.

A technique with which an unknown region of a chromosome can be explored. It is generally used to isolate a locus of interest for which no probe is available but that is known to be linked to a gene which has been identified and cloned. A fragment containing a known gene is selected and used as a probe to identify other overlapping fragments which contain the same gene. The nucleotide sequences of these fragments can then be characterized. This process continues for the length of the chromosome.

The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Small chromosomal proteins (approx 12-20 kD) possessing an open, unfolded structure and attached to the DNA in cell nuclei by ionic linkages. Classification into the various types (designated histone I, histone II, etc.) is based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each.

A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.

Characteristic restricted to a particular organ of the body, such as a cell type, metabolic response or expression of a particular protein or antigen.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A quantitative three-dimensional model of the Drosophila optic lobes. (1/16925)

A big step in the neurobiology of Drosophila would be to establish a standard for brain anatomy to which to relate morphological, developmental and genetic data. We propose that only an average brain and its variance would be a biologically meaningful reference and have developed an averaging procedure. Here, we present a brief outline of this method and apply it to the optic lobes of Drosophila melanogaster wild-type Canton S. Whole adult brains are stained with a fluorescent neuropil marker and scanned with the confocal microscope. The resulting three-dimensional data sets are automatically aligned into a common coordinate system and intensity averages calculated. We use effect-size maps for the fast detection of differences between averages. For morphometric analysis, neuropil structures are labelled and superimposed to give a three-dimensional probabilistic map. In the present study, the method was applied to 66 optic lobes. We found their size, shape and position to be highly conserved between animals. Similarity was even higher between left and right optic lobes of the same animal. Sex differences were more pronounced. Female optic lobes were 6% larger than those of males. This value corresponds well with the higher number of ommatidia in females. As females have their additional ommatidia dorsally and ventrally, the additional neuropil in the medulla, lobula and lobula plate, accordingly, was found preferentially at these locations. For males, additional neuropil was found only at the posterior margin of the lobula. This finding supports the notion of male-specific neural processing in the lobula as described for muscid and calliphorid flies. (+info)

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (2/16925)

Presenilin mutations give rise to familial Alzheimer's disease and result in elevated production of amyloid beta peptide. Recent evidence that presenilins act in developmental signalling pathways may be the key to understanding how senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and apoptosis are all biochemically linked. (+info)

Insect evolution: Redesigning the fruitfly. (3/16925)

Homeotic mutations in Drosophila can result in dramatic phenotypes that suggest the possibility for rapid morphological evolution, but dissection of the genetic pathway downstream of Ultrabithorax is beginning to reveal how wing morphology may have evolved by more gradual transformations. (+info)

Deletion analysis of the Drosophila Inscuteable protein reveals domains for cortical localization and asymmetric localization. (4/16925)

The Drosophila Inscuteable protein acts as a key regulator of asymmetric cell division during the development of the nervous system [1] [2]. In neuroblasts, Inscuteable localizes into an apical cortical crescent during late interphase and most of mitosis. During mitosis, Inscuteable is required for the correct apical-basal orientation of the mitotic spindle and for the asymmetric segregation of the proteins Numb [3] [4] [5], Prospero [5] [6] [7] and Miranda [8] [9] into the basal daughter cell. When Inscuteable is ectopically expressed in epidermal cells, which normally orient their mitotic spindle parallel to the embryo surface, these cells reorient their mitotic spindle and divide perpendicularly to the surface [1]. Like the Inscuteable protein, the inscuteable RNA is asymmetrically localized [10]. We show here that inscuteable RNA localization is not required for Inscuteable protein localization. We found that a central 364 amino acid domain - the Inscuteable asymmetry domain - was necessary and sufficient for Inscuteable localization and function. Within this domain, a separate 100 amino acid region was required for asymmetric localization along the cortex, whereas a 158 amino acid region directed localization to the cell cortex. The same 158 amino acid fragment could localize asymmetrically when coexpressed with the full-length protein, however, and could bind to Inscuteable in vitro, suggesting that this domain may be involved in the self-association of Inscuteable in vivo. (+info)

Why are there so few resistance-associated mutations in insecticide target genes? (5/16925)

The genes encoding the three major targets of conventional insecticides are: Rdl, which encodes a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit (RDL); para, which encodes a voltage-gated sodium channel (PARA); and Ace, which encodes insect acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Interestingly, despite the complexity of the encoded receptors or enzymes, very few amino acid residues are replaced in different resistant insects: one within RDL, two within PARA and three or more within AChE. Here we examine the possible reasons underlying this extreme conservation by looking at the aspects of receptor and/or enzyme function that may constrain replacements to such a limited number of residues. (+info)

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and insecticide resistance in insects. (6/16925)

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases are involved in many cases of resistance of insects to insecticides. Resistance has long been associated with an increase in monooxygenase activities and with an increase in cytochrome P450 content. However, this increase does not always account for all of the resistance. In Drosophila melanogaster, we have shown that the overproduction of cytochrome P450 can be lost by the fly without a corresponding complete loss of resistance. These results prompted the sequencing of a cytochrome P450 candidate for resistance in resistant and susceptible flies. Several mutations leading to amino-acid substitutions have been detected in the P450 gene CYP6A2 of a resistant strain. The location of these mutations in a model of the 3D structure of the CYP6A2 protein suggested that some of them may be important for enzyme activity of this molecule. This has been verified by heterologous expression of wild-type and mutated cDNA in Escherichia coli. When other resistance mechanisms are considered, relatively few genetic mutations are involved in insecticide resistance, and this has led to an optimistic view of the management of resistance. Our observations compel us to survey in more detail the genetic diversity of cytochrome P450 genes and alleles involved in resistance. (+info)

Control of growth and differentiation by Drosophila RasGAP, a homolog of p120 Ras-GTPase-activating protein. (7/16925)

Mammalian Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP), p120 Ras-GAP, has been implicated as both a downregulator and effector of Ras proteins, but its precise role in Ras-mediated signal transduction pathways is unclear. To begin a genetic analysis of the role of p120 Ras-GAP we identified a homolog from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster through its ability to complement the sterility of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) gap1 mutant strain. Like its mammalian homolog, Drosophila RasGAP stimulated the intrinsic GTPase activity of normal mammalian H-Ras but not that of the oncogenic Val12 mutant. RasGAP was tyrosine phosphorylated in embryos and its Src homology 2 (SH2) domains could bind in vitro to a small number of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins expressed at various developmental stages. Ectopic expression of RasGAP in the wing imaginal disc reduced the size of the adult wing by up to 45% and suppressed ectopic wing vein formation caused by expression of activated forms of Breathless and Heartless, two Drosophila receptor tyrosine kinases of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family. The in vivo effects of RasGAP overexpression required intact SH2 domains, indicating that intracellular localization of RasGAP through SH2-phosphotyrosine interactions is important for its activity. These results show that RasGAP can function as an inhibitor of signaling pathways mediated by Ras and receptor tyrosine kinases in vivo. Genetic interactions, however, suggested a Ras-independent role for RasGAP in the regulation of growth. The system described here should enable genetic screens to be performed to identify regulators and effectors of p120 Ras-GAP. (+info)

A human sequence homologue of Staufen is an RNA-binding protein that is associated with polysomes and localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (8/16925)

In the course of a two-hybrid screen with the NS1 protein of influenza virus, a human clone capable of coding for a protein with high homology to the Staufen protein from Drosophila melanogaster (dmStaufen) was identified. With these sequences used as a probe, cDNAs were isolated from a lambda cDNA library. The encoded protein (hStaufen-like) contained four double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding domains with 55% similarity and 38% identity to those of dmStaufen, including identity at all residues involved in RNA binding. A recombinant protein containing all dsRNA-binding domains was expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged polypeptide. It showed dsRNA binding activity in vitro, with an apparent Kd of 10(-9) M. Using a specific antibody, we detected in human cells a major form of the hStaufen-like protein with an apparent molecular mass of 60 to 65 kDa. The intracellular localization of hStaufen-like protein was investigated by immunofluorescence using a series of markers for the cell compartments. Colocalization was observed with the rough endoplasmic reticulum but not with endosomes, cytoskeleton, or Golgi apparatus. Furthermore, sedimentation analyses indicated that hStaufen-like protein associates with polysomes. These results are discussed in relation to the possible functions of the protein. (+info)

