Down-Regulation
Down Syndrome
RNA, Messenger
Phorbol Esters
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate
Gene Expression Regulation
Antigens, CD46
Cells, Cultured
Gene Expression Profiling
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
RNA Interference
Apoptosis
Signal Transduction
RNA, Small Interfering
Citric Acid
Receptor, Insulin
Transcription, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Protein Kinase C
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell Differentiation
Blotting, Western
Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Phosphorylation
Gene Expression
Measles virus
Cell Division
Transfection
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Base Sequence
Flow Cytometry
Receptors, Virus
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2
Transcription Factors
Cell Cycle
Mutation
Pregnancy
MicroRNAs
Gene Silencing
Fibroblasts
Cell Movement
Enzyme Activation
Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
Amino Acid Sequence
Epidermal Growth Factor
Binding, Competitive
Insulin
Cell Membrane
Cadherins
Plant Extracts
Neoplasm Proteins
Membrane Proteins
Blotting, Northern
Repressor Proteins
DNA-Binding Proteins
Binding Sites
Antigens, CD
Carrier Proteins
Immunohistochemistry
Liver
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
Disease Models, Animal
Cell Survival
Up-Regulation
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Epithelial Cells
Cytokines
Rats, Wistar
Lipopolysaccharides
Tumor Suppressor Proteins
Enzyme Inhibitors
Protein Binding
Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor
HeLa Cells
Cell Nucleus
Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Genetic Vectors
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
DNA
Nuclear Proteins
Cyclic AMP
Models, Biological
Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
Macrophages
Interferon-gamma
T-Lymphocytes
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
Prenatal Diagnosis
Gene Knockdown Techniques
Estriol
Pregnancy Trimester, Second
Leukemia, Megakaryoblastic, Acute
Amniocentesis
Fetal Diseases
alpha-Fetoproteins
Nasal Bone
Nuchal Translucency Measurement
Nondisjunction, Genetic
Phenotype
Pregnancy Trimester, First
Pregnancy, High-Risk
Ultrasonography, Prenatal
Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human
Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A
Stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development. (1/25249)
The essential role of vitamin A and its metabolites, retinoids, in kidney development has been demonstrated in vitamin A deficiency and gene targeting studies. Retinoids signal via nuclear transcription factors belonging to the retinoic acid receptor (RAR) and retinoid X receptor (RXR) families. Inactivation of RARaplpha and RARbeta2 receptors together, but not singly, resulted in renal malformations, suggesting that within a given renal cell type, their concerted function is required for renal morphogenesis. At birth, RARalpha beta2(-) mutants displayed small kidneys, containing few ureteric bud branches, reduced numbers of nephrons and lacking the nephrogenic zone where new nephrons are continuously added. These observations have prompted us to investigate the role of RARalpha and RARbeta2 in renal development in detail. We have found that within the embryonic kidney, RARalpha and RARbeta2 are colocalized in stromal cells, but not in other renal cell types, suggesting that stromal cells mediate retinoid-dependent functions essential for renal development. Analysis of RARalpha beta2(-) mutant kidneys at embryonic stages revealed that nephrons were formed and revealed no changes in the intensity or distribution of molecular markers specific for different metanephric mesenchymal cell types. In contrast the development of the collecting duct system was greatly impaired in RARalpha beta2(-) mutant kidneys. Fewer ureteric bud branches were present, and ureteric bud ends were positioned abnormally, at a distance from the renal capsule. Analysis of genes important for ureteric bud morphogenesis revealed that the proto-oncogene c-ret was downregulated. Our results suggest that RARalpha and RARbeta2 are required for generating stromal cell signals that maintain c-ret expression in the embryonic kidney. Since c-ret signaling is required for ureteric bud morphogenesis, loss of c-ret expression is a likely cause of impaired ureteric bud branching in RARalpha beta2(-) mutants. (+info)Growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Grb2 downregulation is correlated with inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, cells. (2/25249)
Increased breast cancer growth has been associated with increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Upon activation, RTKs may transmit their oncogenic signals by binding to the growth factor receptor bound protein-2 (Grb2), which in turn binds to SOS and activates the Ras/Raf/MEK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Grb2 is important for the transformation of fibroblasts by EGFR and ErbB2; however, whether Grb2 is also important for the proliferation of breast cancer cells expressing these RTKs is unclear. We have used liposomes to deliver nuclease-resistant antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) specific for the GRB2 mRNA to breast cancer cells. Grb2 protein downregulation could inhibit breast cancer cell growth; the degree of growth inhibition was dependent upon the activation and/or endogenous levels of the RTKs. Grb2 inhibition led to MAP kinase inactivation in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, breast cancer cells, suggesting that different pathways might be used by EGFR and ErbB2 to regulate breast cancer growth. (+info)A cytomegalovirus glycoprotein re-routes MHC class I complexes to lysosomes for degradation. (3/25249)
Mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV) early gene expression interferes with the major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC class I) pathway of antigen presentation. Here we identify a 48 kDa type I transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the MCMV early gene m06, which tightly binds to properly folded beta2-microglobulin (beta2m)-associated MHC class I molecules in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This association is mediated by the lumenal/transmembrane part of the protein. gp48-MHC class I complexes are transported out of the ER, pass the Golgi, but instead of being expressed on the cell surface, they are redirected to the endocytic route and rapidly degraded in a Lamp-1(+) compartment. As a result, m06-expressing cells are impaired in presenting antigenic peptides to CD8(+) T cells. The cytoplasmic tail of gp48 contains two di-leucine motifs. Mutation of the membrane-proximal di-leucine motif of gp48 restored surface expression of MHC class I, while mutation of the distal one had no effect. The results establish a novel viral mechanism for downregulation of MHC class I molecules by directly binding surface-destined MHC complexes and exploiting the cellular di-leucine sorting machinery for lysosomal degradation. (+info)Epstein-barr virus regulates c-MYC, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity in Burkitt lymphoma. (4/25249)
Loss of the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) genome from Akata Burkitt lymphoma (BL) cells is coincident with a loss of malignant phenotype, despite the fact that Akata and other EBV-positive BL cells express a restricted set of EBV gene products (type I latency) that are not known to overtly affect cell growth. Here we demonstrate that reestablishment of type I latency in EBV-negative Akata cells restores tumorigenicity and that tumorigenic potential correlates with an increased resistance to apoptosis under growth-limiting conditions. The antiapoptotic effect of EBV was associated with a higher level of Bcl-2 expression and an EBV-dependent decrease in steady-state levels of c-MYC protein. Although the EBV EBNA-1 protein is expressed in all EBV-associated tumors and is reported to have oncogenic potential, enforced expression of EBNA-1 alone in EBV-negative Akata cells failed to restore tumorigenicity or EBV-dependent down-regulation of c-MYC. These data provide direct evidence that EBV contributes to the tumorigenic potential of Burkitt lymphoma and suggest a novel model whereby a restricted latency program of EBV promotes B-cell survival, and thus virus persistence within an immune host, by selectively targeting the expression of c-MYC. (+info)Control of growth and differentiation by Drosophila RasGAP, a homolog of p120 Ras-GTPase-activating protein. (5/25249)
Mammalian Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP), p120 Ras-GAP, has been implicated as both a downregulator and effector of Ras proteins, but its precise role in Ras-mediated signal transduction pathways is unclear. To begin a genetic analysis of the role of p120 Ras-GAP we identified a homolog from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster through its ability to complement the sterility of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) gap1 mutant strain. Like its mammalian homolog, Drosophila RasGAP stimulated the intrinsic GTPase activity of normal mammalian H-Ras but not that of the oncogenic Val12 mutant. RasGAP was tyrosine phosphorylated in embryos and its Src homology 2 (SH2) domains could bind in vitro to a small number of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins expressed at various developmental stages. Ectopic expression of RasGAP in the wing imaginal disc reduced the size of the adult wing by up to 45% and suppressed ectopic wing vein formation caused by expression of activated forms of Breathless and Heartless, two Drosophila receptor tyrosine kinases of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family. The in vivo effects of RasGAP overexpression required intact SH2 domains, indicating that intracellular localization of RasGAP through SH2-phosphotyrosine interactions is important for its activity. These results show that RasGAP can function as an inhibitor of signaling pathways mediated by Ras and receptor tyrosine kinases in vivo. Genetic interactions, however, suggested a Ras-independent role for RasGAP in the regulation of growth. The system described here should enable genetic screens to be performed to identify regulators and effectors of p120 Ras-GAP. (+info)Down-regulation of RpS21, a putative translation initiation factor interacting with P40, produces viable minute imagos and larval lethality with overgrown hematopoietic organs and imaginal discs. (6/25249)
