Dna restriction enzymes. Medical search

Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.

Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.

Enzyme systems containing a single subunit and requiring only magnesium for endonucleolytic activity. The corresponding modification methylases are separate enzymes. The systems recognize specific short DNA sequences and cleave either within, or at a short specific distance from, the recognition sequence to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. Enzymes from different microorganisms with the same specificity are called isoschizomers. EC 3.1.21.4.

Enzyme systems containing three different subunits and requiring ATP, S-adenosylmethionine, and magnesium for endonucleolytic activity to give random double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. They function also as DNA-dependent ATPases and modification methylases, catalyzing the reactions of EC 2.1.1.72 and EC 2.1.1.73 with similar site-specificity. The systems recognize specific short DNA sequences and cleave at sites remote from the recognition sequence. Enzymes from different microorganisms with the same specificity are called isoschizomers. EC 3.1.21.3.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence G/AATTC at the slash. EcoRI is from E coliRY13. Several isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

Systems consisting of two enzymes, a modification methylase and a restriction endonuclease. They are closely related in their specificity and protect the DNA of a given bacterial species. The methylase adds methyl groups to adenine or cytosine residues in the same target sequence that constitutes the restriction enzyme binding site. The methylation renders the target site resistant to restriction, thereby protecting DNA against cleavage.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.

One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence G/GATCC at the slash. BamHI is from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens N. Numerous isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.

One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequence A/AGCTT at the slash. HindIII is from Haemophilus influenzae R(d). Numerous isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Reduction in caloric intake without reduction in adequate nutrition. In experimental animals, caloric restriction has been shown to extend lifespan and enhance other physiological variables.

A reaction that severs one of the covalent sugar-phosphate linkages between NUCLEOTIDES that compose the sugar phosphate backbone of DNA. It is catalyzed enzymatically, chemically or by radiation. Cleavage may be exonucleolytic - removing the end nucleotide, or endonucleolytic - splitting the strand in two.

An enzyme responsible for producing a species-characteristic methylation pattern on adenine residues in a specific short base sequence in the host cell DNA. The enzyme catalyzes the methylation of DNA adenine in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to form DNA containing 6-methylaminopurine and S-adenosyl-L-homocysteine. EC 2.1.1.72.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

A mixture of several closely related glycosidic antibiotics obtained from Actinomyces (or Streptomyces) olivoreticuli. They are used as fluorescent dyes that bind to DNA and prevent both RNA and protein synthesis and are also used as antineoplastic agents.

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

One of the Type II site-specific deoxyribonucleases (EC 3.1.21.4). It recognizes and cleaves the sequences C/CGG and GGC/C at the slash. HpaII is from Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Several isoschizomers have been identified. EC 3.1.21.-.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

Enzyme systems composed of two subunits and requiring ATP and magnesium for endonucleolytic activity; they do not function as ATPases. They exist as complexes with modification methylases of similar specificity listed under EC 2.1.1.72 or EC 2.1.1.73. The systems recognize specific short DNA sequences and cleave a short distance, about 24 to 27 bases, away from the recognition sequence to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. Enzymes from different microorganisms with the same specificity are called isoschizomers. EC 3.1.21.5.

The most abundant form of RNA. Together with proteins, it forms the ribosomes, playing a structural role and also a role in ribosomal binding of mRNA and tRNAs. Individual chains are conventionally designated by their sedimentation coefficients. In eukaryotes, four large chains exist, synthesized in the nucleolus and constituting about 50% of the ribosome. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Viruses whose hosts are bacterial cells.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

Localization of curved DNA and its association with nucleosome phasing in the promoter region of the human estrogen receptor alpha gene. (1/10019)

We determined DNA bend sites in the promoter region of the human estrogen receptor (ER) gene by the circular permutation assay. A total of five sites (ERB-4 to -1, and ERB+1) mapped in the 3 kb region showed an average distance of 688 bp. Most of the sites were accompanied by short poly(dA) x poly(dT) tracts including the potential bend core sequence A2N8A2N8A2 (A/A/A). Fine mapping of the ERB-2 site indicated that this A/A/A and the 20 bp immediate flanking sequence containing one half of the estrogen response element were the sites of DNA curvature. All of the experimentally mapped bend sites corresponded to the positions of DNA curvature as well as to nucleosomes predicted by computer analysis. In vitro nucleosome mapping at ERB-2 revealed that the bend center was located 10-30 bp from the experimental and predicted nucleosome dyad axes. (+info)

Transposition of the autonomous Fot1 element in the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum. (2/10019)

Autonomous mobility of different copies of the Fot1 element was determined for several strains of the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium oxysporum to develop a transposon tagging system. Two Fot1 copies inserted into the third intron of the nitrate reductase structural gene (niaD) were separately introduced into two genetic backgrounds devoid of endogenous Fot1 elements. Mobility of these copies was observed through a phenotypic assay for excision based on the restoration of nitrate reductase activity. Inactivation of the Fot1 transposase open reading frame (frameshift, deletion, or disruption) prevented excision in strains free of Fot1 elements. Molecular analysis of the Nia+ revertant strains showed that the Fot1 element reintegrated frequently into new genomic sites after excision and that it can transpose from the introduced niaD gene into a different chromosome. Sequence analysis of several Fot1 excision sites revealed the so-called footprint left by this transposable element. Three reinserted Fot1 elements were cloned and the DNA sequences flanking the transposon were determined using inverse polymerase chain reaction. In all cases, the transposon was inserted into a TA dinucleotide and created the characteristic TA target site duplication. The availability of autonomous Fot1 copies will now permit the development of an efficient two-component transposon tagging system comprising a trans-activator element supplying transposase and a cis-responsive marked element. (+info)

Mechanisms of double-strand-break repair during gene targeting in mammalian cells. (3/10019)

In the present study, the mechanism of double-strand-break (DSB) repair during gene targeting at the chromosomal immunoglobulin mu-locus in a murine hybridoma was examined. The gene-targeting assay utilized specially designed insertion vectors genetically marked in the region of homology to the chromosomal mu-locus by six diagnostic restriction enzyme site markers. The restriction enzyme markers permitted the contribution of vector-borne and chromosomal mu-sequences in the recombinant product to be determined. The use of the insertion vectors in conjunction with a plating procedure in which individual integrative homologous recombination events were retained for analysis revealed several important features about the mammalian DSB repair process:The presence of the markers within the region of shared homology did not affect the efficiency of gene targeting. In the majority of recombinants, the vector-borne marker proximal to the DSB was absent, being replaced with the corresponding chromosomal restriction enzyme site. This result is consistent with either formation and repair of a vector-borne gap or an "end" bias in mismatch repair of heteroduplex DNA (hDNA) that favored the chromosomal sequence. Formation of hDNA was frequently associated with gene targeting and, in most cases, began approximately 645 bp from the DSB and could encompass a distance of at least 1469 bp. The hDNA was efficiently repaired prior to DNA replication. The repair of adjacent mismatches in hDNA occurred predominantly on the same strand, suggesting the involvement of a long-patch repair mechanism. (+info)

Ataxia, ocular telangiectasia, chromosome instability, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a patient with an unknown breakage syndrome. (4/10019)

An 8 year old boy who had Langerhans cell histiocytosis when he was 15 months old showed psychomotor regression from the age of 2 years. Microcephaly, severe growth deficiency, and ocular telangiectasia were also evident. Magnetic nuclear resonance imaging showed cerebellar atrophy. Alphafetoprotein was increased. Chromosome instability after x irradiation and rearrangements involving chromosome 7 were found. Molecular study failed to show mutations involving the ataxia-telangiectasia gene. This patient has a clinical picture which is difficult to relate to a known breakage syndrome. Also, the relationship between the clinical phenotype and histiocytosis is unclear. (+info)

A restriction endonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus. (5/10019)

A specific endonuclease, Sau 3AI, has been partially purified from Staphylococcus aureus strain 3A by DEAE-cellulose chromatography. The enzyme cleaves adenovirus type 5 DNA many times, SV40 DNA eight times but does not cleave double-stranded phi X174 DNA. It recognizes the sequence (see article) and cleaves as indicated by the arrows. Evidence is presented that this enzyme plays a role in the biological restriction-modification system of Staphylococcus aureus strain 3A. (+info)

Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages SP82, SPO1, and phie: a comparison of DNAs and of peptides synthesized during infection. (6/10019)

The genomes of Bacillus subtilis phages phie, SPO1, and SP82 were compared by DNA-DNA hybridization, analysis of DNA fragments produced by digestion with restriction endonucleases, comparison of the arrays of peptides synthesized during infection, and phage neutralization. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments indicated that about 78% of the SP82 DNA was homologous with SPO1 DNA, whereas 40% of the phie DNA was homologous to either SPO1 or SP82 DNA. Agarose gel electrophoresis was used to compare the molecular weights of DNA fragments produced by cleavage of SP82, SPO1, and phie DNAs with the restriction endonucleases Hae III, Sal I, Hpa II, and Hha I. Digestion of the DNAs with Hae III and Sal I produced only a few fragments, whereas digestion with Hpa II and Hha I yielded 29 to 40 fragments, depending on the DNA and the enzyme. Comparing the Hpa II fragments, 51% of the SP82 fragments had mobilities which matched those of SPO1 fragments, 32% of the SP82 fragments matched the phie fragments, and 34% of the SPO1 fragments matched the phie fragments. Comparing the Hha I digestion products, 62% of the SP82 fragments had mobilities matching the SPO1 fragments, 24% of the SP82 fragments matched the phie fragments, and 22% of the SPO1 fragments matched the phie fragments. Analysis of peptides by electrophoresis on one-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gels showed that approximately 70 phage-specific peptides were synthesized in the first 24 min of each infection. With mobility and the intervals of synthesis as criteria, 66% of the different SP82 peptides matched the SPO1 peptides, 34% of the SP82 peptides matched the phie peptides, and 37% of the SPO1 peptides matched the phie peptides. Phage neutralization assays using antiserum to SP82 yielded K values of 510 for SP82, 240 for SPO1, and 120 for phie. (+info)

Correlated genetic and EcoRI cleavage map of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi105 DNA. (7/10019)

The seven previously identified EcoRI cleavage fragments of phi 105 DNA were ordered with respect to their sites of origin on the phage genome by marker rescue. One fragment, H, did not carry any determinants essential for replication. This fragment was totally missing in a deletion mutant which exhibited a lysogenization-defective phenotype. There is a nonessential region on the phi 105 genome which begins in fragment B, spans fragment H, and ends in fragment F. The size of the nonessential region, as estimated by alterations observed in the fragmentation patterns of deletion mutant DNAs, is approximately 2.7 X 10(6) daltons. Two new EcoRI cleavage fragments with molecular weights of approximately 0.2 X 10(6) were detected by autoradiography of 32P-labeled DNA. These small fragments were not located on the cleavage map. (+info)

Restriction endonuclease mapping of bacteriophage phi105 and closely related temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages rho10 and rho14. (8/10019)

Cleavage maps of the three similar Bacillus subtilis temperate bacteriophages, phi105, rho10, and rho14, were constructed by partial digestion analysis utilizing the restriction endonuclease EcoRI. Comparison of the topography of these maps indicates that all phage DNAs posses cohesive ends and a number of EcoRI restriction sites; the fragments are conserved, and the estimated base substitution/nucleotide divergence between these phages is 0.03 to 0.07 based on conserved fragments or between 0.03 and 0.11 based on conserved cleavage sites. These lines of evidence indicate that phi105, rho10, and rho14 are closely related. Double-enzyme digestion analysis reveals that rho14 DNA has unique SalGI and BglII restriction sites and phi105 DNA has a unique SalGI restriction site, making these phages possible cloning vectors for B. subtilis. (+info)

Types of Adenovirus Infections:

There are over 50 different serotypes of adenoviruses, and each one can cause a specific type of infection. Some of the most common types of adenovirus infections include:

1. Respiratory infections: Adenoviruses can cause upper respiratory tract infections such as bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and pneumonia.
2. Gastrointestinal infections: Adenoviruses can cause gastroenteritis, which is an inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
3. Eye infections: Adenoviruses can cause conjunctivitis, which is an infection of the eye that can lead to redness, swelling, and discharge.
4. Urinary tract infections: Adenoviruses can cause urinary tract infections (UTIs) such as cystitis and pyelonephritis.
5. Inflammatory diseases: Adenoviruses have been linked to certain inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, asthma, and dermatitis.

Symptoms of Adenovirus Infections:

The symptoms of adenovirus infections can vary depending on the type of infection and the age of the individual. Some common symptoms include:

1. Fever
2. Runny nose
3. Sore throat
4. Coughing
5. Diarrhea
6. Vomiting
7. Abdominal pain
8. Headache
9. Fatigue
10. Muscle aches

Diagnosis of Adenovirus Infections:

Adenovirus infections are typically diagnosed based on the symptoms and medical history of the individual. In some cases, a healthcare provider may perform laboratory tests to confirm the presence of the virus. These tests can include:

1. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR): This test detects the genetic material of the virus in a sample of body fluid or tissue.
2. Viral culture: This test involves growing the virus in a laboratory setting to confirm its presence.
3. Serology tests: These tests measure the levels of antibodies against the virus in the blood.

Treatment and Prevention of Adenovirus Infections:

There is no specific treatment for adenovirus infections, but supportive care can help manage symptoms. This can include:

1. Rest and hydration: Drinking plenty of fluids and getting enough rest can help the body recover from the infection.
2. Medications: Over-the-counter medications such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen can help relieve fever and pain.
3. Antiviral medications: In severe cases, antiviral medications may be prescribed to help reduce the severity of the infection.

Prevention is key to avoiding adenovirus infections. Here are some ways to prevent the spread of the virus:

1. Hand washing: Frequent hand washing, especially after coming into contact with someone who is sick or touching surfaces that may have the virus on them, can help prevent the spread of the virus.
2. Avoiding close contact: Avoiding close contact with people who are sick can help prevent the spread of the virus.
3. Disinfecting surfaces: Regularly disinfecting surfaces and objects that may have the virus on them can help reduce the risk of infection.
4. Vaccination: There is currently no licensed vaccine available to protect against adenovirus infections, but research is ongoing to develop one.

Conclusion:

Adenovirus infections are common and can cause a range of symptoms, from mild to severe. While there is no specific treatment for the infection, supportive care can help manage symptoms. Prevention is key to avoiding adenovirus infections, and this can be achieved through frequent hand washing, avoiding close contact with people who are sick, regularly disinfecting surfaces, and avoiding sharing personal items. Research is ongoing to develop a vaccine against adenovirus infections.

... along with guide DNA to edit DNA in vitro as artificial restriction enzymes. PfAgo based artificial restriction enzymes were ... Enghiad B, Zhao H (May 2017). "Programmable DNA-Guided Artificial Restriction Enzymes". ACS Synthetic Biology. 6 (5): 752-757. ... April 2020). "DNA punch cards for storing data on native DNA sequences via enzymatic nicking". Nature Communications. 11 (1): ... Because it has been widely known that many viruses have RNA rather than DNA as their genetic material and go through at least ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonaute

The work of Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer in E. coli, using plasmids and restriction enzymes to create recombinant DNA ... E. coli genotypes - OpenWetWare Meselson, M; Yuan, R (1968). "DNA restriction enzyme from E. Coli". Nature. 217 (5134): 1110-4 ... One of the first useful applications of recombinant DNA technology was the manipulation of E. coli to produce human insulin. ... Modified E. coli have been used in vaccine development, bioremediation, and production of immobilised enzymes. E. coli have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli_in_molecular_biology

Restriction enzymes DNA methyltransferases Roberts, Richard J; Vincze Tamas; Posfai Janos; Macelis Dana (Jan 2010). "REBASE--a ... In molecular biology, REBASE is a database of information about restriction enzymes and DNA methyltransferases. REBASE contains ... Enzyme databases, Genetics databases, Restriction enzymes, All stub articles, Biological database stubs). ... database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes". Nucleic Acids Res. England. 38 (Database issue): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REBASE_(database)

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with Bst to Bv inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_Bst–Bv

