A name for several highly contagious viral diseases of animals, especially canine distemper. In dogs, it is caused by the canine distemper virus (DISTEMPER VIRUS, CANINE). It is characterized by a diphasic fever, leukopenia, gastrointestinal and respiratory inflammation and sometimes, neurologic complications. In cats it is known as FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA.
A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing distemper in dogs, wolves, foxes, raccoons, and ferrets. Pinnipeds have also been known to contract Canine distemper virus from contact with domestic dogs.
A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing distemper in seals.
A genus in the family of EARLESS SEALS (Phocidae) and collectively the most abundant PINNIPEDS in the Northern Hemisphere.
Species of the genus MASTADENOVIRUS that causes fever, edema, vomiting, and diarrhea in dogs and encephalitis in foxes. Epizootics have also been caused in bears, wolves, coyotes, and skunks. The official species name is Canine adenovirus and it contains two serotypes.
A family of spherical viruses, of the order MONONEGAVIRALES, somewhat larger than the orthomyxoviruses, and containing single-stranded RNA. Subfamilies include PARAMYXOVIRINAE and PNEUMOVIRINAE.
Large, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the cat family FELIDAE, species Panthera leo. They are found in Africa and southern Asia.
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
The family Phocidae, suborder PINNIPEDIA, order CARNIVORA, comprising the true seals. They lack external ears and are unable to use their hind flippers to walk. It includes over 18 species including the harp seal, probably the best known seal species in the world.
Carnivores of the genus Procyon of the family PROCYONIDAE. Two subgenera and seven species are currently recognized. They range from southern Canada to Panama and are found in several of the Caribbean Islands.
A genus of the family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE (subfamily PARAMYXOVIRINAE) where the virions of most members have hemagglutinin but not neuraminidase activity. All members produce both cytoplasmic and intranuclear inclusion bodies. MEASLES VIRUS is the type species.
The type species of MORBILLIVIRUS and the cause of the highly infectious human disease MEASLES, which affects mostly children.
The species Panthera tigris, a large feline inhabiting Asia. Several subspecies exist including the Siberian tiger and Sumatran tiger.
Semidomesticated variety of European polecat much used for hunting RODENTS and/or RABBITS and as a laboratory animal. It is in the subfamily Mustelinae, family MUSTELIDAE.
A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.
An order of MAMMALS, usually flesh eaters with appropriate dentition. Suborders include the terrestrial carnivores Fissipedia, and the aquatic carnivores PINNIPEDIA.
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Infections with viruses of the genus MORBILLIVIRUS, family PARAMYXOVIRIDAE. Infections mainly cause acute disease in their hosts, although in some cases infection is persistent and leads to degenerative conditions.
A species of MORBILLIVIRUS causing cattle plague, a disease with high mortality. Sheep, goats, pigs, and other animals of the order Artiodactyla can also be infected.
Specific hemagglutinin subtypes encoded by VIRUSES.
Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.
Proteins, usually glycoproteins, found in the viral envelopes of a variety of viruses. They promote cell membrane fusion and thereby may function in the uptake of the virus by cells.
Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.
A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.
A species of the genus PARVOVIRUS and a host range variant of FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS. It causes a highly infectious fulminating ENTERITIS in dogs producing high mortality. It is distinct from CANINE MINUTE VIRUS, a species in the genus BOCAVIRUS. This virus can also infect cats and mink.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Azerbaijan" is not a medical concept or condition that has a defined meaning within the medical field. It is the name of a country located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. If you have any questions related to geography, history, or culture, I would be happy to try and help with those instead!
Carnivores of genus Mustela of the family MUSTELIDAE. The European mink, which has white upper and lower lips, was widely trapped for commercial purposes and is classified as endangered. The American mink, lacking a white upper lip, is farmed commercially.
The lone species in the genus Nyctereutes, family CANIDAE. It is found in the woodland zone from southeastern Siberia to Vietnam and on the main islands of Japan.
A genus of the family POXVIRIDAE, subfamily CHORDOPOXVIRINAE, comprising bird poxviruses. The type species is FOWLPOX VIRUS. Transmission is mechanical by ARTHROPODS.
Clinical manifestation of excessive LEANNESS usually caused by disease or a lack of nutrition (MALNUTRITION).
A highly contagious DNA virus infection of the cat family, characterized by fever, enteritis and bone marrow changes. It is also called feline ataxia, feline agranulocytosis, feline infectious enteritis, cat fever, cat plague, and show fever. It is caused by FELINE PANLEUKOPENIA VIRUS or the closely related MINK ENTERITIS VIRUS or CANINE PARVOVIRUS.
A species of VARICELLOVIRUS virus that causes a disease in newborn puppies.
A defective variant of MEASLES VIRUS that has been isolated from the brain tissue of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.
Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.
Procedures, such as TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES; mathematical models; etc., when used or advocated for use in place of the use of animals in research or diagnostic laboratories.
The protection of animals in laboratories or other specific environments by promoting their health through better nutrition, housing, and care.
The use of animals as investigational subjects.
'Paint' is not a medical term, it's a common noun used to describe a substance composed of pigment and liquid binder, used for decorative or protective coating of various surfaces, with no direct medical relevance or application in the context you've asked.
The illumination of an environment and the arrangement of lights to achieve an effect or optimal visibility. Its application is in domestic or in public settings and in medical and non-medical environments.
"Awards and prizes in a medical context refer to formal recognitions, typically bestowed upon healthcare professionals or researchers, for significant contributions to medical advancements, patient care, or professional organizations, often involving monetary rewards, certificates, or trophies."
"Art therapy is a form of expressive therapy that uses the creative process of making art to improve a person's physical, mental, and emotional well-being."
A mixture of related phosphoproteins occurring in milk and cheese. The group is characterized as one of the most nutritive milk proteins, containing all of the common amino acids and rich in the essential ones.

Rapid and sensitive detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG antibodies against canine distemper virus by a new recombinant nucleocapsid protein-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (1/155)

Canine distemper morbillivirus (CDV) infection causes a frequently fatal systemic disease in a broad range of carnivore species, including domestic dogs. In CDV infection, classical serology provides data of diagnostic and prognostic values (kinetics of seroconversion) and is also used to predict the optimal vaccination age of pups. Routine CDV serology is still based on time- and cost-intensive virus neutralization assays (V-NA). Here, we describe a new capture-sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that uses recombinant baculovirus-expressed nucleocapsid (N) protein of a recent CDV wild-type isolate (2544/Han95) for the detection of CDV-specific antibodies in canine sera. Recombinant antigen was produced with high efficacy in Heliothis virescens larvae. The capture-sandwich ELISA enabled a clear-cut qualitative evaluation of the CDV-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM serostatuses of 196 and 35 dog sera, respectively. Inter-rater agreement analysis (kappa = 0.988) indicated that the ELISA can be used unrestrictedly as a substitute for the V-NA for the qualitative determination of CDV-specific IgG serostatus. In an attempt to semiquantify N-specific antibodies, a one-step-dilution (alpha method) IgG-specific ELISA was implemented. Alpha values of >/=50% showed very good inter-rater agreement (kappa = 0.968) with V-NA titers of >/=1/100 50% neutralizing dose (ND50) as measured against the central European CDV wild-type isolate 2544/Han95 in canine sera originating from northern Germany. An ND50 titer of 1/100 is considered a threshold, and titers of >/=1/100 indicate a resilient, protective immunity. CDV N-specific antibodies of the IgM class were detected by the newly developed ELISA in 9 of 15 sera obtained from dogs with symptoms of acute distemper. In leucocytes of 5 of the 15 dogs (all of which were also IgM positive) CDV RNA was detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The recombinant capture-sandwich ELISA detecting N-specific antibodies of the IgG class provided superior sensitivity and specificity and thus represents a rapid and cost-effective alternative to classical CDV V-NA. By detection of specific IgM antibodies, the ELISA will be complementary to RT-PCR and V-NA in the diagnosis of acute distemper infections.  (+info)

Experimental canine distemper infection as a means of demonstrating latent effects of subacute lead intoxication. (2/155)

Observations on the response of the body to experimental infection with distemper virus in dogs previously dosed subacutely with lead have demonstrated a latent effect of lead on several body systems. Effects which indicated a relationship to earlier treatment with lead included evidence for stimulation of haemoglobin synthesis, changes to red blood cells resulting in increased destruction, increased vulnerability of the parenchymatous cells of the liver to damage, reduction in the weight of the skeleton and thyroid, an increase in weight of the thymus and brain and histopathological changes in the thymus.  (+info)

Alteration of the leptin network in late morbid obesity induced in mice by brain infection with canine distemper virus. (3/155)