Down-regulation of the Drosophila ribosomal protein S21 gene (rpS21) causes a dominant weak Minute phenotype and recessively produces massive hyperplasia of the hematopoietic organs and moderate overgrowth of the imaginal discs during larval development. Here, we show that the S21 protein (RpS21) is bound to native 40S ribosomal subunits in a salt-labile association and is absent from polysomes, indicating that it acts as a translation initiation factor rather than as a core ribosomal protein. RpS21 can interact strongly with P40, a ribosomal peripheral protein encoded by the stubarista (sta) gene. Genetic studies reveal that P40 underexpression drastically enhances imaginal disc overgrowth in rpS21-deficient larvae, whereas viable combinations between rpS21 and sta affect the morphology of bristles, antennae, and aristae. These data demonstrate a strong interaction between components of the translation machinery and showed that their underexpression impairs the control of cell proliferation in both hematopoietic organs and imaginal discs. (+info)Transformation of intestinal epithelial cells by chronic TGF-beta1 treatment results in downregulation of the type II TGF-beta receptor and induction of cyclooxygenase-2. (7/25249)
The precise role of TGF-beta in colorectal carcinogenesis is not clear. The purpose of this study was to determine the phenotypic alterations caused by chronic exposure to TGF-beta in non-transformed intestinal epithelial (RIE-1) cells. Growth of RIE-1 cells was inhibited by >75% following TGF-beta1 treatment for 7 days, after which the cells resumed a normal growth despite the presence of TGF-beta1. These 'TGF-beta-resistant' cells (RIE-Tr) were continuously exposed to TGF-beta for >50 days. Unlike the parental RIE cells, RIE-Tr cells lost contact inhibition, formed foci in culture, grew in soft agarose. RIE-Tr cells demonstrated TGF-beta-dependent invasive potential in an in vitro assay and were resistant to Matrigel and Na-butyrate-induced apoptosis. The RIE-Tr cells were also tumorigenic in nude mice. The transformed phenotype of RIE-Tr cells was associated with a 95% decrease in the level of the type II TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRII) protein, a 40-fold increase in cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein, and 5.9-fold increase in the production of prostacyclin. Most RIE-Tr subclones that expressed low levels of TbetaRII and high levels of COX-2 were tumorigenic. Those subclones that express abundant TbetaRII and low levels of COX-2 were not tumorigenic in nude mice. A selective COX-2 inhibitor inhibited RIE-Tr cell growth in culture and tumor growth in nude mice. The reduced expression of TbetaRII, increased expression of COX-2, and the ability to form colonies in Matrigel were all reversible upon withdrawal of exogenous TGF-beta1 for the RIE-Tr cells. (+info)Downregulation of metallothionein-IIA expression occurs at immortalization. (8/25249)
Metallothioneins (MTs) may modulate a variety of cellular processes by regulating the activity of zinc-binding proteins. These proteins have been implicated in cell growth regulation, and their expression is abnormal in some tumors. In particular, MT-IIA is expressed 27-fold less in human colorectal tumors and tumor cell lines compared with normal tissue (Zhang et al., 1997). Here we demonstrate that MT-IIA downregulation occurs when human cells become immortal, a key event in tumorigenesis. After immortalization MT-IIA expression remains inducible but the basal activity of the MT-IIA promoter is decreased. MT-IIA downregulation at immortalization is one of the most common immortalization-related changes identified to date, suggesting that MT-IIA has a role in this process. (+info)Down syndrome can be diagnosed before birth through prenatal testing, such as chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis, or after birth through a blood test. The symptoms of Down syndrome can vary from person to person, but common physical features include:
* A flat face with a short neck and small ears
* A short stature
* A wide, short hands with short fingers
* A small head
* Almond-shaped eyes that are slanted upward
* A single crease in the palm of the hand
People with Down syndrome may also have cognitive delays and intellectual disability, as well as increased risk of certain medical conditions such as heart defects, gastrointestinal problems, and hearing and vision loss.
There is no cure for Down syndrome, but early intervention and proper medical care can greatly improve the quality of life for individuals with the condition. Treatment may include speech and language therapy, occupational therapy, physical therapy, and special education programs. With appropriate support and resources, people with Down syndrome can lead fulfilling and productive lives.
1) They share similarities with humans: Many animal species share similar biological and physiological characteristics with humans, making them useful for studying human diseases. For example, mice and rats are often used to study diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and cancer because they have similar metabolic and cardiovascular systems to humans.
2) They can be genetically manipulated: Animal disease models can be genetically engineered to develop specific diseases or to model human genetic disorders. This allows researchers to study the progression of the disease and test potential treatments in a controlled environment.
3) They can be used to test drugs and therapies: Before new drugs or therapies are tested in humans, they are often first tested in animal models of disease. This allows researchers to assess the safety and efficacy of the treatment before moving on to human clinical trials.
4) They can provide insights into disease mechanisms: Studying disease models in animals can provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of a particular disease. This information can then be used to develop new treatments or improve existing ones.
