Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Decreased liver and lung drug-metabolizing activity in mice treated with Corynebacterium parvum. (1/73494)
Injections of killed suspensions of Corynebacterium parvum (i.p.) in young male mice were followed by time- and dose-dependent decreases in the drug-metabolizing activity of liver microsomes and lung homogenates. In vitro assays with model substrates [aminopyrine, aniline, p-nitroanisole, and benzo(a)pyrene] were used to quantitate drug-metabolizing activity. It is likely that such decreases in mixed function oxidases activity will act to significantly alter the pharmacokinetics of concurrently or subsequently administered drugs. The results provide a possible mechanism to explain several previously reported immunochemotherapeutic interactions. (+info)The incorporation of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine into the DNA of HeLa cells and the induction of alkaline phosphatase activity. (2/73494)
Inhibition of DNA synthesis during the period of exposure of HeLa cells to 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) inhibited the induction of alkaline phosphatase activity. This finding, taken together with previous findings that IUdR did not induce alkaline phosphatase activity in the presence of 2-fold molar excess thymidinemonstrated that IUdR incorporation into DNA is correlated with the increase in alkaline phosphatase activity. With the exception of an interim period described in the text, induction of alkaline phosphatase activity was linearly related to medium concentrations of IUdR of up to at least 3 muM. However, the extent of IUdR substitution in DNA did not appear to be related to the degree of enzyme induction. Alkaline phosphatase activity continued to increase at medium concentrations of IUdR from 1 to 3 muM, while little further substitution of DNA occurred. (+info)The effects of estrogens and antiestrogens on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (3/73494)
We have established or characterized six lines of human breast cancer maintained in long-term tissue culture for at least 1 year and have examined these lines for estrogen responsiveness. One of these cell lines, MCF-7, shows marked stimulation of macromolecular synthesis and cell division with physiological concentrations of estradiol. Antiestrogens are strongly inhibitory, and at concentrations greater than 3 X 10(-7) M they kill cells. Antiestrogen effects are prevented by simultaneous treatment with estradiol or reversed by addition of estradiol to cells incubated in antiestrogen. Responsive cell lines contain high-affinity specific estradiol receptors. Antiestrogens compete with estradiol for these receptors but have a lower apparent affinity for the receptor than estrogens. Stimulation of cells by estrogens is biphasic, with inhibition and cell death at concentrations of 17beta-estradiol or diethylstilbestrol exceeding 10(-7) M. Killing by high concentrations of estrogen is probably a nonspecific effect in that we observe this response with 17alpha-estradiol at equivalent concentrations and in the otherwise unresponsive cells that contain no estrogen receptor sites. (+info)The effects of glucocorticoids and progesterone on hormone-responsive human breast cancer in long-term tissue culture. (4/73494)
Glucocorticoids, at physiological concentration, inhibit cell division and thymidine incorporation in three lines of human breast cancer maintained in long-term tissue culture. At steroid concentrations sufficient to inhibit thymidine incorporation 50%, little or no effect is seen on protein synthesis 48 hr after hormone addition. All three of these lines are shown to have glucocorticoid receptors demonstrable by competitive protein binding assays. Receptors are extensively characterized in one line by sucrose density gradient analysis and binding specificity studies. Good correlation between receptor-binding specificity and biological activity is found except for progesterone, which binds to glucocorticoid receptor but is noninhibitory. Cross-competition and quantification studies demonstrate a separate receptor for progesterone. This receptor has limited binding specificities restricted largely to progestational agents, whereas the glucocorticoid receptor bound both glucocorticoids and progesterone. Two other human breast cancer lines neither contain glucocorticoid receptor nor are inhibited by glucocorticoids. It is concluded that in some cases glucocorticoids can directly limit growth in human breast cancer in vitro without requiring alterations in other trophic hormones. (+info)Tissue pharmacokinetics, inhibition of DNA synthesis and tumor cell kill after high-dose methotrexate in murine tumor models. (5/73494)
In Sarcoma 180 and L1210 ascites tumor models, the initial rate of methotrexate accumulation in tumor cells in the peritoneal cavity and in small intestine (intracellularly) after s.c. doses up to 800 mg/kg, showed saturation kinetics. These results and the fact that initial uptake in these tissues within this dosage range was inhibited to the expected relative extent by the simultaneous administration of leucovorin suggest that carrier mediation and not passive diffusion is the major route of drug entry at these extremely high doses. Maximum accumulation of intracellular drug occurred within 2 hr and reached much higher levels in small intestine than in tumor cells at the higher dosages. At a 3-mg/kg dose of methotrexate s.c., intracellular exchangeable drug levels persisted more than four times longer in L1210 cells than in small intestine, but differences in persistence (L1210 cell versus gut) diminished markedly with increasing dosage. At 96 mg/kg, the difference in persistence was less than 2-fold. In small intestine and L1210 cells, theduration of inhibition of DNA synthesis at different dosages correlated with the extent to which exchangeable drug was retained. Toxic deaths occurred when inhibition in small intestine lasted longer than 25 to 30 hr. Recovery of synthesis in small intestine and L1210 cells occurred synchronously and only below dosages of 400 mg/kg. Within 24 hr after dosages of greater than 24 mg/kg, the rate of tumor cell loss increased to a point characterized by a single exponential (t1/2=8.5 hr). The total cell loss, but not the rate of cell loss, was dose dependent. (+info)Quantification of baroreceptor influence on arterial pressure changes seen in primary angiotension-induced hypertension in dogs. (6/73494)
We studied the role of the sino-aortic baroreceptors in the gradual development of hypertension induced by prolonged administration of small amounts of angiotensin II (A II) in intact dogs and dogs with denervated sino-aortic baroreceptors. Short-term 1-hour infusions of A II(1.0-100 ng/kg per min) showed that conscious denervated dogs had twice the pressor sensitivity of intact dogs. Long-term infusions of A II at 5.0 ng/kg per min (2-3 weeks) with continuous 24-hour recordings of arterial pressure showed that intact dogs required 28 hours to reach the same level of pressure attained by denervated dogs during the 1st hour of infusion. At the 28th hour the pressure in both groups was 70% of the maximum value attained by the 7th day of infusion. Both intact and denervated dogs reached nearly the same plateau level of pressure, the magnitude being directly related both the the A II infusion rate and the daily sodium intake. Cardiac output in intact dogs initially decreased after the onset of A II infusion, but by the 5th day of infusion it was 38% above control, whereas blood volume was unchanged. Heart rate returned to normal after a reduction during the 1st day of infusion in intact dogs. Plasma renin activity could not be detected after 24 hours of A II infusion in either intact or denervated dogs. The data indicate that about 35% of the hypertensive effect of A II results from its acute pressor action, and an additional 35% of the gradual increase in arterial pressure is in large measure a result of baroreceptor resetting. We conclude that the final 30% increase in pressure seems to result from increased cardiac output, the cause of which may be decreased vascular compliance. since the blood volume remains unaltered. (+info)Acute and chronic dose-response relationships for angiotensin, aldosterone, and arterial pressure at varying levels of sodium intake. (7/73494)
We examined the acute and chronic dose-response relationships between intravenously infused angiotensin II (A II) and the resulting changes in arterial pressure and plasma aldosterone concentration at varying levels of sodium intake. Sequential analysis of plasma aldosterone at each A II infusion rate resulted in an acute dose-related increase in plasma aldosterone which was markedly attenuated after the first 24 hours of infusion, the final level being directly related to the dose of A II and inversely related to sodium intake. A II infused at 5,15, and 23 ng/kg per min was associated with an initial increase (2nd to 8th hour) in plasma aldosterone to 2,6, and 9 times control values, respectively, in dogs receiving 40 mEq Na+/day. But, after the 1st day, aldosterone averaged only 1, 1.7, and 3 times control values for the next 2 weeks at the same rates of A II infusion. Dogs receiving 120 mEq Na+/day during A II infusion exhibited only a transient increase in plasma aldosterone during the 1st day. Sustained hypertension developed over a period of a week at all doses of A II at normal and high sodium intake, but did not occur at any dose of A II in sodium-depleted dogs. Increasing sodium intake from 40 to 120 mEq/day resulted in higher levels of hypertension, 125% compared to 140% of ocntrol values for dogs infused with A II, 5.0 ng/kg per min. We conclude that primary angiotensin-induced hypertension need not be associated with increased levels of plasma aldosterone, which appears to remain elevated only with amounts of A II greater than those required to sustain a significant degree of hypertension. (+info)Stimulation of renin release from rabbit renal cortex by arachidonic acid and prostaglandin endoperoxides. (8/73494)
The mechanism by which renal prostaglandins stimulate renin secretion in vivo is unknown. In this in vitro study we measured the effects of activation of the prostaglandin (PG) system on renin release from slices of rabbit renal cortex. The PG precursor arachidonic acid (C20:4), a natural PG endoperoxide (PGG2), two stable synthetic PG endoperoxide analogues (EPA I and II), PGE2, PGF2alpha, and two different PG synthesis inhibitors [indomethacin and 5,8,11,14-eicosatetraynoic acid (ETA)] were used to evaluate the possibility of a direct action of the cortical PG system on renin secretion. Renin release increased significantly with time after addition of C20:4, PGG2, EPA I, and EPA II to the incubation medium. Stimulation of renin release was se-related for C20:4 in concentrations of 0.6 to 4.5 X 10(-6) M, for EPA I in concentrations of 0.7 to 2.8 X 10(-6) M, and for EPA II in concentrations of 1.4 to 14.0 X 10(-6) M. Indomethacin (10(-4) M) and ETA (10(-4) M) significantly decreased basal renin release as well as the renin release stimulated by C20:4 and EPA I. PGE2(10(-12) to 10(-6) M) had no effect on renin release, whereas PGF2alpha (10(-12) to 10(-6) M) decreased renin release in a dose-dependent manner. These data raise the possibility of a direct action of the renal cortical PG system on renin secretion. The results further indicate that stimulation of renin release by C20:4 may depend more specifically on the action of PG endoperoxides than on the primary prostaglandins. (+info)
Dose-response relationship
Food and Drug Administration also has guidance to elucidate dose-response relationships during drug development. Dose response ... Dose response relationships modelled by dose response curves are used extensively in pharmacology and drug development. In ... The dose-response relationship, or exposure-response relationship, describes the magnitude of the response of an organism, as a ... This reflects how dose-response relationships can be used in individuals. In populations, dose-response relationships can ...
