Disinfection. Medical search

Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.

Any of several processes in which undesirable impurities in water are removed or neutralized; for example, chlorination, filtration, primary treatment, ion exchange, and distillation. It includes treatment of WASTE WATER to provide potable and hygienic water in a controlled or closed environment as well as provision of public drinking water supplies.

A greenish-yellow, diatomic gas that is a member of the halogen family of elements. It has the atomic symbol Cl, atomic number 17, and atomic weight 70.906. It is a powerful irritant that can cause fatal pulmonary edema. Chlorine is used in manufacturing, as a reagent in synthetic chemistry, for water purification, and in the production of chlorinated lime, which is used in fabric bleaching.

Chemicals especially for use on instruments to destroy pathogenic organisms. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Methanes substituted with three halogen atoms, which may be the same or different.

Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.

The act of cleansing the hands with water or other liquid, with or without the inclusion of soap or other detergent, for the purpose of destroying infectious microorganisms.

The presence of an infectious agent on instruments, prostheses, or other inanimate articles.

Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)

It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.

Instruments for the visual examination of interior structures of the body. There are rigid endoscopes and flexible fiberoptic endoscopes for various types of viewing in ENDOSCOPY.

Sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. These detergent substances are obtained by boiling natural oils or fats with caustic alkali. Sodium soaps are harder and are used as topical anti-infectives and vehicles in pills and liniments; potassium soaps are soft, used as vehicles for ointments and also as topical antimicrobials.

A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.

Complexes of iodine and non-ionic SURFACE-ACTIVE AGENTS acting as carrier and solubilizing agent for the iodine in water. Iodophors usually enhance bactericidal activity of iodine, reduce vapor pressure and odor, minimize staining, and allow wide dilution with water. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A chlorinated bisphenol antiseptic with a bacteriostatic action against Gram-positive organisms, but much less effective against Gram-negative organisms. It is mainly used in soaps and creams and is an ingredient of various preparations used for skin disorders. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p797)

An iodinated polyvinyl polymer used as topical antiseptic in surgery and for skin and mucous membrane infections, also as aerosol. The iodine may be radiolabeled for research purposes.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.

Inactivation of viruses by non-immune related techniques. They include extremes of pH, HEAT treatment, ultraviolet radiation, IONIZING RADIATION; DESICCATION; ANTISEPTICS; DISINFECTANTS; organic solvents, and DETERGENTS.

One of the protein CROSS-LINKING REAGENTS that is used as a disinfectant for sterilization of heat-sensitive equipment and as a laboratory reagent, especially as a fixative.

A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.

Further or repeated use of equipment, instruments, devices, or materials. It includes additional use regardless of the original intent of the producer as to disposability or durability. It does not include the repeated use of fluids or solutions.

Covalent attachment of HALOGENS to other compounds.

The application of smoke, vapor, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms.

Water in its gaseous state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.

Water that is intended to be ingested.

The removal of contaminating material, such as radioactive materials, biological materials, or CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, from a person or object.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Ability of a microbe to survive under given conditions. This can also be related to a colony's ability to replicate.

A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium compounds. It is a bactericidal quaternary ammonium detergent used topically in medicaments, deodorants, mouthwashes, as a surgical antiseptic, and as a as preservative and emulsifier in drugs and cosmetics.

Negative ions or salts derived from bromic acid, HBrO3.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UHF (ultrahigh frequency) radio waves and extending into the INFRARED RAYS frequencies.

Instruments for the visual examination of the interior of the gastrointestinal tract.

Any materials used in providing care specifically in the hospital.

Substances used to create an impression, or negative reproduction, of the teeth and dental arches. These materials include dental plasters and cements, metallic oxide pastes, silicone base materials, or elastomeric materials.

The science dealing with the establishment and maintenance of health in the individual and the group. It includes the conditions and practices conducive to health. (Webster, 3d ed)

A prosthetic appliance for the replacement of areas of the maxilla, mandible, and face, missing as a result of deformity, disease, injury, or surgery. When the prosthesis replaces portions of the mandible only, it is referred to as MANDIBULAR PROSTHESIS.

Sterile solutions used to clean and disinfect contact lenses.

A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.

The process of refitting a denture by replacing the denture base material without changing the occlusal relations of the teeth. Rebasing may include adding to the denture base to compensate for resorptive changes to subjacent structures.

The part of a denture that overlies the soft tissue and supports the supplied teeth and is supported in turn by abutment teeth or the residual alveolar ridge. It is usually made of resins or metal or their combination.

Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.

Endoscopes for visual examination of the urinary bladder.

The type species of the genus NITROSOMONAS, a gram-negative chemolithotroph that oxidizes ammonia to nitrite. It is found in soil, sewage, freshwater, and on building walls, and especially in polluted areas where air contains high levels of nitrogen compounds.

The nonexpendable items used by the dentist or dental staff in the performance of professional duties. (From Boucher's Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed, p106)

One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.

The unstable triatomic form of oxygen, O3. It is a powerful oxidant that is produced for various chemical and industrial uses. Its production is also catalyzed in the ATMOSPHERE by ULTRAVIOLET RAY irradiation of oxygen or other ozone precursors such as VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS and NITROGEN OXIDES. About 90% of the ozone in the atmosphere exists in the stratosphere (STRATOSPHERIC OZONE).

Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.

Coloring, shading, or tinting of prosthetic components, devices, and materials.

A strong acid used as a protein precipitant in clinical chemistry and also as a caustic for removing warts.

A halogen with the atomic symbol Br, atomic number 36, and atomic weight 79.904. It is a volatile reddish-brown liquid that gives off suffocating vapors, is corrosive to the skin, and may cause severe gastroenteritis if ingested.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of boric acid.

Irradiation directly from the sun.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in the air. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

Stainless steel. A steel containing Ni, Cr, or both. It does not tarnish on exposure and is used in corrosive environments. (Grant & Hack's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Endoscopes used for examining the interior of the stomach.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

Endoscopes for the visualization of the interior of the bronchi.

A reagent that forms fluorescent conjugation products with primary amines. It is used for the detection of many biogenic amines, peptides, and proteins in nanogram quantities in body fluids.

A colorless liquid made by oxidation of aliphatic hydrocarbons that is used as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Inanimate objects that carry pathogenic microorganisms and thus can serve as the source of infection. Microorganisms typically survive on fomites for minutes or hours. Common fomites include CLOTHING, tissue paper, hairbrushes, and COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS.

A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation.

Facilities provided for human excretion, often with accompanying handwashing facilities.

Computer programs or software installed on mobile electronic devices which support a wide range of functions and uses which include television, telephone, video, music, word processing, and Internet service.

