Dopamine uptake inhibitors. Medical search

Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake.

A centrally active muscarinic antagonist that has been used in the symptomatic treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE. Benztropine also inhibits the uptake of dopamine.

An isoquinoline derivative that prevents dopamine reuptake into synaptosomes. The maleate was formerly used in the treatment of depression. It was withdrawn worldwide in 1986 due to the risk of acute hemolytic anemia with intravascular hemolysis resulting from its use. In some cases, renal failure also developed. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p266)

One of the catecholamine NEUROTRANSMITTERS in the brain. It is derived from TYROSINE and is the precursor to NOREPINEPHRINE and EPINEPHRINE. Dopamine is a major transmitter in the extrapyramidal system of the brain, and important in regulating movement. A family of receptors (RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE) mediate its action.

An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.

Drugs that inhibit the transport of neurotransmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. For many transmitters, uptake determines the time course of transmitter action so inhibiting uptake prolongs the activity of the transmitter. Blocking uptake may also deplete available transmitter stores. Many clinically important drugs are uptake inhibitors although the indirect reactions of the brain rather than the acute block of uptake itself is often responsible for the therapeutic effects.

Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of dopaminergic neurons. They remove DOPAMINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS and are the target of DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITORS.

A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

Tricyclic anorexigenic agent unrelated to and less toxic than AMPHETAMINE, but with some similar side effects. It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate DOPAMINE RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of dopamine or exogenous agonists. Many drugs used in the treatment of psychotic disorders (ANTIPSYCHOTIC AGENTS) are dopamine antagonists, although their therapeutic effects may be due to long-term adjustments of the brain rather than to the acute effects of blocking dopamine receptors. Dopamine antagonists have been used for several other clinical purposes including as ANTIEMETICS, in the treatment of Tourette syndrome, and for hiccup. Dopamine receptor blockade is associated with NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME.

Cell-surface proteins that bind dopamine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells.

A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D1-class receptor genes lack INTRONS, and the receptors stimulate ADENYLYL CYCLASES.

Drugs that bind to and activate dopamine receptors.

Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.

Pinched-off nerve endings and their contents of vesicles and cytoplasm together with the attached subsynaptic area of the membrane of the post-synaptic cell. They are largely artificial structures produced by fractionation after selective centrifugation of nervous tissue homogenates.

A subtype of dopamine D2 receptors that are highly expressed in the LIMBIC SYSTEM of the brain.

Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.

Compounds that suppress or block the plasma membrane transport of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID by GABA PLASMA MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.

N-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octanes best known for the ones found in PLANTS.

Membrane proteins whose primary function is to facilitate the transport of molecules across a biological membrane. Included in this broad category are proteins involved in active transport (BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT, ACTIVE), facilitated transport and ION CHANNELS.

Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of noradrenergic neurons. They remove NOREPINEPHRINE from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. It regulates signal amplitude and duration at noradrenergic synapses and is the target of ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS.

Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A biochemical messenger and regulator, synthesized from the essential amino acid L-TRYPTOPHAN. In humans it is found primarily in the central nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and blood platelets. Serotonin mediates several important physiological functions including neurotransmission, gastrointestinal motility, hemostasis, and cardiovascular integrity. Multiple receptor families (RECEPTORS, SEROTONIN) explain the broad physiological actions and distribution of this biochemical mediator.

Any drugs that are used for their effects on dopamine receptors, on the life cycle of dopamine, or on the survival of dopaminergic neurons.

One of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS formerly used for depression but was withdrawn worldwide in September 1983 because of the risk of GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME associated with its use. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p385)

A central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic with actions and uses similar to DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The smokable form is a drug of abuse and is referred to as crank, crystal, crystal meth, ice, and speed.

A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.

The phylogenetically newer part of the CORPUS STRIATUM consisting of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and PUTAMEN. It is often called simply the striatum.

A technique for measuring extracellular concentrations of substances in tissues, usually in vivo, by means of a small probe equipped with a semipermeable membrane. Substances may also be introduced into the extracellular space through the membrane.

The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.

A subtype of dopamine D1 receptors that has higher affinity for DOPAMINE and differentially couples to GTP-BINDING PROTEINS.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.

A powerful central nervous system stimulant and sympathomimetic. Amphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulation of release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. Amphetamine is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic. The l- and the d,l-forms are included here. The l-form has less central nervous system activity but stronger cardiovascular effects. The d-form is DEXTROAMPHETAMINE.

An alkaloid that has actions similar to NICOTINE on nicotinic cholinergic receptors but is less potent. It has been proposed for a variety of therapeutic uses including in respiratory disorders, peripheral vascular disorders, insomnia, and smoking cessation.

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

A central nervous system stimulant used most commonly in the treatment of ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER in children and for NARCOLEPSY. Its mechanisms appear to be similar to those of DEXTROAMPHETAMINE. The d-isomer of this drug is referred to as DEXMETHYLPHENIDATE HYDROCHLORIDE.

Elongated gray mass of the neostriatum located adjacent to the lateral ventricle of the brain.

The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.

A family of vesicular amine transporter proteins that catalyze the transport and storage of CATECHOLAMINES and indolamines into SECRETORY VESICLES.

Agents that affect ION PUMPS; ION CHANNELS; ABC TRANSPORTERS; and other MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Biogenic amines having only one amine moiety. Included in this group are all natural monoamines formed by the enzymatic decarboxylation of natural amino acids.

A tricyclic antidepressant similar to IMIPRAMINE that selectively inhibits the uptake of serotonin in the brain. It is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and demethylated in the liver to form its primary active metabolite, desmethylclomipramine.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

A drug formerly used as an antipsychotic and treatment of various movement disorders. Tetrabenazine blocks neurotransmitter uptake into adrenergic storage vesicles and has been used as a high affinity label for the vesicle transport system.

The middle of the three primitive cerebral vesicles of the embryonic brain. Without further subdivision, midbrain develops into a short, constricted portion connecting the PONS and the DIENCEPHALON. Midbrain contains two major parts, the dorsal TECTUM MESENCEPHALI and the ventral TEGMENTUM MESENCEPHALI, housing components of auditory, visual, and other sensorimoter systems.

A monoamine oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive properties.

Relatively invariant mode of behavior elicited or determined by a particular situation; may be verbal, postural, or expressive.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

The black substance in the ventral midbrain or the nucleus of cells containing the black substance. These cells produce DOPAMINE, an important neurotransmitter in regulation of the sensorimotor system and mood. The dark colored MELANIN is a by-product of dopamine synthesis.

Disorders related or resulting from use of cocaine.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A dopamine agonist and serotonin antagonist. It has been used similarly to BROMOCRIPTINE as a dopamine agonist and also for MIGRAINE DISORDERS therapy.

A centrally active drug that apparently both blocks serotonin uptake and provokes transport-mediated serotonin release.

Tricyclic antidepressant similar in action and side effects to IMIPRAMINE. It may produce excitation.

An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.

A pharmacologic congener of serotonin that contracts smooth muscle and has actions similar to those of tricyclic antidepressants. It has been proposed as an oxytocic.

An active neurotoxic metabolite of 1-METHYL-4-PHENYL-1,2,3,6-TETRAHYDROPYRIDINE. The compound reduces dopamine levels, inhibits the biosynthesis of catecholamines, depletes cardiac norepinephrine and inactivates tyrosine hydroxylase. These and other toxic effects lead to cessation of oxidative phosphorylation, ATP depletion, and cell death. The compound, which is related to PARAQUAT, has also been used as an herbicide.

Analogs or derivatives of AMPHETAMINE. Many are sympathomimetics and central nervous system stimulators causing excitation, vasopressin, bronchodilation, and to varying degrees, anorexia, analepsis, nasal decongestion, and some smooth muscle relaxation.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

A dopamine D2/D3 receptor agonist.

Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.

A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.

A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of DEPRESSION and a variety of ANXIETY DISORDERS.

Compounds with BENZENE fused to AZEPINES.

A deaminated metabolite of LEVODOPA.

Changes in the amounts of various chemicals (neurotransmitters, receptors, enzymes, and other metabolites) specific to the area of the central nervous system contained within the head. These are monitored over time, during sensory stimulation, or under different disease states.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

The prototypical tricyclic antidepressant. It has been used in major depression, dysthymia, bipolar depression, attention-deficit disorders, agoraphobia, and panic disorders. It has less sedative effect than some other members of this therapeutic group.

A loosely defined group of drugs that tend to increase behavioral alertness, agitation, or excitation. They work by a variety of mechanisms, but usually not by direct excitation of neurons. The many drugs that have such actions as side effects to their main therapeutic use are not included here.

An indirect sympathomimetic. Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. It also provokes transmitter release from adrenergic terminals. Tyramine may be a neurotransmitter in some invertebrate nervous systems.

A substituted benzamide that has antipsychotic properties. It is a dopamine D2 receptor (see RECEPTORS, DOPAMINE D2) antagonist.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (From Gilman, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p414)

Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of serotonergic neurons. They are different than SEROTONIN RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to SEROTONIN. They remove SEROTONIN from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. Regulates signal amplitude and duration at serotonergic synapses and is the site of action of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS.

A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.

An N-substituted amphetamine analog. It is a widely abused drug classified as a hallucinogen and causes marked, long-lasting changes in brain serotonergic systems. It is commonly referred to as MDMA or ecstasy.

Cell-surface proteins that bind SEROTONIN and trigger intracellular changes which influence the behavior of cells. Several types of serotonin receptors have been recognized which differ in their pharmacology, molecular biology, and mode of action.

The d-form of AMPHETAMINE. It is a central nervous system stimulant and a sympathomimetic. It has also been used in the treatment of narcolepsy and of attention deficit disorders and hyperactivity in children. Dextroamphetamine has multiple mechanisms of action including blocking uptake of adrenergics and dopamine, stimulating release of monamines, and inhibiting monoamine oxidase. It is also a drug of abuse and a psychotomimetic.

A dopamine D2-receptor antagonist. It has been used therapeutically as an antidepressant, antipsychotic, and as a digestive aid. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.

Amides of salicylic acid.

A phenyl-piperidinyl-butyrophenone that is used primarily to treat SCHIZOPHRENIA and other PSYCHOSES. It is also used in schizoaffective disorder, DELUSIONAL DISORDERS, ballism, and TOURETTE SYNDROME (a drug of choice) and occasionally as adjunctive therapy in INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY and the chorea of HUNTINGTON DISEASE. It is a potent antiemetic and is used in the treatment of intractable HICCUPS. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p279)

A derivative of morphine that is a dopamine D2 agonist. It is a powerful emetic and has been used for that effect in acute poisoning. It has also been used in the diagnosis and treatment of parkinsonism, but its adverse effects limit its use.

A phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks uptake and metabolism of adenosine by erythrocytes and vascular endothelial cells. Dipyridamole also potentiates the antiaggregating action of prostacyclin. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p752)

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

A general class of ortho-dihydroxyphenylalkylamines derived from tyrosine.

Membrane-bound compartments which contain transmitter molecules. Synaptic vesicles are concentrated at presynaptic terminals. They actively sequester transmitter molecules from the cytoplasm. In at least some synapses, transmitter release occurs by fusion of these vesicles with the presynaptic membrane, followed by exocytosis of their contents.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

The naturally occurring form of DIHYDROXYPHENYLALANINE and the immediate precursor of DOPAMINE. Unlike dopamine itself, it can be taken orally and crosses the blood-brain barrier. It is rapidly taken up by dopaminergic neurons and converted to DOPAMINE. It is used for the treatment of PARKINSONIAN DISORDERS and is usually given with agents that inhibit its conversion to dopamine outside of the central nervous system.

