Dna complementary. Medical search

Lists of words, usually in alphabetical order, giving information about form, pronunciation, etymology, grammar, and meaning.

Social media model for enabling public involvement and recruitment in participation. Use of social media to collect feedback and recruit volunteer subjects.

The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

A specified list of terms with a fixed and unalterable meaning, and from which a selection is made when CATALOGING; ABSTRACTING AND INDEXING; or searching BOOKS; JOURNALS AS TOPIC; and other documents. The control is intended to avoid the scattering of related subjects under different headings (SUBJECT HEADINGS). The list may be altered or extended only by the publisher or issuing agency. (From Harrod's Librarians' Glossary, 7th ed, p163)

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Techniques of nucleotide sequence analysis that increase the range, complexity, sensitivity, and accuracy of results by greatly increasing the scale of operations and thus the number of nucleotides, and the number of copies of each nucleotide sequenced. The sequencing may be done by analysis of the synthesis or ligation products, hybridization to preexisting sequences, etc.

The branch of psychology which seeks to learn more about the fundamental causes of behavior by studying various psychologic phenomena in controlled experimental situations.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

A synthetic naphthoquinone without the isoprenoid side chain and biological activity, but can be converted to active vitamin K2, menaquinone, after alkylation in vivo.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The science or study of speech sounds and their production, transmission, and reception, and their analysis, classification, and transcription. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

A verbal or nonverbal means of communicating ideas or feelings.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

A genus of the family PARVOVIRIDAE, subfamily PARVOVIRINAE, which are dependent on a coinfection with helper adenoviruses or herpesviruses for their efficient replication. The type species is Adeno-associated virus 2.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Water that emerges to the surface of the earth from underground.

The spectrum of different living organisms inhabiting a particular region, habitat, or biotope.

Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

The gradual destruction of a metal or alloy due to oxidation or action of a chemical agent. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

The variety of all native living organisms and their various forms and interrelationships.

Synthetic transcripts of a specific DNA molecule or fragment, made by an in vitro transcription system. This cRNA can be labeled with radioactive uracil and then used as a probe. (King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Pairing of purine and pyrimidine bases by HYDROGEN BONDING in double-stranded DNA or RNA.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (1/28861)

We have identified a new member of the TGF-beta superfamily, CET-1, from Caenorhabditis elegans, which is expressed in the ventral nerve cord and other neurons. cet-1 null mutants have shortened bodies and male tail abnormal phenotype resembling sma mutants, suggesting cet-1, sma-2, sma-3 and sma-4 share a common pathway. Overexpression experiments demonstrated that cet-1 function requires wild-type sma genes. Interestingly, CET-1 appears to affect body length in a dose-dependent manner. Heterozygotes for cet-1 displayed body lengths ranging between null mutant and wild type, and overexpression of CET-1 in wild-type worms elongated body length close to lon mutants. In male sensory ray patterning, lack of cet-1 function results in ray fusions. Epistasis analysis revealed that mab-21 lies downstream and is negatively regulated by the cet-1/sma pathway in the male tail. Our results show that cet-1 controls diverse biological processes during C. elegans development probably through different target genes. (+info)

Molecular cloning and epitope analysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 3. (2/28861)

Peanut allergy is a significant IgE-mediated health problem because of the increased prevalence, potential severity, and chronicity of the reaction. Following our characterization of the two peanut allergens Ara h 1 and Ara h 2, we have isolated a cDNA clone encoding a third peanut allergen, Ara h 3. The deduced amino acid sequence of Ara h 3 shows homology to 11S seed-storage proteins. The recombinant form of this protein was expressed in a bacterial system and was recognized by serum IgE from approximately 45% of our peanut-allergic patient population. Serum IgE from these patients and overlapping, synthetic peptides were used to map the linear, IgE-binding epitopes of Ara h 3. Four epitopes, between 10 and 15 amino acids in length, were found within the primary sequence, with no obvious sequence motif shared by the peptides. One epitope is recognized by all Ara h 3-allergic patients. Mutational analysis of the epitopes revealed that single amino acid changes within these peptides could lead to a reduction or loss of IgE binding. By determining which amino acids are critical for IgE binding, it might be possible to alter the Ara h 3 cDNA to encode a protein with a reduced IgE-binding capacity. These results will enable the design of improved diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for food-hypersensitivity reactions. (+info)

ETO-2, a new member of the ETO-family of nuclear proteins. (3/28861)

The t(8;21) is associated with 12-15% of acute myelogenous leukemias of the M2 subtype. The translocation results in the fusion of two genes, AML1 (CBFA2) on chromosome 21 and ETO (MTG8) on chromosome 8. AML1 encodes a DNA binding factor; the ETO protein product is less well characterized, but is thought to be a transcription factor. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of ETO-2, a murine cDNA that encodes a new member of the ETO family of proteins. ETO-2 is 75% identical to murine ETO and shares very high sequence identities over four regions of the protein with ETO (domain I-III and zinc-finger). Northern analysis identifies ETO-2 transcripts in many of the murine tissues analysed and in the developing mouse embryo. ETO-2 is also expressed in myeloid and erythroid cell lines. We confirmed the nuclear localization of ETO-2 and demonstrated that domain III and the zinc-finger region are not required for nuclear localization. We further showed that a region within ETO, containing domain II, mediates dimerization among family members. This region is conserved in the oncoprotein AML-1/ETO. The recent identification of another ETO-like protein, myeloid translocation gene-related protein 1, together with the data presented here, demonstrates that at least three ETO proteins exist with the potential to form dimers in the cell nucleus. (+info)

Control of growth and differentiation by Drosophila RasGAP, a homolog of p120 Ras-GTPase-activating protein. (4/28861)

Mammalian Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP), p120 Ras-GAP, has been implicated as both a downregulator and effector of Ras proteins, but its precise role in Ras-mediated signal transduction pathways is unclear. To begin a genetic analysis of the role of p120 Ras-GAP we identified a homolog from the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster through its ability to complement the sterility of a Schizosaccharomyces pombe (fission yeast) gap1 mutant strain. Like its mammalian homolog, Drosophila RasGAP stimulated the intrinsic GTPase activity of normal mammalian H-Ras but not that of the oncogenic Val12 mutant. RasGAP was tyrosine phosphorylated in embryos and its Src homology 2 (SH2) domains could bind in vitro to a small number of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins expressed at various developmental stages. Ectopic expression of RasGAP in the wing imaginal disc reduced the size of the adult wing by up to 45% and suppressed ectopic wing vein formation caused by expression of activated forms of Breathless and Heartless, two Drosophila receptor tyrosine kinases of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family. The in vivo effects of RasGAP overexpression required intact SH2 domains, indicating that intracellular localization of RasGAP through SH2-phosphotyrosine interactions is important for its activity. These results show that RasGAP can function as an inhibitor of signaling pathways mediated by Ras and receptor tyrosine kinases in vivo. Genetic interactions, however, suggested a Ras-independent role for RasGAP in the regulation of growth. The system described here should enable genetic screens to be performed to identify regulators and effectors of p120 Ras-GAP. (+info)

Mammalian staufen is a double-stranded-RNA- and tubulin-binding protein which localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (5/28861)

Staufen (Stau) is a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA)-binding protein involved in mRNA transport and localization in Drosophila. To understand the molecular mechanisms of mRNA transport in mammals, we cloned human (hStau) and mouse (mStau) staufen cDNAs. In humans, four transcripts arise by differential splicing of the Stau gene and code for two proteins with different N-terminal extremities. In vitro, hStau and mStau bind dsRNA via each of two full-length dsRNA-binding domains and tubulin via a region similar to the microtubule-binding domain of MAP-1B, suggesting that Stau cross-links cytoskeletal and RNA components. Immunofluorescent double labeling of transfected mammalian cells revealed that Stau is localized to the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), implicating this RNA-binding protein in mRNA targeting to the RER, perhaps via a multistep process involving microtubules. These results are the first demonstration of the association of an RNA-binding protein in addition to ribosomal proteins, with the RER, implicating this class of proteins in the transport of RNA to its site of translation. (+info)

Identification and characterization of the human orthologue of yeast Pex14p. (6/28861)

Pex14p is a central component of the peroxisomal protein import machinery, which has been suggested to provide the point of convergence for PTS1- and PTS2-dependent protein import in yeast cells. Here we describe the identification of a human peroxisome-associated protein (HsPex14p) which shows significant similarity to the yeast Pex14p. HsPex14p is a carbonate-resistant peroxisomal membrane protein with its C terminus exposed to the cytosol. The N terminus of the protein is not accessible to exogenously added antibodies or protease and thus might protrude into the peroxisomal lumen. HsPex14p overexpression leads to the decoration of tubular structures and mislocalization of peroxisomal catalase to the cytosol. HsPex14p binds the cytosolic receptor for the peroxisomal targeting signal 1 (PTS1), a result consistent with a function as a membrane receptor in peroxisomal protein import. Homo-oligomerization of HsPex14p or interaction of the protein with the PTS2-receptor or HsPex13p was not observed. This distinguishes the human Pex14p from its counterpart in yeast cells and thus supports recent data suggesting that not all aspects of peroxisomal protein import are conserved between yeasts and humans. The role of HsPex14p in mammalian peroxisome biogenesis makes HsPEX14 a candidate PBD gene for being responsible for an unrecognized complementation group of human peroxisome biogenesis disorders. (+info)

Down-regulation of RpS21, a putative translation initiation factor interacting with P40, produces viable minute imagos and larval lethality with overgrown hematopoietic organs and imaginal discs. (7/28861)