Viruses can induce progressive neurologic disorders associated with diverse pathological manifestations, and therefore, viral infection of the brain can impair differentiated neural functions, depending on the initial viral tropism. We have previously reported that canine distemper virus (CDV) targets certain mouse brain structures, including the hypothalamus, early and selectively. Infected mice exhibit acute encephalitis, with late disease, characterized by motor impairment or obesity syndrome, appearing in some of the surviving mice several months after the initial viral replication. In the present study, we show viral persistence in the hypothalami of obese mice, as demonstrated by low, but still significant, levels of CDV nucleoprotein transcripts, associated with a dramatic decrease in F gene mRNAs. Given the pivotal role of the hypothalamus in obesity (eating behavior, energy consumption, and neuroendocrine function) and that of leptin, the adipose tissue-derived satiety factor acting through hypothalamic receptors, we analyzed the leptin networks in both obese and nonobese mice. The discrepancy found between the chronic and dramatic increase in blood leptin levels and the occurrence of obesity may be due to leptin resistance in the brain. In fact, expression of the long leptin receptor isoform, representing the functional leptin receptor, was specifically downregulated in the hypothalami of obese mice, explaining their inability to generate an adequate response to leptin in the brain. Intriguingly, during the acute phase of infection, its expression was increased in CDV-targeted structures in all infected mice and remained high in obese mice in all CDV-targeted structures, except for the hypothalamus. The biphasic change in hypothalamic leptin receptor expression seen during the progression of CDV-induced obesity provides a new paradigm for understanding mechanisms of neuroendocrinological, virus-induced abnormalities.  (+info)

Detection of canine distemper virus nucleoprotein RNA by reverse transcription-PCR using serum, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid from dogs with distemper. (4/155)

Reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) was used to detect canine distemper virus (CDV) nucleoprotein (NP) RNA in serum, whole blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 38 dogs with clinically suspected distemper. Results were correlated to clinical findings, anti-CDV neutralizing antibody titers, postmortem findings, and demonstration of CDV NP antigen by immunohistochemistry. The specificity of the RT-PCR was ensured by amplification of RNA from various laboratory CDV strains, restriction enzyme digestion, and Southern blot hybridization. In 29 of 38 dogs, CDV infection was confirmed by postmortem examination and immunohistochemistry. The animals displayed the catarrhal, systemic, and nervous forms of distemper. Seventeen samples (serum, whole blood, or CSF) from dogs with distemper were tested with three sets of primers targeted to different regions of the NP gene of the CDV Onderstepoort strain. Expected amplicons were observed in 82, 53, and 41% of the 17 samples, depending upon the primer pair used. With the most sensitive primer pair (primer pair I), CDV NP RNA was detected in 25 of 29 (86%) serum samples and 14 of 16 (88%) whole blood and CSF samples from dogs with distemper but not in body fluids from immunohistochemically negative dogs. Nucleotide sequence analysis of five RT-PCR amplicons from isolates from the field revealed few silent point mutations. These isolates exhibited greater homology to the Rockborn (97 to 99%) than to the Onderstepoort (95 to 96%) CDV strain. In summary, although the sensitivity of the RT-PCR for detection of CDV is strongly influenced by the location of the selected primers, this nucleic acid detection system represents a highly specific and sensitive method for the antemortem diagnosis of distemper in dogs, regardless of the form of distemper, humoral immune response, and viral antigen distribution.  (+info)

Sequence analysis of the genes encoding the phosphoprotein of recent isolates of canine distemper virus in Japan. (5/155)

The nucleotide sequences of the phosphoprotein (P) of canine distemper virus (CDV) strains isolated between 1992 and 1996 in Japan were determined. This is the first report of the complete sequences of the P genes of recently prevalent CDV strains. The deduced amino acid sequences of the P, C and V proteins showed that in the new Japanese isolates, these proteins have approximately 93%, 90-91% and 92% identities with those of the Onderstepoort vaccine strain, respectively. The predicted functional regions were conserved. RNA editing resulting in a shift to the open reading frame (ORF) of the V protein was shown to occur with the same efficiency in both the field isolates and vaccine strain.  (+info)

Vaccination against canine distemper virus infection in infant ferrets with and without maternal antibody protection, using recombinant attenuated poxvirus vaccines. (6/155)

Canine distemper virus (CDV) infection of ferrets is clinically and immunologically similar to measles, making this a useful model for the human disease. The model was used to determine if parenteral or mucosal immunization of infant ferrets at 3 and 6 weeks of age with attenuated vaccinia virus (NYVAC) or canarypox virus (ALVAC) vaccine strains expressing the CDV hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) protein genes (NYVAC-HF and ALVAC-HF) would induce serum neutralizing antibody and protect against challenge infection at 12 weeks of age. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 5) or ALVAC-HF (n = 4) developed significant neutralizing titers (log(10) inverse mean titer +/- standard deviation of 2.30 +/- 0.12 and 2.20 +/- 0.34, respectively) by the day of challenge, and all survived with no clinical or virologic evidence of infection. Ferrets without maternal antibody that were vaccinated intranasally (i.n.) developed lower neutralizing titers, with NYVAC-HF producing higher titers at challenge (1.11 +/- 0.57 versus 0.40 +/- 0.37, P = 0.02) and a better survival rate (6/7 versus 0/5, P = 0.008) than ALVAC-HF. Ferrets with maternal antibody that were vaccinated parenterally with NYVAC-HF (n = 7) and ALVAC-HF (n = 7) developed significantly higher antibody titers (1.64 +/- 0. 54 and 1.28 +/- 0.40, respectively) than did ferrets immunized with an attenuated CDV vaccine (0.46 +/- 0.59; n = 7) or the recombinant vectors expressing rabies glycoprotein (RG) (0.19 +/- 0.32; n = 8, P = 7 x 10(-6)). The NYVAC vaccine also protected against weight loss, and both the NYVAC and attenuated CDV vaccines protected against the development of some clinical signs of infection, although survival in each of the three vaccine groups was low (one of seven) and not significantly different from the RG controls (none of eight). Combined i.n.-parenteral immunization of ferrets with maternal antibody using NYVAC-HF (n = 9) produced higher titers (1.63 +/- 0. 25) than did i.n. immunization with NYVAC-HF (0.88 +/- 0.36; n = 9) and ALVAC-HF (0.61 +/- 0.43; n = 9, P = 3 x 10(-7)), and survival was also significantly better in the i.n.-parenteral group (3 of 9) than in the other HF-vaccinated animals (none of 18) or in controls immunized with RG (none of 5) (P = 0.0374). Multiple routes were not tested with the ALVAC vaccine. The results suggest that infant ferrets are less responsive to i.n. vaccination than are older ferrets and raises questions about the appropriateness of this route of immunization in infant ferrets or infants of other species.  (+info)

Antibodies to CD9, a tetraspan transmembrane protein, inhibit canine distemper virus-induced cell-cell fusion but not virus-cell fusion. (7/155)

Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes a life-threatening disease in several carnivores including domestic dogs. Recently, we identified a molecule, CD9, a member of the tetraspan transmembrane protein family, which facilitates, and antibodies to which inhibit, the infection of tissue culture cells with CDV (strain Onderstepoort). Here we describe that an anti-CD9 monoclonal antibody (MAb K41) did not interfere with binding of CDV to cells and uptake of virus. In addition, in single-step growth experiments, MAb K41 did not induce differences in the levels of viral mRNA and proteins. However, the virus release of syncytium-forming strains of CDV, the virus-induced cell-cell fusion in lytically infected cultures, and the cell-cell fusion of uninfected with persistently CDV-infected HeLa cells were strongly inhibited by MAb K41. These data indicate that anti-CD9 antibodies selectively block virus-induced cell-cell fusion, whereas virus-cell fusion is not affected.  (+info)

Listeriosis in a raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) associated with canine distemper. (8/155)

A wild raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides) that manifested severe illness and died was examined. Necropsy revealed severe emaciation, systemic icterus and petechial hemorrhages on the mucous membranes. Histopathologically, necroses were seen in the liver and brain stem associated with meningitis. Eosinophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in the spleen and intestinal mucosa, and eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were seen in transitional epithelium in the bladder. Listeria monocytogenes 4b was isolated from the liver, spleen, kidneys and lungs, and the pathogen was also detected in the liver and brain stem immunohistopathologically. The disease was diagnosed as listeriosis associated with canine distemper virus infection in a raccoon dog.  (+info)

Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that primarily affects dogs, but can also infect other animals such as cats, ferrets, and raccoons. It is caused by a paramyxovirus and is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.

The respiratory symptoms of distemper include coughing, sneezing, and nasal discharge. Gastrointestinal symptoms may include vomiting and diarrhea. Neurological symptoms can include seizures, twitching, and paralysis. Distemper is often fatal, especially in puppies and young dogs that have not been vaccinated.

The virus is spread through direct contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids, such as saliva and urine. It can also be spread through the air, making it highly contagious in areas where large numbers of unvaccinated animals are housed together, such as animal shelters and kennels.

Prevention is key in protecting against distemper, and vaccination is recommended for all dogs. Puppies should receive their first distemper vaccine at six to eight weeks of age, followed by booster shots every three to four weeks until they are 16 weeks old. Adult dogs should receive a distemper booster shot every one to three years, depending on their risk of exposure.

Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a single-stranded RNA virus that belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and causes a contagious and serious disease in dogs and other animals. The virus primarily affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems of infected animals.

The symptoms of canine distemper can vary widely depending on the age and immune status of the animal, as well as the strain of the virus. Initial signs may include fever, lethargy, loss of appetite, and discharge from the eyes and nose. As the disease progresses, affected animals may develop vomiting, diarrhea, pneumonia, and neurological symptoms such as seizures, muscle twitching, and paralysis.

Canine distemper is highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with infected animals or their respiratory secretions. The virus can also be transmitted through contaminated objects such as food bowls, water dishes, and bedding.