Fatty acid derivatives that have specificity for CANNABINOID RECEPTORS. They are structurally distinct from CANNABINOIDS and were originally discovered as a group of endogenous CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

Solid-phase microextraction for cannabinoids analysis in hair and its possible application to other drugs. (1/1361)

This paper describes the application of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to cannabis testing in hair. Fifty milligrams of hair was washed with petroleum ether, hydrolyzed with NaOH, neutralized, deuterated internal standard was added and directly submitted to SPME. The SPME was analyzed by GC-MS. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mg for cannabinol (CBN) and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 0.2 ng/mg for cannabidiol (CBD). THC was detected in a range spanning from 0.1 to 0.7 ng/mg. CBD concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 14.1 ng/mg, and CBN concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 ng/mg. The effectiveness of different decontamination procedures was also studied on passively contaminated hair. The proposed method is also suitable for the analysis of methadone in hair; cocaine and cocaethylene can be detected in hair with SPME extraction after enzymatic hydrolysis. (+info)

Acquisition of nicotine discrimination and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats chronically exposed to caffeine. (2/1361)

Caffeine and nicotine are the main psychoactive ingredients of coffee and tobacco, with a high frequency of concurrent use in humans. This study examined the effects of chronic caffeine exposure on 1) rates of acquisition of a nicotine discrimination (0.1 or 0.4 mg/kg, s.c., training doses) and 2) the pharmacological characteristics of the established nicotine discrimination in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Once rats learned to lever-press reliably under a fixed ratio of 10 schedule for food pellets, they were randomly divided into two groups; 12 animals were maintained continuously on caffeine added to the drinking water (3 mg/ml) and another 12 control rats continued to drink tap water. In each group of water- and caffeine-drinking rats, there were six rats trained to discriminate 0.1 mg/kg of nicotine from saline and six rats trained to discriminate 0.4 mg/kg of nicotine from saline. Regardless of the training dose of nicotine, both water- and caffeine-drinking groups required a comparable number of training sessions to attain reliable stimulus control, although there was a trend for a slower acquisition in the caffeine-drinking group trained with 0.1 mg/kg of nicotine. Tests for generalization to different doses of nicotine revealed no significant differences in potency of nicotine between water- and caffeine-drinking groups. The nicotinic-receptor antagonist mecamylamine blocked the discriminative effects of 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine with comparable potency and efficacy in water- and caffeine-drinking groups. There was a dose-related generalization to both the 0.1 and 0.4 mg/kg nicotine cue (maximum average of 51-83%) in water-drinking rats after i.p. treatment with d-amphetamine, cocaine, the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR-12909, apomorphine, and the selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF-82958, but not in caffeine-drinking rats (0-22%). There was no generalization to the nicotine cues after i.p. treatment with caffeine or the selective D2 (NPA) and D3 (PD 128,907) dopamine-receptor agonists in water- and caffeine-drinking rats. The dopamine-release inhibitor CGS 10746B reduced the discriminative effects of 0.4 mg/kg nicotine in water-drinking rats, but not in caffeine-drinking rats. There was no evidence of development of tolerance or sensitization to nicotine's effects throughout the study. In conclusion, chronic caffeine exposure (average, 135 mg/kg/day) did not affect the rate of acquisition of the nicotine discrimination, but it did reduce the dopaminergic component of the nicotine-discriminative cue. The reduction of the dopaminergic component of the nicotine cue was permanent, as this effect was still evident after the caffeine solution was replaced with water in caffeine-drinking rats. That nicotine could reliably serve as a discriminative stimulus in the absence of the dopaminergic component of its discriminative cue may differentiate nicotine from "classical dopaminergic" drugs of abuse such as cocaine and amphetamine. (+info)

Age-related reductions in [3H]WIN 35,428 binding to the dopamine transporter in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic brain regions of the fischer 344 rat. (3/1361)

In the present study, we used the potent cocaine analog [3H]WIN 35, 428 to map and quantify binding to the dopamine transporter (DAT) within the dorsal striatum, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area in young (6-month-old), middle-aged (12-month-old), and aged (18- and 24-month-old) Fischer 344 rats. Quantitative autoradiographic analysis of indirect [3H]WIN 35,428 saturation curves revealed two-site binding for all four brain regions in every age group. The percentage of binding to the high- or low-affinity sites did not differ with age or region and was approximately 50%. However, significant age-related decreases in the overall density (Bmax) of [3H]WIN 35,428-binding sites were observed in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, substantia nigra, and ventral tegmental area. The Bmax within all brain regions declined by more than 15% every 6 months, with the Bmax in the aged (24-month-old) group being approximately half that measured in the young adult (6-month-old) group. Competition experiments indicated that nomifensine also exhibited two-site binding to the DAT in Fischer 344 rats. No consistent age-related differences in binding affinities were noted with either [3H]WIN 35,428 or nomifensine. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that functional DATs within the nigrostriatal and mesolimbic systems are down-regulated with age, without changing their affinity for ligands. (+info)

Characterization of [125I]RTI-121 binding to dopamine transporter in vitro. (4/1361)

AIM: To characterize the binding of [125I]3 beta-(4-iodophenyl) tropane-2 beta-carboxylic acid isopropyl ester (RTI-121) to the dopamine transporter (DAT) under physiologically relevant conditions. METHODS: [125I]RTI-121 was used to label the DAT on fresh rat striatum synaptosomal membranes in artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) at 37 degrees C. RESULTS: [125I]RTI-121 binding reached equilibrium within 3 min and remained at its plateau value for at least 9 min. The data from kinetic, saturation, and competition studies supported a one-site model for the binding of [125I]RTI-121 to the DAT. Various DAT blockers (oocaine, GBR12935, and BTCP) and substrates (dopamine and d-amphetamine) competitively inhibited the binding of [125I]RTI-121. Compared with NaPhos-KCl-NaCl assay buffer, ACSF containing Ca2+ and Mg2+ markedly increased the IC50 of DAT blockers for inhibiting [125I]RTI-121 binding with less effect on that of substrates. Various D2 receptor ligands (pergolide, quinirole, sulpiride, and l-stepholidine) had no direct effect on the binding of [125I]RTI-121. CONCLUSION: [125I]RTI-121 binding under physiologically relevant conditions fulfills the basic criteria for DAT binding assay. (+info)

ATP-sensitive potassium channels regulate in vivo dopamine release in rat striatum. (5/1361)

ATP-sensitive K+ channels (K(ATP)) are distributed in a variety of tissues including smooth muscle, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreatic beta-cells and neurons. Since K(ATP) channels are present in the nigrostriatal dopamine (DA) pathway, the effect of potassium-channel modulators on the release of DA in the striatum of conscious, freely-moving rats was investigated. The extracellular concentration of DA was significantly decreased by the K(ATP)-channel opener (-)-cromakalim but not by diazoxide. (-)-Cromakalim was effective at 100 and 1000 microM concentrations, and the maximum decrease was 54% below baseline. d-Amphetamine significantly increased extracellular DA levels at the doses of 0.75 and 1.5 mg/kg, s.c. with a 770% maximum increase. (-)-Cromakalim had no effect on d-amphetamine-induced DA release, while glyburide, a K(ATP) blocker, significantly potentiated the effects of a low dose of d-amphetamine. These data indicate that K+ channels present in the nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals modulate basal release as well as evoked release of DA. (+info)

Comparison of effects of haloperidol administration on amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. (6/1361)

Research has shown that there are important neurochemical differences between the mesocortical and mesostriatal dopamine systems. The work reported in this paper has sought to compare the regulation of dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex and the anterior caudate-putamen. In vivo microdialysis was used to recover dialysate fluid for subsequent assay for dopamine concentrations. The responses to D2 antagonist (haloperidol) administration, which has been shown to increase impulse-dependent dopamine release, were compared. Results demonstrated a diminished effect of systemic haloperidol administration on dopamine efflux in the prefrontal cortex. The responses to systemic administration of a nonimpulse-dependent, transporter-mediated, dopamine releaser (d-amphetamine) were also contrasted. Results again demonstrated a diminished pharmacological effect in the cortex. The potential interaction of stimulation of these two types of dopamine release was examined by coadministration of these compounds. Haloperidol pretreatment dramatically potentiated the dopamine-releasing effect of amphetamine administration. This effect was observed in both the cortex and the striatum. Subsequent work demonstrated that this effect of haloperidol was mediated by D2-like receptors in the prefrontal cortex. These results are discussed in relation to other neurochemical and neuroanatomical studies demonstrating sparse densities of dopamine transporter sites and dopamine D2 receptors in the cortex compared with the striatum. They demonstrate a functional correlate to the recently reported, largely extrasynaptic localization of dopamine transporter sites in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, they demonstrate the existence of cortical D2-like autoreceptors that may normally be "silent" under basal conditions. (+info)

Female gonadal hormones differentially modulate cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in Fischer, Lewis, and Sprague-Dawley rats. (7/1361)

Evidence suggests the existence of genetic differences in cocaine sensitization in male rats. The present study was undertaken to investigate cocaine sensitization in female rats of genetically distinct inbred (Fischer 344 and Lewis) and outbred (Sprague-Dawley) strains. All female rats were bilaterally ovariectomized and randomly assigned to one of four experimental groups: 1) estradiol benzoate group, 2) progesterone group, 3) estradiol benzoate-plus-progesterone group, and 4) ovariectomized group. Additional controls included sham-operated female rats, female rats that received a single oil injection, and female rats that received repeated oil injections. To determine gender-related differences in the acute and chronic effects of cocaine, data obtained from female rats were compared with those from strain- and weight-matched male rats. Estradiol benzoate-plus-progesterone female rats showed greater locomotor effect in response to an acute dose of cocaine and had more robust sensitization in response to repeated cocaine than did male rats. The bilateral removal of ovaries abolished cocaine sensitization. In all strains of rats studied, progesterone alone did not alter the ovariectomy-induced attenuation of cocaine behavior, but estrogen alone restored cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization. There were significant strain effects on the degree of gonadal hormonal-induced modulation of cocaine sensitization in female rats. Female Lewis rats were extremely sensitive to repeated-cocaine effects, whereas the Fischer 344 female rats showed only marginal effects. The Sprague-Dawley rats ranked intermediate in their behavioral sensitivity. The present study strongly supports the hypothesis that female rats are more sensitive to both acute and chronic behavioral effects of cocaine than are male rats and that the effects are strain dependent. It also shows that estrogen plays an important role in the increased sensitivity of female rats to cocaine sensitization. Together, these data indicate significant interactions between ovarian steroid hormones and genetic factors in cocaine-induced behavioral effects. (+info)

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of the dopamine transporter ligand 4-chlorobenztropine alone and in combination with cocaine in vivo. (8/1361)

The current studies evaluated the novel diphenylmethoxytropane analog 4-chlorobenztropine (4-Cl-BZT), cocaine, and combinations of the two drugs for their abilities to stimulate locomotor activity, produce cocaine-like discriminative stimulus effects, and elevate extracellular dopamine (DA) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) as measured by in vivo microdialysis. Peripherally administered cocaine was approximately twice as efficacious as 4-Cl-BZT as a locomotor stimulant and was behaviorally active at a lower dose than was 4-Cl-BZT. Cocaine also was more efficacious than 4-Cl-BZT in producing discriminative-stimulus effects in rats trained to discriminate i.p. injections of 10 mg/kg cocaine from saline. The time course of behavioral activation differed markedly between the two drugs, with much shorter onset and duration of locomotor stimulant effects for cocaine relative to 4-Cl-BZT. Similarly, i.p. cocaine (10 and 40 mg/kg) induced a pronounced, rapid, and short-lived increase in DA in the NAc, whereas i.p. 4-Cl-BZT was effective only at the higher dose and produced a more gradual, modest, and sustained (>/=2 h) elevation in accumbens DA. In contrast to i.p. administration, local infusion of 4-Cl-BZT (1-100 microM) into the NAc through the microdialysis probe elevated extracellular DA to a much greater extent than did local cocaine (nearly 2000% of baseline maximally for 4-Cl-BZT versus 400% of baseline for cocaine) and displayed a much longer duration of action than cocaine. However, when microinjected bilaterally into the NAc at 30 or 300 nmol/side, cocaine remained a more efficacious locomotor stimulant than 4-Cl-BZT. Finally, pretreatment with i.p. 4-Cl-BZT dose dependently enhanced the locomotor stimulant, discriminative stimulus effects, and NAc DA response to a subsequent low-dose i.p. cocaine challenge. The diphenylmethoxytropane analog also facilitated the emergence of stereotyped behavior and convulsions induced by high-dose cocaine. The current results demonstrate that DA transporter ligands that do not share the neurochemical and behavioral profiles of cocaine nevertheless may enhance the effects of cocaine in vivo. (+info)

... is a psychostimulant and dopamine re-uptake inhibitor. Kilbourn, Michael R.; Phil S. Sherman; Teresa Pisani (1992). " ... "Repeated reserpine administration reduces in vivo [18F]GBR 13119 binding to the dopamine uptake site" (PDF). European Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBR-13119

... is a psychostimulant and selective dopamine uptake inhibitor. Blocking the endogenous striatal dopamine (DA) ... a selective dopamine uptake inhibitor; behavioural, biochemical and electrophysiological studies". Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch ... Feb 2007). "Mitochondrial stress-induced dopamine efflux and neuronal damage by malonate involves the dopamine transporter". J ... Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, 1-(2-(Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)piperazines, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBR-13098

"Synthesis of 3-arylecgonine analogues as inhibitors of cocaine binding and dopamine uptake". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 33 ... Troparil is a few times more potent than cocaine as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor, but is less potent as a serotonin reuptake ... Troparil is a phenyltropane-based dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) that is derived from methylecgonidine. ... dopamine uptake inhibition, and locomotor stimulant activity of 2-substituted 3 beta-phenyltropane derivatives". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troparil