Down-regulation of the Drosophila ribosomal protein S21 gene (rpS21) causes a dominant weak Minute phenotype and recessively produces massive hyperplasia of the hematopoietic organs and moderate overgrowth of the imaginal discs during larval development. Here, we show that the S21 protein (RpS21) is bound to native 40S ribosomal subunits in a salt-labile association and is absent from polysomes, indicating that it acts as a translation initiation factor rather than as a core ribosomal protein. RpS21 can interact strongly with P40, a ribosomal peripheral protein encoded by the stubarista (sta) gene. Genetic studies reveal that P40 underexpression drastically enhances imaginal disc overgrowth in rpS21-deficient larvae, whereas viable combinations between rpS21 and sta affect the morphology of bristles, antennae, and aristae. These data demonstrate a strong interaction between components of the translation machinery and showed that their underexpression impairs the control of cell proliferation in both hematopoietic organs and imaginal discs. (+info)

DEF-1, a novel Src SH3 binding protein that promotes adipogenesis in fibroblastic cell lines. (8/28861)

The Src homology 3 (SH3) motif is found in numerous signal transduction proteins involved in cellular growth and differentiation. We have purified and cloned a novel protein, DEF-1 (differentiation-enhancing factor), from bovine brain by using a Src SH3 affinity column. Ectopic expression of DEF-1 in fibroblasts resulted in the differentiation of a significant fraction of the culture into adipocytes. This phenotype appears to be related to the induction of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), since DEF-1 NIH 3T3 cells demonstrated augmented levels of PPARgamma mRNA and, when treated with activating PPARgamma ligands, efficient induction of differentiation. Further evidence for a role for DEF-1 in adipogenesis was provided by heightened expression of DEF-1 mRNA in adipose tissue isolated from obese and diabetes mice compared to that in tissue isolated from wild-type mice. However, DEF-1 mRNA was detected in multiple tissues, suggesting that the signal transduction pathway(s) in which DEF-1 is involved is not limited to adipogenesis. These results suggest that DEF-1 is an important component of a signal transduction process that is involved in the differentiation of fibroblasts and possibly of other types of cells. (+info)

Nucleotide sequences derived from complementary DNA". primary. The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 252 (14): 5040-53. PMID ... That is, a difference can be seen in the DNA sequence, but the differences have no effect on the growth or health of the person ... A recent study of the genes ATM, BRCA1, BRCA2, CDH1, CHEK2, PALB2 and TP53 found 15,311 DNA sequence variants in only 102 ... Less than 5% of the human genome encodes proteins, and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variant_of_uncertain_significance

Production of complementary DNA representing RNA viral sequences by recombinant DNA methods and uses therefor, retrieved 2014- ... Racaniello, Vincent R.; David Baltimore (1981-11-20). "Cloned Poliovirus Complementary DNA is Infectious in Mammalian Cells". ... As a post-doctoral fellow in David Baltimore's laboratory at MIT (1979-1982), Racaniello used recombinant DNA technology to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent_Racaniello

Rudner, R; Karkas, JD; Chargaff, E (1968). "Separation of B. Subtilis DNA into complementary strands. 3. Direct analysis". ... During replication the DNA strands separate. In single stranded DNA, cytosine spontaneously slowly deaminates to adenosine (a C ... The second rule holds that both %A ≈ %T and %G ≈ %C are valid for each of the two DNA strands. This describes only a global ... An organism such as φX174 with significant variation from A/T and G/C equal to one, is indicative of single stranded DNA. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chargaff's_rules

Curriculum Vitae Hanukoglu I, Tanese N, Fuchs E (Feb 1983). "Complementary DNA sequence of a human cytoplasmic actin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel_Hanukoglu

Hanukoglu I, Tanese N, Fuchs E (Feb 1983). "Complementary DNA sequence of a human cytoplasmic actin. Interspecies divergence of ... Its DNA sequence consists of seven exons that produce five known transcripts. The majority of these consist of point mutations ... ParM is an actin homologue that is coded in a plasmid and it is involved in the regulation of plasmid DNA. ParMs from different ... It also has two different DNA promoters. It has been noted that the sequences translated from this locus and from that of β- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Actin

Hanukoglu I, Tanese N, Fuchs E (Feb 1983). "Complementary DNA sequence of a human cytoplasmic actin. Interspecies divergence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-actin

Cloning and sequence analysis of the complementary DNA". Biochemistry. 26 (13): 3975-82. doi:10.1021/bi00387a035. PMID 3651428 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSAT1

Zietkiewicz E, Makałowski W, Mitchell G, Labuda D (October 1996). "Complementary DNA for 12-kilodalton B cell growth factor: ... Kovanen PE, Harju L, Timonen T (October 1996). "Complementary DNA for 12-kilodalton B cell growth factor: misassigned". Science ... Zietkiewicz E, Makałowski W, Mitchell GA, Labuda D (August 1994). "Phylogenetic analysis of a reported complementary DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BCGF1

June 1991). "Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project". Science. 252 (5013): 1651-6. ... Comparison to DNA microarrays[edit]. The general goal of the technique is similar to the DNA microarray. However, SAGE sampling ... In 1979 teams at Harvard and Caltech extended the basic idea of making DNA copies of mRNAs in vitro to amplifying a library of ... The cDNA concatemers can then be isolated and sequenced using modern high-throughput DNA sequencers, and these sequences can be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serial_analysis_of_gene_expression

Wang LH, Ohashi K, Wu KK (1991). "Isolation of partial complementary DNA encoding human thromboxane synthase". Biochem. Biophys ... and interaction of transcriptional regulatory factor with its DNA element in the 5' flanking region". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboxane-A_synthase

"Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA". Science. 231 (4742): 1150-4. Bibcode:1986Sci...231.1150G ... Teo AK, Oh HK, Ali RB, Li BF (Oct 2001). "The Modified Human DNA Repair Enzyme O6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase Is a ... "Sequence and expression of human estrogen receptor complementary DNA". Science. 231 (4742): 1150-4. Bibcode:1986Sci...231.1150G ... Thénot S, Bonnet S, Boulahtouf A, Margeat E, Royer CA, Borgna JL, Cavaillès V (Dec 1999). "Effect of ligand and DNA binding on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_receptor_alpha

"Cloned poliovirus complementary DNA is infectious in mammalian cells". Science. 214 (4523): 916-9. Bibcode:1981Sci...214..916R ... Scientists first converted poliovirus's published RNA sequence, 7741 bases long, into a DNA sequence, as DNA was easier to ... Enzymes were used to convert the DNA back into RNA, its natural state. Other enzymes were then used to translate the RNA into a ... DNA encoding the RNA genome of poliovirus was introduced into cultured mammalian cells and infectious poliovirus was produced. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliovirus

"Cloning and sequence analysis of human calcyphosine complementary DNA". Biochim Biophys Acta. 1352 (3): 249-52. doi:10.1016/ ... 2004). "The DNA sequence and biology of human chromosome 19". Nature. 428 (6982): 529-35. doi:10.1038/nature02399. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcyphosin

Miller JS, Moxley G, Schwartz LB (Oct 1990). "Cloning and characterization of a second complementary DNA for human tryptase". J ... Miller JS, Westin EH, Schwartz LB (1989). "Cloning and characterization of complementary DNA for human tryptase". J. Clin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPSAB1

"Isolation and sequence of complementary DNA encoding human extracellular superoxide dismutase". Proceedings of the National ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOD3

The 60kDa DNA/RNA binding protein and 52kDa T-cell regulatory protein are the best characterised antigens of anti-Ro antibodies ... The variable regions (yellow) are complementary to the dsDNA strands. These antibodies are found commonly in the sera of people ... Presence of high DNA-binding and low C3 levels have been shown to have extremely high predictive value (94%) for the diagnosis ... Anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) antibodies are highly associated with SLE. They are a very specific marker for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-nuclear_antibody

June 1991). "Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project". Science. 252 (5013): 1651-6. ... RNA is first copied as complementary DNA (cDNA) by a reverse transcriptase enzyme before the resultant cDNA is sequenced. ... Libraries of silkmoth mRNA transcripts were collected and converted to complementary DNA (cDNA) for storage using reverse ... Shalon D, Smith SJ, Brown PO (July 1996). "A DNA microarray system for analyzing complex DNA samples using two-color ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcriptomics_technologies

Because these clones consist of DNA that is complementary to mRNA, the ESTs represent portions of expressed genes. They may be ... Jun 1991). "Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project". Science. 252 (5013): 1651-6. doi: ... Gene expression Complementary DNA (cDNA) transcriptomics IMAGE cDNA clones Whole genome sequencing (WGS) ESTs Factsheet. ... In 1979, teams at Harvard and Caltech extended the basic idea of making DNA copies of mRNAs in vitro to amplifying a library of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressed_sequence_tag

SenGupta B, Friedberg F, Detera-Wadleigh SD (1988). "Molecular analysis of human and rat calmodulin complementary DNA clones. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CALM3

... and reverse transcriptase synthesises a complementary strand of DNA to form a double helix DNA structure ("cDNA"). The cDNA is ... The resulting DNA can be merged with the DNA genome of the host cell. The main enzyme responsible for synthesis of DNA from an ... Both DNA and RNA are nucleic acids, which use base pairs of nucleotides as a complementary language. During transcription, a ... In the case of HIV, reverse transcriptase is responsible for synthesizing a complementary DNA strand (cDNA) to the viral RNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transcription_

For complementary DNA generated from RNA though reverse transcription, see complementary DNA. ... Flies from Strain 1 have complementary mutations to flies from Strain 2 because when they are crossed the offspring are able to ... Meiosis is proposed to be adaptive because it facilitates recombinational repair of DNA damages that are otherwise difficult to ... and provided the foundation for the study of such fundamental processes as DNA replication and repair, and how molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complementation_

"Cloning and characterization of a second complementary DNA for human tryptase". J. Clin. Invest. 86 (3): 864-70. doi:10.1172/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TPSB2

"Characterization and expression of the complementary DNA encoding rat histidine decarboxylase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_II_pyridoxal-dependent_decarboxylases

