Drosophila
Drosophila Proteins
Drosophila melanogaster
Animals, Genetically Modified
Larva
Embryo, Nonmammalian
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Mutation
Photoreceptor Cells, Invertebrate
Insect Hormones
Amino Acid Sequence
Transcription Factors
Base Sequence
Eye
Phenotype
Body Patterning
The processes occurring in early development that direct morphogenesis. They specify the body plan ensuring that cells will proceed to differentiate, grow, and diversify in size and shape at the correct relative positions. Included are axial patterning, segmentation, compartment specification, limb position, organ boundary patterning, blood vessel patterning, etc.
Oogenesis
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Genes, Lethal
Genes whose loss of function or gain of function MUTATION leads to the death of the carrier prior to maturity. They may be essential genes (GENES, ESSENTIAL) required for viability, or genes which cause a block of function of an essential gene at a time when the essential gene function is required for viability.
Crosses, Genetic
Morphogenesis
Wnt1 Protein
DNA-Binding Proteins
Homeodomain Proteins
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Cloning, Molecular
Mushroom Bodies
Nuclear Proteins
Blastoderm
Chromosomes
Chromosome Mapping
Metamorphosis, Biological
In Situ Hybridization
Receptors, Notch
A family of conserved cell surface receptors that contain EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR repeats in their extracellular domain and ANKYRIN repeats in their cytoplasmic domains. The cytoplasmic domain of notch receptors is released upon ligand binding and translocates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it acts as transcription factor.
Nervous System
Genes, Homeobox
Genes that encode highly conserved TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS that control positional identity of cells (BODY PATTERNING) and MORPHOGENESIS throughout development. Their sequences contain a 180 nucleotide sequence designated the homeobox, so called because mutations of these genes often results in homeotic transformations, in which one body structure replaces another. The proteins encoded by homeobox genes are called HOMEODOMAIN PROTEINS.
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
X Chromosome
RNA Interference
A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.
Evolution, Molecular
Alleles
Transcription, Genetic
Repressor Proteins
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Membrane Proteins
Conserved Sequence
Armadillo Domain Proteins
A family of proteins that contain several 42-amino acid repeat domains and are homologous to the Drosophila armadillo protein. They bind to other proteins through their armadillo domains and play a variety of roles in the CELL including SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION, regulation of DESMOSOME assembly, and CELL ADHESION.
Optic Lobe, Nonmammalian
Models, Genetic
Central Nervous System
Malpighian Tubules
Salivary Glands
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Imaginal Discs
Compound Eye, Arthropod
Models, Biological
Ecdysterone
DNA, Complementary
Heterochromatin
Biological Evolution
Fertility
Gene Expression
Cell Polarity
Neurons
Neuropeptides
Ovary
The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.
Juvenile Hormones
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Protein Binding
Protein Structure, Tertiary
The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Retroelements
Elements that are transcribed into RNA, reverse-transcribed into DNA and then inserted into a new site in the genome. Long terminal repeats (LTRs) similar to those from retroviruses are contained in retrotransposons and retrovirus-like elements. Retroposons, such as LONG INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS and SHORT INTERSPERSED NUCLEOTIDE ELEMENTS do not contain LTRs.
Mutagenesis
Mitosis
DNA Primers
Selection, Genetic
Mosaicism
Antennapedia Homeodomain Protein
Green Fluorescent Proteins
Thorax
Dosage Compensation, Genetic
Genetic mechanisms that allow GENES to be expressed at a similar level irrespective of their GENE DOSAGE. This term is usually used in discussing genes that lie on the SEX CHROMOSOMES. Because the sex chromosomes are only partially homologous, there is a different copy number, i.e., dosage, of these genes in males vs. females. In DROSOPHILA, dosage compensation is accomplished by hypertranscription of genes located on the X CHROMOSOME. In mammals, dosage compensation of X chromosome genes is accomplished by random X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION of one of the two X chromosomes in the female.
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors
Binding Sites
Genetic Complementation Test
Restriction Mapping
Immunohistochemistry
Frizzled Receptors
A family of seven-pass transmembrane cell-surface proteins that combines with LOW DENSITY LIPROTEIN RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN-5 or LOW DENSITY LIPROTEIN RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN-5 to form receptors for WNT PROTEINS. Frizzled receptors often couple with HETEROTRIMERIC G PROTEINS and regulate the WNT SIGNALING PATHWAY.
Trans-Activators
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Genome
Cell Differentiation
Hedgehog Proteins
Chromosome Inversion
Period Circadian Proteins
Polytene Chromosomes
Y Chromosome
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Head
Zinc Fingers
Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.
Polycomb Repressive Complex 1
Sex Chromosomes
The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Meiosis
Epistasis, Genetic
A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.
Oocytes
Embryonic Structures
Alcohol Dehydrogenase
Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone
Circadian Rhythm
Fushi Tarazu Transcription Factors
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Recombination, Genetic
Introns
Neuropil
Janus Kinases
A family of intracellular tyrosine kinases that participate in the signaling cascade of cytokines by associating with specific CYTOKINE RECEPTORS. They act upon STAT TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS in signaling pathway referred to as the JAK/STAT pathway. The name Janus kinase refers to the fact the proteins have two phosphate-transferring domains.
Carrier Proteins
Euchromatin
Chromatin
Ethyl Methanesulfonate
Genes, Reporter
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases
Cell Lineage
Microtubules
STAT Transcription Factors
A family of transcription factors containing SH2 DOMAINS that are involved in CYTOKINE-mediated SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. STAT transcription factors are recruited to the cytoplasmic region of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and are activated via PHOSPHORYLATION. Once activated they dimerize and translocate into the CELL NUCLEUS where they influence GENE expression. They play a role in regulating CELL GROWTH PROCESSES and CELL DIFFERENTIATION. STAT transcription factors are inhibited by SUPPRESSOR OF CYTOKINE SIGNALING PROTEINS and PROTEIN INHIBITORS OF ACTIVATED STAT.
Transformation, Genetic
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.
RNA-Induced Silencing Complex
A multicomponent, ribonucleoprotein complex comprised of one of the family of ARGONAUTE PROTEINS and the "guide strand" of the one of the 20- to 30-nucleotide small RNAs. RISC cleaves specific RNAs, which are targeted for degradation by homology to these small RNAs. Functions in regulating gene expression are determined by the specific argonaute protein and small RNA including siRNA (RNA, SMALL INTERFERING), miRNA (MICRORNA), or piRNA (PIWI-INTERACTING RNA).
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Vertebrates
Microscopy, Fluorescence
Peripheral Nervous System
The nervous system outside of the brain and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system has autonomic and somatic divisions. The autonomic nervous system includes the enteric, parasympathetic, and sympathetic subdivisions. The somatic nervous system includes the cranial and spinal nerves and their ganglia and the peripheral sensory receptors.
Tribolium
Olfactory Pathways
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Mesoderm
Alternative Splicing
A process whereby multiple RNA transcripts are generated from a single gene. Alternative splicing involves the splicing together of other possible sets of EXONS during the processing of some, but not all, transcripts of the gene. Thus a particular exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form a mature RNA. The alternative forms of mature MESSENGER RNA produce PROTEIN ISOFORMS in which one part of the isoforms is common while the other parts are different.
Hybridization, Genetic
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Odors
Genes, Dominant
Animal Structures
Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Proteins and peptides that are involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION within the cell. Included here are peptides and proteins that regulate the activity of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS and cellular processes in response to signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. Intracellular signaling peptide and proteins may be part of an enzymatic signaling cascade or act through binding to and modifying the action of other signaling factors.
Blotting, Northern
Suppression, Genetic
Mutation process that restores the wild-type PHENOTYPE in an organism possessing a mutationally altered GENOTYPE. The second "suppressor" mutation may be on a different gene, on the same gene but located at a distance from the site of the primary mutation, or in extrachromosomal genes (EXTRACHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE).
Protein Isoforms
Stem Cells
Neuroglia
The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.
Dopa Decarboxylase
Histones
Spermatogenesis
Ecdysteroids
Spermatocytes
Wolbachia
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
Cytoplasm
Temperature
Spindle Apparatus
Organ Specificity
Diptera
An order of the class Insecta. Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. The order includes the families Calliphoridae, Oestridae, Phoridae, SARCOPHAGIDAE, Scatophagidae, Sciaridae, SIMULIIDAE, Tabanidae, Therevidae, Trypetidae, CERATOPOGONIDAE; CHIRONOMIDAE; CULICIDAE; DROSOPHILIDAE; GLOSSINIDAE; MUSCIDAE; TEPHRITIDAE; and PSYCHODIDAE. The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA).