Li SM, Campbell BL, Katz JL (June 2006). "Interactions of cocaine with dopamine uptake inhibitors or dopamine releasers in rats ... "Synthesis of 3-arylecgonine analogues as inhibitors of cocaine binding and dopamine uptake". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 33 ... CFT is a phenyltropane based dopamine reuptake inhibitor and is structurally derived from cocaine. It is around 3-10x more ... Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Stimulants, Sympathomimetic amines, Medical imaging, Neuroimaging, Fluoroarenes, Methyl esters). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIN-35428

"Synthesis of 3-arylecgonine analogues as inhibitors of cocaine binding and dopamine uptake". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 33 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylecgonidine

There are very distinct differences in the mode of action between dopamine releasers/substrates & dopamine re-uptake inhibitors ... Kintscher, U (2012). "Reuptake Inhibitors of Dopamine, Noradrenaline, and Serotonin". Reuptake Inhibitors of Dopamine, ... A dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) is a class of drug which acts as a reuptake inhibitor of the monoamine neurotransmitter ... a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor and potential medication for psychostimulant abuse". Biol. Psychiatry. 72 (5): 405-13. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor

3 beta-Substituted ecgonine methyl esters as inhibitors for cocaine binding and dopamine uptake". Journal of Medicinal ... CPCA bind to the dopamine transporter and inhibit dopamine uptake, stimulate motor activity in rodents and completely ... 2. Potent dopamine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 43 (6): 1215-1222. doi:10.1021/jm9905561 ... February 2000). "Discovery of a novel dopamine transporter inhibitor, 4-hydroxy-1-methyl-4-(4-methylphenyl)-3-piperidyl 4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/( )-CPCA

... a New Selective Dopamine Uptake Inhibitor". European Journal of Pharmacology. 183 (4): 1416-1417. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(90) ... Unlike other similar drugs, GYKI 52895 is a selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DARI), which appears to have an atypical ... Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Anilines, Benzodiazepines, Benzodioxoles, Abandoned drugs). ... Vaarmann A, Gandhi S, Gourine AV, Abramov AY (2010). "Novel pathway for an old neurotransmitter: dopamine-induced neuronal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GYKI_52895

"Effects of various dopamine uptake inhibitors on striatal extracellular dopamine levels and behaviours in rats". European ... Is a stimulant drug which acts as a triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor, primarily inhibiting the reuptake of dopamine and ... Andersen PH (August 1989). "The dopamine inhibitor GBR 12909: selectivity and molecular mechanism of action". European Journal ... 1982). "Diclofensine (Ro 8-4650)--a potent inhibitor of monoamine uptake: biochemical and behavioural effects in comparison ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diclofensine

... selective dopamine uptake inhibitors with behavioral effects distinct from those of cocaine". The Journal of Pharmacology and ... which acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Difluoropine is unique among the tropane-derived dopamine ... November 2006). "Dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitors alleviate specific parkinsonian deficits in monkeys: association with ... Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Stimulants, Diphenylmethanol ethers, Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methanes, All stub articles, Nervous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difluoropine

"Combinations of Cocaine with Other Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors: Assessment of Additivity". Journal of Pharmacology and ... between Conformational Changes in the Dopamine Transporter and Cocaine-Like Subjective Effects of Uptake Inhibitors". Molecular ... Rothman, RB; Baumann, MH; Prisinzano, TE; Newman, AH (2008). "Dopamine transport inhibitors based on GBR12909 and benztropine ... In animal studies, certain of the local anesthetics have displayed residual dopamine reuptake inhibitor properties, although ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cocaine_analogues

September 2012). "R-modafinil (armodafinil): a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor and potential medication for psychostimulant ... a dopamine re-uptake inhibitor) do not reduce cocaine self-administration. Modafinil is available in the form of 100 and 200 mg ... "Modafinil and its structural analogs as atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors and potential medications for psychostimulant use ... Modafinil acts as an atypical, selective, and weak dopamine reuptake inhibitor and indirectly activates the release of orexin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modafinil

"Behavioural and neurochemical evidence that the antimicrobial agent oxolinic acid is a dopamine uptake inhibitor". European ... It also acts as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor and has stimulant effects in mice. Amfonelic acid Fluoroquinolone JP Patent ... Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Carboxylic acids, Nitrogen heterocycles, Oxygen heterocycles, Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxolinic_acid

... the antidepressant tianeptine is not a dopamine uptake inhibitor". Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior. 63 (2): 285-90. doi: ... and the drug appears to act predominantly as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor. In contrast to the case for dopamine, amineptine ... Dopamine releasing agents, Hepatotoxins, Laboratoires Servier, Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Tricyclic ... It acts as a selective and mixed dopamine reuptake inhibitor and releasing agent, and to a lesser extent as a norepinephrine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amineptine

"In vivo occupancy of the striatal dopamine uptake complex by various inhibitors does not predict their effects on locomotion". ... GBR-13069 is a psychostimulant and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Vanoxerine GBR-12783 GBR-12935 GBR-13098 DBL-583 ... Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, 1-(2-(Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)piperazines, Stimulants, All stub articles, Nervous system ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GBR-13069

"The high-affinity dopamine uptake inhibitor, JHW 007, blocks cocaine-induced reward, locomotor stimulation, and sensitization ... In contrast to cocaine and other cocaine-like dopamine reuptake inhibitors, JHW-007 binds to the dopamine transporter (DAT) in ... JHW-007 is a cocaine analog and a high affinity atypical dopamine reuptake inhibitor that is being researched for the treatment ... Articles with short description, Short description with empty Wikidata description, Cocaine, Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JHW-007

"Comparative behavioral pharmacology of cocaine and the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor RTI-113 in the squirrel monkey". The ... is a stimulant drug which acts as a potent and fully selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI). It has been suggested as a ... "Relationship between rate of drug uptake in brain and behavioral pharmacology of monoamine transporter inhibitors in rhesus ... Wee, S.; Carroll, F.; Woolverton, W. (2006). "A reduced rate of in vivo dopamine transporter binding is associated with lower ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTI-113

Izenwasser S, Werling LL, Cox BM (June 1990). "Comparison of the effects of cocaine and other inhibitors of dopamine uptake in ... "A tolerance study of single and multiple dosing of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 in healthy subjects". ... "Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor antagonistic property of the selective dopamine uptake inhibitor, GBR-12909 in rat hippocampal ... Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Nicotinic antagonists, 1-(2-(Bis(4-fluorophenyl)methoxy)ethyl)piperazines, VMAT inhibitors). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanoxerine

Wong, DT; Bymaster, FP (1978). "An inhibitor of dopamine uptake, LR5182, cis-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-n,n-dimethylaminomethyl- ... A serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SNDRI), also known as a triple reuptake inhibitor (TRI), is a type of ... an inhibitor of uptake into dopamine and norepinephrine neurons". Neuropharmacology. 18 (5): 497-501. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(79) ... 2. Potent dopamine and serotonin reuptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 43 (6): 1215-22. doi:10.1021/jm9905561. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin–norepinephrine–dopamine_reuptake_inhibitor

Izenwasser S, Werling LL, Cox BM (June 1990). "Comparison of the effects of cocaine and other inhibitors of dopamine uptake in ... Pu C, Fisher JE, Cappon GD, Vorhees CV (June 1994). "The effects of amfonelic acid, a dopamine uptake inhibitor, on ... In studies it proved to be a potent and highly selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) in rat brain preparations. A study ... AFA remains a widely used pharmacological tool for study of the brain's reward system, dopamine pathways, and the dopamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amfonelic_acid

Wong DT, Bymaster FP (September 1978). "An inhibitor of dopamine uptake, LR5182, cis-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-n,n- ... an inhibitor of uptake into dopamine and norepinephrine neurons". Neuropharmacology. 18 (5): 497-501. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(79) ... alkane dopamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 42 (5): 882-95. doi:10.1021/jm980566m. PMID 10072685. ... LR-5182 is a stimulant drug which acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, structurally related to the better ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LR-5182

Lane EL, Cheetham S, Jenner P (March 2005). "Dopamine uptake inhibitor-induced rotation in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats ... It inhibits the synaptic reuptake of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline, making it a triple reuptake inhibitor. It was ... to circling behaviour in 6-OHDA lesioned rats produced by acute or chronic administration of the monoamine uptake inhibitor BTS ... Hansard MJ, Smith LA, Jackson MJ, Cheetham SC, Jenner P (January 2004). "The monoamine reuptake inhibitor BTS 74 398 fails to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTS_74,398

"Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors but Not Dopamine Releasers Induce Greater Increases in Motor Behavior and Extracellular Dopamine in ... Norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI) Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (sNRI) Dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) ... Serotonin-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (SDRI) Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) Serotonin-norepinephrine- ... A monoamine reuptake inhibitor (MRI) is a drug that acts as a reuptake inhibitor of one or more of the three major monoamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_reuptake_inhibitor

Conventional dopamine re-uptake inhibitors (such as cocaine or methylphenidate) would otherwise ineffectively target such a ... This increases the inhibition of re-uptake at synaptic dopamine concentrations without interfering in the flow of release of ... inhibiting the re-uptake of dopamine, but does not modulate d-amphetamine-induced DA release by inhibiting that as well, like ' ... SoRI-20041 is believed to be the first example of a drug that separately modulates uptake versus release in the dopamine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SoRI-20041

... for dopamine releasers/substrates is entropy-driven (i.e. hydrophobic), whereas for dopamine re-uptake inhibitors it is ... "Thermodynamic analyses of the binding of substrates and uptake inhibitors on the neuronal carrier of dopamine labeled with [3H] ... and dopamine are known (serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents, or SNDRAs), however. Serotonin-dopamine releasing ... A closely related type of drug is a dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI). Various selective DRIs are known, in contrast to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_releasing_agent

July 2014). "UWA-121, a mixed dopamine and serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, enhances L-DOPA anti-parkinsonian action without ... it is one of the few selective SDRIs or serotonin-dopamine reuptake inhibitors). This change causes UWA-101 to lack ... Both are active monoamine reuptake inhibitors. Another relative is UWA-104 ("α-isopropyl-MDMA"), which is also active. MBDB ... while retaining high serotonin transporter affinity and markedly increasing affinity for the dopamine transporter (and as such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UWA-101

... the dopamine re-uptake inhibitor Both enantiomers of phenylpiracetam have been described in peer-reviewed research as dopamine ... The patent asserts discovery of phenylpiracetam's action as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor as its basis. The peculiarity of this ... Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Phenyl compounds, Racetams, Russian drugs, Russian inventions, Stimulants, World ... Their action at the noradrenaline transporter vary: the R enantiomer acts as a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor (thus, an NDRI ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenylpiracetam

... over norepinephrine and dopamine uptake) inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin that was never marketed. It also has moderate ... Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, Tricyclic antidepressants, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs). ... a Selective 5-Hydroxytryptamine Reuptake Inhibitor". Drug Development Research. 29 (3): 235-248. doi:10.1002/ddr.430290311. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanodothiepin

... indirect effects on dopamine. The effectiveness of dopamine re-uptake inhibitors in treating the symptoms of ADHD has led to ... Both methylphenidate and amphetamines block re-uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine into the pre-synaptic neuron, acting to ... Some of these genes are: DAT1 is the dopamine transporter gene which is responsible for the active reuptake of dopamine from ... DRD4 is the dopamine D4 receptor gene and is associated with ADHD and novelty seeking behaviors. It has been proposed that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impulsivity

... a different dopamine uptake inhibitor. These inhibitory properties are responsible for the stimulatory effects of dimethocaine ... Just like cocaine, dimethocaine inhibits the uptake of dopamine in the brain by interfering with the dopamine transporters. The ... and their potency to inhibit dopamine uptake. In studies with rhesus monkeys the affinity of dimethocaine for dopamine ... by blocking dopamine transporters (DAT). The dopamine transporter controls the dynamics of the neurotransmitter dopamine. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimethocaine

... reduced dopamine transporter uptake in the basal ganglia shown on PET or SPECT imaging; low uptake of 123iodine- ... For example, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) for cognitive symptoms can lead to complications in dysautonomia features ... PET or SPECT imaging can be used to detect reduced dopamine transporter uptake and distinguish AD from DLB. Severe atrophy of ... A DLB diagnosis may be warranted if other conditions with reduced dopamine transporter uptake can be ruled out. RBD is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dementia_with_Lewy_bodies

... monoamine oxidase inhibitors, serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI), and methyldopa.[non-primary source needed] ... Paragangliomas of the head and neck commonly secrete dopamine, but are referred to as "biochemically silent" because they do ... MIBG was well-suited for uptake by most neuroendocrine tumors. Furthermore, if a patient was found to be positive on an MIBG ... Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors, Clonidine Withdrawal Including but not limited to cocaine use Misuse of over-the-counter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pheochromocytoma

Serotonin selective re-uptake inhibitors as well as serotonin and norepinephrine re-uptake inhibitors are likely effective as ... They show activity at serotonin 5-HT1-2, dopamine D2-like and alpha1/alpha2-adrenoreceptors. Their lack of selectivity leads to ... This medication class targets the GCRP receptor pathway due to their likeness to serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimigraine_drug

