Disease reservoirs. Medical search

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

Water containing no significant amounts of salts, such as water from RIVERS and LAKES.

A mammalian order which consists of 29 families and many genera.

Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.

Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.

Free-floating minute organisms that are photosynthetic. The term is non-taxonomic and refers to a lifestyle (energy utilization and motility), rather than a particular type of organism. Most, but not all, are unicellular algae. Important groups include DIATOMS; DINOFLAGELLATES; CYANOBACTERIA; CHLOROPHYTA; HAPTOPHYTA; CRYPTOMONADS; and silicoflagellates.

The enrichment of a terrestrial or aquatic ECOSYSTEM by the addition of nutrients, especially nitrogen and phosphorus, that results in a superabundant growth of plants, ALGAE, or other primary producers. It can be a natural process or result from human activity such as agriculture runoff or sewage pollution. In aquatic ecosystems, an increase in the algae population is termed an algal bloom.

A suborder of CRUSTACEA, order Diplostraca, comprising the water fleas. They are benthic filter feeders that consume PHYTOPLANKTON. The body is laterally compressed and enclosed in a bivalved carapace, from which the head extends.

The ability of a pathogenic virus to lie dormant within a cell (latent infection). In eukaryotes, subsequent activation and viral replication is thought to be caused by extracellular stimulation of cellular transcription factors. Latency in bacteriophage is maintained by the expression of virally encoded repressors.

Large natural streams of FRESH WATER formed by converging tributaries and which empty into a body of water (lake or ocean).

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Diseases of rodents of the order RODENTIA. This term includes diseases of Sciuridae (squirrels), Geomyidae (gophers), Heteromyidae (pouched mice), Castoridae (beavers), Cricetidae (rats and mice), Muridae (Old World rats and mice), Erethizontidae (porcupines), and Caviidae (guinea pigs).

Order of mammals whose members are adapted for flight. It includes bats, flying foxes, and fruit bats.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

Minute free-floating animal organisms which live in practically all natural waters.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A genus of the subfamily SIGMODONTINAE consisting of 49 species. Two of these are widely used in medical research. They are P. leucopus, or the white-footed mouse, and P. maniculatus, or the deer mouse.

The flow of water in enviromental bodies of water such as rivers, oceans, water supplies, aquariums, etc. It includes currents, tides, and waves.

Infections with viruses of the genus HANTAVIRUS. This is associated with at least four clinical syndromes: HEMORRHAGIC FEVER WITH RENAL SYNDROME caused by viruses of the Hantaan group; a milder form of HFRS caused by SEOUL VIRUS; nephropathia epidemica caused by PUUMALA VIRUS; and HANTAVIRUS PULMONARY SYNDROME caused by SIN NOMBRE VIRUS.

Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)

Structures which collect and store urine and are emptied by catheterization of a cutaneous stoma or internal diversion to the urethra. The reservoirs are surgically created during procedures for urinary diversion.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

A genus of the family BUNYAVIRIDAE causing HANTAVIRUS INFECTIONS, first identified during the Korean war. Infection is found primarily in rodents and humans. Transmission does not appear to involve arthropods. HANTAAN VIRUS is the type species.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

The type species of LENTIVIRUS and the etiologic agent of AIDS. It is characterized by its cytopathic effect and affinity for the T4-lymphocyte.

A species of gram-negative bacteria in the genus ANAPLASMA, family ANAPLASMATACEAE, formerly called Ehrlichia phagocytophila or Ehrlichia equi. This organism is tick-borne (IXODES) and causes disease in horses and sheep. In humans, it causes human granulocytic EHRLICHIOSIS.

A disease of cattle caused by parasitization of the red blood cells by bacteria of the genus ANAPLASMA.

A tick-borne disease characterized by FEVER; HEADACHE; myalgias; ANOREXIA; and occasionally RASH. It is caused by several bacterial species and can produce disease in DOGS; CATTLE; SHEEP; GOATS; HORSES; and humans. The primary species causing human disease are EHRLICHIA CHAFFEENSIS; ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM; and Ehrlichia ewingii.

A genus of gram-negative bacteria whose organisms are obligate parasites of vertebrates. Species are transmitted by arthropod vectors with the host range limited to ruminants. Anaplasma marginale is the most pathogenic species and is the causative agent of severe bovine anaplasmosis.

The largest genus of TICKS in the family IXODIDAE, containing over 200 species. Many infest humans and other mammals and several are vectors of diseases such as LYME DISEASE, tick-borne encephalitis (ENCEPHALITIS, TICK-BORNE), and KYASANUR FOREST DISEASE.

Blood-sucking acarid parasites of the order Ixodida comprising two families: the softbacked ticks (ARGASIDAE) and hardbacked ticks (IXODIDAE). Ticks are larger than their relatives, the MITES. They penetrate the skin of their host by means of highly specialized, hooked mouth parts and feed on its blood. Ticks attack all groups of terrestrial vertebrates. In humans they are responsible for many TICK-BORNE DISEASES, including the transmission of ROCKY MOUNTAIN SPOTTED FEVER; TULAREMIA; BABESIOSIS; AFRICAN SWINE FEVER; and RELAPSING FEVER. (From Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, pp543-44)

Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? (1/1741)

Sub-Saharan Africa has the highest reported cholera incidence and mortality rates in the world. In 1997, a cholera epidemic occurred in western Kenya. Between June 1997 and March 1998, 14,275 cholera admissions to hospitals in Nyanza Province in western Kenya were reported. There were 547 deaths (case fatality rate = 4%). Of 31 Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates tested, all but one were sensitive to tetracycline. We performed a case-control study among 61 cholera patients and age-, sex-, and clinic-matched controls. Multivariate analysis showed that risk factors for cholera were drinking water from Lake Victoria or from a stream, sharing food with a person with watery diarrhea, and attending funeral feasts. Compared with other diarrheal pathogens, cholera was more common among persons living in a village bordering Lake Victoria. Cholera has become an important public health concern in western Kenya, and may become an endemic pathogen in the region. (+info)