Microscopy, Confocal
Caenorhabditis elegans
Assaying potential carcinogens with Drosophila. (1/15687)
Drosophila offers many advantages for the detection of mutagenic activity of carcinogenic agents. It provides the quickest assay system for detecting mutations in animals today. Its generation time is short, and Drosophila is cheap and easy to breed in large numbers. The simple genetic testing methods give unequivocal answers about the whole spectrum of relevant genetic damage. A comparison of the detection capacity of assays sampling different kinds of genetic damage revealed that various substances are highly effective in inducing mutations but do not produce chromosome breakage effects at all, or only at much higher concentrations than those required for mutation induction. Of the different assay systems available, the classical sex-linked recessive lethal test deserves priority, in view of its superior capacity to detect mutagens. Of practical importance is also its high sensitivity, because a large number of loci in one fifth of the genome is tested for newly induced forward mutations, including small deletions. The recent findings that Drosophila is capable of carrying out the same metabolic activation reactions as the mammalian liver makes the organism eminently suitable for verifying results obtained in prescreening with fast microbial assay systems. An additional advantage in this respect is the capacity of Drosophila for detecting short-lived activation products, because intracellular metabolic activation appears to occur within the spermatids and spermatocytes. (+info)Enzymes and reproduction in natural populations of Drosophila euronotus. (2/15687)
Populations of Drosophila euronotus, one from southern Louisiana )3 samples), and one from Missouri (2 samples), were classified for allele frequencies at alkaline phosphatase (APH) and acid phosphatase (ACPH) loci. The two populations differed consistently in allele frequencies at both loci. The APH locus is on the inversion-free X chromosome; the chromosomal locus of the autosomal ACPH is unknown, and could involve inversion polymorphism. Wild females from Missouri and Louisiana populations heterozygous at the APH locus carried more sperm at capture than did the corresponding homozygotes. This heterotic association was significant for the combined samples, and whether it was the result of heterosis at the enzyme locus studied, or due to geographically widespread close linkage with other heterotic loci, it should help to maintain heterozygosity at the APH locus. In a Louisiana collection which included large numbers of sperm-free females, simultaneous homozygosity at both enzyme loci was significantly associated with lack of sperm. It is suggested that the latter association is the result of young heterozygous females achieving sexual maturity earlier than do the double homozygotes. The average effective sperm load for 225 wild females was only 29.4, suggesting the necessity for frequent repeat-mating in nature to maintain female fertility. A comparison of the sex-linked APH genotypes of wild females with those of their daughters indicated that among 295 wild-inseminated females from five populations, 35% had mated more than once, and of this 35%, six females had mated at least three times. Because of ascertainment difficulties, it is clear that the true frequency of multiple-mating in nature must have been much higher than the observed 35%. Laboratory studies indicate that multiple-mating in this species does not involve sperm displacement, possibly due to the small number of sperms transmitted per mating, and the fact that the sperm receptacles are only partially filled by a given mating. (+info)Lack of genic similarity between two sibling species of drosophila as revealed by varied techniques. (3/15687)
Acrylamide gel electrophoresis was performed on the enzyme xanthine dehydrogenase in sixty isochromosomal lines of Drosophila persimilis from three geographic populations. Sequential electrophoretic analysis using varied gel concentrations and buffers revealed twenty-three alleles in this species where only five had been described previously. These new electrophoretic techniques also detected a profound increase in divergence of gene frequencies at this locus between D. persimilis and its sibling species D. pseudoobscura. The implications of these results for questions of speciation and the maintenance of genetic variability are discussed. (+info)Genetic heterogeneity within electrophoretic "alleles" of xanthine dehydrogenase in Drosophila pseudoobscura. (4/15687)
An experimental plan for an exhaustive determination of genic variation at structural gene loci is presented. In the initial steps of this program, 146 isochromosomal lines from 12 geographic populations of D. pseudoobscura were examined for allelic variation of xanthine dehydrogenase by the serial use of 4 different electrophoretic conditions and a head stability test. The 5 criteria revealed a total of 37 allelic classes out of the 146 genomes examined where only 6 had been previously revealed by the usual method of gel electrophoresis. This immense increase in genic variation also showed previously unsuspected population differences between the main part of the species distribution and the isolated population of Bogota population. The average heterozygosity at the Xdh locus is at least 72% in natural populations. This result, together with the very large number of alleles segregating and the pattern of allelic frequencies, has implications for theories of genetic polymorphism which are discussed. (+info)Testing for selective neutrality of electrophoretically detectable protein polymorphisms. (5/15687)
The statistical assessment of gene-frequency data on protein polymorphisms in natural populations remains a contentious issue. Here we formulate a test of whether polymorphisms detected by electrophoresis are in accordance with the stepwise, or charge-state, model of mutation in finite populations in the absence of selection. First, estimates of the model parameters are derived by minimizing chi-square deviations of the observed frequencies of genotypes with alleles (0,1,2...) units apart from their theoretical expected values. Then the remaining deviation is tested under the null hypothesis of neutrality. The procedure was found to be conservative for false rejections in simulation data. We applied the test to Ayala and Tracey 's data on 27 allozymic loci in six populations of Drosophila willistoni . About one-quarter of polymorphic loci showed significant departure from the neutral theory predictions in virtually all populations. A further quarter showed significant departure in some populations. The remaining data showed an acceptable fit to the charge state model. A predominating mode of selection was selection against alleles associated with extreme electrophoretic mobilities. The advantageous properties and the difficulties of the procedure are discussed. (+info)Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (6/15687)
The product of the oskar gene directs posterior patterning in the Drosophila oocyte, where it must be deployed specifically at the posterior pole. Proper expression relies on the coordinated localization and translational control of the oskar mRNA. Translational repression prior to localization of the transcript is mediated, in part, by the Bruno protein, which binds to discrete sites in the 3' untranslated region of the oskar mRNA. To begin to understand how Bruno acts in translational repression, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify Bruno-interacting proteins. One interactor, described here, is the product of the apontic gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments lend biochemical support to the idea that Bruno and Apontic proteins physically interact in Drosophila. Genetic experiments using mutants defective in apontic and bruno reveal a functional interaction between these genes. Given this interaction, Apontic is likely to act together with Bruno in translational repression of oskar mRNA. Interestingly, Apontic, like Bruno, is an RNA-binding protein and specifically binds certain regions of the oskar mRNA 3' untranslated region. (+info)The Drosophila kismet gene is related to chromatin-remodeling factors and is required for both segmentation and segment identity. (7/15687)
The Drosophila kismet gene was identified in a screen for dominant suppressors of Polycomb, a repressor of homeotic genes. Here we show that kismet mutations suppress the Polycomb mutant phenotype by blocking the ectopic transcription of homeotic genes. Loss of zygotic kismet function causes homeotic transformations similar to those associated with loss-of-function mutations in the homeotic genes Sex combs reduced and Abdominal-B. kismet is also required for proper larval body segmentation. Loss of maternal kismet function causes segmentation defects similar to those caused by mutations in the pair-rule gene even-skipped. The kismet gene encodes several large nuclear proteins that are ubiquitously expressed along the anterior-posterior axis. The Kismet proteins contain a domain conserved in the trithorax group protein Brahma and related chromatin-remodeling factors, providing further evidence that alterations in chromatin structure are required to maintain the spatially restricted patterns of homeotic gene transcription. (+info)Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (8/15687)
Early developmental patterning of the Drosophila embryo is driven by the activities of a diverse set of maternally and zygotically derived transcription factors, including repressors encoded by gap genes such as Kruppel, knirps, giant and the mesoderm-specific snail. The mechanism of repression by gap transcription factors is not well understood at a molecular level. Initial characterization of these transcription factors suggests that they act as short-range repressors, interfering with the activity of enhancer or promoter elements 50 to 100 bp away. To better understand the molecular mechanism of short-range repression, we have investigated the properties of the Giant gap protein. We tested the ability of endogenous Giant to repress when bound close to the transcriptional initiation site and found that Giant effectively represses a heterologous promoter when binding sites are located at -55 bp with respect to the start of transcription. Consistent with its role as a short-range repressor, as the binding sites are moved to more distal locations, repression is diminished. Rather than exhibiting a sharp 'step-function' drop-off in activity, however, repression is progressively restricted to areas of highest Giant concentration. Less than a two-fold difference in Giant protein concentration is sufficient to determine a change in transcriptional status of a target gene. This effect demonstrates that Giant protein gradients can be differentially interpreted by target promoters, depending on the exact location of the Giant binding sites within the gene. Thus, in addition to binding site affinity and number, cis element positioning within a promoter can affect the response of a gene to a repressor gradient. We also demonstrate that a chimeric Gal4-Giant protein lacking the basic/zipper domain can specifically repress reporter genes, suggesting that the Giant effector domain is an autonomous repression domain. (+info)
Analysis of phenotypes altered by temperature stress and hipermutability in Drosophila willistoni
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SpottedWingFlyBase - The Spotted Wing Drosophila Project
Evolution of the LINE-like I element in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup<...
Laminin in the male germ cells of Drosophila. | JCB
Antibody For Drosophila Hemocytes - World of Odes
Domain combinations for 54236,47031,50729, gap superfamilies in Drosophila mojavensis 1.3
The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster
Chromosomal polymorphism in urban populations of Drosophila paulistorum
The initiation of pair-rule stripes in the Drosophila blastoderm<...
Characterization of K+ currents and the cAMP-dependent modulation in cultured Drosophila mushroom body neurons identified by...
Transcription Profiling of Cell Death in Drosophila Melanogaster
A putative Drosophila homolog of the Huntingtons disease gene
The M/SAR elements of the bithorax complex in Drosophila melanogaster<...
Vienna Drosophila Resource Center :: Forschungsinfrastruktur
Biochemical phylogeny of the eight species in the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup, including D. sechellia and D. orena. -...
Interactive Fly, Drosophila
Drosophila - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cloning, heterologous expression and developmental regulation of a Drosophila receptor for tachykinin-like peptides<...
Localization of transcripts from the wingless gene in whole Drosophila embryos<...
The neurogenic genes in Drosophila oogenesis
Nobel Laureate Jules Hoffmann kicks off Annual Drosophila Research Conference
Investigating the potential of neurodegenerative disease models in larval Drosophila melanogaster (PhD) | Doctoral Training...
View source for FlyBase:Drosophila Online Resources - FlyBase Wiki
Drosophila melanogaster: a fly through its history and current use | Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
Daughterless is required for Drosophila photoreceptor cell determination, eye morphogenesis, and cell cycle progression -...
Cloning and characterization of a calcium channel alpha 1 subunit from Drosophila melanogaster with similarity to the rat brain...
Thirty-one flavors of Drosophila rab proteins. • Neurobiologie • Fachbereich Biologie, Chemie, Pharmazie
Join As JRF For Genome Sequencing Project of Drosophila @ University of Mysore - BioTecNika
Signaling mechanisms in induction of the R7 photoreceptor in the developing Drosophila retina<...
Drosophila nikananu - Wikipedia baso Minang
Drosophila paratarsata - Wikipedia baso Minang
Drosophila in cancer researchan expanding role<...
Embryology
Main article: Drosophila embryogenesis. Drosophila melanogaster, a fruit fly, is a model organism in biology on which much ... Warn, RM (1986). "The cytoskeleton of the early Drosophila embryo". Journal of Cell Science. Supplement. 5: 311-28. PMID ... In Drosophila, each stripe (segment) is subdivided into anterior and posterior halves. The posterior half of one segment and ... Drosophila melanogaster larvae contained in lab apparatus to be used for experiments in genetics and embryology ...