SSRIs reduce the re-uptake of serotonin back to the neurons, leading to an increase in serotonin level in the body. Due to the ... Testosterone is also proposed to be coupled with the PDE5 inhibitor, targeting an insensitive system for the production of ... For instance, a positive stimulation is modulated by dopamine from the medial preoptic area in the hypothalamus and ... However, the drug slows down gastric emptying, which can cause an impact on oral drug uptake and the subsequent drug ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drugs_and_sexual_desire

Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Stimulants, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs) ... a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (4): 1420-1432. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4'-Fluoro-α-pyrrolidinopentiophenone

"Dopamine uptake through the norepinephrine transporter in brain regions with low levels of the dopamine transporter: evidence ... norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors (NDRIs), norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs or NERIs) and the tricyclic ... SNRIs block reuptake of dopamine too, accumulating the dopamine in the synapse. However, DAT, the primary way dopamine is ... Cocaine is a nonselective, reuptake inhibitor of the norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine transporters. This thwarts the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norepinephrine_transporter

... (NS2330) is a serotonin-noradrenaline-dopamine reuptake inhibitor from the phenyltropane family of drugs, which is ... of adult hippocampal neurogenesis in rats after sub-chronic and chronic treatment with the triple monoamine re-uptake inhibitor ... Serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Tropanes, Sympathomimetic amines, Chlorobenzenes). ... Hauser RA, Salin L, Juhel N, Konyago VL (February 2007). "Randomized trial of the triple monoamine reuptake inhibitor NS 2330 ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesofensine

miR-382 is the target for the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1), and its overexpression results in the upregulation of DRD1 and delta ... During miRNA maturation in the cytoplasm, uptake by the Argonaute protein is thought to stabilize the guide strand, while the ... MiR-712 targets tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 (TIMP3). TIMPs normally regulate activity of matrix metalloproteinases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroRNA

Aromatase inhibitors, AbbVie brands, Carboxylic acids, Endocrine disruptors, GABA analogues, GABA transaminase inhibitors, ... Pirritano D, Plastino M, Bosco D, Gallelli L, Siniscalchi A, De Sarro G (2014). "Gambling disorder during dopamine replacement ... succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase and by inhibiting the re-uptake of GABA by neuronal cells. Prevention of neurotransmitter- ... January 2009). "A phase I-II study of the histone deacetylase inhibitor valproic acid plus chemoimmunotherapy in patients with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valproate

Dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Stimulants, Organofluorides, Iodoarenes, Extrapyramidal and movement disorders, Parkinson's ... Thyroid blocking via oral administration of 120 mg potassium iodide is recommended to minimize unnecessary excessive uptake of ... By introducing an agent that binds to the dopamine transporters a quantitative measure and spatial distribution of the ... January 2012). "SNM practice guideline for dopamine transporter imaging with 123I-ioflupane SPECT 1.0". Journal of Nuclear ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioflupane_(123I)

Filloux F, Hunt MA, Wamsley JK (1989). "Localization of the dopamine uptake complex using [3H]N-[1-(2-benzo(b)thiophenyl) ... It acts as a potent and selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor (DRI) and a psychostimulant. Unlike related compounds like ... Maurice T, Vignon J, Kamenka JM, Chicheportiche R (1989). "In vivo labelling of the mouse dopamine uptake complex with the ... "Role of the aromatic group in the inhibition of phencyclidine binding and dopamine uptake by PCP analogs". Pharmacol Biochem ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benocyclidine

... is a stimulant of the cathinone class that acts as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI). It was first developed ... a promising class of monoamine uptake inhibitors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 49 (4): 1420-32. doi:10.1021/jm050797a. PMC ... Norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors, Pyrrolidinophenones, Euphoriants, Stimulants, Designer drugs). ... Its activity at the dopamine transporter is six times stronger than at the norepinephrine transporter and it is virtually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylenedioxypyrovalerone

Amphetamines also have cross-tolerance with pseudoephedrine, as pseudoephedrine can block dopamine uptake in the same manner ... MAO inhibitor drugs block an enzyme system resulting in increased stores of monoamine neurotransmitters. More common ... These drugs block dopamine receptors and some also block serotonin receptors (such as chlorpromazine, the first antipsychotic ... Cocaine, amphetamines, methylphenidate and ephedrine block the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. With increasing doses, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-tolerance

... dopamine, dobutamine, norepinephrine, and levosimendan. It should not be used in people taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, ... It also inhibits of neuronal re-uptake of norepinephrine (Uptake-1). These activities increase cardiac output and increase ... It works by stimulating beta-2 adrenergic receptors and peripheral dopamine receptor D1 and dopamine receptor D2. It also ... Dopexamine stimulates beta-2 adrenergic receptors and peripheral dopamine receptor D1 and dopamine receptor D2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopexamine

... and dopamine transporters are weak. Lamotrigine is a weak inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase, but whether this effect is ... "Lamotrigine inhibits monoamine uptake in vitro and modulates 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake in rats". European Journal of ... It is known that lamotrigine is a weak inhibitor of human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and other, more powerful, human DHFR ... dopamine D1 and D2, muscarinic, GABA, histaminergic H1, serotonin 5-HT2, and N-methyl-D-aspartate). Inhibitory effects on 5-HT ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamotrigine

... has been shown to block the uptake of the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP) via the OCT3 transporter in ... Russ H, Sonna J, Keppler K, Baunach S, Schömig E (1993). "Cyanine-related compounds: a novel class of potent inhibitors of ... However, it has little effect on high affinity monoamine transporters such as the dopamine transporter and norepinephrine ... Decynium-22 is a cationic derivative of quinoline, and a potent inhibitor of the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decynium-22

A single dose of diazepam modulates the dopamine system in similar ways to how morphine and alcohol modulate the dopaminergic ... Miller JA, Richter JA (January 1985). "Effects of anticonvulsants in vivo on high affinity choline uptake in vitro in mouse ... Other drugs that may have interactions with diazepam include antipsychotics (e.g. chlorpromazine), MAO inhibitors, and ... This has been found by measuring sodium-dependent high-affinity choline uptake in mouse brain cells in vitro, after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diazepam

As examples, BTCP is a selective dopamine reuptake inhibitor, PCP is primarily an NMDA antagonist, and BDPC is a potent μ- ... piperidine homologues at dopamine-uptake and phencyclidine- and sigma-binding sites". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 36 (9): ... "Role of the aromatic group in the inhibition of phencyclidine binding and dopamine uptake by PCP analogs". Pharmacology, ... a new phencyclidine analog selective for the dopamine uptake complex". European Journal of Pharmacology. 148 (3): 427-36. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arylcyclohexylamine

"Guineensine is a novel inhibitor of endocannabinoid uptake showing cannabimimetic behavioral effects in BALB/c mice". ... This binding relationship of anandamide and the CB1/CB2 seems to play a role in neurotransmission of dopamine, serotonin, GABA ... As such, inhibitors of FAAH lead to elevated anandamide levels and are being pursued for therapeutic use. Anandamide was first ... Black pepper contains the alkaloid guineesine, which is an anandamide reuptake inhibitor. It may therefore increase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandamide

The drop in dopamine produced by vinpocetine may contribute to its protective action from oxidative damage, particularly in ... These include: Caspase inhibitors: These are primarily used and studied for their anti apoptotic effects. Trophic factors: The ... Caffeine induces neuronal glutathione synthesis by promoting cysteine uptake, leading to neuroprotection. When applied to ... dopamine-rich structures. Vinpocetine as a unique anti-inflammatory agent may be beneficial for the treatment of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuroprotection

... decrease dopamine as well as decreased levels of expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (which is required to make dopamine), ... COX2 selective inhibitors like celecoxib, which reduce kynurenic acid, were found to reduce clinical severity of schizophrenia ... TNF-alpha and IL-1, through oxidative stress via increased release of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, impair re-uptake ... Stress leads to processing by the sympathetic nervous system which releases catecholamines (dopamine and norepinephrine) that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuno-psychiatry

August 2004). "'Dopamine-dependent' side effects of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: a clinical review". J Clin ... A comparison of benzodiazepines and selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors". Addiction. 105 (5): 900-8. doi:10.1111/j.1360- ... serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs ... Expert Group on the Safety of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) (December 2004). Weller, Ian V.D. (ed.). "Report ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant_discontinuation_syndrome

... enantiomer is a weak releaser of dopamine (EC50 = 1,457 nM) whereas its (−)-enantiomer is a weak reuptake inhibitor of dopamine ... enantiomer blocking the uptake of the (−)-enantiomer into dopaminergic neurons and thus preventing it from inducing dopamine ... pseudophenmetrazine behaves overall more as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor (Ki = 2,630 nM), possibly due to the (+)- ... Norepinephrine-dopamine releasing agents, Phenylmorpholines, Substituted amphetamines, Stimulants). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudophenmetrazine

... is unique compared to most other TCAs in that it is a very weak and negligible inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin ... Fuller RW, Hemrick-Luecke S (July 1980). "Long-lasting depletion of striatal dopamine by a single injection of amphetamine in ... Horn AS, Trace RC (July 1974). "Structure-activity relations for the inhibition of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake by tricyclic ... It is presumed to act as an inhibitor or antagonist/inverse agonist of all sites. Considering the range of its therapeutic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iprindole

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs), a very successful class of drugs, are known to increase the amount of ... This study showed that p11 interacted with 5-HT1B receptors but not with 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT5A, 5-HT6, dopamine D1 or D2 ... P11 facilitates nociception, Ca2+ uptake, and cell polarization. Complexed with the annexin II, p11 binds receptor and channel ... Treatment with antidepressants (a tricyclic and monoamine oxidase inhibitor) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) caused an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S100A10

Thus supplementing with CYP 2C9 inhibitors leads to extended intoxication. Some is also stored in fat in addition to being ... Bisogno T, Melck D, Gretskaya NM, Bezuglov VV, De Petrocellis L, Di Marzo V (November 2000). "N-acyl-dopamines: novel synthetic ... CBD can interfere with the uptake of adenosine, which plays an important role in biochemical processes, such as energy transfer ... Although in this intercellular signaling role they are similar to the well-known monoamine neurotransmitters such as dopamine, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid

The liver has the central role in the synthesis of almost all coagulation factors and some inhibitors of coagulation and ... Although delivery of oxygen to the tissues is adequate, there is a decrease in tissue oxygen uptake, resulting in tissue ... or dopamine should be used if fluid replacement fails to maintain mean arterial pressure of 50-60 mm Hg. Vasoconstrictive ... The use of gastrointestinal hemorrhage prophylaxis with a histamine-2 (H2) blocker, proton pump inhibitor, or sucralfate is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_liver_failure

Dopamine Antagonists / pharmacology* * Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / pharmacology* * Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists / ... Dopamine, but not glutamate, receptor blockade in the basolateral amygdala attenuates conditioned reward in a rat model of ... selective antagonists of glutamate or dopamine (DA) receptors were bilaterally infused at single doses into the BLA prior to ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11351937/?dopt=Abstract

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors. Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors. Membrane Transport Modulators. Molecular Mechanisms of ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04923594

Place conditioning with cocaine and the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR12783.. *G. Le Pen, D. Duterte-Boucher, J. Costentin ... The rewarding and locomotor effects of the specific dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR12783 were compared with those of cocaine and ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/The-orphanin-receptor-agonist-RO-64-6198-does-not-Pen-Wichmann/25b30abe1f708d9ad112d9886b26a15e239b6ed4

PDE7 inhibitor; Trace Amine-Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) Agonists; Dopamine uptake inhibitors; Serotonin uptake inhibitors. ... Diverse types of targeted therapies are being explored through clinical trials including Adrenergic uptake inhibitors; Aldehyde ... dehydrogenase 2 (ALDH2) inhibitors; Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist; Orexin-1 Antagonist; ...

https://www.reportlinker.com/p05863915/Binge-Eating-Disorder-Drug-Pipeline-Report-Current-Status-Phase-Mechanism-Route-of-Administration-and-Companies-of-Pre-Clinical-And-Clinical-Drugs.html

Dopamine uptake inhibitor €85.00 Sort by. Position Name Axon ID 1 Item(s) ...

https://www.axonmedchem.com/products/research-areas/cell-signalling-oncology?dir=asc&endogenous_substrate=73&order=name

2009) Combinations of cocaine with other dopamine uptake inhibitors: assessment of additivity. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 330:802-809 ... 2009) The dopamine uptake inhibitor 3 alpha-[bis(4′-fluorophenyl)metoxy]-tropane reduces cocaine-induced early-gene expression ... 2010) The high affinity dopamine uptake inhibitor, JHW 007, blocks cocaine-induced reward, locomotor stimulation and ... which are potent DA uptake inhibitors that produce a slow and prolonged elevation in NAc DA levels (Raje et al., 2005; Tanda et ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/31/27/9885

... dependent 5-HT and dopamine release induced by (+)-amphetamine, 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine, p-chloroamphetamine and (+)- ... dopamine releasers and dopamine uptake inhibitors was the same ((+)-Amph > > pCA = MDMA > > (+)-Fen). We also confirmed that ... Lack of extracellular Ca2+ did not alter uptake mechanisms nor did it modify the carrier-dependent dopamine-induced [3H]- ... dopamine release. (+)-Amph-induced [3H]-dopamine release and pCA- and MDMA-induced [3H]-5-HT release were significantly ...

https://erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=56&S=Chloroamphetamine

A methylphenidate derivative, DOPAMINE UPTAKE INHIBITOR and CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANT that is used in the treatment of ...

https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/19262-68-1

Sibutramine, a serotonin uptake inhibitor, increases dopamine concentrations in rat striatal and hypothalamic extracellular ... considerably more active than sibutramine HCl as inhibitors of the uptake of noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in ... In vitro, sibutramine blocked [(3)H]-dopamine uptake into striatal synaptosomes, with an IC(50) value of 3.8 microM [24]. ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/chem/e/5210.html

Back then, there wasnt therapy and dopamine re-uptake inhibitors, and so men erased the horrific images from their minds by ...