Substances used to clean dentures; they are usually alkaline peroxides or hypochlorites, may contain enzymes and release oxygen. Use also for sonic action cleaners.

A process of separating particulate matter from a fluid, such as air or a liquid, by passing the fluid carrier through a medium that will not pass the particulates. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A generic term for all substances having the properties of stretching under tension, high tensile strength, retracting rapidly, and recovering their original dimensions fully. They are generally POLYMERS.

A branch of engineering concerned with the design, construction, and maintenance of environmental facilities conducive to public health, such as water supply and waste disposal.

Zygote-containing cysts of sporozoan protozoa. Further development in an oocyst produces small individual infective organisms called SPOROZOITES. Then, depending on the genus, the entire oocyst is called a sporocyst or the oocyst contains multiple sporocysts encapsulating the sporozoites.

Soft, supple contact lenses made of plastic polymers which interact readily with water molecules. Many types are available, including continuous and extended-wear versions, which are gas-permeable and easily sterilized.

The placing of a body or a part thereof into a liquid.

Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.

A test to determine the relative hardness of a metal, mineral, or other material according to one of several scales, such as Brinell, Mohs, Rockwell, Vickers, or Shore. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Polymerized methyl methacrylate monomers which are used as sheets, moulding, extrusion powders, surface coating resins, emulsion polymers, fibers, inks, and films (From International Labor Organization, 1983). This material is also used in tooth implants, bone cements, and hard corneal contact lenses.

Hospital department which manages and provides the required housekeeping functions in all areas of the hospital.

A complete denture replacing all the natural maxillary teeth and associated maxillary structures. It is completely supported by the oral tissue and underlying maxillary bone.

Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Lenses designed to be worn on the front surface of the eyeball. (UMDNS, 1999)

Efforts to prevent and control the spread of infections within dental health facilities or those involving provision of dental care.

Strong alkaline chemicals that destroy soft body tissues resulting in a deep, penetrating type of burn, in contrast to corrosives, that result in a more superficial type of damage via chemical means or inflammation. Caustics are usually hydroxides of light metals. SODIUM HYDROXIDE and potassium hydroxide are the most widely used caustic agents in industry. Medically, they have been used externally to remove diseased or dead tissues and destroy warts and small tumors. The accidental ingestion of products (household and industrial) containing caustic ingredients results in thousands of injuries per year.

Polymers of high molecular weight which at some stage are capable of being molded and then harden to form useful components.

Endoscopes used for viewing the interior of blood vessels.

Silicon polymers that contain alternate silicon and oxygen atoms in linear or cyclic molecular structures.

The study of microorganisms living in a variety of environments (air, soil, water, etc.) and their pathogenic relationship to other organisms including man.

A species of parasitic protozoa that infects humans and most domestic mammals. Its oocysts measure five microns in diameter. These organisms exhibit alternating cycles of sexual and asexual reproduction.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

Polymers of silicone that are formed by crosslinking and treatment with amorphous silica to increase strength. They have properties similar to vulcanized natural rubber, in that they stretch under tension, retract rapidly, and fully recover to their original dimensions upon release. They are used in the encapsulation of surgical membranes and implants.

Hospital department which administers all activities pertaining to the hospital laundry service.

Those customs and ceremonies pertaining to the dead.

Infection of the cornea by an ameboid protozoan which may cause corneal ulceration leading to blindness.

A genus of free-living soil amoebae that produces no flagellate stage. Its organisms are pathogens for several infections in humans and have been found in the eye, bone, brain, and respiratory tract.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

Expendable and nonexpendable equipment, supplies, apparatus, and instruments that are used in diagnostic, surgical, therapeutic, scientific, and experimental procedures.

A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains two CHLORINE atoms attached to its methyl group.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

Derivatives of ammonium compounds, NH4+ Y-, in which all four of the hydrogens bonded to nitrogen have been replaced with hydrocarbyl groups. These are distinguished from IMINES which are RN=CR2.

A genus in the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with epidemic GASTROENTERITIS in humans. The type species, NORWALK VIRUS, contains multiple strains.

Pulsed-light inactivation of food-related microorganisms. (1/846)

The effects of high-intensity pulsed-light emissions of high or low UV content on the survival of predetermined populations of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were investigated. Bacterial cultures were seeded separately on the surface of tryptone soya-yeast extract agar and were reduced by up to 2 or 6 log10 orders with 200 light pulses (pulse duration, approximately 100 ns) of low or high UV content, respectively (P < 0.001). (+info)

Disinfection of upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy equipment: an evaluation of a cetrimide chlorhexidine solution and glutaraldehyde. (2/846)

There is little information available on the bacteriological contamination of upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopes during routine use and the effects of 'disinfecting solutions'. A bacteriological evaluation was therefore made of cleaning an endoscope and its ancillary equipment with (1) water, (2) an aqueous solution of 1% cetrimide with 0.1% chlorhexidine, and (3) activated aqueous 2% glutaraldehyde. All equipment, but particularly the endoscope itself, was found to be heavily contaminated after use with a wide variety of organisms of which 53% were Gram positive. Cleaning the endoscope and ancillary equipment with water and the cetrimide/chlorhexidine solution alone or in combination was inadequate to produce disinfection but immersion in glutaraldehyde for two minutes consistently produced sterile cultures with our sampling technique. A rapid and simple method for disinfection of endoscopic equipment is therefore recommended and we think this is especially suitable for busy endoscopy units. (+info)

A test for 'hygienic' hand disinfection. (3/846)

A standardised test procedure is described in which finger-tips are inoculated with broth cultures of organisms (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphyloccocus saprophyticus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa): counts are made from washings of hands after disinfection with various antiseptic-detergents, alcoholic solutions, or unmedicated soap. 70% alcohol, with or without chlorhexidine, was the most effective preparation. The two antiseptic detergents showed variable results, but against Gram-negative bacilli neither was significantly more effective than plain soap. Some tests were also made on the death rate of organisms dried on the skin without disinfection. (+info)

Drinking water disinfection byproducts: review and approach to toxicity evaluation. (4/846)