Mutationism
Morgan's small Mendelian genes in Drosophila, 1912[edit]. Thomas Hunt Morgan's work on Drosophila melanogaster found many small ... By 1912, after years of work on the genetics of Drosophila fruit flies, Thomas Hunt Morgan showed that these animals had many ... 3.4 Morgan's small Mendelian genes in Drosophila, 1912. *3.5 Muller's balanced lethal explanation of Oenothera "mutations", ... He compared the behaviour of balanced lethals in Drosophila with De Vries's supposed mutations in Oenothera, showing that they ...
Remote control animal
Drosophila[edit]. Work using Drosophila has dispensed with stimulating electrodes and developed a 3-part remote control system ... that evokes action potentials in pre-specified Drosophila neurons using a laser beam. The central component of the remote ...
Balancing selection
Chromosome polymorphism in Drosophila[edit]. In the 1930s Theodosius Dobzhansky and his co-workers collected Drosophila ... "An altitudinal transect of Drosophila robusta". Evolution 1, 237-48. *^ Dobzhansky T. 1970. Genetics of the evolutionary ...
Pain in invertebrates
Drosophila[edit]. A fly-controlled heat-box has been designed to study operant conditioning in several studies of Drosophila.[ ... Tracey, W.D. Jr; Wilson, R.I.; Laurent, G.; Benzer, S. (2003). "Painless, a Drosophila gene essential for nociception". Cell. ... A Drosophila flight simulator has been used to examine operant conditioning.[93] The flies are tethered in an apparatus that ... Drosophila melanogaster larvae respond to acids[50] and menthol[51] with a stereotyped nociceptive rolling response, identical ...
Neurogenetics
Due to their low-maintenance and highly mapped genomes, mice, Drosophila,[19] and C. elegans[20] are very common. Zebrafish[21] ... His pioneering work with Drosophila helped to elucidate the link between circadian rhythms and genes, which led to further ... Seymour Benzer in his office at Caltech in 1974 with a big model of Drosophila ... "Tools for neuroanatomy and neurogenetics in Drosophila". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States ...
Blebbistatin
Drosophila nonmuscle myosin-2 actin activated ATPase no inhibition[31] Drosophila nonmuscle myosin-2 M466I mutation actin ... Drosophila cardiac tubes heart wall motion 100 μM resulted in full inhibition[32] ... "Kinetic characterization of the sole nonmuscle myosin-2 from the model organism Drosophila melanogaster". FASEB Journal. 29 (4 ... "A Drosophila melanogaster model of diastolic dysfunction and cardiomyopathy based on impaired troponin-T function" ...
Honey bee
When a fertile female worker produces drones, a conflict arises between her interests and those of the queen. The worker shares half her genes with the drone and one-quarter with her brothers, favouring her offspring over those of the queen. The queen shares half her genes with her sons and one-quarter with the sons of fertile female workers.[65] This pits the worker against the queen and other workers, who try to maximize their reproductive fitness by rearing the offspring most related to them. This relationship leads to a phenomenon known as "worker policing". In these rare situations, other worker bees in the hive who are genetically more related to the queen's sons than those of the fertile workers will patrol the hive and remove worker-laid eggs. Another form of worker-based policing is aggression toward fertile females.[66] Some studies have suggested a queen pheromone which may help workers distinguish worker- and queen-laid eggs, but others indicate egg viability as the key factor in ...
Bombyx mori
Eggs take about 14 days to hatch into larvae, which eat continuously. They have a preference for white mulberry, having an attraction to the mulberry odorant cis-jasmone. They are not monophagous since they can eat other species of Morus, as well as some other Moraceae, mostly Osage orange. They are covered with tiny black hairs. When the color of their heads turns darker, it indicates they are about to molt. After molting, the instar phase of the silkworms emerge white, naked, and with little horns on their backs. After they have molted four times, their bodies become slightly yellow and the skin becomes tighter. The larvae then prepare to enter the pupal phase of their lifecycle, and enclose themselves in a cocoon made up of raw silk produced by the salivary glands. The final molt from larva to pupa takes place within the cocoon, which provides a vital layer of protection during the vulnerable, almost motionless pupal state. Many other Lepidoptera produce cocoons, but only a few-the ...
Housefly
The ease of culturing houseflies, and the relative ease of handling them when compared to the fruit fly Drosophila, have made ...
Species complex
Fontdevila A, Pla C, Hasson E, Wasserman M, Sanchez A, Naveira H, Ruiz A (1988). "Drosophila koepferae: a new member of the ... Drosophila serido (Diptera: Drosophilidae) superspecies taxon". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 81 (3): 380-385 ...
Pest (organism)
Animals are called pests when they cause damage to agriculture by feeding on crops or parasitising livestock, such as codling moth on apples, or boll weevil on cotton. An animal could also be a pest when it causes damage to a wild ecosystem or carries germs within human habitats. Examples of these include those organisms which vector human disease, such as rats and fleas which carry the plague disease, mosquitoes which vector malaria, and ticks which carry Lyme disease. A species can be a pest in one setting but beneficial or domesticated in another (for example, European rabbits introduced to Australia caused ecological damage beyond the scale they inflicted in their natural habitat). Many weeds are also seen as useful under certain conditions, for instance Patterson's curse is often valued as food for honeybees and as a wildflower, even though it can poison livestock. The term "plant pest" has a specific definition in terms of the International Plant Protection Convention and phytosanitary ...
Moth
Some moths, particularly their caterpillars, can be major agricultural pests in many parts of the world. Examples include corn borers and bollworms.[5] The caterpillar of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) causes severe damage to forests in the northeastern United States, where it is an invasive species. In temperate climates, the codling moth causes extensive damage, especially to fruit farms. In tropical and subtropical climates, the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) is perhaps the most serious pest of brassicaceous crops. Also in sub-Saharan Africa, the African sugarcane borer is a major pest of sugarcane, maize, and sorghum.[6] Several moths in the family Tineidae are commonly regarded as pests because their larvae eat fabric such as clothes and blankets made from natural proteinaceous fibers such as wool or silk.[7] They are less likely to eat mixed materials containing some artificial fibers. There are some reports that they may be repelled by the scent of wood from juniper and cedar, ...
Cochliomyia
Primary screwworms are primary, obligate parasites in the larval stage, and as a result are capable, unlike secondary screwworms, of initialising the penetration of the skin barrier to create an entry wound. Despite this, they are most commonly seen as colonisers of previously existing wounds, and frequently are hatched from eggs laid at the perimeter of a wound. Once the infestation commences, a dark brown or reddish-brown discharge begins leaking from the wound, sometimes accompanied by an unpleasant smell as the flesh begins to decay. This is often the first sign in both livestock and human victims that something is amiss, and often initiates consultation with a professional. As the infestation increases, the victim begins to experience escalating tissue irritation, and in the case of domesticated animals, may be observed to become withdrawn, listless, and anorexic.[5][17] Once the process of clinical diagnosis begins and myiasis is recognised, the larvae are fairly easy to identify. Their ...
Dynastinae
The Dynastinae are among the largest of beetles, reaching more than 150 mm (6 in) in length, but are completely harmless to humans because they cannot bite or sting. Some species have been anecdotally claimed to lift up to 850 times their own weight.[1] Their common names refer to the characteristic horns borne only by the males of most species in the group. Each has a horn on the head and another horn pointing forward from the center of the thorax. The horns are used in fighting other males during mating season, and for digging. The size of the horn is a good indicator of nutrition and physical health.[2] The body of an adult rhinoceros beetle is covered by a thick exoskeleton. A pair of thick wings lie atop another set of membranous wings underneath, allowing the rhinoceros beetle to fly, although not very efficiently, owing to its large size. Their best protection from predators is their size and stature. Additionally, since they are nocturnal, they avoid many of their predators during the ...
Deathwatch beetle
The deathwatch beetle, Xestobium rufovillosum, is a woodboring beetle. The adult beetle is 7 millimetres (0.28 in) long, while the xylophagous larvae are up to 11 mm (0.43 in) long. To attract mates, these woodborers create a tapping or ticking sound that can be heard in the rafters of old buildings on quiet summer nights. They are therefore associated with quiet, sleepless nights and are named for the vigil (watch) kept beside the dying or dead, and by extension the superstitious have seen the deathwatch beetle as an omen of impending death. The term "death watch" has been applied to a variety of other ticking insects, including Anobium striatum, some of the so-called booklice of the family Psocidae, and the appropriately named Atropos divinatoria and Clothilla pulsatoria (Greek goddesses Atropos and Clotho were associated with death). The larva is very soft, yet can bore its way through wood, which it is able to digest using a number of enzymes in its alimentary canal, provided that the wood ...
Insects in mythology
Insects have often been taken to represent qualities, for good or ill, and accordingly have been used as amulets to ward off evil, or as omens that predict forthcoming events. A blue-glazed faience dragonfly amulet was found by Flinders Petrie at Lahun, from the Late Middle Kingdom of ancient Egypt.[32] During the Greek Archaic Era, the grasshopper was the symbol of the polis of Athens,[33] possibly because they were among the most common insects on the dry plains of Attica.[33] Native Athenians wore golden grasshopper brooches to symbolize that they were of pure, Athenian lineage and did not have any foreign ancestors.[33] In later times, this custom became seen as a mark of archaism.[33] For some Native American tribes, dragonflies represent swiftness and activity; for the Navajo, they symbolize pure water. They are a common motif in Zuni pottery; stylized as a double-barred cross, they appear in Hopi rock art and on Pueblo necklaces.[34] Among the classical names of Japan are Akitsukuni ...
Economic entomology
In Britain, John Curtis wrote the influential 1860 treatise Farm Insects, dealing with the insect pests of corn, roots, grass and stored grain. Fruit and pests were described by authors such as Saunders, Joseph Albert Lintner, Eleanor Anne Ormerod, Charles Valentine Riley, Mark Vernon Slingerland in America and Canada. The pioneers in Europe were Ernst Ludwig Taschenberg, Sven Lampa (1839-1914), Enzio Reuter (1867-1951) and Vincenze Kollar. Charles French (1842-1933), Walter Wilson Froggatt (1858-1937) and Henry Tryon (1856-1943) pioneered in Australia.. It was not until the last quarter of the 19th century that any real advance was made in the study of economic entomology. Among the early writings, besides the book of Curtis, there was a publication by Pohl and Kollar, entitled Insects Injurious to Gardeners, Foresters and Farmers, published in 1837, and Taschenberg's Praktische Insecktenkunde. During the 19th century Italian entomologists made significant progress in controlling diseases of ...