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with Bd to Bp inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_Bd–Bp

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with E to F inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_E–F

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with Bsa to Bso inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_Bsa–Bso

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... "Pseudocomplementary PNAs as selective modifiers of protein activity on duplex DNA: the case of type IIs restriction enzymes". ... "Restriction endonuclease cleavage of 5-methyl-deoxycytosine hemimethylated DNA at high enzyme-to-substrate ratios". Nucleic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_Ba–Bc

The classical restriction enzymes cut up, and hence render harmless, any unknown (non-cellular) DNA that enters a bacterial ... Restriction Enzyme Database. Wikidata has the property: cutting site of restriction enzyme (P4864) (see uses) Biology portal ... Alphabetical list of enzymes and their restriction sites: "GenScript Restriction Enzyme webpage". Archived from the original on ... General information about restriction sites and biochemical conditions for restriction reactions: "Restriction Enzymes Resource ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with T to Z inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_T–Z

Source: Organism that naturally produces the enzyme. Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to ... REBASE Number: Number used to identify restriction enzymes in the REBASE restriction enzyme database. This database includes ... The following information is given for each enzyme: Name of Restriction Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_A

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with G to K inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_G–K

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with L to N inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_L–N

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with O to R inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_O–R

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with Bsp to Bss inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_Bsp–Bss

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with S. It contains approximately 130 ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_S

Some restriction enzymes cut DNA at a restriction site in a manner which leaves no overhang, called a blunt end. Blunt ends are ... because restriction enzymes usually bind as homodimers), and a particular restriction enzyme may cut the sequence between two ... Restriction sites, or restriction recognition sites, are located on a DNA molecule containing specific (4-8 base pairs in ... "REBASE-a database for DNA restriction and modification: enzymes, genes and genomes". Nucleic Acids Research. 43 (D1): D298-D299 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_site

Recognition sequence: Sequence of DNA recognized by the enzyme and to which it specifically binds. Cut: Cutting site and DNA ... "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Res. 31 (7 ... This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with C to D inclusive. It contains ... Further reading: see the section "Nomenclature" in the article "Restriction enzyme".) PDB code: Code used to identify the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_restriction_enzyme_cutting_sites:_C–D

The specific restriction enzyme cleaves the genomic DNA at random points, and generates recognition sites. The DNA fragment to ... Restriction enzyme mediated integration (abbreviated as REMI) is a technique for integrating DNA (linearised plasmid) into the ... "Tagging developmental genes in Dictyostelium by restriction enzyme-mediated integration of plasmid DNA". Proceedings of the ... using the said same restriction enzyme and the mix injected into the cell followed by a successful insertion of a DNA fragment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_enzyme_mediated_integration

... it is a commonly used restriction enzyme. It creates blunt ends. The enzyme recognizes the palindromic 6-base DNA sequence 5'- ... Zahran, M., Daidone, I., Smith, J. C., & Imhof, P. (2010). Mechanism of DNA recognition by the restriction enzyme EcoRV. ... Binding of the enzyme induces a conformational change in the DNA, bending it by about 50°. DNA bending results in the ... EcoRI, another nuclease enzyme from E. coli. EcoRII, another nuclease enzyme from E. coli. FokI, a nuclease enzyme from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EcoRV

Nobel prizes for the studies on DNA restriction enzymes]". Postepy Biochem. 25 (2): 251-3. PMID 388391. Desiderio, S; Boyer S ( ... He shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application in ... Brownlee, Christen; Nathans, D (April 2005). "Danna and Nathans: Restriction enzymes and the boon to modern molecular biology ... restriction mapping. Nathans was born in Wilmington, Delaware, the last of nine children born to Russian Jewish immigrant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Nathans

Nobel prizes for the studies on DNA restriction enzymes". Postepy Biochemii. 25 (2): 251-3. ISSN 0032-5422. PMID 388391. Berg, ... Their work would lead to the development of recombinant DNA technology. Arber studied chemistry and physics at the Swiss ... Werner Arber shared the 1978 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for the discovery of restriction endonucleases. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Arber

Genomic DNA is fragmented using blunt-ended restriction enzyme digestion. Following digestion, fragmented DNA is purified and ... After DNA replication is initiated, rNMPs can be fully incorporated into DNA by DNA polymerases and this represents the major ... Primarily, ribonucleotides are incorporated into DNA during the DNA synthesis process. To initiate DNA replication, short RNA ... DNA). The first discovery of ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs) embedded into DNA was in mitochondrial DNA from mouse and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribose-seq

1970 - Hamilton Smith and Daniel Nathans discovered DNA restriction enzymes. 1970 - Howard Temin and David Baltimore ... 1955 - Arthur Kornberg discovered DNA polymerase enzymes. 1958 - John Gurdon used nuclear transplantation to clone an African ... 1952 - Rosalind Franklin concluded that DNA is a double helix with a diameter of 2 nm and the sugar-phosphate backbones on the ... 1948 - Erwin Chargaff showed that in DNA the number of guanine units equals the number of cytosine units and the number of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_biology_and_organic_chemistry

v t e (Restriction enzymes, DNA, All stub articles, Enzyme stubs). ... Star activity is the relaxation or alteration of the specificity of restriction enzyme mediated cleavage of DNA that can occur ... The latter condition is of particular practical interest, since commercial restriction enzymes are usually supplied in a buffer ... Star Activity - New England Biolabs Star Activity (Relaxation of Specificity) - Fermentas Star activity of restriction enzymes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_activity

This is usually accomplished using restriction enzymes (enzymes that cut DNA). A partial restriction digest cuts only some of ... For known DNA sequences, restriction enzymes that cut the DNA on either side of the gene can be used. Gel electrophoresis then ... In 1970 Hamilton Smiths lab discovered restriction enzymes, enabling scientists to isolate genes from an organism's genome. DNA ... Important advances included the discovery of restriction enzymes, DNA ligases, and the development of polymerase chain reaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_engineering_techniques

"A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their genes". Nucleic Acids Research. ... Richard J. Roberts on Nobelprize.org including the Nobel Lecture An Amazing Distortion in DNA Induced by a Methyltransferase ( ... The realisation that individual genes could exist as separate, disconnected segments within longer strands of DNA first arose ... a co-discoverer of the structure of DNA and a fellow Nobel laureate. In 1977, he published his discovery of RNA splicing. In ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_J._Roberts

Roberts, R. J. (2003-04-01). "A nomenclature for restriction enzymes, DNA methyltransferases, homing endonucleases and their ... Prior to her research, this junk DNA was only known to occur in more complex organisms. Her research then determined that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marlene_Belfort

The PstI restriction/modification (R/M) system has two components: a restriction enzyme that cleaves foreign DNA, and a ... PstI is a useful enzyme for DNA cloning as it provides a selective system for generating hybrid DNA molecules. These hybrid DNA ... It is also an isoschizomer restriction enzyme SalPI from Streptomyces albus P. PstI preferentially cleaves purified pSM1 DNA ... "PstI". Carter, Jacqueline (1980). "A Comparison of DNA Cleavage By the Restriction Enzymes SalPI and PstI". Nucleic Acids ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PstI

One such method for sequence extraction is the use restriction enzymes, specifically endonuclease, which modifies the DNA ... This enzyme can be used with DNA ligase (connecting two different DNA), modifying DNA by inserting DNA from other organism. ... "Highlights of the DNA cutters: a short history of the restriction enzymes". Nucleic Acids Research. 42 (1): 3-19. doi:10.1093/ ... The SNPs that relate to ancestry are often traced to the Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA because both of these areas are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestry-informative_marker

... and in searching for protein-DNA interactions using specially-constructed DNA libraries with randomised segments. Recently, ... The size restriction seems to have less to do with structural impediment caused by the added section and more to do with the ... It is used for finding new ligands (enzyme inhibitors, receptor agonists and antagonists) to target proteins. The technique is ... In the case of M13 filamentous phage display, the DNA encoding the protein or peptide of interest is ligated into the pIII or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