There is widespread potential for human exposure to disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in drinking water because everyone drinks, bathes, cooks, and cleans with water. The need for clean and safe water led the U.S. Congress to pass the Safe Drinking Water Act more than 20 years ago in 1974. In 1976, chloroform, a trihalomethane (THM) and a principal DBP, was shown to be carcinogenic in rodents. This prompted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) in 1979 to develop a drinking water rule that would provide guidance on the levels of THMs allowed in drinking water. Further concern was raised by epidemiology studies suggesting a weak association between the consumption of chlorinated drinking water and the occurrence of bladder, colon, and rectal cancer. In 1992 the U.S. EPA initiated a negotiated rulemaking to evaluate the need for additional controls for microbial pathogens and DBPs. The goal was to develop an approach that would reduce the level of exposure from disinfectants and DBPs without undermining the control of microbial pathogens. The product of these deliberations was a proposed stage 1 DBP rule. It was agreed that additional information was necessary on how to optimize the use of disinfectants while maintaining control of pathogens before further controls to reduce exposure beyond stage 1 were warranted. In response to this need, the U.S. EPA developed a 5-year research plan to support the development of the longer term rules to control microbial pathogens and DBPs. A considerable body of toxicologic data has been developed on DBPs that occur in the drinking water, but the main emphasis has been on THMs. Given the complexity of the problem and the need for additional data to support the drinking water DBP rules, the U.S. EPA, the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, and the U.S. Army are working together to develop a comprehensive biologic and mechanistic DBP database. Selected DBPs will be tested using 2-year toxicity and carcinogenicity studies in standard rodent models; transgenic mouse models and small fish models; in vitro mechanistic and toxicokinetic studies; and reproductive, immunotoxicity, and developmental studies. The goal is to create a toxicity database that reflects a wide range of DBPs resulting from different disinfection practices. This paper describes the approach developed by these agencies to provide the information needed to make scientifically based regulatory decisions. (+info)

Chlorine inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7. (5/846)

We analyzed isolates of Escherichia coli O157:H7 (which has recently caused waterborne outbreaks) and wild-type E. coli to determine their sensitivity to chlorination. Both pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains were significantly reduced within 1 minute of exposure to free chlorine. Results indicate that chlorine levels typically maintained in water systems are sufficient to inactivate these organisms. (+info)

Response of pathogenic Vibrio species to high hydrostatic pressure. (6/846)

Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802, Vibrio vulnificus ATCC 27562, Vibrio cholerae O:1 ATCC 14035, Vibrio cholerae non-O:1 ATCC 14547, Vibrio hollisae ATCC 33564, and Vibrio mimicus ATCC 33653 were treated with 200 to 300 MPa for 5 to 15 min at 25 degrees C. High hydrostatic pressure inactivated all strains of pathogenic Vibrio without triggering a viable but nonculturable (VBNC) state; however, cells already existing in a VBNC state appeared to possess greater pressure resistance. (+info)

Bronchoscopy-related infections and pseudoinfections--New York, 1996 and 1998. (7/846)

Bronchoscopy is a useful diagnostic technique that can be performed safely by trained specialists when the bronchoscopes in both inpatient and ambulatory-care settings are reprocessed properly to prevent transmission of infection. The New York State Department of Health received reports of three clusters of culture-positive bronchoscopy specimens obtained in 1996 and 1998 from patients at local health-care facilities. This report summarizes the results of investigations of these clusters, which indicated involvement of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. intracellulare, or imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Between patient uses, bronchoscopes had been cleaned, visually inspected, leak tested, and processed by STERIS System 1 processors (STERIS, Mentor, Ohio). (+info)

Evaluation of disinfection and sterilization of reusable angioscopes with the duck hepatitis B model. (8/846)

PURPOSE: Nosocomial transmission of viral hepatitis and retrovirus infection has been reported. The expected risk is greatest for the hepatitis B virus (HBV). The duck HBV (DHBV) has similar biologic and structural characteristics to HBV and has been adopted as a suitable model for disinfectant testing. METHODS: Angioscopic examination of the external jugular vein was performed on DHBV-infected ducks. After use, the instrument was air dried for 3 minutes. Samples were obtained by flushing the channel with 5 mL of phosphate buffered saline solution. The samples were collected immediately after drying (control), after flushing with 5 mL of water, after glutaraldehyde disinfection for 5, 10, and 20 minutes, and after ethylene oxide gas sterilization. Angioscopes were either precleaned or uncleaned before disinfection/sterilization. Residual infectivity was assessed with inoculation of samples into the peritoneal cavity of day-old ducks (n = 231). RESULTS: DNA analysis results of liver samples showed that all 38 control ducks became infected. The frequency of DHBV infection was reduced to 93% (14 of 15) by flushing the angioscope with 5 mL of sterile water. No transmission occurred after the use of any of the properly precleaned and disinfected/sterilized angioscopes. However, after the use of the uncleaned angioscopes, the transmission rate was 90% (9 of 10) and 70% (7 of 10) after 5 and 10 minutes of contact time, respectively, in 2% glutaraldehyde. Even after the recommended 20 minutes of contact time, there was still 6% (2 of 35) transmission. After ethylene oxide sterilization, two of the recipient ducklings (2 of 35) were infected with DHBV. CONCLUSION: There was no disease transmission after reuse of disposable angioscopes adequately cleaned before disinfection or sterilization. However, if the angioscopes are inadequately cleaned, DHBV can survive despite glutaraldehyde disinfection or ethylene oxide sterilization. This contrasts with previous in vitro and in vivo data with solid surgical instruments. It is postulated that the presence of a narrow lumen or residual protein shielding within the lumen may compromise effective inactivation of hepadnaviruses on angioscopes, with the potential risk for patient-to-patient transmission. (+info)

In medicine, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure. This type of transmission can occur in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities, where patients with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to infection.

Cross-infection can occur through a variety of means, including:

1. Person-to-person contact: Direct contact with an infected individual, such as touching, hugging, or shaking hands.
2. Contaminated surfaces and objects: Touching contaminated surfaces or objects that have been touched by an infected individual, such as doorknobs, furniture, or medical equipment.
3. Airborne transmission: Inhaling droplets or aerosolized particles that contain the infectious agent, such as during coughing or sneezing.
4. Contaminated food and water: Consuming food or drinks that have been handled by an infected individual or contaminated with the infectious agent.
5. Insect vectors: Mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects can transmit infections through their bites.

Cross-infection is a significant concern in healthcare settings, as it can lead to outbreaks of nosocomial infections (infections acquired in hospitals) and can spread rapidly among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. To prevent cross-infection, healthcare providers use strict infection control measures, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, and implementing isolation precautions for infected individuals.

In summary, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure in healthcare settings. Preventing cross-infection is essential to maintaining a safe and healthy environment for patients, healthcare workers, and visitors.

Treatment typically involves antiprotozoal medication, topical corticosteroids, and PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) membrane stripping. In severe cases, corneal transplantation may be necessary. Prophylactic antibiotics are not effective against Acanthamoeba infections, but contact precautions can help prevent transmission.

Prevention is key, and this includes proper hand washing and hygiene, avoiding exposure to water while wearing contact lenses, and using only sterile lens solutions. It is important for individuals who wear contact lenses to follow the recommended guidelines for their care and maintenance to reduce the risk of developing Acanthamoeba keratitis.

Overall, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to prevent long-term visual impairment and potential loss of vision in cases of Acanthamoeba keratitis.