Developmental biology
Fruit fly: Drosophila melanogaster.[39] Good embryo supply. Well developed genetics.. *Nematode: Caenorhabditis elegans.[40] ... St Johnston D (2002). "The art and design of genetic screens: Drosophila melanogaster". Nat Rev Genet. 3 (3): 176-188. doi: ... In Bate and Martinez-Arias (eds.), The Development of Drosophila melanogaster, Cold Spring Harbor Press ... Maves L., Schubiger G. (2003). "Transdetermination in Drosophila imaginal discs: a model for understanding pluripotency and ...
Ichneumonoidea
Ichneumonoids are solitary insects, and the vast majority are parasitoids; the larvae feed on or in another insect until it finally dies. Most hosts are holometabolus insect larvae, but there are many exceptions. In general, ichneumonoids are host specific, and only attack one or a few closely related host species. Many species use polydnaviruses to suppress the immune systems of their host insects. Due to the wide variety in hosts and lifestyles, see subfamily pages for more detail. The female ichneumonoid finds a host and lays an egg on, near, or inside the host's body.[8] The ovipositor of ichneumonoids generally cannot deliver a sting as many wasps or bees do. It can be used to bore wood and lay eggs on hosts deep inside, or reach hosts hidden inside leaf shelters. Upon hatching, the larva feeds either externally or internally, killing the host when it is ready to pupate. Various ichneumonoids are used as biological control agents in controlling horticultural or forest pests. An example is ...
Mantis
Sexual cannibalism is common among most predatory species of mantises in captivity. It has sometimes been observed in natural populations, where about a quarter of male-female encounters result in the male being eaten by the female.[57][58][59] Around 90% of the predatory species of mantises exhibit sexual cannibalism.[60] Adult males typically outnumber females at first, but their numbers may be fairly equivalent later in the adult stage,[5] possibly because females selectively eat the smaller males.[61] In Tenodera sinensis, 83% of males escape cannibalism after an encounter with a female, but since multiple matings occur, the probability of a male's being eaten increases cumulatively.[58] The female may begin feeding by biting off the male's head (as they do with regular prey), and if mating has begun, the male's movements may become even more vigorous in its delivery of sperm. Early researchers thought that because copulatory movement is controlled by a ganglion in the abdomen, not the head, ...
Polish cochineal
... was widely traded in Europe during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. In the 15th and 16th centuries, along with grain, timber, and salt, it was one of Poland's chief exports, mainly to southern Germany and northern Italy as well as to France, England, the Ottoman Empire, and Armenia.[7] In Poland, the cochineal trade was mostly monopolized by Jewish merchants,[7] who bought the dye from peasants in Red Ruthenia and other regions of Poland and Lithuania. The merchants shipped the dye to major Polish cities such as Kraków, Gdańsk (Danzig), and Poznań. From there, the merchandise was exported to wholesalers in Breslau (Wrocław), Nuremberg, Frankfurt, Augsburg, Venice,[7] and other destinations. The Polish cochineal trade was a lucrative business for the intermediaries; according to Marcin of Urzędów (1595), one pound of Polish cochineal cost between four and five Venetian pounds. In terms of quantities, the trade reached its peak in the 1530s. In 1534, 1963 stones (about ...
List of organisms by chromosome count
"Drosophila Genome Project". National Center for Biotechnology Information. Retrieved 2009-04-14.. ...
Evolution - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Inversions in Hawaiian Drosophila. In: Krimbas C.B. & Powell J.R. (eds) Drosophila inversion polymorphism. CRC Press, Boca ... Hawaiian Drosophila[change , change source]. In about 6,500 sq mi (17,000 km2), the Hawaiian Islands have the most diverse ... William Rice and G.W. Salt bred fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster, using a maze with three different choices of habitat such ... Diane Dodd was also able to show how reproductive isolation can develop from mating preferences in Drosophila pseudoobscura ...
Jeffrey C. Hall - Vikipedi
Drosophila ile çalışmaları[değiştir , kaynağı değiştir]. Alanındaki çalışmalar[değiştir , kaynağı değiştir]. 1970'lerin ... Clyne, Dylan (April 2008). "Sex-Specific Control and Tuning of the Pattern Generator for Courtship Song in Drosophila". Cell. ... Bu durum, Drosophila beynindeki küçük ventral lateral nöronlarda (sLNvs) lokalize edildi. Bu verilerden Hall, sLNv'lerin ... Greenspan, R. J.; Ferveur, J. F. (2000). "Courtship in Drosophila". Annual Review of Genetics. 34: 205-232. ...
Polymorphism - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Drosophila[change , change source]. Studies over many years have shown that natural populations of Drosophila are polymorphic ...
PiRNA - Vikipedi
Drosophila Tudor Etki Proteinleri[değiştir , kaynağı değiştir]. Drosophila'daki piRNA yolu için gereken birçok faktör, Piwi ... Bu modifikasyonun Drosophila melanogaster (meyve sineği), zebra balığı,[6] , fare[7] ve sıçan[6] larda da var olduğu ... Drosophila melanogaster ve omurgalılardaki piRNA'lar herhangi bir protein kodlayan gen bulunmayan bölgelerde bulunurken,[12] ... "Discrete Small RNA-Generating Loci as Master Regulators of Transposon Activity in Drosophila". Cell. 128 (6), s. 1089-1103. doi ...
Richard Goldschmidt
Versuche an Drosophila". Biologisches Zentralblatt. 49: 437-448.. *Goldschmidt, R. B. (1931). Die sexuellen Zwischenstufen, ... Goldschmidt, R. B. (1949). "The beaded minute-intersexes in Drosophila melanogaster Meig". J. Exp. Zool. (published Nov 1949). ... Goldschmidt, R. B. (1945). "Podoptera, a homoeotic mutant of Drosophila and the origin of the insect wing". Science (published ... Goldschmidt, R. B.; Piternick, L K (1957). "The genetic background of chemically induced phenocopies in Drosophila". J. Exp. ...
Birnaviridae
The Birnaviridae genome encodes several proteins: Birnaviridae RNA-directed RNA polymerase (VP1), which lacks the highly conserved Gly-Asp-Asp (GDD) sequence, a component of the proposed catalytic site of this enzyme family that exists in the conserved motif VI of the palm domain of other RNA-directed RNA polymerases.[3] The large RNA segment, segment A, of birnaviruses codes for a polyprotein (N-VP2-VP4-VP3-C) [4] that is processed into the major structural proteins of the virion: VP2, VP3 (a minor structural component of the virus), and into the putative protease VP4.[4] VP4 protein is involved in generating VP2 and VP3.[4] recombinant VP3 is more immunogenic than recombinant VP2.[5] Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV), a birnavirus, is an important pathogen in fish farms. Analyses of viral proteins showed that VP2 is the major structural and immunogenic polypeptide of the virus.[6][7] All neutralizing monoclonal antibodies are specific to VP2 and bind to continuous or discontinuous ...
Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard
Arias AM (2008). "Drosophila melanogaster and the development of biology in the 20th century". Drosophila. Methods in Molecular ... In normal unmutated Drosophila, each segment produces bristles called denticles in a band arranged on the side of the segment ... Nüsslein-Volhard and Wieschaus took advantage of the segmented form of Drosophila larvae to address the logic of the genes ... The subsequent study of these mutants and their interactions led to important new insights into early Drosophila development, ...
The laminar organization of the Drosophila ellipsoid body is semaphorin-dependent and prevents the formation of ectopic...
Early olfactory processing in Drosophila: mechanisms and principles * RI Wilson. (2013) Annual Review of Neuroscience 36:217- ... In Drosophila, Sema-1a was initially identified as a repulsive axon guidance cue that signals through its receptor PlexA (Yu et ... Food odors trigger Drosophila males to deposit a pheromone that guides aggregation and female oviposition decisions * CC Lin ... The Drosophila EB harbors a particular laminar organization in which axons from multiple ring (R) neuron types form several ...
ADW: Drosophila melanogaster: INFORMATION
Biology of Drosophila. New York: John Wiley and Sons, Inc.. Lutz, F. 1948. Field Book of Insects. New York, NY: G. P. Putnams ... Many times Drosophila can be found in fruit cellars, or other available man made structures with a large supply of food. ( ... Drosophila are considered major pests in some area of the world for this reason. (Demerec, 1950; Lutz, 1948; Wilson, October, ... Reproduction in Drosophila is rapid. A single pair of flies can produce hundreds of offspring within a couple of weeks, and the ...
Drosophila melanogaster - Wikipedia
"Drosophila Virtual Library.. *"Drosophila Genomics Resource Center" - collects, maintains and distributes Drosophila DNA clones ... Wikispecies has information related to Drosophila melanogaster. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Drosophila melanogaster. ... Scholia has a topic profile for Drosophila melanogaster.. *. "A quick and simple introduction to Drosophila melanogaster". ... Bloomington Drosophila Stock Center at Indiana University: Basic Methods of Culturing Drosophila Archived 2006-09-01 at the ...
Drosophila | Encyclopedia.com
Drosophila melanogaster is a human commensal typically seen hovering around garbage cans or the bananas in kitchen fruit bowls ... Drosophila Animal Sciences COPYRIGHT 2002 The Gale Group Inc.. Drosophila. The common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a ... With the sequencing of the entire genome of Drosophila in 2000, Drosophila will continue to be an important tool in ... The life cycle of Drosophila is made up of four stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Eggs are typically laid in a food source ...
Category:Drosophila - Wikimedia Commons
Drosophila (war); Drosophila (id); Drosophila (nn); Drosophila (nb); Drosophila (nl); Drosophila (pt); Drosophila (sk); 果蝇属 (zh ... Drosophila (de); дразафілы (be); مگس سرکه (fa); Drosophila (bg); bananfluer (da); Drosophila (tr); דרוזופילה (he); Drosophila ( ... Drosophila (he); Drosophila, дрозофила (ru); Дрозофіла, Drosophila, Oinopota (uk); Drosophila (ca); Drosófila, Drosófilas (pt ... Drosophila (fi); Дрозофиль шыбындары (kk); Bananmuŝo (eo); octomilka (cs); Drosophila (bs); Drosophila (it); ড্রসোফিলা (bn); ...