Same faith occurred uvrA, uvrB and uvrC, genes encoding for excision enzymes involved in the repair damaged DNA due to UV ... Moran NA, Plague GR (2004). "Genomic changes following host restriction in bacteria". Current Opinion in Genetics & Development ... genome sizes Human genome Junk DNA List of sequenced eukaryotic genomes Non-coding DNA Plant DNA C-values Database Selfish DNA ... Some single-celled organisms have much more DNA than humans, for reasons that remain unclear (see non-coding DNA and C-value ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genome_size

Lecossier D, Bouchonnet F, Clavel F, Hance AJ (May 2003). "Hypermutation of HIV-1 DNA in the absence of the Vif protein". ... 26S proteasome non-ATPase regulatory subunit 7, also known as 26S proteasome non-ATPase subunit Rpn8, is an enzyme that in ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... Ermolaeva MA, Dakhovnik A, Schumacher B (Jan 2015). "Quality control mechanisms in cellular and systemic DNA damage responses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD7

Two enzymes facilitate the production of such recombinant DNA molecules: 1. Restriction Enzymes Restriction enzymes are ... For each restriction enzyme, bacteria also produce a modification enzyme so that a host bacterium's own DNA is protected from ... For this reason, most restriction enzymes used in DNA cloning make staggered cuts in the DNA strands to create sticky ends. The ... 2. DNA ligase During normal DNA replication, DNA ligase catalyzes end-to-end joining (ligation) of short fragments of DNA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(cell_biology)

... are due to defective DNA repair enzymes. It is believed that the impact of alcohol on aging can be partly explained by ... The discovery, in 1934, that calorie restriction can extend lifespan by 50% in rats, and the existence of species having ... Horvath S (2013). "DNA methylation age of human tissues and cell types". Genome Biology. 14 (10): R115. doi:10.1186/gb-2013-14- ... Pan MR, Li K, Lin SY, Hung WC (May 2016). "Connecting the Dots: From DNA Damage and Repair to Aging". International Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

Upon the presence of the 5α-reductase enzyme, testosterone is converted to dihydrotestosterone (i.e. DHT). If DHT is present, ... These processes are initiated and regulated by biological metabolites such as DNA, hormones and proteins. The initial steps of ... In males, this includes severe early-onset intrauterine growth restriction, isolated hypospadias, congenital hypogonadotropic ... ratio of precursor metabolites within measured urine concentrations and the resultant products produced indicates the enzyme is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sexual_anomalies

The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of the polar bear diverged from the brown bear roughly 150,000 years ago. Further, some clades of ... Conn, P. B.; Silber, G. K. (2013). "Vessel speed restrictions reduce risk of collision-related mortality for North Atlantic ... biologists at the University of Pittsburgh showed that the ancestors of many marine mammals stopped producing a certain enzyme ... Waits, L. P.; Talbot, S. L.; Ward, R. H.; Shields, G. F. (2008). "Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeography of the North American Brown ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_mammal

In persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the enzymes that normally repair 8-oxoG DNA damages in the mtDNA of spinal ... "Dietary restriction modulates mitochondrial DNA damage and oxylipin profile in aged rats". The FEBS Journal. 289 (18): 5697- ... Mitochondrial DNA is replicated by the DNA polymerase gamma complex which is composed of a 140 kDa catalytic DNA polymerase ... Mitochondrial DNA is only a small portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell; most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA

... the expression of transcription factors that in turn promote the expression of S cyclins and of enzymes required for DNA ... The deciding point is called check point (Restriction point). This check point is called the restriction point or START and is ... If the DNA is damaged, p53 will either repair the DNA or trigger the apoptosis of the cell. If p53 is dysfunctional or mutated ... DNA replication occurs during the C period. The D period refers to the stage between the end of DNA replication and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_cycle

Twenty-four products were tested by DNA barcoding as part of the investigation, with all but five containing DNA that did not ... Certain herbs as well as common fruit interfere with cytochrome P450, an enzyme critical to much drug metabolism. In a 2018 ... federal restrictions for marketing herbs as cures for medical conditions, or essentially practicing as an unlicensed physician ... 2012). "Deep sequencing of plant and animal DNA contained within traditional Chinese medicines reveals legality issues and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbal_medicine

Restriction enzymes digest portions of the DNA, leaving short fragments. These fragments are sorted through gel electrophoresis ... List of DNA banks by Global Genome Biodiversity Network[permanent dead link] NIAS DNA bank RBG Kew DNA bank DNA Bank Network ... Some DNA banks also store the DNA of rare or endangered species to ensure their survival. The DNA bank can be used to compare ... The Human DNA Bank India at Lucknow city, the Asia's first Human DNA Bank takes the DNA of common public, stores it for 50 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_bank

After the discovery of the genetic code and such tools of cloning as restriction enzymes, the avenues of investigation open to ... Genes are a fundamental part of DNA that is aligned linearly on a eukaryotic chromosome. Chemical information that is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_genetics

Using proprietary DNA extraction and cloning technologies, they were able to isolate the cellulose-degrading enzymes. By ... A major restriction hampering sales of E85 flex vehicles or fuelling with E85, is the limited infrastructure available to sell ... Currently, these expensive enzymes cost about 25 cents per gallon of ethanol, although this price is very likely to decline by ... Consider: Finding a bacterium from a cow's intestinal tract or from elephant dung that has the correct enzyme to degrade ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biofuel_in_the_United_States

The homing endonucleases are a special type of restriction enzymes encoded by introns or inteins. They act on the cellular DNA ... New England Biolabs enzyme finder. Alphabetical list of enzymes and their restriction sites: "GenScript Restriction Enzyme ... List of restriction enzyme cutting sites. Homing endonuclease. Restriction enzyme. Introns and inteins. Intragenomic conflict: ... General information about restriction sites and biochemical conditions for restriction reactions: "Restriction Enzymes Resource ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_homing_endonuclease_cutting_sites

... a DNA treatment with restriction enzymes that cut on both sides of the region of interest is necessary. The fragments obtained ... Pairs of probes are hybridized to the sample DNA, with each probe pair designed to query for the presence of a particular DNA ... The process consists of multiple steps: The sample DNA is denatured, resulting in single-stranded sample DNA. ... The signal strengths of the probes are compared with those obtained from a reference DNA sample known to have two copies of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_ligation-dependent_probe_amplification

The genomic DNA of eukaryotes associates with histones to form chromatin. The level of chromatin compaction depends heavily on ... This interplay between the pre-SET domain and the catalytic core is critical for enzyme function. In order for the reaction to ... The differences in methylation patterns of PRMTs arise from restrictions in the arginine binding pocket. The catalytic domain ... Wei S, Li C, Yin Z, Wen J, Meng H, Xue L, Wang J (2018). "Histone methylation in DNA repair and clinical practice: new findings ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_methyltransferase

Diffusion restriction is instrumental in identifying and characterizing central gland lesions. Combined diffusion-weighted (DW ... 5-LOX, whose crystal structure was recently identified (118), is a key enzyme in metabolizing arachidonic acid to leukotrienes ... tumour hypoxia and DNA damage. The gene changes consistently observed in MRI-visible tumours include loss of tumour suppressor ... Medications that target this enzyme are undergoing development. In particular, arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors produce ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Historically, the markers originally used were detectable phenotypes (enzyme production, eye colour) derived from coding DNA ... confirmed or assumed noncoding DNA sequences such as microsatellites or those generating restriction fragment length ... two enzymes employed in DNA synthesis. Recombination is reduced (linkage increased) by mutations in genes that encode proteins ... This result provided evidence for the key idea that the gene has a linear structure equivalent to a length of DNA with many ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_linkage

... dan amplified ribosomul DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA). MSc thesis, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor. Yogiara, A. Suwanto ... In situ enzyme activity in the dissolved and particulate fraction of the fluid from four pitcher plant species of the genus ... Analisis komunitas bakteri cairan kantung semar (Nepenthes spp.) menggunakan teknik terminal restriction fragment length ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nepenthes_ampullaria

... restriction enzyme - retinoblastoma protein - retinoic acid receptor - retinol-binding protein - retroelement - retroviridae ... DNA - DNA fragmentation - DNA replication - DNA sequence - DNA topology - DNA transposable element - DNA virus - DNA-binding ... RNA-directed DNA polymerase - rod outer segment - rough ER sarcoplasmic reticulum - satellite DNA - scientific notation - SDS- ... cyclic AMP-responsive DNA-binding protein - cyclic electron flow - cyclic nucleotide - cyclic peptide - cyclin - cyclin A - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