Toxic leukoencephalopathy
The dose-response relationship for these substances remains unclear.[citation needed] Various chemotherapy drugs have shown ... Other drugs that have been associated with toxic leukoencephalopathy in much more rare occurrences include psychoactive drug 2C ... High doses of opiates such as oxycodone can lead to leukoencephalopathy. The activity of various opioid and nociceptive ... Cases include a 65-year-old woman who had mistakenly been taking three times the dose of methadone that had been prescribed for ...
Schild regression
Dose-response relationship Ligand receptor binding: Kenakin T, 1993. Pharmacological analysis of drug-receptor interaction New ... Dose-response curves can be constructed to describe response or ligand-receptor complex formation as a function of the ligand ... The magnitude of the rightward shift can be quantified with the dose ratio, r. The dose ratio r is the ratio of the dose of ... curvefit.com - Dose-response curves in the presence of antagonists, for a clear explanation. (Articles needing additional ...
David C. Poole
2013). "Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships". Journal of Applied Physiology. 115 (3): ... 2015). "Strategies to increase nitric oxide signalling in cardiovascular disease". Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 14 (9): 623- ...
Liquorice (confectionery)
... a linear dose-response relationship". Journal of Human Hypertension. 15 (8): 549-52. doi:10.1038/sj.jhh.1001215. PMID 11494093 ... Black Licorice: Trick or Treat? from US Food & Drug Administration, Consumer Updates, 25 Oct 2011. Sabbadin, Chiara; Bordin, ... Drug Administration, Consumer Updates, 25 Oct 2011. Perry Romanowski, How Products are Made: Licorice, at enotes.com ...
Hydrocholeretic
Monte, MJ (1990). "Choleretic mechanism and effects of cyclobutyrol in the rat: dose-response relationship". Biomed Biochim ... v t e (Bile acids, All stub articles, Gastrointestinal system drug stubs). ... Its effects in rats include a dose-dependent increase in bile flow, sodium, potassium, chloride and bicarbonate outputs and ...
Therapeutic drug monitoring
This refers to clinical pharmacodynamic knowledge describing dose-concentration-response relationships among treated patients. ... drugs that can easily be under- or overdosed. TDM aimed at improving patient care by individually adjusting the dose of drugs ... narrow therapeutic window of the drug, which forbids giving high doses in all patients to ensure overall efficacy; drug dosage ... There are numerous variables that influence the interpretation of drug concentration data: time, route and dose of drug given, ...
Threshold dose
The effects of the target drug at different doses are obtained from available studies. The dose-response relationship will be ... Threshold dose is a dose of drug barely adequate to produce a biological effect in an animal. In dose-response assessment, the ... At extremely low doses, biological responses are absent for some of the drugs. The increase in dose above threshold dose ... Each response corresponds to one unique relationship. As it is not practical to establish the dose-response relationships for ...
Atypical antipsychotic
"Single oral dose kinetics of zotepine and its relationship to prolactin response and side effects". Therapeutic Drug Monitoring ... "Receptor occupancy and drug response: Understanding the relationship". www.mdedge.com. Retrieved October 14, 2022. Taylor D, ... Research, Center for Drug Evaluation and. "Drug Approvals and Databases - Drug Trials Snapshots: REXULTI for the treatment of ... These drugs have relatively long half-lives. Each drug has a different half-life, but the occupancy of the D2 receptor falls ...
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
"Meta-analysis of the dose-response relationship of SSRI in obsessive-compulsive disorder". Molecular Psychiatry. 15 (8): 850- ... Some research has demonstrated a link between drug addiction and OCD. For example, there is a higher risk of drug addiction ... Doron G, Szepsenwol O, Karp E, Gal N (December 2013). "Obsessing about intimate-relationships: testing the double relationship- ... Washing is in response to the fear of contamination. Ordering is the preference for tasks to be completed a specific way (e.g ...
Pharmacodynamics
... places particular emphasis on dose-response relationships, that is, the relationships between drug ... Mechanism of action Dose-response relationship Pharmacokinetics ADME Antimicrobial pharmacodynamics Pharmaceutical company ... This expression is one way to consider the effect of a drug, in which the response is related to the fraction of bound ... The relationship between occupancy and pharmacological response is usually non-linear. This explains the so-called receptor ...
Dose (biochemistry)
Dose-response curves may illustrate the relationship of these metabolic effects. In over-the-counter medicines, dosage is based ... the patient's body weight and the drug's recommended dose per kilogram are used to determine a safe one-time dose. In drugs ... By combining these drugs with a system that detects the concentration of drug particles in the blood, proper dosing could be ... Prescription drug dosage is based typically on body weight. Drugs come with a recommended dose in milligrams or micrograms per ...
Dextromethorphan
Strauch K, Lutz U, Bittner N, Lutz WK (August 2009). "Dose-response relationship for the pharmacokinetic interaction of ... Drug Enforcement Administration. August 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-16. Giannini AJ (1997). Drugs of ... Morris H, Wallach J (2014). "From PCP to MXE: a comprehensive review of the non-medical use of dissociative drugs". Drug ... Adverse effects of dextromethorphan in overdose at doses 3 to 10 times the recommended therapeutic dose:[failed verification] ...
Hepatotoxicity
Drugs or toxins that have a pharmacological (type A) hepatotoxicity are those that have predictable dose-response curves ( ... This type of injury does not have a clear dose-response nor temporal relationship, and most often does not have predictive ... To diagnose hepatotoxicity, a causal relationship between the use of the toxin or drug and subsequent liver damage has to be ... The risk of liver injury is influenced by several factors including the dose ingested, concurrent alcohol or other drug intake ...
