Marker effects on reversion of T4rII mutants. (1/26780)
The frequencies of 2-aminopurine- and 5-bromouracil-induced A:T leads to G:C transitions were compared at nonsense sites throughout the rII region of bacteriophage T4. These frequencies are influenced both by adjacent base pairs within the nonsense codons and by extracodonic factors. Following 2AP treatment, they are high in amber (UAG) and lower in opal (UGA) codons than in allelic ochre (UAA) codons. In general, 5BU-induced transitions are more frequent in both amber and opal codons than in the allelic ochre codons. 2AP- and 5BU-induced transition frequencies in the first and third positions of opal codons are correlated with those in the corresponding positions of the allelic ochre codons. Similarly, the frequencies of 2AP-induced transition in the first and second positions of amber codons and their ochre alleles are correlated. However, there is little correlation between the frequencies of 5BU-induced transitions in the first and second positions of allelic amber and ochre codons. (+info)Four dimers of lambda repressor bound to two suitably spaced pairs of lambda operators form octamers and DNA loops over large distances. (2/26780)
Transcription factors that are bound specifically to DNA often interact with each other over thousands of base pairs [1] [2]. Large DNA loops resulting from such interactions have been observed in Escherichia coli with the transcription factors deoR [3] and NtrC [4], but such interactions are not, as yet, well understood. We propose that unique protein complexes, that are not present in solution, may form specifically on DNA. Their uniqueness would make it possible for them to interact tightly and specifically with each other. We used the repressor and operators of coliphage lambda to construct a model system in which to test our proposition. lambda repressor is a dimer at physiological concentrations, but forms tetramers and octamers at a hundredfold higher concentration. We predict that two lambda repressor dimers form a tetramer in vitro when bound to two lambda operators spaced 24 bp apart and that two such tetramers interact to form an octamer. We examined, in vitro, relaxed circular plasmid DNA in which such operator pairs were separated by 2,850 bp and 2,470 bp. Of these molecules, 29% formed loops as seen by electron microscopy (EM). The loop increased the tightness of binding of lambda repressor to lambda operator. Consequently, repression of the lambda PR promoter in vivo was increased fourfold by the presence of a second pair of lambda operators, separated by a distance of 3,600 bp. (+info)Human topoisomerase I promotes initiation of simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. (3/26780)
Addition of purified human topoisomerase I (topo I) to simian virus 40 T antigen-driven in vitro DNA replication reactions performed with topo I-deficient extracts results in a greater than 10-fold stimulation of completed molecules as well as a more than 3-fold enhancement of overall DNA replication. To further characterize this stimulation, we first demonstrate that bovine topo I but not Escherichia coli topo I can also enhance DNA replication. By using several human topo I mutants, we show that a catalytically active form of topo I is required. To delineate whether topo I influences the initiation or the elongation step of replication, we performed delayed pulse, pulse-chase, and delayed pulse-chase experiments. The results illustrate that topo I cannot promote the completion of partially replicated molecules but is needed from the beginning of the reaction to initiate replication. Competitive inhibition experiments with the topo I binding T antigen fragment 1-246T and a catalytically inactive topo I mutant suggest that part of topo I's stimulation of replication is mediated through a direct interaction with T antigen. Collectively, our data indicate that topo I enhances the synthesis of fully replicated DNA molecules by forming essential interactions with T antigen and stimulating initiation. (+info)Induction of AT-specific DNA-interstrand crosslinks by bizelesin in genomic and simian virus 40 DNA. (4/26780)
Bizelesin is a bifunctional AT-specific DNA alkylating drug. Our study characterized the ability of bizelesin to induce interstrand crosslinks, a potential lethal lesion. In genomic DNA of BSC-1 cells, bizelesin formed from approx. 0.3 to 6.03+/-0.85 interstrand crosslinks per 106 base pairs, at 5-100 nM drug concentration, respectively, comparable to the number of total adducts previously determined in the same system (J.M. Woynarowski, M.M. McHugh, L.S. Gawron, T.A. Beerman, Biochemistry 34 (1995) 13042-13050). Bizelesin did not induce DNA-protein crosslinks or strand breaks. A model defined target, intracellular simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA, was employed to map at the nucleotide level sites of bizelesin adducts, including potential interstrand crosslinks. Preferential adduct formation was observed at AT tracts which are abundant in the SV40 matrix associated region and the origin of replication. Many sites, including each occurrence of 5'-T(A/T)4A-3', co-mapped on both DNA strands suggesting interstrand crosslinks, although monoadducts were also formed. Bizelesin adducts in naked SV40 DNA were found at similar sites. The localization of bizelesin-induced crosslinks in AT-rich tracts of replication-related regions is consistent with the potent anti-replicative properties of bizelesin. Given the apparent lack of other types of lesions in genomic DNA, interstrand crosslinks localized in AT-rich tracts, and to some extent perhaps also monoadducts, are likely to be lethal effects of bizelesin. (+info)Hybrid capture II, a new sensitive test for human papillomavirus detection. Comparison with hybrid capture I and PCR results in cervical lesions. (5/26780)
AIM: To test a new assay for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, hybrid capture II (HC II), compared with the previous commercialized hybrid capture I (HC I) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results on cervical scrapes from fresh cone excision biopsy samples. METHODS: The three methods were used on cervical scrapes from 42 fresh cone excision biopsy samples. There were nine metaplastic and inflammatory lesions, five low grade lesions, and 28 high grade lesions. PCR was performed using the general primers GP5+/GP6+. The viral load of high risk HPV DNA was estimated by the ratio of relative light units to positive control values in the samples. RESULTS: The sensitivity of HC I for the detection of high grade lesions was 71.4%, while it was 92.8% for HC II and 96.4% for the PCR. Considering only the absence of detectable cervical in situ neoplasia, the specificity was 88.9% for HC I, 66.7% for HC II, and 66.7% for PCR. With HC II, for a ratio of cervical sample to normal control of > 200, the sensitivity for the detection of high grade lesion was only 34.6% with a specificity of 66.7%. CONCLUSIONS: HPV detection with the HC II assay is more sensitive than the previous HC I and represents a more convenient and easier test than PCR for routine use. Nevertheless the viral load estimated with this test cannot be a reliable predictive indicator of high grade lesions. (+info)Human papillomavirus DNA in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. (6/26780)
AIM: To investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung--which is relatively common in Okinawa but not in mainland Japan--and examine its histological features. METHODS: Of 207 cases where primary lung cancers were surgically removed between January 1995 and June 1997 in Okinawa, 23 were adenosquamous carcinoma. HPV was detected by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with primers specific for E6 and E7 regions of the HPV genome. PCR products were analysed by Southern blotting. Immunohistochemical determination of high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMC) and involucrin was also carried out. RESULTS: 18 cases were positive for HPV DNA by PCR and NISH. HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 were found. Seven cases were dual positive for different types of HPV. Using NISH, HPV was also found in the squamous cell components and in neighbouring enlarged adenocarcinoma cells. The HMC and involucrin were demonstrated immunohistochemically in the same areas. CONCLUSIONS: HPV DNA was found in a high proportion (78.3%) of adenosquamous carcinomas in Okinawa, a region where HPV has previously been shown to be prevalent in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The adenocarcinoma cells adjacent to the squamous cell carcinoma component were enlarged and positive for HPV, HMC, and involucrin. This is thought to indicate the transition from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma. (+info)A review of statistical methods for estimating the risk of vertical human immunodeficiency virus transmission. (7/26780)