Prevention of canine distemper is achieved through vaccination, which is recommended for all dogs as a core vaccine. It is important to keep dogs up-to-date on their vaccinations and to avoid contact with unfamiliar or unvaccinated animals. There is no specific treatment for canine distemper, and therapy is generally supportive, focusing on managing symptoms and preventing complications.

Phocine distemper virus (PDV) is a viral pathogen that primarily affects marine mammals, particularly seals. It belongs to the family Paramyxoviridae and genus Morbillivirus, which also includes measles virus and canine distemper virus. PDV is responsible for causing an infectious disease known as phocine distemper, which is characterized by respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms. The virus is highly contagious and can lead to mass mortality events in seal populations. It is not known to infect or cause disease in humans.

"Phoca" is not a term commonly used in medical terminology. It is actually a genus of seals, also known as "true seals." The Phocidae family includes several species such as the harbor seal, gray seal, and hooded seal. If you have mistaken "Phoca" for a medical term, I would be happy to help you find the definition of the correct term.

Canine adenoviruses are a type of virus that can infect dogs and cause two distinct diseases: Infectious Canine Hepatitis (type 1) and Canine Respiratory Disease Complex (type 2).

Canine adenovirus type 1 primarily affects the liver, causing symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and abdominal pain. In severe cases, it can lead to liver failure and death.

Canine adenovirus type 2 mainly causes respiratory infections, including kennel cough, which is characterized by a harsh, hacking cough and nasal discharge. It can also cause pneumonia in some cases.

Both types of canine adenoviruses are highly contagious and can be spread through direct contact with infected dogs or their feces and urine. Vaccination is available to protect against both forms of the virus and is recommended for all dogs.

Paramyxoviridae is a family of negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses that include several medically important pathogens. These viruses are characterized by their enveloped particles and helical symmetry. The paramyxoviruses can cause respiratory infections, neurological disorders, and other systemic diseases in humans, animals, and birds.

Some notable members of the Paramyxoviridae family include:

* Human respirovirus (also known as human parainfluenza virus): causes upper and lower respiratory tract infections in children and adults.
* Human orthopneumovirus (also known as respiratory syncytial virus, or RSV): a major cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children.
* Measles morbillivirus: causes measles, a highly contagious viral disease characterized by fever, rash, and cough.
* Mumps virus: causes mumps, an acute infectious disease that primarily affects the salivary glands.
* Hendra virus and Nipah virus: zoonotic paramyxoviruses that can cause severe respiratory and neurological disease in humans and animals.

Effective vaccines are available for some paramyxoviruses, such as measles and mumps, but there are currently no approved vaccines for others, such as RSV and Nipah virus. Antiviral therapies are also limited, with only a few options available for the treatment of severe paramyxovirus infections.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Lions" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Lions are large, carnivorous mammals that are part of the Felidae family, specifically Panthera leo. If you have any questions about lions or if there's another term you meant to ask about, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.

I believe there might be a misunderstanding in your question. "Dogs" is not a medical term or condition. It is the common name for a domesticated carnivore of the family Canidae, specifically the genus Canis, which includes wolves, foxes, and other extant and extinct species of mammals. Dogs are often kept as pets and companions, and they have been bred in a wide variety of forms and sizes for different purposes, such as hunting, herding, guarding, assisting police and military forces, and providing companionship and emotional support.

If you meant to ask about a specific medical condition or term related to dogs, please provide more context so I can give you an accurate answer.

Earless seals, also known as true seals or Phocidae, are a family of marine mammals that lack external ears. They have a streamlined body adapted for fast swimming, and their hind limbs are modified into flippers, which they use to move through the water. Earless seals have small ear holes on the sides of their heads, but they do not have an outer ear flap like other mammals. Instead, their middle and inner ears are well-developed for hearing underwater. They are found in both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and there are 18 species of earless seals, including the harbor seal, gray seal, and leopard seal.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "raccoons" are not a medical term. They are a species of nocturnal mammals native to North America, known for their distinctive black facial mask and ringed tails. If you have any questions about animals or a medical condition, feel free to ask!

Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae, order Mononegavirales. It includes several important human and animal pathogens that cause diseases with significant morbidity and mortality. The most well-known member of this genus is Measles virus (MV), which causes measles in humans, a highly contagious disease characterized by fever, rash, cough, and conjunctivitis.

Other important Morbilliviruses include:

* Rinderpest virus (RPV): This virus caused rinderpest, a severe disease in cattle and other cloven-hoofed animals, which was eradicated in 2011 through a global vaccination campaign.
* Canine Distemper Virus (CDV): A pathogen that affects dogs, wild canids, and several other mammalian species, causing a systemic disease with respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
* Phocine Distemper Virus (PDV) and Porpoise Morbillivirus (PMV): These viruses affect marine mammals, such as seals and porpoises, causing mass mortality events in their populations.

Morbilliviruses are enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses with a genome size of approximately 15-16 kilobases. They have a pleomorphic shape and can vary in diameter from 150 to 750 nanometers. The viral envelope contains two glycoproteins: the hemagglutinin (H) protein, which mediates attachment to host cells, and the fusion (F) protein, which facilitates membrane fusion and viral entry.

Transmission of Morbilliviruses typically occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact with infected individuals or animals. The viruses can cause acute infections with high fatality rates, particularly in naïve populations that lack immunity due to insufficient vaccination coverage or the absence of previous exposure.

In summary, Morbillivirus is a genus of viruses in the family Paramyxoviridae that includes several important human and animal pathogens causing acute respiratory infections with high fatality rates. Transmission occurs through respiratory droplets or direct contact, and vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing outbreaks and controlling disease spread.

Measles virus is a single-stranded, negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Morbillivirus in the family Paramyxoviridae. It is the causative agent of measles, a highly contagious infectious disease characterized by fever, cough, runny nose, and a red, blotchy rash. The virus primarily infects the respiratory tract and then spreads throughout the body via the bloodstream.

The genome of the measles virus is approximately 16 kilobases in length and encodes for eight proteins: nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix protein (M), fusion protein (F), hemagglutinin (H), large protein (L), and two non-structural proteins, V and C. The H protein is responsible for binding to the host cell receptor CD150 (SLAM) and mediating viral entry, while the F protein facilitates fusion of the viral and host cell membranes.

Measles virus is transmitted through respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected individuals. The virus can remain airborne for up to two hours in a closed space, making it highly contagious. Measles is preventable through vaccination, which has led to significant reductions in the incidence of the disease worldwide.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tigers" is not a medical term. It is a common name used to refer to the largest cat species in the world, found primarily in Asia. If you have any medical concerns or questions, I would be happy to try and help with those!

A ferret is a domesticated mammal that belongs to the weasel family, Mustelidae. The scientific name for the common ferret is Mustela putorius furo. Ferrets are native to Europe and have been kept as pets for thousands of years due to their playful and curious nature. They are small animals, typically measuring between 13-20 inches in length, including their tail, and weighing between 1.5-4 pounds.

Ferrets have a slender body with short legs, a long neck, and a pointed snout. They have a thick coat of fur that can vary in color from white to black, with many different patterns in between. Ferrets are known for their high level of activity and intelligence, and they require regular exercise and mental stimulation to stay healthy and happy.

Ferrets are obligate carnivores, which means that they require a diet that is high in protein and low in carbohydrates. They have a unique digestive system that allows them to absorb nutrients efficiently from their food, but it also means that they are prone to certain health problems if they do not receive proper nutrition.

Ferrets are social animals and typically live in groups. They communicate with each other using a variety of vocalizations, including barks, chirps, and purrs. Ferrets can be trained to use a litter box and can learn to perform simple tricks. With proper care and attention, ferrets can make loving and entertaining pets.

Vero cells are a line of cultured kidney epithelial cells that were isolated from an African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) in the 1960s. They are named after the location where they were initially developed, the Vervet Research Institute in Japan.

Vero cells have the ability to divide indefinitely under certain laboratory conditions and are often used in scientific research, including virology, as a host cell for viruses to replicate. This allows researchers to study the characteristics of various viruses, such as their growth patterns and interactions with host cells. Vero cells are also used in the production of some vaccines, including those for rabies, polio, and Japanese encephalitis.

It is important to note that while Vero cells have been widely used in research and vaccine production, they can still have variations between different cell lines due to factors like passage number or culture conditions. Therefore, it's essential to specify the exact source and condition of Vero cells when reporting experimental results.

Carnivora is an order of mammals that consists of animals whose primary diet consists of flesh. The term "Carnivora" comes from the Latin words "caro", meaning flesh, and "vorare", meaning to devour. This order includes a wide variety of species, ranging from large predators such as lions, tigers, and bears, to smaller animals such as weasels, otters, and raccoons.

While members of the Carnivora order are often referred to as "carnivores," it is important to note that not all members exclusively eat meat. Some species, such as raccoons and bears, have an omnivorous diet that includes both plants and animals. Additionally, some species within this order have evolved specialized adaptations for their specific diets, such as the elongated canines and carnassial teeth of felids (cats) and canids (dogs), which are adapted for tearing and shearing meat.

Overall, the medical definition of Carnivora refers to an order of mammals that have a diet primarily consisting of flesh, although not all members exclusively eat meat.

