Suppression of smooth muscle cell proliferation by a c-myc RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme. (1/210)

A small catalytic DNA molecule targeting c-myc RNA was found to be a potent inhibitor of smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation. The catalytic domain of this molecule was based on that previously derived by in vitro selection (Santoro, S. W., and Joyce, G. F. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 4262-4266) and is known as the "10-23" general purpose RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme. In addition to inhibiting SMC proliferation at low concentration, this molecule (targeting the translation initiation region of c-myc RNA) was found to efficiently cleave its full-length substrate in vitro and down-regulate c-myc gene expression in smooth muscle cells. The serum nuclease stability of this molecule was enhanced without substantial loss of kinetic efficiency by inclusion of a 3'-3'-internucleotide inversion at the 3'-terminal. The extent of SMC suppression was found to be influenced by the length of the substrate binding arms. This correlated to some extent with catalytic activity in both the short substrate under multiple turnover conditions and the full-length substrate under single turnover conditions, with the 9 + 9 base arm molecule producing the greatest activity.  (+info)

Inhibition of infection of incoming HIV-1 virus by RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme. (2/210)

Nine different DNA enzymes (DzV3-n, n=1-9) targeting the V3 loop region of HIV-1 HXB2 were synthesized. One of those, DzV3-9, efficiently cleaved the target in the conserved sequence in the RNA transcript in vitro. DzV3-9 was stable in the cells and inhibited replication of both NL432 and SF162 strains in U87 cells expressing CD4 and co-receptors. The inhibitory effect of DNAzyme on incoming HIV-1 was also demonstrated with pseudotype virions generated by NL432-based luciferase reporter genes. Thus, an efficient, stable DNAzyme against a functionally important region of HIV-1 was identified, and it may be useful for prevention of HIV-1 infection.  (+info)

A ribozyme and a catalytic DNA with peroxidase activity: active sites versus cofactor-binding sites. (3/210)

BACKGROUND: An 18-nucleotide DNA oligomer, PS2.M, derived using an in vitro selection method was previously reported to bind hemin (Fe(III)-protoporphyrinIX) with submicromolar affinity. The DNA-hemin complex exhibited DNA-enhanced peroxidative activity. PS2. M is guanine-rich and requires potassium ions to fold to its active conformation, consistent with its forming a guanine-quaduplex. In investigating the specific catalytic features of PS2.M we tested the peroxidative properties of its RNA version (rPS2.M) as well as that of an unrelated DNA guanine-quadruplex, OXY4. RESULTS: The hemin-binding affinity of rPS2.M was found to be 30-fold weaker than that of PS2.M. The UV-visible spectra and kinetics of enzymatic peroxidation of the RNA-hemin complex, however, were nearly identical to those of its DNA counterpart. Both displayed peroxidase activity substantially greater than those of heme proteins such as catalase and Fe(III)-myoglobin. Kinetic analysis suggested that PS2. M and rPS2.M catalyzed the breakdown of the hemin-hydrogen peroxide covalent complex to products. The hemin complex of folded OXY4 (which bound hemin as strongly as did rPS2.M) had a distinct absorption spectrum and only a minor peroxidase activity above the background level. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that it is possible for RNA and DNA of the same sequence to fold to form comparable cofactor-binding sites, and to show comparable catalytic behavior. The results further suggest that only a subset of cofactor-binding sites formed within folded nucleic acids might be able to function as active sites, by providing the appropriate chemical environments for catalysis.  (+info)

In vitro selection and characterization of a highly efficient Zn(II)-dependent RNA-cleaving deoxyribozyme. (4/210)

A group of highly efficient Zn(II)-dependent RNA-cleaving deoxyribozymes has been obtained through in vitro selection. They share a common motif with the '8-17' deoxyribozyme isolated under different conditions, including different design of the random pool and metal ion cofactor. We found that this commonly selected motif can efficiently cleave both RNA and DNA/RNA chimeric substrates. It can cleave any substrate containing rNG (where rN is any ribo-nucleotide base and G can be either ribo- or deoxy-ribo-G). The pH profile and reaction products of this deoxyribozyme are similar to those reported for hammerhead ribozyme. This deoxyribozyme has higher activity in the presence of transition metal ions compared to alkaline earth metal ions. At saturating concentrations of Zn(2+), the cleavage rate is 1.35 min(-1)at pH 6.0; based on pH profile this rate is estimated to be at least approximately 30 times faster at pH 7.5, where most assays of Mg(2+)-dependent DNA and RNA enzymes are carried out. This work represents a comprehensive characterization of a nucleic acid-based endonuclease that prefers transition metal ions to alkaline earth metal ions. The results demonstrate that nucleic acid enzymes are capable of binding transition metal ions such as Zn(2+)with high affinity, and the resulting enzymes are more efficient at RNA cleavage than most Mg(2+)-dependent nucleic acid enzymes under similar conditions.  (+info)

Nucleic acid mutation analysis using catalytic DNA. (5/210)

The sequence specificity of the '10-23' RNA-cleaving DNA enzyme (deoxyribozyme) was utilised to discriminate between subtle differences in nucleic acid sequence in a relatively conserved segment of the L1 gene from a number of different human papilloma virus (HPV) genotypes. DNA enzymes specific for the different HPV types were found to cleave their respective target oligoribonucleotide substrates with high efficiency compared with their unmatched counterparts, which were usually not cleaved or cleaved with very low efficiency. This specificity was achieved despite the existence of only very small differences in the sequence of one binding arm. As an example of how this methodology may be applied to mutation analysis of tissue samples, type-specific deoxyribozyme cleavable substrates were generated by genomic PCR using a chimeric primer containing three bases of RNA. The RNA component enabled each amplicon to be cleavable in the presence of its matching deoxyribozyme. In this format, the specificity of deoxyribozyme cleavage is defined by Watson-Crick interactions between one substrate-binding domain (arm I) and the polymorphic sequence which is amplified during PCR. Deoxy-ribozyme-mediated cleavage of amplicons generated by this method was used to examine the HPV status of genomic DNA derived from Caski cells, which are known to be positive for HPV16. This method is applicable to many types of nucleic acid sequence variation, including single nucleotide polymorphisms.  (+info)

Multifunctional DNA conjugates for the in vitro selection of new catalysts. (6/210)

DNA-substrate conjugates are required for the direct in vitro selection of novel DNA catalysts for reactions between two small reactants. Here we describe the introduction of all necessary features into ssDNA by a novel, multifunctional primer containing a flexible PEG spacer, an o-nitrobenzyl moiety allowing for selective photocleavage, and anthracene as a reactant, a fluorescence label and/or an immobilization tag. These components were checked individually and by a mock selection.  (+info)

Preferential activation of the 8-17 deoxyribozyme by Ca(2+) ions. Evidence for the identity of 8-17 with the catalytic domain of the Mg5 deoxyribozyme. (7/210)