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/tv-soundoff-sunday-talkin_n_798750

... a unique dopamine uptake inhibitor and potential medication for psychostimulant abuse. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. ... Dopamine D1 and D2 receptor family contributions to modafinil-induced wakefulness. J Neurosci. 2009;29(9):2663-2665. doi: ... Improved Cognition, Focus, & Productivity: Just like Modafinil, Armodafinil increases dopamine in the brain which helps improve ...

https://www.modafinil.com/waklert-review/

I1.880.853.150.423.500.300 Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors D27.505.519.562.437.220 Dopaminergic Neurons A8.663.278 A8.675.278 ... A8.675.100 Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors D27.505.519.562.437.50 Adsorption G2.149.47 G1.595.37 Adult Children I1.880.225.281 ... A8.675.703.550 Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors D27.505.519.562.437 Nissl Bodies A8.663.712 A8.675.712 Nitrergic Neurons ... A8.675.895 Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors D27.505.519.562.437.850 Siblings I1.880.225.500.505 I1.880.853.150.500.505 Sigmoidoscopy ...

https://decs.bvs.br/P/mnchg2015.txt

... inhibitory effects on novelty-induced locomotion by intra-mPFC application of the dopamine uptake inhibitor, GBR 12909, have ... a clear U-shaped dose-response curve for novelty-induced locomotion after mPFC administration of the dopamine uptake inhibitor ... The relationship between mPFC dopamine and locomotion is believed to occur directly by dopamines inhibitory action on ... 1998) Dopamine decreases the excitability of layer V pyramidal cells in the rat prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 18:9139-9151. ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/297/2/501?ijkey=48d62fe5ccd0453caa95537e2976cfe98f6043be&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

This is the whole idea behind using Wellbutrin (aka, Zyban) (a dopamine re-uptake inhibitor) to quit smoking (see next line).. ... but also decreases the re-uptake of dopamine, another "feel good" neurotransmitter. In fact, dopamine is the neurotransmitter ... As described above, this decreases the re-uptake of dopamine.. Atarax (or Vistaril) (Hydroxyzine). FDA Class C. Theres a small ... The "selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors" (SSRIs). These drugs keep the levels of serotonin higher in the brain. Serotonin ...

https://gynob.com/depression.html

2,5-Disubstituted tetrahydrofurans as selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Voelker, T., Xia, H., Fandrick, K., Johnson, R. ... Effects of methamphetamine and lobeline on vesicular monoamine and dopamine transporter-mediated dopamine release in a ... Pharmacological profile of the "triple" monoamine neurotransmitter uptake inhibitor, DOV 102,677. Popik, P., Krawczyk, M., ... Stereoselective inhibition of serotonin re-uptake and phosphodiesterase by dual inhibitors as potential agents for depression. ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/aaron-janowsky/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

Inhibitors, Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors, Dopamine Uptake Reuptake Inhibitors, Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors, Dopamine ... Inhibitors, Dopamine Reuptake. Inhibitors, Dopamine Uptake. Reuptake Inhibitors, Dopamine. Uptake Inhibitors, Dopamine. ... Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Entry term(s). Dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors ... Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors - Preferred Concept UI. M0028098. Scope note. Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=32273

Dopamine reuptake inhibitor Active Synonym false false 3754400012 Dopamine uptake inhibitor Active Synonym false false ... Substance with dopamine reuptake inhibitor mechanism of action Active Synonym false false ... Substance with dopamine reuptake inhibitor mechanism of action (substance). Code System Preferred Concept Name. Substance with ...

https://phinvads.cdc.gov/vads/ViewCodeSystemConcept.action?oid=2.16.840.1.113883.6.96&code=763198001

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Endophenotypes Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Female Haploinsufficiency Ketamine Locomotion MAP ... Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists Ketamine MAP Kinase Kinase 7 Map2k7 protein, mouse ...

https://accounts.public.ce.basespace.illumina.com/b/search/article.nb?id=31219577

Dopamine Agents. MeSH PA. D018765. Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors. MeSH PA. D049990. Membrane Transport Modulators. ... It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. *Molecular weight: ... Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors. Drug Use , Suggest Off label Use Form, ,View source of the data, Disease. Relation. SNOMED_ ...

https://drugcentral.org/drugcard/1640?q=P23975

... an old tool to identify new atypical dopamine uptake inhibitors. Zanettini, C., Scaglione, A., Keighron, J. D., Giancola, J. L ... Rapid Alterations in Corticostriatal Ensemble Coordination during Acute Dopamine-Dependent Motor Dysfunction. Costa, R. M., Lin ...

https://scholar.nycu.edu.tw/en/persons/shih-chieh-lin/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

Quinolyl analogues of norlobelane: Novel potent inhibitors of [3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding and [3H]dopamine uptake at the ... Fluoroethoxy-1,4-diphenethylpiperidine and piperazine derivatives: Potent and selective inhibitors of [3H]dopamine uptake at ... dopamine uptake at the vesicular monoamine transporter-2. Joolakanti, S. R., Nickell, J. R., Janganati, V., Zheng, G., Dwoskin ... Dissociable roles of dopamine and serotonin transporter function in a rat model of negative urgency. Yates, J. R., Darna, M., ...

https://scholars.uky.edu/en/persons/linda-dwoskin/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

3H]GBR 12935 binding to human platelet membranes is sensitive to piperazine derivatives but not to dopamine uptake inhibitors. ... Actin-cytoskeleton rearrangement modulates proton-induced uptake. Ben-Dov, N. & Korenstein, R., 15 Apr 2013, In: Experimental ...

https://cris.tau.ac.il/en/organisations/phisiology-pharmacology/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle&ordering=type&descending=false

Selective noradrenaline/dopamine re-uptake inhibitors. *Melatonin receptor agonists and serotonin 5-HT2C receptor antagonists ... Selective serotonin noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors Tricyclic antidepressants have been on the market the longest. They are ... there is a generation of healthy bacteria which further helps in generation of happy hormones like serotonin and dopamine. No ...

https://www.clubmentalhealthtalk.com/whats-good-for-depression/

... neuronal uptake of serotonin and may also have a weak effect on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. SSRIs are used ... Antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Class Summary. SSRIs are antidepressant agents that inhibit ... Paroxetine is a potent selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin reuptake, but it has a weak effect on norepinephrine and ... dopamine neuronal reuptake. This agent is a low-affinity antagonist at some subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/914360-190333/what-is-the-role-of-medications-in-the-treatment-of-sleep-night-terrors

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors Medicine & Life Sciences 5% * Narcolepsy Medicine & Life Sciences 4% ... N2 - Introduction: Solriamfetol (Sunosi™), a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is approved (USA and EU) to treat ... AB - Introduction: Solriamfetol (Sunosi™), a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is approved (USA and EU) to treat ... Introduction: Solriamfetol (Sunosi™), a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is approved (USA and EU) to treat excessive ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/solriamfetol-titration-and-administration-start-in-patients-with-

AnimalDopamine Uptake InhibitorsDyskinesiasEmbryo, MammalianFemaleLevodopaMesencephalonOxidopamineParkinson DiseasePregnancy ... These data point to a major role for dopamine receptors, and to a modulatory role for 5-HT(1A) receptors, in post-grafting ... These data point to a major role for dopamine receptors, and to a modulatory role for 5-HT(1A) receptors, in post-grafting ... Dopamine released from 5-HT terminals is the cause of L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia in parkinsonian rats. ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/19361557/Amphetamine_induced_abnormal_movements_occur_independently_of_both_transplant__and_host_derived_serotonin_innervation_following_neural_grafting_in_a_rat_model_of_Parkinson

Dopamine Agonists [MoA] * Dopamine D2 Antagonists [MoA] * Dopaminergic Agonist [EPC] * Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors [MoA] ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/browse-drug-classes.cfm?page=d-g

Effects of the triple monoamine uptake inhibitor amitifadine on pain-related depression of behavior and mesolimbic dopamine ... Effects of the selective protein kinase C inhibitor, Ro 31-7549, on the proliferation of cultured mouse epidermal keratinocytes ... Effects of the putative dopamine autoreceptor antagonists (+)-AJ 76 and (+)-UH 232 on the discriminative stimulus properties of ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/?page=259&ordering=type&descending=false&showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&originalSearch=&improvedLayoutOrganisationUuid=&format=

Inhibition Antagonists Receptor Receptors Tricyclic Cocaine Reuptake inhibitor Norepinephrine and dopamine Antidepressants SSRIs Potent Selective serotonin Synaptosomes Extracellular Monoamine Mechanism Transporters Neuronal serotonin Raclopride Drugs Increases Potency Release Effects Transporter Receptors Antagonists Bupropion Neurons Neurotransmitters Adrenergic Uptake Inh Pharmacology Antidepressants Antidepressant Antagonist Metabolism Agonists Potent inhibitor Nucleus Accumbens Behavior Selective 5-HT uptake SSRI Affinity Norepinephrine reuptake Increasing dopamine activity GABA Alpha-synuclein Concentrations Effects on dopamine Tryptophan Serotonin and noradrenaline Role of dopamine Amount of dopamine Levels of dopamine Striatal synaptosomes Reuptake of norepinephrine Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors Preparations Medications Therapeutic Fluoxetine Synaptosomal uptake Neuronal reuptake Acetylcholine Amphetamine Pathway Rats

Human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells expressing the human isoforms of SERT and DAT were used for the uptake inhibition and release assays. (iqs.edu)
This increases the inhibition of re-uptake at synaptic dopamine concentrations without interfering in the flow of release of dopamine from amphetaminergic phosphorylation at the affected transporter. (cloudfront.net)
Wellbutrin SR is selective inhibitors of reverse neuronal uptake of catecholamines (noradrenaline and dopamine) with minimal effect on indolamine inhibition (serotonin) and lack of MAO. (healthcaremall4you.com)
Inhibition of norepinephrine uptake. (conoserver.org)
The mechanism of action of SSRIs is linked to their inhibition of neuronal uptake of serotonin (5-HT) in the central nervous system (CNS). (medscape.com)

After 1 week of daily 3-h extinction sessions in which no programmed consequences occurred, selective antagonists of glutamate or dopamine (DA) receptors were bilaterally infused at single doses into the BLA prior to testing for a cocaine-conditioned reward (tone + light). (nih.gov)
His research interests are manifold and he contributed to the identification of the endothelin antagonist Macitentan (marketed as Opsumit ), to several renin inhibitors entering clinical trials as well as to three orexin receptor antagonists of which the most advanced is in phase II clinical development at the moment. (efmc-ymcs.org)
The acute movement disorders that occur as manifestations of effects of neuroleptics and other dopamine antagonists include akathisia, acute dystonia, and other hyperkinetic dyskinesias. (medscape.com)
Acute effects of dopamine antagonists also include parkinsonian syndromes manifested by bradykinesia, rigidity, and pill rolling tremor. (medscape.com)
The acute movement disorders resulting from exposure to dopamine antagonists are commonly termed extrapyramidal syndromes (EPSs). (medscape.com)
The occurrence of acute movement disorders on exposure to dopamine antagonists is increased in female patients and older patients. (medscape.com)
Use of potent dopamine antagonists, prolonged exposure to dopamine antagonists, and prior occurrence of acute movement disorders on exposure to dopamine antagonists are also associated with an increased risk for the occurrence of acute movement adverse effects. (medscape.com)
Withdrawal dyskinesias may also occur as treatment with dopamine antagonists is decreased or withdrawn. (medscape.com)
In addition to the prototypic orofacial dyskinesia, tardive syndromes also include a spectrum of hyperkinesias occurring during or after prolonged treatment with dopamine antagonists. (medscape.com)