... is a process that involves the application of a disinfectant to reduce levels of microorganisms on the skin. ... Skin disinfection may be accomplished with a number of solutions including providone-iodine, chlorhexidine, alcohol based ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skin_disinfection

... (SEPHODIS) is an ultrashort pulse laser technology invented by Tsen and colleagues to combat ... Selective Disinfection Tsen Technologies (Experimental medical treatments). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selective_photonic_disinfection

Other developments include the development of a continuous flow disinfection unit and solar disinfection with titanium dioxide ... Solar thermal water disinfection uses heat from the sun to heat water to 70-100 °C for a short period of time. A number of ... Solar water disinfection, in short SODIS, is a type of portable water purification that uses solar energy to make biologically- ... Solar water disinfection is usually accomplished using some mix of electricity generated by photovoltaics panels (solar PV), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_disinfection

... s (DBPs) result from chemical reactions between organic and inorganic matter in water with chemical ... Chlorinated disinfection agents such as chlorine and monochloramine are strong oxidizing agents introduced into water in order ... "Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products Session Objectives" [Water Sanitation Health (WSH)] (PDF). World Health Organization ... Richardson, Susan D. (2011). "Disinfection By-Products: Formation and Occurrence of Drinking Water". In Nriagu, J.O. (ed.). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfection_by-product

... typically refers to an intense course of treatment for periodontitis typically involving scaling and ... which found modest benefit for full mouth disinfection, but the superiority (or otherwise) of the intervention had not at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_mouth_disinfection

The Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility is a 160,000-square-foot (15,000 m2) ultraviolet (UV) water ... "Municipal Drinking Water - Multi-barrier Disinfection Strategy, New York City (Case Study)". Trojan Technologies. Archived from ... "Catskill-Delaware Water Ultraviolet Disinfection Facility". New York City Department of Environmental Protection (NYCDEP). ... New York City Readies World's Largest UV Drinking-Water Disinfection Plant". Scientific American. "NYC Catskill-Delaware UV ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catskill-Delaware_Water_Ultraviolet_Disinfection_Facility

Disinfection of equipment before use, or between users, is intended to remove biological contamination that would affect the ... "Disinfection Of Scuba Equipment And COVID-19". Divers Alert Network South Africa. 30 March 2020. Retrieved 16 May 2020. "List N ... It may be combined with disinfection suitable to prepare the equipment for use by another person, but the two aspects are not ... Personal diving equipment shared by more than one user requires disinfection before use. Shared use is common for expensive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleaning_and_disinfection_of_personal_diving_equipment

This is a list of instruments used in microbiological sterilization and disinfection. Ananthanarayan, R.; Paniker, C.K. Jayaram ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_instruments_used_in_microbiological_sterilization_and_disinfection

"Disinfection". The Center for Food Security and Public Health. Retrieved 21 July 2019. Fenner, F; Woodroofe, GM (1953). "The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myxomatosis

V. Namboodiri and A. Garg (2017): "Evaluation of Combined Peracetic acid and UV treatment for Disinfection of Secondary ... Dvorak, Glenda (February 2005). "Disinfection" (PDF). Center for Food Security and Public Health. Ames, IA: Center for Food ... Even "scientific-grade", commercially produced disinfection solutions such as Virocidin-X usually have sodium hypochlorite as ... and also marketed for use as industrial and agricultural disinfection and water treatment. Benzoyl peroxide ((C 6H 5COO) 2). It ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bleach

Primary disinfection may also be required. Where groundwater recharge is practiced (a process in which river water is injected ... The most common disinfection method involves some form of chlorine or its compounds such as chloramine or chlorine dioxide. ... Ozone disinfection, or ozonation, is an effective method to inactivate harmful protozoa that form cysts. It also works well ... Ozone disinfection is also energy intensive. Ultraviolet light (UV) is very effective at inactivating cysts, in low turbidity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification

... including hand hygiene and cleaning and disinfection of high-touch surfaces." CDC provides a Guideline for Disinfection and ... Disinfection is only recommended in indoor settings - schools and homes - where there has been a suspected or confirmed case of ... "Biological Safety: Disinfection , Office of Environmental Health and Safety". ehs.princeton.edu. Retrieved 2021-04-17. "List of ... CDC's Disinfection and Sterilization list of Chemical Disinfectants mentions and discusses substances such as: Alcohol, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virucide

Kuo J (October 2017). "Disinfection Processes". Water Environment Research. 89 (10): 1206-44. doi:10.2175/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteria

Water disinfection can greatly reduce the risks of waterborne diseases such as typhoid and cholera. There is a great need ... Water disinfection. Kelly M. Buchanan. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science Publishers. 2010. ISBN 978-1-61122-401-6. OCLC 730450380 ... Chlorination is currently the most widely used water disinfection method, although chlorine compounds can react with substances ... in water and produce disinfection by-products (DBP) that pose problems to human health. Local geological conditions affecting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tap_water

"Mustafa Centre to close for at least two weeks; will undergo disinfection". CNA. Retrieved 2021-03-07. "Mustafa Centre Has ... It closed and underwent a disinfection thereafter, and was reopened partially on 6 May 2020, after Singapore authorities eased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mustafa_Centre

In disinfection, it has been used in the form of liquid spray, wet wipes and aerosolised application. Recent studies have shown ... For disinfection, despite being discovered a long time ago, the stability of hypochlorous acid water is difficult to maintain. ... "Disinfection of Facility H2O" Archived 2019-01-22 at the Wayback Machine. "Water Works: Hyatt's New Disinfectant/Cleaner Comes ... Migliarina, Franco; Ferro, Sergio (December 2014). "A Modern Approach to Disinfection, as Old as the Evolution of Vertebrates ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypochlorous_acid

"Disinfection with Chloramine; Public Water Systems; Drinking Water; Healthy Water". www.cdc.gov. February 15, 2019. Retrieved ... However, chloramine is now often used in water disinfection and simple dechlorinators only deal with the chlorine portion, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_conditioner

"Chemical Disinfectants , Disinfection & Sterilization Guidelines , Guidelines Library , Infection Control , CDC". www.cdc.gov. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethanol

Disinfection 771-771.7......................................Rural health and hygiene. Rural health services 773-788 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Classification:Class_R_--_Medicine

... disinfection; demonstrators and prototypes. Together with Torstein Dale Sjøtveit, he was member of the foundation group for the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Georges_Pollet

The ultrashort pulse laser treatment may have potential applications in the disinfection of medicines, in the production of ... "Tsen Technologies". Tsen Technologies (Company). Tsen, Shaw-Wei (2016). Selective photonic disinfection: A ray of hope in the ... Won, Rachel (2010). "Biophotonics: Selective disinfection". Nature Photonics. 4 (3): 136. Bibcode:2010NaPho...4..136W. doi: ... selective photonic disinfection) technology using an ultrashort pulse laser to kill viruses including HIV, influenza virus, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultrashort_pulse_laser