Prevalence of enteric hepatitis A and E viruses in the Mekong River delta region of Vietnam. (2/1741)

A study of antibody prevalence for hepatitis A virus (HAV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) was carried out in southwestern Vietnam in an area adjacent to a known focus of epidemic HEV transmission. The purpose of this investigation was first to provide a prevalence measure of hepatitis infections, and second to determine the outbreak potential of HEV as a function of the susceptible population. Blood specimens collected from 646 persons in randomly selected village hamlets were examined by an ELISA for anti-HEV IgG and anti-HAV IgG. The prevalences of anti-HEV IgG and anti-HAV IgG were 9% and 97%, respectively. There was a significant increase (P < 0.01) in age-specific anti-HEV IgG. A notable increase in anti-HAV IgG prevalence (P < 0.0001) occurred between child populations 0-4 (64%) and 5-9 (95%) years of age. No evidence of familial clustering of anti-HEV IgG-positive individuals was detected, and household crowding was not associated with the spread of HEV. Boiling of water was found to be of protective value against HEV transmission. A relatively low prevalence of anti-HEV indicates considerable HEV outbreak potential, against a background of 1) poor, water-related hygiene/sanitation, 2) dependence on a (likely human/animal waste)-contaminated Mekong riverine system, and 3) periodic river flooding. (+info)

Serologic evidence for an epizootic dengue virus infecting toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. (3/1741)

Dengue is one of the most rapidly emerging diseases in the tropics. Humans are the principal reservoir of dengue viruses. It is unclear if nonhuman primates also serve as a reservoir of human dengue viruses under certain conditions. In this study, a cross-sectional serologic survey was carried out to characterize the pattern of transmission of a recently identified dengue virus among toque macaques in Sri Lanka. The results indicated that an epizootic dengue virus was active among the macaques. A single epizootic had taken place between October 1986 and February 1987 during which 94% of the macaques within the 3 km2 study site were exposed to the virus. The epizootic was highly focal in nature because macaques living 5 km from the study population were not exposed to the virus. The transmission of dengue viruses among macaques in the wild may have important public health implications. (+info)

Comparison of Ehrlichia muris strains isolated from wild mice and ticks and serologic survey of humans and animals with E. muris as antigen. (4/1741)

In metropolitan Tokyo, the Ehrlichia muris seropositivity rate of 24 wild mice was 63% in Hinohara Village, but in the surrounding areas, it was 0 to 5%. This finding suggests that the reservoir of E. muris is focal. Among the 15 seropositive mice, ehrlichiae were isolated from 9 Apodemus speciosus mice and 1 A. argenteus mouse, respectively. Five ehrlichial isolates were obtained from 10 ticks (Haemaphysalis flava) collected in Asuke Town, Aichi Prefecture, where the E. muris type strain had been isolated. These new isolates were compared with the E. muris type strain. The mouse virulence and ultrastructure of the new isolates were similar to those of the type strain, and all of them were cross-reactive with each other, as well as with the type strain, by indirect immunofluorescent-antibody test. The levels of similarity of the base sequences of the 16S rRNA gene of one of the A. speciosus isolates and one of the tick isolates to that of the E. muris type strain were 99.79 and 99.93%, respectively. We suggest that all of these isolates are E. muris; that E. muris is not limited to Eothenomys kageus but infects other species of mice; and that E. muris is present at locations other than Aichi Prefecture. It appears that H. flava is a potential vector of E. muris. Twenty (1%) of 1803 humans from metropolitan Tokyo were found to be seropositive for E. muris antibodies. A serological survey revealed that exposure to E. muris or organisms antigenically cross-reactive to E. muris occurred among dogs, wild mice, monkeys, bears, deer, and wild boars in Gifu Prefecture, nearby prefectures, and Nagoya City, central Japan. However, human beings and Rattus norvegicus rats in this area were seronegative. These results indicate broader geographic distribution of and human and animal species exposure to E. muris or related Ehrlichia spp. in Japan. (+info)

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid contents of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from commercial sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: emergence of high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. (5/1741)

Commercial sex workers (CSWs) serve as the most important reservoir of sexually transmitted diseases (STD), including gonorrhea. Periodic monitoring of the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a high-risk population provides essential clues regarding the rapidly changing pattern of antimicrobial susceptibilities. A study concerning the prevalence of gonococcal infection among CSWs was conducted in Bangladesh. The isolates were examined with regards to their antimicrobial susceptibility to, and the MICs of, penicillin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, and spectinomycin by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. The total plasmid profile of the isolates was also analyzed. Of the 224 CSWs, 94 (42%) were culture positive for N. gonorrhoeae. There was a good correlation between the results of the disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. Some 66% of the isolates were resistant to penicillin, and 34% were moderately susceptible to penicillin. Among the resistant isolates, 23.4% were penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae (PPNG). 60.6% of the isolates were resistant and 38.3% were moderately susceptible to tetracycline, 17.5% were tetracycline-resistant N. gonorrhoeae, 11.7% were resistant and 26.6% had reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, 2.1% were resistant and 11.7% had reduced susceptibility to cefuroxime, and 1% were resistant to ceftriaxone. All PPNG isolates contained a 3.2-MDa African type of plasmid, and a 24.2-MDa conjugative plasmid was present in 34.1% of the isolates. Since quinolones such as ciprofloxacin are recommended as the first line of therapy for gonorrhea, the emergence of significant resistance to ciprofloxacin will limit the usefulness of this drug for treatment of gonorrhea in Bangladesh. (+info)