The inhibitory effect of methiothepin was not due to its effects as a transporter inhibitor or Ca(2+)-channel blocker and is unlikely to be due to its antagonist properties on 5-HT1/2, dopamine or any other extracellular receptor. (erowid.org)
In the first set of experiments, all types of AIMs (axial, limb, orolingual and locomotor) were markedly reduced when amphetamine was co-administered with either the D(2) dopamine receptor antagonist raclopride or the D(1) receptor antagonist SCH23390. (unboundmedicine.com)
Effect of antidepressant drugs on dopamine D1 and D2 receptor expression and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of the rat. (ox.ac.uk)
This study examined the effect of repeated treatment with the antidepressant drugs, fluoxetine, desipramine and tranylcypromine, on dopamine receptor expression (mRNA and binding site density) in sub-regions of the nucleus accumbens and striatum of the rat. (ox.ac.uk)
A number of studies have investigated the relationship between the time course of central nervous system dopamine and serotonin receptor blockade and plasma drug concentrations after the discontinuation of QTP treatment, and shown that the disappearance of QTP from plasma is much more rapid than the decrease in serotonin receptor occupancy [136,143, 145] . (researchgate.net)
Corticotroph pituitary adenomas often highly express the dopamine 2 receptor (D 2 R) and somatostatin receptor subtype 5 (sst 5 ). (webpediatrica.com)

This agent is a low-affinity antagonist at some subtypes of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and is a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. (medscape.com)
These data point to a major role for dopamine receptors, and to a modulatory role for 5-HT(1A) receptors, in post-grafting dyskinesias. (unboundmedicine.com)
Our results suggest that amphetamine-induced AIMs in grafted animals primarily depend on an activation of dopamine receptors, and that serotonin neurons within either the grafts or the host brain play a negligible role. (unboundmedicine.com)
From our findings, we propose that the antidepressant drugs tested enhance dopamine function in the nucleus accumbens through either increased expression of post-synaptic D2 receptors (fluoxetine and desipramine) or increased dopamine release (tranylcypromine). (ox.ac.uk)

Comment: Tricyclic antidepressants increase or decrease effects of sympathomimetics, by blocking reuptake of NE, or blocking uptake of indirect sympathomimetics into the adrenergic neuron. (medscape.com)

Also, lesions of dopamine terminals alone by 6-hydroxydopamine block the development of cocaine sensitization ( Beyer and Steketee, 1999 ). (aspetjournals.org)
These findings suggested that dopamine and/or other monoamines are inhibitory on mPFC output neurons that regulate locomotor activity and that the blunted dopamine response to cocaine challenge observed in cocaine-sensitized rats may contribute to the expression of sensitized locomotor activity. (aspetjournals.org)
It inhibits uptake of catecholamines and blocks the binding of cocaine to the dopamine uptake transporter. (drugcentral.org)
Conventional dopamine re-uptake inhibitors (such as cocaine or methylphenidate ) would otherwise ineffectively target such a site on each specific transporter so affected by amphetamine, making this an example of a DRI that does not have a mutually exclusive functionality against DRA action at individual instances of DAT. (cloudfront.net)
Buy Dimethocaine Online and structurally related local anesthetics like cocaine and procaine suggested to inhibit the uptake of dopamine (DA) by blocking dopamine transporters (DAT). (worldpharmacystore.online)
Drug like cocaine and dimethocaine induce dopamine overflow by inhibiting dopamine transporters and thus creating a euphoric effect. (worldpharmacystore.online)

Introduction: Solriamfetol (Sunosi™), a dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, is approved (USA and EU) to treat excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in adults with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (37.5-150 mg/day). (elsevier.com)
Therefore, we evaluated a new selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, NS2456, to determine whether it is suited for use in PET. (elsevier.com)
Venlafaxine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI), which functions to block the reuptake of both serotonin and norepinephrine, and at high doses, also may affect reuptake of dopamine ( Sussman, 2003 ). (cdc.gov)

SSRIs are antidepressant agents that inhibit the central nervous system (CNS) neuronal uptake of serotonin and may also have a weak effect on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. (medscape.com)
Paroxetine is a potent selective inhibitor of neuronal serotonin reuptake, but it has a weak effect on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. (medscape.com)
For instance, MDMA is a potent serotonin releaser, but it may not be the best choice for use in research studies of serotonin suppletion, as it also releases norepinephrine and dopamine (Battaglia et al. (maps.org)
Various animal studies suggest that SSRIs have weak effects on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. (medscape.com)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and antidepressants with SSRI-like effects have been the most successful. (medscape.com)
The mechanism of action for SNRIs is similar to another common class of antidepressants, selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), which act to block the reuptake of serotonin alone ( Sussman, 2003 ). (cdc.gov)

These medications are called selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, abbreviated to SSRIs. (createhealth.news)
Similarly, Oberlander and colleagues used administrative health data to look at serotonin reuptake inhibitors including venlafaxine, individually and as a group, and found no increased risk for birth defects overall or specifically for cardiac defects when compared to women unexposed to SSRIs, SNRIs, and benzodiazepines ( Oberlander and others, 2008 ). (cdc.gov)

Our results demonstrated that all tested synthetic cathinones are potent dopamine (DA) uptake inhibitors, especially the N-ethyl analogs, while the ring-substituted cathinones tested showed higher potency as SERT inhibitors than their no ring-substituted analogs. (iqs.edu)
Both in vivo and in vitro measurements of dopamine transporter activity show that dimethocaine is a potent and efficacious dopaminergic antagonist. (worldpharmacystore.online)
The enantiomers of NS2463 were also potent inhibitors of serotonin uptake in vitro, but they failed to show stereoselectivity. (elsevier.com)

At the 10 to 25 mg doses they propose using, it seems likely that MDMA would not release sufficient serotonin, norepinephrine or dopamine to promote an immediate increase in mood, and is liable to be acting as a conventional selective serotonin uptake inhibitor. (maps.org)

The mechanism underlying 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and/or dopamine release induced by (+)-amphetamine ((+)-Amph), 3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), p-chloroamphetamine (pCA) and (+)-fenfluramine ((+)-Fen) was investigated in rat brain superfused synaptosomes preloaded with the 3H neurotransmitters. (erowid.org)
The Ca(2+)-dependent release is mediated by Ca(2+)-influx (mainly through P-type Ca(2+)-channels), possibly triggered by the drug interacting with an unknown intracellular target, affected by methiothepin, common to both 5-HT and dopamine synaptosomes. (erowid.org)

Lack of extracellular Ca2+ did not alter uptake mechanisms nor did it modify the carrier-dependent dopamine-induced [3H]-dopamine release. (erowid.org)
The effect of these treatments on extracellular levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens was also measured. (ox.ac.uk)
In micro-dialysis experiments, our data showed that levels of extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens were not altered in rats treated with either fluoxetine or desipramine, but increased by tranylcypromine. (ox.ac.uk)

Pyrovalerone is an inhibitor of the transporters for certain monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine and norepinephrine preventing their uptake. (worldchemi.uk)
Patients taking any monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) or within two weeks of taking an MAOI. (ebmconsult.com)

Clomipramine inhibits the membrane pump mechanism responsible for uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin in adrenergic and serotonergic neurons. (medscape.com)
desflurane increases toxicity of dopamine by Mechanism: unknown. (medscape.com)

No effect on dopamine or serotonin uptake through DAT and SERT transporters respectively. (conoserver.org)

Thus, neither racemic [ 11 C]NS2456 nor its [ 11 C]-labelled enantiomers are ideal for PET neuroimaging of neuronal serotonin uptake sites. (elsevier.com)

Dopamine D(2) and 5HT(2A) occupancies were determined using [(11)C] raclopride and [(11)C] N-methylspiperone as ligands, respectively, and PET imaging. (researchgate.net)

Drugs that block the transport of DOPAMINE into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. (bvsalud.org)
The main problem is that quitting drugs or alcohol leads to dopamine deficiency, and this deficiency makes it much harder to use self-discipline. (elevationrecovery.com)
2006). While it is possible and perhaps even likely that the common practice of using other drugs plays a role in impairing memory in heavy ecstasy users, most studies find that the impairment lasts longer than changes in brain serotonin uptake sites. (maps.org)

isocarboxazid increases effects of dopamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)
linezolid increases effects of dopamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)
dopamine increases toxicity of lurasidone by Other (see comment). (medscape.com)
selegiline transdermal increases effects of dopamine by pharmacodynamic synergism. (medscape.com)

4. Methiothepin inhibited the Ca(2+)-dependent component of (+)-Amph-induced [3H]-dopamine release with high potency (70 nM), as previously found with (+)-Fen-induced [3H]-5-HT release. (erowid.org)

We also confirmed that the release induced by these compounds was prevented by selective transporter inhibitors (indalpine or nomifensine). (erowid.org)
3. [3H]-5HT and/or [3H]-dopamine release induced by all these compounds was partially (31-80%), but significantly Ca(2+)-dependent. (erowid.org)
It will act very closely to most amphetamines, encouraging dopamine production and release, inhibiting norepinephrine or serotonin re-uptake in the nervous system and user's brain. (masterchems.com)

Though correct in noting the lack of strong support for the existence of long-term effects of ecstasy use in moderate users, they do not seem to realize that long-term effects in heavy ecstasy users include both changes in estimated serotonin uptake sites and impaired cognitive function. (maps.org)
aripiprazole decreases effects of dopamine by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)

IRP and international researchers led by Amy Hauck Newman, Ph.D. , discovered that R-modafinil, like cocaine, inhibits dopamine uptake, but binds to the dopamine transporter in a unique fashion that may not result in the same addictive response as cocaine. (nih.gov)
Our current research is focused on understanding neurochemical, behavioral and molecular differences among typical and atypical blockers of the membrane dopamine transporter that can lead to pharmcaotherapeutics for the treatment of cocaine and other psychostimulant use disorders. (nih.gov)
Low and high affinity dopamine transporter inhibitors block dopamine uptake within 5 sec of intravenous injection. (wakehealth.edu)
Thus, we directed our efforts toward designing novel ligands with high affinity and selectivity for the dopamine transporter. (nih.gov)
Through these studies, we discovered a novel series of ligands that binds with high affinity to the dopamine transporter and inhibits dopamine uptake. (nih.gov)
However, in comparison with cocaine, this series of compounds is selective for the dopamine transporter and is distinct in chemical structure, structure-activity relationships, and behavioral profile. (nih.gov)
Based on these findings, we hypothesized that these benztropine-based ligands interact at a binding domain on the dopamine transporter that is different from that of cocaine and may thus lead to behaviors unlike those associated with cocaineuse. (nih.gov)
We recently synthesized a novel photoaffinity label that we used in immunologic and proteolytic mapping to demonstrate that, in fact, this ligand labels a binding domain in the 1-2 transmembrane region of the dopamine transporter, rather than the 4-7 transmembrane region labeled by a cocaine-based photoaffinity ligand. (nih.gov)
We are also studying other structurally diverse classes of compounds to further characterize the dopamine transporter and other systems that may be related to cocaine abuse, such as the dopamine D3 receptor subtype. (nih.gov)
Sex differences in dopamine- and vesicular monoamine-transporter functions. (omeka.net)
In this report, data from a series of experiments that focus upon dopamine transporter (DAT) and vesicular monoamine transporter2 (VMAT2) function are reviewed by way of providing some understanding for these sex differences to MA. (omeka.net)
In August 2007, two research groups independently reported that the tricyclic molecule docks to the transporter protein in a cavity adjacent to where the neurotransmitter substrate binds, locking the substrate in place and thereby obstructing re-uptake transport. (bionity.com)
In regards to psychostimulant results directly in the dopamine transporter (DAT) methylphenidate and amphetamine however not cocaine inhibited uptake more in SI than GH rats. (bio-zentrum.com)
voltammetric methods were used to assess dopamine release and dopamine transporter (DAT) function in the NAc and DMS of SI and GH rats. (bio-zentrum.com)
Unlike D-fenfluramine, the D/L-fenfluramine-induced increase in PKC activity was partially resistant to PCPA pretreatment but was attenuated with bupropion, a dopamine transporter (DAT) inhibitor. (unboundmedicine.com)
1988) demonstrated saturable uptake of 5HT by peritoneal macrophages and found that 5HT transport in a mixed population of splenocytes is blocked by fluoxetine, an inhibitor of the 5HT transporter (SERT). (dadospdf.com)
Tetrabenazine (58-46-8) is a potent inhibitor of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT), IC50=3.2 nM1,2 with selectivity for VMAT2 over VMAT13. (focusbiomolecules.com)
The subjective effects and euphoria of cocaine use are attributed to blockade of the dopamine transporter, reuptake inhibition, and increased levels of extracellular dopamine in the mesolimbic and mesocortical pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
Human peptide transporter 1 (PEPT1) is an uptake transporter with a major role in the absorption of dietary di- and tripeptides from the small intestinal lumen. (solvobiotech.com)
Antidepressants that block the serotonin transporter, (Slc6a4/SERT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) improve mood in adults but have paradoxical long-term effects when administered during perinatal periods, increasing the risk to develop anxiety and depression. (nature.com)
The norepinephrine transporter inhibitor reboxetine reduces stimulant effects of MDMA ("ecstasy") in humans. (nih.gov)