ISBN 978-0-8247-9524-5. Rutala WA, Weber DJ (September 2004). "Disinfection and sterilization in health care facilities: what ... 2000). "Chapter 9: Peroxygen compounds". Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation (5th ed.). Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger. ... 2000). "Chapter 27: Chemical Sporicidal and Sporostatic Agents". Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation (5th ed.). ... ISBN 978-0-683-30740-5. "Chemical Disinfectants , Disinfection & Sterilization Guidelines , Guidelines Library , Infection ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrogen_peroxide

"Disinfection with chloramine". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Atlanta, Georgia. Archived from the original ... Other materials present in the water may generate disinfection by-products that are associated with negative effects on human ... The same chemicals were found to be useful in the routine disinfection and deodorization of latrines, sewers, markets, ... Increasingly, monochloramine itself is being directly added to drinking water for purposes of disinfection, a process known as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorine

Disinfection" (Web). In W.J Mahy, B; O Krango, H (eds.). Virology Methods Manual. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 353-356. ISBN ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation_of_radioactive_waste

Moorer, WR (August 2003). "Antiviral activity of alcohol for surface disinfection: Alcohol for surface disinfection". ... intermediate or low levels of disinfection. "High-level disinfection kills all organisms, except high levels of bacterial ... Low-level disinfection kills some viruses and bacteria with a chemical germicide registered as a hospital disinfectant by the ... Electrostatic disinfection is a process achieved by use of electrostatic sprayers notable examples of which include the Vycel - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disinfectant

By 1941, disinfection of U.S. drinking water by chlorine gas had largely replaced the use of chloride of lime. As a halogen, ... Disinfection by chlorination can be problematic in some circumstances. Chlorine can react with naturally occurring organic ... The first continuous use of chlorine in the United States for disinfection took place in 1908 at Boonton Reservoir (on the ... Emergency Disinfection of Drinking Water (US EPA) National Pollutant Inventory - Chlorine American Chemistry Council's Chlorine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_chlorination

In contrast, "high level disinfection" does not kill endospores but is used for instruments such as a colonoscope that do not ... "Ethylene Oxide Sterilization , Disinfection & Sterilization Guidelines , Guidelines Library , Infection Control ,CDC". www.cdc. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endospore

Solar Disinfection Studies G. Annalakshmi (19 April 2005). "Solar Disinfection Studies". Deccan Herald. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strychnos

Many bottlers of spring water use UV disinfection equipment to sterilize their water. Solar water disinfection has been ... Disinfection robots use pulsed UV. Some animals, including birds, reptiles, and insects such as bees, can see near-ultraviolet ... Disinfection using UV radiation is commonly used in wastewater treatment applications and is finding an increased usage in ... "Solar Water Disinfection". Sodis.ch. 2 April 2011. Archived from the original on 31 August 2012. Retrieved 8 November 2011. " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet

Hygiene and Disinfection. Elsevier. 51 (4): 271-276. doi:10.1016/s0964-8305(03)00044-1. ISSN 0964-8305. Mata, M.T.; Baquero, F ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-resistance

Clean and disinfect surfaces to prevent the spread of MRSA to others.

https://www.cdc.gov/mrsa/community/environment/index.html

Choosing a Disinfection Technique. Table 2-12 summarizes advantages and disadvantages of field water disinfection techniques ... Water disinfection methods that can be applied in the field include use of heat, clarification, filtration, chemical ... Table 2-12 Field water disinfection techniques: effectiveness against waterborne pathogens. TECHNIQUE. BACTERIA. VIRUSES. ... In addition, the time required to heat the water from 140°F (60°C) to boiling works toward heat disinfection. Any water brought ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/preparing/water-disinfection

... performance and risk mitigation requirements specifically made for UVC disinfection robots. ... What UVC disinfection robots can do. The interest in technologies, like robotic devices performing surface and air sanitation ... UVC Disinfection Robots. The first set of robotic germicidal equipment requirements for safety, performance and risk mitigation ... Companies specializing in UVC disinfection products.. *Businesses that wish to include UL certification to UL 60335-2-2019 in ...

https://www.ul.com/services/uvc-disinfection-robots

ATSDR guides safe sanitation and disinfection practices in homes, schools, and daycares during the COVID-19 pandemic. ... NCHH developed a Safe Sanitation and Disinfection Guideexternal icon in English and Spanish for healthy housing officials and ... Safer Disinfection in Child Care Facilities: COVID-19 (Part 2)external icon ... ATSDR guides safe sanitation and disinfection practices in homes, schools, and daycares during the COVID-19 pandemic. ...

https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/2020atsdrannualreport/covid-19-collaboration/supporting-safe-practices.html

Results for water disinfection from leading brands. Compare and contact a supplier in Australasia ... Solutions for water treatment and water disinfection industry. Modern disinfection solutions for any kind of water. We produce ... The set of compounds that are formed in a water disinfection process, are collectively referred to as disinfection by-products ... It eliminates the potential of corrosion and disinfection byproducts formation associated with chemical disinfection while also ...

https://www.environmental-expert.com/applications/keyword-water-disinfection-6135/location-australasia

Cleaning and disinfection - often called C&D - is a process that removes and kills germs on equipment and surfaces. C&D, when ... Disinfection. May 31, 2023. Cleaning and disinfection - often called C&D - is a process that removes and kills germs on ... Key resources from the USDA and EPA on cleaning and disinfection.. *. USDA FADPReP NAHEMS Guidelines: Cleaning and Disinfection ... Disinfection 101. An overview of C&D basics, including disinfection methods, factors affecting the process, and safety ...

https://www.cfsph.iastate.edu/infection-control/disinfection/

We explain three important concepts underlying antivirus action: signatures, the nature of viruses, and how antivirus solutions remove malware.. ...

https://usa.kaspersky.com/blog/signature-virus-disinfection/7790/embed/

AEC conducts disinfection amid suspected coronavirus-positive employee ... THE Angeles Electric Corporation (AEC) has closed its offices from September 1 to 2 to conduct disinfection.. In a statement, ... The Angeles Electric Corporation is closed until today, September 2, 2020, for disinfection. (AEC website photo) ... the company said the disinfection is a precautionary measure to protect customers, employees and suppliers given the ...

https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1868921/Pampanga/Local-News/AEC-conducts-disinfection-amid-suspected-coronavirus-positive-employee