The second study identified a technique that is now widely known as the microarray which quantifies complementary DNA (cDNA) ... "Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray". Science. 270 (5235): 467-70. doi: ... Pressing forward, the latter technique has revolutionized research in genetics and DNA chip technology as it is a widely ... Kurian KM, Watson CJ, Wyllie AH (February 1999). "DNA chip technology". The Journal of Pathology. 187 (3): 267-71. doi:10.1002 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene_signature

Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. Science 270, 467-470, 1995. (enter ... 469, 2004 DNA Microarrays-Methods Express. First microarray methods book on the latest applications of DNA microarrays ... as the first author on the Stanford team publication in the journal Science demonstrating that complementary DNA molecules ... The modern microarray industry and solid-phase DNA sequencing industry have drawn heavily from the 1995 Science paper. More ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Schena

"Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray". Science. 270 (5235): 467-70. Bibcode: ... While DNA encodes all of the functional elements of life, the information encoded must be converted into functional form. ... Second-Generation DNA sequencing has enabled cost effective, high throughput and unbiased analysis of the transcriptome. ... RNA that was undergoing transcription from DNA is still attached to RNA polymerase and is subsequently eluted from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time-resolved_RNA_sequencing

Complementary DNA sequencing: "expressed sequence tags" and the human genome project. Adams, M.D., Kelley, J.M., Gocayne, J.D ... Moreno-Palanques, R.F. and Fuldner, R.A. In: Automated DNA Sequencing and Analysis (C. Fields, M. Adams, and J. C. Venter, ed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubén_Moreno_Palanques

Data relating to transcriptomics, such as complementary DNA, with optional annotation. Novel or extended annotations of ... DNA Data Bank of Japan ENCODE Ensembl Genomes GenBank RefSeq UniGene Cochrane, G.; Akhtar, R.; Aldebert, P.; Althorpe, N.; ... It also stores complementary information such as experimental procedures, details of sequence assembly and other metadata ... The European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) is a repository providing free and unrestricted access to annotated DNA and RNA sequences ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Nucleotide_Archive

Ross J, Aviv H, Scolnick E, Leder P (January 1972). "In vitro synthesis of DNA complementary to purified rabbit globin mRNA". ... In cooperation with Edward Scolnick's lab he performed research which first made it possible to synthesize complementary DNA ( ... During the late 1970s, Aviv entered the field of Recombinant DNA (genetic engineering) and applied research, and produced a ... the first Israeli Biotechnology company focusing on Recombinant DNA (genetic engineering), which exists to this day. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haim_Aviv

RNA polymerase II regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding. • DNA binding. • sequence-specific DNA binding. • ... 1989). "Complementary homeo protein gradients in developing limb buds". Genes Dev. 3 (5): 641-50. doi:10.1101/gad.3.5.641. PMID ... regulation of transcription, DNA-templated. • negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter. • positive ... transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HOXD8

Complementary to R is the transmission coefficient, or transmittance, T. If absorption and scattering are neglected, then the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antireflection

American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies (2nd ed.). American Cancer Society. ... "Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to quercetin and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quercetin

The fluorescent tag is then added and only binds to the complementary DNA of the suspected pathogen. If the pathogen is present ... In biology, a probe is a single strand of DNA or RNA that is complementary to a nucleotide sequence of interest. ... Repetitive DNA sequences must be blocked by adding short fragments of DNA to the sample. The probe is then applied to the ... Preparation and hybridization process - DNA[edit]. Scheme of the principle of the FISH Experiment to localize a gene in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

In practice, most video codecs are used alongside audio compression techniques to store the separate but complementary data ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_compression_

"Complementary DNA sequencing: expressed sequence tags and human genome project". Science 252 (5013).. ... 1993) A Hidden Markov Model that finds genes in E. coli DNA ... Circular SV40 DNA Molecules Containing Lambda Phage Genes and ... "DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors". Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences 74 (12). ... "Nucleotide sequence of bacteriophage λ DNA". Journal of Molecular Biology 162 (4). Arquivado dende o orixinal o 02 de decembro ...

https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioloxía_computacional

This polymerase makes complementary minus strands of RNA, then uses them as templates to make more plus strands. So, an ... and a poliovirus clone was the first infectious DNA clone made of an RNA virus in animals. Along with rhinovirus, poliovirus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picornavirus

... www.intechopen.com/books/dna-repair/meiosis-as-an-evolutionary-adaptation-for-dna-repair （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆） ... Complementary and alternative therapies for the management of menopause-related symptoms: a systematic evidence review. Arch ... Harris Bernstein, Carol Bernstein and Richard E. Michod (2011). Meiosis as an Evolutionary Adaptation for DNA Repair. Chapter ... Impairment of BRCA1-related DNA double-strand break repair leads to ovarian aging in mice and humans. Science Translational ...

https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/绝经期

Morgenstern KA, Sprecher C, Holth L, et al. (1994). „Complementary DNA cloning and kinetic characterization of a novel ...

https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart–Prower-faktor

Further DNA testing showed that the transforming sequences in the two cancer cell lines were the same, and the gene was later ... Hall concluded that Rac and Rho are complementary for polymerised actin organisation. Indeed, Rho-dependent response is ... DNA from a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line and a fibrosarcoma cell line transformed a NIH/3T3 mouse fibroblast cell line. After ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Hall

මෙහිදී RNA, DNA (මෙම විෂයේ දී complementary DNA හෝ cDNA නමින් හැඳින්වේ) බවට reverse transcription කිරීම සහ අවශ්‍ය DNA ඉලක්ක ...

https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction

radiology - randomized trial - rebound - receptor (immunology) - recombinant - recombinant DNA - recombinant DNA technology - ... complementary and alternative therapy - complete blood count (CBC) - computed tomography scan (C-T scan) - concomitant drugs - ... DNA - Domain (biology) - dose-ranging study - dose-response relationship - double-blind study - drug resistance - drug-drug ... DNA) - Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS/HHS or DHHS) - desensitization - diabetes mellitus (DM) - diagnosis - ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_AIDS-related_topics

Edwin Lowell Cooper; Nobuo Yamaguchi (1 January 2004). Complementary and Alternative Approaches to Biomedicine. Springer ... Guo, Xiaorong; Wang, Xiaoguo; Su, Wenhua; Zhang, Guangfei; Zhou, Rui (2011). "DNA Barcodes for Discriminating the Medicinal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scutellaria

Repair of psoralen DNA adducts[edit]. PUVA treatment produces both DNA interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) and monoadducts. The ICLs ... This process is inaccurate because the complementary un-incised strand still retains a portion of the crosslink and thus cannot ... defects in DNA repair increase gene copy number variation". DNA Repair (Amst.). 21: 87-96. doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.011. ... the affinity of the psoralen for DNA is directly related to the concentration of the psoralen in the DNA chamber after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoralen

... reverse transcriptase creates a complementary strand of DNA from the retrovirus RNA and the RNA is degraded; this strand of DNA ... This DNA can be incorporated into host genome as a provirus that can be passed on to progeny cells. The retrovirus DNA is ... It has been speculated that the RNA to DNA transcription processes used by retroviruses may have first caused DNA to be used as ... All members of Group VI use virally encoded reverse transcriptase, an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, to produce DNA from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus

... to a specific DNA fragment on the filter membrane indicates that this fragment contains DNA sequence that is complementary to ... A Southern blot is a method used in molecular biology for detection of a specific DNA sequence in DNA samples. Southern ... This depurinates the DNA fragments, breaking the DNA into smaller pieces, thereby allowing more efficient transfer from the gel ... is then used to move the DNA from the gel onto the membrane; ion exchange interactions bind the DNA to the membrane due to the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_blot

Lewis-Kraus, Gideon, I Traveled to Vanuatu, an Island Nation in the South Pacific, to Report on Discoveries in Ancient DNA, The ... "National Drug Strategy - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples Complementary Action Plan 2003-2009 - Background Paper" ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kava

Main articles: RNA and DNA. The major difference between RNA and DNA is the presence of a hydroxyl group at the 2'-position of ... An alternative - or complementary - theory of RNA origin is proposed in the PAH world hypothesis, whereby polycyclic aromatic ... This forces an RNA double helix to change from a B-DNA structure to one more closely resembling A-DNA. ... DNA and proteins seemed the dominant macromolecules in the living cell, with RNA only aiding in creating proteins from the DNA ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_world

109.0 109.1 Power R, Gore-Felton C, Vosvick M, Israelski DM, Spiegel D (June 2002). "HIV: effectiveness of complementary and ... 2005). "Mitochondrial DNA and retroviral RNA analyses of archival oral polio vaccine (OPV CHAT) materials: evidence of macaque ... 1986). "Transactivation of the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat sequences by DNA viruses". Proc. Natl. Acad. ...

https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/எய்ட்சு

Koshizaka T, Nishikimi M, Ozawa T, Yagi K (1988). "Isolation and sequence analysis of a complementary DNA encoding rat liver L- ... "Scientific Opinion on the substantiation of health claims related to vitamin C and protection of DNA, proteins and lipids from ... "Toward a phylogenetic classification of Primates based on DNA evidence complemented by fossil evidence". Molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L-ascorbic_acid

... as they have additive and complementary effects on the DNA, since doxorubicin acts by intercalating between DNA strands, and ... DNA cleavage by bleomycin depends on oxygen and metal ions, at least in vitro. The exact mechanism of DNA strand scission is ... Bleomycin acts by induction of DNA strand breaks.[10] Some studies suggest bleomycin also inhibits incorporation of thymidine ... An alternative hypothesis states that bleomycin may bind at specific sites in the DNA strand and induce scission by abstracting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleomycin

Both RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, which use complementary base pairs of nucleotides as a common language.. translation. The ... DNA. See deoxyribonucleic acid.. DNA replication. The chemical duplication or copying of a DNA molecule; the process of ... DNA most commonly occurs in "double-stranded" form, i.e. as a pair of nucleotide polymers bound together by complementary base ... Complementary nucleotide bases are matched to synthesize the new partner strands.. DNA sequencing. The process of determining ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_biology