Serological evidence of infection with Ehrlichia spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland. (6/1741)

Serum samples from 1,550 red foxes in Switzerland were tested for antibodies to the agents of canine granulocytic and monocytic ehrlichiosis by an indirect immunofluorescent technique. Forty-four (2.8%) of the samples were positive for Ehrlichia phagocytophila, which is an antigen marker for granulocytic ehrlichiosis. In contrast, none of the samples had antibodies specific to Ehrlichia canis, the agent of monocytic ehrlichiosis. (+info)

Genetic diversity and distribution of Peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in North America. (7/1741)

The 1993 outbreak of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in the southwestern United States was associated with Sin Nombre virus, a rodent-borne hantavirus; The virus' primary reservoir is the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Hantavirus-infected rodents were identified in various regions of North America. An extensive nucleotide sequence database of an 139 bp fragment amplified from virus M genomic segments was generated. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that SNV-like hantaviruses are widely distributed in Peromyscus species rodents throughout North America. Classic SNV is the major cause of HPS in North America, but other Peromyscine-borne hantaviruses, e.g., New York and Monongahela viruses, are also associated with HPS cases. Although genetically diverse, SNV-like viruses have slowly coevolved with their rodent hosts. We show that the genetic relationships of hantaviruses in the Americas are complex, most likely as a result of the rapid radiation and speciation of New World sigmodontine rodents and occasional virus-host switching events. (+info)

Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: rationale, potential, and methods. (8/1741)

Hantaviruses are rodent-borne zoonotic agents that cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Asia and Europe and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) in North and South America. The epidemiology of human diseases caused by these viruses is tied to the ecology of the rodent hosts, and effective control and prevention relies on a through understanding of host ecology. After the 1993 HPS outbreak in the southwestern United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initiated long-term studies of the temporal dynamics of hantavirus infection in host populations. These studies, which used mark-recapture techniques on 24 trapping webs at nine sites in the southwestern United States, were designed to monitor changes in reservoir population densities and in the prevalence and incidence of infection; quantify environmental factors associated with these changes; and when linked to surveillance databases for HPS, lead to predictive models of human risk to be used in the design and implementation of control and prevention measures for human hantavirus disease. (+info)

... may refer to: Natural reservoir, the long-term host of the pathogen of an infectious disease Fomite, any ... capable of carrying infectious organisms This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Disease reservoir. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease_reservoir

... and some southern states have persistent cycles of disease transmission between insect vectors and animal reservoirs, which ... Chagas disease is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Chagas disease occurs in two stages: an acute stage, which ... Centers for Disease Control Chagas information from the Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative Chagas disease information for ... Chagas disease, Parasitic infestations, stings, and bites of the skin, Insect-borne diseases, Protozoal diseases, Tropical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagas_disease

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 17 May 2019. Retrieved 30 May 2019. "Ebola Reservoir Study". Centers for Disease ... Megabats are the reservoirs of several viruses that can affect humans and cause disease. They can carry filoviruses, including ... Other megabats implicated as disease reservoirs are primarily Pteropus species. Notably, flying foxes can transmit Australian ... The United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lists a total of 601 confirmed cases of Marburg virus disease from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Megabat

In infectious disease ecology and epidemiology, a natural reservoir, also known as a disease reservoir or a reservoir of ... Humans serving as disease reservoirs can be symptomatic (showing illness) or asymptomatic (not showing illness), act as disease ... without causing disease for the reservoir itself. By some definitions a reservoir may also be an environment external to an ... whereas non-reservoirs show symptoms of the disease. The pathogen still feeds, grows, and reproduces inside a reservoir host, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_reservoir

"Emerging infectious diseases in cetaceans worldwide and the possible role of environmental stressors". Diseases of Aquatic ... Transmission could also occur from feeding on fish infected with brucellosis through reservoirs that have the ability to ... Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease: marine mammal brucellosis can infect other species, including human beings. B. ceti is a ... Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that has many different strains pertaining to different host species. There have been four ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_ceti

"Chimpanzee Reservoirs of Pandemic and Nonpandemic HIV-1". Science. 313 (5786): 523-6. Bibcode:2006Sci...313..523K. doi:10.1126/ ... "Nationally Notifiable Infectious Diseases - 2007". Center for Disease Control. 2007. Archived from the original on 2007-06-24. ... Since 2002, Giardia cases must be reported to the Center for Disease Control, according to the CDC's Reportable Disease ... Cyclospora infection must be reported to the Center for Disease Control according to the CDC's Reportable Disease Chart The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_of_disease-causing_pathogens

Gene Likens William H. Schlesinger "Deconstructing Lyme disease". The New York Times. "Reservoir rats". The Economist. "Can ... "Why diseases like Zika could unfairly target America's poor". Washington Post. Lewis, Danny. "Streams around Baltimore are ... Cary Institute's grounds have been home to long-term studies on the ecology of tick-borne disease for more than 20 years. ... Findings underpin The Tick Project, a 5-year study testing interventions with the potential to reduce Lyme disease and protect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary_Institute_of_Ecosystem_Studies

"Thousands of Neilston Pad trees axed after disease spreads". Barrhead News. Retrieved 15 March 2021. (Use dmy dates from April ... Craighall Reservoir, known locally as Craighall Dam, is one of a number of small reservoirs, situated around Neilston in East ... The reservoir is located on the western slopes of Neilston Pad and has a number of well maintained public access paths. As of ... The reservoir flows into Craig Burn, a small stream which runs along the western side of Neilston Pad, past Craig o' Neilston ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craighall_Reservoir