Konopka RJ, Benzer S (September 1971). "Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... Veleri S, Wülbeck C (May 2004). "Unique self-sustaining circadian oscillators within the brain of Drosophila melanogaster". ... Dubowy C, Sehgal A (April 2017). "Drosophila melanogaster". Genetics. 205 (4): 1373-1397. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.185157. PMC ... arrhythmic Drosophila melanogaster". Cell. 39 (2 Pt 1): 369-76. doi:10.1016/0092-8674(84)90015-1. PMID 6094014. Bargiello TA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_rhythm

Drosophila melanogaster)". Synonyms used in this way may not always meet the strict definitions of the term "synonym" in the ... much-advertised name change should go through and the scientific name of the fruit fly were changed to Sophophora melanogaster ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synonym_(taxonomy)

Drosophila melanogaster, 1998; Mus musculus, 2002; Xenopus laevis, 2002.) So far, three different transcription variants (TVs) ... Kloss B, Price JL, Saez L, Blau J, Rothenfluh A, Wesley CS, Young MW (July 1998). "The Drosophila clock gene double-time ... a neuronal cell model as well as in a Drosophila model resulted in prevention of neurotoxicity and consequently to rescue of ... "Hedgehog-regulated atypical PKC promotes phosphorylation and activation of Smoothened and Cubitus interruptus in Drosophila". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSNK1D

The Bithorax complex (BX-C) is one of two Drosophila melanogaster homeotic gene complexes, located on the right arm of ... July 1983). "Molecular Genetics of the Bithorax Complex in Drosophila melanogaster". Science. Springer Netherlands. 221 (4605 ... August 1995). "Complete sequence of the bithorax complex of Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ... Maeda RK, Karch F (January 2009). "The bithorax complex of Drosophila an exceptional Hox cluster". Current Topics in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bithorax_complex

33-41 Hubby, J. L. (1963). "Protein Differences in Drosophila. I. Drosophila melanogaster". Genetics. 48 (6): 871-879. PMC ... In 1963, Jack L. Hubby published an electrophoresis study of protein variation in Drosophila; soon after, Hubby began ... I. The Number of Alleles at Different Loci in Drosophila pseudoobscura". Genetics. 54: 546-595. PMC 1211185. PMID 5968642.; and ... A 1958 study of Drosophila by Wallace suggested that radiation-induced mutations increased the viability of previously ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_molecular_evolution

He studied fifteen different types of fruit fly, including the fruit fly most widely known, the Drosophila melanogaster. He ... scientists studied Drosophila melanogaster (the common fruit fly) and its reactions to both radiation and space flight to ... "Mutations induced in Drosophila during space flight". Biological Sciences in Space. 11 (4): 346-350. doi:10.2187/bss.11.346. ... Effects of the space environment on radiation-induced damage in mature reproductive cells of adult Drosophila and in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fruit_flies_in_space

Fruit fly: Drosophila melanogaster. Good embryo supply. Well developed genetics. Nematode: Caenorhabditis elegans. Good embryo ... Cohen SM (1993). "Imaginal Disc Development.". In Bate M, Martinez-Arias M (eds.). The Development of Drosophila melanogaster. ... St Johnston D (March 2002). "The art and design of genetic screens: Drosophila melanogaster". Nature Reviews. Genetics. 3 (3): ... which generate the adult body parts of the fly Drosophila melanogaster. Plant development is the process by which structures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Developmental_biology

Drosophila melanogaster - body size; altitude Menidia menidia - growth; latitude Lithobates clamitans - developmental rate; ... Levins first used the term when describing patterns of body size across an altitudinal gradient in populations of Drosophila, ... Levins, Richard = (1969). "Thermal Acclimation and Heat Resistance in Drosophila Species". The American Naturalist. 103 (933): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Countergradient_variation

Morgan discovered the attached-X and ring chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster. Normal Drosophila X-chromosomes have one ... Non-criss-cross inheritance in Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Bull. 42:267-274. Morgan, L. V. 1925. Polyploidy in Drosophila ... Composites of Drosophila melanogaster. Carnegie Inst. of Wash. Publ. No. 399: 225-296. Morgan, L. V. 1931. Proof that bar ... Origin of attached-X chromosomes in Drosophila melanogaster and the occurrence of non-disjunction of X's in the male. Amer. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilian_Vaughan_Morgan

Konopka, RJ; Benzer, S (1971). "Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68 (9): 2112-2116. ... Studies done on Drosophila, also show that most neuropil regions of the brain are continuously reorganized throughout life in ... ISBN 978-3-7643-5076-5. "Flybrain: An online atlas and database of the drosophila nervous system". Archived from the original ... In spite of the large evolutionary distance between insects and mammals, many aspects of Drosophila neurogenetics have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain

Multiple studies have been conducted concerning transgenesis in Drosophila melanogaster, the fruit fly. This organism has been ... "Transgenesis upgrades for Drosophila melanogaster". Development. 134 (20): 3571-3584. doi:10.1242/dev.005686. PMID 17905790. ... The most practiced method used thus far to insert transgenes into the Drosophila genome utilizes P elements. The transposable P ... The transfer of transgenes into the Drosophila genome has been performed using various techniques, including P element, Cre- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgene

Drosophila melanogaster has naturally occurring variation in Thr-Gly repeats, occurring along a latitude cline. Flies with 17 ... Period (per) is a gene located on the X chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. Oscillations in levels of both per transcript ... per has been shown to be necessary and sufficient for long-term memory (LTM) formation in Drosophila melanogaster. per mutants ... Konopka RJ, Benzer S (September 1971). "Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68 (9): 2112-6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Period_(gene)

The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is studied, again, because it is easy to grow for an animal, has various visible ... From 1910 to 1927, Thomas Hunt Morgan's work with the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster identified chromosomes as the vector of ... James H. Sang (2001). "Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly". In Eric C. R. Reeve (ed.). Encyclopedia of genetics. USA: ... Among invertebrates, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is famous as the subject of genetics experiments by Thomas Hunt ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_organism

The gene is located at 3-26 of the Drosophila melanogaster genome. It is named faint little ball because when the gene is ... Expression of the flb gene can be seen as early as four hours into the development of Drosophila melanogaster. At four hours ... Lindsley DL, Zimm GG (2012-12-02). The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster. Academic Press. ISBN 9780323139847. Raz E, Shilo BZ ( ... Faint little ball (flb) is a Drosophila gene that encodes the Drosophila epidermal growth factor receptor (DER) homolog. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faint_little_ball

Technau, Gerhard (2008). Technau, Gerhard M (ed.). Brain development in Drosophila melanogaster. Advances in Experimental ... Wong, Allan M., Jing W. Wang, and Richard Axel (2002). "Spatial Representation of the Glomerular Map in the Drosophila ... Lateral horn of insect brain Mushroom bodies Virtual Fly Brain Drosophila connectome Makoto Mizunami, Fumio Yokohari, Masakazu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraesophageal_ganglion

Drosophila melanogaster is a popular experimental animal because it is easily cultured en masse from the wild, has a short ... Konopka, RJ; Benzer, S (1971). "Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68 (9): 2112-6. ... "Atlas of the Drosophila Brain". Archived from the original on 2011-07-16. Retrieved 2011-03-24. "WormBook: The online review of ... Drosophila is being used as a genetic model for several human neurological diseases including the neurodegenerative disorders ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroanatomy

Kidd S, Kelley MR, Young MW (September 1986). "Sequence of the notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster: relationship of the ... Kidd S, Lockett TJ, Young MW (September 1983). "The Notch locus of Drosophila melanogaster". Cell. 34 (2): 421-33. doi:10.1016/ ... Lindsley DL, Zimm GG (2012-12-02). The Genome of Drosophila Melanogaster. Academic Press. ISBN 9780323139847. Metz CW, Bridges ... Poulson DF (March 1937). "Chromosomal Deficiencies and the Embryonic Development of Drosophila Melanogaster". Proceedings of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notch_proteins

"Nuclear architecture in drosophila melanogaster /". ResearchGate. Retrieved 2019-01-08. Hawley, R. Scott (April 2011). "The ... She completed her dissertation, called Nuclear Architecture in Drosophila melanogaster, documenting this work in 1996. Her ... using the fly Drosophila as a model organism. Specifically, she used FISH to monitor the chromosomal position of regions of ... which recognizes the most outstanding dissertation in the area of Drosophila genetics and biology. For her postdoctoral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abby_Dernburg

Konopka, RJ; Benzer, Seymour (1971). "Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... In Drosophila, CRY1 and CRY2 bind to TIM, a circadian gene that is a component of the transcription-translation negative ... Clock - The clock gene in Drosophila encodes for the CLOCK protein and forms a heterodimer with the protein CYCLE in order to ... Per - The per gene is a clock gene that encodes for the PER protein in Drosophila. The protein levels and transcription rates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillating_gene

Capuano F, Mülleder M, Kok R, Blom HJ, Ralser M (April 2014). "Cytosine DNA methylation is found in Drosophila melanogaster but ... Lyko F, Ramsahoye BH, Jaenisch R (November 2000). "DNA methylation in Drosophila melanogaster". Nature. 408 (6812): 538-40. doi ... Sensitive methods applied to Drosophila DNA Suggest levels in the range of 0.1-0.3% of total cytosine. This low level of ... the function of DNA methylation is gene regulation via alternative splicing DNA methylation levels in Drosophila melanogaster ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_methylation

2000 showing orthology between mammals and the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster for this to finally be accepted. The ... Shaw, Paul; Cirelli, C.; Greenspan, R.; Totoni, G. (2000). "Correlates of sleep and waking in Drosophila melanogaster". Science ... "Sleep homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster". Sleep. 27 (4): 628-39. doi:10.1093/sleep/27.4.628. PMID 15282997. Tobler I, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_in_animals

They were able to do this with the help of information on Drosophila melanogaster in FlyBase. Putative sequence identity was ... For the most extensively studied species and model organism, Drosophila melanogaster, a wide range of data are presented in ... FlyBase contains a complete annotation of the Drosophila melanogaster genome that is updated several times per year. It also ... Although there is a growing database in GenBank of ESTs from insects, most are from Drosophila melanogaster, with relatively ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FlyBase

Drosophila melanogaster has three scoloparia. The Johnston's organ is located in the pedicel (the second segment) of the insect ... In Drosophila melanogaster, in most mosquito species and some midge species, different subsets of Johnston's organ neurons are ... In Drosophila melanogaster, where it is possible to systematically analyze neuronal populations using genetic tools, the ... For example, in Johnston's organ of Drosophila melanogaster, sensory neurons that detect sound may express nompC, an ion ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chordotonal_organ

The basic molecular mechanisms of the biological clock have been defined in vertebrate species, Drosophila melanogaster, plants ... Konopka RJ, Benzer S (September 1971). "Clock mutants of Drosophila melanogaster". Proceedings of the National Academy of ... locus in Drosophila melanogaster from forward genetic screens completed by Ron Konopka and Seymour Benzer in 1971. Through the ... In D. melanogaster, the gene cycle (CYC) is the orthologue of BMAL1 in mammals. Thus, CLOCK-CYC dimers activate the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circadian_clock

He used ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) to induce point mutations in the Drosophila melanogaster genome, and eventually isolated ... "Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 68 (9): 2112-6. Bibcode:1971PNAS...68.2112K. doi:10.1073/pnas ... a new circadian rhythm mutant in Drosophila melanogaster". Genetics. 125 (3): 557-78. doi:10.1093/genetics/125.3.557. PMC ... It was mapped to the 10E1-2 to 10F1 region of the D. melanogaster X chromosome, close to the miniature-dusky locus. Rosbash, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_J._Konopka

Evidence for the syncytial theory can also be found in the development of Drosophila melanogaster. First 13 nuclear divisions ... Campos-Ortega, Jose A.; Hartenstein, Volker (2013-11-11). The Embryonic Development of Drosophila melanogaster. Springer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellularization

Fischbach, KF; Dittrich, AP (1989). "The optic lobe of Drosophila melanogaster. I. A Golgi analysis of wild-type structure. ... "Synaptic organization of columnar elements in the lamina of the wild type in Drosophila melanogaster". The Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamina_(neuropil)

THE COURTSHIP OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER, 1955; doi 10.1163/156853955X00184; ISSN 0005-7959/EISSN: 1568-539X "A gene mutation ... She studied the relationship between behaviour, genetics and evolution using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. In 1956, ... She studied a mutation called yellow in Drosophila and showed that this gene or a closely linked gene affected the fly's mating ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Bastock

2000-03-24). "The Genome Sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science. 287 (5461): 2185-2195. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. ... 2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science. 287 (5461): 2185-95. Bibcode:2000Sci...287.2185.. CiteSeerX ... that of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster - a popular choice of model organism in experimental research. The first plant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whole_genome_sequencing

Many strains have been isolated from the haemolymph of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies. These strains display different ... nov., isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (Pt 5 ... nov., isolated from wild Drosophila melanogaster". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (Pt 5 ... Unckless RL, Howick VM, Lazzaro BP (January 2016). "Convergent Balancing Selection on an Antimicrobial Peptide in Drosophila". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Providencia_(bacterium)

Proučavao je mutacije na mušici Drosophila melanogaster. Za vrijeme boravka na sveučilštu Columbia, Morgan je uspio pokazati ...

https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hunt_Morgan

Sleep homeostasis in Drosophila melanogaster». Sleep. 27 (4): 628-639.. CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (link) Link ...

https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Søvn_hos_dyr

Il-klassifikazzjoni adottate s-soltu għad-deskrizzjoni ta' tliet speċi: id-dubbiena tal-frotta (Drosophila melanogaster) li ...

https://mt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klassifikazjoni_Xjentifika

Mery, Frederic; Kawecki, Tadeusz J. (2004). "An operating cost of learning in Drosophila melanogaster" (PDF). Animal Behaviour ...

https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/認知系統

Helfand S; Rogina B (2003). "Genetics of aging in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster". Annu Rev Genet. 37: 329-48. doi: ... kot sta Drosophila melanogaster ali Caenorhabditis elegans[104][105], pri sesalcih dokazi niso tako jasni.[106][107][108] ...

https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antioksidanti

Hall gellt as Pionier vun de Verhollensgenetik un hör neurobiologischen Grundlagen bi de Fruchtfleeg (Drosophila melanogaster ... Drosophila melanogaster) togrunnen liggen. Hall un Rosbash hemm en negative Rückkopplung vun de Transkriptschoon as Mechanismus ...

https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Connor_Hall

... has been best characterized in model organisms such as the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. Neurogenesis in ... There has been research that discuss how the study of "damage-responsive progenitor cells" in Drosophila can help to identify ... Recently, a study was made to show how "low-level adult neurogenesis" has been identified in Drosophila, specifically in the ... In Drosophila, Notch signaling was first described, controlling a cell-to-cell signaling process called lateral inhibition, in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenesis

EN) Sang, James H., Drosophila melanogaster: The Fruit Fly, in Encyclopedia of genetics, Fitzroy Dearborn editores, I, 2001, ...

https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biołoxia

... dok je voćna mušica Drosophila melanogaster bila vrlo važan alat (posebno u ranoj pre-molekularnoj fazi razvoja genetike). Crv ...