5) Reduces the need for human testing: Using animal disease models reduces the need for human testing, which can be time-consuming, expensive, and ethically challenging. However, it is important to note that animal models are not perfect substitutes for human subjects, and results obtained from animal studies may not always translate to humans.
6) They can be used to study infectious diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study infectious diseases such as HIV, TB, and malaria. These models allow researchers to understand how the disease is transmitted, how it progresses, and how it responds to treatment.
7) They can be used to study complex diseases: Animal disease models can be used to study complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and heart disease. These models allow researchers to understand the underlying mechanisms of the disease and test potential treatments.
8) They are cost-effective: Animal disease models are often less expensive than human clinical trials, making them a cost-effective way to conduct research.
9) They can be used to study drug delivery: Animal disease models can be used to study drug delivery and pharmacokinetics, which is important for developing new drugs and drug delivery systems.
10) They can be used to study aging: Animal disease models can be used to study the aging process and age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. This allows researchers to understand how aging contributes to disease and develop potential treatments.
There are different types of Breast Neoplasms such as:
1. Fibroadenomas: These are benign tumors that are made up of glandular and fibrous tissues. They are usually small and round, with a smooth surface, and can be moved easily under the skin.
2. Cysts: These are fluid-filled sacs that can develop in both breast tissue and milk ducts. They are usually benign and can disappear on their own or be drained surgically.
3. Ductal Carcinoma In Situ (DCIS): This is a precancerous condition where abnormal cells grow inside the milk ducts. If left untreated, it can progress to invasive breast cancer.
4. Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC): This is the most common type of breast cancer and starts in the milk ducts but grows out of them and invades surrounding tissue.
5. Invasive Lobular Carcinoma (ILC): It originates in the milk-producing glands (lobules) and grows out of them, invading nearby tissue.
Breast Neoplasms can cause various symptoms such as a lump or thickening in the breast or underarm area, skin changes like redness or dimpling, change in size or shape of one or both breasts, discharge from the nipple, and changes in the texture or color of the skin.
Treatment options for Breast Neoplasms may include surgery such as lumpectomy, mastectomy, or breast-conserving surgery, radiation therapy which uses high-energy beams to kill cancer cells, chemotherapy using drugs to kill cancer cells, targeted therapy which uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack cancer cells while minimizing harm to normal cells, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and clinical trials.
It is important to note that not all Breast Neoplasms are cancerous; some are benign (non-cancerous) tumors that do not spread or grow.
Trisomy is caused by an extra copy of a chromosome, which can be due to one of three mechanisms:
1. Trisomy 21 (Down syndrome): This is the most common type of trisomy and occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 21. It is estimated to occur in about 1 in every 700 births.
2. Trisomy 13 (Patau syndrome): This type of trisomy occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 13. It is estimated to occur in about 1 in every 10,000 births.
3. Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome): This type of trisomy occurs when there is an extra copy of chromosome 18. It is estimated to occur in about 1 in every 2,500 births.
The symptoms of trisomy can vary depending on the type of trisomy and the severity of the condition. Some common symptoms include:
* Delayed physical growth and development
* Intellectual disability
* Distinctive facial features, such as a flat nose, small ears, and a wide, short face
* Heart defects
* Vision and hearing problems
* GI issues
* Increased risk of infection
Trisomy can be diagnosed before birth through prenatal testing, such as chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or amniocentesis. After birth, it can be diagnosed through a blood test or by analyzing the child's DNA.
There is no cure for trisomy, but treatment and support are available to help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with the condition. This may include physical therapy, speech therapy, occupational therapy, and medication to manage heart defects or other medical issues. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to correct physical abnormalities.
The prognosis for trisomy varies depending on the type of trisomy and the severity of the condition. Some forms of trisomy are more severe and can be life-threatening, while others may have a more mild impact on the individual's quality of life. With appropriate medical care and support, many individuals with trisomy can lead fulfilling lives.
In summary, trisomy is a genetic condition that occurs when there is an extra copy of a chromosome. It can cause a range of symptoms and can be diagnosed before or after birth. While there is no cure for trisomy, treatment and support are available to help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for individuals with the condition.
Symptoms of megakaryoblastic leukemia may include fatigue, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and an enlarged spleen. The disease can progress quickly, and without treatment, it can lead to life-threatening complications such as bleeding, infection, and organ failure.
Treatment for megakaryoblastic leukemia typically involves chemotherapy, which is a type of cancer medication that kills cancer cells. In some cases, bone marrow transplantation may also be recommended. The prognosis for this disease is generally poor, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%.
Megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare condition, accounting for only about 1% to 2% of all cases of acute leukemia. It is most commonly seen in children, but it can also occur in adults. The exact cause of this disease is not known, but genetic mutations and exposure to certain chemicals or radiation have been implicated as potential risk factors.
Overall, megakaryoblastic leukemia is a rare and aggressive form of cancer that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. With current treatment options, the prognosis for this disease is generally poor, but ongoing research is exploring new and innovative approaches to improve outcomes for patients with this condition.
Examples of fetal diseases include:
1. Down syndrome: A genetic disorder caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21, which can cause delays in physical and intellectual development, as well as increased risk of heart defects and other health problems.
2. Spina bifida: A birth defect that affects the development of the spine and brain, resulting in a range of symptoms from mild to severe.
3. Cystic fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, causing thick mucus buildup and recurring lung infections.
4. Anencephaly: A condition where a portion of the brain and skull are missing, which is usually fatal within a few days or weeks of birth.
5. Clubfoot: A deformity of the foot and ankle that can be treated with casts or surgery.
6. Hirschsprung's disease: A condition where the nerve cells that control bowel movements are missing, leading to constipation and other symptoms.
7. Diaphragmatic hernia: A birth defect that occurs when there is a hole in the diaphragm, allowing organs from the abdomen to move into the chest cavity.
8. Gastroschisis: A birth defect where the intestines protrude through a opening in the abdominal wall.
9. Congenital heart disease: Heart defects that are present at birth, such as holes in the heart or narrowed blood vessels.
10. Neural tube defects: Defects that affect the brain and spine, such as spina bifida and anencephaly.
Early detection and diagnosis of fetal diseases can be crucial for ensuring proper medical care and improving outcomes for affected babies. Prenatal testing, such as ultrasound and blood tests, can help identify fetal anomalies and genetic disorders during pregnancy.
There are several types of genetic nondisjunction, including:
1. Robertsonian translocation: This type of nondisjunction involves the exchange of genetic material between two chromosomes, resulting in a mixture of genetic information that can lead to developmental abnormalities.
2. Turner syndrome: This is a rare condition that occurs when one X chromosome is missing or partially present, leading to physical and developmental abnormalities in females.
3. Klinefelter syndrome: This condition occurs when an extra X chromosome is present, leading to physical and developmental abnormalities in males.
4. Trisomy 13: This condition occurs when there are three copies of chromosome 13, leading to severe developmental and physical abnormalities.
5. Trisomy 18: This condition occurs when there are three copies of chromosome 18, leading to severe developmental and physical abnormalities.
Genetic nondisjunction can be caused by various factors, including genetic mutations, errors during meiosis, or exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. It can be diagnosed through cytogenetic analysis, which involves studying the chromosomes of cells to identify any abnormalities.
Treatment for genetic nondisjunction depends on the specific type and severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment is necessary, while in others, medication or surgery may be recommended. Prenatal testing can also be done to detect genetic nondisjunction before birth.
In summary, genetic nondisjunction is a chromosomal abnormality that occurs during meiosis and can lead to developmental and physical abnormalities. It can be caused by various factors and diagnosed through cytogenetic analysis. Treatment depends on the specific type and severity of the condition, and prenatal testing is available to detect genetic nondisjunction before birth.
Regulation
Load regulation
Regulation CF
Oxygen regulation
EPrivacy Regulation
Insolvency Regulation
Regulation Colours
Regulation (disambiguation)
Algorithmic regulation
Wage regulation
CLP Regulation
Regulation (Brussels)
Microprudential regulation
Population regulation
Voltage regulation
Regulation Law
Macroprudential regulation
Rent regulation
Regulation school
Prudential regulation
Rhine Regulation
Evidence Regulation
Dublin Regulation
Regulation A
Transcriptional regulation
Regulation Q
Service Regulation
Translational regulation
Affect regulation
Trade regulation
Ebola (Ebola Virus Disease) | CDC
Treatment of multiple traumatized adolescents by enhancing regulation skills and reducing trauma related symptoms: rationale,...
Website Rules, Regulations and Disclaimers
Epigenetic regulation of functional candidate genes for milk production traits in dairy sheep subjected to protein restriction...