The 8-17 deoxyribozyme is a small RNA-cleaving DNA molecule of potential therapeutic interest. Here, the cleavage rates of 16 variants of the 8-17 deoxyribozyme were measured in the presence of different divalent metal ions. Despite the fact that 8-17 was originally selected in vitro for activity in the presence of Mg(2+) (Santoro, S. W., and Joyce, G. F. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 4262-4266) nearly all the 8-17 variants exhibited substantially higher (up to 20-fold) reaction rates in Ca(2+) as compared with Mg(2+). This preference for calcium ions critically depended on the nucleoside residues at two specific positions of the deoxyribozyme core. The Ca(2+) specificity of 8-17 is strongly reminiscent of the properties of Mg5, an RNA phosphodiester-cleaving deoxyribozyme previously isolated by Faulhammer and Famulok (Faulhammer, D., and Famulok, M. (1996) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 35, 2837-2841). Indeed, analysis of the Mg5 sequence revealed the presence of a complete 8-17 motif, coincident with the conserved region of Mg5. An 8-17 deoxyribozyme modeled after the Mg5 conserved region displayed catalytic features comparable with those reported for the full-length Mg5 deoxyribozyme.  (+info)

In vitro selection of deoxyribozymes with DNA capping activity. (8/210)

In vitro selection was used to isolate a series of deoxyribozymes from a pool of random-sequence DNAs that catalyze an ATP-dependent self-capping reaction. Each deoxyribozyme catalyzes the transfer of the nucleoside and alpha-phosphate moieties of ATP to the phosphate group located at its 5' terminus, thereby creating a 5',5'-pyrophosphate cap. This same pyrophosphate cap structure is formed by T4 DNA ligase during the classical process of DNA ligation. These DNA capping enzymes representative of a collection of self-processing deoxyribozymes that can be used for the directed modification of DNA.  (+info)