Mills E, Wu P, Ernst E (2005). "Complementary therapies for the treatment of HIV: in search of the evidence". Int J STD AIDS 16 ... the exploitation of host DNA repair mechanisms by retroviruses". ACS Chem Biol 1 (4): 217-26. PMID 17163676. doi:10.1021/ ... "Complementary and alternative medicine use among HIV-positive people: research synthesis and implications for HIV care". AIDS ...

https://gl.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Síndrome_de_inmunodeficiencia_adquirida

DNA does not leave the nucleus for various reasons. DNA is a very long molecule, and is bound in with proteins, called histones ... In this way, we say that adenine is complementary to uracil and that guanine is complementary to cytosine. The first three ... This is done by messenger RNA (mRNA). A single strand of DNA is the blueprint for the mRNA which is transcribed from that DNA ... Retrotransposons copy themselves in two stages: first from DNA to RNA by transcription, then from RNA back to DNA by reverse ...

https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribosomal_RNA

The mutation caused a change from guanine to adenine at complementary DNA nucleotide 1181 (c.1181G,A) in the gene, which ... In 2013, an 18-year-old woman with EIS was reported.[5][9] DNA sequencing revealed a homozygous mutation in ESR1, the gene that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estrogen_insensitivity_syndrome

The sequencing of the influenza genome and recombinant DNA technology may accelerate the generation of new vaccine strains by ... where the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase begins transcribing complementary positive-sense vRNA (Steps 3a and b).[77] The vRNA ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Influenza

De Meirleir L, MacKay N, Lam Hon Wah AM, Robinson BH (Feb 1988). "Isolation of a full-length complementary DNA coding for human ...

https://fa.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/پیرووات_دهیدروژناز_

DNA and Cell Biology. 9 (3): 149-57. doi:10.1089/dna.1990.9.149. PMID 2111143.. ... Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine. 20 (3): 195-205. doi:10.1089/acm.2013.0088. PMID 24236461.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AKR1B1

"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, US National Institutes of Health. 1 August 2019. Retrieved 10 ... DNA Fingerprinting of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Sauerkraut Fermentations *^ Kimchi *^ Swain, Manas Ranjan; Anandharaj, Marimuthu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic?wprov=sfti1https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probiotic?wprov=sfti1

"Inferring Continental Ancestry of Argentineans from Autosomal, Y-Chromosomal and Mitochondrial DNA". Annals of Human Genetics. ... According to the provisional data of INDEC's Complementary Survey of Indigenous Peoples (ECPI) 2004 - 2005, 600,329 Natives ( ... The results of this study in which DNA from 320 individuals in which 9 Argentine provinces were examined showed that 56% of ... this study was unweighted and meant to be a representation of the diversity of Argentine DNA rather than a demonstration of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine

DNA synthesized by reverse transcriptase using RNA as a template.. Synonyms: complementary DNA. ...

http://sequenceontology.org/browser/current_svn/term/SO:0000756

The complex DNA of São Paulo inspired four different designs: Brutalist; Structured Chaos; Hi-Tech; and Minimalist, which use ...

http://indiodacosta.com/en/projetos/mobiliario-urbano-da-cidade-de-sao-paulo/

... deliver enterprise and e-commerce applications that take advantage of the complementary strengths of ColdFusion and Windows DNA ... About Microsoft Windows DNA The Microsoft Windows Distributed interNet Applications architecture is Microsofts framework for ... Using the Windows DNA model, customers can build modern, scalable, n-tier business applications that can be delivered over any ... Windows DNA applications can improve the flow of information within and without the organization, are dynamic and flexible to ...

https://news.microsoft.com/1999/05/11/microsoft-and-allaire-announce-enterprise-technology-integration-agreement/

A luxury brand which draws inspiration from the roots and the authentic values of its own DNA: Sicily, sensuality and sartorial ... Dolce & Gabbanas essence lies in its contrasting yet complementary features. The eyewear collection is characterized by ...

https://www.sunglassworld.net/product-category/sunglasses/dolce-gabbana/

DNA Studies (3) *Dreams (14) *Dreams & Dreaming (31) *Embracing Change (55) *Embracing Death (7) ... Complementary opposites (9) *Consciousness (58) *Crystals and stones (4) *Depression (27) *Despacho (3) ...

https://kittynorris.com/what-do-objects-do-when-were-not-looking/

https://kittynorris.com/note-universe-today/

https://kittynorris.com/home/kitty-2/

Early Life Experiences Influence DNA in the Adult Brain * What is the Story behind your Emotions? (Change Your Story!) ... Complementary opposites (9) *Consciousness (58) *Crystals and stones (4) *Depression (27) *Despacho (3) ...

https://kittynorris.com/epigenetic-memories-are-passed-down-14-successive-generations-game-changing-research-reveals/

https://kittynorris.com/further-reading/popup-logo/

https://kittynorris.com/honor-and-release-your-loved-ones-this-memorial-day/

Therefore we have implemented in our firms DNA those values which permit us to best address our clients needs. ... We offer our clients complementary expertises and complete services in the main fields of private and public business law. ...

https://www.kalliope-law.com/en/

It is both complementary applications to our Software Products that the vertical applications in e -banking ( eg . Internet ... Automation is part of our DNA. Movements of storage areas and warehouses, control of production processes, handling simulators ... Alternatives, and in many cases , complementary to the Web based applications, client server architecture applications grant ...

https://www.softeam.it/en/services/technologies

Signavio is the pioneer in operational excellence, making process part of company DNA. By combining facts with feelings, while ... in achieving process excellence in your organization through either a certified Signavio practitioner or a complementary ... achieve process excellence through successful implementations of the Signavio Business Transformation Suite and complementary ...

https://www.signavio.com/partners-for-the-future/

The company is providing the lowest prices and the best deal is part of their DNA.This company provides gifts after purchasing ... JERRYS ARTARAMA is a retailing company of wall art and complementary decor products. The company was founded in 1968 and the ...

http://enquirynumber.com/essential/jerrys-artarama-contact-details/

"Experimentation, embracing technology and thinking outside of the box are in the companys DNA, and were looking forward to ... In his first year, Jacobs hopes to centralize VaynerMedias "existing insights around innovation, develop complementary novel ...

https://www.campaignlive.com/article/vaynermedia-hires-adyen-vet-eric-jacobs-first-chief-innovation-officer/1721631

... public health and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). ...

https://indigointernational.org/transcendent-health-prayer/

It is our signature blend of complementary yet unexpected pairings. Like timeless interior spaces that feature vintage swagger ... Historic Market Square - The DNA of Hearsay. A one-of-a-kind treasure on the edge of downtown Houstons historic Market Square ...

http://www.hearsayonthewaterway.com/about-us/

It would of course be nice if we all understood that, at the level of DNA, there is absolutely nothing that separates us from ... The Goals themselves are fully aligned with and complementary to the Stabilization and Association Agreement with the European ... Although not a UN member state, Kosovo participated fully in the design of the goals and there is Kosovo DNA in this global ...

https://andrewrussellisblogging.com/2017/09/26/some-thoughts-about-democracy-day/

The generic lesson is that real sustainable innovationis a team effort and this needs to be built into the DNA of the ... First I think was his capacity to build a real team which contained truly complementary innovation skills to those which he ... The Innovative University: Changing the DNA of Higher Education from the Inside Out. By C.M. Christensen & H.J. Eyring ...

http://www.i-lab-he.org/blog/full/?id=926331&title=Where+Technology+St+Meets+Liberal+Arts+Steet

Complementary Consult. A presentation of YOUR UNIQUE ENERGETIC DNA / SOUL PROFIle & how to utilize your gifts to shift your ... I help you connect to your energetic DNA and remember who you are at a soul level.. I see through the shit, I see who you are, ...

https://emilykthomas.com/aligned-energetics-home

ThetaHealing Basic DNA Course. Location:. YMCA Health & Fitness Centre, Chifley Health & Wellbeing Hub, Maclaurin Crescent, ... The International Institute for Complementary Therapists. Providing Professional Affiliation for the Natural Health Industry. ...

http://www.sophieprior.com.au/events

Free Weekly Office Hours Our commitment to helping others is in our DNA. We want to make sure you get the maximum value out of ... We have a mix of complementary skill sets that help us work with a diverse range of companies. Everyone on our team has years ...

https://cloudposse.com/accelerate/?utm_source=github&utm_medium=readme&utm_campaign=cloudposse%2Fterraform-aws-ecs-container-definition&utm_content=readme_footer_link

Circulating tumor DNA as a dynamic biomarker of response to palbociclib and fulvestra ... Complementary and integrative medicine for breast cancer patients - Evidence based pr Nguyen ...

https://her2support.org/vbulletin/forumdisplay.php?f=31

This exercise is always in line with your organisations DNA, the resources available and the HR structure you envisage for the ... while the right recruitment policy will provide complementary expertise and internal mobility. In the end, the HR strategy ... This is because every company has a unique DNA and faces unique challenges. Our consultants tailor their approach to these ...

https://www.hudsonsolutions.com/lu-en/services-tools/strategic-consultancy/hr-strategy

Our consultants understand the DNA of family businesses and address emotional and behavioural challenges of the family along ... Call for an online complementary interaction with our advisors. Get In Touch » ...

https://equationsindia.com/

UV light destroys the cell DNA (or RNA in the case of viruses) making the micro organisms inactive. Our water sterilisers ... Recognising the benefits of stainless steel for U.V. chambers, we now offer a complementary range from a lower cost source, ...

https://www.mfeuk.co.uk/ultra-violet-sterilisers/

Sawaf and Zalis exemplify this idea of sisterhood in their complementary traits that they use to build each other up in an ever ... swirling higher and higher in a never-ending strand of DNA, all united, all related, all one family; a human family. This ...