There is no medical definition for "dog diseases" as it is too broad a term. However, dogs can suffer from various health conditions and illnesses that are specific to their species or similar to those found in humans. Some common categories of dog diseases include:

1. Infectious Diseases: These are caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Examples include distemper, parvovirus, kennel cough, Lyme disease, and heartworms.
2. Hereditary/Genetic Disorders: Some dogs may inherit certain genetic disorders from their parents. Examples include hip dysplasia, elbow dysplasia, progressive retinal atrophy (PRA), and degenerative myelopathy.
3. Age-Related Diseases: As dogs age, they become more susceptible to various health issues. Common age-related diseases in dogs include arthritis, dental disease, cancer, and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS).
4. Nutritional Disorders: Malnutrition or improper feeding can lead to various health problems in dogs. Examples include obesity, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiencies.
5. Environmental Diseases: These are caused by exposure to environmental factors such as toxins, allergens, or extreme temperatures. Examples include heatstroke, frostbite, and toxicities from ingesting harmful substances.
6. Neurological Disorders: Dogs can suffer from various neurological conditions that affect their nervous system. Examples include epilepsy, intervertebral disc disease (IVDD), and vestibular disease.
7. Behavioral Disorders: Some dogs may develop behavioral issues due to various factors such as anxiety, fear, or aggression. Examples include separation anxiety, noise phobias, and resource guarding.

It's important to note that regular veterinary care, proper nutrition, exercise, and preventative measures can help reduce the risk of many dog diseases.

Morbillivirus infections refer to a group of viral illnesses caused by members of the Morbillivirus genus, which is part of the Paramyxoviridae family. The most well-known morbillivirus infection is measles, a highly contagious disease that primarily affects humans. Other examples of morbillivirus infections include:

1. Canine distemper: A viral illness that affects dogs and other animals such as raccoons, ferrets, and skunks. It can cause respiratory, gastrointestinal, and neurological symptoms.
2. Phocine distemper: A viral disease primarily affecting seals, particularly the harbor seal population in Europe. It can lead to severe respiratory and neurological issues.
3. Rinderpest: A highly contagious and fatal disease that affects cattle, buffalo, and other even-toed ungulates (hoofed mammals). This disease has been eradicated globally through vaccination programs.
4. Peste des petits ruminants (PPR): Also known as sheep and goat plague, this morbillivirus infection affects small ruminants such as sheep and goats. It can cause severe respiratory, gastrointestinal, and reproductive symptoms.
5. Cetacean morbillivirus (CeMV) infections: These affect various species of whales, dolphins, and porpoises, causing respiratory, neurological, and immunological issues.

Morbillivirus infections are typically spread through direct contact with infected individuals or their bodily fluids. Vaccination programs have been successful in controlling and eradicating some of these diseases, such as rinderpest and measles.

Rinderpest virus (RPV) is a species in the genus Morbillivirus and family Paramyxoviridae. It is an enveloped, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA virus that causes the highly contagious and often fatal disease called rinderpest in cattle, buffalo, and other even-toed ungulates (artiodactyls), including sheep, goats, and members of the deer family.

Historically, rinderpest has had devastating effects on livestock populations and has significantly impacted agricultural economies worldwide. The virus is primarily transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions and excretions. It mainly affects the respiratory and digestive systems of the host, causing symptoms such as fever, mouth sores, diarrhea, and severe weight loss.

Rinderpest was declared eradicated by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) in 2011, following a global effort to vaccinate animals and control the spread of the virus. It is one of only two viral diseases (the other being smallpox) that have been successfully eradicated through human intervention.

Hemagglutinins are glycoprotein spikes found on the surface of influenza viruses. They play a crucial role in the viral infection process by binding to sialic acid receptors on host cells, primarily in the respiratory tract. After attachment, hemagglutinins mediate the fusion of the viral and host cell membranes, allowing the viral genome to enter the host cell and initiate replication.

There are 18 different subtypes of hemagglutinin (H1-H18) identified in influenza A viruses, which naturally infect various animal species, including birds, pigs, and humans. The specificity of hemagglutinins for particular sialic acid receptors can influence host range and tissue tropism, contributing to the zoonotic potential of certain influenza A virus subtypes.

Hemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays are commonly used in virology and epidemiology to measure the antibody response to influenza viruses and determine vaccine effectiveness. In these assays, hemagglutinins bind to red blood cells coated with sialic acid receptors, forming a diffuse mat of cells that can be observed visually. The addition of specific antisera containing antibodies against the hemagglutinin prevents this binding and results in the formation of discrete buttons of red blood cells, indicating a positive HI titer and the presence of neutralizing antibodies.

A viral vaccine is a biological preparation that introduces your body to a specific virus in a way that helps your immune system build up protection against the virus without causing the illness. Viral vaccines can be made from weakened or inactivated forms of the virus, or parts of the virus such as proteins or sugars. Once introduced to the body, the immune system recognizes the virus as foreign and produces an immune response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body and provide immunity against future infection with that specific virus.

Viral vaccines are important tools for preventing infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A and B, rabies, rotavirus, chickenpox, shingles, and some types of cancer. Vaccination programs have led to the control or elimination of many infectious diseases that were once common.

It's important to note that viral vaccines are not effective against bacterial infections, and separate vaccines must be developed for each type of virus. Additionally, because viruses can mutate over time, it is necessary to update some viral vaccines periodically to ensure continued protection.

Viral fusion proteins are specialized surface proteins found on the envelope of enveloped viruses. These proteins play a crucial role in the viral infection process by mediating the fusion of the viral membrane with the target cell membrane, allowing the viral genetic material to enter the host cell and initiate replication.

The fusion protein is often synthesized as an inactive precursor, which undergoes a series of conformational changes upon interaction with specific receptors on the host cell surface. This results in the exposure of hydrophobic fusion peptides or domains that insert into the target cell membrane, bringing the two membranes into close proximity and facilitating their merger.

A well-known example of a viral fusion protein is the gp120/gp41 complex found on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). The gp120 subunit binds to CD4 receptors and chemokine coreceptors on the host cell surface, triggering conformational changes in the gp41 subunit that expose the fusion peptide and enable membrane fusion. Understanding the structure and function of viral fusion proteins is important for developing antiviral strategies and vaccines.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Foxes" is not a term that has a widely accepted or specific medical definition. The common fox (Vulpes vulpes) is a species of small omnivorous mammals, and while there can be medical issues related to foxes or other animals in certain contexts, such as zoonotic diseases, "Foxes" itself does not have a medical connotation. If you have any specific medical query, I'd be happy to try and help with that.

'Cercopithecus aethiops' is the scientific name for the monkey species more commonly known as the green monkey. It belongs to the family Cercopithecidae and is native to western Africa. The green monkey is omnivorous, with a diet that includes fruits, nuts, seeds, insects, and small vertebrates. They are known for their distinctive greenish-brown fur and long tail. Green monkeys are also important animal models in biomedical research due to their susceptibility to certain diseases, such as SIV (simian immunodeficiency virus), which is closely related to HIV.

Canine Parvovirus (CPV) is a small, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus that belongs to the family Parvoviridae and genus Parvovirus. It is highly contagious and can cause severe gastrointestinal illness in dogs, particularly in puppies between 6 weeks and 6 months old.

The virus primarily attacks rapidly dividing cells in the body, such as those found in the intestinal lining, leading to symptoms like vomiting, diarrhea (often bloody), lethargy, loss of appetite, and fever. CPV can also cause damage to the bone marrow, which can result in a decrease in white blood cell counts and make the dog more susceptible to secondary infections.

Canine parvovirus is highly resistant to environmental factors and can survive for long periods of time on surfaces, making it easy to transmit from one dog to another through direct contact with infected dogs or their feces. Fortunately, there are effective vaccines available to prevent CPV infection in dogs.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "Azerbaijan" is a country's name and not a medical term or condition. It is located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia. If you have any questions about Azerbaijani culture, history, or geography, I would be happy to try to help answer them, but for medical information, it would be best to consult a reliable health or medical resource.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Mink" is not a medical term. It refers to a species of small, semiaquatic carnivorous mammals that are known for their sleek fur. They belong to the family Mustelidae, which also includes otters, weasels, and ferrets. If you have any questions about medical terminology or health-related topics, I'd be happy to help!

A medical definition for "Raccoon Dogs" does not exist, as they are not a species related to human health or medicine. Raccoon dogs are actually a type of wild dog that are native to East Asia and are named for their raccoon-like facial features. They belong to the Canidae family and the Nyctereutes genus, with the scientific name Nyctereutes procyonoides.

Raccoon dogs are sometimes kept as exotic pets or used in biomedical research, but they do not have a direct impact on human health. However, like many other wild animals, raccoon dogs can carry and transmit various diseases, such as rabies, to other animals and potentially to humans if they come into contact with infected saliva or other bodily fluids. Therefore, it is important to handle and care for them appropriately to minimize the risk of disease transmission.

Avipoxvirus is a genus of double-stranded DNA viruses in the family Poxviridae, subfamily Chordopoxvirinae. This genus includes a group of species that are the cause of avian pox, a disease affecting birds. The virus is transmitted through contact with infected birds or contaminated surfaces and causes the formation of wart-like growths on the skin and mucous membranes of affected birds. Avipoxvirus infections can lead to decreased mobility, reduced food intake, and impaired respiration, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality in bird populations.