BACKGROUND: Estimation of the risk of vertical transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been complicated by the lack of a reliable diagnostic test for paediatric HIV infection. METHODS: A literature search was conducted to identify all statistical methods that have been used to estimate HIV vertical transmission risk. Although the focus of this article is the analysis of birth cohort studies, ad hoc studies are also reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: The standard method for estimating HIV vertical transmission risk is biased and inefficient. Various alternative analytical approaches have been proposed but all involve simplifying assumptions and some are difficult to implement. However, early diagnosis/exclusion of infection is now possible because of improvements in polymerase chain reaction technology and complex estimation methods should no longer be required. The best way to analyse studies conducted in breastfeeding populations is still unclear and deserves attention in view of the many intervention studies being planned or conducted in developing countries. (+info)Novel endotheliotropic herpesviruses fatal for Asian and African elephants. (8/26780)
A highly fatal hemorrhagic disease has been identified in 10 young Asian and African elephants at North American zoos. In the affected animals there was ultrastructural evidence for herpesvirus-like particles in endothelial cells of the heart, liver, and tongue. Consensus primer polymerase chain reaction combined with sequencing yielded molecular evidence that confirmed the presence of two novel but related herpesviruses associated with the disease, one in Asian elephants and another in African elephants. Otherwise healthy African elephants with external herpetic lesions yielded herpesvirus sequences identical to that found in Asian elephants with endothelial disease. This finding suggests that the Asian elephant deaths were caused by cross-species infection with a herpesvirus that is naturally latent in, but normally not lethal to, African elephants. A reciprocal relationship may exist for the African elephant disease. (+info)Rohtak sisters viral video controversy
"Annie Raja lauds Rohtak sisters for fighting back against eve-teasers". DNA India. 30 November 2014. Retrieved 18 January 2015 ... The Rohtak sisters viral video controversy involves a video that went viral on the social media in India in late November 2014 ... Rohtak In late November 2014, a video went viral on the internet in India. It showed two sisters, Pooja and Aarti from ... On 2 December, a second video went viral on the internet, which showed the girls hitting another boy in Rohtak. The girls ...
Viral vector vaccine
A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the ... The first viral vector was introduced in 1972 through genetic engineering of the SV40 virus. A recombinant viral vector was ... Viral vector vaccines do not cause infection with either the virus used as the vector or the source of the antigen. The genetic ... The majority of viral vectors lack the required genes, making them unable to replicate. In order to be widely accepted and ...
Viral transformation
The phage can then penetrate the cell membrane and inject the viral DNA into the host cell. The viral DNA can then either lay ... In other cases, the viral DNA will persist within the host cell and replicate as the cell replicates. This viral DNA can either ... In either case the viral DNA will replicate along with the original host DNA during cell replication causing two cells to now ... The term can also be understood as DNA transfection using a viral vector. Viral transformation can occur both naturally and ...
Chlamydiamicrovirus
DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by bacteria lysis. Various species of ... Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by pilus-mediated adsorption into the host cell. ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Amit Sharma (youtuber)
"YouTuber offers Rs 1 lakh worth free petrol, diesel for making viral video, watch". DNA India. Retrieved 2023-02-08. "बाइक की ... Viral video may shock you". Hindustan Times. Retrieved 2023-02-08. Nayak, Subadh (2022-03-21). "6 boys book entire train; Watch ... चटनी बन गई जब चढ़ा रोड रोलर! VIRAL VIDEOS". Aaj Tak (in Hindi). 2022-03-23. Retrieved 2023-02-08. "लड़के ने गिफ्ट के लिए खरीदे ...
Alphaentomopoxvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post- ...
Betaentomopoxvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... A Core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, the viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. Intermediate phase: ...
Yatapoxvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post- ...
Atadenovirus
Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral fiber glycoproteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 12 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Phikmvvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by absorption into the host cell. DNA-templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on ... it was the first known T7-like phage which encoded a single-subunit RNA polymerase gene downstream its DNA metabolism genes ...
Raphidovirus
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Uetakevirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. Dna templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... The genomes of these phages are linear double stranded DNA (~40kilobases), terminally redundant and circularly permuted. ...
Chloriridovirus
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Diptera with ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. Willis, Dawn B. (1990). "Taxonomy of Iridoviruses". In Gholamreza, Darai (ed.). ...
Leporipoxvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post- ...
Rauchvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated ... The Bordetella phages of this genus contains an RNA-directed DNA polymerase which plays a role in tropism. The genomes are ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Peduovirinae
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Deltalipothrixvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic, and entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Prasinovirus
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA templated transcription is ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Prasinovirus is a genus of large double-stranded DNA viruses, in the family Phycodnaviridae that infect phytoplankton in the ...
Fuselloviridae
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Genomes consist of double-stranded circular DNA, around 17.3 kb in length. Biochemical characterization of SSV1, a prototypical ... as well as one DNA-binding chromatin protein of cellular origin. The virion proteins VP1, VP3, and VP4 undergo ...
Biotin carboxyl carrier protein
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876162323000330) Keywords: DNA replication; DNA replication stress; Genome ... Mechanism of cell cycle regulation and cell proliferation during human viral infection, Editor(s): Rossen Donev, Advances in ... Chromatin regulators in DNA replication and genome stability maintenance during S-phase, Editor(s): Rossen Donev, Advances in ... DNA viruses; RNA viruses; Host pathogen interaction Esra Albayrak, Fatih Kocabaş, Chapter Thirteen - Therapeutic targeting and ...
Bruynoghevirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Crocodylidpoxvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post- ...
Turriviridae
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Ictavirus
Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins ... DNA templated transcription is the method of transcription. Fish serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Spiromicrovirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by pilus-mediated adsorption into the host cell. ... DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus exits the host cell by bacteria lysis. Spiroplasma ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Punavirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Gammaentomopoxvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ... Early phase: early genes are transcribed in the cytoplasm by viral RNA polymerase. Early expression begins at 30 minutes post- ...
Tevenvirinae
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by adsorption into the host cell. DNA-templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 1 July 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Cyvirus
Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins ... DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Freshwater eel serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Archived from the original on 28 August 2015. Retrieved 13 August 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". ...