Meaning of drosophila | Infoplease
Drosophila serrata | insect | Britannica
The vinegar flies Drosophila serrata, D. birchii, and D. dominicana are three sibling species (that is, species nearly ... Other articles where Drosophila serrata is discussed: evolution: Ethological (behavioral) isolation: ... The vinegar flies Drosophila serrata, D. birchii, and D. dominicana are three sibling species (that is, species nearly ... study employed different strains of Drosophila serrata, a species of vinegar fly from eastern Australia and New Guinea. ...
Drosophila blood cells. - PubMed - NCBI
Drosophila blood cells.. Meister M1, Lagueux M.. Author information. 1. UPR 9022 du CNRS, IBMC, 15 rue René Descartes, 67084 ... Drosophila blood cells or haemocytes belong to three lineages: plasmatocytes, crystal cells and lamellocytes. There is no ... Drosophila plasmatocytes are professional phagocytes reminiscent of the cells from the mammalian monocyte/macrophage lineage. ... Finally, lamellocytes represent a cell type that specifically differentiates after parasitism of Drosophila larvae and forms a ...
Assortative fertilization in Drosophila | PNAS
Females of Drosophila pachea and Drosophila wassermani store sperm only in the spermathecae, while Drosophila nannoptera ... For most Drosophila species, however, these mechanisms are not completely efficient, and in Drosophila species in which it has ... They range from 0.32 mm in Drosophila persimilis (28) to 58.29 mm in Drosophila bifurca (29); in the latter case sperm are ... Both the sperm and nonsperm components of the ejaculate are known to be extremely variable in Drosophila. Sperm in Drosophila ...
Sleep, Sex, and Drosophila - evolgen
"I mean, the successful male drosophila is a drosophila that gets enough sleep." ... While Stahl and the 60 Minutes crew refer to Drosophila as "fruit flies", McRobert knows better. This is from his website:. My ... Stahl watched as McRobert used a bizarre contraption to suck a male drosophila (fruit fly) out of a vial and put him into a ... The special included an interview with Scott McRobert about sleep deprivation and mating in Drosophila. ...
Two More Drosophila Genomes - evolgen
The D. simulans and D. yakuba genomes mark the third and fourth sequenced Drosophila genomes - the second being the more ... That approach has made its way to Drosophila genomics with the publication of a paper describing polymorphism across the entire ... Around the same time as that white paper, another proposal was submitted to bring the total number of sequenced Drosophila ... Population Genomics: Whole-Genome Analysis of Polymorphism and Divergence in Drosophila simulans. PLoS Biol 5: e310 doi:10.1371 ...
GFP in Drosophila. - PubMed - NCBI
Drosophila SOCS Proteins
Spotted Wing Drosophila Development : USDA ARS
Drosophila Information Service, volume 88 (2005)
46thAnnual Drosophila Research Conference, San Diego, California. 19thEuropean Drosophila Research Conference, Eger, Hungary. ... Drosophila: A Guide to Species Identification and Use. Held, L.I., Jr. Imaginal Discs: The Genetic and Cellular Logic of ... flare strains of Drosophila melanogaster.. Etges, W.J. Drosophila desertorum in Big Bend National Park, Texas: The search for ... Drosophila.. Garcia, A.C.L., M.S. Gottschalk, G.F. Audino, C. Rohde, V.H. Valiati, and V.L.S. Valente. First evidence of ...
Drosophila Models for Human Diseases | SpringerLink
... physical and neurological properties are highly conserved between humans and Drosophila and nearly 75% of human disease-causing ... of human disease-causing genes have a functional homologue in Drosophila. This volume provides recent advances in Drosophila ... The book provides a useful resource for all scientists who are starting to use the Drosophila model in their studies, and for ... Drosophila as a Model to Gain Insight into the Role of lncRNAs in Neurological Disorders ...
Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster | PNAS
Clock Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster. Ronald J. Konopka and Seymour Benzer. PNAS September 1, 1971 68 (9) 2112-2116; https ... A Key Temporal Delay in the Circadian Cycle of Drosophila Is Mediated by a Nuclear Localization Signal in the Timeless Protein ... Failure to reproduce period-dependent song cycles in Drosophila is due to poor automated pulse-detection and low-intensity ... Central Regulation of Locomotor Behavior of Drosophila melanogaster Depends on a CASK Isoform Containing CaMK-Like and L27 ...
Phosphorylated Proteins in Drosophila Membranes | SpringerLink
In: Siddiqi O., Babu P., Hall L.M., Hall J.C. (eds) Development and Neurobiology of Drosophila. Basic Life Sciences, vol 16. ... T.R. Venkatesh, S. Zingde and K.S. Krishnan, Isolation and characterization of membranes from Drosophila melanogaster,this ... 2-4 We have explored the possibility of in vitro phosphorylation of proteins in membrane preparations obtained from Drosophila ... Thammana P. (1980) Phosphorylated Proteins in Drosophila Membranes. ...
Drosophila Information Service, Volume 2 (1934)
MORPHMET] Postdoc position on Drosophila suzukii
This project will be carried on an Asian drosophila species (Drosophila suzukii, aka the Spotted Wing Drosophila ) that has ... MORPHMET] Postdoc position on Drosophila suzukii debat Wed, 22 Mar 2017 02:54:08 -0700 ... A two years post doctoral position will open in our lab next fall on the phenotypic and genetic evolution of *Drosophila ...
Drosophila | Best Science Apps
p, Whether youre just beginning to work with Drosophila, are an experienced fly-pusher, or are just curious about fly mutants ... youll enjoy perusing the photos and information contained within the Drosophila app. Primarily through photos, the app lets ... Whether youre just beginning to work with Drosophila, are an experienced fly-pusher, or are just curious about fly mutants, ... youll enjoy perusing the photos and information contained within the Drosophila app. Primarily through photos, the app lets ...
Seminal fluid-mediated fitness traits in Drosophila | Heredity
The seminal fluid of male Drosophila contains a cocktail of proteins that have striking effects on male and female fitness. In ... Seminal fluid-mediated fitness traits in Drosophila. *Tracey Chapman. 1. Heredity volume 87, pages511-521(2001)Cite this ... Drosophila suzukii contains a peptide homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster sex peptide and functional in both species. ... Male Drosophila transfer a cocktail of ejaculate proteins at mating that have striking effects on fitness. In D. melanogaster, ...
Drosophila] mites
Drosophila databases
... MA11 at phoenix.cambridge.ac.uk MA11 at phoenix.cambridge.ac.uk Thu Aug 16 08:08:14 EST 1990 *Previous ... Drosophila Genetic Maps. Version 3.5 16 August 1990 Michael Ashburner Department of Genetics Cambridge, England. Telephone 44- ... following tables have been compiled from a database of genetic and other information concerning the genetic loci of Drosophila ...
Heritable Endosymbionts of Drosophila | Genetics
DQ412091-DQ412111; Table 3). Of these, 7 had been reported in Drosophila before and 7 were new haplotypes for Drosophila (i.e. ... including Drosophila melanogaster, while only 26 belong to the larger subgenus Drosophila, which has ∼1500 species, excluding ... Ota, T., M. Kawabe, K. Oishi and D. F. Poulson, 1979 Non-male-killing spiroplasmas in Drosophila hydei. J. Hered. 70: 211-213. ... Yamada, M., S. Nawa and T. K. Watanabe, 1982 A mutant of SR organism (SRO) in Drosophila that does not kill the host males. Jpn ...
Drosophila] (no subject)
Previous message: [Drosophila] Drosophila incubators/growth-chambers *Next message: [Drosophila] looking for expression vector ... Previous message: [Drosophila] Drosophila incubators/growth-chambers *Next message: [Drosophila] looking for expression vector ... Drosophila] (no subject). Krishna Bhat via dros%40net.bio.net (by kmbhat from utmb.edu). Tue May 15 17:37:44 EST 2007 * ...
movies of Drosophila
Drosophila immigrans image
Drosophila immigrans. Click on image to zoom in. © Copyright Malcolm Storey 2011-2118 Email full-size image and text title. ... IM/I_MWS/0000/640/Drosophila_immigrans,I_MWS78.jpg. width=458 x height=640 pixels; size=83123 bytes Discover Life , Top Updated ... identification and distribution of Drosophila immigrans image ...
Single cell sequencing of <i>Drosophila<...
Flyseq: a collaborative project at UW to understand the systems biology of Drosophila neurons. Loading... ... are using massively parallel single-cell sequencing methods to map the diversity of neuronal cell-types found in the Drosophila ... quantitative genetics and systems biology to understand cell-type diversity and neurodegenerative disease in the Drosophila ...