Cannabis (drug)
At an epidemiological level, a dose-response relationship exists between cannabis use and increased risk of psychosis and ... "Annual prevalence of use of drugs, by region and globally, 2016". World Drug Report 2018. United Nations Office on Drugs and ... Most of the illicit drug emergency room visits involved multiple drugs. In 129,000 cases, cannabis was the only implicated drug ... European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (2008). Annual report: the state of the drugs problem in Europe (PDF). ...
Hill equation (biochemistry)
This form of the equation can reflect tissue/cell/population responses to drugs and can be used to generate dose response ... The Hill equation can be used to describe dose-response relationships, for example ion channel open-probability (P-open) vs. ... The Hill equation (for response) is important in the construction of dose-response curves. The Hill-Langmuir equation is a ... A distinction should be made between quantification of drugs binding to receptors and drugs producing responses. There may not ...
Ridazolol
Fach, WA; Starke, E; Becker, HJ (1992). "Duration of the effect and dose-response relationship of ridazolol in patients with ... "Ridazolol search results". Drugs.com. Retrieved 2021-03-31. v t e (Articles without KEGG source, Articles with changed CASNo ... Ridazolol is a pharmaceutical drug acting as a beta adrenergic receptor antagonist. It was investigated in the 1980 and 90s for ...
Forensic toxicology
In human performance toxicology, a dose-response relationship between a drug(s) present in the body and the effects on the body ... Lastly, forensic drug testing (FDT) is the detection of drug use among individuals in the workplace, sport doping, drug-related ... The substance may also have been diluted by its dispersal through the body; while a pill or other regulated dose of a drug may ... Using the targeted drug the test will tell you if it is positive or negative to that drug. There can be 4 results when taking ...
Opicinumab
Results from the study also showed highly unanticipated dose-response relationships in the MS patient population that will ... Drugs with no legal status, Articles containing unverified chemical infoboxes, Drugs that are a monoclonal antibody, Monoclonal ... results indicate that primary study endpoints were not met and that opicinumab exhibits unexpected dose-response relationships ... A biologic drug, it is designed to function as a LINGO-1 protein antagonist, known as "Anti-Lingo-1". Some Phase II clinical ...
Fukushima nuclear disaster
doi:10.2203/dose-response.06-102.Luckey. PMC 2477686. PMID 18648595. Aurengo, A.; et al. (2005). "Dose effect relationship and ... Cancer may spread to another part of the body, however, and survivors need to take hormonal drugs for life after removing their ... all concluded that further research is necessary in understanding the dose-response relationship and the prevalence of incident ... published a new study assessing the accuracy of dose-response estimates and the accuracy of dose modelling in evacuees. In the ...
Hydromorphinol
"Influence of polarity on dose-response relationships of intrathecal opioids in rats". Pain. 40 (3): 339-47. doi:10.1016/0304- ... In the United States, it was never available and is classified as a Schedule I drug with a DEA ACSCN of 9301. The salts in use ... but is twice as potent as morphine and has a steeper dose-response curve and longer half-life. It is used in medicine as the ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Drugs not assigned an ATC code, Articles with ...
Occupational health concerns of cannabis use
... dry mouth and increased appetite Studies have also confirmed that impairment is related on a dose response relationship. As ... Drug-Free Workplace Policy Builder Section 7: Drug Testing. DOL elaws-Drug-Free Workplace Advisor". Houser, High times: A ... they follow The Drug Free Workplace Act of 1988, a comprehensive policy, which includes drug prevention methods, information ... thereby increasing the effects of the drug. The Controlled Substances Act of 1970 currently lists cannabis as a Schedule 1 drug ...
Homeopathy
... is inconsistent with the law of mass action and the observed dose-response relationships characteristic of therapeutic drugs. ... This idea is also inconsistent with observed dose-response relationships, where effects are dependent on the concentration of ... but the dose-response relationship outside the zone of hormesis declines with dilution as normal, and nonlinear pharmacological ... He advocated the use of single drugs at lower doses and promoted an immaterial, vitalistic view of how living organisms ...
Evidence and efficacy of homeopathy
... is inconsistent with the law of mass action and the observed dose-response relationships characteristic of therapeutic drugs ( ... This dose-response relationship has been confirmed in myriad experiments on organisms as diverse as nematodes, rats, and humans ... This idea is also inconsistent with observed dose-response relationships, where effects are dependent on the concentration of ... but the dose-response relationship outside the zone of hormesis declines with dilution as normal, and nonlinear pharmacological ...
Cardiac fibrosis
The precise mechanisms involved remain elusive however, as while the cardiotoxicity shows some dose-response relationship, it ... These drugs include ergotamine and methysergide and both drugs can also cause cardiac fibrosis. Certain antiparkinson drugs, ... The drugs most classically associated with the condition are weight loss drugs such as fenfluramine and chlorphentermine, and ... These drugs include pergolide and cabergoline.[citation needed] Guanfacine may be a 5-HT2B agonist, based on the results of ...
Surgical sieve
... and dose-response relationships thereof) What are the causes of an acute confusional state in a patient? Treatment induced ( ... Iatrogenic): polypharmacy, sedatives, analgesics, steroids, drug withdrawal Vascular: stroke, TIA, vascular dementia ... Inflammatory: infection, systemic inflammatory response syndrome Traumatic: head injury, Intracranial hemorrhage, shock ...
Hormesis
... of the published articles contained 668 dose-response relationships that met the entry criteria [of a U-shaped response ... This was coupled with the work of German physician Rudolph Arndt, who studied animals given low doses of drugs, eventually ... Dose-Response. 9 (3): dose-response.1. doi:10.2203/dose-response.11-026.Maynard. PMC 3186932. PMID 22013400. Hayes, D. P. (2007 ... with zero dose and high-dose inhibition, thus resulting in a J-shaped or an inverted U-shaped dose response (e.g. the arms of ...
Beckley Foundation
The first study, exploring the dose-response relationship in LSD-induced physiological and psychological effects, saw twenty- ... "The Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme". The Beckley Foundation Drug Policy Programme. Retrieved 4 October 2022. Jaeger, ... The Global Initiative for Drug Policy Reform is a collaboration between the All Party Parliamentary Group on Drug Policy, the ... Breaking the Taboo Psychedelic Science.org.uk International Drug Policy Consortium International Society for the Study of Drug ...
Arndt-Schulz rule
... was called upon to provide some explanation for the observed relationships between dose and response during the early days of ... Stumpf, Walter E. (June 2006). "The dose makes the medicine". Drug Discovery Today. 11 (11-12): 550-555. doi:10.1016/j.drudis. ... It states that: For every substance, small doses stimulate, moderate doses inhibit, large doses kill. That is to say, highly ... For instance, many paralysing substances have no exciting effect in weak doses, and what constitutes a weak, medium, or strong ...
Long-term effects of cannabis
... and alleged that a dose-response relationship exists between the level of cannabis use and risk of psychosis. The risk was ... The gateway drug hypothesis asserts that the use of soft drugs such as cannabis, tobacco or alcohol may ultimately lead to the ... "Is marijuana addictive?". National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Marijuana use can lead to the ... and combined use of other psychoactive drugs. The temporal relationship between cannabis and psychosis was reviewed in 2014, ...
Hemoencephalography
70% of sufferers saw a 50% or more reduction in their migraines following combined neurotherapy and drug treatment, as opposed ... This is also referred to as the haemodynamic response. Developed by Dr. Hershel Toomim, near infrared hemoencephalography ... cats at the behest of NASA that proved that cats trained to consciously alter their sensorimotor rhythm were resistant to doses ... changes in blood oxygenation level are not instantaneous Mechanistic claims are unsupported as no reverse causal relationship ...
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Low-dose aspirin protects against heart attacks and strokes by blocking PTGS1 (COX-1) from forming a prostaglandin called ... Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) inhibit prostaglandin production by PTGS1 (COX-1) and PTGS2 (COX-2). NSAIDs ... Brueggemeier RW, Díaz-Cruz ES (March 2006). "Relationship between aromatase and cyclooxygenases in breast cancer: potential for ... is a key factor regulating the activity of PGHS-2 and its response to PTGS (COX) inhibitors. PTGS2 (COX-2) is unexpressed under ...