Asymptomatic humans serve as a significant reservoir for the disease. Little is known about other reservoirs of the disease.[ ... The disease exists in Africa and tropical Americas, spread by biting midges or blackflies. It is usually asymptomatic. ... Since most Mansonelliasis is asymptomatic, it has been considered a relatively minor filarial disease, and has a very low, if ... little has formally been done to control the disease.[citation needed] There is no consensus on optimal therapeutic approach. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mansonelliasis

Ticks are vectors, reservoirs and amplifiers of this disease. There are currently three known tick specifics that commonly ... The disease was first discovered in North America and since then has been identified in almost every corner of the earth. The ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention states that the diagnosis of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever must be made based on ... Since R. rickettsii needs a moving vector to contract the disease to a viable host it is more likely that this pathogen has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickettsia_rickettsii

Diseases were caused by polluted water. The Hong Kong Government needed an urgent solution to the problem. Thus, it prepared a ... Pok Fu Lam Reservoir, formerly known as the Pokefulum Reservoir, is the first reservoir in Hong Kong. It is located in a valley ... It is actually two reservoirs with capacity of 260,000 m3.[clarification needed] Before the completion of the reservoir in 1863 ... Another reservoir above the original was built to meet the needs of the growing colony in 1877. 6 Historic Structures of Pok Fu ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pok_Fu_Lam_Reservoir

This disease is not zoonotic. Asymptomatic carrier fish and contaminated water provide reservoirs for disease. Transmission is ... Bacterial cold water disease (BCWD) is a bacterial disease of freshwater fish, specifically salmonid fish. It is caused by the ... BCWD may be referred to by a number of other names including cold water disease, peduncle disease, fit rot, tail rot and ... If the disease is caught at an early stage, diagnosing BCWD accurately by a veterinarian is important for not only the fish's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cold_water_disease

Margaletic, J (2003). "Small rodents in the forest ecosystem as infectious disease reservoirs". Acta Med Croatica (in Croatian ... and act as reservoirs of human and livestock disease. The management of forests is often referred to as forestry. Forest ... There are also many natural factors that can cause changes in forests over time, including forest fires, insects, diseases, ... Wilcox, B.A.; Ellis, B. "Forests and emerging infectious diseases of humans". Food and Agriculture Organization of the United ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forest

For Cherry X disease there are two types of hosts for the phytoplasma, reservoir and non-reservoir hosts. Reservoir hosts can ... Non-reservoir hosts are hosts that once infected do not allow for the disease to be spread. Peach and nectarine trees can be ... Sweet/sour cherries, as well as almonds and Japanese plums are all fruit tree reservoir hosts for the Cherry X disease. All of ... Non-reservoir hosts are infected when cherry leafhoppers that are carrying the phytoplasma feed on non-reservoir hosts that are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_X_Disease

The disease typically lasts 4-6 days. Worldwide, diarrhoeal disease, caused by cholera and many other pathogens, is the second- ... The main reservoirs of V. cholerae are aquatic sources such as rivers, brackish waters, and estuaries, often in association ... A study done by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) in Haiti found that in pregnant women who contracted the disease, 16% of ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, www.cdc.gov/cholera/preventionsteps. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vibrio_cholerae

... factors affecting latent reservoirs of HIV; and host factors that modulate viral infection and/or disease progression. The ... Acute Infection and Early Disease Research Program Adult AIDS Clinical Trials Group AIDS Research and Reference Reagent Program ... and mechanisms of disease progression and transmission. HIV pathogenesis research also supports studies of how the immune ... persistent HIV reservoirs even with the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Despite these advances, questions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Division_of_Acquired_Immunodeficiency_Syndrome

Wetlands, however, are not long term reservoirs. The disease presents in two very different forms: acute and chronic. Birds ... Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 42: 81-91 K.R. Rhoades and R.B. Rimler, Avian pasteurellosis, in "Diseases of poultry", ed. by M. ... Chronic carriers can always lead to re-emerging of the disease in susceptible birds... In wild birds, this disease is most ... and these individuals are believed to be long term migrating reservoirs for the disease. Once the bacteria gets introduced into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fowl_cholera

Some species of Borrelia cause Lyme disease, and ground-feeding birds like the song thrush may act as a reservoir for the ... "Migratory Passerine Birds as Reservoirs of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe" (PDF). Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (7): 1087-1094. ... the Lyme disease spirochaete". International Journal of Medical Microbiology. 296: 125-128. doi:10.1016/j.ijmm.2006.01.001. ... disease. The song thrush is omnivorous, eating a wide range of invertebrates, especially earthworms and snails, as well as soft ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Song_thrush

Reservoirs of disease are clinically affected fish and recovered covert carriers. Disease occurs in fish less than a year old ... It causes disease in channel catfish and blue catfish, and can cause significant economic loss in catfish farms. The disease is ... Appropriate quarantine and hygiene measures should be employed to prevent spread of disease. The virus is sensitive to acidic ... This is a significant source of disease for vulnerable fish. Increased mortality in young catfish during warm weather, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ictalurid_herpesvirus_1

... remain conducive to the spread of infectious diseases; persistent poverty sustains the least developed countries as reservoirs ... in which such noninfectious diseases as heart disease and cancer would replace infectious diseases as the overarching global ... The remaining virulent diseases, led by HIV/AIDS and TB, continue to take a significant toll. The persistent infectious disease ... some diarrheal diseases, and acute respiratory infections. Nonetheless, infectious diseases are still a major cause of illness ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Intelligence_Assessments_on_Infectious_Diseases