DNA polymerase gamma is the enzyme that replicates mitochondrial DNA. A mouse mutant with a defect in this DNA polymerase is ... In rodents, caloric restriction slows aging and extends lifespan. At least 4 studies have shown that caloric restriction ... In contrast to DNA damage, a mutation is a change in the base sequence of the DNA. A mutation cannot be recognized by enzymes ... If a DNA repair protein is deficient, unrepaired DNA damages tend to accumulate. Such accumulated DNA damages appear to cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging

Methods have been developed for the differentiation between ovine and bovine strains of H. somni, including restriction enzyme ... Diagnosis can be made by testing blood, cerebrospinal fluids, joint or pleural fluids for bacterial DNA via PCR or bacterial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histophilus_somni

Poxvirus is unique from other DNA viruses in respect to its locale of replication in the cell. Poxvirus replicates in the ... Late viral genes are now being transcribed (most encode for structural proteins, enzymes and transcriptions factors) and are ... terminally located genes that have been shown to encode a diverse array of proteins involved in host range restriction. ... The concatameric intermediates produced earlier are now resolved into double strand DNA and packaged in the late viral proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkeypox_virus

... pathways can induce enzymes such as the COX-2 enzyme. MAPK pathways may also play a role in the regulation of PTGS2. Growth ... The point where mitogens are no longer needed to move the cell cycle forward is called the "restriction point" and depends on ... In normal cells, anti-mitogenic signaling as a result of DNA damage, preventing the cells from replicating and dividing. Tumor ... Mitogens act primarily by influencing a set of proteins which are involved in the restriction of progression through the cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen

... this process can assemble and clone multiple inserts into any vector and requires no restriction enzyme digestion, ligation, or ... In DNA replication, RNA primers must be inserted along the lagging strand so that DNA polymerase is able to synthesize the ... One side of the ring is large enough to admit double stranded DNA, but the other end can only accommodate single stranded DNA, ... Beta binds to the resulting single stranded 3' end and incorporates it into the target DNA to form the recombinant DNA. Phage λ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-SCAR_(Scarless_Cas9_Assisted_Recombineering)_Genome_Editing

One version was created by digestion of the gene with the restriction enzyme Bal2, which results in a protein consisting of ... much like plasmid and mitochondrial DNA.[citation needed] Further investigation found that [PSI+] is the result of a self- ... These strains cannot synthesize adenine due to a nonsense mutation in one of the enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_prion

Genomic DNA was digested with both methylation-sensitive and insensitive restriction enzymes recognizing the same restriction ... Further complications could arise when incomplete digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes generated false negative results. DNA ... in which one set of genomic DNA is digested with methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and a parallel set of DNA is not ... As its name implies, DNA methylation is the process by which a methyl group is added to DNA. The enzymes responsible for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epigenomics

Brown WM (June 1980). "Polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA of humans as revealed by restriction endonuclease analysis". Proc. ... A.C.Wilson and N.O.Kaplan (1963) Enzymes and nucleic acids in systematics. Proceedings of the XVI International Congress of ... For ancient DNA, in which the DNA is highly degraded, the number of copies of DNA is helpful in extending and bridging short ... In 1984 the first DNA sequence from an extinct animal was done. Sibley and Ahlquist apply DNA-DNA hybridization technology to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_anthropology

DNA Restriction Enzymes. Genentech Kidney. tech / technology / AI / future / futuristic / robot. Keywords: Conceptual, Digital ...

https://www.directoryofillustration.com/illustration_image_details.aspx?AID=17199&IID=380983

... kit dna ancestry dna hr block dna hrblock login dna painter dna replication enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay elisa enzyme ... kit dna ancestry dna hr block dna hrblock login dna painter dna replication enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay elisa enzyme ... enzyme linked immunoassay enzymes are typically which type biomolecule enzymes control enzymes test enzymes testing enzyme that ... enzyme linked immunoassay enzymes are typically which type biomolecule enzymes control enzymes test enzymes testing enzyme that ...

https://www.todaytopics.com/dead-cas9-sgrna-complex-shelters-vulnerable-dna-restriction-enzyme-sites-from-cleavage-for-cloning-applications/

The amplified DNA product was digested by restriction enzymes. Analysis of digested DNA was performed by electrophoresis. ... Typing of Chlamydia trachomatis by restriction endonuclease analysis of the amplified major outer membrane protein gene. J Clin ... all stored rectal specimens were analyzed by using a nested omp1 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/3/04-0621

The plasmid construct was confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. ... The amplified PCR product was digested using HpaI and BamHI restriction enzymes and ligated into HpaI and BamHI site of pHIV- ... 11) and DNA sequencing (Supplementary Fig. 12) using previously published primers (Forward: 5′- CATTCTGTCACCCTTAGAAGCC-3′; ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-021-01682-5?error=cookies_not_supported&code=ceeb60d8-200c-4c31-9125-0a7cda12aaae

DNA Reading frame display 40 8.3. DNA Restriction enzyme mapping 41 8.4. Translation 43 8.5 Protein Tools 44 9. BIOLOGY ... Reformatting from RNA, DNA, MSF or other 28 5.7. Reformatting from other sequence formats 28 6. BIOLOGY Get sequence from the ... BIOLOGY The world of patterns 58 12.1 DNA pattern searching 58 12.2. Protein pattern searching 59 12.3 Searching with a profile ...

http://bio.net/hypermail/INFO-GCG/1993-August/000090.html

DNA1. *DNA Restriction Enzymes1. *DNA, Recombinant1. *Guidelines as Topic1 ... enzymes ✖ Remove constraint Exhibit Tags: enzymes Exhibit Tags biographical ✖ Remove constraint Exhibit Tags: biographical ...

https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/pd/catalog?f%5Bexhibit_tags%5D%5B%5D=enzymes&f%5Bexhibit_tags%5D%5B%5D=biographical&f%5Breadonly_genre_ssim%5D%5B%5D=Letters+%28correspondence%29&per_page=100&search_field=all_fields&sort=readonly_title_ssim+asc&view=masonry

The first step is purification of DNA from a culture of M. tuberculosis. A restriction enzyme is added that cuts the DNA at ... Isolation of DNA is laborious, there is a high failure rate, and the procedure often must be repeated. It is common for 10%-25 ... Strains can differ in both the number of copies of IS6110 and the positions of IS6110 in the bacterial DNA (van Embden 1993). ... IS6110-based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP). IS6110-based RFLP genotyping detects variations generated by the ...

https://www.cdc.gov/tb/programs/genotyping/chap3/3_cdclab_2description.htm

Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that several restriction enzymes could degrade DNA from both phages. The morphological ... genome size, and restriction endonuclease similarities between AR1 and phage T4 were striking. Southern hybridizations showed ...

http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=Collins&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&D1=10&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&PageNo=41&RecNo=402&View=f&

After incubation, the reaction mixture is transferred to the Amplification Microwell, which contains two enzymes (a DNA ... polymerase and a restriction endonuclease) necessary for SDA. The Amplification Microwells are sealed to prevent contamination ... The BDProbeTec CT Chlamydia trachomatis Amplified DNA Assays are based on the simultaneous amplification and detection of ... target DNA, using amplification primers and a fluorescent labeled detector probe. The Strand Displacement Amplification (SDA) ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/Nchs/Nhanes/limited_access/CHLM_I_R.htm

Digest genomic DNA with restriction enzymes (ex. EcoRI in the figure) and blot to a nylon membrane.. ... Digest the PCR fragment with the restriction enzyme that recognizes the restriction site in the forward primer and clone the ... 4. Linearize the plasmid by restriction enzymes to excise the targeting fragment from the vector and transform protoplasts.. ... 4. Linearize the plasmid by restriction enzymes to excise the targeting fragment from the vector and transform protoplasts.. ...