Quazepam
Kales A, Scharf MB, Bixler EO, Schweitzer PK, Jacoby JA, Soldatos CR (August 1981). "Dose-response studies of quazepam". Clin. ... Two types of drug misuse can occur, either recreational misuse where the drug is taken to achieve a high, or when the drug is ... Hilbert JM, Iorio L, Moritzen V, Barnett A, Symchowicz S, Zampaglione N (July 1986). "Relationships of brain and plasma levels ... "FDA requiring Boxed Warning updated to improve safe use of benzodiazepine drug class". U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA ...
Lormetazepam
When the dose or the drug is discontinued withdrawal symptoms typically occur. Lormetazepam as with all other benzodiazepines ... "Dose-Response Studies of Lormetazepam: Efficacy, Side Effects, and Rebound Insomnia". The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 22 ... Kurowski M, Ott H, Herrmann WM (May 1982). "Relationship between EEG dynamics and pharmacokinetics of the benzodiazepine ... are increased when lormetazepam is combined with other drugs with similar effects, e.g. alcohol and nonbenzodiazepine drugs. ...
Zinc deficiency
... in blood plasma are affected by zinc deficiency and zinc supplementation produces a dose-dependent response in the level of ... In 1978 the Food and Drug Administration required zinc to be in total parenteral nutrition fluids. In the 1990s there was ... relationship to alterations in functional and structural integrity of the kidney". Toxicology and Industrial Health. 18 (8): ... January 2008). "Taste acuity in response to zinc supplementation in older Europeans". The British Journal of Nutrition. 99 (1 ...
Sumatriptan
Only about 3% of the active drug may be recovered unchanged. There is no simple, direct relationship between sumatriptan ... and 100-mg doses. Generic forms of the drug are available in U.S. and European markets after Glaxo's patent protections expired ... Freidank-Mueschenborn, E.; Fox, A. (2005). "Resolution of concentration-response differences in onset of effect between ... The injectable form of the drug has been shown to abort a cluster headache within 30 minutes in 77% of cases. Sumatriptan is ...
Cell cycle
In response to this trigger, cyclin D binds to existing CDK4/6, forming the active cyclin D-CDK4/6 complex. Cyclin D-CDK4/6 ... The main side effect is neutropenia which can be managed by dose reduction. Cdk4/6 targeted therapy will only treat cancer ... Baserga R (June 1965). "The Relationship of the Cell Cycle to Tumor Growth and Control of Cell Division". Cancer Research. 25 ( ... are targeted in cancer therapy as the DNA is relatively exposed during cell division and hence susceptible to damage by drugs ...
Levothyroxine
"Variation in the biochemical response to L-thyroxine therapy and relationship with peripheral thyroid hormone conversion ... Maximum effect from a specific dose can take up to six weeks to occur. Side effects from excessive doses include weight loss, ... "The Top 200 Drugs of 2019". ClinCalc.com. 10 October 2012. Retrieved 27 February 2020. "Levothyroxine - Drug Usage Statistics, ... "Levothyroxine". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. "Levothyroxine sodium". Drug Information Portal. U. ...
Skinny Puppy
It was also during this time that Ogre made a concerted effort to rid his drug addictions. In an interview with CITR-FM, Ogre ... In response, the band have sent an "invoice" to the Pentagon. Nivek Ogre - vocals, keyboards (1982-1996, 2003-present) cEvin ... Relationships between the band members during the album's production were "tense and unhealthy", with Ogre, under the ... and just the right dose of fist-raising choruses" made for a dance floor favorite. Following Too Dark Park, Skinny Puppy was ...
Sigma-1 receptor
Pharmacological studies with σ1 agonists often follow a bell-shaped dose-response curve. Thus care should be taken when ... Martin WR, Eades CG, Thompson JA, Huppler RE, Gilbert PE (June 1976). "The effects of morphine- and nalorphine- like drugs in ... Schläger T, Schepmann D, Würthwein EU, Wünsch B (March 2008). "Synthesis and structure-affinity relationships of novel ... As expected, however, they did lack locomotor response to the σ ligand (+)-SKF-10,047 and displayed reduced response to ...
C. Glenn Begley
In 1999 he released an article which he was the co-author of that was solely on SCL and the relationship with T cells and T ... Amgen is a biotechnology company that scientific research into drug development strategies and then markets them. He was the ... and their relevance to white blood cells and the immune response in vitro. In 1985 Begley, Metcalf and N.A. Nicola published a ... on platelet recovery after high-dose chemotherapy". The Lancet. 339 (8794): 640-644. doi:10.1016/0140-6736(92)90795-5. PMID ...
First-dose phenomenon
This effect is also observed after the administration of the first dose of drugs in the ACEi class (angiotensin-converting ... though there is no clear relationship between the two side effects. The first dose phenomenon in ACEi is reduced and made safer ... Elliott HL, McLean K, Sumner DJ, Meredith PA, Reid JL (1981). "Immediate cardiovascular responses to oral prazosin-effects of ... The alpha blocker prazosin (Minipress) is most notorious for producing a first dose phenomenon. Other drugs of the same family ...
Comfort women
The public response and criticism that ensued pushed the newspaper to nominate a third-party investigative committee headed by ... The Dose of Salvarsan, Douglass W. Montgomery Rhee Devine, Maija. (2017). Children of 'comfort women'. The Korea Times. ... and then dragged us into the back. I was told if I were drafted, I could earn lots of money in a textile factory ... The first ... Osaka ended the sister city relationship with San Francisco that had been established since 1957. When the city accepted the ...
Oxycodone
A report on the relationship of drug names and medication errors in response to the Institute of Medicine's call for action ( ... One such memo read, "There is no Q8 dosing with OxyContin... [8-hour dosing] needs to be nipped in the bud. NOW!!" The ... Oxycodone is a Class A drug under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971. For Class A drugs, which are "considered to be the most likely ... Oxycodone is listed as a Class A drug in the Misuse of Drugs Act of Singapore, which means offences concerning the drug attract ...
Jan Aaseth
Aaseth has studies the effects of disease-modifying agents including anti-TNF-alpha drugs and also selenium compounds. Some of ... The hypothesized effectiveness of Se protection against Hg neurotoxicity may be determined by the dose of elements as well as ... Based on studies together with Russian researchers, Jan Aaseth has hypothesized that there is a possible relationship between ... Oxidative stress accompanied by a low-grade inflammatory response appears to aggravate cardiovascular morbidity. Rheumatic ...
Lyme disease
... of adults after three doses with only mild or moderate and transient adverse effects. On 21 December 1998, the Food and Drug ... Klein A (17 November 2021). "An mRNA vaccine that causes a red, itchy skin rash in response to bites by ticks may allow them to ... In the 1950s, the relationship among tick bite, lymphocytoma, EM and Bannwarth's syndrome was recognized throughout Europe ... followed by a booster dose after twelve months, with both the initial series and the booster dose scheduled to be complete ...
Doxepin
A positive dose-response relationship on sleep measures was observed for doses of doxepin between 1 and 6 mg in clinical ... Weber J, Siddiqui MA, Wagstaff AJ, McCormack PL (August 2010). "Low-dose doxepin: in the treatment of insomnia". CNS Drugs. 24 ... was likely the basis for the approval of the 3 and 6 mg doses of doxepin for insomnia and not the 1 mg dose. At very low doses ... At low doses, below 25 mg, doxepin is a pure antihistamine and has more of a sedative effect. At antidepressant doses of above ...
Summer Newman
... causing her to end her relationship to Nick, and Billy ending his relationship to Phyllis. In an act of retaliation against ... Bushman's tweet in response to her firing hinted that she would be replaced by Hunter King formerly of Hollywood Heights, which ... King ranked at number one on Zap2it's list of "Top 5 Soap Opera Newcomers". King was applauded for giving "a dose of much-need ... After the party at her house, Summer talks about Courtney then tells Kyle that she can't keep dragging Kyle into her misery but ...
Animal psychopathology
Similar pathways are involved in drug treatment responses for both humans and dogs, offering more research that the two ... Yerkes and Dodson developed a law that explains the empirical relationship between arousal and performance illustrated by an ... and the length of the checks indicated an increase in compulsivity as doses of quinpirole increased; other components, such as ... which are the same areas that become active when drug addicts crave the drug. Sugar is good because it provides energy, but if ...