ProteinsGeneticsGenusDipteraGenesDrosophilidaeGeneticBerkeley Drosophila Genome ProjectAnnual Drosophila Research ConferenceWing DrosophilaAbstractGeneticistsSuzukiiSubgenus2000LarvaeEmbryogenesisFruitOrganismDevelopmentalInsectBiologyFliesSimulansPseudoobscuraSearchInsectsWolbachiaChromosomesPopulationsEmbryoGenome ProjectsBehaviorLarvalDivergenceGeneMammalianChromosomalCold SpringHumansStrainsThomas Hunt MMolecular2016ProteomeNeurobiologyCharacterizationMutagenesisEndosymbiontDevelopmentReproductive isolationEvolutionEggsTransgenicThird chromosome
Proteins6
- 2-4 We have explored the possibility of in vitro phosphorylation of proteins in membrane preparations obtained from Drosophila fly heads. (springer.com)
- Thammana P. (1980) Phosphorylated Proteins in Drosophila Membranes. (springer.com)
- The seminal fluid of male Drosophila contains a cocktail of proteins that have striking effects on male and female fitness. (nature.com)
- Male Drosophila transfer a cocktail of ejaculate proteins at mating that have striking effects on fitness. (nature.com)
- The Drosophila proteins that participate in Hh-mediated signal transduction are highlighted in a Connections Map pathway. (sciencemag.org)
- In today's ScienceExpress, John Chant and colleagues at CuraGen, New Haven, Connecticut, report that they have identified over 20,000 different interactions among over 7,000 proteins that are coded in the genome of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster . (alzforum.org)
Genetics15
- Greenspan, Ralph J. Fly Pushing, the Theory and Practice of Drosophila Genetics. (encyclopedia.com)
- Kohler, Robert E. Lords of the Fly: Drosophila Genetics and the Experimental Life. (encyclopedia.com)
- Since the founding of Drosophila genetics by Thomas Hunt Morgan and his colleagues over 100 years ago, the experimental induction of mosaicism has featured prominently in its recognition as an unsurpassed genetic model organism. (genetics.org)
- A project using quantitative genetics and systems biology to understand cell-type diversity and neurodegenerative disease in the Drosophila brain. (washington.edu)
- A candidate with a recent Ph.D. degree and a strong background in Drosophila genetics is sought to participate in studies on pathogenesis of tauopathies, and to examine tau-targeting therapies in Drosophila models. (alzforum.org)
- Strong background in Drosophila genetics. (alzforum.org)
- Drosophila has played a critical role in revolutions in genetics and molecular biology--the announcement in 1981 that the P transposable element could be used to create transgenic fruit flies also assured Drosophila a prominent place in genome research. (sciencemag.org)
- Engels, W.R. (2000) Genetics: Reversal of fortune for Drosophila geneticists? (sciencemag.org)
- Drosophila , the common fruit fly, is an ideal organism for studying basic genetics and the laws of heredity. (flinnsci.com)
- Drosophila melanogaster is the most studied organism in biological research, particularly in genetics and developmental biology. (bionity.com)
- The 56th Annual Drosophila Research Conference , sponsored by the Genetics Society of America , is taking place March 4-8, 2015 at the Sheraton Chicago Hotel & Towers . (genetics-gsa.org)
- Let us give some thought to the Y chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster , that engaging fly which is the bond-servant of genetics. (evolutionnews.org)
- The relatively small brain sized (~100,000 neurons and glia), conserved neurotransmitter signaling mechanisms, and sophisticated genetics of Drosophila melanogaster allows for cell biological, molecular, and genetic analyses that are impractical in mammalian models of TBI. (frontiersin.org)
- Drosophila pseudoobscura is a species of fruit fly , used extensively in lab studies of the genetics of natural populations. (wikipedia.org)
- WASHINGTON - The majority of genes associated with nephrotic syndrome (NS) in humans also play pivotal roles in Drosophila renal function, a conservation of function across species that validates transgenic flies as ideal pre-clinical models to improve understanding of human disease, a Children's National Health System research team reports in a recent issue of Human Molecular Genetics . (eurekalert.org)
Genus8
- a fly of the genus Drosophila, esp. (infoplease.com)
- In the genus Drosophila , there is an incredible amount of variation in gametes and other internal reproductive characters with the potential to influence assortative fertilization. (pnas.org)
- Animals utilized in my work include pomace flies (genus Drosophila), fish, turtles, and frogs. (scienceblogs.com)
- Around the same time as that white paper, another proposal was submitted to bring the total number of sequenced Drosophila genomes to twelve (making it the eukaryotic genus with the most species with completely sequenced genomes, although the diversity in this genus is equivalent to that of all eutherian mammals ). (scienceblogs.com)
- The genus Drosophila provides the primary insect genetic model system for studies of evolution and diversification ( P owell 1997 ) and for studies of infectious processes and immunity ( M ylonakis and A ballay 2005 ). (genetics.org)
- Of the 69 species of the family Drosophilidae for which Wolbachia screening results have been published, 68 belong to the genus Drosophila ( Figure 1 ). (genetics.org)
- Drosophila' is a genus of flies and this one can be called a concept album de facto handling the adventurous story of fly Ned Busckii who wakes up one morning with the feeling that a change is definetely needed in his life. (progarchives.com)
- Two Species Of Diptera Of The Genus Drosophila" (PDF Adobe Acrobat). (wikipedia.org)
Diptera7
- Drosophila mature through complete metamorphosis, as do all members of the order Diptera . (animaldiversity.org)
- Drosophila melanogaster is a species of fly (the taxonomic order Diptera) in the family Drosophilidae . (wikipedia.org)
- Differential body expression of isoenzymatic loci in adults of the cactophilic species Drosophila antonietae (Diptera: Drosophilidae). (ou.edu)
- 1992. Systematics and Modes of Reproductive Isolation in the Holarctic Drosophila testacea Species Group (Diptera: Drosophilidae). (wikipedia.org)
- Drosophila melanogaster (from the Greek for black-bellied dew-lover ) is a two-winged insect that belongs to the Diptera, the order of the flies. (bionity.com)
- The invasive spotted wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), has become a serious pest in the United States. (bioone.org)
- Sh S. Kim , A. D. Tripodi , D. T. Johnson , and A. L. Szalanski "Molecular Diagnostics of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) using PCR-RFLP," Journal of Economic Entomology 107(3), 1292-1294, (1 June 2014). (bioone.org)
Genes12
- The homeotic selector genes of Drosophila were later found to be arranged in the same order as the homologous homeotic selector genes in humans and other animals. (encyclopedia.com)
- Characterization of UDP-glycosyltransferase genes in Drosophila pseudoobscura . (ou.edu)
- Targeted mutagenesis of Drosophila atm and mre11 genes. (ou.edu)
- Non-additive combined effect of multiple mutations in tumor suppressor genes on the frequency of hyperplastic mosaic clones in Drosophila imagoes. (ou.edu)
- Most biological pathways, physical and neurological properties are highly conserved between humans and Drosophila and nearly 75% of human disease-causing genes have a functional homologue in Drosophila. (springer.com)
- The Drosophila bithorax complex is subdivided into three major genes: Ultrabithorax+, abdominal-A+ and Abdominal-B+. (nih.gov)
- At a molecular level, genes have been found to influence alcohol tolerance in Drosophila melanogaster. (accessexcellence.org)
- Evolution of genes and genomes on the Drosophila phylogeny. (uniprot.org)
- Bicoid and hunchback are the maternal effect genes that are most important for patterning of anterior parts (head and thorax) of the Drosophila embryo. (bionity.com)
- Nanos and Caudal are maternal effect genes that are important in the formation of more posterior abdominal segments of the Drosophila embryo. (bionity.com)
- To address those research gaps, Zhe Han, Ph.D., principal investigator and associate professor in the Center for Cancer & Immunology Research at Children's National, and colleagues systematically studied NS-associated genes in the Drosophila model, including seven genes whose renal function had never been analyzed in a pre-clinical model. (eurekalert.org)
- This development is mainly due to the fact that several genes causing human heart disease are also present in Drosophila , where they play the same or similar roles in heart development, maintenance or physiology as their respective counterparts in humans. (mdpi.com)
Drosophilidae4
- First record of Drosophila parthenogenetica and D. neomorpha , cardini group, Heed, 1962 (Drosophilidae), in Brazil. (ou.edu)
- Drosophila melanogaster is a fruit fly and the most studied species from the family Drosophilidae. (uniprot.org)
- Drosophila xalapa [1] este o specie de muște din genul Drosophila , familia Drosophilidae , descrisă de Vilela și Bachli în anul 2004. (wikipedia.org)
- Drosophila putrida is a species of fruit fly in the family Drosophilidae. (wikipedia.org)
Genetic16
- At the genetic level, more is known about Drosophila than any other multicellular organism. (encyclopedia.com)
- A two years post doctoral position will open in our lab next fall on the phenotypic and genetic evolution of *Drosophila suzukii* throughout its recent worldwide invasion. (mail-archive.com)
- Drosophila Genetic Maps. (bio.net)
- Telephone 44-223-333969 Fax 44-223-333992 e-mail ma11 at phx.cam.ac.uk The following tables have been compiled from a database of genetic and other information concerning the genetic loci of Drosophila melanogaster. (bio.net)
- Although heritable microorganisms are increasingly recognized as widespread in insects, no systematic screens for such symbionts have been conducted in Drosophila species (the primary insect genetic models for studies of evolution, development, and innate immunity). (genetics.org)
- Despite the broad interest in Drosophila for ecological, evolutionary, and genetic studies, and the recent investigations of heritable symbionts in insects generally, few Drosophila species have been screened for the presence of heritable endosymbionts. (genetics.org)
- Here, we discuss how genetic mosaicism in Drosophila became an invaluable research tool that revolutionized developmental biology. (genetics.org)
- Since most transgenic Drosophila melanogaster developed for research purposes do not contain genetic sequences from plant pests and are themselves not considered plant pests, most transgenic Drosophila melanogaster do not require permits from BRS for their movement. (usda.gov)
- We highlight studies that exploited computational tools and the genetic accessibility and rich social life of Drosophila melanogaster to reveal molecular and neuronal determinants of social networks and collective behavior. (biologists.org)
- Drosophila melanogaster was introduced into the field of genetic experiments by Thomas Hunt Morgan in 1909. (bionity.com)
- His laboratory has helped develop Drosophila genetic technology, most recently as part of the Gene Disruption Project. (genetics-gsa.org)
- As a consequence, the genetic toolbox of Drosophila geneticists have considerably expanded and will have a dramatic impact on our ability to understand genetic pathways in this insect. (els.net)
- The development of the dorsal vessel in Drosophila is one of the first systems in which key mechanisms regulating cardiogenesis have been defined in great detail at the genetic and molecular level. (mdpi.com)
- Many of the major components that control Drosophila cardiogenesis were discovered based on candidate gene approaches and their functions were defined by employing the outstanding genetic tools and molecular techniques available in this system. (mdpi.com)