... polymerase with DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex: a link between DNA strand break detection and DNA replication". Nucleic ... DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLA1 gene. This gene encodes the p180 ... "Inhibition of DNA replication and DNA polymerase alpha activity by monoclonal anti-(DNA polymerase alpha) immunoglobulin G and ... The Pol α complex (pol α-DNA primase complex) consists of four subunits: the catalytic subunit POLA1, the regulatory subunit ...
Bonocora RP, Shub DA (December 2004). "A self-splicing group I intron in DNA polymerase genes of T7-like bacteriophages". J. ... Steitz, TA; Steitz JA (1993). "A general two-metal-ion mechanism for catalytic RNA". Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90 (14): 6498-6502 ... leading to the ligation of the adjacent upstream and downstream exons and release of the catalytic intron. Two-metal-ion ...
"Motion-based DNA detection using catalytic nanomotors". Nature Communications. 1 (1): 36. Bibcode:2010NatCo...1...36W. doi: ... bioelectronics and nanotechnology to fashion nanocrystals that can act as amplifying tags for DNA or protein biosensors. His ... a novel motion-based DNA biosensing, nanomachine-enabled isolation of biological targets, such as cancer cell identification, ...
This DNA gyrase inactivation by AMPylation leads to the activation of SOS response, which is the cellular response to DNA ... Unlike the bacterial GS-ATase, FICD carries out both reactions with same catalytic domain. AMPylation is involved in bacterial ... These two families are the DNA-β-polymerase-like and the Fic family. DNA-β-polymerase-like, is a family of ... AMPylator is created by two catalytic homologous halves. One half is responsible for catalyzing the adenylylation reaction, ...
... and causes linkages between strands of DNA. This chemical alteration inhibits DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis, functions ... Catalytic hydrogenation produced the corresponding aniline. Heating in acid with oxirane, followed by treatment with phosphorus ... It works by interfering with the creation of DNA and RNA. Melphalan was approved for medical use in the United States in 1964. ... bone marrow failure due to melphalan not being withdrawn early enough Cardiac arrest Melphalan chemically alters the DNA ...
... is the catalytic subunit of a nuclear DNA-dependent serine/threonine protein kinase called DNA-PK. The second ... DNA-dependent protein kinase, catalytic subunit, also known as DNA-PKcs, is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the gene ... On its own, DNA-PKcs is inactive and relies on Ku to direct it to DNA ends and trigger its kinase activity. DNA-PKcs is ... Lee HS, Yang HK, Kim WH, Choe G (April 2005). "Loss of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) expression in ...
O'Brien PJ (February 2006). "Catalytic promiscuity and the divergent evolution of DNA repair enzymes". Chemical Reviews. 106 (2 ... Reduced expression of DNA repair genes causes deficient DNA repair. When DNA repair is deficient DNA damages remain in cells at ... Biology portal Accelerated aging disease Aging DNA Cell cycle DNA damage (naturally occurring) DNA damage theory of aging DNA ... Human DNA Repair Genes 3D structures of some DNA repair enzymes Human DNA repair diseases DNA repair special interest group DNA ...
Wu, Xing (2011). "Cadmium Is a Catalytic Inhibitor of DNA Topoisomerase II". Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry. 105 (6): 833-8 ... Cadmium has been shown to be carcinogenic due to interactions with DNA topoisomerase IIα. This enzyme helps facilitate cell ... division and DNA repair, specifically with double strand breaks. Cadmium cations react with the topoisomerase in the following ...
DNA Research. 4 (5): 355-8. doi:10.1093/dnares/4.5.355. PMID 9455486. "Entrez Gene: PIK3CD phosphoinositide-3-kinase, catalytic ... Like the other class IA PI3Ks, p110δ is a catalytic subunit, whose activity and subcellular localisation are controlled by an ... January 2014). "Dominant-activating germline mutations in the gene encoding the PI(3)K catalytic subunit p110δ result in T cell ... Inherited mutations in the PIK3CD gene which increase p110δ catalytic activity cause a primary immunodeficiency syndrome called ...
The complete sequences of 100 new cDNA clones from brain which code for large proteins in vitro". DNA Research. 5 (5): 277-286 ... The MITR protein lacks the histone deacetylase catalytic domain. It represses MEF2 activity through recruitment of ... The MITR protein lacks the histone deacetylase catalytic domain. It represses MEF2 activity through recruitment of ... Histone acetylation/deacetylation alters chromosome structure and affects transcription factor access to DNA. The protein ...
Saito T, Seki N, Ishii H, Ohira M, Hayashi A, Kozuma S, Hori T (August 1997). "Complementary DNA cloning and chromosomal ... "Entrez Gene: PIK4CB phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase, catalytic, beta polypeptide". de Graaf P, Klapisz EE, Schulz TK, Cremers AF ... mapping of a novel phosphatidylinositol kinase gene". DNA Research. 4 (4): 301-5. doi:10.1093/dnares/4.4.301. PMID 9405938. " ...
DNA polymerase epsilon catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLE gene. It is the central catalytic ... Kesti T, Frantti H, Syväoja JE (1993). "Molecular cloning of the cDNA for the catalytic subunit of human DNA polymerase epsilon ... Popanda O, Thielmann HW (1992). "The function of DNA polymerases in DNA repair synthesis of ultraviolet-irradiated human ... Fuss J, Linn S (2002). "Human DNA polymerase epsilon colocalizes with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and DNA replication ...
This gene is located on the long arm of chromosome 10 (10q22.3). This gene encodes the largest subunit (A) of the DNA directed ... This subunit includes the catalytic site of RNA polymerase III. Mutations in this gene have been associated with ...
... glucose binding and identification of the catalytic base for a direct displacement mechanism". J Mol Biol. 330 (5): 1077-86. ... modified DNA through beta-Glycosidic bond. The role of the enzyme is to protect the infecting viral DNA from the bacteria's ... which modify DNA by transferring glucose from uridine diphosphoglucose to 5-hydroxymethyl cytosine bases of phage T4 DNA. Beta- ... In enzymology, a DNA beta-glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.27) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta-D ...
Mutations in this gene are found in the DNA of only a small fraction of patients with the disease. SDHAF2 interacts with SDHA ... and interacts with the catalytic subunit of the complex. SDHAF2 participates in the flavination of SDH1(SDHA), another subunit ... within the SDH catalytic dimer. In addition to SDHA, SDHAF2 has 17 protein-protein interactions, including interactions with ...
Outside of the tyrosine residue, there is a conserved catalytic pentad. This pentad is made up of a lysine (Lysβ), two ... The nucleophilic properties of the tyrosine attack and bind to the 3'-phosphate at the point of DNA cleavage. The resulting 5'- ... hydroxyl group of the cleaved DNA acts as the nucleophile and attacks the 3'-phosphate on the complementarily cleaved DNA ... Senecoff JF, Rossmeissl PJ, Cox MM (May 1988). "DNA recognition by the FLP recombinase of the yeast 2 mu plasmid. A mutational ...
Single stranded DNA, abbreviated ssDNA, is the substrate that is catalyzed in the C→U deamination reaction of APOBEC3A. A3A has ... Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide-like 3A, also known as APOBEC3A, or A3A is a gene of the APOBEC3 ... It is a single-domain DNA cytidine deaminase with antiviral effects. While other members of the family such as APOBEC3G are ... APOBEC3A functions best at an acidic pH, with maximal catalytic activity at pH 5.5. Another protein of the APOBEC family very ...
Additionally, catalytic poisons can interfere with ATPase and DNA strand passageways leading to stabilization of the DNA ... TopoII catalytic inhibitors bind the N-terminal ATPase subunit of TopoII, preventing the release of the separated DNA strands ... Andoh, Toshiwo; Ishida, Ryoji (1998-10-01). "Catalytic inhibitors of DNA topoisomerase II". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA ... They also inhibit DNA gyrase's ability to bind to DNA instead of inhibiting ATPase activity, and produces several antibiotic ...
The second catalytic DNMT (lower 3A2 in Figure) is placed at the linker DNA. Methylations can take place within this linker DNA ... The catalytic domain (the methyltransferase domain) is highly conserved, even among prokaryotes. The three DNA ... This enzyme is responsible for de novo DNA methylation. Such function is to be distinguished from maintenance DNA methylation ... which have no catalytic activity), complexed to two DNMTs with a catalytic domain, occur as a heterotetramer (see Figure). ...
Deoxyribozymes, also called DNAzymes or catalytic DNA, were first discovered in 1994. They are mostly single stranded DNA ... DNA exists in many possible conformations that include A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms, although only B-DNA and Z-DNA have been ... In DNA replication, DNA-dependent DNA polymerases make copies of DNA polynucleotide chains. To preserve biological information ... DNA at Curlie DNA binding site prediction on protein DNA the Double Helix Game From the official Nobel Prize web site DNA under ...