https://thaleblanc.com/blogs/blog/what-sisterhood-means-to-us-at-thale-blanc

... complemented by a range of DNA and blood testing services. It is also one of two UK providers of SCRAM continuous alcohol ... as well as its complementary offering to that of Abergavenny-based SYNLAB Laboratory Services. ...

https://www.livingstonepartners.com/en-us/transactions/lextox-acquired-synlab/

With common values, complementary strengths and established reputations, these key industry colleagues will extend our reach ... "Collaboration is in our DNA," said Quadpack CEO Tim Eaves. "Quadpack itself started as a partnership of three companies in 2003 ...

https://www.quadpack.com/news/news/13374787/collaboration-marks-quadpacks-asian-expansion-plans/

A customer-centric approach is in our DNA, from preparing quotations through to resolving support calls. ... gives customers confidence that the integration of a complementary partner software product with an Oracle "on-premises" ...

https://www.visitethiopia.org/global-travel-news/xn-protel-achieves-oracle-validated-integration-with-oracle-opera/

Collections of nonredundant, full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) clones for each of the model organisms and humans will be important resources for studies of gene structure and function. (sciencemag.org)
In het laboratorium kunnen mRNA's gebruikt worden als template om complementair DNA, cDNA, te synthetiseren om genexpressie te bestuderen. (jove.com)
Nadat het mRNA geïsoleerd is, wordt een poly(T)-primer gebonden aan de poly(A)-staart, en vormt een startpunt voor reverse-transcriptase enzymes om een enkelstrengs cDNA te translateren van het mRNA. (jove.com)
DNA polymerase enzymen worden dan gebruikt om een streng te synthetiseren, complementair met het cDNA wat resulteert in dubbelstrengs cDNA, dat ingevoegd kan worden in een bacteriële of virale vector en gebruikt wordt in moleculair biologie-onderzoek. (jove.com)
The scientist converts mRNA into complementary DNA (cDNA) via reverse transcription. (jove.com)
Because mRNA does not contain introns (non-coding regions) and other regulatory sequences, cDNA-unlike genomic DNA-also allows researchers to directly determine the amino acid sequence of the peptide encoded by the gene. (jove.com)
Next, reverse transcriptase-a DNA polymerase enzyme from retroviruses-is used to generate cDNA from the mRNA. (jove.com)
Since, like most DNA polymerases, reverse transcriptase can add nucleotides only to the 3' end of a chain, a poly(T) primer is added to bind to the poly(A) tail to provide a starting point for cDNA synthesis. (jove.com)
Complementary DNA (cDNA) is a copy of a region of a strand of DNA. (jrank.org)
The cDNA will bind to the complementary site on the DNA strand. (jrank.org)
cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe. (harvard.edu)
It is often used in gene cloning since when a gene transfer into another to express new genetic material as protein in a particular cell this cDNA will be added to that particular cell rather than the entire gene because some of DNA in the whole gene interrupts the coding sequence of the protein thus cDNA regularly obtained as expressed sequence tags. (biology-online.org)
To further explore the downstream genes regulated by PTEN, a high-density complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray technique was used to profile gene changes after PTEN overexpression. (nih.gov)
The global Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) market is valued at XX million USD in 2017 and is expected to reach XX million USD by the end of 2025, growing at a CAGR of XX% between 2017 and 2025. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
This report studies the Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) development status and future trend in China, focuses on top players in China, also splits Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) by type and by applications, to fully and deeply research and reveal the market general situation and future forecast. (rnrmarketresearch.com)
Objective To identify disease-specific gene expression profiles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), using complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray analyses on lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCLs) derived from RA-discordant monozygotic (MZ) twins. (umich.edu)
In genetics, complementary DNA (cDNA) is DNA synthesized from a single-stranded RNA (e.g., messenger RNA (mRNA) or microRNA (miRNA)) template in a reaction catalyzed by the enzyme reverse transcriptase. (wikipedia.org)
The term cDNA is also used, typically in a bioinformatics context, to refer to an mRNA transcript's sequence, expressed as DNA bases (deoxy-GCAT) rather than RNA bases (GCAU). (wikipedia.org)
In cellular life, cDNA is generated by viruses and retrotransposons for integration of RNA into target genomic DNA. (wikipedia.org)
An optimization of this procedure relies on low RNase H activity of M-MLV to nick mRNA with remaining RNA later removed by adding RNase H after DNA Polymerase translation of the second-strand cDNA. (wikipedia.org)
Complementary DNA is often used in gene cloning or as gene probes or in the creation of a cDNA library. (wikipedia.org)
When scientists transfer a gene from one cell into another cell in order to express the new genetic material as a protein in the recipient cell, the cDNA will be added to the recipient (rather than the entire gene), because the DNA for an entire gene may include DNA that does not code for the protein or that interrupts the coding sequence of the protein (e.g., introns). (wikipedia.org)
Results: First, we designed microarray probes to target the complementary strand of genes for which an antisense counterpart had been identified only in human public cDNA sources, but not in the mouse. (elsevier.com)
Conclusion: Our microarray platform targeting the complementary strand of annotated genes successfully identified novel NATs that could not be identified by publically available cDNA data, and as such could not be detected by the usual sense-targeting microarray approach. (elsevier.com)
To transfect the expression vectors of Pdx-1 in the mammalian cells, the complementary DNA (cDNA) of Pdx-1 was conducted. (biomedcentral.com)
To transfect the expression vector of Pdx-1 in the mammalian cells, when the complementary DNA (cDNA) of Pdx-1 was conducted, the detected sequences were different from those reported before [ 9 ] ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/454391 ). (biomedcentral.com)
cDNA at Pdx-1, 852 base pairs (bp), was cloned by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, using PrimeSTAR ® HS DNA Polymerase (Takara Bio Inc.) and KOD-Plus-Neo ® (TOKOBO. (biomedcentral.com)
The Global Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) Market 2018 report identifies the largest production and consumption region in the world, also fastest growing region for the Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) market. (publicsector24.com)
The Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) report provides the past, present and future industry trends and the forecast information related to the expected sales revenue, growth, demand and supply scenario of the Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) industry. (publicsector24.com)
Furthermore, the opportunities and the threats to the development of Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) market are also covered at depth in this research report. (publicsector24.com)
Analysis of the major industry players based on their company profiles, annual revenue, sales margin, growth aspects are also covered in the Global Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) Market 2018 report, which will help other Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) market players in driving business insights. (publicsector24.com)
The analysis featured in the Global Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) Market 2018 report includes important factors of the Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) market based on present industry situations, market demands, business strategies utilized by Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) market players and their growth synopsis. (publicsector24.com)
This report divides the Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) market based on the key players, Type, Applications, and Regions. (publicsector24.com)
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Details about the Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) industry game plan, the Complementary DNA Microarrays (cDNA) industry data source, appendix, research findings and conclusion. (publicsector24.com)
First-strand complementary DNA (cDNA) was synthesised from 1 μg total RNA using Moloney murine leukaemia virus reverse transcriptase and primer Oligo(dT) 12-18 (both InVitrogen). (ersjournals.com)
To assess gene expression, researchers derive complementary DNA (cDNA) from cellular RNA, label the cDNA with a fluorescent marker, wash labeled cDNA over the array, and use lasers to assess how much cDNA has stuck to each probe. (marketwatch.com)
Two receptor-specific monoclonal antibodies were used to recover the complementary DNA (cDNA) of this regulatory protein from a chicken intestinal λgt11 cDNA expression library. (elsevier.com)

In addition, they allow the accurate prediction of gene structures, particularly of 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs) that are refractory to computational prediction based on genomic DNA sequence alone. (sciencemag.org)
Complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is DNA in which the sequence of the constituent molecules on one strand of the double stranded structure chemically matches the sequence on the other strand. (jrank.org)
For example, if the original DNA stand had a sequence of ATT, the complementary sequence will be TAA. (jrank.org)
The original DNA sequence is amplified to make a billion copies within minutes. (jrank.org)
Complementary DNA is basically useful in bioinformatics where it refer to an mRNA transcript sequence expressed as DNA bases relative to RNA bases. (biology-online.org)
Complementary DNA sequence and chromosomal mapping of a human proteoglycan-binding cell-adhesion protein (dermatopontin). (uniprot.org)
Genomic integrity is threatened by cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which must be resolved efficiently to prevent sequence loss, chromosomal rearrangements/translocations, or cell death. (rcsb.org)
Polymerase μ (Polμ) participates in DSB repair via the nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, by filling small sequence gaps in broken ends to create substrates ultimately ligatable by DNA Ligase IV. (rcsb.org)
Oligonucleotide-based DNA chips are also used for analyzing sequence variations in genomic DNA for screening individuals for DNA mutations and polymorphism variations. (aacrjournals.org)
A DNA strand has the base sequence of ACGT. (enotes.com)
Transcription is the system that produces a complementary RNA sequence from a strand of DNA. (enotes.com)
A complementary DNA encoding an ethylene-inducible acidic chitinase of azuki bean ( Vigna angularis) was isolated, and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. (nii.ac.jp)
Our shape recognition method expands the palette of potential interactions for DNA-based nanotechnology and adds a layer of abstraction in which components may be treated conceptually as objects that interact in shape space, and not anymore in sequence space. (jbsdonline.com)
C-DNA is a single-stranded DNA which only contains the coding sequence, which is different from the DNA molecule. (wikipedia.org)
The Complementary DNA that was selected from human brain was used to clone the ESTs sequence tags. (wikipedia.org)
RNAi inheritance is not accompanied by changes in DNA sequence, indicating that RNAi inheritance is an epigenetic phenomenon and a robust and unambiguous example of TEI. (genetics.org)
The CAAT box refers to a short consensus sequence of nucleotides in DNA that occur close to (about 80 base pairs away) the transcription start site of a ge. (reference.com)
A complementary sequence to that mRNA is an "antisense" sequence. (encyclopedia.com)
RNA strands are created using DNA strands as a template in a process called transcription , where DNA bases are exchanged for their corresponding bases except in the case of thymine (T), which RNA substitutes for uracil (U). [4] Under the genetic code , these RNA strands specify the sequence of amino acids within proteins in a process called translation . (wikipedia.org)
RNA selected via hybridization with this DNA sequence directed the cell-free synthesis of immunopreapitable vitamin D 3 receptor. (elsevier.com)
It is even capable of extending the new pair although its efficiency depended on the DNA sequence. (rsc.org)