Batravirus
Viral replication is nuclear, and is lysogenic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral glycoproteins ... DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. Frogs serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are passive ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Prymnesiovirus
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Cervidpoxvirus
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. The virus ... The core is completely uncoated as early expression ends, and the viral genome is now free in the cytoplasm. In the ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Ichtadenovirus
Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral fiber glycoproteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 13 August 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Phaeovirus
Viral replication is nucleo-cytoplasmic, and is lysogenic. Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Siadenovirus
Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral fiber glycoproteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. "Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release". International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses ( ...
Iridovirus
Viral replication is nucleocytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment of the viral proteins to host ... Replication follows the DNA strand displacement model. DNA-templated transcription is the method of transcription. ... "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015. ICTV: Master Species List 2018b.v2, on: ICTVonline: MSL #34 as of February 2019 ...
Aabha Paul
"Gandii Baat, Mastram actress Aabha Paul raises the temperature in hot outfits; videos go viral". DNA India. Retrieved 14 July ...
Sanjay Chhel
He Shares Some Interesting Insights with DNA Afterhrs". DNA - via HighBeam (subscription required). Archived from the original ... Vasavada, Viral (2013). સ્વર્ણિમ કલા-ખેલરત્નો [Golden Art-Sport Jewels] (in Gujarati). Rajkot: Wonderland Publications. pp. 61- ...
Early protein
It binds the viral origin of replication and recruits DNA polymerase and s/s DNA-binding protein such that once its ... The classification of viral proteins as early proteins or late proteins depends on their relationship with genome replication. ... this definition of these terms is commonly reserved for class I DNA viruses. (HIV has two stages of protein expression but ...
Bacterial defence molecules target viral DNA
Microbes thwart viral infection using agents that can intercalate into DNA. ... Evidence that bacterial small molecules also target viruses provides fresh insights into how bacteria thwart viral infection. ... Microbes thwart viral infection using agents that can intercalate into DNA. ... Bacterial defence molecules target viral DNA. Bacteria can use specific protein-based strategies to defend individual cells ...
Study explores the stability of monkeypox viral DNA in various body fluid samples
They performed mathematical modeling to predict how long monkeypox viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) remains detectable in ... Study explores the stability of monkeypox viral DNA in various body fluid samples. *Download PDF Copy ... The study did not test for the infectivity of viral particles and only investigated the persistence of the DNA in the fluids. ... Lastly, the authors believe that the time of persistence of viral DNA in body fluids estimated in this study might not be ...
Removing DNA and RNA Using Benzonase Endonuclease During Viral Production
... removing contaminating nucleic acids is an important part of viral production. The simplest way to do this is to use the ... Whether you are developing cell and gene therapies or viral vaccines, ... Purification of viral particles (removing DNA and RNA from proteins and other biologicals). Whether for developing viral ... Viral Vector Characterization and Biosafety Testing. Removing DNA and RNA Using Benzonase® Endonuclease During Viral Production ...
Ancient Viral Invaders in Our DNA Help Fight Today's Infections
... the results indicate that ancient viral DNA has become important for mounting a proper defense against todays viral infections ... Published in Science on March 4, the scientists report that bits of viral DNA embedded in our genome are regulating genes that ... Ancient Viral Invaders in Our DNA Help Fight Todays Infections. Mar 4, 2016. Article ... To test whether the pieces of viral DNA were indeed important for immunity, the scientists used the gene-editing tool CRISPR/ ...
Quick-DNA Viral Kits | ZYMO RESEARCH
The Quick-DNA Viral Kits are viral DNA purification kits that provide for the rapid isolation of high-quality viral DNA from a ... Quick-DNA/RNA Viral Kits. The Quick-DNA Viral Kits are viral DNA purification kits that provide for the rapid isolation of high ... With these viral DNA purification kits, DNA can be eluted with elution buffer or water and is suitable for subsequent PCR, ... These viral DNA purification kits uniquely designed buffer is included for the efficient denaturation of viral particles in ...
RCSB PDB - 1SFU: Crystal structure of the viral Zalpha domain bound to left-handed Z-DNA
Crystal structure of the viral Zalpha domain bound to left-handed Z-DNA ... A poxvirus protein forms a complex with left-handed Z-DNA: crystal structure of a Yatapoxvirus Zalpha bound to DNA.. Ha, S.C., ... in a complex with Z-DNA, solved at a 2.0-A resolution. The DNA contacting surface of Yaba-like disease virus Zalpha(E3L) ... Crystal structure of the viral Zalpha domain bound to left-handed Z-DNA. *PDB DOI: https://doi.org/10.2210/pdb1SFU/pdb ...
Technical virology questions about ERVs and RNA vs. DNA viral rates ...
Im assuming the viral DNA in our genome is no longer active. Im also guessing the viral DNA has its own promoter encoded as ... Most retroviruses express an integrase protein that acts to facilitate viral end joining to host DNA. ... RNA viruses mutate/adapt faster than DNA viruses. The extent of my knowledge currently is that the DNA virus undergoes a "proof ... are you aware of any cases of someone lacking the enzyme to stop the viral DNA expression, and thus they have a problem? ...
Phage phi29 protein p56 prevents viral DNA replication impairment caused by uracil excision activity of uracil-DNA glycosylase
... inhibition is likely a defense mechanism developed by phage phi29 to prevent the action of UDG if uracilation occurs in DNA ... Protein p56 encoded by the Bacillus subtilis phage phi29 inhibits host uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) activity. In previous ... we analyzed the ability of phi29 DNA polymerase to insert dUMP into DNA. Primer extension analysis showed that viral DNA ... Phage phi29 protein p56 prevents viral DNA replication impairment caused by uracil excision activity of uracil-DNA glycosylase ...
DNA Braids Are Going Viral On Instagram & They Are The Most Mesmerizing Thing You'll Ever See
The latest technique to takeover the app, DNA braids are… ... DNA braids are going viral and theyll likely have you dying to ... But the DNA-inspired style has been the most popular look by far amongst her followers and all who have come across the viral ... I have actually seen the DNA braid done before, but its just not a popular braid, Wilson tells Bustle. I wanted to recreate ... If youre itching to try something new with your mane, look no further than the DNA braid. Its not your average fishtail, ...
Gp120-alum boosting of a Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine: poorer control of a pathogenic viral challenge
Envelope protein immunogens may improve DNA or live-vectored HIV vaccines by complementing antiviral cellular responses with ... Gp120-alum boosting of a Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA AIDS vaccine: poorer control of a pathogenic viral challenge AIDS Res Hum ... However, the plus-gp120 group had less consistent control of viremia and higher levels of plasma viral RNA for the first year ... Envelope protein immunogens may improve DNA or live-vectored HIV vaccines by complementing antiviral cellular responses with ...