"Entrez Gene: REV3L REV3-like, catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta (yeast)". Murakumo Y, Roth T, Ishii H, Rasio D, Numata S ... Protein reversionless 3-like (REV3L) also known as DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit (POLZ) is an enzyme that in humans is ... 2001). "The error-prone DNA polymerase zeta catalytic subunit (Rev3) gene is ubiquitously expressed in normal and malignant ... which encodes the catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase zeta". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95 (12): 6876-80. Bibcode:1998PNAS... ...
The exonuclease domain contains its own catalytic site and removes mispaired bases. Among the seven different DNA polymerase ... E. coli bacteria produces 5 different DNA polymerases: DNA Pol I, DNA Pol II, DNA Pol III, DNA Pol IV, and DNA Pol V. ... which retains only the DNA polymerase and proofreading activities. DNA polymerase II DNA polymerase III DNA polymerase V Lehman ... Eukaryotic DNA polymerase β is most similar to E. coli DNA Pol I because its main function is associated with DNA repair, ...
Catalytic amounts of aqueous CAN allow the efficient synthesis of quinoxaline derivatives. Quinoxalines are known for their ... applications as dyes, organic semiconductors, and DNA cleaving agents. These derivatives are also components in antibiotics ...
"An artificial metalloenzyme for catalytic cancer-specific DNA cleavage and operando imaging". Science Advances. 6 (29): ... Enhanced enzyme-like catalytic activity was reported under non-equilibrium conditions for gold nanozymes. A density functional ... H 2O 2 was reported as displacing label DNA, adsorbed to nanoceria, into solution, where it fluoresces, providing a highly ... A carbon dot-based topoisomerase I mimic was reported to cleave DNA. Nanozyme sensor arrays were developed to detect pesticides ...
doi:10.1089/dna.1.1989.8.675. PMID 2558868. "Entrez Gene: PPP3CB protein phosphatase 3 (formerly 2B), catalytic subunit, beta ... Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2B catalytic subunit beta isoform (PP2BB) is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ... Muramatsu T, Kincaid RL (1993). "Molecular cloning of a full-length cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit of human calmodulin- ... McPartlin AE, Barker HM, Cohen PT (1991). "Identification of a third alternatively spliced cDNA encoding the catalytic subunit ...
2004). "Analysis of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase I catalytic residues". J. Mol. Biol. 338 (5): 895-906. doi:10.1016/j. ... "Entrez Gene: TDP1 tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 1". El-Khamisy SF, Caldecott KW (2007). "TDP1-dependent DNA single-strand break ... "Insights into substrate binding and catalytic mechanism of human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (Tdp1) from vanadate and ... overhangs of DNA double strand breaks by the human tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase hTdp1". J. Biol. Chem. 277 (30): 27162-8. doi: ...
This could lead to an abiotic cross-catalytic amplification of RNA and DNA. A continuous chemical reaction network in water and ... In 2020, coevolution of a RNA-DNA mixture based on diamidophosphate was proposed. The mixture of RNA-DNA sequences, called ... "RNA-DNA Chimeras in the Context of an RNA World Transition to an RNA/DNA World". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 55 ( ... This is advantageous in an abiotic scenario and these chimeras have been shown to replicate RNA and DNA - overcoming the " ...
"Distinct catalytic and non-catalytic roles of ARGONAUTE4 in RNA-directed DNA methylation". Nature. 443 (7114): 1008-1012. ... This process is referred to as RNA-directed DNA Methylation (RdDM) or Pol IV-mediated silencing as the introduction of these ... As heterochromatin is the silenced portion of DNA, it is formed when RNAP IV amplifies production of small interfering RNAs ( ... Herr, A. J.; Jensen, M. B.; Dalmay, T.; Baulcombe, D. C. (2005-04-01). "RNA polymerase IV directs silencing of endogenous DNA ...
... molecules using a DNA methyltransferase-like catalytic mechanism". RNA. 14 (8): 1663-70. doi:10.1261/rna.970408. PMC 2491481. ... "Methylation of tRNAAsp by the DNA methyltransferase homolog Dnmt2". Science. 311 (5759): 395-8. doi:10.1126/science.1120976. ...
Additionally, SELEX has been utilized to obtain highly specific catalytic DNA or DNAzymes. Several metal-specific DNAzymes have ... These DNA templates from eluted sequences are then amplified via PCR and converted to single stranded DNA, RNA, or modified ... These single-stranded DNA or RNA are commonly referred to as aptamers. Although SELEX has emerged as the most commonly used ... This will serve as input for the next cycle so it is of vital importance that all the DNA is single stranded and as little as ...
"Binding of Ku and c-Abl at the kinase homology region of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 272 ( ... A deficiency in expression of a DNA repair gene increases the risk for cancer (see Deficient DNA repair in carcinogenesis). ... "Binding of Ku and c-Abl at the kinase homology region of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 272 ( ... "The C terminus of Ku80 activates the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit". Mol. Cell. Biol. 19 (5): 3267-77. doi: ...
... polymerase with DNA polymerase alpha-primase complex: a link between DNA strand break detection and DNA replication". Nucleic ... DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLA1 gene. This gene encodes the p180 ... "Inhibition of DNA replication and DNA polymerase alpha activity by monoclonal anti-(DNA polymerase alpha) immunoglobulin G and ... The Pol α complex (pol α-DNA primase complex) consists of four subunits: the catalytic subunit POLA1, the regulatory subunit ...
DNA Polymerase beta with a gapped DNA substrate and dUMPNPP with magnesium in the catalytic site ... Magnesium-induced assembly of a complete DNA polymerase catalytic complex.. Batra, V.K., Beard, W.A., Shock, D.D., Krahn, J.M. ... DNA Polymerase beta with a gapped DNA substrate and dUMPNPP with magnesium in the catalytic site. *PDB DOI: https://doi.org/ ... Comparison with two new structures of DNA polymerase beta lacking the 3-OH or catalytic Mg2+ is described. These structures ...
Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 in complex with a small molecule inhibitor ... Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) is a 5-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase important for the repair of DNA adducts generated ... Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) is a 5-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase important for the repair of DNA adducts generated ... Crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase 2 in complex with a small molecule inhibitor. ...
Melanoma protective antitumor immunity activated by catalytic DNA *Hong Cai. *Eun-Ae Cho ... Unmodified DNA sequences were obtained from Sigma-Alderich (Standard Desalted). Modified DNA sequences and RNA sequences were ... 1a). By following a previous design17 the DNAzymes catalytic core was split into two parts between T8 and A9. Only upon the ... Our system can in principle receive any RNA (or DNA) sequence as its input and thus can sense for both miRNA and mRNA, as ...
The catalytic aggregation scheme also showed high target specificity. This application of a DNA reaction network to gold ... While direct aggregation forms an inter-particle linkagefrom only one target DNA strand, catalytic aggregation forms multiple ... Gelelectrophoresis was performed to compare DNA hybridization reactions in catalytic and direct aggregation schemes, and the ... Catalytic aggregation showed a multifold increase in sensitivity at low target concentrations when compared to direct ...
Structure and catalytic mechanism of a novel N-succinyl-L-ornithine transcarbamylase in arginine biosynthesis of Bacteroides ... DNA Primers * Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy * Mass Spectrometry * Models, Molecular * Molecular Sequence Data ...
Structural, magnetic, electrochemical, catalytic, DNA binding and cleavage studies of new macrocyclic binuclear copper(II) ... Structural, magnetic, electrochemical, catalytic, DNA binding and cleavage studies of new macrocyclic binuclear copper(II) ... Anbu S, Kandaswamy M, Suthakaran P, Murugan V, Varghese B. Structural, magnetic, electrochemical, catalytic, DNA binding and ... Anbu, S. ; Kandaswamy, M. ; Suthakaran, P. ; Murugan, V. ; Varghese, B. / Structural, magnetic, electrochemical, catalytic, DNA ...
Muguruma H. Biosensors, tutorial talk for catalytic, affinity, and DNA chip. A workshop on Biosensor Technology,. 2003 Jul 11. ... Muguruma, H. (2003). Biosensors, tutorial talk for catalytic, affinity, and DNA chip. A workshop on Biosensor Technology,. ... Biosensors, tutorial talk for catalytic, affinity, and DNA chip. / Muguruma, Hitoshi. In: A workshop on Biosensor Technology, ... Muguruma, H 2003, Biosensors, tutorial talk for catalytic, affinity, and DNA chip, A workshop on Biosensor Technology,. ...
Kroezen, B. (2010) DNA-based catalytic asymmetric allylic substitution. Bachelors Thesis, Chemistry. ... In this project a ligand was synthesized, that is suitable to interact with DNA and at the same time is able to coordinate ... The catalyst system is expected to be able to catalyze allylic substitutions, where the chirality of DNA is transferred to the ...
Raymond Hanley Sentenced to Life in Prison, DNA Helps Detectives Solve 24-Year-Old Cold Case Murder. Posted on: October 17, ... possess or sell a used catalytic converter or any nonferrous parts of a catalytic converter. Prior to May 2022, no law made it ... Help Deter Catalytic Converter Thefts. Posted on: August 22, 2022. County Attorney Announces Effort to Combat Animal Cruelty. ... A catalytic converter that is etched, stolen, and subsequently recovered by law enforcement can serve as evidence and aid in ...