https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genomika

Drosophila melanogaster. *Drosophila pseudoobscura. *Drosophila simulans. *Drosophila subobscura. *Drosophilidae. * ... Pages in category "Drosophila". The following 9 pages are in this category, out of 9 total. ... Retrieved from "https://simple.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Category:Drosophila&oldid=3088621" ...

https://simple.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Drosophila

1.1 Muschitu de sa fruta (Drosophila melanogaster). *1.2 Òmine (Homo sapiens sapiens) ...

https://sc.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificatzione_sientìfica

Drosophila melanogaster), l'òm (Homo sapiens), ël pòis (Pisum sativum), n'arnomà bolè velenos, l' Amanita muscaria e un bateri ... Drosophila Homo Pisum Amanita Escherichia Spece D. melanogaster H. sapiens P. sativum A. muscaria E. coli ...

https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sistemàtica

"The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science. 287 (5461): 2185-95. doi:10.1126/science.287.5461.2185.. Pemeliharaan ... Drosophila melanogaster (lalat buah) 180.000.000 180 Mb 13.600 76 4 [25] ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Materi_genetik

Chadov BF, Fedorova NB, Chadova EV (1 July 2015). "Conditional mutations in Drosophila melanogaster: On the occasion of the ... "High-frequency generation of conditional mutations affecting Drosophila melanogaster development and life span". Genetics. 158 ... A 2007 study on genetic variations between different species of Drosophila suggested that, if a mutation changes a protein ... One study on the comparison of genes between different species of Drosophila suggests that if a mutation does change a protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_mutation

Ii-chromosomes ze-Drosophila melanogaster polytene. oku kubonisa i-chromosome emva kokuba yothuswe yinto etshisayo ...

https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-chromosome

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurogenesis

Enim kasutatud selgrootud liigid on Drosophilia melanogaster, puuviljakärbes ja Caenorhabditis elegans, varbuss. C. elegansi ... Matthews KA, Kaufman TC, Gelbart WM (2005). "Research resources for Drosophila: the expanding universe". Nature Reviews ... melanogasteri puhul on võimalik kasutada väga suurt valikut geneetilisi tööriistu.[21] Selgrootute eelisteks selgroogsete ees ...

https://et.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loomkatse

After the amputation of a front leg, the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) shows immediate changes in body position and ... "Recovery of locomotion after injury in Drosophila melanogaster depends on proprioception". The Journal of Experimental Biology ... This result indicates that proprioceptive information is necessary for some of the neural adaptation that occurs in Drosophila ... "Inter-leg coordination in the control of walking speed in Drosophila". Journal of Experimental Biology. 216 (3): 480-491. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptual_adaptation

Drosophila melanogaster. *Dvobarvna dišavka. *Dvopikčasta polonica. *Dvopikčasti škržatek. *Dvozobi borov lubadar. E. *Emus ...

https://sl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kategorija:Škrbine_o_žuželkah

Ross J, Jiang H, Kanost MR, Wang Y. Serine proteases and their homologs in the Drosophila melanogaster genome: an initial ...

https://sh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteaza

Additionally, anandamide and other endocannabinoids are found in the model organism Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), ... "Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to study long-chain fatty acid amide metabolism". FEBS Letters. 588 (9): 1596-1602. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandamide

Ang mga pag-aaral sa langaw na Drosophila melanogaster ay nagmumungkahing kung ang mutasyon ay nagbabago ng isang protinang ... "Prevalence of positive selection among nearly neutral amino acid replacements in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National ...

https://tl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biolohiya

Drosophila melanogaster. *Drosophila pseudoobscura. E. *Escherichia coli. H. *House mouse. M. *Maize ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Model_organisms

Demerec, M.; Slizynska, H. (November 1937). "Mottled White 258-18 of Drosophila Melanogaster". Genetics. 22 (6): 641-649. doi: ... Slizynski, B. M. (May 1938). "Salivary Chromosome Studies of Lethals in Drosophila Melanogaster". Genetics. 23 (3): 283-290. ... "Salivary Chromosome Analysis of the White-Facet Region of Drosophila Melanogaster". Genetics. 23 (3): 291-299. doi:10.1093/ ... Helen graduated with a thesis on selection in Drosophila. In 1936 she married Slizynski and the couple received a grant from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Slizynska

Akiyama Y, Hosoya T, Poole AM, Hotta Y (December 1996). "The gcm-motif: a novel DNA-binding motif conserved in Drosophila and ... melanogaster, Akiyama and others discovered a pattern which they called the GCM motif in 1996. It spans about 150 amino acid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequence_motif

... is a species of fly closely related to D. melanogaster, belonging to the same melanogaster species subgroup ... PMID: 21091568 Sturtevant, A.H. (1919). "A new species closely resembling Drosophila melanogaster". Psyche. 26 (6): 153-155. ... Drosophila simulans at the Washington University in St. Louis Genome Sequencing Center Drosophila simulans at FlyBase ... "Variations in Cuticular Hydrocarbons Among the Eight Species of the Drosophila Melanogaster Subgroup". Evolution. 41 (2): 294- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_simulans

Drosophila melanogaster). Study of these organisms has revealed the presence of at least two conserved aging pathways. Gene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

... including Drosophila melanogaster. Its importance can be further demonstrated by the fact as much as 1% of all secreted and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosylprotein_sulfotransferase

The genome of D. melanogaster, has been sequenced and studied in fine detail. It is now known that Drosophila has 6 chromosomes ... Rubin, Gerald M., Lewis, Edward B.. A Brief History of Drosophila's Contributions to Genome Research (in The Drosophila Genome ... In the off-spring of crosses between Drosophila simulans and its island derivative Drosophila mauritiana, female hybrids are ... Kornberg, Thomas B., Krasnow, Mark A. The Drosophila Genome Sequence: Implications for Biology and Medicine (in The Drosophila ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila_hybrid_sterility

His lab focused on the Drosophila melanogaster, which is often referred to as fruit fly, specifically focusing on controlling ... At Johns Hopkins, Mahowald studied the structure of pole cells and polar granules in Drosophila melanogaster. Both his ... These stem cells are important to the reproduction of Drosophila as they turn into sperm cells. In Drosophila testicles, the ... By using the Drosophila as an easily controlled genetic system, Mahowald and his team discovered that mutations in the Act5C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Mahowald

... Permanent URI for this collection. https://hdl.handle.net/10125/18539 ...

https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/collections/1426745c-007d-4d52-870b-4ffd955db5ac

... we have identified some of the primary caffeine metabolites produced in the body of Drosophila melanogaster males, including ... It also indicates that caffeine could be used as a biomarker to evaluate CYP phenotypes in Drosophila and other insects. ... A transcriptomic screen of Drosophila flies exposed to caffeine revealed the coordinated variation of a large set of genes that ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117328

... Male Drosophila melanogaster Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum ... Drosophila melanogaster. Meigen, 1830[1] Drosophila melanogaster (from the Greek for black-bellied dew-lover) is a two-winged ... Ashburner M, Thompson JN (1978). The laboratory culture of Drosophila. In: The genetics and biology of Drosophila. (Ashburner M ... Adams MD, Celniker SE, Holt RA, et al (2000). "The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster". Science 287 (5461): 2185-95. ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/encyclopedia/Drosophila_melanogaster.html

... GenEZ™ ORF cDNA clones makes it easy to ...

https://www.genscript.com/gene/7227/drosophila-melanogaster/chromosome-2L/locus-22D6-22D6

... based largely on studies in the vinegar fly Drosophila mela … ... the peripheral odour coding system of Drosophila melanogaster ... based largely on studies in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. This progress has been possible due to the identification ... focusing on the molecules and cells that underly peripheral olfactory perception in Drosophila. ... Drosophila melanogaster / cytology* * Drosophila melanogaster / genetics * Drosophila melanogaster / metabolism * Drosophila ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22399395/?dopt=Abstract