Emaciation is a state of extreme leanness or thinness, often due to lack of nutrition or disease. It is characterized by significant loss of body fat and muscle mass, resulting in a noticeable decrease in overall body weight. Emaciation can be a serious medical condition that requires immediate attention and treatment. In addition to malnutrition and various diseases, emaciation can also result from substance abuse, eating disorders, or mental health conditions such as depression and anxiety. It is important to consult with a healthcare professional if you are experiencing unexplained weight loss or signs of emaciation.

Feline Panleukopenia is a highly contagious and often fatal viral disease in cats, also known as feline parvovirus infection. It is caused by the feline parvovirus (FPV), which belongs to the same family as the canine parvovirus. The virus primarily affects the rapidly dividing cells in the cat's body, such as those found in the intestinal lining, bone marrow, and fetal tissues.

The term "panleukopenia" refers to the severe decrease in white blood cells (leukopenia) that occurs in infected cats. This profound immune suppression makes the cat highly susceptible to secondary bacterial and viral infections, further complicating its condition.

Clinical signs of Feline Panleukopenia may include:

1. Vomiting
2. Diarrhea (often containing blood)
3. Loss of appetite
4. Lethargy
5. High fever
6. Abdominal pain
7. Dehydration

The virus is transmitted through direct contact with infected cats or their feces, as well as contaminated environments, food, and water bowls. Feline Panleukopenia can be prevented through vaccination, which is a critical component of routine cat healthcare. If you suspect your cat may have contracted this virus, consult a veterinarian immediately for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.

Canid herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1), also known as canine herpesvirus or cytomegalovirus, is a DNA virus belonging to the family Herpesviridae, subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae, and genus Varicellovirus. It primarily affects members of the Canidae family, including domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) and other canid species.

CHV-1 is characterized by its ability to cause a range of clinical signs, from asymptomatic infection to acute fatal disease in young puppies. The virus mainly targets the respiratory and reproductive systems, leading to conditions such as fading puppy syndrome, stillbirths, neonatal deaths, and respiratory issues in adult dogs.

The virus is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals, their bodily fluids (e.g., saliva, urine), or contaminated objects. CHV-1 has a predilection for infecting epithelial cells and macrophages in the host, leading to the formation of characteristic intranuclear inclusion bodies.

Despite its potential to cause severe disease, many adult dogs can become latently infected with CHV-1, meaning that the virus remains dormant within their nervous system without causing any apparent clinical signs. However, stress or immunosuppression may reactivate the virus, leading to recurrent shedding and potential transmission to other susceptible animals.

Prevention strategies for CHV-1 include good biosecurity measures, such as isolating newly introduced dogs from the existing population, maintaining cleanliness in breeding facilities, and avoiding overcrowding. Vaccination is available in some countries; however, its efficacy varies, and it may not prevent infection or shedding entirely.

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is not caused by a virus, but rather it is a slow, progressive, and fatal inflammatory disease of the central nervous system that is caused by a persistent infection with the measles virus. Therefore, there isn't a specific "SSPE virus," but rather SSPE is a complication of a measles virus infection.

In most cases, measles causes an acute infection that lasts for about 1-2 weeks and then resolves. However, in rare cases, the measles virus can persist in the body, particularly in immunocompromised individuals, and cause a progressive neurological disorder known as SSPE. The disease typically develops several years after the initial measles infection, and it is characterized by behavioral changes, intellectual deterioration, myoclonus (involuntary muscle jerks), seizures, and eventually coma and death.

It's important to note that vaccination against measles is highly effective in preventing both the acute infection and the development of SSPE.

Antibodies, viral are proteins produced by the immune system in response to an infection with a virus. These antibodies are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens on the surface of the virus, which helps to neutralize or destroy the virus and prevent its replication. Once produced, these antibodies can provide immunity against future infections with the same virus.

Viral antibodies are typically composed of four polypeptide chains - two heavy chains and two light chains - that are held together by disulfide bonds. The binding site for the antigen is located at the tip of the Y-shaped structure, formed by the variable regions of the heavy and light chains.

There are five classes of antibodies in humans: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Each class has a different function and is distributed differently throughout the body. For example, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in the bloodstream and provides long-term immunity against viruses, while IgA is found primarily in mucous membranes and helps to protect against respiratory and gastrointestinal infections.

In addition to their role in the immune response, viral antibodies can also be used as diagnostic tools to detect the presence of a specific virus in a patient's blood or other bodily fluids.

Animal testing alternatives, also known as alternative methods or replacement methods, refer to scientific techniques that can be used to replace the use of animals in research and testing. These methods aim to achieve the same scientific objectives while avoiding harm to animals. There are several categories of animal testing alternatives:

1. In vitro (test tube or cell culture) methods: These methods involve growing cells or tissues in a laboratory setting, outside of a living organism. They can be used to study the effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances on specific cell types or tissues.
2. Computer modeling and simulation: Advanced computer programs and algorithms can be used to model biological systems and predict how they will respond to various stimuli. These methods can help researchers understand complex biological processes without using animals.
3. In silico (using computer models) methods: These methods involve the use of computational tools and databases to predict the potential toxicity or other biological effects of chemicals, drugs, and other substances. They can be used to identify potential hazards and prioritize further testing.
4. Microdosing: This method involves giving human volunteers very small doses of a drug or chemical, followed by careful monitoring to assess its safety and pharmacological properties. This approach can provide valuable information while minimizing the use of animals.
5. Tissue engineering: Scientists can create functional tissue constructs using cells, scaffolds, and bioreactors. These engineered tissues can be used to study the effects of drugs, chemicals, and other substances on human tissues without using animals.
6. Human-based approaches: These methods involve the use of human volunteers, donated tissues, or cells obtained from consenting adults. Examples include microdosing, organ-on-a-chip technology, and the use of human cell lines in laboratory experiments.

These animal testing alternatives can help reduce the number of animals used in research and testing, refine experimental procedures to minimize suffering, and replace the use of animals with non-animal methods whenever possible.

Animal welfare is a concept that refers to the state of an animal's physical and mental health, comfort, and ability to express normal behaviors. It encompasses factors such as proper nutrition, housing, handling, care, treatment, and protection from harm and distress. The goal of animal welfare is to ensure that animals are treated with respect and consideration, and that their needs and interests are met in a responsible and ethical manner.

The concept of animal welfare is based on the recognition that animals are sentient beings capable of experiencing pain, suffering, and emotions, and that they have intrinsic value beyond their usefulness to humans. It is guided by principles such as the "Five Freedoms," which include freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury or disease, freedom to express normal behavior, and freedom from fear and distress.

Animal welfare is an important consideration in various fields, including agriculture, research, conservation, entertainment, and companionship. It involves a multidisciplinary approach that draws on knowledge from biology, ethology, veterinary medicine, psychology, philosophy, and law. Ultimately, animal welfare aims to promote the humane treatment of animals and to ensure their well-being in all aspects of their lives.

Animal experimentation, also known as animal testing, refers to the use of non-human animals in scientific research and testing to understand the effects of various substances, treatments, or procedures on living organisms. This practice is performed with the goal of advancing medical and veterinary knowledge, developing new medications, treatments, and surgical techniques, as well as studying basic biological processes and diseases.

In animal experimentation, researchers expose animals to specific conditions, treatments, or substances and then analyze their responses, behaviors, physiological changes, or other outcomes. The selection of animal species for these experiments depends on the research question and the similarities between the animal model and the human or target species under investigation. Commonly used animals include mice, rats, rabbits, guinea pigs, hamsters, primates, and dogs.

Animal experimentation has been instrumental in numerous scientific breakthroughs and medical advancements throughout history. However, it remains a controversial topic due to ethical concerns regarding the treatment and welfare of animals used in research. Many organizations advocate for the reduction, refinement, or replacement (3Rs) of animal testing, aiming to minimize animal suffering and find alternative methods whenever possible.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "paint" is not a medical term. In a general sense, paint is a substance that is applied as a protective or decorative coating to various surfaces. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like me to clarify, please let me know!

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "lighting" does not have a specific medical definition. In a general context, lighting refers to the arrangement or use of light sources to achieve a particular effect or atmosphere. However, if you are referring to a term in medicine that may be similar to "lighting," you might be thinking of "lumination" or "illumination," which refer to the act of providing or admitting light, especially for medical examination or surgical procedures. I hope this helps! If you have any other questions, please don't hesitate to ask.

"Awards and prizes" in a medical context generally refer to recognitions given to individuals or organizations for significant achievements, contributions, or advancements in the field of medicine. These can include:

1. Research Awards: Given to researchers who have made significant breakthroughs or discoveries in medical research.
2. Lifetime Achievement Awards: Recognizing individuals who have dedicated their lives to advancing medicine and healthcare.
3. Humanitarian Awards: Presented to those who have provided exceptional service to improving the health and well-being of underserved populations.
4. Innovation Awards: Given to recognize groundbreaking new treatments, technologies, or approaches in medicine.
5. Educator Awards: Honoring medical educators for their contributions to teaching and mentoring future healthcare professionals.
6. Patient Care Awards: Recognizing excellence in patient care and advocacy.
7. Public Health Awards: Given for outstanding work in preventing disease and promoting health at the population level.
8. Global Health Awards: Honoring those who have made significant contributions to improving health outcomes in low-resource settings around the world.

These awards can be given by various organizations, including medical societies, hospitals, universities, pharmaceutical companies, and government agencies.