Catalytic Inks 50. Resists 50. BIOLOGICAL INKS 51. DNA Inks 51. Protein Inks 52. Bio-Inks 53. EDIBLE INKS 53. INKJET ADVANTAGES ... Catalytic Inks 19. Resists 19. APPLICATIONS 19. TABLE 1 INKJET APPLICATIONS 20. PRODUCT DECORATION 20. FOODS AND FRAGRANCES 21 ...
Functional expression and characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit. ... The DNA polymerase and the exonuclease activities of the EBV DNA polymerase catalytic subunit were sensitive to ammonium ... Functional expression and characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit. Tsurumi T, Kobayashi A, ... The expressed EBV DNA polymerase catalytic polypeptide was purified from the cytosolic fraction of the recombinant virus- ...
CLASSICAL ROLE OF DNA-PKcs IN DNA DOUBLE-STRAND BREAK REPAIR. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), ... DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit (DNA-PKcs): Beyond the DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Ye-Rim Lee , Gi-Sue Kang ... DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit (DNA-PKcs): Beyond the DNA Double-Strand Break Repair. Ye-Rim Lee , Gi-Sue Kang ... 1. A diagram highlighting multiple roles of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) in cells. ...
EXAFS studies of catalytic DNA sensors for mercury contamination of water. B. Ravel, S. C. Slimmer, X. Meng, G. C.L. Wong, Y. ... EXAFS studies of catalytic DNA sensors for mercury contamination of water. / Ravel, B.; Slimmer, S. C.; Meng, X. et al. In: ... EXAFS studies of catalytic DNA sensors for mercury contamination of water. Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2009 Oct;78(10 ... EXAFS studies of catalytic DNA sensors for mercury contamination of water. In: Radiation Physics and Chemistry. 2009 ; Vol. 78 ...
Mutationl analysis of the damage-recognition and catalytic mechanism of human SMUG1 DNA glycosylase. In: Nucleic acids research ... Mutationl analysis of the damage-recognition and catalytic mechanism of human SMUG1 DNA glycosylase. Nucleic acids research. ... Dive into the research topics of Mutationl analysis of the damage-recognition and catalytic mechanism of human SMUG1 DNA ... Mutationl analysis of the damage-recognition and catalytic mechanism of human SMUG1 DNA glycosylase. / Matsubara, Mayumi; ...
Molecular movie captures DNA repair from start to finish 2023-12-01T10:29:00Z ... The idea was that if you attach small catalytic units to the branches of large dendrimers, the catalysts can take part in ... Size is important for catalytic dendrimers. Chemists at the University of St Andrews, UK, have synthesised a range of tree-like ... New catalytic process completely breaks down nylon-6 in minutes 2023-12-05T09:30:00Z ...
Role of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit in cancer development and treatment ... The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is the key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) ... Abstract: DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) ... Loss of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) expression in gastric cancers. Cancer Res Treat 2005;37:98- ...
Conclusion: the conserved areas of the human DNA polymerase e catalytic subunit require highly conserved structure for optimal ... Highly conserved region of the catalytic unit of human DNA polymerase epsilon in breast cancer.. ... Methods: 157 DNA samples from human breast cancers and 133 DNA control samples (lymph node, placenta) were analysed with the ... The aim: to study the potential mutations associated with conserved exon regions of the catalytic unit of human polymerase e in ...
POLG: DNA polymerase gamma, catalytic subunit. *POLH: DNA polymerase eta. *POLR1C: RNA polymerase I and III subunit C ... PRKAG2: protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit gamma 2. *PRKAR1A: protein kinase cAMP-dependent type I regulatory ... PIK3CD: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta. *PIK3R1: phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory ... PIK3CA: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha. * ...
... and the PAM is also required to activate the catalytic activity of Cas9. CRISPR/Cas9-based DNA targeting has quickly become a ... Target DNA sequences are recognized via a zip-up mechanism, where the sequential formation of RNA-DNA base pairs offsets the ... This study defines how a short DNA sequence, known as the PAM, is critical for target DNA interrogation by the CRISPR- ... Competition assays provide evidence that DNA strand separation and RNA-DNA heteroduplex formation initiate at the PAM and ...
Single probe-based catalytic quantum dot FRET nanosensor for human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase detection. ... Single probe-based catalytic quantum dot FRET nanosensor for human alkyladenine DNA glycos ... Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG) is essential for repairing alkylated and deaminated bases, and it has become a ... Herein, we report a novel single probe-based catalytic quantum dot (QD) Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) nanosensor for ...
leaving 4 strands making 2 sets of DNA, both sets of DNA consist of one old strand and one new strand.- Sierra A. Buchanan ... DNA is made of 2 strands so when it replicates the strands separate and 2 new strands complete the old strands. ... Energy Producing Catalytic molecules are Enzymes. The biochemical Energy produced by these enzymes is in the form of Atp. ... DNA replication involves producing new copies of DNA molecules. How many individual DNA strands exist after one molecule of DNA ...
We found that DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 ( ... UVB-induced complexation between DNA-PKcs and mTORC2 components was also abolished by NU7026 and DNA-PKcs mutation. Finally, we ... Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via its inhibitor NU7026, a dominant-negative kinase-dead mutation, RNA interference (RNAi) or ... Meanwhile, this DNA-PKcs-SIN1 complexation by UVB was dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, and was ...
Activity of the telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT (human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase) can be regulated by alternative ... Induction of Apoptotic Endonuclease EndoG with DNA-Damaging Agents Initiates Alternative Splicing of Telomerase Catalytic ... EndoG expression is induced by DNA damages. The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of DNA-damaging agents with ... All investigated DNA-damaging agents were able to induce EndoG expression. Cisplatin, a therapeutic compound, producing DNA ...
NAD+ analog reveals PARP-1 substrate-blocking mechanism and allosteric communication from catalytic center to DNA-binding ... NAD+ analog reveals PARP-1 substrate-blocking mechanism and allosteric communication from catalytic center to DNA-binding ... NAD+ analog reveals PARP-1 substrate-blocking mechanism and allosteric communication from catalytic center to DNA-binding ... IMPORTANCE Replication intermediates and ends of viral DNA genomes can be recognized by the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) ...
The common A467T mutation in the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) compromises catalytic efficiency and interaction ... The common A467T mutation in the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) compromises catalytic efficiency and interaction ... The common A467T mutation in the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) compromises catalytic efficiency and interaction ...
POLE (Polymerase (DNA Directed), Epsilon, Catalytic Subunit): * POLE Antibodies PRIM1 (Primase, DNA, Polypeptide 1 (49kDa)): * ...
8-oxo-dGuo expressions as well as protein and mRNA expressions of DNA repair enzyme hOGG1 and antioxidant defenses (CAT, GCLC, ... Herein, we concluded that BCC patients were associated with oxidative DNA damage and depletion of antioxidant defenses and ... This study illustrated an involvement of oxidative DNA damage and changes in antioxidant defenses in BCC by conducting a case- ... Glutamate-cysteine ligase, catalytic subunit. GCLM:. Glutamate cysteine ligase, modifier subunit. GSH:. Glutathione. ...
The catalytic subunit of RNP is known as .... cl02808. Location:618 → 729. RT_like; RT_like: Reverse transcriptase (RT, RNA- ... enables RNA-directed DNA polymerase activity IDA Inferred from Direct Assay. more info ... The catalytic subunit of RNP is known as .... cl02808. Location:618 → 729. RT_like; RT_like: Reverse transcriptase (RT, RNA- ... part_of telomerase catalytic core complex IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ...
  • DNA polymerase alpha catalytic subunit is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLA1 gene. (wikipedia.org)
  • This gene encodes the p180 catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase α-primase. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Pol α complex (pol α-DNA primase complex) consists of four subunits: the catalytic subunit POLA1, the regulatory subunit POLA2, and the small and the large primase subunits PRIM1 and PRIM2 respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Reference: Functional expression and characterization of the Epstein-Barr virus DNA polymerase catalytic subunit. (neb.com)
  • A recombinant baculovirus containing the complete sequence for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA polymerase catalytic subunit, BALF5 gene product, under the control of the baculovirus polyhedrin promoter was constructed. (neb.com)