It is concluded that neuroleptics possess actions on both pre- and postsynaptic sites in the striatum, but that the postsynaptic blocking action on dopamine receptors is likely to be most crucial for the clinical activity of these drugs. (aspetjournals.org)
Cocaine;Dopamine Antagonists;Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors;Dose-Response Relationship, Drug;Electric Stimulation;Membrane Potentials;Motor Activity;Neurons;Prefrontal Cortex;Rats, Sprague-Dawley;Receptors, Dopamine;Substance Withdrawal. (musc.edu)
Nucleus Accumbens;Cocaine;Receptors, AMPA;Cocaine-Related Disorders;Dopamine;Glutamic Acid;alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid;Drug-Seeking Behavior;Craving;Microinjections;Dopamine Antagonists;Receptors, Glutamate;Excitatory. (musc.edu)
Stimulation of adenosine receptors in the nucleus accumbens reverses the expression of cocaine sensitization and cross-sensitization to dopamine D2 receptors in rats. (ucdenver.edu)
2003). Both of these converging observations, that glutamatergic insight is normally elevated and essential for drug-seeking and praise learning, which PKA signaling invoked via activation of D1 dopamine receptors can be critical for praise associated learning, claim that any extensive description for the biochemical systems of cravings would need obligatory integration of both NMDA/AMPA receptor-dependent Ca2+ and dopamine receptor-dependent cAMP signaling cascades. (saracatinib.info)
Tyramine does not directly activate adrenergic receptors, but it can serve as a substrate for adrenergic uptake systems and monoamine oxidase so it prolongs the actions of adrenergic transmitters. (lookformedical.com)
Venlafaxine Effexor/XL 75 - 300Reboxetine Edronax 4 - 8Mirtazapine Zispin/Remeron 15 - 45Bupropion Wellbutrin/Zyban 150-400Each affects a different neurotransmitter system: Wellbutrin affects dopamine, Molipaxin affects serotonin, and Efexor affects norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine, while Zispin stimulates norepinephrine and serotonin release, as it blocks certain receptors.3. (ibsgroup.org)
the result of this inhibition is an enhanced and prolonged concentration and resulting post-synaptic effect of dopaminergic and noradrenaline signaling at dopamine and norepinephrine receptors on the receiving neuron. (chemsterdam.nl)
In accordance with this selective action, in vitro studies have indicated that, in contrast to tricyclic antidepressants, paroxetine has little affinity for alpha 1 , alpha 2 and beta-adrenoceptors, dopamine (D2), 5-HT 1 like, 5-HT 2 and histamine (H1) receptors. (mims.com)
It seems to do this by activating the D2 and D3 Dopamine receptors in the brain. (nootropicsexpert.com)
Dopamine D1 and D2 receptors are distinctly associated with rest-activity rhythms and drug reward. (nih.gov)
Noribogaine is a type of serotonin reuptake inhibitor that also binds to opioid receptors. (getibogaine.com)
Binds to insulin receptors on muscle and fat cells and lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of glucose and inhibiting output of glucose from the liver. (hopeforheartsfoundation.org)

Sixteen chemical analogues of the butyrophenone haloperidol were tested on the dopamine-sensitive adenylate cyclase, and the results showed a good correlation between inhibitory potency in this system and the known effects of these compounds as apomorphine antagonists in vivo . (aspetjournals.org)

In distinction, maprotiline and bupropion, selective inhibitors of noradrenaline and dopamine uptake, respectively, failed to modify the action of MDMA. (erowid.org)
Drugs Metabolized by CYP2D6: Bupropion inhibits CYP2D6 and can increase concentrations of: antidepressants, (e.g., selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and many tricyclics), antipsychotics (e.g., haloperidol, risperidone and thioridazine), beta-blockers (e.g., metoprolol) and Type 1C antiarrhythmics (e.g., propafenone and flecainide): Consider dose reduction when using with CONTRAVE. (nih.gov)
Concomitant Treatment with CYP2B6 Inhibitors (e.g., ticlopidine or clopidogrel) can increase bupropion exposure. (nih.gov)
1R,2S)-erythro-Dihydro Bupropion Maleate is a metabolite of Bupropion (B689625), a selective inhibitor of dopamine uptake. (trc-canada.com)

Significant differences exist in the sensitivity of mice and rats to the neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) that cannot be explained by differences in exposure to or uptake of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) into dopamine (DA) neurons. (nih.gov)
My group discovered that dopamine agonists induce active emergence from general anesthesia, and we subsequently discovered that optogenetic stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) restores consciousness in anesthetized rodents. (harvard.edu)
Intrastriatal transplantation of foetal midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons ameliorates the fundamental symptoms of dopaminergic denervation in clinical and experimental parkinsonism despite providing only restricted reinnervation. (ox.ac.uk)
Although the function of this protein in the physiology of the cell remains unknown, it is evident that both genetic alterations or a mere overexpression of the native molecule produces a degeneration of nigral dopamine-containing neurons leading to movement disorders, as demonstrated in inherited Parkinson's disease. (unboundmedicine.com)
In the present study, we investigated whether widely abused drugs such as methamphetamine and methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy), which are known to damage the nigrostriatal dopamine pathway of mice, increase the expression of alpha-synuclein within dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta. (unboundmedicine.com)
The results of this study demonstrate that nigrostriatal dopamine denervation and occurrence of intracellular inclusions in nigral neurons produced by amphetamine derivatives are related to increased expression of alpha-synuclein within dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra. (unboundmedicine.com)
This lends substance to the hypothesis that increased amounts of native alpha-synuclein may be per se a detrimental factor for the dopamine neurons. (unboundmedicine.com)
Blocks the reuptake of norepinephrine and dopamine into presynaptic neurons. (medscape.com)
Both POLG1 variant and control MDNS contained functional midbrain regionalized TH/FOXA2-positive dopaminergic neurons, capable of releasing dopamine. (biomedcentral.com)
reduced re-uptake of norepinephrine and dopamine results in higher concentrations of the two catecholamine neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft , or gap between neurons . (chemsterdam.nl)
Pathophysiology behind this syndrome is attributed to a dopamine receptor blockade inside the neurons rendered by the offending drug and excessive calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal myocytes. (dovepress.com)

Reuptake inhibitors of neurotransmitters have a direct effect on extracellular concentrations of neurotransmitters in the synapses, and therefore influence neurotransmission. (axonmedchem.com)
In the CNS, CB1 receptor activation alters the release of a variety of neurotransmitters, including dopamine in the mesolimbic system, and affects appetite and energy expenditure in the hypothalamus by changing the relative expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides to increase appetite. (medscape.com)
The exact mechanism of action is not well understood, however it is generally thought that tricyclic antidepressants work by inhibiting the re-uptake of the neurotransmitters norepinephrine , dopamine , or serotonin by nerve cells . (bionity.com)
[4] Although norepinephrine and dopamine are generally considered stimulatory neurotransmitters, tricyclic antidepressants also increase the effects H1 histamine , and thus most have sedative effects. (bionity.com)
Altering levels of neurotransmitters like adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin, which act as chemical messengers for the ANS. (netdoctor.co.uk)
Pyrovalerone and its analogs are inhibitors of the transporters for certain monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine and norepinephrine , preventing their uptake. (onlineresearchchemicalscn.com)
The pronounced effects of the methylenedioxy-substituted compounds on [3H]serotonin and [3H]norepinephrine uptake implicate these neurotransmitters in the pharmacological effects of these drugs. (erowid.org)
Pyrovalerone is an inhibitor of the transporters for certain monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine and norepinephrine, preventing their uptake.1,2 α-Pyrrolidinopentiophenone (hydrochloride) is an analog of pyrovalerone, lacking only the methyl group that is found on the phenyl moiety of pyrovalerone. (chemhome24.com)
Neurotransmitters such as dopamine and glutamate are rapidly removed from the synaptic cleft after release, primarily through the actions of neurotransmitter transporters. (nih.gov)
This uptake process is not only essential for the termination of neurotransmission, but also serves to reestablish the intracellular levels of the neurotransmitters for subsequent release. (nih.gov)
Many of these botanical remedies work by modulating neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). (ivcjournal.com)
Serotonin and dopamine are important neurotransmitters for modulating mood balance , behavior, and stress response. (ivcjournal.com)
Serotonin and norepinephrine are thought to be the primary neurotransmitters involved, but dopamine has also been related to depression. (medscape.com)
[ii] Drugs like Ritalin work by blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitters dopamine, and norepinephrine. (nootropicsexpert.com)
L-Tyrosine produces the catecholamine-triad of neurotransmitters dopamine , norepinephrine, and epinephrine . (nootropicsexpert.com)
The unused dopamine is then further converted into the neurotransmitters norepinephrine ( noradrenaline ) and epinephrine (adrenaline). (nootropicsexpert.com)

Most of the ADRENERGIC UPTAKE INHIBITORS also inhibit dopamine uptake. (nih.gov)

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity / physiopathology Brain / drug effects* Central Nervous System Stimulants / pharmacology* Central Nervous System Stimulants / therapeutic use Comorbidity Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / pharmacology. (ridewest.ru)
Kenneth Koe, a chemist in the Pfizer pharmacology department, was looking at structural features of potent and relatively selective uptake inhibitors. (cbd-wholesale.xyz)

Efexor XR capsules 150mg contain venlafaxine which is an antidepressant belonging to the class of drugs known as Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), but is structurally and chemically different to other antidepressants. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
Studies indicate that, in contrast to antidepressants which inhibit the uptake of nor-adrenaline, paroxetine has a much reduced propensity to inhibit the antihypertensive effects of guanethidine. (mims.com)
St. John's Wort should not be used with pharmacologic antidepressants that have similar mechanisms of action, such as monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI), because of the risk for serotonin toxicity. (ivcjournal.com)
The serotonin reuptake inhibitors are called the third generation of antidepressants. (raypeat.com)

Generic Cymbalta® is an antidepressant serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor consisting of Duloxetine. (tadasiva.com)
Efexor XR capsules 150mg contain the active ingredient venlafaxine hydrochloride, an antidepressant belonging to the class of drugs known as Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) used to treat depression and other mood disorders. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
Efexor XR capsules 150mg contain venlafaxine which is an antidepressant belonging to the class of drugs known as Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs), used to treat symptoms of depression, including anxiety, loss of interest in usual activities, disturbed sleep, change in appetite, fatigue, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty thinking or concentrating and recurrent thoughts of suicide. (inhousepharmacy.vu)
The most popular kind of antidepressant, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor, is said to act by increasing the action of serotonin in the brain. (raypeat.com)
In these Paxil (paroxetine hydrochloride) is an orally administered antidepressant with a chemical structure unrelated to other selective sero- studies, Paxil was shown to be significantly more effective than placebo in treating panic disorder by at least 2 out of 3 measures of tonin reuptake inhibitors or to tricyclic, tetracyclic or other available antidepressant agents. (medicpdf.com)

The 5-HT-mediated increase in PKC activity was attenuated by pretreatment with the 5-HT(2) antagonist ketanserin, but not with the SERT inhibitor fluoxetine. (unboundmedicine.com)

However, GBR 12909 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) not only failed to prevent the acute effects induced by MDMA (30 mg/kg x 3, i.p.) on dopamine metabolism 30 min later, but in fact potentiated them. (erowid.org)
This suggests that the neuroprotective effect of GBR 12909 against MDMA-induced neurotoxicity is not directly related to its ability to inhibit the MDMA-induced acute effects on dopamine metabolism or alter the MDMA-induced temperature change. (erowid.org)
A case report and an in-vivo study of the effect of sertraline on dopamine metabolism. (cbd-wholesale.xyz)
Metabolism does not compromise paroxetine's selective action on neuronal 5-HT uptake. (mims.com)

An elevated serum prolactin level can be corrected with oral dopamine agonists (dopamine-stimulating) medications. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Once identified, hyperprolactinemia can be readily corrected by dopamine agonists such as bromocriptine or lisuride . (psychiatrictimes.com)
Recent trials for dopamine agonists have mainly focused on amphetamine derivatives such as dextroamphetamine (d-amphetamine) and methamphetamine, as well as modafinil and disulfiram. (biomedcentral.com)

In intact synaptosome preparations from rat striatum apomorphine was a potent inhibitor (IC 50 = 0.2 µM) of the conversion of tritiated tyrosine to catechols. (aspetjournals.org)
Venlafaxine is a potent inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin and noradrenaline, and also weakly inhibits dopamine reuptake, which means that it blocks the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenaline from the synapse (the gap between nerve cells across which chemical messages are sent from one nerve cell to another). (inhousepharmacy.vu)