Viral DNA findings could better protect poultry health | WATTAgNet | WATTPoultry.com
Learn how viral DNA - sections of the genome derived from viruses - may help prevent related infections in chickens, protecting ... Viral DNA Basics. Viruses can embed small chunks of their genetic material into an organisms DNA. Over time, viral DNA mutates ... Viral DNA findings could better protect poultry health. Viral DNA - sections of the genome derived from viruses - may help ... Viral DNA - sections of the genome derived from viruses - may help prevent related infections in chickens, protecting bird ...
Transcription of host noncoding DNA elements signals viral intrusion but is hijacked by gammaherpesvirus
SINEs are normally silent, though in some cases viral infection can promote their transcription into RNA. A study published on ... it supports the propagation of the viral intruder. ... Mammalian DNA, including the human genome, contains about 1 ... Transcription of host noncoding DNA elements signals viral intrusion but is hijacked by gammaherpesvirus. by Public Library of ... Transcription of host noncoding DNA elements signals viral intrusion but is hijacked by gammaherpesvirus. ...
AID 580187 - Antiviral activity against Hepatitis B virus infected in human HepG2 cells assessed as reduction in viral DNA...
LOINC 100675-8 Cytomegalovirus DNA [Units/volume] (viral load) in Blood by NAA with probe detection
... viral load) in Blood by NAA with probe detection ... Cytomegalovirus DNA [Units/volume] (viral load) in Blood by NAA ... 巨细胞病毒 DNA:. 任意型浓度:. 时间点:. 全血:. 定量型:. 探针法.基因扩增.靶向. Synonyms: CMV DNA CMV;. 涎腺病毒;. 细胞巨化病毒;. 细胞肥大病毒 任意型浓度(单位体积);. 任意浓度;. 单位体积的任意单位 ... DNA) 可用数量表示的;. 定量性;. 数值型;. 数量型;. 连续数值型标尺 微生物学;. 微生物学试验;. 微生
Global diversity and biogeography of DNA viral communities in activated sludge systems | Microbiome | Full Text
... we investigated the global diversity and biogeography of DNA viral communities in AS systems using 85,114 viral operational ... Viral lysis of host microbes and virus-mediated HGT can regulate the biogeochemical and nutrient cycles, thus affecting the ... AS viral communities and their functional traits exhibited distance-decay relationship (DDR) at the global scale and ... It was worth noting that our study revealed a high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in viral genomes, suggesting ...
Viral Hepatitis Surveillance and Case Management - Terms, Abbreviations, and Acronyms | CDC
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SASDQJ6 - Monkeypox viral synthetic DNA fragment (DNA sequence 1, MP1)
GenomesGenomeProteinsReplicationVirusesInfectionsProteinWent viralGenesMoleculesDetectionVectorsDeoxyribonucleic acidVaccinesInfectionRNAsParticlesSequencesPurificationIsolationDouble-strandedPolymeraseInnate immuneGenomicSynthetic DNA fragmentDiversity of viralSequenceImmuneEncephalitisEffective viralPlasmid DNA productionBody fluidsMutationsGeneticSerumReverse transcriptaseAntibodiesMonkeypoxEndonucleaseTranscriptionVaccineHepatitisFragmentsLysisDiseasesMolecularVectorPropagationHostInterferonsHumanEnzymeMutation
Genomes7
- Within mammalian genomes are reservoirs of viral DNA that have fueled innovation of the innate immune system. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Many viruses originally entered our genomes as part of the process of viral replication," says Elde. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- It was worth noting that our study revealed a high abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in viral genomes, suggesting that viruses were key reservoirs of ARGs in AS systems. (biomedcentral.com)
- The aim of this project is to dissect the changes in the host and viral genomes that enable adenoviral propagation. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
- The project is based on evidence that major alterations in acetylation and methylation patterns of both host and viral genomes are essential for completion of the adenoviral life cycle. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
- RNA vs DNA as Physical Objects: What's Special about Viral Genomes? (rockefeller.edu)
- To generate plasmids encoding viral genomes with novel mutations, pairs of oligonucleotide primers containing a particular mutagenic sequence (muts) or its complement (muta) (Table) at 1 end and either SPLI or Rib, in the other, have been used in PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3439027 separate PCRs with pTPVRibMS as template. (dna-alkylating.com)
Genome14
- Published in Science on March 4, the scientists report that bits of viral DNA embedded in our genome are regulating genes that are integral components of our innate immune system, the first line of defense against pathogens, including viruses. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- I'm assuming the viral DNA in our genome is no longer active. (fluther.com)
- Thus, our data support a model in which protein p56 ensures an efficient viral DNA replication, preventing the deleterious effect caused by UDG when it eliminates uracil residues present in the phi29 genome. (nih.gov)
- Viral DNA - sections of the genome derived from viruses - may help prevent related infections in chickens, protecting bird health, reveals recently published research from the Roslin Institute at the University of Edinburgh. (wattagnet.com)
- Mammalian DNA, including the human genome, contains about 1 million SINEs (short interspersed nuclear elements), noncoding mobile genetic elements that make up about 10% of the total genome. (medicalxpress.com)
- Without reverse transcriptase, the viral genome couldn't become incorporated into the host cell, and couldn't reproduce. (cellsalive.com)
- Taking advantage of the large number of virus DNA sequences in public databases to select conserved sites for primer design is an optimal way to tackle the difficulties in virus genome amplification. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, the partially double stranded characteristic of HBV DNA structure causes the instability of exposed HBV DNA and the low efficiency of whole genome amplification. (biomedcentral.com)
- The plasmid pTPVSplI containing the fulllength viral genome was assembled by the fragment ligation applying the above fragment at the same time as the ntlong KpnIBglII and ntlong ScaIBglII fragments in the pBRbased plasmid pTPV. (dna-alkylating.com)
- To introduce the sequence of a hammerhead ribozyme in between the T promoter and viral genome, PCR reactions with pTPVSplI as template and the antisense primer SPL and sense primers Rib and BHTRib (Table), containing partial ribozyme sequence, have been performed to generate a fragment spanning among BamHI (inside the pBR sequence) and SplI (in the viral sequence) containing the T promoter, ribozyme, and 'terminal poliovirus nt. (dna-alkylating.com)
- Unique restriction web-sites, MluI and SacI within a region encoding the viral protein C at positions and in the viral genome, respectively, were introduced within this plasmid by fusion PCR reactions (facts of this process are out there upon request) to generate the basal plasmid pTPVRibMS. (dna-alkylating.com)
- encoding the fulllength viral genome, as described within the preceding paragraph. (dna-alkylating.com)
- The goods obtained in every pair of these reactions have been fused collectively in an further PCR with Rib and SPL primers, digested with ApaI and SplI, and employed to generated plasmids encoding the fulllength viral genome as above. (dna-alkylating.com)
- Adenovirus DNA : the viral genome and its expression / edited by Walter Doerfler. (who.int)
Proteins4
- The viral RNA/DNA molecules bind to the silica-based media and impurities such as proteins and nucleases are removed by thorough washing with Wash Buffer. (weblanau.com)
- The involvement of viral DNA-binding proteins in the regulation of virulence genes, transcription, DNA replication, and repair make them significant targets. (mdpi.com)