Higher temperatures can also increase the pathogen yields in animal reservoirs. During the warmer summer months an increase in ... One of the most commonly transmitted waterborne disease categories are the diarrhea diseases. These diseases are transmitted ... These are diseases caused by a pathogen transmitted through water. The symptoms of waterborne diseases typically include ... Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) is a lung disease that mainly affects people with an underlying lung disease or a weakened ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterborne_disease_and_climate_change

"Shrews as Reservoir Hosts of Borna Disease Virus". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (4): 675-677. doi:10.3201/eid1204.051418. ... The bicolored white-toothed shrew is a natural reservoir species for the Borna disease virus which is the causative agent of ... Kamhieh S, Flower RL (June 2006). "Borna disease virus (BDV) infection in cats. A concise review based on current knowledge". ... Rott, R.; Herzog, S.; Bechter, K.; Frese, K. (1991). "Borna disease, a possible hazard for man?". Archives of Virology. 118 (3- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicolored_shrew

Han HJ, Wen HL, Zhou CM, Chen FF, Luo LM, Liu JW, Yu XJ (2015). "Bats as reservoirs of severe emerging infectious diseases". ... Bluetongue disease, a disease caused by an orbivirus broke out in sheep in France in 2007. Until then the disease had been ... The diseases caused by viruses such as HIV and influenza virus have proved to be more difficult to control. Other diseases, ... The disease was first recorded in 1894 and outbreaks of the disease occurred in eastern Africa throughout the 20th century, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_history_of_viruses

... can also act as a disease reservoir. Crustacean zooplankton have been found to house the bacterium Vibrio cholerae ... Tripos muelleri is recognisable by its U-shaped horns Oodinium, a genus of parasitic dinoflagellates, causes velvet disease in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplankton

Alan Parks added the construction of a reservoir or 'pouch' made from 40-50 centimetres of the small bowel (ileum) immediately ... Parks, A. G.; Nicholls, R. J. (October 1988). "Alan Guyatt Parks 1920-1982". Diseases of the Colon & Rectum. 31 (10): 826-830. ... Nicholls, R J; Lubowski, D Z (6 December 2005). "Restorative proctocolectomy: The four loop (W) reservoir". British Journal of ... but the form of the reservoir soon became an area of development. Parks's premiered pouch surgery using a S-shaped pouch. Parks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nicholls_(professor)

Dogs are known reservoirs of L. infantum, and the spread of disease from dog to dog has been confirmed in the United States. ... Although in utero transmission is likely the predominant method of disease spread amount the L. infantum Mon1 strain, it is ... For reasons yet unidentified the Foxhound and Neapolitan Mastiff seem to be predisposed or at higher risk for disease. The ... Traditionally thought of as a disease only found near the Mediterranean basin, 2008 research claims new findings are evidence ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_leishmaniasis

"Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"; Chapter: Intra-abdominal 'Reservoir' in Patients With Permanent Ileostomy; Pp. 278-279. Colon ... Pouchitis, a term coined by Kock to describe the reservoir ileitis seen in recipients of any pouch procedure, is a common one. ... William O. Barnett's development of the Barnett continent intestinal reservoir-one of the J-pouch modifications of Kock's ... In 1969, he published his manuscript detailing a technique he had established of creating an intra-abdominal reservoir, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils_Kock

"Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"; Chapter: Intra-abdominal 'Reservoir' in Patients With Permanent Ileostomy; Pp. 278-279. Kock ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kock_pouch

... they first proposed that the main reservoir of a disease should be sought amongst the most resistant, not the most sensitive, ... After decades of lack of reporting about these diseases, the surveillance system of these diseases formed again. The domain of ... To monitor other emerging and reemerging infectious diseases, studies have been done on diseases such as recurrent fever, HIV, ... this study greatly contributed to the identification of wild mammals acting as reservoirs for many zoonotic diseases around the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research_Centre_for_Emerging_and_Reemerging_Infectious_Diseases

"Diseases of the Colon & Rectum"; Chapter: Intra-abdominal 'Reservoir' in Patients With Permanent Ileostomy; Pp. 278-279. ... Diseases of the large intestine which may require surgical removal include Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, familial ... In some patients with Crohn's disease, a procedure called an ileoanal anastomosis is done if the disease affects the entire ... 2003), "Surgery for inflammatory bowel diseases", Dig. Dis. 21(2):168-79. "Colorectal Diseases and Treatments". ASCRS. Archived ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileostomy

In late July and early August 2006, up to 10 in (250 mm) of rain fell in a week, the flood-control reservoirs overflowed and ... One prominent form of segregation, in the form of immigration controls to prevent disease, allegedly were abused to create ... Much of the damage was associated with development in recent decades in arroyos protected by flood-control dams and reservoirs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Paso,_Texas

... (HHT) is an epidemiologic vector, especially in case the disease is borne by individuals known as ... "Distinguishing Between Reservoir Exposure and Human-to-Human Transmission for Emerging Pathogens Using Case Onset Data". PLOS ... STDs are by definition spread through this vector.[citation needed] Examples of some HHT diseases are listed below.[citation ... Kool, Jacob L. (2005). "Risk of Person‐to‐Person Transmission of Pneumonic Plague". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 40 (8): 1166- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human-to-human_transmission

Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (2018-10-10). "Water Sources". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-06. Applied ... These include municipal, industrial, agricultural, renewable energy (hydropower), and storage in reservoirs. Due to climate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_water

Do environmental conditions in the UK support the natural reservoirs or vectors of disease? Outcome: yes. Quality of evidence: ... Disease outbreaks in New Zealand, Disease outbreaks in Norway, Disease outbreaks in Peru, Disease outbreaks in Poland, Disease ... Disease outbreaks in Belgium, Disease outbreaks in Brazil, Disease outbreaks in Bulgaria, Disease outbreaks in Canada, Disease ... Disease outbreaks in Colombia, Disease outbreaks in Denmark, Disease outbreaks in Egypt, Disease outbreaks in Finland, Disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_monkeypox_outbreak