Oxygen changes drive non-uniform scaling in Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis. Steven G. Kuntz, Michael B. Eisen ... Oxygen changes drive non-uniform scaling in Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a ... In Drosophila embryogenesis, increasing either oxygen concentration or temperature accelerates development. Having previously ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/024208v1

Drosophila melanogaster) [TaxId:7227] from b.34.13.2 Polycomb protein, Pc: *Species Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) [TaxId: ... Drosophila melanogaster) [TaxId:7227] from b.34.13.2 Polycomb protein, Pc appears in SCOP 1.69. *Species Fruit fly (Drosophila ... PDB entries in Species: Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster):. *Domain(s) for 1pdq: *. Domain d1pdqa_: 1pdq A: [94590]. ... Lineage for Species: Fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster). *Root: SCOP 1.67 *. Class b: All beta proteins [48724] (141 folds). ...

http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=101689&ver=1.67

The Development of Drosophila melanogaster. Edited By Michael Bate, University of Cambridge; Alfonso Martinez Arias, University ... Biology of Drosophila. Edited By M. Demerec © 2008 632 pp., illus., indexes. Paperback $42.00. $33.60 ISBN 978-087969828-7 ... Won for All: How the Drosophila Genome Was Sequenced. By Michael Ashburner © 2006 107 pp., illus.. Hardcover $19.95. $9.97 ISBN ... Drosophila Neurobiology: A Laboratory Manual. Edited By Bing Zhang, University of Oklahoma; Marc R. Freeman, University of ...

https://www.cshlpress.com/default.tpl?cart=1669338244499661170&id1=94&startat=1&--woSECTIONSdatarq=94&--SECTIONSword=ww&sortby_1=recency

https://cshlpress.com/default.tpl?cart=1642208690142814657&id1=94&startat=1&--woSECTIONSdatarq=94&--SECTIONSword=ww&sortby_1=recency

Five different samples of Drosophila melanogaster Kc167 cells were stained with Hoechst 33342, a DNA stain. The last sample ( ... Five different samples of Drosophila melanogaster Kc167 cells were stained with Hoechst 33342, a DNA stain. The last sample ( ... The recommended citation when using these images is: "We used the Drosophila Kc167 1 image set (Carpenter, et al., Genome ... Anne Carpenter (2011) CIL:21795, Drosophila melanogaster, epithelial. CIL. Dataset. https://doi.org/doi:10.7295/W9CIL21795 ...

http://cellimagelibrary.org/images/21795

Compensatory ingestion upon dietary restriction in Drosophila melanogaster. Nature Methods, 2 (11). pp. 813-815. ISSN 1548-7091 ... In D. melanogaster, a prominent model for research on the interaction between nutrition and longevity, dietary restriction is ... Possible problems with this approach are revealed by using a method for direct monitoring of D. melanogaster feeding behavior. ... Feeding behavior thus emerges as a central element in D. melanogaster aging. ...

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/93280/

6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE FROM DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AT 2.5 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION ... Drosophila melanogaster. Mutation(s): 0 Gene Names: Ald1, CG6058. EC: 4.1.2.13. ... The crystal structure of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase from Drosophila melanogaster at 2.5 A resolution.. Hester, G., ... THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE ALDOLASE FROM DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER AT 2.5 ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION. *PDB DOI ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1fba

... have been developed for immobilization and live-intact fluorescence functional imaging of Drosophila larvas Central Nervous ... Microfluidic devices for imaging neurological response of Drosophila melanogaster larva to auditory stimulus† ... Microfluidic devices for imaging neurological response of Drosophila melanogaster larva to auditory stimulus R. Ghaemi, P. ... Our lab-on-chip devices can not only aid further studies of Drosophila larvas auditory responses but can be also adopted for ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2015/LC/C4LC01245C

Drosophila melanogaster(fruit fly). Definition Drosophila melanogaster cystathionine beta-synthase, transcript variant A (Cbs ... Drosophila melanogaster(fruit fly). Definition Drosophila melanogaster cystathionine beta-synthase, transcript variant B (Cbs ... Drosophila melanogaster(fruit fly). Definition Drosophila melanogaster cystathionine beta-synthase, transcript variant C (Cbs ... Cbs ( NM_134580.3 ) cDNA ORF clone, Drosophila melanogaster(fruit fly) -, NP_608424.1 Drosophila melanogaster cystathionine ...

https://www.genscript.com/gene/drosophila-melanogaster/33081/cbs.html

All UHM dissertations and theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed from this source for any purpose, but reproduction or distribution in any format is prohibited without written permission from the copyright owner. ...

https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/items/c605a1e0-6886-4259-96d6-135042b31586

Data from: Genomic basis of life history evolution in Drosophila melanogaster. Remolina, Silvia C., University of Illinois at ... 2012), Data from: Genomic basis of life history evolution in Drosophila melanogaster, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.5061/ ...

https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.94pv0

Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used genetic model organism in developmental biology. While this model organism has been ... The developmental proteome of Drosophila melanogaster. Genome Res., 27 (7). S. 1273 - 1286. COLD SPRING HARBOR: COLD SPRING ... Here, we apply label-free quantitative proteomics to explore proteome remodeling across Drosophilas life cycle, resulting in ...

https://kups.ub.uni-koeln.de/22661/

Esslinger, Stephanie Maria (2011): Analysis of miR-277 in Drosophila melanogaster and its role for metabolism and lifespan. ... Analysis of miR-277 in Drosophila melanogaster and its role for metabolism and lifespan ... Analysis of miR-277 in Drosophila melanogaster and its role for metabolism and lifespan ...

https://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/13794/

Female Drosophila melanogaster undergo dramatic physiological changes mediated by seminal fluid components transferred upon ... melanogaster in a factorial design. We identified phenotypically plastic transcripts and epigenetic modifications associated ... Zhou, S., Mackay, T.F. & Anholt, R.R. Transcriptional and epigenetic responses to mating and aging in Drosophila melanogaster. ... Female Drosophila melanogaster undergo dramatic physiological changes mediated by seminal fluid components transferred upon ...

https://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-15-927

2022). Lifespan and ROS levels in different Drosophila melanogaster strains after 24 h hypoxia exposure.. Biol Open, 11 (6) ... Lifespan and ROS levels in different Drosophila melanogaster strains after 24 h hypoxia exposure.. ... During recent decades, model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster have made it possible to study the effects of different ... We observed that the genetic background is a relevant factor involved in D. melanogaster longevity and ROS levels. Indeed, as ...

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/338609

Drosophila melanogaster we demonstrate dose dependent increases in intracellular calcium Ca2 in cholinergic neurons upon ... Drosophila melanogaster GFP neurons Drosophila melanogaster we demonstrate dose dependent increases in intracellular calcium ... Channels: Drosophila melanogaster Medical Tags: Drosophila Melanogaster GFP Neurons Uploaded by: obertan ( Send Message ) on 24 ...

https://www.dnatube.com/video/6037/Drosophila-melanogaster-GFP-neurons

General patterns and locus specific features of radiomutability of sex-linked and autosomal genes of Drosophila melanogaster. ... "General patterns and locus specific features of radiomutability of sex-linked and autosomal genes of Drosophila melanogaster" ... locus specific mutations induced by 60Co γ-radiation and 0.85 MeV neutrons in mature sperms of Drosophila melanogaster males ...

http://www.jinr.ru/posts/143503/

Drosophila strains. Flies were raised on standard Drosophila medium at 25°C. Mutant strains lwr4-3 and lwr5 were obtained from ... The mutation without childrenrgl causes ecdysteroid deficiency in third-instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. Dev. Biol. ... Comparative study of the ring glands from wild type and 1(2)gl mutant Drosophila melanogaster. J. Morphol. ... Phantom encodes the 25-hydroxylase of Drosophila melanogaster and Bombyx mori: a P450 enzyme critical in ecdysone biosynthesis ...