- When pieces of viral RNA are present inside a cell, multiple MDA5 proteins attach to it, one after another, forming a filament. (medlineplus.gov)
- Studies suggest that the altered protein is unable to attach to viral RNA or to other MDA5 proteins to form filaments. (medlineplus.gov)
Replication8
- One major mechanism used by multicellular organisms (such as humans) is the expression of cytokines by immune cells to signal to infected cells to shut of viral replication. (fluther.com)
- Much of what we know about viral replication has also been learned from studying viruses of bacteria known as phages . (fluther.com)
- In previous studies, we suggested that this inhibition is likely a defense mechanism developed by phage phi29 to prevent the action of UDG if uracilation occurs in DNA either from deamination of cytosine or the incorporation of dUMP during viral DNA replication. (nih.gov)
- Additionally, UDG and apurinic-apyrimidinic endonuclease treatment of viral DNA isolated from phi29-infected cells revealed that uracil residues arise in phi29 DNA during replication, probably as a result of misincorporation of dUMP by the phi29 DNA polymerase. (nih.gov)
- On the other hand, the action of UDG on uracil-containing phi29 DNA impaired in vitro viral DNA replication, which was prevented by the presence of protein p56. (nih.gov)
- Although the main pathway controlled by activation of the IKKβ kinase (called the NF-κB signaling pathway) is normally detrimental to viral replication, MHV68 co-opts IKKβ kinase activation to boost its own viral transcription activator, using a viral protein called RTA, thereby enhancing viral gene expression and virus production. (medicalxpress.com)
- What is the origin of replication in DNA? (lifeeasy.org)
- In HHV-1 and HHV-2 oral infections, viral replication within the oral epithelium may cause lysis of epithelial cells, with vesicle formation. (medscape.com)
Viruses14
- Evidence that bacterial small molecules also target viruses provides fresh insights into how bacteria thwart viral infection. (nature.com)
- Bacteria can also use general defences to combat their viral predators, in addition to having a plethora of more-specific defences that target particular viruses. (nature.com)
- Whether for developing viral vaccines, viral vectors for vaccine, cell and gene therapy, or oncolytic viruses, Benzonase ® endonuclease removes nucleic acid contamination from the final product to meet regulatory standards. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- About 8 percent of our DNA is viral in origin: remnants of ancient battles between infectious viruses and our ancestors. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- RNA viruses mutate/adapt faster than DNA viruses. (fluther.com)
- Viruses can embed small chunks of their genetic material into an organism's DNA. (wattagnet.com)
- However, the roles of viruses and the diversity of the viral community are just beginning to be understood in WWTPs. (biomedcentral.com)
- By infecting and lysing host cells, viruses can affect the composition of microbial populations and facilitate the transfer of organic matter from cells to the dissolved organic matter pool via the "viral shunt" [ 9 ], and when consumed by small phagotrophs, viruses facilitate the movement of organic matter into the classical food web, which is called the "viral sweep" [ 10 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Clinically relevant involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) by viruses is an uncommon event, considering the overwhelming number of individuals affected by the different human viral infections. (medscape.com)
- The highly heterogenic characteristic of viruses is the major obstacle to efficient DNA amplification. (biomedcentral.com)
- A key step in the assembly of many viruses is the packaging of double-stranded DNA into a viral procapsid (an empty protein shell) by the action of an ATP-powered portal motor complex. (umn.edu)
- In particular, the MDA5 protein recognizes a molecule called double-stranded RNA (a chemical cousin of DNA), which certain viruses, including rhinovirus (the virus that causes the common cold), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and the influenza (flu) virus, have as their genetic material or produce when they infect cells and copy (replicate) themselves. (medlineplus.gov)
- Another subset of viruses has DNA as the genetic material. (medlineplus.gov)
- Herpesvirus family members are icosahedral DNA viruses. (medscape.com)
Infections13
- Lastly, the authors believe that the time of persistence of viral DNA in body fluids estimated in this study might not be generalizable to all monkeypox infections, especially asymptomatic ones. (news-medical.net)
- Taken together, the results indicate that ancient viral DNA has become important for mounting a proper defense against today's viral infections. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- however, most CNS viral infections involve the meninges to a greater or lesser extent, leading to aseptic meningitis or causing mild meningoencephalitis rather than pure encephalitis. (medscape.com)
- In addition to acute viral encephalitis, other less established and more unusual manifestations of viral infections include progressive neurologic disorders, such as postinfectious encephalomyelitis (such as may occur after measles or Nipah virus encephalitis) and conditions such as postpoliomyelitis syndrome, which has been considered by some to be as a persistent manifestation of poliovirus infection. (medscape.com)
- An unusual CNS involvement leading to microcephaly due to infection of pregnant women by Zika virus has also been recently reported and highlights the constant need to look for new types of neurological manifestations of viral infections in humans. (medscape.com)
- Viral infections are still a major threat to human health. (grantome.com)
- At least four genetic changes in the IFIH1 gene have been found to cause MDA5 deficiency, an immune system disorder (immunodeficiency) that leads to recurrent, severe viral infections in the lungs and airways (respiratory tract). (medlineplus.gov)
- A lack of the important early immune response stimulated by interferons leads to severe viral infections in infants with MDA5 deficiency. (medlineplus.gov)
- Members of the human herpesvirus (HHV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) families cause the most common primary viral infections of the oral cavity. (medscape.com)
- Nonetheless, many other viral infections can affect the oral cavity in humans, either as localized or systemic infections. (medscape.com)
- See Cutaneous Manifestations of HIV Disease and Cutaneous Manifestations of Hepatitis C for information on these viral infections. (medscape.com)
- Unexpectedly, 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase1 (Ogg1) knockout mice show enhanced stimuli-driven IFN expression that confers increased resistance to viral and bacterial infections and allergen challenges. (lu.se)
- its efficacy in other viral infections is being evaluated. (medscape.com)
Protein13
- Here, we describe the crystal structure of the Zalpha domain from the E3L-like protein of Yaba-like disease virus, a Yatapoxvirus, in a complex with Z-DNA, solved at a 2.0-A resolution. (rcsb.org)
- The presence of the conserved and tailored Z-DNA-binding surface, which interacts specifically with the zigzag backbone and syn base diagnostic of the Z-form, reinforces the importance to poxvirus infection of the ability of this protein to recognize the Z-conformation. (rcsb.org)
- Most retroviruses express an integrase protein that acts to facilitate viral end joining to host DNA . (fluther.com)
- Protein p56 encoded by the Bacillus subtilis phage phi29 inhibits host uracil-DNA glycosylase (UDG) activity. (nih.gov)