The Great Hafir, or Great Reservoir, near the Lion Temple in Musawwarat es-Sufra is a notable hafir built by the Kushites. It ... disease, divine intervention, Hezekiah's surrender) as to why the Assyrians failed to take the city and withdrew to Assyria. ... The Kushites developed a form of reservoir, known as a hafir, during the Meroitic period. Eight hundred ancient and modern ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush

Ticks are the natural hosts of the disease, serving as both reservoirs and vectors of R. rickettsii. Ticks transmit the ... "Tickborne Rickettsial Diseases". Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Centers for Disease Control. 2018-10-26. Dantas-Torres, Filipe ( ... of rickettsial diseases. "Delay in treatment of rickettsial diseases may lead to severe illness or death. Children are five ... that causes this disease. He and others characterized the basic epidemiological features of the disease, including the role of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_spotted_fever

1985). "Prostitutes are a major reservoir of sexually transmitted diseases in Nairobi, Kenya". Sex Transm Dis. 12 (2): 64-7. ... In some places, prostitution may be associated with the spread of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Lack of condom use ... The use of erection-inducing injections with reused needles has contributed to the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. ... The requirement of physical contact also creates the risk of transferring diseases. Prostitution is sometimes described as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostitution

Chosin Reservoir Presidential Unit Citation (Navy) - Hwechon Reservoir Valorous Unit Award - Que Son-Hiep Duc (4th Battalion) ... Despite starvation, disease, no supplies, obsolete weapons, and often inoperative ammunition, the peninsula's defenders fought ... Near the Hwacheon Reservoir, two members of the regiment earned the Medal of Honor in some of the war's most determined ... The 31st Infantry fought against desperate odds on the east side of the Chosin Reservoir from the night of 27 November until 1 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/31st_Infantry_Regiment_(United_States)

... "principal animal reservoir" for the disease, which makes urban areas like the favelas at an even greater risk because strays ... Though the disease targets Ceará the hardest because of its conditions, migration has spread the disease to larger cities, as ... The disease is easily and mostly transmitted on plantations in which the people live and work. Direct and primary evidence of ... An unknown disease is also mentioned by Herbert Huntington Smith, to which he attributes the death of 430 thousand people out ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leishmania_braziliensis

Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and former Chief of the Division of Infectious Diseases at ... Massachusetts General Hospital Frank E. Winsor, civil engineer and chief engineer of the Quabbin Reservoir project Katharine ... Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention John W. Weeks, mayor of Newton; U.S. Congressman and U.S. Senator ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_from_Newton,_Massachusetts

The sewage system of ancient Athens collected the sewage of the city in a large reservoir and then channelled it to the ... The use of unprocessed human feces as fertilizer is a risky practice as it may contain disease-causing pathogens. Nevertheless ... fecal-oral transmission of disease). These risks are reduced by proper fecal sludge management, e.g. via composting. The safe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Night_soil

Fueled by hot and dry weather and steep terrain, the fire burned through heavy beetle kill near Barnes Meadow Reservoir. The ... Colorado has around 2.5 million trees dead from insects, diseases and lack of management. Officials also project that winter ... east and southeast and was now encroaching on the north end of Estes Park and was only eight miles west of Horsetooth Reservoir ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron_Peak_Fire

Although chickens cannot serve as host reservoirs for the disease, chickens may play a crucial role in sustaining populations ... Transmission and development of the disease are consequently dependent upon the sandfly's access to multiple blood meals. Dogs ... disease pathogenesis with regards to L. infantum. After emergence from pupae, both male and female L. longipalpis initially ... longipalpis and the propagation of its disease. Acacia trees attract the presence of these sand flies due to their ability to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutzomyia_longipalpis

The new reservoir will serve as a replacement for Mount Tabor's three open-air reservoirs. In June 2003, Portland Parks and ... From 1920 to 1960, Kelly Butte was home to a sixty-bed municipal hospital that isolated patients with infectious diseases. In ... One of the vegetation goals of the reservoir project is to reduce the level of invasive plants on the butte. After construction ... In 2013, as part of a project to install a 25,000,000-US-gallon (95,000,000 L) underground drinking water reservoir within the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kelly_Butte_Natural_Area

... which used advanced genomic sequencing technology to identify a single point of infection from an animal reservoir to a human ... Genetic Road Map Drawn for Tracing Route To Common Diseases Video. Profile: Pardis Sabeti. NOVA scienceNOW, 07.02.2008. ... that have been subject to natural selection and an algorithm which explains the effects of genetics on the evolution of disease ... of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology at Harvard University and on the faculty of the Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pardis_Sabeti

3) Regulations 1994 (S.I. 1994/3139) Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 1994 (S.I. 1994/3140) Diseases of Poultry ... Reservoirs (Panels of Civil Engineers) (Application Fees) (Amendment) Regulations 1994 (S.I. 1994/1533) West Lindsey National ... Diseases of Animals (Approved Disinfectants) (Amendment) Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2965) Bingo Duty (Exemptions) Order 1994 (S.I. ... Diseases of Fish (Control) Regulations 1994 (S.I. 1994/1447) Fish Health (Amendment) Regulations 1994 (S.I. 1994/1448) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Statutory_Instruments_of_the_United_Kingdom,_1994