Nucleus accumbens (Nacb) dopamine (DA) has been implicated in some features of food motivation ( 15 - 18 ). (frontiersin.org)
Shape 1 Dopamine launch and uptake had been assessed in the primary from the nucleus accumbens (NAc) and dorsal medial striatum (DMS) of socially isolated (SI) and group housed (GH) rats. (bio-zentrum.com)
The final common pathway for reward and reinforcement associated with substances of abuse has been extensively shown to result from dopamine release from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus accumbens (NAc), prefrontal cortex (PFC), as well as other structures [ 8 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Neuro-Immune Mechanisms Regulating Social Behavior: Dopamine as Mediator? (wjgnet.com)

Another experiment confirmed that a significant fraction of [3H]dopamine uptake into hippocampal synaptosomes was blocked by 500 nM fluoxetine, a selective 5-HT uptake inhibitor. (erowid.org)

In vitro and in vivo studies in animals suggest that citalopram is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) with minimal effects on norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) neuronal reuptake. (nih.gov)
It's suggested to act as a natural selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitor(SSRI), which increases serotonin as well as block its uptake. (illpumpyouup.com)

A tripple quadruple reuptake inhibitor, St John's wort has been shown to inhibit the synaptosomal uptake of serotonin, dopamine and noradrenaline (norepinephrine) with approximately equal affinity. (hypericum.com)
Weakly suppresses dopamine uptake, has no significant affinity for histamine, dopamine, choline and adrenoceptors. (tadasiva.com)

Amitifadine is a single molecule that can be imagined as similar to a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (like duloxetine), with the difference that amitifadine also inhibits dopamine reuptake, and thus modulates the dopamine pain circuit and treats the emotional aspects of pain," explained Anthony McKinney, founder and CEO of Ethismos Research. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

Studies have shown that terpenes can enhance or downplay the effect of cannabinoids, such as increasing dopamine activity or acting as serotonin uptake inhibitors. (pascoagcbdreleaf.com)
They are also responsible for increasing dopamine activity. (thegreenhousedispensary.com)

Citalopram is bicyclic phthalane derivative and a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor, w/ little or no effect on noradrenaline, dopamine and GABA re-uptake. (medicscientist.com)
Norepinephrine encourages focus and concentration, and GABA, also known as the "inhibitor transmitter", promotes a sense of calm. (ivcjournal.com)
3 St. John's Wort inhibits re-uptake of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, and GABA, increasing their circulating availability for neural cells. (ivcjournal.com)

RNA interference-mediated knockdown of alpha-synuclein protects human dopaminergic neuroblastoma cells from MPP(+) toxicity and reduces dopamine transport. (ox.ac.uk)
We show that alpha-synuclein knockdown has no effect on cellular survival either under normal growth conditions over 5 days or in the presence of the mitochondrial inhibitor rotenone. (ox.ac.uk)
These results show that RNAi-mediated alpha-synuclein knockdown alters cellular dopamine homeostasis in human cells and may suggest a mechanism for the increased survival in the presence of MPP(+), a toxin used extensively to model Parkinson's disease. (ox.ac.uk)
The pharmaceutical company UCB announced that they were partnering up with another pharma company Novartis on Parkinson's, with development of UCB0599 - a small-molecule alpha synuclein aggregation inhibitor . (scienceofparkinsons.com)

Pre-treatment with the dopamine uptake inhibitor GBR 12909 (10 mg/kg, i.p.), 30 min before each of the three MDMA (30 mg/kg, i.p.) injections, completely prevented the long term loss in the striatal catechol concentrations. (erowid.org)
Other dopamine-mimetic drugs [epinine, dopamine, 2-amino-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (ADTN)] also had similar inhibitory effects, although the alpha adrenoceptor agonist phenylephnine and the beta agonist isoprenaline were also inhibitory at higher concentrations. (aspetjournals.org)
Next amphetamine methylphenidate and cocaine's effects on dopamine release and uptake were examined across multiple concentrations in the NAc and DMS of SI and GH rats. (bio-zentrum.com)
Lastly pre-drug uptake rates and drug effects at maximally tested psychostimulant concentrations were examined for relationships that might help explain increased psychostimulant sensitivity in SI rats. (bio-zentrum.com)

Together the results provide the first evidence that greater psychostimulant effects in SI compared to GH rats are due to effects on dopamine terminals related to uptake dependent and independent mechanisms. (bio-zentrum.com)

Neurotransmitter Brain Food: Rebuilding the Acetylcholine (Choline or Lecithin), Serotonin (5-HTP or tryptophan) and Dopamine (Tyrosine) Neurotransmitter Pathways. (brainfoodbrainfood.com)
Patients with diarrhea that is not controlled with somatostatin analog therapy can be treated with telostristat ethyl, a tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor. (medscape.com)

If the re-uptake of serotonin and noradrenaline by the first nerve cell (pre-synaptic) is blocked, this means that there is more neurotransmitter remaining for the receiving nerve cell (post-synaptic), which allows nerve cells to communicate with each other for longer. (inhousepharmacy.vu)

I currently direct a translational research program that studies the role of dopamine pathways in restoring consciousness and cognition after general anesthesia. (harvard.edu)
During my PhD, my research was focused on the study of the role of dopamine and the effect of physical exercise on anergia or lack of motivation in animal models as a symptom of depresion. (open.ac.uk)

The exact mechanism is not complete understand, but some research study suggest that Modvigil 200 may work by increasing the amount of dopamine in brain by reducing the reuptake of dopamine into nerve. (article-realm.com)

Additionally, Kanna functions as a monoamine releasing agent, thereby elevating levels of dopamine and adrenaline. (illpumpyouup.com)

Neuroleptics also had some activity as inhibitors of [ H ]dopamine uptake and as dopamine releasers in striatal synaptosomes. (aspetjournals.org)
In contrast to the 5-fold stereoselectivity observed with amphetamine, only the S-(+) enantiomer of MDMA and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) inhibited [3H]dopamine uptake into striatal synaptosomes. (erowid.org)

Fluoxetine selectively inhibits presynaptic serotonin reuptake, with minimal or no effect on reuptake of norepinephrine or dopamine. (medscape.com)

Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (ucdenver.edu)
This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors" by people in this website by year, and whether "Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (ucdenver.edu)
Below are the most recent publications written about "Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors" by people in Profiles. (ucdenver.edu)

The levodopa in these preparations crosses the blood-brain barrier, where it is converted by endogenous aromatic amino acid decarboxylase to dopamine. (pharmaceutical-journal.com)

Since medications that expansion dopamine in the core accumbens have the potential for abuses, and considering the expanding utilization of Modalert, these results highlight the need for uplifted mindfulness for the potential abuses of and depended on Modafinil in defenseless populaces. (article-realm.com)
Medications that increase or substitute for dopamine can be used for the treatment of PD. (frontiersin.org)

Dr. Ethan Russo further supports this theory with scientific evidence by demonstrating that non-cannabinoid plant components such as terpenes serve as inhibitors to THC's intoxicating effects, thereby increasing THC's therapeutic index. (mrterps.com)
Many clinically important drugs are uptake inhibitors although the indirect reactions of the brain rather than the acute block of uptake itself is often responsible for the therapeutic effects. (jefferson.edu)

The 5-HT uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to prevent both the acute and long term dopaminergic deficits. (erowid.org)
Consistent with expression of a functional SERT, specific uptake of 3H-serotonin in macrophages was sodium dependent and inhibited by fluoxetine (IC50 6.9 nM) and desipramine (IC50 32 nM) but not by nisoxetine or reserpine. (dadospdf.com)

Neither stereoisomer of DOM inhibited synaptosomal uptake of any [3H]monoamine. (erowid.org)

They inhibit CNS neuronal uptake of serotonin (5HT) and may have a weak effect on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. (medscape.com)
Paroxetine also has a very weak effect on norepinephrine and dopamine neuronal reuptake. (medscape.com)

During my one-year stimulant holiday, the ingredients in Mind Lab Pro along with L-Tyrosine and ALCAR (included in Performance Lab Energy ) kept my dopamine , norepinephrine , and acetylcholine levels high enough to maintain focus , motivation and improve my memory . (nootropicsexpert.com)
NeuroSearch is developing NS-2330, a compound that increases the activity of dopamine, norepinephrine and acetylcholine, as a potential therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) [260782]. (jayccampbell.com)

The increased potencies were positively correlated with uptake rates suggesting that increased potencies of amphetamine-like compounds are due to changes in DAT function. (bio-zentrum.com)
The increased PKC activity is linked to the outward transport of dopamine, and when release is diminished, the inward transport of amphetamine inhibits PKC instead. (unboundmedicine.com)
The first MAO-B inhibitor, deprenyl (selegiline,) was synthesized and developed during the 1960s by Joseph Knoll and his team (Knoll2005).Knoll's discovery was based on his recognition that deprenyl differs from other MAOIs by inhibiting, instead of potentiating, the blood pressure increasing effect of amphetamine and tyramine (Knoll, Vizi and Somogyi 1968). (inhn.org)

To alleviate the sleepiness brought on by the choline/lecithin supplements, provide more energy, and support the dopamine pathway, she began taking tyrosine. (brainfoodbrainfood.com)

3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA)-induced serotonergic neurotoxicity was assessed in the striatum, hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats by using [3H]paroxetine binding to label serotonin (5-HT) uptake sites and 5-HT and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels as markers of serotonergic function. (erowid.org)
SI rats exhibited enhanced dopamine uptake and launch in both areas in comparison to GH rats. (bio-zentrum.com)
These measures were examined to determine if changes in dopamine release/uptake kinetics could contribute to the divergent responses to psychostimulants in SI and GH rats. (bio-zentrum.com)
Naive rats and rats pretreated with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a 5-HT synthesis inhibitor, were sacrificed. (unboundmedicine.com)
CAMBRIDGE, Mass.-Drug development company Ethismos Research reported that a study of its lead compound amitifadine, a triple uptake inhibitor, showed that the compound demonstrated independent pain-relieving effects while significantly reducing the self-administration of the opioid remifentanil without reducing its analgesic effects in rats being treated with both in acute and chronic settings. (drugdiscoverynews.com)

Anatomy10

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs80

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment3

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes8

Solid-phase microextraction for cannabinoids analysis in hair and its possible application to other drugs. (1/1361)

Acquisition of nicotine discrimination and discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine in rats chronically exposed to caffeine. (2/1361)

Age-related reductions in [3H]WIN 35,428 binding to the dopamine transporter in nigrostriatal and mesolimbic brain regions of the fischer 344 rat. (3/1361)

Characterization of [125I]RTI-121 binding to dopamine transporter in vitro. (4/1361)

ATP-sensitive potassium channels regulate in vivo dopamine release in rat striatum. (5/1361)

Comparison of effects of haloperidol administration on amphetamine-stimulated dopamine release in the rat medial prefrontal cortex and dorsal striatum. (6/1361)

Female gonadal hormones differentially modulate cocaine-induced behavioral sensitization in Fischer, Lewis, and Sprague-Dawley rats. (7/1361)

Behavioral and neurochemical effects of the dopamine transporter ligand 4-chlorobenztropine alone and in combination with cocaine in vivo. (8/1361)

Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors

Benztropine

Nomifensine

Dopamine

Cocaine

Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors

Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Piperazines

Receptors, Dopamine D2

Mazindol

Dopamine Antagonists

Receptors, Dopamine

Receptors, Dopamine D1

Dopamine Agonists

Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors

Synaptosomes

Receptors, Dopamine D3

Corpus Striatum

GABA Uptake Inhibitors

Tropanes

Membrane Transport Proteins

Norepinephrine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Nucleus Accumbens

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Serotonin

Dopamine Agents

Zimeldine

Nipecotic Acids

Methamphetamine

Desipramine

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Neostriatum

Microdialysis

Nerve Tissue Proteins

Fluoxetine

Norepinephrine

Receptors, Dopamine D5

Membrane Glycoproteins

Motor Activity

Amphetamine

Lobeline

Behavior, Animal

Methylphenidate

Caudate Nucleus

Biological Transport

Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase

Vesicular Monoamine Transport Proteins

Membrane Transport Modulators

Drug Interactions

Biogenic Monoamines

Clomipramine

Serotonin Antagonists

Tetrabenazine

Mesencephalon

Pargyline

Stereotyped Behavior

Brain

Substantia Nigra

Cocaine-Related Disorders

Carrier Proteins

Neurons

Metergoline

Fenfluramine

Protriptyline

Reserpine

Quipazine

1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium

Amphetamines

Binding, Competitive

Quinpirole

Self Administration

Paroxetine

Tritium

Fluvoxamine

Benzazepines

Dicarboxylic Acids

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid

Brain Chemistry

Kinetics