  • The DNA polymerase and the exonuclease activities of the EBV DNA polymerase catalytic subunit were sensitive to ammonium sulfate in contrast to those of the polymerase complex purified from EBV-producing lymphoblastoid cells, which were stimulated by salt. (neb.com)
  • Furthermore, the template-primer preference for the polymerase catalytic subunit was different from that for the polymerase complex. (neb.com)
  • These observations strongly suggest that the presence of EBV DNA polymerase accessory protein, BMRF1 gene product, does influence the enzymatic properties of EBV DNA polymerase catalytic subunit. (neb.com)
  • DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase related kinase family is a well-known player in repairing DNA double strand break through non-homologous end joining pathway. (molcells.org)
  • DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), encoded by PRKDC gene, is a member of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) family, which also includes the two DNA damage repair proteins, ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related protein (ATR). (molcells.org)
  • DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway, is involved in DNA double-strand break repair, immunocompetence, genomic integrity, and epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. (amegroups.org)
  • The catalytic subunit of DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) is the key component of the non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) pathway for DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair and is required for cellular resistance to ionizing radiation (IR) ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Conclusion: the conserved areas of the human DNA polymerase e catalytic subunit require highly conserved structure for optimal function and are not involved in breast cancer progression. (lml.com.ly)
  • We found that DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 2 (mTORC2) were both required for UVB-induced Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation in keratinocytes. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an enzymatic complex containing three subunits: a catalytic subunit, a scaffolding subunit, and one of several regulatory subunits responsible for dictating substrate specificity of the enzyme (42). (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • The common A467T mutation in the human mitochondrial DNA polymerase (POLG) compromises catalytic efficiency and interaction with the accessory subunit. (musc.edu)
  • Inhibition of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit by small molecule inhibitor NU7026 sensitizes human leukemic K562 cells to benzene metabolite-induced apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • We have previously reported that exposure of workers to benzene and to benzene metabolite hydroquinone in cultured cells induced DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) to mediate the cellular response to DNA double strand break (DSB) caused by DNA-damaging metabolites. (cdc.gov)
  • 2003. Evolutionary connection between the catalytic subunits of DNA-dependent RNA polmerases and eukaryotic RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. (icr.org)
  • This leads to altered mRNA splicing and decreased expression of POLA1 protein to a level that does not impair DNA replication. (wikipedia.org)
  • We modified the Dz13 DNAzyme (which showed promise of a therapeutic agent in preclinical studies by targeting the c-jun mRNA 14 ) and preprogrammed it into a library of Boolean logic gates where only upon specific conditions, Dz13 regains its catalytic activity. (nature.com)
  • 8-oxo-dGuo expressions as well as protein and mRNA expressions of DNA repair enzyme hOGG1 and antioxidant defenses (CAT, GCLC, GPx, Nrf2, and MnSOD) in nonneoplastic epidermis of control and BCC tissues were also determined. (hindawi.com)
  • Sequence-specific cleavage of Huntington mRNA by catalytic DNA. (bcm.edu)
  • Treatment with NU7026 did not alter the production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress by hydroquinone but repressed the protein level of DNA-PKcs and blocked the induction of the kinase mRNA and protein expression by hydroquinone. (cdc.gov)
  • Furthermore, Reimand said, the team identified APOBEC (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing catalytic polypeptide-like) enzyme-driven SGMs, "which may help decipher the role of APOBECs in tumorigenesis and progression. (medscape.com)
  • DNA Polymerase γ (gamma), POLG, is the sole mitochondrial replicative DNA polymerase. (mitomap.org)
  • Various anti-DNA-PKcs strategies have been developed and tested in preclinical studies to exploit the benefit of DNA-PKcs inhibition in sensitization of radiotherapy and in combined modality therapy with other antitumor agents. (amegroups.org)
  • In this article, we review the association between DNA-PKcs and cancer development and discuss current approaches and mechanisms for inhibition of DNA-PKcs. (amegroups.org)
  • The future challenges are to understand how DNA-PKcs activity is correlated with cancer susceptibility and to identify those patients who would most benefit from DNA-PKcs inhibition. (amegroups.org)
  • Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via a small interfering RNA or a kinase inhibitor results in mitosis delay, abnormal spindle formation, and chromosome misalignment. (amegroups.org)
  • Inhibition of DNA-PKcs activity via its inhibitor NU7026, a dominant-negative kinase-dead mutation, RNA interference (RNAi) or gene depletion led to the attenuation of UVB-induced Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Finally, we found that both DNA-PKcs and SIN1 were associated with apoptosis resistance of UVB radiation, and inhibition of them by NU7026 or genetic depletion significantly enhanced UVB-induced cell death and apoptosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • IMPORTANCE Replication intermediates and ends of viral DNA genomes can be recognized by the cellular DNA damage response (DDR) network as DNA damage whose repair may Lycopodine lead to inhibition of virus replication. (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • Furthermore, the ability of E4orf4, when expressed alone, to accumulate at DNA damage sites and to kill cancer cells is attenuated by chemical inhibition of PARP-1. (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • Inhibition of DNA-PKcs by NU7026 markedly potentiated the apoptotic and growth inhibitory effects of hydroquinone in proerythroid leukemic K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner. (cdc.gov)
  • Methods: 157 DNA samples from human breast cancers and 133 DNA control samples (lymph node, placenta) were analysed with the PCR-SSCP methodology for mutation in the highly conserved regions of the polymerase e gene. (lml.com.ly)
  • The analysis involved 14 different primer pairs for the large unit of polymerase e gene and 35% of the reading frames of the catalytic unit was scanned. (lml.com.ly)
  • The optimal performance of the SSCP methodology was confirmed in the exonuclease I region of the polymerase epsilon gene in 92 cases of breast cancer, which did not show evidence of mutation in SSCP analysis or in DNA sequencing. (lml.com.ly)
  • They are developing atomic-level models that explain how chemical energy is transduced into force and motion, and how dynamic assemblies control DNA replication, gene expression, chromosome superstructure, and other essential nucleic-acid transactions. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • DNA methylation is one of a number of modes of epigenetic gene regulation. (ca.gov)
  • Collectively, our data show that DNA methylation is essential and instructive for deposition of specific histone modifications across regulatory regions, which together influences gene expression patterns in mESCs. (ca.gov)
  • The TERT gene encodes the catalytic sub-unit of telomerase, which polymerizes telomeric DNA. (uab.edu)
  • This study highlights an important contribution for Pcif1 in gene expression and physiology of the organism independently of any catalytic activity. (cea.fr)
  • The lack of catalytic activity of Pcif1 in Drosophila reveals a new mechanism of gene expression regulation. (cea.fr)
  • The catalytic activities of these two COMT variants, expressed in E. coli, were similar, but the Met-108 enzyme was more thermolabile already at physiological temperature (37 °C). The reported existence of a common polymorphism of the human COMT gene coding for a thermolabile low activity, COMT(L), and a thermostable high activity, COMT(H), is discussed in light of the different thermostability of the two enzyme forms. (lu.se)
  • Here we highlight some of the latest evidence where DNA-PKcs has been shown to localize not only in the nucleus but also in the cytoplasm, phosphorylating various proteins involved in cellular metabolism and cytokine production. (molcells.org)
  • Genes that suppress carcinogenesis have been classified as gatekeepers that regulate cellular proliferation and cell death and as caretakers that are primarily encode DNA repair proteins required for the maintenance of genome integrity ( 15 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Dr. Berger's team is also studying the nucleic acid-dependent motors, with a particular focus on a variety of DNA- and RNA-dependent motor proteins. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • We have previously determined the structure of various domains within this family and characterized how these proteins heterodimerize, how they bind to DNA but the catalytic reaction remains elusive and what determines the preferential heterodimer formation is also not known. (uu.nl)