Ehrlich Pest Controls commercial Disinfection Service promotes hygiene at your business to protect against viruses, bacteria, ... Every Disinfection Service is customized because no two operations have the same needs. Ehrlichs experts will work with you to ... Ehrlichs disinfection service. Ideal for businesses that have had COVID-19 exposure, are implementing precautionary cleaning, ... A professionally conducted disinfection service is the best tool to reach all surfaces and areas. ...

https://www.jcehrlich.com/pest-control-services/additional-services/disinfection-service

Demotix.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com ...

https://demotix.com/tag/disinfection/

Practical guide on rationale and testing procedures for disinfection of hands / by M. L. Rotter, G. A. J. Ayliffe ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?locale-attribute=es&authority=Hand+Disinfection&type=mesh

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is placing stricter limits on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water ... Developing Virtual Sensors to Monitor Disinfection Byproducts. ...

https://eponline.com/whitepapers/2010/02/developing-virtual-sensors-to-monitor-disinfection-byproducts/pdf.aspx?admgarea=ht.waste.wastewater

The United Arab Emirates announced the completion of the National Disinfection Programme, effective Wednesday.This came at the ... The National Disinfection Programe has completed the sterilization of all utilities nationwide, including means of public ... He announced the completion of the National Disinfection Programme nationwide. Children below 12 in age are now allowed to ... The United Arab Emirates announced the completion of the National Disinfection Programme, effective Wednesday. ...

https://www.emirates247.com/news/emirates/uae-announces-completion-of-national-disinfection-programme-2020-06-25-1.695127

Home\Educate\Water Reuse 101\Research Projects\Year\2014\Enhanced Disinfection of Adenoviruses with UV Irradiation. Enhanced ... Evaluate UV disinfection of each type using both monochromatic UV 254 LP lamps and polychromatic MP lamps ... Nevada DEP notes that reclaimed water can be treated to meet disinfection and water quality standards for a range of ... Domestic Wastewater Facilities, Chapter 62-600, F.A.C.: Treatment and disinfection requirements for reuse of reclaimed water ...

https://watereuse.org/watereuse-research/06-11-enhanced-disinfection-of-adenoviruses-with-uv-irradiation/

Disinfection Services in Northfield. Commercial Facility Cleaning & Disinfecting Services. At ServiceMaster by Ayotte ... It is important that you utilize disinfection services to prevent the spread of bacteria and germs in your facility. Our ... LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR COMMERCIAL DISINFECTION SERVICES IN NORTHFIELD. CALL (507) 264-4756 OR CONTACT US ONLINE. ... Ensure that the health and safety of your employees and customers are priority with disinfection services from ServiceMaster ...

https://www.servicemasterclean.com/servicemaster-by-ayotte-northfield/commercial-cleaning/disinfection-services/

How to Clean Using Disinfection Wipes on a Plane and Other Health Tips. If you have questions about getting on a plane again, ...

https://www.clorox.com/learn/how-to-clean-with-disinfection-wipes-on-planes/

Specialty Cleaning and Disinfection. @media (min-width: 1024px){.css-1x89cvs{display:none;}}. Specialty Cleaning and ...

https://www.servpro.com/locations/nc/servpro-of-wilson-nashville/services/cleaning/specialty

Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Food And Beverages Disinfection Market29. Food And Beverages Disinfection Market Future ... 1. Executive Summary2. Food And Beverages Disinfection Market Characteristics3. Food And Beverages Disinfection Market Trends ... Food And Beverages Disinfection Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles. 27.1. Food And Beverages Disinfection Market ... 7. Food And Beverages Disinfection Market Regional And Country Analysis. 7.1. Global Food And Beverages Disinfection Market, ...

https://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/5606683/food-and-beverages-disinfection-global-market

Spray from the NovaRover covers a 12-foot radius, eliminating potential human error in disinfection. The Zoono Microbe Shield ... United Introduces New High-tech Cleaner for Cabin Disinfection - See It in Action. Introducing the NovaRover. ...

https://www.travelandleisure.com/airlines-airports/united-airlines/united-airlines-covid-electrostatic-sprayer?utm_source=emailshare&utm_medium=social&utm_campaign=shareurlbuttons

Discover Disinfection products on Sadoun.com... Quality and Fast Shipping. Learn More... ... UV Water Sterilizer Ultraviolet Tube Lamp Direct Drink Water Disinfection Treatment Filter Aquarium Fish Tank Purifier 12W ... Hanging Household Ultraviolet Germicidal Lamp 10W 20W 30W UV Disinfection Light Sterilizer Remove Acarid Mold Formaldehyde ... Ultraviolet Germicidal Light T5 Tube With Fixture UVC Disinfection Sterilizer Kill Dust Mite UV quartz lamp ...

https://www.sadoun.com/product-tag/disinfection/

Get a deep clean of your workplace with commercial cleaning and disinfection services tailored to meet the needs of your ... High-touch point and electrostatic disinfection services. Preventive disinfection services are a vital part of any facilitys ... The COVID-19 pandemic affirmed that quality cleaning and disinfection services are more important than ever. Vanguard Cleaning ... Talk to a representative from Vanguard Cleaning Systems of Northeast Florida - Jacksonville about a disinfection plan for your ...

https://www.vanguardcleaning.com/cleaning/florida-jacksonville/

... Disinfection, biosecurity (including wild birds) and ... Disinfection of domestic hen houses should be part of a hen owners routine and should follow thorough cleaning. ... Home / Healthcare & Medicine / Agriculture / Poultry Health / Disinfection, biosecurity (including wild birds) and disease ...

https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/poultry-health/0/steps/286686

... ... A year-long study at Methodist University Hospital (MUH) shows how hospital staff integrated mobile Tru-D SmartUVC disinfection ... Bryan Simmons, MD, Methodists infectious disease specialist, researched several emerging disinfection technologies: We looked ... independent peer-reviewed studies that gave us the confidence to invest in an advanced level of environmental disinfection.Â ...

https://www.infectioncontroltoday.com/view/tru-d-smartuvc-disinfection-system-helps-university-hospital-reduce-c-diff

Buy Smart Disinfection Toothbrush,Electric Sterilization Toothbrush,Hanging Toilet Brushing Cup Storage Box Product on Alibaba. ... Smart Disinfection Toothbrush Rack Free Punch Electric Sterilization Wall Hanging Toilet Brushing Cup Storage Box - ... Smart Disinfection Toothbrush Rack Free Punch Electric Sterilization Wall Hanging Toilet Brushing Cup Storage Box. ...

https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Smart-Disinfection-Toothbrush-Rack-Free-Punch_11000007573273.html