https://www.nibb.ac.jp/evodevo/PHYSCOmanual/10.1.htm

Recombinant DNA techniques. All restriction enzyme digestions, ligations and other common DNA manipulations, unless otherwise ... Figure 1 Agarose gel electrophoresis of PCR products and plasmid pET-CAT digested with restriction enzymes. Lane 1: DNA marker ... RESULTS: DNA sequence analysis showed that the sequence of catalase DNA was the same as GenBanks research. The catalase ... METHODS: The catalase DNA was amplified from H. pylori chromosomal DNA with PCR techniques and inserted into the prokaryotie ...

https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v9/i5/1119.htm

... was constructed using the genomic DNA of 92R137 digested with restriction enzymes HindIII and BamHI. The BAC library was ... was constructed using the genomic DNA of 92R137 digested with restriction enzymes HindIII and BamHI. The BAC library was ... The probability of identifying a clone corresponding to any wheat DNA sequence (such as gene Yr26 for stripe rust resistance) ... The probability of identifying a clone corresponding to any wheat DNA sequence (such as gene Yr26 for stripe rust resistance) ...

https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=307505

... allele-specific restriction enzyme) analysis. Simsek, S., Faber, N.M., Bleeker, P.M., Vlekke, A.B., Huiskes, E., Goldschmeding ... Determination of human platelet antigen frequencies in the Dutch population by immunophenotyping and DNA ( ... Progesterone receptor gene restriction fragment length polymorphisms in human breast tumors. Fuqua, S.A., Hill, S.M., Chamness ... Shifts in angiotensin I converting enzyme insertion allele frequency across Europe: implications for Alzheimers disease risk. ...

https://www.wikigenes.org/e/mesh/e/1500.html

Figure 1 Detection of the HFE C282Y mutation by PCR-RFLP with C282Y primers and digested with restriction enzyme Rsa1. Lane M: ... A 3mL blood sample was collected into EDTA vacutainers for genomic DNA analysis by polymerase chain reaction-restriction ... Figure 2 Detection of the HFE H63D mutation by PCR-RFLP with H63D primers and digested with restriction enzyme Bcl1. Lane M: ... Figure 3 Detection of the HFE S65C mutation by PCR-RFLP with S65C primers and digested with restriction enzyme Hinf1. Lane M: ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-17/issue-6/article13.html

... restriction enzyme/DNA complex, 1rva ]] Presentation 4/11/12 Draft due 4/4 ... "Target site recognition along the DNA Minor Groove by EcoRV endonuclease restriction enzyme" ... Louis Pires nominates the scene "DNA" with the caption "Cisplatin binding bends DNA creating a new direction in cancer research ... Gina Lein nominates the scene "DNA" with the caption "HMG-Protein kinks DNA further leading to tumor cell death." ...

https://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/Student_Projects_for_UMass_Chemistry_423_Spring_2012

Which restriction enzyme produced the most restriction sites on the lambda DNA? ... for Lambda DNA uncut.. *Using table below, add reagents to each tube in this order: DNA, restriction buffer, water, and enzymes ... Digest DNA with restriction endonucleases (keep all enzymes on ice). *Label four 1.5ml tubes, in which you will perform ... Why use 3 different restriction enzymes to cut DNA?. *How can you account for differences in band separation and intensity ...

https://bio.libretexts.org/Learning_Objects/Laboratory_Experiments/Microbiology_Labs/Microbiology_Labs_I/52%3A_DNA_Restriction_and_Electrophoresis

... enzymatic amplification of target sequences in genomic DNA followed by restriction endonuclease assay with an enzyme DdeI was ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36550728/

DNA restriction enzyme used as a DNA marker: coord probably NIM with GENETIC MARKER (IM). ... Enzyme de restriction. Enzyme de restriction de lADN. Code(s) darborescence:. D08.811.150.280. D08.811.277.352.335.350.300. ... The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in ... Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/fr/ths/resource/?id=23985&filter=ths_exact_term&q=ENZIMAS+DE+RESTRICCION+DEL+ADN

... restriction enzyme digestion, ELISA, bacterial transformation, DNA sequencing and microarrays.. Prerequisites. Academic Plan ... Other topics will include transcription, translation, DNA replication, DNA repair, genomics, and proteomics. A significant ... of molecular diagnostic principles and will be proficient in molecular diagnostic laboratory techniques including DNA ...

https://www.uml.edu/catalog/undergraduate/health-sciences/departments/biomedical-nutritional/course-listing.aspx

Chimeric constructs were generated by standard molecular cloning using restriction enzymes and Q5 DNA polymerase-assisted PCR ( ... Point mutations were generated by the Quikchange method (Stratagene, CA) using the KOD Hot Start DNA polymerase (Novagen, END ... Alternatively, the bound antibodies were quantified using a colorimetric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Briefly, after ... which contains the DNA sequences for the PTPa signal sequence, N-terminal hexahistidine and Strep tags, and the cleavage ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/19058

Typically, restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules at positions characterized by some particular short nucleotide base sequence ... Therefore, the first discovery of a restriction enzyme in 1970 by Wilcox and Smith provided a practical method of cleaving DNA ... Therefore, as indicated above, restriction enzymes are generally used to prepare an initial raw sample of DNA by breaking it ... Indeed, it was found soon after the discovery of restriction enzymes that the distribution of DNA fragments produced is ...

https://web.pdx.edu/~davide/gene/genetics.htm

... are man-made restriction enzymes useful for manipulating genomes by cleaving target DNA sequences. ZFNs allow therapeutic gene ... Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) are man-made restriction enzymes useful for manipulating genomes by cleaving target DNA sequences ... Choo Y, Klug A: Selection of DNA binding sites for zinc fingers using rationally randomized DNA reveals coded interactions. ... Cleavage of targeted DNA requires binding of two ZFNs (designated left and right) to adjacent half-sites on opposite strands ...

https://bmcbioinformatics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2105-12-152

All restriction enzymes were from New England Biolabs. In brief, 2 μg DNA was digested with SmaI (methylation sensitive), ... Another aspect of DNA methylation aberrations in cancer is global DNA hypomethylation. In this report, we show that global DNA ... and normal mucosa from the same patients with available genome-wide DNA methylation profiles by Digital Restriction Enzyme ... New DNA Methylation Markers and Global DNA Hypomethylation Are Associated with Oral Cancer Development Jean-Philippe Foy; Jean- ...

https://aacrjournals.org/cancerpreventionresearch/article/8/11/1027/50380/New-DNA-Methylation-Markers-and-Global-DNA

DNA fragments can be obtained using restriction enzymes and other processes.. Search. Main menu. Skip to primary content ... The amplified gene sequences were digested with the Nhe I and Age I restriction enzymes and cloned into the expression vector ... VLR expression constructs were transfected into 293T cells using polyethylenimine (PEI) at a ratio of 3 μg PEI:1 μg DNA as ... Enzyme-inactivated JBU was obtained by treating the protein with the active site inhibitor p-hydroxy-mercurybenzoate (Sigma ...

https://ainhibitor.com/2017/11

There are a number of proteins, called restriction enzymes, that cut DNA at known sequences. A subset of these (which Id ... The idea is that a specific enzyme, T4 DNA ligase, will link two neighboring pieces of DNA, but only if theyre base paired ... Building DNA "nanoballs". Both our introduction to DNA sequencing and our tutorial on DNA ligation will be invaluable for ... DNA ligase is used to close the human genomic DNA into a loop that incorporates DNA with a known sequence. That sequence ...

https://arstechnica.com/science/2009/11/complete-genomics-produces-a-cheapwell-5000human-genome/

DNA and Restriction Enzyme Case Study. Mirco Pazzaglia. Anna Ingólfsdóttir and Luca Tesei. Project. ...

https://en.ru.is/st/dcs/student-information/thesis/

Restriction analysis of the DNA was performed, but unfortunately none of the known restriction enzymes recognized the novel ... Journal Article 2004; 25(3): 191-195 PubMed PMID: 15349084 Citation Keywords: Animals, Base Sequence, DNA Primers, Female, Gene ... Case Reports 2011; 32(6): 741-747 PubMed PMID: 22286799 Citation Keywords: Base Sequence, DNA Mutational Analysis, Female, ... This DNA fragment was subjected to a MSSCP analysis.. RESULTS: A different MSSCP pattern was shown which indicates that ...