CLIA Law & Regulation
Guidance document: Reimbursement related to Assisted Human Reproduction Regulations - Canada.ca
NIMH » HPA down-regulation
Selected Publications - Eukaryotic Transcriptional Regulation Group
NLM Intramural Research - Networks, Gene Regulation, and Chromatin
Gene Regulation & Development Section - NIDDK
Autonomic Neural Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Regulation | NHLBI, NIH
Safety, Regulation & Guidance | National Institutes of Health (NIH)
NIMH · Workshop Home
Health practitioner regulation and national health goals
Gene Regulation Section | National Institute on Aging
NIH Guide: PEPTIDE REGULATION OF ALCOHOL INTAKE
Lymphocyte Transcriptional Regulation Unit | NIAMS
Tobacco product regulation
Grant Abstract: NUTRITIONAL REGULATION OF BONE
Regulation
Autonomic Nervous System Anatomy: Overview, Gross Anatomy, Cardiac and Vascular Regulation
Trichloroethylene Toxicity: Regulations and Guidelines | Environmental Medicine | ATSDR
Notice to Readers: Revised International Health Regulations Effective
for the United States
Adverse Outcome Pathways: From Research to Regulation
Emotion Regulation | Psychology Today
Shipping Regulations--Biomedical Materials
Regulation | HIMSS
Trust in Government - Better Regulation - OECD
Autonomic Neural Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Regulation1
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), in partnership with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of the Director (OD), convened a workshop on "Autonomic Neural Mechanisms of Cardiopulmonary Regulation. (nih.gov)
20162
- That allows EPA to evaluate the intended use and to regulate prospective manufacturers or processors of TCE before the use occurs, provided that regulation is warranted under the act (NTP, 2016). (cdc.gov)
- Agreement 9/2016 , Regulation governing for the declaration of equivalence of foreign higher education qualifications at the academic level of doctoral studies. (uv.es)
Cryptocurrency regulation1
- The outcome could have repercussions for cryptocurrency regulation. (investopedia.com)
Transcriptional Regulation1
- The Transcriptional Regulation of Lymphocytes Unit focuses on the mechanisms behind T Cell specification. (nih.gov)
Crypto4
- The European Union's proposed regulation aims at protecting crypto investors and maintaining the digital currency's market stability. (investopedia.com)
- The European Union is at advanced stages of finalising the new Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation. (pwc.com)
- This PwC Crypto Regulation 2023 report details the ongoing regulatory developments in over 25 jurisdictions. (pwc.com)
- As recent events have shown, there is a need for sensible, consistent regulation of crypto markets around the world. (pwc.com)
Epigenetic1
- Epigenetic changes during VDJ recombination: Multiple epigenetic marks have been proposed to contribute to the regulation of antigen receptor gene assembly via V(D)J recombination. (nih.gov)
Gene regulation2
- NLM's networks, gene regulation, and chromatin research focuses on diverse aspects of gene regulation, such as chromatin organization, DNA conformation, DNA-protein interaction, DNA regulatory elements, and gene regulatory networks. (nih.gov)
- This area of research includes the role of gene regulation and interaction networks in diseases such as cancer, using big data from new experimental technologies. (nih.gov)
International Health Regu2
- Organization (WHO) recognized the need to overhaul of preexisting systems and infrastructure, past and present international public health cooperation, and they revised objectives of health ministries and their external partners, the International Health Regulations (IHR). (cdc.gov)
- On July 18, 2007, the revised International Health Regulations (IHRs) entered into effect for the United States. (cdc.gov)
Obama3
- A judge ruled the secretary of education's attempts to delay the Obama administration's regulations "unlawful. (huffpost.com)
- While the Mexico City policy was longstanding, this Bush regulation Obama officials are addressing was issued only in late 2008 and took effect on the former president's last day in office. (npr.org)
- The Department of Health and Human Services will begin the process to formally rescind the regulation next week, according to Obama administration sources. (npr.org)
Laboratory3
- The section of the federal regulations titled "Standards and Certification: Laboratory Requirements" is issued by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) to enact the CLIA law passed by Congress (see below). (cdc.gov)
- In general terms, the CLIA regulations establish quality standards for laboratory testing performed on specimens from humans, such as blood, body fluid and tissue, for the purpose of diagnosis, prevention, or treatment of disease, or assessment of health. (cdc.gov)
- The SOM is used by state offices to administer various federal programs, such as clinical laboratory certification under the CLIA regulations, and enforced by CMS. (cdc.gov)
Guidance4
- Guidance documents are meant to provide assistance to industry and health care professionals on how to comply with governing statutes and regulations. (canada.ca)
- This Guidance document provides information on the interpretation and application of the Reimbursement Related to Assisted Human Reproduction Regulations (the Regulations) which are made under the Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHR Act). (canada.ca)
- The Regulations and this Guidance document apply to persons who make reimbursements under the AHR Act. (canada.ca)
- It is also a source of guidance to laboratories for interpreting the CLIA regulations. (cdc.gov)