- Furthermore, transfection activity of uracil-containing phi29 DNA was significantly higher in cells that constitutively synthesized p56 than in cells lacking this protein. (nih.gov)
- Envelope protein immunogens may improve DNA or live-vectored HIV vaccines by complementing antiviral cellular responses with Env antibodies. (nih.gov)
- HBoV1 IgG and -capture IgM enzyme immunoassays human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ genotypes conferring (EIAs) were conducted as described ( 13 ) with biotinylated increased susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, were observed virus-like viral protein 2 particles as the antigen. (cdc.gov)
- An enzyme (protein) that's part of the human immunodeficiency virus reads the sequence of viral RNA nucleic acids (yellow in graphic) that have entered the host cell and transcribes the sequence into a complementary DNA sequence (shown in blue). (cellsalive.com)
- We demonstrate that the viral antiapoptotic molecule M11L promotes cellular immune responses to the HIV envelope protein. (elsevierpure.com)
- A DNA vaccine expressing consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion protein protected guinea pigs from infection by two lineages of influenza D virus. (cdc.gov)
- In this study, we designed a DNA vaccine expressing consensus hemagglutinin-esterase fusion (HEF) protein (FluD-Vax) and tested its protective efficacy against two lineages of IDV (D/OK and D/660) in guinea pigs. (cdc.gov)
- The viral S gene is important as it codes for the Spike protein which is the molecule that makes contact with, and allows entry of the virus into susceptible host cells, causing infection. (who.int)
- Here, we tested the hypothesis that the DNA repair protein OGG1 recognizes 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoGua) in promoters modulating IFN expression. (lu.se)
Went viral7
- The Rohtak sisters viral video controversy involves a video that went viral on the social media in India in late November 2014 and the events that followed. (wikipedia.org)
- Rohtak In late November 2014, a video went viral on the internet in India. (wikipedia.org)
- There's a super popular jacket on Amazon that went viral five years ago and hasn't lost any steam - and is a fraction of the price of traditional retail for winter coats. (ksnt.com)
- The Hill ) - Pennsylvania Lt. Gov. John Fetterman (D) raised more than half a million dollars in the past day for his Senate campaign after an ad from his Republican opponent, Mehmet Oz, went viral on social media. (wavy.com)
- Fetterman's campaign for U.S. Senate on Tuesday announced that it had raised over $500,000 since yesterday, when a viral video of Dr. Oz mispronouncing the name of a grocery store, struggling to grocery shop, and saying that the cost of 'crudite' had skyrocketed went viral," Fetterman's campaign said in a press release. (wavy.com)
- Oz referred to the supermarket he was in as "Wegners," which was a term that went viral with the video. (wavy.com)
- Let's revisit the viral and popular songs from South including Allu Arjun's Butta Bomma song and Samantha's Oo Antava that went viral. (wn.com)
Genes2
- To test whether the pieces of viral DNA were indeed important for immunity, the scientists used the gene-editing tool CRISPR/Cas9 in cell culture to remove one by one several of these viral sequences, each located near known immune genes. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- This activation of SINE expression is a biphasic response, with an initial phase arising as a result of either viral attachment or entry in to cells, and a second wave that requires progression of the infection past entry and expression of immediate early and early viral genes. (medicalxpress.com)
Molecules2
- Vaccines, which induce the production of antibodies that recognize and binding to very specific viral surface molecules, are an unlikely player in fighting HIV, because throughout infection, HIV surface molecules are continually changing. (cellsalive.com)
- We have developed methods to measure the packaging of single DNA molecules into single viral proheads in real time using optical tweezers. (umn.edu)
Detection8
- The time until loss of DNA detection was estimated based on the number of days between the onset of symptoms and the first negative PCR test. (news-medical.net)
- The researchers used mathematic modeling to estimate the time until the loss of DNA detection. (news-medical.net)
- Viral detection. (weblanau.com)
- The detection of viral nucleic acids is a central strategy by which the hosts sense infection and launch protective immune responses. (grantome.com)
- Detection and typing of HPV DNA in vaginal swabs (in conjunction with testing of NHANES sera for HPV antibody) will allow evaluation of trends in prevalence of type-specific HPV infection by age, sexual behavior, and race/ethnicity. (cdc.gov)
- It uses chemiluminescence for the qualitative detection of eighteen types of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in cervical specimens. (cdc.gov)
- An RLU measurement less than the Cutoff Value indicates the absence of the specific HPV DNA sequences tested or HPV DNA levels below the detection limit of the assay. (cdc.gov)
- Conclusion: qPCR results show that BeaverBeads Animal Viral DNA/RNA Kit has a higher detection rate in critical concentration or complex samples. (beavermagbeads.com)
Vectors1
- The growth of this market is driven by rising prevalence of target diseases and disorders, the availability of funding for gene therapy development, effectiveness of viral vectors in gene therapy delivery, and ongoing research into viral vector-based gene and cell therapies, leading to expanded applications and adoption of viral vector and plasmid DNA manufacturing technologies. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
Deoxyribonucleic acid1
- They performed mathematical modeling to predict how long monkeypox viral deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) remains detectable in different body fluid samples. (news-medical.net)
Vaccines2
- Whether you are developing cell and gene therapies or viral vaccines, removing contaminating nucleic acids is an important part of viral production. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- We conclude that gp120 inoculations that fail to raise neutralizing antibody do not improve the efficacy of Gag-Pol-Env DNA/MVA vaccines. (nih.gov)
Infection6
- SINEs are normally silent, though in some cases viral infection can promote their transcription into RNA. (medicalxpress.com)
- Britt Glaunsinger and her colleagues from the University of California in Berkeley, are interested in potential roles for SINE RNA transcripts during viral infection . (medicalxpress.com)
- The proposed studies represent a rigorous and comprehensive investigation into the mechanisms of cytosolic DNA sensing and will dramatically advance our understanding of the molecular basis of innate immunity against viral infection. (grantome.com)
- Our results demonstrate for the first time that the consensus IDV HEF DNA vaccine can elicit complete protection against infection from two lineages of IDV in the guinea pig model. (cdc.gov)
- [ 5 , 6 ] In a localized primary infection, the virus penetrates the mucosal epithelium and invades the cells of the basal layer, where the viral DNA inserts into the host DNA. (medscape.com)
- To date, WHO has designated 4 SARS CoV-2 genotypes that meet the working definition of a VOC: i) contain mutations divergent from the Wuhan strain and ii) that the mutations impact one or more of the aspects of viral infection that have public health significance. (who.int)
RNAs1
- Though SINE RNAs activate the innate immune response , MHV68 has co-opted SINE-mediated innate immune activation to enhance the viral lifecycle. (medicalxpress.com)
Particles4