The two strands are described as complementary to one another. (jrank.org)
In DNA replication , the two strands are unwound from one another. (jrank.org)
The two new strands are complementary to one another, and so can join together in a process called annealing. (jrank.org)
Because ribonucleic acid (RNA) is made using DNA as the blueprint, the phenomenon of complementary strands also extends to RNA. (jrank.org)
A DNA microchip or gene chip is a tiny chip that has many single strands of the DNA from a specific gene attached to it. (reference.com)
DNA molecules have several parts, including dual backbones, strands of four chemicals that run along their spines, and bridges, or base pairs, between their opposite backbones. (reference.com)
Antisense nucleotides are strings of RNA or DNA that are complementary to "sense" strands of nucleotides. (encyclopedia.com)
Antisense DNA strands can also be made (note that in the double helix, the side of the DNA that is transcribed is itself antisense). (encyclopedia.com)
Short antisense strands of DNA can be introduced into cells, which then bind with target mRNA. (encyclopedia.com)
One difficulty in applying this therapy is successfully delivering the antisense DNA or RNA to all target tissues (for instance, making sure the antisense strands reach infected blood cells for HIV). (encyclopedia.com)
The two DNA strands are also known as polynucleotides as they are composed of simpler monomeric units called nucleotides . (wikipedia.org)
The nitrogenous bases of the two separate polynucleotide strands are bound together, according to base pairing rules (A with T and C with G), with hydrogen bonds to make double-stranded DNA. (wikipedia.org)
Both strands of double-stranded DNA store the same biological information . (wikipedia.org)
The two strands of DNA run in opposite directions to each other and are thus antiparallel . (wikipedia.org)
DNA consists of 2 polynucleotide chains or strands, wound around each other such that they resemble a twisted ladder. (news-medical.net)
In the double helix DNA structure, all four bases are confined to the inside of the double helix, held in place by hydrogen (H) bonds linking complimentary bases on the two strands. (news-medical.net)
The two DNA strands in the double helix run in opposite directions (antiparallel to each other) to help the bases in each base pair fit into the double helix. (news-medical.net)
The two polynucleotide strands of the DNA double helix provide a simple basis for copying the information in the molecule. (news-medical.net)
On separation, each of the two strands serves as a template for creating an exact or identical copy of the DNA molecule. (news-medical.net)
Exchange between Complementary Strands of DNA? (elsevier.com)
DNA does not usually exist as a single strand, but instead as a pair of strands that are held tightly together. (wikipedia.org)

A molecule called DNA polymerase runs the length of each strand, making a complementary copy of each strand. (jrank.org)
In the lock in key scenario, an A pairs with the U) on the other strand, and a C always pairs with a G. Complementary RNA (cRNA) is a copy of a strand of RNA that will bind to the appropriate region of the original molecule. (jrank.org)
The newly developed description of a mechanism for transcription initiation involves the direct binding of small molecule ligands of approximately twenty carbon atoms, which are both structurally symmetric to DNA nucleotides, and also chemically complementary in its functional groups for interaction with the oxygen element at the carbon two position of thymine and with the phosphodiester chain. (preprints.org)
Each chromosome contains one DNA molecule and. (reference.com)
What Is the Shape of a DNA Molecule? (reference.com)
[1] DNA ) is a molecule composed of two chains that coil around each other to form a double helix carrying genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of all known organisms and many viruses . (wikipedia.org)
The unique material properties of DNA have made it an attractive molecule for material scientists and engineers interested in micro- and nano-fabrication. (wikipedia.org)
The bases are stacked up the ladder and the hydrophobic bonding between the bases gives the DNA molecule stability. (news-medical.net)
In this double helix arrangement, the width of each base pair remains the same, meaning the same distance is kept between the sugar-phosphate backbones, along the length of the DNA molecule. (news-medical.net)
e) reinserting the DNA molecule into an appropriate plasmid vector. (google.es)
The nucleotide contains both a segment of the backbone of the molecule (which holds the chain together) and a nucleobase (which interacts with the other DNA strand in the helix). (wikipedia.org)

DNA that has been synthesized from mRNA by the action of reverse transcriptase. (drugs.com)
Verteller] Bijna elke cel in het lichaam heeft hetzelfde DNA maar verschillende celtypes, zoals neuronen en spiercellen, uiten verschillende genen omdat alleen bepaalde genen overgebracht worden in messenger RNA of mRNA in elke cel. (jove.com)
The resulting new strand of mRNA has complementary base pairs to the original DNA template. (enotes.com)
DNA complementary to parathyroid mRNA directs synthesis of pre-proparathyroid hormone in a linked transcription-translation system. (harvard.edu)
The Gubler and Hoffman Procedure uses E. Coli RNase H to nick mRNA that is replaced with E. Coli DNA Polymerase I and sealed with E. Coli DNA Ligase. (wikipedia.org)
the antisense strand of such a segment then peels off and binds with its complementary mRNA. (encyclopedia.com)
The double-stranded complementary DNA which had been synthesized from the partially purified mRNA by avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase I (Klenow enzyme) was cloned in Escherichia coli %1776, using plasmid pBR322 as a cloning vector. (elsevier.com)
The specific mRNA hybridized with plasmid 3-9-1 DNA showed an enriched synthesis of a protein with apparent molecular weight of 56,000 daltons, which was immunoprecipitable with anti-P-450c antibody. (elsevier.com)

The chemical molecules that make up DNA are known as nucleotide bases. (jrank.org)
It maps to the DNA β at nucleotide position 186 to 563 and contains a polyadenylation signal 18 nt upstream of the stop codon. (apsnet.org)
The nucleotide sequences coding for murine complement component C3 have been determined from a cloned genomic DNA fragment and several overlapping cloned complementary DNA fragments. (lu.se)
The results indicate that the activating ligands are transported to the DNA nucleotide promoter site by protein transcription factors, which serve as delivery vectors, for transfer of the ligand to the DNA nucleotide pairs. (preprints.org)
The developments comprise a new approach to characterizing the initiation of the transcription process comprising the direct binding and interaction of ligands with DNA nucleotides as verified through comparative analysis of pharmacological activity and through perfect structural correspondence between the steroid hormone class as ligands with Watson-Crick DNA nucleotide pairings. (preprints.org)
guanine is an example of complementary base pairing model of DNA, the rungs are A. nucleotide base pairs. (foodshareonline.com)
These variants can now be analyzed concerning structural changes in the ternary complexes composed out of the enzyme, the DNA primer and template as well as the incoming nucleotide with the goal to rationalize the higher specificity. (uni-konstanz.de)
The sugar present in the nucleotide is a deoxyribose, hence the name deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). (news-medical.net)
According to another study, when measured in a different solution, the DNA chain measured 22 to 26 angstroms wide (2.2 to 2.6 nanometres), and one nucleotide unit measured 3.3 Å (0.33 nm) long. (wikipedia.org)
Although each individual nucleotide is very small, a DNA polymer can be very large and may contain hundreds of millions of nucleotides, such as in chromosome 1. (wikipedia.org)

Microarrays prepared by high-speed robotic printing of complementary DNAs on glass were used for quantitative expression measurements of the corresponding genes. (nih.gov)
Complementary DNA is usually used to cloned eukaryotic genes in prokaryotes to express specific proteins and is naturally produced by retrovirus like HIV-1 which able to incorporate to the host genome where it creates a provirus. (biology-online.org)
Analysis of genomic DNA supports the notion that there are at least two NiR genes in maize. (plantphysiol.org)
In contrast, PTEN overexpression upregulated protein phosphatase 2A1B, ubiquitin protease (unph), secreted phosphoprotein 1, leukocyte elastase inhibitor, nuclear factor-kappaB, cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein, DNA ligase 1, heat shock protein 90, and some EST genes. (nih.gov)
To identify NAT candidates suitable for further functional analyses, we performed DNA microarray-based NAT screening using mouse adult normal tissues and mammary tumors to target not only the sense orientation but also the complementary strand of the annotated genes. (elsevier.com)
We also designed probes to target the complementary strand of well-characterized genes, including oncogenes, and compared the expression of these genes between mammary cancerous tissues and non-pathological tissues. (elsevier.com)
Genes also store genetic information, but in smaller quantities than DNA molecules. (reference.com)
The chromosomes and genes contained within DNA are replicated during the S phase of the interphase cell cycle. (reference.com)
Genes are individual segments of DNA and chromosomes are structures which contain many genes packed together. (reference.com)
In the nucleus, the NICD interacts directly with the DNA binding protein CSL and activates the transcription of target genes such as HES [ 5 ]. (hindawi.com)

Quantitative monitoring of gene expression patterns with a complementary DNA microarray. (nih.gov)
To activate gene expression, the initiation of transcription is a highly regulated process involving the interaction of proteins and DNA nucleotides at the promoter site, which consists of a small number of base pairs. (preprints.org)
The ID (inhibitor of differentiation or DNA binding) helix-loop-helix proteins are important mediators of cellular differentiation and proliferation in a variety of cell types through regulation of gene expression. (isharonline.org)
Together, Ago proteins and their associated siRNAs regulate gene expression by binding and inhibiting complementary cellular RNAs. (genetics.org)
Chromosomes are important because they contain DNA, the biochemical substance required for the molecular-level cellular messages known as gene expression. (reference.com)