https://journals.biologists.com/dev/article/135/9/1659/64951/Smt3-is-required-for-Drosophila-melanogaster?searchresult=1

The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster has 85 P450 genes; however, the large majority of them remain uncharacterised in terms ... Cyp12d1 is arguably the most xenobiotic inducible P450 gene in the D. melanogaster genome. It has been suggested that Cyp12d1 ... Cyp12d1 has been tandemly duplicated in D. melanogaster, and this duplication exists as a polymorphism in field populations. ... melanogaster. Cyp12d1 basal transcriptional regulators were found in Cyp12d1 upstream and downstream regulatory regions, while ...

https://minerva-access.unimelb.edu.au/items/c5dd446d-6f9a-5b68-bb09-f03c87b3d847

Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal organism to utilize. Compared... ... The Drosophila Melanogaster. The Drosophila melanogaster has been a novel model organism for researchers for over a century ... Drosophila Melanogaster Lab Report. Introduction: The Drosophila melanogaster, otherwise known as the common fruit fly has been ... Drosophila Melanogaster Lab Report. The simple but revolutionary organism Drosophila melanogaster has intricate properties that ...

https://www.cram.com/subjects/drosophila-melanogaster

Drosophila Melanogaster) The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been a model organism for developmental biology research ... Manning G: A quick and simple introduction to Drosophila melanogaster. Drosophila Virtual Library. ... Drosophila melanogaster has been a model organism for genetic studies for more than 100 years and continues to be widely used ... The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been a model organism for developmental biology research for more than a century [1 ...

https://www.leica-microsystems.com/science-lab/work-more-efficiently-in-developmental-biology-with-stereo-microscopy-fruit-flies-drosophila-melanogaster/

Quantitative Biology Seminar , Quantitative Manipulations of the Cell Cycle in Vivo in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster , ... Quantitative Biology Seminar , Quantitative Manipulations of the Cell Cycle in Vivo in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster , ... Quantitative Biology Seminar , Quantitative Manipulations of the Cell Cycle in Vivo in the Fruit Fly Drosophila Melanogaster , ...

https://lsa.umich.edu/physics/news-events/all-events/archived-events/quantitative-biology-seminars/2011-quantitative-biology-seminars-/quantitative-biology-seminar-br--quantitative-manipulations-of-t.html

... bottom-up and top-down mass spectrometry analyses of the pattern of post-translational modifications of Drosophila melanogaster ...

https://www.irbbarcelona.org/en/about-us/publications/combined-bottom-and-top-down-mass-spectrometry-analyses-pattern-post

Here, we show that a major modification of H2B in Drosophila melanogaster is the methylation of the N-terminal proline, which ...

https://cipsm.de/publications/research-area-d/developmental-regulation-of-n-terminal-h2b-methylation-in-drosophila-melanogaster/

Results for Drosophila melanogaster. Publications & Outputs. *. Testing Sulforaphane for chemoprevention against ageing and ... Insulin/IGF-like signalling and brain ageing in Drosophila melanogaster. Wang, Y., 2019, Lancaster University. 122 p.. Research ... Excitatory and inhibitory switches for courtship in the brain of Drosophila melanogaster. Broughton, S. J., Kitamoto, T. & ... Drosophila melanogaster NEP2 is a new soluble member of the neprilysin family of endopeptidases with implications for ...

https://www.research.lancs.ac.uk/portal/en/browse.html?from=publications&word=Drosophila%20melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is the most studied organism in biological research, particularly in genetics and developmental biology. (bionity.com)
Introduction: The Drosophila melanogaster, otherwise known as the common fruit fly has been a useful organism to the field of genetics. (cram.com)
Drosophila melanogaster has been a model organism for genetic studies for more than 100 years and continues to be widely used today for developmental biological research in the areas of genetics, physiology, pathogenesis, and evolution [1, 2]. (leica-microsystems.com)

Introduction When analyzing biological processes and development, Drosophila melanogaster is an ideal organism to utilize. (cram.com)
The simple but revolutionary organism Drosophila melanogaster has intricate properties that are studied to find its relations with human genes. (cram.com)
Not only is D. melanogaster a model organism for its rapid growth, inexpensive culturing, and easy modifications, the Drosophila can provide more in-depth scientific analysis that can solve human diseases. (cram.com)
The model organism D. melanogaster is studied to find ground-breaking research in neurology, sleep, cancer, and drug discovery. (cram.com)
Drosophila melanogaster is a widely used genetic model organism in developmental biology. (uni-koeln.de)
The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, has been a model organism for developmental biology research for more than a century. (leica-microsystems.com)
We attempted to identify these genes in a model organism by arbitrarily misexpressing specific genes in adult Drosophila melanogaster , using 14,133 Gene Search lines. (biomedcentral.com)

During mating, male D. melanogaster transfer a complex mixture of accessory gland derived peptides and proteins together with sperm into the female reproductive tract. (biomedcentral.com)
We have employed in situ hybridization to study the expression patterns of the Drosophila SLC12 proteins during embryonic development. (omicsdi.org)
In parallel studies, we have carried out transport assays on each of the five Drosophila homologues, expressed as recombinant proteins in the cultured insect cell line High Five. (omicsdi.org)
Drosophila melanogaster porcupine and its mouse homologue PORCN gene encode transmembrane bound endoplasmic reticulum proteins needed for the secretion of Wnt (Wingless and INT-1) proteins. (medscape.com)

The D. melanogaster lifespan is about 30 days at 29 °C (84 °F). (bionity.com)
Lifespan and ROS levels in different Drosophila melanogaster strains after 24 h hypoxia exposure. (cam.ac.uk)
During recent decades, model organisms such as Drosophila melanogaster have made it possible to study the effects of different environmental oxygen conditions on lifespan and oxidative stress. (cam.ac.uk)
These results should be used to further standardize future Drosophila research models designed to investigate genes and pathways that may be involved in lifespan and/or ROS, as well as comparative studies on specific mutant strains. (cam.ac.uk)
The study assessed male w 1118 Drosophila melanogaster which were provided food supplemented with Yoba ® at 1%, 3%, 6%, and 12% on motor function, total protein, catalase activity, and hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and lifespan. (biomedcentral.com)
In Drosophila melanogaster dietary protein content has also been found to affect lifespan [ 23 ], and this would be increased following a heavy probiotic diet. (biomedcentral.com)
Furthermore, increased expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase) has not been associated with an extension in lifespan in long-lived but would probably affect short-lived Drosophila melanogaster [ 24 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
In addition, catalase has been associated with an increase in resistance to oxidative stress [ 27 ], while glutathione reductase increases lifespan at increased levels of oxidative stress, demonstrating the importance of antioxidant enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster [ 28 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Bearing in mind that consumption of probiotics has been associated with improved human health [ 9 ], the objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of Yoba ® on motor activity, catalase, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and lifespan in male w 1118 Drosophila melanogaster . (biomedcentral.com)

The model species drosophila melanogaster was used to study the passing of genes from one generation to the next. (cram.com)
The homology of cancer and disease related genes found in both the genomes of D. melanogaster and humans is significant [7, 8]. (leica-microsystems.com)
Evaluation of potential reference genes for reverse transcription-qPCR studies of physiological responses in Drosophila melanogaster[J]. Journal of insect physiology, 2011, 57(6): 840-850. (big.ac.cn)
The short life cycle and the powerful tools for genetic and molecular analysis available in Drosophila make this species an advantageous model for studying the functions of genes associated with various human diseases [ 11 , 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
For example, Drosophila models of Parkinson's disease have provided important insights into the relationships among genes that mediate this disease in humans [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
However, most studies of mutations in Drosophila homologs of human disease genes have focused on developmental defects. (biomedcentral.com)
Since genes that strongly affect physiology and homeostasis when their expression levels are altered could account for the increasing morbidity rate of late-onset diseases in humans, and expression levels can be altered by aging and other stresses, it is worthwhile to examine the impact of changes in gene expression at the adult stage of model organisms such as Drosophila . (biomedcentral.com)
The function of the neurogenic genes of Drosophila melanogaster is required for a normal pattern of commitment of neural and epidermal progenitor cel. (mpg.de)