  • These studies elucidate the structure-function relationship of these DNA repair proteins. (uu.nl)
  • Cytosine C5 methylation is an important epigenetic control mechanism in a wide array of eukaryotic organisms and generally carried out by proteins of the C-5 DNA methyltransferase family (DNMTs). (mdpi.com)
  • Basic ParABS systems comprise two proteins, ParA and ParB, and a centromere-like, cis-acting DNA element called parS . (biorxiv.org)
  • This expression is strictly dependent on the synthesis of messenger RNAs transcripts from the DNA molecule and their subsequent translation into proteins by the ribosomes. (cea.fr)
  • This study demonstrates the importance to not restrict the function of enzymes to their sole catalytic role in the living world and the interest of thoroughly examining the evolution of proteins in eukaryotes in order to discover unsuspected or hidden mechanisms of action. (cea.fr)
  • Pol α is responsible for the initiation of DNA replication at origins of replication (on both the leading and lagging strands) and during synthesis of Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand. (wikipedia.org)
  • In addition to its role during DNA replication, POLA1 plays a role in type I interferon activation. (wikipedia.org)
  • DNA replication involves producing new copies of DNA molecules. (answers.com)
  • Activation of DNA-PKcs by UV is dependent on ATR (Ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3 related) kinase and is important for replication stress [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The oxidative modification of guanine leads to formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo), which finally can pair with adenine and cytosine during DNA replication, resulting in GC-TA mutations found to be associated with development of BCC [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Dr. Berger's laboratory is also exploring whether the protein machinery responsible for initiating DNA replication can be exploited as a novel anti-cancer target. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • During DNA replication, recombination and DNA repair, double-stranded DNA frequently forms three- or four-way junctions, bubbles, flaps or broken ends with single-stranded extensions. (uu.nl)
  • 2 Viruses enter into a host cell for replication (the process of producing two identical replicas of RNA, ribonucleic acid or DNA, deoxyribonucleic acid) and take over the cell's biological machinery. (icr.org)
  • Single-strand selective monofunctional uracil-DNA glycosylase (SMUG1), previously thought to be a backup enzyme for uracil-DNA glycosylase, has recently been shown to excise 5-hydroxyuracil (hoU), 5-hydroxymethyluracil (hmU) and 5-formyluracil (fU) bearing an oxidized group at ring C5 as well as an uracil. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-associated enzyme Cas9 is an RNA-guided endonuclease that uses RNA-DNA base-pairing to target foreign DNA in bacteria. (nature.com)
  • Furthermore, impaired DNA repair capacity was suggested to associate with enhanced susceptibility to cancer and deficiency in DNA repair enzyme, human 8-oxoguanine DNA N-glycosylase 1(hOGG1), a key enzyme responsible for 8-oxo-dGua repair, may also be involved in carcinogenesis [ 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We show that both binding and cleavage of DNA by Cas9-RNA require recognition of a short trinucleotide protospacer adjacent motif (PAM). (nature.com)
  • In this work we investigated the point of interaction between E4orf4 and the DDR as well as the mechanisms by which E4orf4 inhibits DNA damage signaling. (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • 2022. Probing the mechanisms of two exonuclease domain mutators of DNA polymerase ε. (nih.gov)
  • In the present study, we used site-directed mutagenesis to construct a series of mutants of human SMUG1 (hSMUG1), and tested their activity for uracil, hoU, hmU, fU and other bases to elucidate the catalytic and damage-recognition mechanism of hSMUG1. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Thus, the results presented here demonstrate a novel mechanism by which E4orf4 targets and inhibits DNA damage signaling through an association with PARP-1 for the benefit of the virus and impacting E4orf4-induced cancer cell death. (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • Highly conserved region of the catalytic unit of human DNA polymerase epsilon in breast cancer. (lml.com.ly)
  • Here we use single-molecule and bulk biochemical experiments to determine how Cas9-RNA interrogates DNA to find specific cleavage sites. (nature.com)
  • In response to DSB formation, DNA-PKcs is recruited to DSBs by the DNA end-binding Ku70/80 heterodimer and is rapidly phosphorylated at multiple serine and threonine residues ( 1 , 2 ). (amegroups.org)
  • Their catalytic function however depends on heterodimer formation with the non-catalytic family members. (uu.nl)
  • Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase 2 (TDP2) is a 5'-tyrosyl DNA phosphodiesterase important for the repair of DNA adducts generated by non-productive (abortive) activity of topoisomerase II (TOP2). (rcsb.org)
  • These results indicate that the 3'-to-5' exonuclease activity associated with the EBV DNA polymerase (T. Tsurumi, Virology 182:376-381, 1991) is an inherent feature of the polymerase catalytic polypeptide. (neb.com)
  • have reported that increased DNA-PKcs activity can suppress HR repair in G1 phase of cells through increasing RBX1 protein expression, which prompts the neddylation and activity of cullin 1, a key component of the Skp1-Cullin1-F-box ubiquitin 3 ligase, consequently mediating ubiquitination and degradation of EXO1. (molcells.org)
  • Clinical studies indicate that expression and activity of DNA-PKcs is correlated with cancer progression and response to treatment. (amegroups.org)
  • Thus, deficiency in DNA-PKcs activity results in a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) phenotype in mammals ( 3 - 5 ). (amegroups.org)
  • These effects require DNMT catalytic activity. (ca.gov)
  • Any process that activates or increases the frequency, rate or extent of DNA-directed DNA polymerase activity. (mcw.edu)
  • During evolution, this protein naturally lost its catalytic activity in Drosophila where Pcif1 is, like its human counterpart, expressed in the nucleus and associated with the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase (RNA Pol II). (cea.fr)
  • The molecular details of the nucleotidyl transferase reaction have remained speculative, as strategies to trap catalytic intermediates for structure determination utilize substrates lacking the primer terminus 3'-OH and catalytic Mg2+, resulting in an incomplete and distorted active site geometry. (rcsb.org)
  • A catalytic colorimetric detection scheme that incorporates a DNA-based hybridization chain reaction into gold nanoparticles was designed and tested. (boisestate.edu)
  • This application of a DNA reaction network to gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric detection enables highly-sensitive, field-deployable, colorimetric readout systems capable of detecting a variety of biomolecules. (boisestate.edu)
  • Recently we have implemented an in vitro assay that functionally resembles the DNA repair reaction and assays to study protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. (uu.nl)
  • The reduction in POLA1 expression is accompanied by marked reduction in cytosolic RNA:DNA hybrid molecules and a concomitant hyperactivation of the IRF3 pathway, with consequent overproduction of type I interferons. (wikipedia.org)
  • These results reveal how Cas9 uses PAM recognition to quickly identify potential target sites while scanning large DNA molecules, and to regulate scission of double-stranded DNA. (nature.com)
  • After a molecule of DNA replicates, two double-stranded molecules are formed. (answers.com)
  • UVB-induced complexation between DNA-PKcs and mTORC2 components was also abolished by NU7026 and DNA-PKcs mutation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A direct link between DNA DSBs, genomic instability, and cancer is evidenced the fact that many cancer-predisposition syndromes in humans characterized by genomic instability are caused by mutations in DSB-responsive genes ( 16 , 17 ). (amegroups.org)
  • The aim: to study the potential mutations associated with conserved exon regions of the catalytic unit of human polymerase e in human breast cancer tissue samples. (lml.com.ly)
  • Our study shows that tobacco smoking signatures in DNA generate these harmful protein-truncating mutations that contribute to the development of cancer and its increasing complexity over time," senior author Jüri Reimand, PhD, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada, told Medscape Medical News . (medscape.com)
  • We have known for decades that smoking causes DNA mutations that in turn cause cancer. (medscape.com)
  • Non-target DNA binding affinity scales with PAM density, and sequences fully complementary to the guide RNA but lacking a nearby PAM are ignored by Cas9-RNA. (nature.com)
  • In vivo , DNA-PKcs phosphorylation has been examined at the Thr2609 cluster region and Ser2056. (amegroups.org)
  • DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at the Thr2609 cluster region is particularly significant since it is critical for DSB repair and radioresistance ( 6 - 9 ). (amegroups.org)
  • This phosphorylation is regulated by the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) and the Rad3-related (ATR) kinases in response to various genotoxic stresses, making it a critical regulatory element of DNA-PKcs ( 6 , 10 ). (amegroups.org)