Laws2
- User access to and use of the Site are subject to all applicable federal, state and local laws, rules and regulations. (ameriprise.com)
- Laws, regulations, administrative requirements, policies, or policy, and financing other government instruments in place are sufficient for implementation of obligations under IHR. (cdc.gov)
Comply2
- Most OTC drugs are not reviewed and approved by FDA, however they may be marketed if they comply with applicable regulations and policies. (nih.gov)
- Provides, inter alia, that where a person or mine does not fully comply with a requirement of the regulations, but the State mining engineer is satisfied that there is substantial compliance, he may in writing exempt the person or mine from the requirement, subject to such terms and conditions as he specifies. (ilo.org)
Health13
- Furthermore, the AHR Act allows a surrogate mother to be reimbursed in accordance with the Regulations for the loss of work-related income incurred during her pregnancy if a qualified medical practitioner certifies in writing that continuing to work may pose a risk to her health or that of the embryo or foetus. (canada.ca)
- Critically evaluate the current state of knowledge of the roles that the autonomic neural system (ANS) plays in regulation of cardiopulmonary function in health and in pathophysiology of arrhythmias, heart failure, and breathing disorders. (nih.gov)
- The regulations and the framework describe the capacities across an entire public health system. (cdc.gov)
- The federal government has developed regulations and guidelines for TCE to protect the public and workers from potential adverse health effects from exposure. (cdc.gov)
- In some cases, though, a lack of appropriate emotion regulation may be a sign of a mental health condition such as borderline personality disorder or depression . (psychologytoday.com)
- Search our medical & health expert witness and consultant directory that includes expert listings for pharmacology, independent medical examiners, brain injury and trauma, competence, medical chart review, FDA Medical Device Regulation and more. (law.com)
- Supporters of the regulation say it was needed to clarify protections for health care workers who do not wish to participate in abortion or abortion-related activities. (npr.org)
- The lack of regulations resulted in confusion and a lack of awareness within the health care community, leaving health care personnel vulnerable to discrimination and forcing them to drop their specialties at a crucial time of health care scarcity," says Tony Perkins of the Family Research Council. (npr.org)
- The rules as written appropriately protect pro-life health care workers," said Stephen H. Aden, senior legal counsel for the Alliance Defense Fund, which is defending the regulation in several lawsuits that have been filed against it. (npr.org)
- The Consumer Services and Health Care Regulation Commission is responsible for programs in the areas of health care facility licensing and certification, health care quality, and weights and measures. (in.gov)
- State or federal regulations require health facilities or entities to report certain types of "incidents" to the IDOH. (in.gov)
- For anyone who has begun to find the health care battle in Congress tiresome, another interesting legislative push is beginning to heat up: financial regulation. (theatlantic.com)
- This regulation establishes the University's Environmental Health and Safety Committee, Chemical Safety Committee, Institutional Biosafety Committee, and Radiation Safety Committee. (uky.edu)
Amendments1
- Sets forth final regulations relating to amendments made to IRC Section 402(c) by Section 13613 of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, Public Law 115-97 (131 Stat. 2054). (irs.gov)
Year's2
- There's broad public support for some financial regulation in response to last year's crisis. (theatlantic.com)
- Given the sophisticated technologies involved with these virtual assets, countries must discuss whether a given regulation is needed, said Sitharaman, whose country is this year's G20 president. (reuters.com)
Establish1
- The Regulations establish a verifiable process by which reimbursements that are subject to section 12 of the AHR Act may be made. (canada.ca)
Framework1
- OECD analysis shows that conducting RIA within an appropriate systematic framework can strengthen the capacity of governments to ensure that regulations are efficient and effective. (oecd.org)
Environmental3
- Indeed, some of the most important impacts of environmental policies take place outside of the market that is targeted for regulation. (repec.org)
- Environmental Taxation and Regulation ," NBER Working Papers 8458, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc. (repec.org)
- Environmental taxation and regulation ," Handbook of Public Economics , in: A. J. Auerbach & M. Feldstein (ed. (repec.org)
Search1
- Visit the CLIA Documents page to search and view the Federal Register Notices and former editions of the Code of Federal Regulations (published annually in October). (cdc.gov)
Context2
- This review considers regulation of P450 in a context that describes the potential role and physiological significance of each modification. (nih.gov)
- The Committees functions within the context of established external regulations, University policies, and recognized standards for the safe conduct of operations. (uky.edu)
Difficulty2
- Researchers have reported that alexithymia is associated with distress and difficulty with emotion regulation. (psychologytoday.com)
- I think that Dodd's struggles even within his own party in the Senate underscore the difficulty that lies ahead for financial regulation. (theatlantic.com)