Dementia with Lewy bodies
Severe, and often fatal, neuroleptic sensitivity may occur [such as] ... exaggerated adverse responses to standard doses ... [ ... The relationship between Lewy pathology and widespread cell death is contentious. It is not known if the pathology spreads ... No medications for DLB are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as of 2020, although donepezil is licensed in ... Anticholinergic drugs are avoided because they worsen cognitive symptoms. To improve daytime alertness, there is mixed evidence ...
Linear trend estimation
... or increasing doses of a drug on a measurable index) to change in direct order as the effect develops. Suppose the mean level ... does a spurious relationship exist in the model because an underlying causative variable is itself time-trending? Research ... results of mathematicians, statisticians, econometricians, and economists have been published in response to those questions. ... But data may also be linked in time (such as change in the effect of a drug from baseline, to month 1, to month 2), or by an ...
Management of borderline personality disorder
In session the therapist works on the relationship between the patient and the therapist. The main focus is on the patient's ... Mood stabilizers should be used in very small doses for short periods of time. Individuals with BPD sometimes use mental health ... However, the authors warned that total BPD severity is not significantly influenced by any drug and that the evidence generated ... "Further Delineating the Applicability of Acceptance and Change to Private Responses: The Example of Dialectical Behavior ...
Effects of cannabis
"Public opinion on drugs and drug policy". Fact Research Guide. Easton Business Centre, Felix Rd., Bristol, UK.: Transform Drug ... In dogs, the minimum lethal dose of THC is over 3000 mg/kg. Edible forms of cannabis often contain several hundred milligrams ... Degenhardt L, Hall W (August 2001). "The relationship between tobacco use, substance-use disorders and mental health: results ... There are similar compounds in cannabis that do not exhibit psychoactive response but are obligatory for functionality: ...
Michael Franti
Half the record is a healthy dose of venting anger about that, and the other half is about how do we hold on to our ... The authors argue Franti's lyrics in treating women fairly in relationships is an exception. According to the Encyclopedia of ... The single 'Television, The Drug of The Nation' (previously recorded by Franti's former project, The Beatnigs ) gained airplay ... as a response to the COVID-19 Health Pandemic. Franti has three children: Cappy, Ade and Taj. He is married to emergency room ...
History of the nude in art
In these works there is a strong dose of voyeurism, the woman is surprised while sleeping or grooming, in intimate scenes, but ... He treated the nude as a landscape or still life, as an expression of the relationship between volumes of color immersed in ... One of its main exponents was Amedeo Modigliani, an artist of bohemian life, immersed in sex, drugs and alcohol. He received a ... which will have a response in Marxism and the class struggle. In the field of art, an evolutionary dynamic of styles began to ...
Enzyme inhibitor
... binding to the enzyme and its relationship to any other binding term be it the Michaelis-Menten equation or a dose response ... New drugs are the products of a long drug development process, the first step of which is often the discovery of a new enzyme ... Drugs that inhibit enzymes needed for the replication of viruses are effective in treating viral infections. Antiviral drugs ... An example of such a transition state inhibitor is the antiviral drug oseltamivir; this drug mimics the planar nature of the ...
Heavy metal music
... using heavy metal as a metaphor for addictive drugs: "With their diseases and orgasm drugs and their sexless parasite life ... This is what happens when death metal and hardcore, along with healthy doses of other heavy music styles, are so smoothly ... In addition to using modal harmonic relationships, heavy metal also uses "pentatonic and blues-derived features". The tritone, ... In response to such claims, debates in the metal press have centered on defining and contextualizing sexism. Hill claims that " ...
In vitro to in vivo extrapolation
In these conditions, it is enough to (1) develop a simple pharmacodynamics model of the dose-response relationship observed in ... Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology. 6 (9): 1063-1081. doi:10.1517/17425255.2010.496251. PMID 20540627. S2CID ... "The use of in vitro toxicity data and physiologically based kinetic modeling to predict dose-response curves for in vivo ... Results obtained from in vitro experiments cannot often be directly applied to predict biological responses of organisms to ...
Binding selectivity
It is important to note that "selectivity" when referring to a drug is relative and not absolute. For example, in a higher dose ... The selectivity coefficient, KB,C is evaluated by means of the emf response of the ion-selective electrode in mixed solutions ... The further use of quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) led to the development of other agents such as ... If a receptor can be isolated a synthetic drug can be developed either to stimulate the receptor, an agonist or to block it, an ...
Prostate cancer
... a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis". Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. 21 (3): 319-336. doi:10.1038/ ... "FDA approves new drug for advanced prostate cancer" (Press release). Food and Drug Administration. 15 May 2013. Archived from ... An association with gonorrhea has been found, although no reason for this relationship has been identified. An increased risk ... based National Prostate Cancer Coalition stated that prostate cancer drugs were outnumbered seven to one by breast cancer drugs ...
Figure 2 - Dose-Response Relationship between Antimicrobial Drugs and Livestock-Associated MRSA in Pig Farming - Volume 21,...
Dose-Response Relationship between Antimicrobial Drugs and Livestock-Associated MRSA in Pig Farming1 Alejandro Dorado-García. ... Dose-Response Relationship between Antimicrobial Drugs and Livestock-Associated MRSA in Pig Farming. ... of LA-MRSA-positive pooled samples from pigs during a study of the dose-response relationship between antimicrobial drug use ...
The utility of pharmacokinetic studies for the evaluation of exposure-response relationships for standard dose anti...
There is conflicting evidence about whether concentrations of anti-tuberculosis drugs given at standard doses have an effect on ... of pharmacokinetic studies for the evaluation of exposure-response relationships for standard dose anti-tuberculosis drugs ... of pharmacokinetic studies for the evaluation of exposure-response relationships for standard dose anti-tuberculosis drugs ... Feasibility of a fixed-dose regimen of pyrazinamide and its impact on systemic drug exposure and liver safety in patients with ...
Understanding the drug exposure-response relationship of bedaquiline to predict efficacy for novel dosing regimens in the...
The confirmed bedaquiline exposure-response relationship offers the possibility to predict efficacy under alternative dosing ... Understanding the drug exposure-response relationship of bedaquiline to predict efficacy for novel dosing regimens in the ... Understanding the drug exposure-response relationship of bedaquiline to predict efficacy for novel dosing regimens in the ... The significance of the exposure-response relationship on the bacterial clearance was compared to a constant drug effect model ...
Subjects: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug - Digital Collections - National Library of Medicine Search Results
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WHO HQ Library catalog
Results of search for su:{Dose-Response Relationship, Drug} Refine your search. *. Availability. * Limit to currently ... Principles for modelling dose-response for the risk assessment of chemicals. by World Health Organization , Inter-Organization ... by Clinical Pharmacology in Psychiatry : Finding the Right Dose of Psychotropic Drugs (1997: Badajoz, Spain) , Balant, L. P , ... Variability in human drug response : proceedings of the Esteve Foundation Symposium VIII, Sitges, Spain, 7-10 October 1998 / ...
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The orthomolecular treatment of cancer. II. Clinical trial of high-dose ascorbic acid supplements in advanced human cancer
Clinical trial of high-dose ascorbic acid supplements in advanced human cancer ... Breast Neoplasms / drug therapy * Carcinoma / drug therapy * Colonic Neoplasms / drug therapy * Dose-Response Relationship, ... Clinical trial of high-dose ascorbic acid supplements in advanced human cancer Chem Biol Interact. 1974 Oct;9(4):285-315. doi: ...
Toxicological Phenomena - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug | CU Experts | CU Boulder
Toxicological Phenomena - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug PubMed MeSh Term *Overview. Overview. subject area of * (+)-Naloxone ... Dose Levels in Particulate-Containing Formulations Impact Anti-drug Antibody Responses to Murine Monoclonal Antibody in Mice ... Relationship between dose, distance and time in Sonic Hedgehog-mediated regulation of anteroposterior polarity in the chick ... DOSE-RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF NICOTINE TOLERANCE AND RECEPTOR CHANGES IN 2 INBRED MOUSE STRAINS Journal Article ...