- Apart from classical forward genetic screens, the availability of the thoroughly annotated Drosophila genome sequence made new genome-wide approaches possible, which include the generation of massive numbers of RNA interference (RNAi) reagents that were used in forward genetic screens, as well as studies of the transcriptomes and proteomes of the developing heart under normal and experimentally manipulated conditions. (mdpi.com)
- The circulatory system of Drosophila melanogaster represents an easily amenable genetic model whose analysis at different levels, i.e. , from single molecules up to functional anatomy, has provided new insights into general aspects of cardiogenesis, heart physiology and cardiac aging, to name a few examples. (mdpi.com)
Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project3
- A series of refereed research articles from Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, FlyBase and colleagues, describing Release 3 of the Drosophila genome, are freely available online. (biomedcentral.com)
- The recent completion of the Release 3 euchromatic genomic sequence of Drosophila melanogaster by the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project ha. (biomedcentral.com)
- Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, USA. (sciencemag.org)
Annual Drosophila Research Conference2
- The Annual Drosophila Research Conference is the premier meeting for Drosophila researchers. (genetics-gsa.org)
- On and after January 15, 2014, the highlighted letters below provide access to alphabetical lists of the authors whose abstracts have been accepted for the 55th Annual Drosophila Research Conference. (genetics-gsa.org)
Wing Drosophila16
- This project will be carried on an Asian drosophila species (Drosophila suzukii, aka the Spotted Wing Drosophila ) that has recently invaded both Europe and North America. (mail-archive.com)
- Spotted wing Drosophila can be distinguished from other vinegar flies by spots on the wings of male flies, and by the ovipositor on female flies. (msu.edu)
- This 10-minute video describes what MSU Enviroweather is and how to use it when managing spotted wing Drosophila. (msu.edu)
- Since the invasive insect pest spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) (Drosophila suzukii) arrived in Michigan in 2010, it has been a major concern for Michigan fruit industries. (msu.edu)
- MSU Extension's small fruit program is offering classroom and hands-on training to help successfully identify, monitor and manage spotted Wing Drosophila. (msu.edu)
- Spotted wing Drosophila monitoring traps provide early warning of fly activity before most fruit are ripening. (msu.edu)
- Spotted wing Drosophila numbers are still very low, but we have confirmed first detections this season of female SWD from traps in Antrim, Ingham and Livingston. (msu.edu)
- Spotted wing Drosophila catches are increasing in fields and orchards where harvest is completed and insecticide residues are minimal. (msu.edu)
- Last year my raspberry patch was infested by a new pest call spotted wing drosophila. (garden.org)
- Welcome to our web resources on spotted wing Drosophila (SWD). (msu.edu)
- Spotted wing Drosophila populations are surging. (msu.edu)
- Spotted wing Drosophila populations have begun to surge. (msu.edu)
- Spotted wing Drosophila populations are active and growers should be protecting susceptible crops. (msu.edu)
- With warmer weather, spotted wing Drosophila (SWD) populations are beginning to climb. (msu.edu)
- 2019 Cool wet spring brought another slow start to spotted wing Drosophila, but now that warm weather is here, expect to begin protecting susceptible crops. (msu.edu)
- The Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD) is a vinegar fly of East Asian origin that can cause damage to many fruit crops. (msu.edu)
Abstract2
- The Committee reviews all abstracts submitted for presentation at the Drosophila Annual Conference and determines whether an abstract is suitable for platform or poster presentation. (genetics-gsa.org)
- If you need to revise your abstract, follow instructions for revision on the abstract link on the Drosophila Web site. (genetics-gsa.org)
Geneticists3
- In the recent kerfuffle over Sarah Palin's disparaging remarks about "fruit fly" research, an important point was missed by the general public, scientists, and even Drosophila geneticists: she wasn't talking about Drosophila. (scienceblogs.com)
- Drosophila has long been a favorite model system for geneticists and developmental biologists studying embryogenesis . (bionity.com)
- Due to its small size, ease of culture and short generation time, geneticists have been using Drosophila ever since. (wikipedia.org)
Suzukii4
- Studies on Drosophila suzukii Mats. (cabi.org)
- A molecular diagnostic method for distinguishing D. suzukii from other Drosophila spp. (bioone.org)
- A 709-bp region of the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I gene was amplified from D. suzukii collections in the United States and compared with sequences of other Drosophila taxa from GenBank. (bioone.org)
- Based on DNA sequence polymorphisms, a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis using the restriction enzyme Msp-I was found to differentiate D. suzukii from other Drosophila spp. (bioone.org)
Subgenus3
- First record of subgenus Phloridosa of Drosophila in southern Brazil, with notes on breeding sites. (ou.edu)
- Of these, 41 belong to the subgenus Sophophora, which has ∼500 species, including Drosophila melanogaster , while only 26 belong to the larger subgenus Drosophila, which has ∼1500 species, excluding the Hawaiian Drosophila and the Scaptomyza ( M arkow and O'G rady 2006 ). (genetics.org)
- The fruit fly Drosophila simulans is a member of the melanogaster group of the subgenus Sophophora and a close relative of D. melanogaster. (uniprot.org)
20006
- With the sequencing of the entire genome of Drosophila in 2000, Drosophila will continue to be an important tool in understanding how the genotype controls the phenotype of complex organisms. (encyclopedia.com)
- 2000. The Genome Sequence of Drosophila melanogaster . (scienceblogs.com)
- In the past, APHIS has accepted courtesy permit applications for importations of non-regulated Drosophila melanogaster that were based upon a template of a partially-completed APHIS Form 2000. (usda.gov)
- BRS is requiring applicants requesting a courtesy permit for Drosophila melanogaster importations to apply through e-permits or to fully complete and submit an APHIS Form 2000 with all required information, including details of the inserted construct. (usda.gov)
- The Drosophila melanogaster complete genome sequence was published in 2000. (uniprot.org)
- Rong, Y.S., and Golic, K.G. (2000) Gene targeting by homologous recombination in Drosophila . (sciencemag.org)
Larvae7
- Finally, lamellocytes represent a cell type that specifically differentiates after parasitism of Drosophila larvae and forms a capsule around the invader. (nih.gov)
- Some aspects of molting and metamorphosis in Drosophila pavani larvae. (ou.edu)
- Olfactory responses of Drosophila larvae. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We studied complete dose-response curves for 53 odorants in the third instar larvae of Drosophila melanogaster. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We analyzed the transcriptome profiles of nematode-infected Drosophila larvae with uninfected samples. (diva-portal.org)
- For this we employed the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora with its symbiont Photorhabdus luminescence to infect Drosophila larvae. (diva-portal.org)
- When we eliminated hemocytes genetically (referred to as hml-apo) in Drosophila , we found hml-apo larvae are resistant to nematodes. (diva-portal.org)
Embryogenesis1
- Embryogenesis in Drosophila is unique among model organisms in that cleavage occurs in a syncytium. (bionity.com)
Fruit15
- Many times Drosophila can be found in fruit cellars, or other available man made structures with a large supply of food. (animaldiversity.org)
- The common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a human commensal typically seen hovering around garbage cans or the bananas in kitchen fruit bowls. (encyclopedia.com)
- In 1910 Thomas Hunt Morgan of Columbia University in New York City discovered a white-eyed mutant in Drosophila melanogaster which differed from the standard red-eyed fruit fly . (encyclopedia.com)
- Stahl watched as McRobert used a bizarre contraption to suck a male drosophila (fruit fly) out of a vial and put him into a little dish with a female. (scienceblogs.com)
- While Stahl and the 60 Minutes crew refer to Drosophila as "fruit flies", McRobert knows better. (scienceblogs.com)
- nov., a new species associated with male-lethality in Drosophila willistoni , a neotropical species of fruit fly. (nature.com)
- It was one of 12 fruit fly genomes sequenced for a large comparative study by the Drosophila 12 Genomes Consortium. (uniprot.org)
- For anesthetizing Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and other small insects. (fishersci.com)
- Drosophila busckii is a species of fruit fly that is native to North America. (wikipedia.org)
- I made the same mistake honestly, simply because Drosophila are commonly referred to as fruit flies, and I have a hard time believing Palin has ever heard of Tephritids. (scienceblogs.com)
- T. H. Morgan's choice of Drosophila a century ago for studying the mechanisms of heredity has resulted in the lowly fruit fly's becoming one of the model organisms of biology. (sciencemag.org)
- One of the best understood examples of pattern formation is the patterning along the future head to tail (antero-posterior) axis of the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster . (bionity.com)
- Flinn Drosophila Guide is a basic handbook of techniques and experiments using the common fruit fly. (flinnsci.com)
- Drosophila melanogaster is a small, common fly found near rotting fruit . (wikipedia.org)
- books.google.com - The common fruit fly, Drosophila, has long been one of the most productive of all laboratory animals. (google.com)
Organism2
- Starting with a review of Drosophila's value as a highly tractable model organism for studying human diseases, subsequent chapters present Drosophila models for specific human diseases. (springer.com)
- We highlight here the historic discoveries made using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster and its contributions to biomedical and cancer research. (biomedsearch.com)
Developmental3
- Developmental toxicity of mitomycin C in Drosophila melanogaster. (cdc.gov)
- The developmental period for Drosophila melanogaster varies with temperature, as with many ectothermic species. (bionity.com)
- The fly Drosophila melanogaster is one of the most intensively studied organisms in biology and serves as a model system for the investigation of many developmental and cellular processes common to higher eukaryotes, including humans. (osti.gov)
Insect3
- As in all insect species Drosophila melanogaster lays eggs. (animaldiversity.org)
- Drosophila melanogaster is a holometabolous insect, so it undergoes a full metamorphosis. (wikipedia.org)
- These findings indicate that in contrast to some other insect groups, other heritable symbionts are uncommon in Drosophila species, possibly reflecting a robust innate immune response that eliminates many bacteria. (genetics.org)
Biology3
- One aspect of biology in which Drosophila proved to be extremely useful was in the study of development. (encyclopedia.com)
- In 1990, Rutgers State University offered a summer program in conjunction with the National Teachers of Biology that included a unit on Drosophila. (accessexcellence.org)