Drosophila melanogaster (from the Greek for black-bellied dew-lover ) is a two-winged insect that belongs to the Diptera, the order of the flies. (bionity.com)

In Drosophila embryogenesis, increasing either oxygen concentration or temperature accelerates development. (biorxiv.org)
Expression of NEP2, a soluble neprilysin-like endopeptidase, during embryogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. (lancs.ac.uk)
We report here the application of magnetic cell separation in microarray experiment to understand Drosophila gliogenesis during early embryogenesis. (omicsdi.org)

Both chips were capable of significantly reducing the endogenous CNS movement while still allowing the study of sound-stimulated CNS activities of Drosophila 3rd instar larvae using genetically encoded calcium indicator GCaMP5. (rsc.org)
Comparative study of the function of polytene chromosomes in laboratory stocks of Drosophila melanogaster and the l(3)tl mutant (lethal tumorous larvae). (wikidata.org)
Fat body cells from 3rd instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster were dissected, fixed with formalin-acetic acid containing 0.1% Triton-X 100, and squashed on a glass slide. (ucsd.edu)

We assessed genome-wide mRNA, microRNA, and three common histone modifications implicated in gene activation for young and aged virgin and mated female D. melanogaster in a factorial design. (biomedcentral.com)
Here we present a Drosophila melanogaster strain with a V5-epitope tagged Ubx allele, which we employed to obtain a high quality genome-wide map of Ubx binding sites using ChIP-seq. (biorxiv.org)

The developmental period for Drosophila melanogaster varies with temperature, as with many ectothermic species. (bionity.com)
Developmental and functional studies of the SLC12 gene family members from Drosophila melanogaster. (omicsdi.org)

D. melanogaster also produces offspring in a short amount of time (roughly 10 days at 25 degrees Celsius), which makes it a desirable species to use when results are needed in a short amount of time (Jennings 2011). (cram.com)
Drosophila melanogaster , w 1118 stocks originally from National Species Stock Center (Bowling Green, OH, USA) at the Institute of Biomedical Research Laboratory of Kampala International University Western Campus were used as previously described [ 16 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Lillian M. Cosentino University of North Carolina Wilmington Rachel Hanson BIOL 335-204 7 October 2015 Determining mode of inheritance for eyeless mutation in Drosophila melanogaster Abstract: The purpose of this experiment is to determine the mode of inheritance for the eyeless mutation in Drosophila melanogaster, whether it be autosomal or sex-linked. (cram.com)
Drosophila melanogaster: Inheritance Pattern Experiment Kaitlyn Grifka Saginaw Valley State University Abstract The purpose of this experiment was to study a population of Drosophila melanogaster, or more commonly known as the fruit fly. (cram.com)

Female Drosophila melanogaster undergo dramatic physiological changes mediated by seminal fluid components transferred upon mating, including decreased longevity. (biomedcentral.com)
Our results implicate microRNAs as mediators of phenotypic plasticity associated with mating and provide a comprehensive documentation of the genomic and epigenomic changes that accompany mating- and aging-induced physiological changes in female D. melanogaster . (biomedcentral.com)
Yoba consumed at 1% was associated with greater physiological benefits in Drosophila melanogaster . (biomedcentral.com)
In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the circadian egg-laying rhythm in D. melanogaster, and the possible molecular and physiological mechanisms that control the rhythmic output of the egg-laying process. (who.int)

High Voltage (1MeV) TEM image of a 'thick' section of polytene chromosome from salivary gland of 3rd instar larva of Drosophila melanogaster showing the band-interband organization. (ucsd.edu)
High Voltage (1MeV) TEM image of a squash preparation of polytene chromosomes from salivary gland of 3rd instar larva of Drosophila melanogaster showing the band-interband organization. (ucsd.edu)

The recommended citation when using these images is: "We used the Drosophila Kc167 1 image set (Carpenter, et al. (cellimagelibrary.org)

Sequence finishing and mapping of Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin. (genscript.com)

There are several types of stereo microscopes available from Leica Microsystems which can be used with fruit flies, usually D. melanogaster, for fly pushing, notably the Leica M50, Leica M60, and Leica M80 CMO (common main objective) stereo microscopes [11]. (leica-microsystems.com)
Pitnick, S , Dobler, R & Hosken, DJ 2009, ' Sperm length is not influenced by haploid gene expression in the flies Drosophila melanogaster and Scathophaga stercoraria ', Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences , vol. 276, no. 1675, pp. 4029-4034. (syr.edu)
Hosken, David J. / Sperm length is not influenced by haploid gene expression in the flies Drosophila melanogaster and Scathophaga stercoraria . (syr.edu)

Here, I use the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model to identify such molecules and neurons. (escholarship.org)
In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, females actively attract conspecifics to lay eggs on the same resources, generating groups in which individuals may cooperate or compete. (rug.nl)
We use the mating behavior of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster as a model. (janelia.org)
The aim of this programme is to re-introduce the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster into school and college biology lessons. (biologists.com)
By demonstrating to school pupils the potential scope of fruit fly research, it enhances the chance that those who choose to study the life sciences at university, will have more of an appreciation for the impact of Drosophila research on modern science, and be keen to explore the field themselves. (biologists.com)
The Screamer 2020" resembles a screaming cartoon character (possibly a good depiction of how many felt about 2020), but is actually a detailed, high magnification image showing firing between boutons in a Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) sample. (labbulletin.com)

Compared to other organisms, the functions of D. melanogaster are easier to manipulate due to its quick sedation time from carbon dioxide. (cram.com)
Drosophila Tudor, the founder of the Tudor domain family, contains 11 Tudor domains and is a component of polar granules and nuage, electron-dense organelles characteristic of the germline in many organisms, including mammals. (biologists.com)

Remarkable progress has recently been made in our knowledge of the molecular and cellular basis of chemosensory perception in insects, based largely on studies in the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. (nih.gov)
A long-standing enigma concerns the geographic and ecological origins of the intensively studied vinegar fly, Drosophila melanogaster. (lu.se)

Here we review the past decade of intensive research since the discovery of the first insect olfactory receptors in 1999, focusing on the molecules and cells that underly peripheral olfactory perception in Drosophila. (nih.gov)
Five different samples of Drosophila melanogaster Kc167 cells were stained with Hoechst 33342, a DNA stain. (cellimagelibrary.org)
Autoradiographic localization of 3 H- -ecdysone in salivary gland cells of Drosophila virilis. (wikidata.org)

In a replicated, laboratory, natural selection experiment Drosophila melanogaster populations were maintained for 20 generations either on unpolluted medium or on polluted medium containing cadmium chloride at a concentration of 80 μg/ml. (reading.ac.uk)
By quantifying within-male variation in sperm length using crosses between males and females from populations that had been subjected to divergent experimental selection, we demonstrate that haploid gene expression does not contribute to variation in sperm length in both Drosophila melanogaster and Scathophaga stercoraria. (syr.edu)
Phenotypic and genetic variability of morphometrical traits in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster and D simulans. (gse-journal.org)

I find that a group of four neurons regulates both food and water ingestion in Drosophila, and that they accomplish this by co-expression of molecules that confer on them sensitivity to internal signals of both hunger and thirst. (escholarship.org)
In the first part of this dissertation (chapter 2), I describe the discovery of a novel group of neurons in the Drosophila brain, and show that they are regulators of both food and water ingestion. (escholarship.org)

The day began with a tour of the fly facility, a short activity using microscopes to identify common phenotypic markers used in Drosophila research, and an introduction to the droso4schools programme by academic lead Professor Andreas Prokop, and long-time collaborator Dr Catherine Alnuamaani, a teacher and keen Drosophila advocate from Trinity CoE High School , Manchester. (biologists.com)