Milligrams Per Hour (mg/h): This output is a low concentration for residential disinfection, small vehicles, and other small ... Milligrams Per Hour (mg/h): This output is a low concentration for residential disinfection, small vehicles, and other small ... Milligrams Per Hour (mg/h): This output is a low concentration for residential disinfection, small vehicles, and other small ... Disinfection must only occur during the absence of human, pet, and plant presence. ...

https://crystalquest.com/products/transportation-and-ride-sharing-quest-micro-blaster-ozone-generator-grams-per-hour

... disinfection and disinfestation of bedding and materials There is a newer version of the Arizona Revised Statutes 2022. 2021. ... 2005 Arizona Revised Statutes - Revised Statutes §36-796.04 Sterilization, disinfection and disinfestation of bedding and ...

https://law.justia.com/codes/arizona/2005/title36/00796-04.html

schülke helps you to meet demanding legal requirements and to optimize your processes according to the latest legal standards.

https://www.schuelke.com/gb-en/solutions/for-life-sciences/cleanroom-disinfection.php

What are disinfection byproducts and how are they formed? Water systems add chlorine to drinking water to kill or inactivate ... What are disinfection byproducts and how are they formed?. Water systems add chlorine to drinking water to kill or inactivate ... Chlorine disinfection byproducts (DBPs) can form during this chemical reaction.. What are the regulations on DBPs?. The Stage 1 ... Regulating Disinfectants and Disinfection Byproducts (331-254). More Resources. *EPA Link: Stage 1 and Stage 2 Compliance Help ...

https://doh.wa.gov/th/node/5524

Mr Ng said that he has not been able to hire more people to take on disinfection work, even though he has tried to offer a more ... Covid-19 outbreak: Cleaners work more hours on disinfection as firms struggle to meet soaring demand SINGAPORE - Each time she ... Working hours for Mr Ng and his special task force, which does disinfection control, have doubled from the usual eight to 16 ... Their workload has increased to meet the demand for disinfection services that has doubled since two weeks ago due to the ...

https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/covid-19-outbreak-cleaners-work-more-hours-disinfection-tasks-firms-face-labour-crunch

The Collaborative has developed resources to mitigate COVID-19 in ECE facilities and to guide professionals on safe cleaning and disinfection practices. (cdc.gov)
CEHN supported 16 APPLETREE recipients through 3 series of peer-to-peer networking and sharing best practices for COVID-19 safe cleaning and disinfection resources. (cdc.gov)
Cleaning and disinfection - often called C&D - is a process that removes and kills germs on equipment and surfaces. (iastate.edu)
Our commercial cleaning professionals are experts in disinfection services. (servicemasterclean.com)
quality cleaning and disinfection services are more important than ever. (vanguardcleaning.com)
Vanguard Cleaning Systems of Northeast Florida - Jacksonville supports a network of locally owned and operated janitorial franchise businesses that provide cleaning and disinfection services to help preserve the health and wellness of your facility's staff and guests. (vanguardcleaning.com)
In addition to standard cleaning, independent janitorial franchise businesses can also provide disinfection services, including high-touch point and electrostatic disinfection , which may help mitigate the spread of bacteria, pathogens, and disease. (vanguardcleaning.com)
Talk to a representative from Vanguard Cleaning Systems of Northeast Florida - Jacksonville about a disinfection plan for your facility. (vanguardcleaning.com)
Disinfection of domestic hen houses should be part of a hen owner's routine and should follow thorough cleaning. (futurelearn.com)
A year-long study at Methodist University Hospital (MUH) shows how hospital staff integrated mobile Tru-D SmartUVC disinfection technology into hospital cleaning protocols to reduce C. difficile infections by over 45 percent. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Review cleaning and disinfection practices to ensure they are being completed effectively. (cdc.gov)
Extended use: use PPE for longer periods of time than normal y are suitable for re-use following careful decontamination (soap and recommended and/or while caring for several different patients water cleaning, followed by disinfection with 70% alcohol). (who.int)

The National Disinfection Programe has completed the sterilization of all utilities nationwide, including means of public transport,' he said, adding that sterilisation of public and private establishments will continue to ensure public safety. (emirates247.com)
This technology has been shown to deliver 100% duct surface sterilization as well as an average of 95%+ food surface disinfection against microorganisms. (researchandmarkets.com)
Disinfection and sterilization. (medlineplus.gov)
Disinfection and Sterilization in health care facilities: an overview and current Issues. (medlineplus.gov)

Important insights into the comparison of the use of cell culture infectivity and animal infectivity for assessing the effectiveness of UV for disinfection of viruses were uncovered in this research. (watereuse.org)

Water disinfection methods that can be applied in the field include use of heat, clarification, filtration, chemical disinfection, and ultraviolet radiation (UVR). (cdc.gov)
Disinfection of food and beverages is done by using chemical disinfectants, ultraviolet light (UV light), radiation, and ultrasonic waves. (researchandmarkets.com)
The main types of products in food and beverages disinfection are the ozone oxidation system, ultraviolet systems, carboxylic acid, hydrogen peroxide and peroxy acid (PAA), and chlorine compounds. (researchandmarkets.com)

Trihalomethanes (THM) are byproducts of disinfection that are formed when chlorine (or a chlorine based product) is used as a disinfectant . (environmental-expert.com)
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is placing stricter limits on the formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) in water treatment facilities. (eponline.com)

The food and beverages disinfection market consists of sales of food and beverages disinfection products by entities (organizations, sole traders, and partnerships) that are used for the sanitization or disinfection of food materials in order to ensure food safety and quality while also reducing the risk of foodborne illness. (researchandmarkets.com)

In a statement, the company said the disinfection is a precautionary measure to protect customers, employees and suppliers given the possibility of an employee contracting the novel coronavirus. (sunstar.com.ph)

It is important that you utilize disinfection services to prevent the spread of bacteria and germs in your facility. (servicemasterclean.com)

Can be combined with chemical disinfection to increase microbe removal. (cdc.gov)
Safety of water disinfection : balancing chemical and microbial risks / edited by Gunther F. Craun. (who.int)

Preventive disinfection services are a vital part of any facility's disease prevention strategy. (vanguardcleaning.com)

ATSDR guides safe sanitation and disinfection practices in homes, schools, and daycares during the COVID-19 pandemic. (cdc.gov)
As information and best practices emerged for preventing the spread of COVID-19, ATSDR led the effort to provide guidance on recommended safe sanitation and disinfection practices for homes, schools, and daycare facilities. (cdc.gov)
NCHH developed a Safe Sanitation and Disinfection Guide external icon in English and Spanish for healthy housing officials and homeowners/building owners. (cdc.gov)