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects*; Epigenomics; Epithelial Cells/drug effects; Humans; ... DNA Methylation/drug effects*; DNA Transposable Elements/drug effects; DNA Transposable Elements/genetics; ... Inhalation Exposure; Macrophages/drug effects; Mice; Nanoparticles/chemistry; Nanoparticles/toxicity*; Oxidative Stress/drug ... Our goal was to determine whether industry relevant ENMs can affect the epigenome at low cytotoxic doses. A panel of cells ...
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estrogen Receptor alpha/drug effects*; Estrogen Receptor alpha/metabolism; Female; Flavonoids ... MeSH Terms: Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology*; Apoptosis/drug effects; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/drug ... Low dose AF mediated DNA damage, S-phase arrest and apoptosis in MDA-MB-468 cells, while it resulted in DNA damage, S-phase ... S Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints/drug effects; Signal Transduction/drug effects; Transfection ...
Novel first-dose adverse drug reactions during a phase I trial of olipudase alfa (recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase) in...
First-dose ADRs were likely induced by elevated concentrations of ceramide (or its downstream derivatives) generated by the ... Within-patient dose escalation to slowly catabolize sp … ... The maximum tolerated dose of olipudase alfa in adults with NPD ... Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... Novel first-dose adverse drug reactions during a phase I trial of olipudase alfa (recombinant human acid sphingomyelinase) in ...
Efficacy and safety of tarenflurbil in mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease: a randomised phase II trial - PubMed
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... New Insights into Alzheimers Disease: Novel Pathogenesis, Drug Target and Delivery. Chen H, Xu J, Xu H, Luo T, Li Y, Jiang K, ... Interpretation: 800 mg tarenflurbil twice per day was well tolerated for up to 24 months of treatment, with evidence of a dose- ... The Quest for Secondary Pharmaceuticals: Drug Repurposing/Chiral-Switches Combination Strategy. DAcquarica I, Agranat I. ...
Comparison of levetiracetam and oxcarbazepine monotherapy among Korean patients with newly diagnosed focal epilepsy: A long...
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ... Antiepileptic drug monotherapy for epilepsy: a network meta-analysis of individual participant data. Nevitt SJ, Sudell M, ... Efficacy and tolerability of the new antiepileptic drugs, I: Treatment of new-onset epilepsy: report of the TTA and QSS ... A meta-analysis: efficacy and safety of anti-epileptic drugs prescribed in Korea as monotherapy and adjunctive treatment for ...
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Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Larva/drug effects; Larva/physiology; Models, Animal; Motor Activity/drug effects*; Motor ... An initial experiment identified the time of peak effect of each drug (20-260 min post-dosing, depending on the drug). ... All drugs altered larval locomotion in a dose-dependent manner. Both the D1- and D2-like selective agonists (SKF-38393 and ... The nonselective drugs had biphasic effects on locomotor activity: apomorphine increased activity at the low dose and at high ...
Exploratory studies on soluble small molecule CD4 mimics as HIV entry inhibitors - PubMed
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease:
Guidelines for Prevention and Management
A dose-response relationship was observed in one study (35) but not in the other (18). Finally, alcohol and illicit drug use, ... plus Gentamicin loading dose IV or IM (2 mg/kg of body weight) followed by a maintenance dose (1.5 mg/kg) every 8 hours. ... A prompt response to symptoms of chlamydial or gonococcal infection can probably reduce the risk of PID (11) and community ... The relationship of tubal infertility to barrier method and oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1987;257:2446-50. ...
Biblio | Page 8 | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University
Michael Henry, M.D. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
US7947262B2 - Use of fullerenes for the treatment of mast cell and basophil-mediated disease - Google Patents
MC and PBB responses are associated with, for example, various allergies including Type 1 hypersensitivity initiated by IgE- ... to the individual under conditions sufficient to inhibit MC and PBB responses. ... 231100000673 dose-response relationship Toxicity 0.000 description 2 * 238000007877 drug screening Methods 0.000 description 2 ... These strategies help to solve drug solubility issues which is a major pitfall for many drug screening initiatives where high- ...
Policy Guidelines for Prevention and Management of Pelvic Inflamatory Disease (PID)
A dose-response relationship was observed in one study (35) but not in the other (18). Finally, alcohol and illicit drug use, ... appropriate doses. Recommended Regimen B Clindamycin IV 900 mg every 8 hours plus Gentamicin loading dose IV or IM (2 mg/kg of ... A prompt response to symptoms of chlamydial or gonococcal infection can probably reduce the risk of PID (11) and community ... The relationship of tubal infertility to barrier method and oral contraceptive use. JAMA 1987;257:2446-50. * CDC. Condoms for ...
Salix Injection 5% for Animal Use - Drugs.com
4) A dose-response relationship and a ratio of minimum to maximum effective dose range greater than tenfold.1,2 ... Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, ... Drugs.com Mobile Apps The easiest way to lookup drug information, identify pills, check interactions and set up your own ... The dosage should be adjusted to the individuals response. In severe edematous or refractory cases, the dose may be doubled or ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
These results are compared with the dose-response relationship obtained after the trachea is challenged with methacholine ... The protocol used to examine dust effect( s) is to apply the bronchoconstricting drug, methacholine, to the fluid surrounding ... the trachea in order to establish the dose-response relationship for the diameter decrease caused by contraction of the smooth ... The muscle contracts to luminal methacholine only after the drug has crossed the epithelium. The epithelium is a diffusion ...
Subject: Biometry / Type: Theses / Language: English | Search Results | Academic Commons
Drugs--Dose-response relationshipCancer--Treatment--ResearchPharmacokineticsBiometry 15. Sequential Quantile Estimation Using ... 1. The Limb-Leaf Design: A New Way to Explore the Dose Response Curve in Adaptive Seamless Phase II/III Trials Spivack, John ... Two-stage Continual Reassessment Method and Patient Heterogeneity for Dose-finding Studies Jia, Xiaoyu 2014 Theses Biometry 18 ... Sequential Designs for Individualized Dosing in Phase I Cancer Clinical Trials Mao, Xuezhou 2014 Theses ...
Setmelanotide Normalizes Satiety in Obese With Rare Gene Defect
A dose-response relationship was observed. "In the first patient we noticed a correlation between dose and hunger score, and a ... Pleasedo not use this form to submit personal or patient medical information or to report adverse drug events. You are ... Dosing was increased incrementally until a dose of 1.5 mg was reached. Weight loss was minimal below 1.0 mg, the researchers ... You must declare any conflicts of interest related to your comments and responses. Please see our Commenting Guide for further ...
Use of opportunistic clinical data and a population pharmacokinetic model to support dosing of clindamycin for premature...
Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Clindamycin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; ... The final model was used to optimize pediatric dosing to match adult exposure proven effective against CA-MRSA. A total of 194 ... The final model included body weight and a sigmoidal maturation relationship between postmenstrual age (PMA) and clearance (CL ... Use of opportunistic clinical data and a population pharmacokinetic model to support dosing of clindamycin for premature ...
Drug Control: Observations on Elements of the Federal Drug Control
Strategy
A Dose Response Relationship. A prior version of this paper was presented at the American Society of Addiction Medicine Annual ... Beat Drug Test. Pass Drug Test. Drug Screening Tests. Drug resources:. Drug Abuse. Drug Addiction. Drug Rehab. Drug ... Legal References on Drugs. GAO Documents on Drugs. Response to the Drug Enforcement Agency. ... drug availability, the consequences of drug use, drug treatment capacity, and the adequacy of drug treatment systems. To ...
ASAM Weekly for May 23th, 2023
The dose‐response relationship is linear, such that more frequent and heavier use, and use of higher potency cannabis, carries ... The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. This paper describes an emerging drug concoction intended to mimic a group of ... This emerging drug concoction is known as tusi (phonetic for "2C") and has been found in Latin America, Europe, and recently in ... Drug and Alcohol Dependence. Recovery capital comprises the social, physical, human, and cultural resources that help people ...
Dose-response relationship between device-measured physical activity and incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the UK Biobank...