Drosophila mutants for the Rab11 gene are not viable, where lethality manifests during embryonic development. (brocku.ca)

Localization of ecdysterone on polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. (wikidata.org)
Patterns of puffing activity in the salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila. (wikidata.org)
The puffs of salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophilia melanogaster. (wikidata.org)

In our lab, we are mapping the wiring diagram, with synaptic resolution, of the complete nervous system of the larval Drosophila . (janelia.org)

Possible problems with this approach are revealed by using a method for direct monitoring of D. melanogaster feeding behavior. (caltech.edu)
Feeding behavior thus emerges as a central element in D. melanogaster aging. (caltech.edu)

Whole mount squash of Drosophila polytene chromosome viewed with high voltage EM showing a series of bands and interbands. (ucsd.edu)

Using the Drosophila embryo as a model system, these tools were applied to directly determine the effects of Rab11 inhibition on Notch signaling, and to determine the mechanisms that govern Rab11 trafficking. (brocku.ca)

Our lab-on-chip devices can not only aid further studies of Drosophila larva's auditory responses but can be also adopted for functional imaging of CNS activities in response to other sensory cues. (rsc.org)
Here, we utilized next generation sequencing technology to assess the plastic responses of mRNAs, miRNAs and three major histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, and H3K9ac) to mating and aging in D. melanogaster females, in a factorial design. (biomedcentral.com)

However, many studies have often yielded controversial results usually assigned to variations in Drosophila genetic background and differences in study design. (cam.ac.uk)
We observed that the genetic background is a relevant factor involved in D. melanogaster longevity and ROS levels. (cam.ac.uk)
The results of a comprehensive genetic and cytogenetic analysis of the nature and frequency of inherited locus specific mutations induced by 60 Co γ-radiation and 0.85 MeV neutrons in mature sperms of Drosophila melanogaster males are presented and discussed. (jinr.ru)
We use molecular genetic techniques to study the function of neural circuits in Drosophila. (janelia.org)

For example, Waddington showed that a high temperature-induced plastic phenotype, crossveins in Drosophila wings, can become fixed, or assimilated, within 20 generations of artificial selection, reducing plasticity and the environmental responsiveness of a trait 25 . (digitalmarylandnews.com)
The Drosophila melanogaster Hox factor Ultrabithorax (Ubx) directs the development of thoracic and abdominal segments and appendages, and loss of Ubx function can lead for example to the transformation of third thoracic segment appendages (e.g. halters) into second thoracic segment appendages (e.g. wings), resulting in a characteristic four-wing phenotype. (biorxiv.org)

In nature, different neuronal subgroups in the brain of D. melanogaster have been demonstrated to control different circadian behavioural rhythms or different aspects of the same circadian rhythm. (who.int)

Thus, the goal was to engineer a novel method of inhibiting Rab11 in vivo in Drosophila melanogaster. (brocku.ca)
The Fetter lab is interested in developing tools and techniques to faithfully preserve the in vivo biological structure and maximize information content at nanometer resolution for the next generation of Drosophila EM connectomes. (janelia.org)

Drosophila melanogaster cystathionine beta-synthase, transcript variant A (Cbs), mRNA. (genscript.com)

In Drosophila melanogaster , the PORCN gene is involved in the processing of the wingless protein. (medscape.com)
Extracellular matrix protein N-glycosylation mediates immune self-tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster . (bvsalud.org)
Motility Screen Identifies Drosophila IGF-II mRNA-Binding Protein-Zipcode-Binding Protein Acting in Oogenesis and Synaptogenesis. (ens.fr)

In D. melanogaster, a prominent model for research on the interaction between nutrition and longevity, dietary restriction is typically based on medium dilution, with possible compensatory ingestion commonly being neglected. (caltech.edu)

We studied the role of sumoylation during Drosophila development by using RNAi to reduce smt3 mRNA levels in specific tissues. (biologists.com)
Here, we show that a major modification of H2B in Drosophila melanogaster is the methylation of the N-terminal proline, which increases during fly development. (cipsm.de)
A core transcriptional network for early mesoderm development in Drosophila melanogaster. (omicsdi.org)
Here, we report the characteristics of the regulatory network orchestrating early mesodermal development in the fruitfly Drosophila, where the transcription factor Twist is both necessary and sufficient to drive development. (omicsdi.org)
Twist targets almost 25% of all annotated Drosophila transcription factors, which may represent the entire set of regulators necessary for the early development of this system. (omicsdi.org)

The myofibrils in Drosophila have thick and thin types of myofilaments arranged in the hexagonal pattern described for Calliphora by Huxley and Hanson (15). (rupress.org)

Title : Drosophila melanogaster Sexual Inheritance Patterns Introduction: This experiment determines sexual inheritance patterns amongst drosophila melanogaster. (cram.com)

Our findings add context to the history of D. melanogaster, while opening the door for future studies on the biological basis of adaptation to human environments. (lu.se)

PREdictor a tool for the prediction of Polycomb/Trithorax response elements (PREs/TREs) in Drosophila melanogaster. (uni-bielefeld.de)

In Drosophila melanogaster, many studies have shown that the basic architecture of circadian clocks is multi-oscillatory. (who.int)
Among the circadian phenomena that have been studied so far in Drosophila, the egg-laying rhythm is unique, and relatively less explored. (who.int)

Gene Model Annotations for Drosophila melanogaster: Impact of High-Throughput Data. (genscript.com)
Gene Model Annotations for Drosophila melanogaster: The Rule-Benders. (genscript.com)

Anatomy45

Organisms14

Diseases3

Chemicals and Drugs59

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Psychiatry and Psychology5

Phenomena and Processes116

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science4

Health Care3

A quantitative three-dimensional model of the Drosophila optic lobes. (1/16925)

Alzheimer's disease: clues from flies and worms. (2/16925)

Insect evolution: Redesigning the fruitfly. (3/16925)

Deletion analysis of the Drosophila Inscuteable protein reveals domains for cortical localization and asymmetric localization. (4/16925)

Why are there so few resistance-associated mutations in insecticide target genes? (5/16925)

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases and insecticide resistance in insects. (6/16925)

Control of growth and differentiation by Drosophila RasGAP, a homolog of p120 Ras-GTPase-activating protein. (7/16925)

A human sequence homologue of Staufen is an RNA-binding protein that is associated with polysomes and localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (8/16925)

Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila

Drosophila Proteins

Genes, Insect

Larva

Animals, Genetically Modified

Insect Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Mutation

Genome, Insect

Genes, Lethal

Wing

Crosses, Genetic

Base Sequence

Pupa

Insect Hormones

Amino Acid Sequence

Embryo, Nonmammalian

Phenotype

Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental

Chromosomes

DNA Transposable Elements

X Chromosome

Chromosome Mapping

Eye Color

Chromosomes, Insect

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Cloning, Molecular

Malpighian Tubules

Transcription Factors

Evolution, Molecular

Alleles

Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate

Heterochromatin

Oogenesis

Sexual Behavior, Animal

Eye

Ecdysone

DNA

Species Specificity

Fertility

Genetic Variation

Transcription, Genetic

Selection, Genetic

Longevity

Metamorphosis, Biological

Ecdysterone

Models, Genetic

Sequence Alignment

Sex Chromosomes

DNA-Binding Proteins

Courtship

Blastoderm

Fat Body

Genes

Retroelements

Salivary Glands

Body Patterning

Phylogeny

In Situ Hybridization

Y Chromosome

Flight, Animal

Nuclear Proteins

Morphogenesis

Biological Evolution

Sense Organs

Conserved Sequence

RNA Interference

Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Genetic Complementation Test

Multigene Family

Transgenes

Homeodomain Proteins

Chromosome Inversion

Alcohol Dehydrogenase

Recombination, Genetic

Restriction Mapping

Ethyl Methanesulfonate

Genome

RNA, Messenger