I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "art." In general, art refers to creative works that express or evoke emotions through meaning, symbolism, form, and/or color. This can include various forms such as visual arts (painting, sculpture, photography), performing arts (theater, music, dance), literary arts (poetry, novels), and more.

However, there is a field of study called medical humanities that explores the intersection between medicine and the humanities, including art. In this context, art can be used as a tool for healing, communication, reflection, and understanding in healthcare settings. For example, art therapy is a form of expressive therapy that uses creative activities like drawing, painting, or sculpting to help patients explore their emotions, improve their mental health, and enhance their well-being.

Therefore, while there may not be a specific medical definition for "art," it can have significant implications for healthcare and the human experience.

Caseins are a group of phosphoproteins found in the milk of mammals, including cows and humans. They are the major proteins in milk, making up about 80% of the total protein content. Caseins are characterized by their ability to form micelles, or tiny particles, in milk when it is mixed with calcium. This property allows caseins to help transport calcium and other minerals throughout the body.

Caseins are also known for their nutritional value, as they provide essential amino acids and are easily digestible. They are often used as ingredients in infant formula and other food products. Additionally, caseins have been studied for their potential health benefits, such as reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease and improving bone health. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits.

Look up distemper in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Distemper may refer to: A viral infection Canine distemper, a disease of ... dogs Feline distemper, a disease of cats Phocine distemper, a disease of seals A bacterial infection Equine distemper, or ... Distemper' was used in mid 18th century England. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Distemper. ... in pre-modern medicine Distemper (paint), a decorative paint and a historical medium for painting pictures Distemper (band), a ...
Distemper is the first non-compilation album by The New Christs. It reached #1 on the Australian Alternative Charts. According ... "List Archive". Distemper on Citadel Records v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ...
"Overview of Canine Distemper: Canine Distemper: Merck Veterinary Manual". www.merckvetmanual.com. Kenilworth, NJ: Merck Sharp ... "Health Topics: Pet Health: Canine Distemper: Canine Distemper Overview". HealthCommunities.com. 4 Nov 2014 [28 Feb 2001]. ... Canine Distemper, see "Canine Distemper Overview - Generalized Conditions". Archived from the original on 2014-12-23. Retrieved ... were long believed to be resistant to canine distemper until some researchers reported the prevalence of canine distemper virus ...
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Distemper (paint). Removing Distemper. Soft Distemper The Problem with Distemper ( ... Hard distemper is stronger and wear-resistant and can include casein or linseed oil as binders. Distemper is an early form of ... Distempered surfaces can be easily marked and discoloured, and cannot be washed down, so distemper is best suited to temporary ... In architecture, distemper paints usually consist of a glue binder with calcium carbonate as the base pigment. Distemper was ...
Distemper is a Russian ska punk band from Moscow that was founded in 1989. Distemper was founded on 4 September 1989 in Moscow ... Distemper Records) 2001: Hi! Good morning! (BRP Rec. / Distemper Records) 2003: Нам по… ! (We don't give a… !)(BRP Rec. / ... Distemper Records) 2003: Путеводитель по русскому року (The Russian rock guide) (BRP Rec.) 2003: Distemper + The Know How ( ... Wikimedia Commons has media related to Distemper (band). Official bandpage Distemper discography at MusicBrainz 4 albums ...
... is a short collection of English poems by Robert Browning, published in 1876. The ... Prologue Of Pacchiarotto, and How He Worked in Distemper At the "Mermaid" House Shop Pisgah-Sights Fears and Scruples Natural ...
"Ferret Distemper". CVMBS News. October 21, 2015. "Human Influenza Virus in Ferrets". Petmd.com. Jerry Murray, DVM (16 April ... Viral diseases include canine distemper, influenza and ferret systemic coronavirus. A high proportion of ferrets with white ... and some require a distemper vaccine and treatment for ticks and fleas 24 to 48 hours before entry. Ferrets occasionally need ...
Distemper, adenovirus type 1 (thus hepatitis), parainfluenza, and parvovirus are covered by all 4, but only DAPPC covers ... It is recommended that the pet owner vaccinate for distemper even if the other preventatives are not a concern. Adenovirus is ... "Canine distemper". American Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved 2019-12-09. "Adenovirus 1 in Dogs". www.petmd.com. ... The DA2PPC vaccine protects against the debilitating and deadly disease canine distemper. This disease is a fatal viral illness ...
... , retrieved April 20, 2022 Muir 2007, p. 555 Muir 2007, p. 556 Simon, John (July 21, 1978). "DOG-DAY DISTEMPER". National ...
Feline Distemper (Panleukopenia) from The Pet Health Library How to Limit Parvo in Shelters, Rescues and Transfer Animals (All ... Brooks W (2017-01-09). "Distemper (Panleukopenia) in Cats". Veterinary Partner. Veterinary Information Network, Inc. "Feline ... "Treatment Options for Feline Panleukopenia (Distemper)". VetInfo. Retrieved 30 May 2011. Burkholder T, Feliciano CL, Vandewoude ... "feline distemper". In addition to members of the felid family, it can also affect other carnivorans (e.g. raccoon, mink). ...
Lobetti, Remo (2003). "Canine Parvovirus and Distemper". Proceedings of the 28th World Congress of the World Small Animal ...
Canine distemper virus is closely related to measles virus and is the most important viral disease of dogs. The disease (which ... Murphy p. 169 Murphy p.423 Hall, A. J., Jepson, P. D., Goodman, S. J. & Harkonen, T. "Phocine distemper virus in the North and ... In 1988 and 2002, thousands of harbor seals were killed in Europe by the measles-like phocine distemper virus. Large outbreaks ... The infection resembled canine distemper; the animals died within two weeks of respiratory distress and many aborted pups were ...
ISBN 0-7710-3732-5. Newman, Peter C. (1968). The Distemper of our Times. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. Radwanski, George (1978 ...
DISTEMPERED HAPP'. G. R. Batho., ed., HMC Calendar of Talbot Papers (London, 1971), pp. 229-30, 233, (Lambeth Talbot K. fols. ...
Hobsbawm, Eric (interview) (January-February 2010). "World Distempers". New Left Review. II (61). Brief bio and links to ...
My distemper was a pleurisy, which very nearly carried me off. I suffered a good deal, gave up the point in my own mind, and ... I forget what his distemper was; it held him a long time, and at length carried him off. He left me a small legacy in a ...
He worked in distemper and watercolor. Harjo exhibited his work at the Five Civilized Tribes Museum, Red Earth Festival, Creek ...
The dog had died of canine distemper. Earlier remains dating back to 30,000 years ago have been described as Paleolithic dogs, ...
Many versions of spattering were performed, always on a base layer of distemper. When the distemper had dried spots were ... For both, white distemper was still used for the base layer. Wall painters would separate the surface into sections with ... Glue based distemper was ubiquitous for decorating walls and ceilings. Wax bars made from boiling animal glue were heated and ... Distemper covered walls are sensitive to both moisture and wear, but are otherwise resistant to degeneration. Furniture and ...
"Strangles (Distemper) in Horses - MSD Veterinary Manual". MSD Veterinary Manual. MSD. Retrieved 25 September 2023. Lascola, ...
Pitta - Bile - bilious distempers. Kapha - Phlegm - a phlegmatic temper. The three attributes. (The 3 original Powers causing ...
contains the horse-hoeing husbandry of grain and pulse; the distempers of corn. Volume III. treats the enemies of corn; ...
In Western terminology, this is a distemper technique; although it is often described as a form of gouache, this is incorrect, ... 12th century 19th-century Mongolian distemper painting with highlights of gold, depicting Shakyamuni flanked by Avalokiteśvara ...
The Cattle Distemper in Mid-Eighteenth-Century England, Charles F Mullett, Department of History, University of Missouri " ... Murrain /ˈmʌrɪn/ (also known as distemper) is an antiquated term for various infectious diseases affecting cattle and sheep. ... Mullett, Charles F. (1946). "The Cattle Distemper in Mid-Eighteenth-Century England". Agricultural History. 20 (3): 144-165. ... "more effectually to prevent the spreading of distemper which now rages amongst the horned cattle in this kingdom". For at least ...
... , formerly phocine distemper virus (PDV), is a paramyxovirus of the genus Morbillivirus that is pathogenic ... "Phocine distemper virus: current knowledge and future directions". Viruses. 6 (12): 5093-134. doi:10.3390/v6125093. PMC 4276944 ...
Ceiling treatments were generally simple, in white distemper. Lighting fittings were typical of the Arts and Craft Movement ... with the extensive use of white distemper and untreated or oiled and blackened oak and waxed timber floors, very much in the ...
Now both distemper and hepatitis can be controlled. A new track in Ireland opened in the form of Lifford, which was a former ...
Fortunately, this distemper does not affect the human species. As Pennant had noted in 1772, the human counterpart of the ... A cat, when seized with that distemper, springs like lightning through every corner of the house, falls into convulsions and ... animals' lead-brash was "mill-reek": The miners and smelters are subject here, as in other places, to the lead distemper, or ...
Experimental data indicate that ribavirin may have useful activity against canine distemper and poxviruses. Ribavirin has also ... February 2008). "In vitro efficacy of ribavirin against canine distemper virus". Antiviral Research. 77 (2): 108-113. doi: ...
"Glycerin distemper." It sales its patent in 1907 to Reeves and Sons which reports the process in UK under the name "Bélaváry ...
Look up distemper in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Distemper may refer to: A viral infection Canine distemper, a disease of ... dogs Feline distemper, a disease of cats Phocine distemper, a disease of seals A bacterial infection Equine distemper, or ... Distemper was used in mid 18th century England. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Distemper. ... in pre-modern medicine Distemper (paint), a decorative paint and a historical medium for painting pictures Distemper (band), a ...