PA has clear dose-response relationship with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Our findings support the current aerobic PA ... Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the dose-response relationship between device-measured PA and incident type 2 ... Sgrò P, Emerenziani GP, Antinozzi C, Sacchetti M, Di Luigi L. Exercise as a drug for glucose management and prevention in type ... 1). The dose-response relationships for both total PA expressed in MET-min/week and MVPA expressed in minutes/week were similar ...
Higher dosesAntimicrobialPharmacokineticAdultRheumatoid arthritisProportionalCurveTrialsIntravenousTherapeuticOptimalConclusionsExposure-responseAssessMeasurementCancerRatioVariationEffectsResistanceDementiaFindingsBacterialAlcoholRelationFactorsStudyTreatmentReactionMedicationsVitroLowerPopulationPatientHighPatientsMaleDesignsTypeResultsEffectDataEffectiveSingleGlobalActivity
Higher doses2
- As the name implies a U-shaped dose response is a dose response where there is a down-turn of the clinical dose-response relationship at higher doses. (biomedcentral.com)
- What emerged from the study was the fact that there was a greater risk of developing dementia with both lower and higher doses taken of such medications. (forbes.com)
Antimicrobial2
Pharmacokinetic2
- Use of opportunistic clinical data and a population pharmacokinetic model to support dosing of clindamycin for premature infants to adolescents. (emmes.com)
- Individuals differ in pharmacokinetic handling of drugs - Varying plasma/target site conc. (slideshare.net)
Adult2
- The final model was used to optimize pediatric dosing to match adult exposure proven effective against CA-MRSA. (emmes.com)
- The drugs--used by nearly 20% of the older adult population-are prescribed for a variety of conditions. (forbes.com)
Rheumatoid arthritis2
- E.g. the analgesic dose of aspirin for headache is 0.3-0.6 g, its antiplatelet dose is 60- 150 mg/day, while its anti-inflammatory dose for rheumatoid arthritis is 3-5 g per day. (slideshare.net)
- In a phase 2a clinical trial of new lead drug being developed for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a U-shaped dose response curve was observed. (biomedcentral.com)
Proportional2
- In practice, the Emax model assumes the drug effect is proportional to the dose, i.e. the bigger the dose, the bigger the effect. (biomedcentral.com)
- Plasma PK was generally dose proportional to 140 mg but non-proportional between 140 and 200 mg. (bvsalud.org)
Curve4
- The planned analysis for the Phase 2a trial for GSK123456 was a Bayesian Emax model which assumes the dose-response relationship follows a monotonic sigmoid "S" shaped curve. (biomedcentral.com)
- In comparison to the NDLM model the Emax model excelled with higher probability of selecting ED90 and smaller average sample size, when the true dose response followed Emax like curve. (biomedcentral.com)
- The bias, which is the difference between the estimated effect from the Emax and NDLM models and the simulated value, is comparable if the true dose response follows a placebo like curve, an Emax like curve, or log linear shape curve under fixed dose allocation, no adaptive allocation, half adaptive and adaptive scenarios. (biomedcentral.com)
- The bias though is significantly increased for the Emax model if the true dose response follows a U-shaped curve. (biomedcentral.com)
Trials7
- Choice of designs and doses for early phase trials. (nih.gov)
- It is important to quantify the dose response for a drug in phase 2a clinical trials so the optimal doses can then be selected for subsequent late phase trials. (biomedcentral.com)
- It has been reported that approximately 50% of Phase 3 clinical trials fail and the main explanations are the wrong dose being selected or poor understanding of the dose response in Phase 2 trials [ 1 , 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, it is critical to identify the correct dose in Phase 2 clinical trials to improve the Phase 3 success rate and thus increase research and development productivity [ 3 , 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- This chapter illustrates these issues, and potential mechanisms for resolving them, with regard to a particular subpopulation-subjects of reproductive age-in a particular category of clinical studies-clinical trials of drugs. (nationalacademies.org)
- The chapter concludes with the committee's recommendations for the conduct of research, including drug trials in persons of reproductive age and in lactating and pregnant women, and a discussion of the policy implications of these recommendations. (nationalacademies.org)
- In many cases, these risks are virtually impossible to detect before the drug is in widespread use because of the inherent limitations of animal studies and clinical trials. (nationalacademies.org)
Intravenous2
Therapeutic2
- 4. Titrated dose: the dose needed to produce maximal therapeutic effect cannot be given because of intolerable adverse effects. (slideshare.net)
- Even those taking the minimum therapeutic dose of these agents for long periods constituted "high use" and were noted to be at greater risk for dementia than those not taking such medications. (forbes.com)
Optimal1
- Optimal dose is arrived at by titrating it with an accept able level of adverse effect. (slideshare.net)
Conclusions1
- CONCLUSIONS: This monotherapy study established a dose-antiviral response relationship for GSK'254. (bvsalud.org)
Exposure-response2
- The bedaquiline exposure-response relationship was validated using time-to-positivity data from 233 newly diagnosed or treatment-experienced patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis from the C209 open-label study. (nih.gov)
- The significance of the exposure-response relationship on the bacterial clearance was compared to a constant drug effect model. (nih.gov)
Assess3
- We have been conducting biological experiments designed to both assess the potential hazard of agricultur al dusts and to determine the mechanism( s) of the pulmonary response. (cdc.gov)
- To assess the dose-response relationships, eight patients with moderate-to-severe therapy-refractory UC who are undergoing ten HBOT sessions will be recruited. (ecco-ibd.eu)
- However, if there is a belief that the dose response could be non-monotonic then the NDLM is the superior model to assess the dose response. (biomedcentral.com)
Measurement2
- Regulated dose : the dosage is accurately adjusted by repeated measurement of the affected physiological parameter, e.g. anti- hypertensives, hypoglycaemics, anticoagulants, diuretics, general anaesthetics. (slideshare.net)
- measurement of plasma drug concentration is not needed. (slideshare.net)
Cancer1
- Alcohol consumption and site-specific cancer risk: a comprehensive dose-response meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
Ratio2
- 4) A dose-response relationship and a ratio of minimum to maximum effective dose range greater than tenfold. (drugs.com)
- Fixed Dose Combinations (FDCs) of drugs A large number of pharmaceutical preparations contain two or more drugs in a fixed dose ratio. (slideshare.net)
Variation2
- Factors modifying drugs action Responses variation to a Drug: 1. (slideshare.net)
- Variation in number or state of receptors, coupling proteins or other components of response effectuation. (slideshare.net)
Effects12
- Additional information is available on global doses from nuclear bomb tests and doses from nuclear fuel processing and medical uses can be found in United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiations. (cdc.gov)
- The perfused trachea is used because it contains respiratory smooth muscle, which is involved in narrowing of the airways in response to inhaled substances, and other cell types such as epithelium, which lines the airways and is known to be a target of the toxic effects of some agents. (cdc.gov)
- some fixed dose combinations show more adverse effects. (slideshare.net)
- Pharmacology explores the effects of drugs on living organisms and is the cornerstone for a career in drug discovery and development. (edu.au)
- Among the possible dose response models, Emax model is one of the most widely applied models relating drug concentrations to effects [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Low doses of delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) have divergent effects on short-term spatial memory in young, healthy adults. (ox.ac.uk)
- We examined the effects of a single sublingual 5 mg dose of THC on a test of spatial working memory (requiring active manipulation of remembered spatial information for the management of future behavior) and a test of spatial span (requiring only the reproduction of sequences of previously presented spatial cues). (ox.ac.uk)
- The researchers particularly focused on such drugs that block acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter in the brain associated that effects in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. (forbes.com)
- Anticholinergic drugs can have a multitude of side effects, such as dry mouth, constipation, and urinary retention, and because of this, a number of medical providers often will make other choices to treat patients. (forbes.com)
- It is important to understand that while there is a general awareness that these drugs may cause drowsiness or sedation leading potentially to confusion, (included in the prescribing information), the potential for long term effects on cognition is an issue for which the general public has a low awareness. (forbes.com)