As it involves interactions at the atomic scale, it is challenging to determine the mechanism of binding responsible for the great specificity between the amino acid residuals comprising the transcription binding protein and the DNA nucleotides comprising the promoter. (preprints.org)
Complementarity (molecular biology) is nucleotides that forms the DNA and their complementary base pair. (foodshareonline.com)
DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides , each of which is usually symbolized by a single letter: either A, T, C, or G. [7] [8] The structure of DNA is dynamic along its length, being capable of coiling into tight loops and other shapes. (wikipedia.org)
This means the nucleotides in each strand of DNA are exactly complementary to that in the other strand. (news-medical.net)
Finally, we examined DNA polymerase insertion of nucleotides in front of the saccharide unit. (rsc.org)
DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides, each of which is usually symbolized by a single letter: either A, T, C, or G. Chargaff's rules state that DNA from any species of any organism should have a 1:1 protein stoichiometry ratio (base pair rule) of purine and pyrimidine bases (i.e. (wikipedia.org)

On the basis of sequences from peptides of BTF3, we have now cloned two complementary DNAs, one for a protein (BTF3a) with all the characteristics of purified BTF3, and one for a shorter protein (BTF3b) lacking the first 44 residues of BTF3a and which is transcriptionally inactive, despite its ability to bind RNA pol II. (nih.gov)
The sequences of the complementary DNAs from the two species are 66% homologous while the deduced amino acid sequences are 86% similar when analogous amino acids are included. (plantphysiol.org)
A high percentage of the differences in the DNA sequences is due to the extremely strong bias in the corn gene to have a G/C base in the third codon position with 559/569 codons ending in a G or C. Using a hydroponic system, maize seedlings grown in the absence of an exogenous nitrogen source were induced with nitrate or nitrite. (plantphysiol.org)
Thus, 3n7nz A ( 1 ) has the potential for use as a fluorescent probe for structural studies of DNAs/RNAs including the detection of single-base alterations in target DNA sequences. (rsc.org)
This property enables the design on a higher structural level without having to program the detailed DNA strand sequences for connecting components. (jbsdonline.com)
The following DNA sequences illustrate pair complex or base pair in DNA. (foodshareonline.com)
Complementary sequences will pair up in RNA just as they do in DNA. (encyclopedia.com)
group of bacterial DNA sequences that is used to defend against viruses. (coursehero.com)
A large part of DNA (more than 98% for humans) is non-coding , meaning that these sections do not serve as patterns for protein sequences . (wikipedia.org)
But now many of the DNA sequences formerly relegated to the junk pile have begun to obtain new respect for their role in genome structure and function, gene regulation and rapid speciation. (creation.com)
A new creationist theory may explain how this rapid diversification came about by the changes caused by repetitive and mobile DNA sequences. (creation.com)
With the discovery that many of these sequences seemed to have arisen from mobile DNAs which are able to reproduce themselves, the selfish or parasitic DNA hypothesis was born. (creation.com)
Just as Plasterk was wrong about our reason for living, he is wrong about the purposes of these DNA sequences. (creation.com)

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. (harvard.edu)
Small circular single-stranded DNA satellites, termed DNAβ, have recently been found associated with some geminivirus infections. (apsnet.org)
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of reverse transcriptase . (emf-portal.org)

In molecular biology, RNA is purified from source material after genomic DNA, proteins and other cellular components are removed. (wikipedia.org)
To remove DNA and proteins, enzymes such as DNase and Proteinase K are used for degradation. (wikipedia.org)
The length of helical viruses can depend on the length of the genome, the DNA or RNA within, since there are often regular structural interactions between the nucleic acids of the genome and the proteins that cover it. (encyclopedia.com)
Within eukaryotic chromosomes, chromatin proteins, such as histones , compact and organize DNA. (wikipedia.org)
These compacting structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. (wikipedia.org)

Five UDP glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) were synthesized from complementary DNAs expressed in COS 7 cells and were tested for their capacities to glucuronidate a range of 2-acetylaminofluorene and benzo( a )pyrene-hydroxylated metabolites. (aacrjournals.org)
The types of junk DNA include introns, pseudogenes, and mobile and repetitive DNAs. (creation.com)

The hypothesis we are suggesting is that the template is the pattern of bases formed by one chain of the deoxyribonucleic acid and that the gene contains a complementary pair of such templates. (google.com)

Usage information: Cloning of a complementary DNA coding for the 100-kD antigenic protein of the PM-Scl autoantigen. (jci.org)

A double stranded DNA produced from the messenger RNA synthesis in a reaction catalyzed by an enzymes reverse transcriptase. (biology-online.org)

In other words, each strand acts as a blueprint to produce a complementary strand. (jrank.org)
The association of a DNA or RNA strand to its complement is one of the basic research tools of the molecular biologist. (jrank.org)
Northern blot analysis of RNA from the transgenic plants, using strand-specific probes, identified a single complementary-sense transcript. (apsnet.org)
These structures demonstrate that Polμ may address complementary DSB substrates during NHEJ in a manner indistinguishable from single-strand breaks. (rcsb.org)
Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase connects to the DNA template strand in an area called the promoter region and starts stringing together a new complementary RNA strand in the 3' to 5' direction. (enotes.com)
Therefore if the original DNA template strand read ACGT, the RNA strand will attach uracil to adenine so the complementary RNA strand will read UGCA. (enotes.com)
Our study demonstrated that incorporation of the nucleoside analog PDZ-dG (3-(deoxyguanosin-N2-yl)-2-acetylamino-5-[(5-phenyloxadiazole)-2-yl]-benzene, or its analogs) into synthetic oligonucleotides significantly stabilizes the duplexes formed by these oligonucleotides and a complementary DNA strand. (jbsdonline.com)
In addition to substantial enhancement of DNA thermal stability, the PDZ-dG containing oligonucleotides demonstrate increased mismatch discrimination, especially when the mismatched base in the opposite strand is adenine or guanine. (jbsdonline.com)
The result of first-strand syntheses, RNA-DNA hybrids, can be processed through multiple second-strand synthesis methods or processed directly in downstream assays. (wikipedia.org)
Replication relies on complementary base pairing, to synthesize the new complementary strand. (foodshareonline.com)
The base pairing of guanine (G) The template strand is complementary to the coding strand. (foodshareonline.com)
During the DNA replication and repair synthesis, DNA polymerases add deoxynucleotides onto the growing end of a DNA primer strand using a singlestranded DNA as a template. (uni-konstanz.de)

This permits the "real time" examination of DNA synthesis . (jrank.org)
5/05/2010 Multiple Choice Questions on DNA and Protein Synthesis Which of the following is an example of complementary base pairing? (foodshareonline.com)
Thus, the primary design goal for DNA polymerases with altered functions is high specificity in formation of Watson- Crick base pairs during DNA synthesis. (uni-konstanz.de)

Why is DNA replication important? (reference.com)
DNA replication occurs within the nucleus of. (reference.com)
Before typical cell division , these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication , providing a complete set of chromosomes for each daughter cell. (wikipedia.org)

College of Complementary Medicine (CCM) is an accredited college with campuses in Sydney and Melbourne. (naturaltherapypages.com.au)
Why Choose the College of Complementary Medicine? (naturaltherapypages.com.au)

DNA microarray also many other names, including DNA chip�?genome chip�?expression chip and gene array. (marketwatch.com)

Our results indicate that βC1 protein is responsible for DNA β-induced disease symptoms. (apsnet.org)
We identified and characterized a human orthologue of Rif1 protein, which in budding yeast interacts in vivo with the major duplex telomeric DNA binding protein Rap1p and negatively regulates telomere length. (isharonline.org)
The pGLO plasmid is a small circular piece of DNA that contains the gene to produce green fluorescent protein in the model organism. (reference.com)

The structure of DNA is dynamic along its length, being capable of coiling into tight loops and other shapes. (wikipedia.org)

Sequencing and expression of complementary DNA for the general transcription factor BTF3. (nih.gov)
What is the complementary RNA base pairing that would occur during transcription? (enotes.com)
Different methods including flow cytometry, comet assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were used to show the effects of juice exposure on the level of DNA damage and the reduction of cancerous cells. (biomedcentral.com)
questions on DNA transcription to RNA. (foodshareonline.com)

DNA has four nitrogenous bases: (A) adenine, (T) thymine, (C) cytosine, and (G) guanine. (enotes.com)
Properties of pseudo-complementary DNA substituted with weakly pairing analogs of guanine or cytosine. (jefferson.edu)
and Gamper, Howard, "Properties of pseudo-complementary DNA substituted with weakly pairing analogs of guanine or cytosine. (jefferson.edu)
All Watson-Crick hydrogen bonds, including the hydrogen bonds between the PDZ-dG and complementary cytosine, are fully preserved in the duplex, and all corresponding imino protons are clearly visible on the NOESY spectra in H 2 O. (jbsdonline.com)

The different chemical molecules that make up DNA also do not pair up nonspecifically. (jrank.org)
The majority of genetic information is stored within individual DNA molecules, although it is found in other cellular locations as well. (reference.com)
DNA molecules are the first levels of storage for genetic material. (reference.com)

The order of the bases in DNA spines houses instructions for producing and replicating substances throughout the human body. (reference.com)
The complementary nitrogenous bases are divided into two groups, pyrimidines and purines . (wikipedia.org)

the free base of zebularine) and 6-methylfuranopyrimidinone (MefP), were prepared as dNTPs and evaluated as substrates for T7 and Phi29 DNA polymerases that lacked editor function. (jefferson.edu)
In contrast, Bst 2.0, SIII and BIOTAQ™ DNA polymerases seem to display a loop-out mechanism possibly due to the flexible glycerol linker used instead of deoxyribose. (rsc.org)