The meaning of DISTEMPER is to throw out of order. How to use distemper in a sentence. ... Dallas News, 11 July 2022 The clinic will offer distemper and Bordetella for dogs, distemper for cats, and rabies vaccines for ... probably in part noun derivative of distemper entry 1, in part from dis- + temper entry 1 ... probably borrowed (with conformation to distemper entry 2) from Middle French destrempre pigment prepared by the distemper ...
Science News was founded in 1921 as an independent, nonprofit source of accurate information on the latest news of science, medicine and technology. Today, our mission remains the same: to empower people to evaluate the news and the world around them. It is published by the Society for Science, a nonprofit 501(c)(3) membership organization dedicated to public engagement in scientific research and education (EIN 53-0196483).. ...
Learn about PUREVAX Ferret Distemper for Animal Use including: active ingredients, directions for use, precautions, and storage ... PUREVAX Ferret Distemper. This page contains information on PUREVAX Ferret Distemper for veterinary use.. The information ... PUREVAX Ferret Distemper. This treatment applies to the following species:. *Ferrets. Company: Boehringer Ingelheim Animal ... PUREVAX Ferret Distemper Indications. This product has been shown to be effective for the vaccination of healthy ferrets 8 ...
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Canine distemper is a virus that attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems of adult dogs and puppies. The ... With five cases of canine distemper confirmed in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County Animal Services is asking dog owners to keep ... https://www.independent.com/2013/04/24/animal-services-warns-canine-distemper/ ...
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Feline Distemper is often spread via contact with an infected cat or contaminated items. It causes fever and diarrhea. Here, ... There is no excuse for not vaccinating cats against feline distemper.. Overview. Feline distemper is the common name for the ... Feline distemper attacks the intestinal tract and the immune system, greatly reducing the number of white blood cells in the ... The virus that causes feline distemper spreads through direct contact with an infected cat, contact with the urine or feces of ...
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Distemper paints may have Gum, Glue, or Casein binders. They are often used for interior decorative projects such as stage sets ... Occasionally, distemper paintings are varnished with a clear coat of glue size for protection. ... Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Distemper&oldid=89921" ...
Last month the Wichita Falls Animal Services Center had a Distemper outbreak at the shelter. ... In September, the Animal Services Center experienced a Distemper outbreak. Distemper is a viral disease that affects a wide ... "Being able to vaccinate on intake will provide some immediate immunity for distemper. But theyll get full immunity from ... The WF Animal Services Center had a Distemper outbreak in September.((Source: KAUZ)). ...
Distemper paints may have Gum, Glue, or Casein binders. They are often used for interior decorative projects such as stage sets ... Occasionally, distemper paintings are varnished with a clear coat of glue size for protection. ... Retrieved from "https://cameo.mfa.org/index.php?title=Distemper&oldid=89921" ...
Can a dog be immune to the parvo/distemper vaccine? Can a dog be immune to the parvo/distemper vaccine? My dog had to get a ... Have you ever heard of any dogs being immune to the parvo/distemper vaccines? Thank You. ... booster because his blood work showed that he was not protected against parvo/distemper. Had the booster shot last week and I ...
The canine distemper virus is highly contagious and is transmitted through the air as well as through bodily secretions. ... associated with distemper?. Dont be fooled - distemper is very, very serious and very contagious disease and can spread ... of canine distemper? Canine Distemper has so many different possible symptoms that are all so varied that any sick puppy should ... treat and prevent canine distemper?. Prevention of any infection is far and away the best way to deal with canine distemper. ...
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Long Beach Animal Control has now collected more than one hundred raccoons with distemper throughout the city. Animal control ...
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Uncommon Chronic Multifocal Distemper Encephalomyelitis in Two Mature Dogs World Small Animal Veterinary Association Congress ... Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious, systemic, viral disease that commonly causes central nervous system ... The aim of the report is to highlight the clinicopathological findings of two spontaneous cases of multifocal distemper ... CDV can produce an unusual form of encephalomyelitis known as multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in mature dogs. This ...
The lawsuit stemming from puppies that came home from area pet stores with distemper, in some cases dying from the condition, ... URL for more info: http://napervillesun.suntimes.com/news/distemper-NAP-09042013:article. Summary: ...
DistemperDigital Empathy2019-06-10T09:36:22+00:00 ...
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Cat Distemper Home Test Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) 5 Test Pack. £13.25. Inclusive of all Taxes. & FREE 2nd Class ... Be the first to review "Cat Distemper Home Test Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) 5 Test Pack" Cancel reply. You must be logged ... Home / All Products / Pet Health and Pharmacy / Feline Health Tests / Cat Distemper Home Test Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) ... Cat Distemper Home Test Feline Panleukopenia Virus (FPV) 5 Test Pack quantity. ...
Distemper painting by a Tibetan painter.. Reference. :. 47090i. Part of. :. Fifteen banners from a Tibetan Protector chapel.. * ...
**PRE-REGISTRATION REQUIRED** - Register Here! Cats, Dogs, and Ferrets welcome! Cats:FVRCP, FeLV & Rabies Dogs:DAPPV & Rabies -$20 per vaccine or ch ...
Distemper on cloth, with a silk brocade frame, mounted as a hanging scroll with wood handles. Depicting Green Tara seated atop ... Distemper on cloth, with a silk brocade frame, mounted as a hanging scroll with wood handles. Depicting Green Tara seated atop ...
... Jan Shivers shive003 ,@t, umn.edu Thu Sep 2 11:44:06 CDT 2004 *Previous message: [ ... I would greatly appreciate any vendor source suggestions for Canine Distemper Virus antibody (for use in IHC on FFPE tissue). ...
Canine Distemper Outbreak in Rhesus Monkeys, China Cite CITE. Title : Canine Distemper Outbreak in Rhesus Monkeys, China ... Rabies and Distemper Outbreaks in Smallest Ethiopian Wolf Population Cite CITE. Title : Rabies and Distemper Outbreaks in ... "Distemper Outbreak and Its Effect on African Wild Dog Conservation" 8, no. 2 (2002). van de Bildt, Marco W.G. et al. "Distemper ... "Canine Distemper Outbreak in Rhesus Monkeys, China" 17, no. 8 (2011). Qiu, Wei et al. "Canine Distemper Outbreak in Rhesus ...
The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative stress occurrence during canine distemper (CD) virus infection in ... Canine distemper, dog, oxidative stress, MDA, NO, ceruloplasmin, antioxidant status, glutathione, ascorbate, vitamin A. ...
  • This product has been shown to be effective for the vaccination of healthy ferrets 8 weeks of age and older against canine distemper virus. (drugs.com)
  • PureVax ® Ferret Distemper is a lyophilized vaccine of a recombinant canarypox vector expressing the HA and F glycoproteins of canine distemper virus. (drugs.com)
  • The canine distemper virus is highly contagious and is transmitted through the air as well as through various bodily secretions between animals. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a highly contagious, systemic, viral disease that commonly causes central nervous system disease in immature dogs. (vin.com)
  • I would greatly appreciate any vendor source suggestions for Canine Distemper Virus antibody (for use in IHC on FFPE tissue). (utsouthwestern.edu)
  • The causative agent was identified as Canine distemper virus (CDV) by means of histologic examination, virus isolation, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and nucleotide sequencing. (cdc.gov)
  • Q:How is Canine Distemper virus spread? (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • Even if a dog does not die from the disease, canine distemper virus can cause irreparable damage to a dog's nervous system. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • If a puppy is exposed to canine distemper virus during this gap in protection, it may become ill. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • Veterinarians sometimes use the Canine Distemper Virus Antigen Test to detect canine distemper. (petrapidtest.com)
  • Biomolecular Analysis of Canine Distemper Virus Strains in Two Domestic Ferrets ( Mustela putorius furo ). (bvsalud.org)
  • Feline Panleukopenia virus (FPV), also commonly referred to as feline distemper, is a highly contagious and life-threatening viral disease in cats. (homehealth-uk.com)
  • Also known as FPV and Feline Panleukopenia, Feline Distemper is a highly contagious viral disease that can be debilitating and even fatal. (pethospitalsofhawaii.com)
  • Distemper paints may have Gum , Glue , or Casein binders. (mfa.org)
  • We offer a vast range of Prime Acrylic Washable Distemper, which is specially designed for interior walls in a water-based formula. (iconpaints.com)
  • Prime Acrylic Washable Distemper can be easily mixed with water to form a paste. (iconpaints.com)
  • Our Prime Acrylic Washable Distemper is known for its high-quality formulation, which ensures a long-lasting finish. (iconpaints.com)
  • Since there is no cure for distemper, one needs to take note of preventative measures to decrease the possibility of transmission. (doobert.com)
  • There is no cure for distemper. (akc.org)
  • The affidavit said five of the dogs had no veterinary history, five had expired rabies/ distemper vaccines exceeding two year and that four of the dogs had never received a rabies/distemper vaccine. (merriam-webster.com)
  • Dallas News , 11 July 2022 The clinic will offer distemper and Bordetella for dogs, distemper for cats, and rabies vaccines for dogs, cat, and ferrets. (merriam-webster.com)
  • Have you ever heard of any dogs being immune to the parvo/distemper vaccines? (vetinfo.com)
  • Excellent vaccines have been developed to prevent canine distemper and these have minimal side effects. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • Vaccines are not 100% effective, and dogs can still get distemper if they are vaccinated. (petrapidtest.com)