Swine diseases, Bacterial diseases, Biological weapons, Theriogenology, Hyphomicrobiales). ... "From the discovery of the Malta fever's agent to the discovery of a marine mammal reservoir, brucellosis has continuously been ... The disease typically causes chronic inflammatory lesions in the reproductive organs of susceptible animals or orchitis, and ... 2003). "Brucellosis" (PDF). Zoonoses and communicable diseases common to man and animals. Volume 1 (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucella_suis

He is currently working on a screenplay about Shona Banda, a mother suffering from Crohn's Disease who became a victim of the ... "Police in Ferguson 'had no reservoir of goodwill'". america.aljazeera.com. Retrieved 2020-11-20. Stephen, Downing (2017-01-01 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Downing_(producer)

In an effort to keep the park waterways free of various invasive species such as the Zebra mussel and whirling disease, boaters ... cutthroat trout is found only in the Snake River and tributaries below the Jackson Lake dam to the Palisades Reservoir in Idaho ... While general practice in national parks is to allow nature to take its course, the alarming trend of increased disease and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Teton_National_Park

Animal fungal diseases, Mycosis-related cutaneous conditions, Oral mucosal pathology, Fungal diseases). ... Dentures may therefore become covered in a biofilm, and act as reservoirs of infection, continually re-infecting the mucosa. ... It is often described as being "a disease of the diseased", occurring in the very young, the very old, or the very sick. ... Candidiasis can be a marker for underlying disease, so the overall prognosis may also be dependent upon this. For example, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oral_candidiasis

Diseases associated with this genus include smallpox, cowpox, horsepox, camelpox, and monkeypox. The most widely known member ... Some orthopoxviruses, including the monkeypox, cowpox, and buffalopox viruses, have the ability to infect non-reservoir species ... VIG is recommended for severe generalized vaccinia if the patient is extremely ill or has a serious underlying disease. VIG ... Martinez, Mark; Michael P. Bray; John W. Huggins (2000). "A Mouse Model of Aerosol-Transmitted Orthopoxviral Disease". Archives ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthopoxvirus

The discovery confirms that bats are the natural reservoir of SARS-CoV. Phylogenetic analysis shows the possibility of direct ... A New Frontier of Emerging Infectious Diseases (First ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 127-155. doi:10.1002/9781118818824.ch5.{{ ... Li, W. (2005). "Bats Are Natural Reservoirs of SARS-Like Coronaviruses". Science. 310 (5748): 676-679. Bibcode:2005Sci...310.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bat_SARS-like_coronavirus_WIV1

This trait results in a limited ability to avoid predators and disease which could perpetuate further problems in the face of ... Smith, S., & Hughes, J. (2008). Microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA variation defines island genetic reservoirs for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_population_size

Among the hardest hit were the Wyandot who lost 100 people in the diseases that occurred after the flood. The flood also is the ... There were also fears that the Ulley Reservoir in Sheffield would fail, if it did it would have killed hundreds. 6 people were ... In 1982, the river Jucar (Valencia, Spain) broke the Tous Reservoir causing a flood that killed 30 people. The North Sea flood ... On 18 July 1985, near Tesero, Trentino-Alto Adige/Südtirol, the Val di Stava dam collapsed; an artificial reservoir breached ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_floods

... who provided a continuous reservoir for the disease and spread by the Haemagogus s. spegazzini mosquito which normally inhabits ... An attempt was made to totally quarantine the island just before Christmas, 1954, but the disease quickly spread to the nearby ... Louis virus Mayaro virus* Oropouche virus* Tacaribe virus* (isolated in 1956 from a bat) Virus Diseases in the West Indies - a ... It was discovered that a form of the disease "jungle yellow fever" was carried by Red Howler monkeys (Alouatta macconnelli ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinidad_Regional_Virus_Laboratory

... and other diseases. More than 6 million people are examined with this isotope each year in Europe. The ability to extract ... spherical container into which D2O was pumped from a reservoir at the base. Criticality was attained in six solution spheres ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueous_homogeneous_reactor

Diseases and disorders in Australia, Viral diseases, Insect-borne diseases, Alphaviruses). ... It is not presently known what reservoir hosts support Ross River virus in metropolitan areas such as Brisbane. The southern ... directly contributes to disease since mice deficient in the C3 protein do not suffer from severe disease following infection. ... The Australian disease seemed to progress in milder fashion. In 1956, serological testing suggested an unknown new species of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ross_River_virus

Disease also slowed down production and even Reynolds became very ill from contaminated drinking water. In 1907, without any ... It shall also comprise the right of constructing and maintaining all and any wells, reservoirs, stations, pump services, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D'Arcy_Concession

However, a permit from the Reservoir is required to access this protected watershed. There is one main staging area, which is ... Unsanitary conditions at the missions and exposure to new infectious diseases carried by the foreigners caused the deaths of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgan_Territory_Regional_Preserve

With the destruction of its sole water reservoir, much of Puerto Cortés endured potable water shortages for months in Gert's ... In the wake of Gert, the amount of respiratory disease and skin infection cases rose slightly, although the overall health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Gert

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Disease+Reservoirs&type=mesh

Identifying Rodent Hantavirus Reservoirs, Brazil. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2004;10(12):2127-2134. doi:10.3201/ ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... Souza LTM, Suzuki A, Pereira LE, Ferreira IB, Souza RP, Cruz AS, Identification of hantavirus rodent reservoirs species in ... lasiurus as rodent host reservoir for ARA virus, as well as O. nigripes as rodent host reservoir for the JUQ-like virus in the ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/12/04-0295_article

We determined the reservoir competence for A. phagocytophilum of 14 species (10 mammals and 4 birds) in a disease-endemic ... Reservoir Competence of Vertebrate Hosts for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2012;18(12):2013-2016. ... Reservoir competence is... * Figure 2. . . Mean reservoir competence of 14 host species (10 mammals and 4 birds) for Anaplasma ... Reservoir competence is... Tables. * Table 1. Host species tested for Anaplasma phagocytophiluum reservoir competence, ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/18/12/12-0919_article