We examined the cell proliferation effect and mechanism of C. concinna -derived cryptocaryone (CPC) on oral cancer cells in terms of cell viability, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial depolarization, and DNA damage. (biomedcentral.com)
Moreover, γH2AX flow cytometry showed DNA damage in CPC-treated Ca9-22 cells. (biomedcentral.com)
CPC-induced cell responses in terms of cell viability, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and DNA damage were rescued by N-acetylcysteine pretreatment, suggesting that oxidative stress plays an important role in CPC-induced death of oral cancer cells. (biomedcentral.com)
RNA is transcribed from genomic DNA in host cells and is extracted by first lysing cells then purifying RNA utilizing widely-used methods such as phenol-chloroform, silica column, and bead-based RNA extraction methods. (wikipedia.org)
Transfection of BEAS-2B cells with RIG-I complementary DNA resulted in the upregulation of STAT1. (ersjournals.com)
These resting cells likely integrate HIV-DNA upon activation and then contribute to HIV viremia and viral spread. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Within eukaryotic cells, DNA is organized into long structures called chromosomes . (wikipedia.org)
and expression and integration of viral DNA in animal cells. (elsevier.com)

Here we screened several highly destabilizing analogs of G and C for one that could be used with 2-aminoadenine (nA) and 2-thiothymine (sT) to generate structure-free DNA that is fully accessible to complementary probes. (jefferson.edu)
A DNA microarray consists of a predetermined assortment of nucleic acid probes attached to a surface. (marketwatch.com)

In C. elegans , the nuclear-localized Agos HRDE-1 (germline) and NRDE-3 (soma) bind 2° siRNAs in the cytoplasm, move to the nucleus, and interact with complementary nascent transcripts via base pairing of their associated 2° siRNAs. (genetics.org)
[5] In contrast, prokaryotes ( bacteria and archaea ) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm , in circular chromosomes . (wikipedia.org)

A microarray is a tiny, bio-compatible silicon chip capable of rapid identification and precise multiplexed analysis of nucleic acids (DNA/RNA). (marketwatch.com)
The Austrian biochemist Erwin Chargaff, inspired by Oswald Avery's 1944 paper on DNA as genetic material, launched a research project focused on the chemistry of nucleic acids in the 1950s. (news-medical.net)

An Introduction to Molecular Biology/DNA the unit of life. (foodshareonline.com)

Antisense DNA is currently an approved therapy for cytomegalovirus infections of the eye, under the trade name Vitravene. (encyclopedia.com)
Antisense DNA is also being explored for therapy of HIV , some cancers, and other diseases. (encyclopedia.com)

Zaliznyak T., Bonala R., Johnson F., de los Santos C. (2006) Structure and Stability of Duplex DNA Containing the 3-(Deoxyguanosin-N 2 )--yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene (dG(N 2 )-AAF) Lesion: A Bulky Adduct that Persists in Cellular DNA. (jbsdonline.com)

Although viruses share several features with living organisms, such as the presence of genetic material (DNA or RNA), they are not considered to be alive. (encyclopedia.com)
Criteria are presented by which to identify legitimate junk DNA, and to try to decipher the genetic clues of how genomes function now and in the past, when rates of change of genomes may have been very different. (creation.com)

For instance, the newt Triturus cristatus has around six times as much DNA as humans, who have about 7.5 times as much as the pufferfish Fugu rubripes . (creation.com)

The idea that a large portion of the genomes of eukaryotes * 4 is made up of useless evolutionary remnants comes from the problem known as the 'c-value paradox', 'c' meaning the haploid * chromosomal DNA content. (creation.com)

Eukaryotic organisms ( animals , plants , fungi and protists ) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus as nuclear DNA , and some in the mitochondria as mitochondrial DNA or in chloroplasts as chloroplast DNA . (wikipedia.org)
The last decade of the 20th century has seen an explosion in research into the structure and function of the DNA in genomes of a wide range of organisms. (creation.com)
As of April 2000, the whole genomes, or full DNA complements of over 600 organisms have been sequenced or mapped. (creation.com)
Junk or 'selfish' DNA is believed to be largely parasitic in nature, persisting in the genomes of higher organisms as 'evolutionary remnants' by their ability to reproduce and spread themselves, or perhaps because they have supposedly mutated into a function the cell can use. (creation.com)

Southern blot analysis showed FS39 to be a single copy gene, and hybridization to human genomic DNA suggested that a human equivalent gene is present. (bioone.org)
2006). Systematic study of the effect of exocyclic bulky aromatic groups on the DNA stability allowed us to identify novel dG analogs that considerably improve oligonucleotide hybridization properties. (jbsdonline.com)
That makes the PDZ-dG monomer a potentially useful tool for creation of various DNA hybridization methods, especially for detection of point mutations. (jbsdonline.com)

Differences in the results between DNA and RNA-based profiling demonstrated that DNA results alone can lead to the underestimation of active members in the community, highlighting the importance of using a complementary approach to obtain a broad general overview not only of total and active members but also in the predicted functionality. (frontiersin.org)

One strategy to prevent degradation is to chemically modify the DNA to interfere with nuclease action. (encyclopedia.com)

Subcellular distribution of signal recognition particle and 7SL-RNA determined with polypeptide-specific antibodies and complementary DNA probe. (ucsf.edu)

With this technique, they were able to identify several active variants of the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I from thermus aquaticus with significant higher extension fidelity than the wild-type enzyme. (uni-konstanz.de)

If the complementary DNA is labeled with a compound that fluoresces, then the binding of the fluorescent probe can actually be visualized using a microscope . (jrank.org)

Half contained illegal substances, including toxic metals, prescription medications, stimulants and animal DNA, none of which were listed on the product's label. (blogspot.com)

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes10

Information Science15

Health Care2

Publication Characteristics6

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (1/28861)

Molecular cloning and epitope analysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 3. (2/28861)

ETO-2, a new member of the ETO-family of nuclear proteins. (3/28861)

Control of growth and differentiation by Drosophila RasGAP, a homolog of p120 Ras-GTPase-activating protein. (4/28861)

Mammalian staufen is a double-stranded-RNA- and tubulin-binding protein which localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (5/28861)

Identification and characterization of the human orthologue of yeast Pex14p. (6/28861)

Down-regulation of RpS21, a putative translation initiation factor interacting with P40, produces viable minute imagos and larval lethality with overgrown hematopoietic organs and imaginal discs. (7/28861)

DEF-1, a novel Src SH3 binding protein that promotes adipogenesis in fibroblastic cell lines. (8/28861)

Dictionaries, Medical

Dictionaries as Topic

Crowdsourcing

Terminology as Topic

DNA, Complementary

Dictionaries, Chemical

Vocabulary, Controlled

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.

Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis

Research Support, U.S. Government

Research Support, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act

Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

RNA

High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Psychology, Experimental

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Vitamin K 3

Catalysis

Molecular Sequence Data

Phonetics

Language

RNA, Messenger

Internet

Databases, Protein

User-Computer Interface

Software

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Dependovirus

Models, Molecular

Natural Springs

Biota

RNA, Ribosomal, 16S

Bacteria

Corrosion

Phylogeny

Biodiversity

RNA, Complementary

Base Sequence

Base Pairing

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Transcription, Genetic

Regulation of body length and male tail ray pattern formation of Caenorhabditis elegans by a member of TGF-beta family. (1/28861)

Molecular cloning and epitope analysis of the peanut allergen Ara h 3. (2/28861)

ETO-2, a new member of the ETO-family of nuclear proteins. (3/28861)

Control of growth and differentiation by Drosophila RasGAP, a homolog of p120 Ras-GTPase-activating protein. (4/28861)

Mammalian staufen is a double-stranded-RNA- and tubulin-binding protein which localizes to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. (5/28861)

Identification and characterization of the human orthologue of yeast Pex14p. (6/28861)

Down-regulation of RpS21, a putative translation initiation factor interacting with P40, produces viable minute imagos and larval lethality with overgrown hematopoietic organs and imaginal discs. (7/28861)

DEF-1, a novel Src SH3 binding protein that promotes adipogenesis in fibroblastic cell lines. (8/28861)

Kazusa cDNA project 2002: Of Mice and Men

British Library EThOS: Gene expression profiling in rat tissues by cDNA representational difference analysis

MouseMine: Publication Prediction of the coding sequences of mouse homologues of KIAA gene: III. the complete nucleotide...

Differential Display Methods and Protocols

cDNA Synthesis Kits - SMART cDNA Synthesis

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Verification result of the assembled full-length cDNA. | Open-i

complementary DNA

宝日医生物技术(北京)有限公司

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Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. XI. The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain...

Subtractive cDNA Library Construction Service - Creative Biogene

Functional annotation of a full-length Arabidopsis cDNA collection | Read by QxMD

Construction and analysis of full-length and normalized cDNA libraries from citrus

exosome def - Nasco Farm Online Laboratory Catalogue

Welcome to ROUGE protein database

Gentaur Molecular :GenWay \ Full-length cDNA clone CS0DI023YE22 of Placenta of Homo sapiens - human \ 10-288-22076F

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Gene Expression Literature Detail

cdna-synthesis-and-reverse-transcriptases | NEB

Gentaur Molecular :GeneRiver \ Heart cDNA \ CDHU002

Highly specific cDNA synthesis for qPCR

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Cloning and characterization of a mouse brain calcitonin receptor complementary deoxyribonucleic acid and mapping of the...

Generating and Sequencing Full-length cDNAs of Novel Human Genes Within the German cDNA Consortium

Invitrogen™ Cloned AMV First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit 100 reactions Invitrogen™ Cloned AMV First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit

Leicester Research Archive: Integrative annotation of 21,037 human genes validated by full-length cDNA clones

First-Strand cDNA Synthesis,EasyScript® First-Strand cDNA Synthesis SuperMix,RT-PCR,Beijing Tra

$Gentaur Molecular :GenWay \ Full-length cDNA clone CS0DI023YE22 of Placenta of Homo sapiens - human \ 10-288-22076F$ Gentaur Molecular :GenWay \ Full-length cDNA clone CS0DI023YE22 of Placenta of Homo sapiens - human \ 10-288-22076F

$Gentaur Molecular :GeneRiver \ Heart cDNA \ CDHU002$ Gentaur Molecular :GeneRiver \ Heart cDNA \ CDHU002

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