  • Can a dog be immune to the parvo/distemper vaccine? (vetinfo.com)
  • Sarah Bahari, Dallas News , 1 July 2021 The organization also vaccinated 150 dogs in 2021 against distemper and some 2,000 wild ones against rabies, which can spread to red pandas. (merriam-webster.com)
  • Matt Hrodey, Discover Magazine , 9 May 2023 The number continues to decrease due to human conflict, habitat fragmentation and widespread diseases such as distemper and rabies. (merriam-webster.com)
  • In addition, affected animals should be handled carefully by a professional until a diagnosis is official, especially since some of the distemper and rabies indications are identical. (doobert.com)
  • With five cases of canine distemper confirmed in Santa Maria, Santa Barbara County Animal Services is asking dog owners to keep a close eye on their pets and immediately report any symptoms of the disease to their veterinarian. (independent.com)
  • Canine Distemper has so many different possible symptoms that are all so varied that any sick puppy should be taken to a veterinarian for a definite diagnosis immediately. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • Symptoms such as eye and nasal discharge, wheezing, coughing, and pneumonia appear 10-14 days after contracting the distemper virus. (doobert.com)
  • Because of the potential seriousness of feline distemper it is important for pet owners to recognise the various feline distemper symptoms so that they can get the disease treated as quickly as possible. (all-about-siamese-cats.com)
  • If your cat begins to show the symptoms of feline distemper you should make sure that you take it in to see the vet and get it checked over so that the vet can confirm whether or not your pet has this condition and can arrange treatment accordingly. (all-about-siamese-cats.com)
  • Long Beach Animal Control has now collected more than one hundred raccoons with distemper throughout the city. (wxxv25.com)
  • A severe and contagious disease caused by a virus that attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), and nervous systems of dogs, raccoons, skunks, and other animals, distemper spreads through airborne exposure (through sneezing or coughing) from an infected animal. (akc.org)
  • Despite the name, this contagious disease does not affect a cat's temperament nor is it related to canine distemper. (vetstreet.com)
  • Sarah Kuta, Smithsonian Magazine , 28 Aug. 2023 And there was a recent distemper outbreak, which forced them to limit the amount of space available. (merriam-webster.com)
  • The WF Animal Services Center had a Distemper outbreak in September. (newschannel6now.com)
  • Title : Distemper Outbreak and Its Effect on African Wild Dog Conservation Personal Author(s) : van de Bildt, Marco W.G.;Kuiken, Thijs;Visee, Aart M.;Lema, Sangito;Fitzjohn, Tony R.;Osterhaus, Albert D.M.E. (cdc.gov)
  • Katia Parks, Baltimore Sun , 14 July 2023 Dogs recently housed in its shelter tested positive for distemper , an incurable and often fatal disease that affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, the Humane Society said on Facebook. (merriam-webster.com)
  • Canine distemper is a virus that attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems of adult dogs and puppies. (independent.com)
  • Most often distemper is spread as dogs breathe or cough on each other or through discharge from the eyes and nose, as well as in all body secretions from infected animals. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • The distemper virus suppresses the pet's immune system and actually multiples within the dogs system as it spreads throughout the body. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • It is very fortunate that many dogs infected with distemper virus do not become seriously ill, but it is also true that of the dogs that do become ill, about half will die. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • Also, dogs suffering from distemper are usually listless and have poor appetites. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • The aim of the report is to highlight the clinicopathological findings of two spontaneous cases of multifocal distemper encephalomyelitis in mature dogs and to show the pathological differences between this form and the usual CDV form in immature dogs. (vin.com)
  • A:All dogs are at risk but puppies younger than four months old and dogs that have not been vaccinated against canine distemper are at increased risk of acquiring the disease. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • To protect their adult dogs, pet owners should be sure that their dog's distemper vaccination is up-to-date. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • Canine distemper is estimated to be fatal in around 50% of cases affecting adult dogs and around 80% of cases affecting puppies. (battlefieldanimalclinic.net)
  • How can I treat my dogs' distemper at home? (petrapidtest.com)
  • Feline distemper is the common name for the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), which is sometimes also referred to as feline parvovirus. (vetstreet.com)
  • The first distemper vaccination is given to treat those puppies who are susceptible at that particular time while the follow-up vaccinations are given to provide protection to almost all puppies who receive vaccination. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • A: Vaccination and avoiding contact with infected animals are key elements of canine distemper prevention. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • Vaccination aimed at preventing distemper is the best strategy. (rosehillvetclinic.com)
  • Louis Sahagún, Los Angeles Times , 1 Oct. 2023 The population is largely healthy, though the Yellowstone wolves have suffered from diseases like distemper and a skin infection known as sarcoptic mange, which is transmitted by mites. (merriam-webster.com)
  • A simple traditional distemper from Farrow & Ball bound with natural resins with a very flat powdery finish. (designerpaint.com)
  • Although there are no cures, symptomatic therapies and supportive care are available to help animals diagnosed with distemper. (doobert.com)
  • On Tuesday, the Wichita Falls City Council amended an ordinance to allow the health department to vaccinate all animals brought into the center for Parvo, Distemper, and Kennel Cough. (newschannel6now.com)
  • My dog had to get a booster because his blood work showed that he was not protected against parvo/distemper. (vetinfo.com)
  • Some surviving German Shepherds develop immunities to protect them from distemper for the rest of their lives - this is not the case with young puppies however. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • The lawsuit stemming from puppies that came home from area pet stores with distemper, in some cases dying from the condition, is moving ahead. (caps-web.org)
  • This means even vaccinated puppies may occasionally succumb to distemper. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • Distemper is so serious and the signs so varied that any sick dog should be taken to a veterinarian for an examination and diagnosis. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • A cluster of distemper virus emerged in an Asiatic lion population in In- symptomatic and asymptomatic infections of severe fever with dia. (cdc.gov)
  • Prevention of any infection is far and away the best way to deal with canine distemper. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • The aim of the present study was to investigate the oxidative stress occurrence during canine distemper (CD) virus infection in dog. (revmedvet.com)
  • The virus that causes feline distemper spreads through direct contact with an infected cat, contact with the urine or feces of an infected cat, or contact with contaminated items in the environment. (vetstreet.com)
  • Patients that recover from distemper may also suffer permanent damage to their vision, their nervous system, behavioral changes, have seizures, walk in circles. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • A: Veterinarians diagnose canine distemper on the basis of clinical appearance and laboratory tests. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • but distemper virus can also affect many other systems in the body. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • Because canine distemper also affects wildlife populations, contact between wild and domestic canids may facilitate spread of the virus. (lowcostvaccination.com)
  • Surviving the Feline Distemper means your cat will be immune if it comes into contact with the virus in the future. (pethospitalsofhawaii.com)
  • Canine distemper is caused by a virus that is shed in bodily fluids of infected animals. (rosehillvetclinic.com)
  • Feline distemper attacks the intestinal tract and the immune system, greatly reducing the number of white blood cells in the circulation. (vetstreet.com)
  • Being able to vaccinate on intake will provide some immediate immunity for distemper. (newschannel6now.com)
  • Don't be fooled - distemper is very, very serious and very contagious disease and can spread quickly through a kennel. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • Discover 57 products from Oil Bound Distempers manufacturers, suppliers, distributors, and dealers across India. (tradeindia.com)
  • Oil Bound Distempers product price in India ranges from 480 to 1,400 INR and minimum order requirements from 1 to 1,000. (tradeindia.com)
  • This page contains information on PUREVAX Ferret Distemper for veterinary use . (drugs.com)
  • We offer a wide range of Oil Bound Distempers selections in various locations including Delhi, Mumbai, Hyderabad, Pune, Lucknow and many more. (tradeindia.com)
  • Occasionally, distemper paintings are varnished with a clear coat of glue size for protection. (mfa.org)
  • There is no excuse for not vaccinating cats against feline distemper. (vetstreet.com)
  • Therapy for distemper is largely supportive consisting of intravenous fluids, anti-seizure medications and other types of medications. (total-german-shepherd.com)
  • Currently there are no antiviral medications to treat canine distemper. (rosehillvetclinic.com)
  • What Animals Can Get Distemper? (doobert.com)
  • Or perhaps, curiosity strikes, and you suddenly want to know what animals can get distemper? (doobert.com)
  • Wild animals with distemper are more prone to death since they can't access therapy. (doobert.com)
  • Distemper is an exclusively interior application and must be applied to primed or previously painted surfaces. (durapaints.co.za)
  • Distemper is not suitable for rough plastered surfaces, but it can be applied to wood and finished with Antiquing Liquid to achieve an aged look. (durapaints.co.za)
  • Canine distemper is very contagious, and wild and domestic carnivores are affected by this common illness. (doobert.com)