  • DNA-PKcs phosphorylation at Ser2056, on the other hand, is primarily mediated by autophosphorylation, making it an excellent marker to monitor DNA-PKcs activation in vivo ( 11 ). (amegroups.org)
  • DNA-PKcs activation, as monitored by DNA-PKcs phosphorylation, is physically and functionally associated with mitotic spindle formation. (amegroups.org)
  • Significantly, we discovered that DNA-PKcs was associated with SIN1 in cytosol upon UVB radiation, and this complexation appeared required for Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taken together, these results strongly suggest that DNA-PKcs-mTORC2 association is required for UVB-induced Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation and cell survival, and might be important for tumor cell transformation. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Here, we present the results of an X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of a mercury sensor which illustrates the nature of the Hg-DNA interaction. (illinois.edu)
  • We show that E4orf4 interacts with PARP-1 and explore the consequences of this interaction during virus infection and under conditions of nonviral DNA damage. (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • Single probe-based catalytic quantum dot FRET nanosensor for human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase detection. (bvsalud.org)
  • Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG) is essential for repairing alkylated and deaminated bases, and it has become a prospective diagnosis biomarker and a therapeutic target for disease treatment . (bvsalud.org)
  • Reversible Regulation of Promoter and Enhancer Histone Landscape by DNA Methylation in Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells. (ca.gov)
  • Here, we profile the DNA methylome, transcriptome, and global occupancy of histone modifications (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27me3, and H3K27ac) in a series of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) with varying DNA methylation levels to study the effects of DNA methylation on deposition of histone modifications. (ca.gov)
  • DNA methylation promotes H3K27me3 deposition at bivalent promoters, while opposing H3K27me3 at silent promoters. (ca.gov)
  • DNA methylation also reversibly regulates H3K27ac and H3K27me3 at previously identified tissue-specific enhancers. (ca.gov)
  • DNA-PKcs and the NHEJ pathway are also essential for V(D)J recombination during T and B cell lymphocyte development. (amegroups.org)
  • Involved in DNA nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ) required for double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination. (lu.se)
  • Figure 1: DNA curtains assay for target binding by Cas9-RNA. (nature.com)
  • Here, we present a crystal structure of a precatalytic complex of a DNA polymerase with bound substrates that include the primer 3'-OH and catalytic Mg2+. (rcsb.org)
  • Dr. Berger's team has solved structures of topoisomerase targets in complex with target DNA substrates and various drugs. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Here, the catalytic number (V(max)) of S-COMT was somewhat higher than that of MB-COMT for all four substrates. (lu.se)
  • In this study, we used a new, small molecule, a selective inhibitor of DNA-PKcs, 2-(morpholin-4-yl)-benzo[h]chomen-4-one (NU7026), as a probe to analyze the molecular events and pathways in hydroquinone-induced DNA DSB repair and apoptosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Under ARS 13-3728(A), which was amended in May 2022, it is unlawful for a person to purchase, solicit, advertise, possess or sell a used catalytic converter or any nonferrous parts of a catalytic converter. (maricopacountyattorney.org)
  • Prior to May 2022, no law made it unlawful to possess a used catalytic converter in Arizona. (maricopacountyattorney.org)
  • 2022. Ribonucleotide incorporation by eukaryotic B-family DNA replicases and its consequences. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, while there are several DNA-PK inhibitors currently being evaluated in the clinical trials in attempt to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy or chemotherapy, multiple functions and subcellular localization of DNA-PKcs in various types of cells may further complicate the effects at the cellular and organismal level. (molcells.org)
  • Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by UVR have been shown to contribute to malignant transformation of keratinocytes into cancerous cells including BCC probably through oxidative DNA damage, defects in DNA repair, and interference with cellular signaling [ 6 , 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • We studied CTP- and parS F -modulated ParA F -ParB F complex assembly, in which DNA-bound ParA F -ATP dimers are activated for ATP hydrolysis by interacting with two ParB F N-terminal domains. (biorxiv.org)
  • Magnetic-tweezers experiments showed that CTP promotes multiple ParB F loading onto parS F -containing DNA, generating condensed partition complex-like assemblies. (biorxiv.org)
  • and results in the formation of a large nucleo-protein complex (the partition complex) around the parS site on the DNA to be partitioned. (biorxiv.org)
  • Binding of the LIG4-XRCC4 complex to DNA ends is dependent on the assembly of the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK to these DNA ends. (lu.se)
  • The LIG4-XRCC4 heteromer associates in a DNA-dependent manner with the DNA-dependent protein kinase complex DNA-PK, formed by the KU p70/p86 dimer (g22p1/g22p2) and PRKDC. (lu.se)
  • The expressed EBV DNA polymerase catalytic polypeptide was purified from the cytosolic fraction of the recombinant virus-infected insect cells. (neb.com)
  • Here, we describe an association of E4orf4 Rabbit Polyclonal to PIK3CG with the DNA damage sensor poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1). (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • The purified protein exhibited both DNA polymerase and 3'-to-5' exonuclease activities, which were neutralized by the anti-BALF5 protein-specific antibody. (neb.com)
  • Meanwhile, this DNA-PKcs-SIN1 complexation by UVB was dependent on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) activation, and was disrupted by an EGFR inhibitor (AG1478) or by EGFR depletion. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Comparison with two new structures of DNA polymerase beta lacking the 3'-OH or catalytic Mg2+ is described. (rcsb.org)
  • Under the direction of County Attorney Rachel Mitchell, this office has focused on preventing catalytic converter thefts by hosting etching events in partnership with local police departments and Midas Auto Repair. (maricopacountyattorney.org)
  • TERT expression is associated with metastasis from thin primaries, exhausted CD4+ T cells in melanoma and with DNA repair across cancer entities. (nih.gov)
  • Taken together, the findings reveal a central role of DNA-PKcs in hydroquinone-induced hematotoxicity in which it coordinates DNA DSB repair, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis to regulate the response to hydroquinone-induced DNA damage. (cdc.gov)
  • One area of research focus is the study of DNA topoisomerases, which are well-established, clinically-validated targets of several anti-cancer agents. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
  • Gold nanoparticles were functionalized with thiol-modified DNA strands capable of undergoing hybridization chain reactions. (boisestate.edu)
  • How many individual DNA strands exist after one molecule of DNA has been replicated? (answers.com)
  • DNA is made of 2 strands so when it replicates the strands separate and 2 new strands complete the old strands. (answers.com)
  • This results in a total of four strands of DNA. (answers.com)
  • Competition assays provide evidence that DNA strand separation and RNA-DNA heteroduplex formation initiate at the PAM and proceed directionally towards the distal end of the target sequence. (nature.com)
  • When E4orf4 is expressed alone, it associates with poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains and is recruited to DNA damage sites in a PARP-1-dependent manner. (grandlacs-med-journal.com)
  • This study illustrated an involvement of oxidative DNA damage and changes in antioxidant defenses in BCC by conducting a case-control study (24 controls and 24 BCC patients) and assessing urinary 7,8-dihydro-8-oxo-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dGuo), plasma antioxidant defenses including catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), NQO1, and total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, and glutathione (GSH) levels before surgery and 1 month after surgery. (hindawi.com)
  • Herein, we concluded that BCC patients were associated with oxidative DNA damage and depletion of antioxidant defenses and surgical removal of BCC correlated with improved redox status. (hindawi.com)
  • 8-oxo-dGuo has also been recognized to be the most abundant and potentially mutagenic if not substantially repaired and has thus been developed as a sensitive and stable biomarker for evaluating the degree of oxidative DNA damage. (hindawi.com)
  • Gelelectrophoresis was performed to compare DNA hybridization reactions in catalytic and direct aggregation schemes, and the product formation was confirmed in the catalytic aggregation scheme at low levels of target concentrations. (boisestate.edu)
  • The idea was that if you attach small catalytic units to the branches of large dendrimers, the catalysts can take part in homogeneous reactions but, being part of a larger entity, are more easily recoverable,' says Russell Morris, the group's leader. (chemistryworld.com)