https://www.nel.edu/journal/search/?keywords=Base%20Sequence

... that DNA synthesizers could easily (they do now) polymerize, that restriction enzymes could cut on a plasmid, that we could ... and the larger problem of predicting tertiary protein structure from analogous DNA code. ...

https://www.unexplained-mysteries.com/forum/topic/199592-scientists-turn-gold-to-purple/

RESULTS: Restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing showed recombinant plasmid constructed successfully. The expression ... DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferase 1 , DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/metabolismo , DNA de Neoplasias/genética , Feminino ... DNA (Citosina-5-)-Metiltransferases/genética , Metilação de DNA , Inativação Gênica , Genes Supressores de Tumor/fisiologia , ... Dano ao DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Endonucleases/metabolismo , Éxons , ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=au:Sun,+Yehong

Analysis of digested DNA was performed by electrophoresis. (cdc.gov)
These changes are due, at least in part, to the emergence of a more virulent C. difficile strain, designated NAP1 (based on its pulsed-field gel electrophoresis [PFGE] pattern), BI (by restriction endonuclease analysis [REA]), toxinotype III (by PCR characterization of the pathogenicity locus), and 027 (by PCR ribotyping) ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)

After incubation, the reaction mixture is transferred to the Amplification Microwell, which contains two enzymes (a DNA polymerase and a restriction endonuclease) necessary for SDA. (cdc.gov)
A total of 41 β-thalassaemia carriers and 40 control subjects without haemoglobinopathies were screened for the C282Y, H63D and S65C mutations by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism. (who.int)
If you recall from our first installment , a polymerase supplied with a primer and some nucleotides will start copying the DNA until it runs off the end of a linear piece. (arstechnica.com)
But here, we're dealing with a circular piece-there's no end to run off-and the polymerase will quickly loop around to where it started, running into the double-stranded DNA that it had recently produced. (arstechnica.com)
A Light-Activated DNA Polymerase. (ncsu.edu)
An early-morning sputum sam- encoding the B-subunit of RNA of droplet particles aerosolized from ple was collected from 170 patients polymerase ( rpoB DNA, 342-360 persons infected with Mycobacterium into wide-mouthed plastic contain- base pairs) was the target region for tuberculosis or by consumption of milk ers. (who.int)
The DNA to investigate the polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin, obtained through the technique of polymerase chain reaction, was obtained from the blood serum of the participants. (bvsalud.org)
Materials and Methods: In the present prospective study, Indian population of HNSCC patients (n = 45) were screened for Arg399Gln variant of XRCC1 using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique, prospective evaluation of the patients was done after treatment, and the single-nucleotide polymorphism results were correlated to survival functions. (who.int)

The catalase DNA was amplified from H. pylori chromosomal DNA with PCR techniques and inserted into the prokaryotie expression vector pET-22b (+), and then was transformed into the BL21 (DE3) E. coli strain which expressed catalase recombinant protein. (wjgnet.com)

Restriction endonuclease analysis showed that several restriction enzymes could degrade DNA from both phages. (cdc.gov)

all stored rectal specimens were analyzed by using a nested omp 1 PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism assay. (cdc.gov)
Cases were defined as patients with clinical isolates identified as toxinotype V by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) of toxin-encoding genes. (cdc.gov)

Spacer oligonucleotide typing is a hybridization assay that detects variability in the direct repeat (DR) region in the DNA of M. tuberculosis . (cdc.gov)
Primer-mediated enzymatic amplification of target sequences in genomic DNA followed by restriction endonuclease assay with an enzyme DdeI was carried out for the confirmation. (nih.gov)
All toxinotype V isolates were obtained from patients with a diagnosis of CDAD based on clinical history (e.g., diarrhea) and a positive clinical laboratory test for C. difficile toxin (e.g., cytotoxin assay or enzyme immunoassay). (cdc.gov)

Restriction enzyme-free mutagenesis via the light regulation of DNA polymerization. (ncsu.edu)
The rpoB gene target sequence was amplified using mutagenesis forward and reverse primers followed by Hin dIII enzyme digestion. (who.int)

The size of the homologous genomic DNA fragments can be reduced to less than 1 kb , although the rate of homologous recombination becomes lower. (nibb.ac.jp)
Select restriction sites that do not cut the genomic fragment. (nibb.ac.jp)
Amplify a genomic fragment for the 3' end by PCR using primers having restriction sites at their 5' ends for cloning. (nibb.ac.jp)
Select restriction sites that do not cut the genomic fragment to be cloned. (nibb.ac.jp)
At first, approximately 1 kb genomic DNA fragment of the targeted gene whose 3' end is the start ATG is inserted into the 5' end of a reporter gene. (nibb.ac.jp)
Secondly, a genomic DNA fragment covering the entire coding region of the targeted gene (from the second codon just after its putative start codon to the putative stop codon) is inserted at the 3' end of the reporter gene to make a translational fusion product. (nibb.ac.jp)
The ability to create double-stranded DNA breaks at specific genomic sequences is important for gene correction therapeutics, targeted gene integration and gene modification for research models as well as gene disruption [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Now, they've got a known bit of DNA that they can start sequencing from linked to their unknown genomic DNA. (arstechnica.com)
With that, they switch to EcoP15 I , and add a fourth and final insert, closing a circle that now has four pieces of known sequence separated by two 13 and two 26 base long inserts of genomic DNA. (arstechnica.com)
DNA ligase is used to close the human genomic DNA into a loop that incorporates DNA with a known sequence. (arstechnica.com)

Three DNA fragments are inserted into the cloning vector (Fig. 1b). (nibb.ac.jp)
Au total, 41 porteurs d'une β-thalassémie et 40 sujets témoins ne présentant aucune hémoglobinopathie ont participé à cette étude visant à examiner les mutations C282Y, H63D et S65C du gène HFE par la méthode du polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction d'ADN amplifié. (who.int)
DNA fragments can be obtained using restriction enzymes and other processes. (ainhibitor.com)
The system described in the paper combines some clever variants of well known molecular biology techniques to read massive amounts of DNA fragments that are, in total, about 65 bases long. (arstechnica.com)

DNA-free genome modifying was used to induce mutations in a single or two branching enzyme genes (Sbe) in tetraploid potato to develop starch with an elevated amylose ratio and elongated amylopectin chains. (todaytopics.com)
The morphological, genome size, and restriction endonuclease similarities between AR1 and phage T4 were striking. (cdc.gov)
The authors start by taking a complete genome, and using ultrasound to fragment the DNA into linear pieces that, on average, are about 450 base pairs long. (arstechnica.com)

Include restriction sites at the 5' end of the primers for cloning. (nibb.ac.jp)
The BDProbeTec CT Chlamydia trachomatis Amplified DNA Assays are based on the simultaneous amplification and detection of target DNA, using amplification primers and a fluorescent labeled detector probe. (cdc.gov)
The first steps in preparing the DNA for sequencing involve linking short stretches of DNA with a series of known primers in a small circle. (arstechnica.com)

Restriction enzyme digestion of host DNA enhances universal detection of parasitic pathogens in blood via targeted amplicon deep sequencing. (cdc.gov)

También se han usado como herramientas en la disección sistemática y la cartografía de los cromosomas, en la determinación de la secuencia de bases de ADN, y han hecho posible cortar y recombinar genes de un organismo en el genoma de otro. (bvsalud.org)
Polymorphisms in DNA repair genes are correlated to individuals' susceptibility and progression of cancer. (who.int)

Cut the plasmid by restriction enzymes to excise the targeting fragment from the vector and transform protoplasts. (nibb.ac.jp)

In a retrospective study involving 393 Brazilian women, 148 of whom had a confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer and 245 in the control group, the researchers performed DNA extraction, amplification via PCR and the study of the incidence of different polymorphisms, noting that there was no statistically significant relationship between the Lysyl Oxidase gene G473A polymorphism and breast cancer. (bvsalud.org)