- The study did not test for the infectivity of viral particles and only investigated the persistence of the DNA in the fluids. (news-medical.net)
- After the cells produce virus, they are lysed to release the viral particles, DNA, and RNA. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Benzonase ® endonuclease intensifies downstream processes by increasing efficiency of these steps and results in higher recovery of viral particles. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- These viral DNA purification kits uniquely designed buffer is included for the efficient denaturation of viral particles in whole blood (fresh and stored), plasma, serum, tissue, ascites, cultured cells, and from liquid samples. (zymoresearch.com)
Sequences2
- ALVEs are endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), copies of viral DNA sequences that have become part of the host (in this case, chicken). (wattagnet.com)
- An RLU measurement equal to or greater than the Cutoff Value indicates the presence of HPV DNA sequences in the specimen. (cdc.gov)
Purification5
- To learn more about optimizing Benzonase ® endonuclease for your process, see our application note " Optimization Strategy and Process Economics of DNA Digestion in Viral Vector Production for Gene Therapy " and data sheet " Optimization of Benzonase ® endonuclease use in virus purification . (sigmaaldrich.com)
- The Quick -DNA Viral Kits are viral DNA purification kits that provide for the rapid isolation of high-quality viral DNA from a wide range of biological sources. (zymoresearch.com)
- With these viral DNA purification kits, DNA can be eluted with elution buffer or water and is suitable for subsequent PCR, nucleotide blotting, and restriction endonuclease digestion procedures. (zymoresearch.com)
- For a efficient, safe and rapid simultaneous purification of viral DNA and RNA from cell-free samples. (weblanau.com)
- HigherPurity™ Viral DNA/RNA Mini Spin Kit offers an efficient, fast and simultaneous purification of viral DNA and RNA from cell-free samples such as serum, plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. (weblanau.com)
Isolation4
- HighPrep™ Viral DNA/RNA Kits from Magbio provide rapid and reliable magnetic bead based isolation of Viral Nucleic Acids. (fisherbiotec.com.au)
- Magnetic beads based kit for rapid isolation of viral, bacterial and fungal nucleic acids from whole blood, serum, plasma, saliva and other body fluids. (mbpinc.net)
- The HighPrep™ Viral/Pathogen DNA/RNA kit is designed for rapid and reliable isolation of viral, bacterial and fungal nucleic acids from whole blood, serum, plasma, saliva and other body fluids as well as nasopharyngeal swabs soaked in virus transport media or other buffers. (mbpinc.net)
- This kit is highly efficient in vIral nucleic acid isolation and the extracted RNA (and DNA) is suitable for direct use in most downstream applications such as one-step RT-qPCR, RT-PCR, PCR, nucleic acid amplification, cloning, sequencing, and enzymatic reactions. (mbpinc.net)
Double-stranded2
- It's non-specific and cleaves DNA and RNA into smaller fragments, acting on both single stranded and double stranded nuclei acids as well as linear and circular forms of nucleic acids. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- It contains a linear double-stranded DNA encased in an icosahedral capsid that is surrounded by a viral envelope. (loinc.org)
Polymerase4
- Monkeypox confirmations are based on positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests which detect the monkeypox viral DNA in the fluid sample. (news-medical.net)
- In this work, we analyzed the ability of phi29 DNA polymerase to insert dUMP into DNA. (nih.gov)
- Primer extension analysis showed that viral DNA polymerase incorporates dU opposite dA with a catalytic efficiency only 2-fold lower than that for dT. (nih.gov)
- Using the phi29 DNA amplification system, we found that phi29 DNA polymerase is also able to carry out the extension of the dA:dUMP pair and replicate past uracil. (nih.gov)
Innate immune1
- These comprehensive structural and functional studies significantly advanced our understanding about how the innate immune system responds to viral DNA at molecular level. (grantome.com)
Genomic3
- How does a virus insert itself into genomic DNA? (fluther.com)
- 3-6 µg of genomic DNA from a 200 µL Plasma/Serum. (weblanau.com)
- genomic DNA, in all Molecular Biology applications. (weblanau.com)
Synthetic DNA fragment1
- Generation on the plasmid having a randomized octanucleotide A base pairlong synthetic DNA fragment SolD (Table) corresponding to a portion of your plasmid MedChemExpress Lu-1631 pTPVRibMS but together with the randomized octanucleotide at the apex of domain d of oriL (positions of poliovirus RNA) was bought from Isogen Bioscience BV (The Netherlands). (dna-alkylating.com)
Diversity of viral1
- However, our knowledge about the diversity of viral taxonomic groups and functional traits in global AS systems is still limited. (biomedcentral.com)
Sequence2
- A mutation (also referred to as viral mutation or genetic mutation) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus is a change in the genetic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus when compared with a reference sequence such as Wuhan-Hu1 (the first genetic sequence identified) or USA-WA1/2020 (the first identified in the United States). (fda.gov)
- Based on that, Tyler-Smith, Haber, and their colleagues conducted genetic analyses of the remains and were able to sequence the DNA of nine Crusaders, revealing that three were Europeans, four were Near Easterners, and two individuals had mixed genetic ancestry. (ancient-origins.net)
Immune6
- Further, when cells lacking the viral DNA element near the AIM2 immune defense gene were infected with virus, their ability to execute an effective immune response was greatly reduced. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- It's likely no accident that innate immune systems reclaimed some of these viral remnants", says Elde. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
- Most commonly, clinically relevant viral encephalitis affects children, young adults, or elderly patients, but the spectrum of involvement depends on the specific viral agent, host immune status, and genetic and environmental factors. (medscape.com)
- The Molecular Basis of Viral DNA Sensing through the cGAS-STING Pathway The innate immune response is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. (grantome.com)
- Viral nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, serve as danger signals that induce potent immune responses in infected cells. (grantome.com)
- In addition, they provide a structural framework for innovative approaches to treat viral diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer by manipulating the innate immune response. (grantome.com)
Encephalitis2
- The use of corticosteroids as an adjunctive therapy for viral encephalitis is controversial and currently being evaluated in a large clinical trial. (medscape.com)
- Because specific therapy for encephalitis is limited and because potentially serious sequelae (or death) may result from HSE, early treatment with acyclovir should be started as soon as possible in all patients with suspected viral encephalitis, pending the results of diagnostic studies. (medscape.com)
Effective viral1
- While effective viral suppression with antiretroviral therapy has been proven to substantially reduce the risk of sexual transmission, a residual risk cannot be excluded. (who.int)
Plasmid DNA production2
- This can be attributed to Increasing R&D and the growing launches of plasmid DNA production platforms. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