Case Report: Single visit photo-activated disinfection in regenerative endodontics. (bvsalud.org)
Photo-activated oral disinfection is a novel disinfection method that can help to achieve the goal of regenerative endodontics . (bvsalud.org)
This article reports the clinical and radiographic results after single visit regenerative endodontics using photo-activated oral disinfection . (bvsalud.org)
Regenerative endodontics using photo-activated oral disinfection achieved successful outcomes in the necrotic immature permanent tooth . (bvsalud.org)

The Crystal Quest Ozone generator is a natural disinfection method that requires zero additives, replacements, and chemicals. (crystalquest.com)

This necessitates comprehensive testing and certification services, and UVC disinfection robot evaluations to published safety requirements. (ul.com)

Additional information on water treatment and disinfection methods can be found at CDC's Water Treatment Options when Hiking, Camping, or Traveling website. (cdc.gov)
An overview of C&D basics, including disinfection methods, factors affecting the process, and safety considerations. (iastate.edu)

UL 60335-2-2019 provides the first set of requirements that specifically addresses UVC disinfection robots. (ul.com)

The growing prevalence of foodborne diseases is expected to propel the growth of the food and beverages disinfection market going forward. (researchandmarkets.com)
Hence, the increasing incidence of foodborne diseases will contribute to the growth of the food and beverages disinfection market. (researchandmarkets.com)

Additionally, it was evaluated if disinfection protocols with antimicribial agent are efficient. (bvsalud.org)
The gutta-percha points were collected from 30 private offices and data about the use or not of disinfection protocols were provided. (bvsalud.org)
The gutta-percha from opening packages were transferred to BHI broth tubes or were first passed for disinfection protocols and then transferred for the tubes. (bvsalud.org)

The set of compounds that are formed in a water disinfection process, are collectively referred to as disinfection by-products (DBP). (environmental-expert.com)

Ensure that the health and safety of your employees and customers are priority with disinfection services from ServiceMaster Clean in Northfield. (servicemasterclean.com)
Food and beverage disinfection is a technique that kills microorganisms that cause early deterioration, such as bacteria and fungi, and reduces their numbers to a level that is neither harmful to health nor destructive to the quality of perishable foods. (researchandmarkets.com)

The authors concluded that although the cones had no contamination, the disinfection protocol, before root canal obturation, should be adopted. (bvsalud.org)
Root canal disinfection is considered critical for achieving successful regenerative endodontic procedures . (bvsalud.org)

Concerns around COVID-19 have led to a rapid increase in disinfection services, leading many businesses to wonder exactly what they need to do. (jcehrlich.com)

Modern disinfection solutions for any kind of water . (environmental-expert.com)
Today there are estimated to be over 900 public water systems using chlorine dioxide for water disinfection world-wide. (environmental-expert.com)
Modern water treatment and disinfection processes enhance swimming enjoyment. (environmental-expert.com)

Food disinfection is critical in preventing biological hazards, which are regarded as the most serious threat to food safety. (researchandmarkets.com)

Companies specializing in UVC disinfection products. (ul.com)

For instance, in December 2021, Godrej Appliances, an India-based manufacturer of home appliances launched advanced Nano Disinfection Technology to its frost-free refrigerator line. (researchandmarkets.com)
In the refrigerator's airflow duct, the nano disinfection technology uses a special anti-germ nano-coating. (researchandmarkets.com)

UVC radiation supplements rather than replaces physical disinfection in the commercial environment. (ul.com)

Every Disinfection Service is customized because no two operations have the same needs. (jcehrlich.com)
A professionally conducted disinfection service is the best tool to reach all surfaces and areas. (jcehrlich.com)

Metering and disinfection in the food industry. (environmental-expert.com)
The different applications include food surface, food packaging, food processing equipment disinfection, and employed in various end-users such as food processing companies, beverage processing companies, catering kitchens, retail distributors, and other end-users. (researchandmarkets.com)
Asia Pacific was the largest region in the food and beverages disinfection market in 2021. (researchandmarkets.com)
New technological advancements are a key trend gaining popularity in the food and beverages disinfection market. (researchandmarkets.com)

Tru-D was supported by multiple, independent peer-reviewed studies that gave us the confidence to invest in an advanced level of environmental disinfection. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

This output is a low concentration for residential disinfection, small vehicles, and other small areas. (crystalquest.com)

Spray from the NovaRover covers a 12-foot radius, eliminating potential human error in disinfection. (travelandleisure.com)
Disinfection must only occur during the absence of human, pet, and plant presence. (crystalquest.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms7

Diseases2

Chemicals and Drugs46

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment25

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations5

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture13

Information Science1

Health Care24

Pulsed-light inactivation of food-related microorganisms. (1/846)

Disinfection of upper gastrointestinal fibreoptic endoscopy equipment: an evaluation of a cetrimide chlorhexidine solution and glutaraldehyde. (2/846)

A test for 'hygienic' hand disinfection. (3/846)

Drinking water disinfection byproducts: review and approach to toxicity evaluation. (4/846)

Chlorine inactivation of Escherichia coli O157:H7. (5/846)

Response of pathogenic Vibrio species to high hydrostatic pressure. (6/846)

Bronchoscopy-related infections and pseudoinfections--New York, 1996 and 1998. (7/846)

Evaluation of disinfection and sterilization of reusable angioscopes with the duck hepatitis B model. (8/846)

Disinfection

Disinfectants

Sterilization

Water Purification

Chlorine

Dental Disinfectants

Trihalomethanes

Chlorine Compounds

Hand Disinfection

Equipment Contamination

Water Supply

Sodium Hypochlorite

Chloramines

2-Propanol

Endoscopes

Soaps

Peracetic Acid

Iodophors

Hexachlorophene

Povidone-Iodine

Water Microbiology

Anti-Infective Agents, Local

Virus Inactivation

Glutaral

Chlorhexidine

Equipment Reuse

Halogenation

Fumigation

Steam

Colony Count, Microbial

Drinking Water

Decontamination

Swimming Pools

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Microbial Viability

Benzalkonium Compounds

Bromates

Microwaves

Endoscopes, Gastrointestinal

Equipment and Supplies, Hospital

Dental Impression Materials

Hygiene

Maxillofacial Prosthesis

Contact Lens Solutions

Levivirus

Denture Rebasing

Denture Bases

Infection Control

Cystoscopes

Nitrosomonas europaea

Dental Equipment

Bacteria

Ozone

Oxides

Biguanides

Prosthesis Coloring

Trichloroacetic Acid

Bromine

Borates

Sunlight

Air Microbiology

Stainless Steel

Gastroscopes

Cross Infection

Bronchoscopes

o-Phthalaldehyde

1-Propanol

Fomites

Steel

Toilet Facilities

Mobile Applications

Denture Cleansers

Filtration

Elastomers

Sanitary Engineering

Oocysts

Contact Lenses, Hydrophilic

Immersion

Sewage

Hardness Tests