They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. (bvsalud.org)
Zinc Finger Nucleases (ZFNs) are man-made restriction enzymes useful for manipulating genomes by cleaving target DNA sequences. (biomedcentral.com)
There are a number of proteins, called restriction enzymes, that cut DNA at known sequences. (arstechnica.com)
So, the authors include recognition sequences for an enzyme called Acu I in their insert, and use it to open their loop about a dozen bases away. (arstechnica.com)

Right here, we present that dCas9 and single-guide RNA preassembled to kind ribonucleoprotein dCas9-sgRNA (known as dRNP) is able to particularly and reversibly blocking the exercise of DNA cleavage by restriction enzymes (REs). (todaytopics.com)
We present that the inhibition of RE actions happens when the popularity or the cleavage web site of the DNA is overlapped by the sgRNA or the protospacer adjoining motif sequence. (todaytopics.com)
Cleavage of targeted DNA requires binding of two ZFNs (designated left and right) to adjacent half-sites on opposite strands with correct orientation and spacing, thus forming a FokI dimer [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
After cleavage, BseYI can remain bound to DNA and alter its electrophoretic mobility. (snapgene.com)

The results showed that those 2 isolates were multi-drug resistant and the DNA sequencing analysis showed that the alignment of nucleic acid of DNA in isolates of mycobacteria other than M. tuberculosis was different from that of M. tuberculosis complex. (who.int)

The PRPS1 gene provides instructions for making an enzyme called phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1, or PRPP synthetase 1. (medlineplus.gov)
PRPS1 gene overactivity increases the production of normal PRPP synthetase 1 enzyme, which increases the availability of PRPP. (medlineplus.gov)

Some viruses have polymerases that will simply separate the two strands of DNA, and keep copying away, going around the loop until they run out of nucleotides to add (it's a great way to make lots of viruses quickly). (arstechnica.com)

As expected, both the cells that received serum from obese animals and the cells that received serum from animals submitted to caloric restriction responded poorly to higher glucose levels, showing that caloric restriction ceased to protect the pancreas. (fapesp.br)
in the PRPP synthetase 1 enzyme, resulting in a poorly regulated, overactive enzyme. (medlineplus.gov)

Mutations adopted Mendelian inheritance and homozygous and heterozygous mutants missing any T-DNA and off-target results have been screened. (todaytopics.com)
Notre étude a démontré que les mutations du gène HFE sont fréquentes en Égypte chez les porteurs d'une β-thalassémie par rapport aux sujets témoins. (who.int)

see our course website for suggestions and guidelines to find a simple protein-ligand complex (eg protein-drug, nucleic acid-drug, or protein-DNA) with a known structure in the pdb that interests your team. (proteopedia.org)

Sequencing one, or even a few, DNA molecules is always challenging because of the signal-to-noise issue: with fewer molecules, you get less signal, and errors creep in when that signal gets swamped by noise. (arstechnica.com)
We set out to understand how caloric restriction acts on the organism and identify which molecules are involved in order to find targets that can help prevent or treat diseases associated with weight gain and aging," said Kowaltowski, a member of the Center for Research on Redox Processes in Biomedicine (Redoxoma), one of the Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers (RIDCs) funded by FAPESP. (fapesp.br)

Photochemical Regulation of Restriction Endonuclease Activity. (ncsu.edu)

DNA sequence analysis showed that the sequence of catalase DNA was the same as GenBank's research. (wjgnet.com)

Both our introduction to DNA sequencing and our tutorial on DNA ligation will be invaluable for understanding the technique. (arstechnica.com)

Through experiments with photosensitive dyes, the researchers found that the mitochondria of cells treated with serum from animals submitted to caloric restriction exchanged more genetic material and that this somehow made them more efficient. (fapesp.br)

BIOLOGY The world of patterns 58 12.1 DNA pattern searching 58 12.2. (bio.net)

XRCC1 is a DNA repair enzyme. (who.int)

Activating enzymes will cut off the domain that is biological active to become functional. (polabo.com)

1975. [Effect of methyl parathion or zineb administration on the activity of some hepatic enzymes in rats]. (cdc.gov)

The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. (bvsalud.org)

That sequence directs a restriction enzyme to open the loop, allowing a different known sequence to be inserted. (arstechnica.com)

With the newest DNA sequencing technology starting to reach the market, we're seeing a bit of a bifurcation. (arstechnica.com)

These are ligated to a known stretch of DNA, amplified by PCR, and then looped into a circle by ligating the ends of the PCR products. (arstechnica.com)

This is important for removing organelles that aren't working properly and also to exchange enzymes and DNA. (fapesp.br)

Respiration, which triggers the release of insulin when blood sugar rises, was higher in the cells that received serum from the animals submitted to caloric restriction. (fapesp.br)
When whole-virus-lysate enzyme immunosorbent assays (EIAs) were used to screen blood donations from 1985 through 1990, the average length of the window period was 45 days (95% confidence interval {CI}=34- 55 days) (3). (cdc.gov)

They then repeat the process in the opposite direction, bringing the DNA circles up to 3 inserts. (arstechnica.com)

Organisms2

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment13

Phenomena and Processes15

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science2

Localization of curved DNA and its association with nucleosome phasing in the promoter region of the human estrogen receptor alpha gene. (1/10019)

Transposition of the autonomous Fot1 element in the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum. (2/10019)

Mechanisms of double-strand-break repair during gene targeting in mammalian cells. (3/10019)

Ataxia, ocular telangiectasia, chromosome instability, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a patient with an unknown breakage syndrome. (4/10019)

A restriction endonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus. (5/10019)

Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages SP82, SPO1, and phie: a comparison of DNAs and of peptides synthesized during infection. (6/10019)

Correlated genetic and EcoRI cleavage map of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi105 DNA. (7/10019)

Restriction endonuclease mapping of bacteriophage phi105 and closely related temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages rho10 and rho14. (8/10019)

DNA Restriction Enzymes

Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length

Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific

Deoxyribonucleases, Type I Site-Specific

DNA, Bacterial

Restriction Mapping

Base Sequence

Deoxyribonuclease EcoRI

DNA

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

DNA Restriction-Modification Enzymes

Plasmids

DNA, Viral

Electrophoresis, Agar Gel

Deoxyribonuclease BamHI

Deoxyribonuclease HindIII

Polymerase Chain Reaction

DNA, Ribosomal

Molecular Sequence Data

Caloric Restriction

DNA Cleavage

Site-Specific DNA-Methyltransferase (Adenine-Specific)

Cloning, Molecular

DNA Fingerprinting

Genes

Blotting, Southern

Escherichia coli

Bacterial Typing Techniques

DNA, Recombinant

Species Specificity

Chromosome Mapping

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field

Olivomycins

Polymorphism, Genetic

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Deoxyribonuclease HpaII

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Genes, Viral

Adenovirus Infections, Human

Genes, Bacterial

DNA, Circular

Genotype

Deoxyribonucleases, Type III Site-Specific

RNA, Ribosomal

Bacteriophages

Mutation

Genetic Variation

Serotyping

DNA Probes

Localization of curved DNA and its association with nucleosome phasing in the promoter region of the human estrogen receptor alpha gene. (1/10019)

Transposition of the autonomous Fot1 element in the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum. (2/10019)

Mechanisms of double-strand-break repair during gene targeting in mammalian cells. (3/10019)

Ataxia, ocular telangiectasia, chromosome instability, and Langerhans cell histiocytosis in a patient with an unknown breakage syndrome. (4/10019)

A restriction endonuclease from Staphylococcus aureus. (5/10019)

Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages SP82, SPO1, and phie: a comparison of DNAs and of peptides synthesized during infection. (6/10019)

Correlated genetic and EcoRI cleavage map of Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage phi105 DNA. (7/10019)

Restriction endonuclease mapping of bacteriophage phi105 and closely related temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophages rho10 and rho14. (8/10019)

Argonaute

Escherichia coli in molecular biology

REBASE (database)

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bst-Bv

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bd-Bp

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: E-F

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bsa-Bso

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Ba-Bc

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: T-Z

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: A

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: G-K

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: L-N

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: O-R

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bsp-Bss

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: S

Restriction site

List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: C-D

Restriction enzyme mediated integration

EcoRV

Daniel Nathans

Werner Arber

Ribose-seq