- The book's appendices include key aspects of Drosophila biology, essential solutions, buffers, and recipes. (cshlpress.com)
Flies6
- In temperate regions where human activities have introduced Drosophila melanogaster , these flies seek shelter in colder winter months. (animaldiversity.org)
- Like other flies, Drosophila melanogaster has a single pair of wings that form from the middle segment of its thorax. (animaldiversity.org)
- The vinegar flies Drosophila serrata , D. birchii , and D. dominicana are three sibling species (that is, species nearly indistinguishable morphologically) that are endemic in Australia and on the islands of New Guinea and New Britain. (britannica.com)
- Common vinegar flies ( Drosophila melanogaster ) during mating on a kiwifruit. (eurekalert.org)
- The Spradling group uses Drosophila to study oogenesis, showing frequently that processes characterized in flies are conserved in mice and vice versa. (genetics-gsa.org)
- Topics in the guide include the Drosophila life cycle, culturing techniques, collection of virgin flies, anesthetizing techniques, sexing flies, mating flies and the inheritance pattern of some basic characteristics. (flinnsci.com)
Simulans7
- That approach has made its way to Drosophila genomics with the publication of a paper describing polymorphism across the entire genome of D. simulans , a sibling species to D. melanogaster . (scienceblogs.com)
- The D. simulans and D. yakuba genomes mark the third and fourth sequenced Drosophila genomes - the second being the more distantly related D. pseudoobscura . (scienceblogs.com)
- 2007. Population Genomics: Whole-Genome Analysis of Polymorphism and Divergence in Drosophila simulans . (scienceblogs.com)
- Drosophila simulans is a species of fly closely related to D. melanogaster, belonging to the same melanogaster species subgroup. (wikipedia.org)
- Drosophila simulans was found later to be closely related to two island endemics, D. sechellia and D. mauritiana. (wikipedia.org)
- Infections of Wolbachia, a commonly infectious strain of bacteria observed in many insects such as Trichogramma and Muscidifurax uniraptor wasps, are transmitted between generations of Drosophila simulans. (wikipedia.org)
- Drosophila simulans has also played an important role in sequencing the genomes for certain Wolbachia strains. (wikipedia.org)
Pseudoobscura1
- In 2005, D. pseudoobscura was the second Drosophila species to have its genome sequenced, after Drosophila melanogaster . (wikipedia.org)
Search1
- Etges, W.J. Drosophila desertorum in Big Bend National Park, Texas: The search for females. (ou.edu)
Insects2
- Drosophila are species of molting insects, meaning that they have two distinct stages of their life cycle with radically different body plans: larva and adults. (bionity.com)
- The development of Drosophila is particularly well studied, and it is representative of a major class of animals, the insects or insecta. (bionity.com)
Wolbachia6
- Previous efforts screened relatively few Drosophila lineages, mainly for Wolbachia. (genetics.org)
- The phylogenetic distribution of Wolbachia and Spiroplasma in Drosophila is discussed. (genetics.org)
- Wolbachia infections give insight into how certain species of Drosophila are related. (wikipedia.org)
- One of the most well-studied examples of lateral gene transfer (LGT) between microbe and animal is the transfer of DNA from an intracellular Wolbachia endosymbiont to its Drosophila host. (the-scientist.com)
- As long as the host remains colonized by its Wolbachia endosymbiont, LGT can continue and Wolbachia DNA can accumulate in the Drosophila genome. (the-scientist.com)
- Just how Wolbachia DNA inserts itself into the Drosophila genome is unclear. (the-scientist.com)
Chromosomes1
- The clastogenic effects of Aflatoxin B 1 (AFB 1 ) on polytene chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster . (ou.edu)
Populations2
Embryo2
- Bentley, J. K., Veneti, Z., Heraty, J. & Hurst, G. D. D. The pathology of embryo death caused by the male-killing Spiroplasma bacterium in Drosophila nebulosa . (nature.com)
- Martin, J., Chong, T. & Ferree, P. M. Male killing Spiroplasma preferentially disrupts neural development in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo. (nature.com)
Genome Projects2
- The FlyBase Database of the Drosophila Genome Projects and Community Literature. (encyclopedia.com)
- If you're curious as to how long it takes to go from the initial proposal to the published sequence of a genome, check out the white papers proposing various Drosophila genome projects . (scienceblogs.com)
Behavior5
- The behavior of Drosophila melanogater is simplistic. (animaldiversity.org)
- Since then thousands of other mutations in Drosophila have been identified and mapped, including mutations that alter behavior and learning. (encyclopedia.com)
- Although the pheromones that inhibit mating in Drosophila were known, the positive pheromone signal that elicits courtship behavior and mating remained a mystery. (eurekalert.org)
- the signal molecule which attracts males and triggers mating behavior of the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster remained until recently unidentified. (eurekalert.org)
- To follow larval behavior in the presence or absence of nematodes we monitored Drosophila larval locomotion behaviors using FIMtrack (a recently devised automated method) to elucidate evasive strategies of hosts. (diva-portal.org)
Larval1
- Nearly all cell division mutants in Drosophila were recovered in late larval/pupal lethal screens, with less than 10 embryonic lethal mutants identified, because larval development occurs without a requirement for cell division. (mit.edu)
Divergence1
- Mating propensity: an indicator of interracial divergence in the nasuta-albomicans complex of Drosophila . (ou.edu)
Gene3
- The recent completion of the Drosophila melanogaster genomic sequence to high quality and the availability of a greatly expanded set of Drosophila cDNA sequences, aligning to 78% of the predicted euchromatic gene. (biomedcentral.com)
- 2011) The Drosophila gene disruption project: progress using transposons with distinctive site specificities. (els.net)
- 2013) Comparing zinc finger nucleases and transcription activator‐like effector nucleases for gene targeting in Drosophila. (els.net)
Mammalian2
- Drosophila plasmatocytes are professional phagocytes reminiscent of the cells from the mammalian monocyte/macrophage lineage. (nih.gov)
- In contrast to mammalian systems, the protein composition of Drosophila centromeres has not been comprehensively investigated. (mendeley.com)
Chromosomal1
- Bibikova M, Golic M, Golic KG and Carroll D (2002) Targeted chromosomal cleavage and mutagenesis in Drosophila using zinc‐finger nucleases. (els.net)
Cold Spring1
- Demerec, M. Drosophila stock center at Cold Spring Harbor. (ou.edu)
Humans3
- Humans have helped to spread Drosophila melanogaster to every other location which it inhabits. (animaldiversity.org)
- Furthermore, much of our knowledge of Drosophila is relevant to humans. (encyclopedia.com)
- L'estudi publicat a Nature Communications obre pistes per investigar la funció d'aquesta via en el desenvolupament de vertebrats i la seva possible implicació en malformacions congènites en humans. (irbbarcelona.org)
Strains4
- study employed different strains of Drosophila serrata , a species of vinegar fly from eastern Australia and New Guinea. (britannica.com)
- Toxicity parameters of 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide, urethane and methyl methanesulfonate in the flare and Oregon- flare strains of Drosophila melanogaster . (ou.edu)
- Non toxicity of phenylpropanoid verbascoside from a Buddleja scordioides extract in Drosophila melanogaster flare and Oregon- flare strains and toxicity of caffeic acid in the flare strain. (ou.edu)
- for example, some strains can protect against DCV (Drosophila C virus) while other strains cannot. (wikipedia.org)
Thomas Hunt M2
- Thomas Hunt Morgan studied Drosophila early in the 1900s. (wikipedia.org)
- From 1910 to 1940, the center of Drosophila culture in America was the school of Thomas Hunt Morgan and his students Alfred Sturtevant and Calvin Bridges. (google.com)
Molecular1
- Thus, the Drosophila nephrocyte can be used to illuminate the clinically relevant molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of most monogenic forms of NS, the research team concludes. (eurekalert.org)
20161
- 2016. "On the Morphology of the Drosophila Heart. (mdpi.com)
Proteome1
- Here we describe the proteome of Drosophila melanogaster centromeres as analyzed by quantitative affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS). The AP-MS input chromatin material was prepared from D. melanogaster cell lines expressing CENP-ACID or H3.3 fused to EGFP as baits. (mendeley.com)
Neurobiology2
- In: Siddiqi O., Babu P., Hall L.M., Hall J.C. (eds) Development and Neurobiology of Drosophila. (springer.com)
- Completed PhD work in a Drosophila neurobiology laboratory at UC San Francisco. (genomeweb.com)
Characterization1
- T.R. Venkatesh, S. Zingde and K.S. Krishnan, Isolation and characterization of membranes from Drosophila melanogaster ,this volume. (springer.com)
Mutagenesis1
- Ivanov, Y.N. Stability of sex ratio at mutagenesis in Drosophila melanogaster . (ou.edu)
Endosymbiont1
- Haselkorn, T. S. The Spiroplasma heritable bacterial endosymbiont of Drosophila . (nature.com)
Development6
- Functional assays performed in Drosophila reveal that miPEP-8 affects development when overexpressed or knocked down. (scoop.it)
- Here we address the functions of Drosophila Myc (dMyc) during development. (nih.gov)
- Thermal fluctuations during development in Drosophila melanogaster lead to detrimental cold and beneficial heat acclimation responses, while thermal fluctuations induce little acclimation response during adult exposure. (biologists.org)
- Drosophila were exposed throughout development (egg through third instar larva) in culture vials to medium containing MMC. (cdc.gov)
- Studies in Drosophila have provided the framework for understanding human development and disease processes governed by the Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted signaling molecules. (sciencemag.org)
- This review will give an overview on these genome-wide approaches to Drosophila heart development and on computational analyses of the obtained information that ultimately aim to provide a description of this process at the systems level. (mdpi.com)
Reproductive isolation1
- Reproductive isolation in the Drosophila longicornis species complex. (ou.edu)
Evolution2
- The Lab The recruited postdoc will be based in Paris Museum of Natural History (MNHN) and will work in close collaboration with Vincent Debat ( http://www.evomorpho.com/ ) in the team Evolution et Developpement des variation phénotypiques ( http://isyeb.mnhn.fr/annuaire-et-pages-personnelles/pages-personnelles/Nouvelle-traduction-Violaine?lang=en ). (mail-archive.com)
- An evolution of Michael Ashburner's 1989 classic Drosophila: A Laboratory Manual, this book is an essential addition to the personal library of Drosophila investigators and an incomparable resource for other research groups with goals likely to require fly-based technical approaches. (cshlpress.com)
Eggs2
- Maternally synthesized bicoid mRNAs attach to microtubules and are concentrated at the anterior ends of forming Drosophila eggs. (bionity.com)
- It can take up to 14 days for Drosophila eggs to result in viable adults, so order accordingly (3 weeks before intended use date is recommended). (flinnsci.com)
Transgenic1
- This information is necessary for BRS to confirm that the transgenic Drosophila melanogaster are not regulated articles before issuing a courtesy permit. (usda.gov)
Third chromosome1
- A new paracentric inversion in the left arm of the third chromosome of Drosophila ananassae . (ou.edu)