- SAN FRANCISCO and COLUMBUS, Ohio - October 10, 2022 - Ray Therapeutics, a biotechnology company developing optogenetic gene therapies for patients with retinal degenerative conditions, and Forge Biologics, a gene therapy-focused contract development and manufacturing organization, announced further collaboration for their manufacturing partnership to include clinical stage plasmid DNA production to support Ray Therapeutics' lead optogenetics gene therapy program, RTx-015, in clinical trials for patients with retinitis pigmentosa. (forgebiologics.com)
Body fluids1
- The results from the mathematical modeling indicated that monkeypox viral DNA persistence in body fluids ranged from 5.7 to 13.5 days. (news-medical.net)
Mutations2
- This page provides information about tests authorized by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the identification and differentiation of specific SARS-CoV-2 mutations and lineages as well as the impact of viral mutations on COVID-19 tests. (fda.gov)
- Molecular, antigen, and serology tests are affected by viral mutations differently due to the inherent design differences of each test. (fda.gov)
Genetic1
- The SARS-CoV-2 virus has mutated over time, resulting in genetic variation in the population of circulating viral strains, also called lineages. (fda.gov)
Serum1
- BeaverBeads animal Viral DNA/RNA Kit (Cat.70416) is suitable for rapid and efficient extraction of viral DNA or RNA from whole blood, serum, plasma, cell-free body fluid, cell culture supernatant virus preservation solution, animal tissue, saliva, swab, environment, etc. (beavermagbeads.com)
Reverse transcriptase1
- As to your second question, it has more to do with the fact that the retroviral reverse transcriptase (which reads RNA and makes DNA) is very error prone . (fluther.com)
Antibodies3
- The resultant RNA: DNA hybrids are captured onto the surface of a microplate well coated with antibodies specific for RNA: DNA hybrids. (cdc.gov)
- Immobilized hybrids are then reacted with alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibodies specific for the RNA: DNA hybrids, and detected with a chemiluminescent substrate. (cdc.gov)
- In contrast, animals that received a sham DNA vaccine (n = 12) had no detectable neutralizing antibodies against IDV, and viral RNA was readily detectable in respiratory tract tissues after intranasal challenge [3 x 10(5) TCID50] with IDV D/OK (n = 6) or D/660 (n = 6). (cdc.gov)
Monkeypox5
- Persistence of monkeypox virus DNA in clinical specimens. (news-medical.net)
- While various body fluid samples have been used to test for monkeypox, there is a shortage of information on how stable the viral DNA remains in these samples. (news-medical.net)
- They used mathematical models such as the parametric Weibull regression, log-normal, and gamma models to estimate the duration for which monkeypox viral DNA could be detected in different body fluid types. (news-medical.net)
- To conclude, the study investigated the stability of monkeypox viral DNA in various types of body fluid samples from monkeypox patients. (news-medical.net)
- They found that monkeypox viral DNA was most stable in urine samples, followed by semen and blood samples, and least stable in skin lesion samples. (news-medical.net)
Endonuclease1
- Once these nucleic acids become broken down, Benzonase ® endonuclease and small DNA fragments can be easily removed by tangential flow filtration. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Transcription1
- Importantly, vaccinated animals were protected against intranasal challenge with IDV [3 x 10(5) 50% tissue culture infective dose(s) (TCID50)] D/OK (n = 6) or D/600 (n = 6), based on the absence of viral RNA in necropsied tissues (5 and 7 days postchallenge) using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR and in situ hybridization. (cdc.gov)
Vaccine1
- A current goal of vaccine development against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is to develop a strategy that stimulates long-lasting memory T-cell responses, and provides immediate cytotoxicity in response to viral challenge. (elsevierpure.com)
Hepatitis1
- Number of facilities that are allocated to viral hepatitis prevention, care and Yes able to offer serological able to offer nucleic acid treatment? (who.int)
Fragments1
- What is the technique used for separation of DNA fragments. (lifeeasy.org)
Lysis1
- Viral lysis of host microbes and virus-mediated HGT can regulate the biogeochemical and nutrient cycles, thus affecting the performance of AS systems. (biomedcentral.com)
Diseases1
- The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the region drives the demand for viral vector and plasmid DNA manufacturing for both research and clinical applications. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
Molecular1
- Using a combination of inhibitors of histone acetylases and deacetylases, siRNAs and RNAseq analysis the overall goal is to delineate the molecular pathways that are crucial for viral propagation. (lido-dtp.ac.uk)
Vector7
- Inclusion of M11L in a DNA vector increases the magnitude of T-cell responses, and promotes the generation of memory T-cells that provide rapid-responding CTL responses. (elsevierpure.com)
- The Plasmid DNA segment accounted for the largest share, by type in the viral vector & plasmid DNA manufacturing market in 2022. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
- By type, the viral vector & plasmid DNA manufacturing market has been further categorized as viral vector and plasmid DNA. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
- The plasmid DNA segment held the largest share of the global viral vector and plasmid DNA manufacturing market in 2022. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
- Based on workflow, the global viral vector and plasmid DNA manufacturing market has been segmented into upstream manufacturing and downstream manufacturing. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
- The North America region catered the largest share of the viral vector and plasmid DNA manufacturing market in 2022. (qatarbusinesstoday.com)
- Forge will provide research-grade and GMP-Pathway plasmid manufacturing services, in addition to adeno-associated viral vector (AAV) process development, scale-up engineering, and cGMP manufacturing services for Ray Therapeutics' program, RTx-015. (forgebiologics.com)
Propagation1
- on the other, it supports the propagation of the viral intruder. (medicalxpress.com)
Host3
- Viral DNA joins host DNA b. (cellsalive.com)
- What are the non-viral methods of introducing foreign DNA into host cell? (lifeeasy.org)
- Gene delivery, the process of introducing foreign DNA into host cells are introduced generally by methods that can be divided into two categories, viral and non-viral. (lifeeasy.org)
Interferons1
- The activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by viral DNA results in the expression of type I interferons, a key family of antiviral cytokines. (grantome.com)
Human4
- I understand they are compelling evidence of human evolution as their viral DNA is inserted in multiple places across hominoid ancestors. (fluther.com)
- Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) DNA is frequently detected was discovered in 2005 by large-scale sequencing in in the upper airways of young children with respiratory nasopharyngeal samples from children ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- What would be the molar concentration of human DNA in a human cell? (lifeeasy.org)
- These findings indicate that there may be other major events in human history that don't show up in the DNA of people living today. (ancient-origins.net)
Enzyme1
- Also, are you aware of any cases of someone lacking the enzyme to stop the viral DNA expression, and thus they have a problem? (fluther.com)
Mutation1
- Wuhan strain will continue to arise, yet not all viral variants generated through mutation of the virus are important or have immediate public health relevance. (who.int)