Requirement1
- The proposed regulation sets forth alternatives to the physical presence requirement in Section 1.401(a)-21(d)(6) for the witnessing of a spousal consent. (irs.gov)
Organization1
- After briefings from CDC on the need for state and local support to implement the revised IHRs, the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists on June 28, 2007, approved a resolution that the organization will support the new regulations (available at http://www.cste.org/ps/2007ps/2007psfinal/id/07-id-06.pdf ). (cdc.gov)
Guidelines2
Markets1
- The sooner that we get such regulations the safer these markets can be, and the sooner they can flourish. (pwc.com)
Eligible3
- persons who incur expenditures for the maintenance and transport of an in vitro embryo that also fall within the scope of eligible expenditures set out in the Regulations may also be reimbursed. (canada.ca)
- Eligible expenditures incurred in the course of sperm or ova donation, in the maintenance or transportation of an in vitro embryo, or, for surrogate mothers, eligible expenditures incurred by her in relation to her surrogacy and the loss of work-related income, may be reimbursed only if it is done in accordance with the regulations. (canada.ca)
- Except where an exemption is provided for in the Regulations, a receipt for the eligible expenditure must be provided to the reimburser as a condition of the reimbursement. (canada.ca)
Rules2
- By accessing the Site you indicate your acknowledgment and acceptance of these Rules and Regulations. (ameriprise.com)
- You know this whole period has the feeling a little bit like right after Enron, when you knew Congress was working up some new rules and regulations. (marketplace.org)
Rule1
- The proposed regulations provide an exception, if certain requirements are met, to the application of the "unified plan rule" for MEPs in the event of a failure by one or more employers participating in the plan to take actions required of them to satisfy the applicable requirements of the Code. (irs.gov)
Experts1
- While there are many ways to influence one's emotional state for the better, emotion regulation often involves what experts call "down-regulation," or reducing the intensity of emotions. (psychologytoday.com)
Made3
- Specifically, they require evidence that a reimbursement has been made in accordance with the Act and Regulations, which is to be documented by the parties involved. (canada.ca)
- The numerous Formula One regulations, made and enforced by the FIA and later the FISA , have changed dramatically since the first Formula One World Championship in 1950. (wikipedia.org)
- Made under the Mines Regulation Act 1946. (ilo.org)
Services1
- Risk-based approaches to the design of regulation and compliance strategies can improve the welfare of the general public by providing better protection from hazards, more efficient government services and reduced costs for business. (oecd.org)
Congress1
- With the new Congress sure to consider fresh regulations for the financial industry, and soon too, we've asked Marketplace's Steven Henn to recap what got us to this point. (marketplace.org)
Regulatory1
- Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) is a systemic approach to critically assessing the positive and negative effects of proposed and existing regulations. (oecd.org)
Studies3
- Regulations of official postgraduate studies at the Universitat de València. (uv.es)
- Criteria for the equivalence of studies taken in PhD programmes adapted to the EHEA with PhD programmes with previous regulations. (uv.es)
- Knowledge of P450 posttranslational regulation is derived from studies with relatively few enzymes. (nih.gov)
Financial2
- The global financial and economic crisis has uncovered major failings in governance and regulation, which have undermined trust in public and private institutions alike. (oecd.org)
- For traditional financial institutions, digital assets regulation gives the long needed clarity and certainty to enter the space and start building their digital assets offerings. (pwc.com)
Quality1
- A recognized international expert in US FDA regulations and quality system implementation. (law.com)
Alone cannot2
- While regulation alone cannot solve that, clarity across terminology and application of regulation, along with firms' enhancements to their risk management capabilities and procedures, is a good starting point. (pwc.com)
- We are talking to all nations, that if it requires regulation, then one country alone cannot do anything,' Sitharaman told reporters after meeting the central bank's directors in New Delhi. (reuters.com)
State2
- Emotion regulation is the ability to exert control over one's own emotional state. (psychologytoday.com)
- This article covers the current state of F1 technical and sporting regulations, as well as the history of the technical regulations since 1950. (wikipedia.org)
Important1
- With the introduction of current proteomics tools, we are primed to answer many important questions regarding regulation of P450 in response to a posttranslational modification. (nih.gov)
Technology1
- This would be, frankly, an insane classification on which to base regulations of whatever technology you had in mind. (foresight.org)
Lack1
- Amid all the finger pointing going on here, and there is plenty of it, one thing that comes up a lot is regulation, or the lack thereof. (marketplace.org)
Support1
- The regulation, ironically drafted in secret, comes as Republican support for the embattled administrator wanes. (huffpost.com)
Final1
- The final CLIA regulations were published in 1992, phased in through 1994, and amended in 1993, 1995, and 2003. (cdc.gov)