- Risk assessment for reproductive and developmental toxicity is complicated by the high background rates of infertility and birth defects, as well as the difficulty of identifying the specific effects of the drug under investigation. (nationalacademies.org)
- Evaluation of the effects of VKORC1 polymorphisms and haplotypes, CYP2C9 genotypes, and clinical factors on warfarin response in Sudanese patients. (cdc.gov)
Resistance1
- Alternative dosing regimens were simulated for tuberculosis patients with different types of drug resistance. (nih.gov)
Dementia3
- The clustering of many drugs around certain indications may provide insights into early manifestations of dementia. (bmj.com)
- Results from a new study provide increasing evidence that anticholinergic drugs-commonly used to treat allergies , insomnia or even depression--may heighten the risk for dementia in older persons. (forbes.com)
- Authors found that there was a cumulative dose response relationship observed over a 10 year period when evaluating for dementia, with a similar relationship seen for Alzheimer's disease. (forbes.com)
Findings1
- Our findings support age-based dosing. (emmes.com)
Bacterial1
- To externally validate an earlier characterized relationship between bedaquiline exposure and decline in bacterial load in a more difficult-to-treat patient population, and to explore the performances of alternative dosing regimens through simulations. (nih.gov)
Alcohol4
- Nontoxic doses of endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) enhance the hepatotoxicity of many xenobiotic agents, including allyl alcohol. (nih.gov)
- Recovery capital is a conceptual framework for recovery, but the balance of social, physical, human, and cultural capital does shape an individual's experience of addiction ( Drug and Alcohol Dependence ). (asam.org)
- Recovery capital comprises the social, physical, human, and cultural resources that help people resolve alcohol and other drug problems. (asam.org)
- Exploring the dose-response relationship between alcohol consumption and the risk of several alcohol-related conditions: a meta-analysis. (cdc.gov)
Relation1
- Multivariate analysis of the relation between diet and warfarin dose. (cdc.gov)
Factors4
- Factors modify drug action either ▶ Quantitatively: the plasma concentration and/or the action of the drug is increased or decreased. (slideshare.net)
- This chapter describes some of the factors-such as toxicity data, subjects' understanding of risks, and contraception-that investigators must consider when they wish to study a drug in populations of reproductive age. (nationalacademies.org)
- Genetic factors contribute to patient-specific warfarin dose for Han Chinese. (cdc.gov)
- Genetic factors associated with patient-specific warfarin dose in ethnic Indonesians. (cdc.gov)
Study2
- Patients in the investigator-initiated, phase 2 pilot study self-administered a subcutaneous injection of setmelanotide once daily at a starting dose of 0.25 mg in the first patient and 0.5 mg in the second patient. (medscape.com)
- While no direct cause and effect relationship was noted from this observational study, there was an association or link noted with long term use, seen with both low and higher dosages used. (forbes.com)
Treatment3
- In January 2016, the US Food and Drug Administration granted breakthrough-therapy designation to setmelanotide for the treatment of POMC-deficiency obesity, which has been designated an ultra-orphan disease. (medscape.com)
- and (5) summaries of several of GAO's recent products on federal drug-prevention and treatment-related efforts. (druglibrary.org)
- Despite the increase in treatment options, there is still a group of Ulcerative Colitis (UC) patients who do not respond to drug treatment and ultimately require proctocolectomy. (ecco-ibd.eu)
Reaction1
- Allopurinol-induced SCARs include Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrosis (SJS/TEN), drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS), and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Medications1
- Other medications in this category include chlorpheniramine, an older allergy medication as well as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) such as amitriptyline or doxepin, which are often used in low doses for neuropathic pain as well as migraine prophylaxis. (forbes.com)
Vitro1
- Retrospectively, the impact of L74I on in vitro sensitivity and durability of response to cabotegravir in HIV-1 subtype B and A6 backgrounds was studied. (bvsalud.org)
Lower1
- PA has clear dose-response relationship with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. (biomedcentral.com)
Population1
- Effect of CYP2C9, VKORC1, CYP4F2 and GGCX genetic variants on warfarin maintenance dose and explicating a new pharmacogenetic algorithm in South Indian population. (cdc.gov)
Patient2
- is the appropriate amount of a drug needed to produce a certain degree of response in a given patient. (slideshare.net)
- White blood cells contribute to patient-specific warfarin dose for Han Chinese. (cdc.gov)
High2
- While it has not been reported in animals the use of high doses of salicylates, as in rheumatic diseases, in conjunction with Salix ® may result in salicylate toxicity because of competition for renal excretory sites. (drugs.com)
- An ongoing and serious challenge facing the pharmaceutical industry is the high failure rate in the late phase of drug development [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Patients9
- Hunger disappears completely and satiety is normalized in patients with obesity because of an extremely rare genetic mutation for melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) deficiency treated with the investigational drug setmelanotide (RM-493, Rhythm Pharmaceuticals), a melanocortin-4 receptor agonist. (medscape.com)
- After dose escalation, patients noticed a distinctive lowering in their hunger levels to normalization. (medscape.com)
- Standard dose : the same dose is appropriate for most patients-individual variations are minor or the drug has a wide safety margin so that a large enough dose can be given to cover them, e.g. oral contraceptives, penicillin 2. (slideshare.net)
- If this cohort does not achieve response, another cohort of eight patients undergoing 20 HBOT sessions will be recruited. (ecco-ibd.eu)
- Contribution of age, body weight, and CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genotype to the anticoagulant response to warfarin: proposal for a new dosing regimen in Chinese patients. (cdc.gov)
- A polymorphism, body weight, age, and serum albumin alterations on warfarin response in Japanese patients. (cdc.gov)
- G genotype, body weight, and age are important predictors for warfarin maintenance doses in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses in southwest China. (cdc.gov)
- T polymorphism in the VKORC1 gene to warfarin dose requirements in Han Chinese patients receiving anticoagulation. (cdc.gov)
- Development and comparison of a warfarin-dosing algorithm for Korean patients with atrial fibrillation. (cdc.gov)
Male1
- Nevertheless, the possibility that certain drugs pose unique risks to the male reproductive system may also merit attention. (nationalacademies.org)
Designs1
- Continual reassessment and related designs in dose-finding studies. (nih.gov)
Type4
- Qualititatively: the type of response is altered, e.g. drug allergy or idiosyncrasy. (slideshare.net)
- We are currently reliant on cohort studies to establish evidence of a potentially causal association between PA with type 2 diabetes, such as demonstrating evidence of a dose-response relationship. (biomedcentral.com)
- In addition, the type I error, probability of incorrectly concluding a drug may work when it does not, is inflated with the Bayesian NDLM model in all scenarios which would represent a development risk to pharmaceutical company. (biomedcentral.com)
- Speak with a healthcare provider to find out what type of product and dose might be best for a specific condition. (medlineplus.gov)
Results1
- These results are compared with the dose-response relationship obtained after the trachea is challenged with methacholine perfused through the lumen. (cdc.gov)
Effect1
- The protocol used to examine dust effect( s) is to apply the bronchoconstricting drug, methacholine, to the fluid surrounding the trachea in order to establish the dose-response relationship for the diameter decrease caused by contraction of the smooth muscle. (cdc.gov)
Data2
- According to recent CDC data, there were 110,000 drug overdose deaths this year but hopefully a plateau represents the successes of our interventions and not a low tide before a new wave ( NY Times ). (asam.org)
- This model was found to be suboptimal to model the U-shaped dose response observed in the data from this trial and alternatives approaches were needed to be considered for the next compound for which a Normal dynamic linear model (NDLM) is proposed. (biomedcentral.com)
Effective1
- the safe and effective management of drug administration. (slideshare.net)
Single2
- 6 ] showed that majority of dose response models in the dose response of small molecule compounds were Emax models based on dose response curves from a single company and there were two cases reported a likely U-shaped dose response that Emax model failed to fit [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- As medicine, activated charcoal has most often been used under the supervision of a healthcare professional in a single dose of 100 grams by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
Global1
- It is particularly relevant with the increasing global challenge to develop new drugs against infectious agents. (edu.au)
Activity1
- The drug possesses diuretic activity either in presence of acidosis or alkalosis. (drugs.com)