The objective is to explore the role of the aquatic reservoir on the persistence of endemic cholera as well as to define ... The importance of the aquatic reservoir depends on the sanitary conditions of the community. Seasonal variations of contact ... Here, I formulate a mathematical model of cholera epidemiology that incorporates an environmental reservoir of V. cholerae. ... Figure 3 , BMC Infectious Diseases. Figure 3. From: Endemic and epidemic dynamics of cholera: the role of the aquatic reservoir ...

https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-1-1/figures/3

... as well as detecting the presence of the Chagas disease pathogen via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of a ∼400 bp sequence of ... and often fatal Chagas disease, which affects several million people mainly in Central and South America. An understanding of ... speciose group of blood-feeding insects has and will continue to aid ongoing efforts to impede the spread of Chagas disease. ... the parasite responsible for Chagas disease. Chagas disease is a chronic debilitating disease, prevalent in Latin America, and ...

https://peerj.com/articles/3826/

... Cite CITE. Title : American robins as reservoir hosts for lyme ... Title : American robins as reservoir hosts for lyme disease spirochetes. Personal Author(s) : Randolph, S. Published Date : ... Migratory Passerine Birds as Reservoirs of Lyme Borreliosis in Europe Cite CITE. Title : Migratory Passerine Birds as ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/15053

Disease reservoirs. Domestic cats (Felis domesticus) are the reservoirs of B henselae, which may be transmitted via cat bites ... 6] The disease has since been described in patients following organ transplantation [1, 7, 8] and in other individuals with a ... The disease is the second-most-common cause of angiomatous skin lesions in persons infected with HIV. (See Treatment and ... Humans appear to be the only reservoir of B quintana; the human body louse, Pediculus humanus, is the transmission vector. ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/212737-173018/how-is-bacillary-angiomatosis-treated

Disease Reservoirs and Vectors * Endemic orthopoxvirus circulating in procyonids in MexicoExternal. Gallardo-Romero NF, ... Communicable Diseases - Legionnaires Disease * *Legionellosis on the rise: A review of guidelines for prevention in the United ... Communicable Diseases * Taxonomy of the order Mononegavirales: update 2016External. Afonso CL, Amarasinghe GK, Banyai K, Bao Y ... Parasitic Diseases * Human gene expression in uncomplicated plasmodium falciparum malariaExternal. Colborn JM, Ylostalo JH, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/library/sciclips/issues/v8issue23.html

Disease Reservoirs and Vectors *Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in hyalommid ticks, northeastern Kenyaexternal icon Sang ... West Nile virus disease and other arboviral diseases - United States, 2010external icon. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2011 Aug 5; ... Communicable Diseases *Leptospirosis among hospitalized febrile patients in northern Tanzaniaexternal icon Biggs HM, Bui DM, ... Parasitic Diseases *Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in Mymensingh, Bangladeshexternal icon Islam S, Ashraful Alam Bhuiyan M ...

https://www.cdc.gov/library/sciclips/issues/v3issue32.html

... raising the question of whether transplantation can eradicate the HIV reservoir. To test this, we here present a model of allo- ... 10 Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, Mail Stop E5-110, ... Evidence for persistence of the SHIV reservoir early after MHC haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation Nat ... AI116184/U.S. Department of Health & Human Services , NIH , National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)/ ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30361514/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... Identifying Rodent Hantavirus Reservoirs, Brazil Akemi Suzuki*. , Ivani Bisordi*, Silvana Levis†, Jorge Garcia†, Luiz E. ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. ... the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors affiliated institutions. Use of trade names is for ...

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/content/10/12/2127-f4.htm

https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/10/12/04-0295-f2

Resistance of vectors and reservoirs of disease to pesticides : tenth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and ... Resistance of vectors and reservoirs of disease to pesticides : twenty-second report of the WHO Expert Committee on ... Resistance of vectors and reservoirs of disease to pesticides : tenth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and ... Resistance of vectors and reservoirs of disease to pesticides : tenth report of the WHO Expert Committee on Vector Biology and ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BDisease%20reservoirs.%7D

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=ccl=su%3A%7BDisease%20reservoirs.%7D&sort_by=relevance_dsc&count=20&limit=location:DISCARD

Reservoirs should be distinguished from vectors and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing ... Animate or inanimate sources which harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. ... sources of potential disease outbreaks. * Fuentes animadas o inanimadas que albergan organismos causantes de enfermedades y de ... OBJECTS (en) > ABSTRACT OBJECTS (en) > disease reservoirs (en) PREFERRED TERM. disease reservoirs. ...

https://artemide.art.uniroma2.it/skosmos/gacs/en/page/?clang=ru&uri=C8385

Disease outbreaks, reservoirs, and endemicity¶. To configure disease outbreaks in EMOD simulations, you have a few different ... Infectivity reservoirs¶. You can also introduce outbreaks through infectivity reservoirs; for example, zoonotic diseases may ... For zoonotic diseases, you can also introduce the disease through an animal reservoir. ... Endemic disease¶. If the disease is endemic to a region, outbreaks can be periodically repeated to simulate regular occurrences ...

https://docs.idmod.org/projects/emod-sti/en/2.21_a/model-outbreak.html

In this area, M. libycus is the primary and main reservoir host of the disease, and R. opimus and T. indica were absent. We ... I. The reservoir. II. The human disease. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 1968, 62:534-42. ... indica is the primary and main reservoir of disease with a 12.5% infection rate [7,9]. In both the above zones, M. libycus is a ... secondary reservoir host with a low infection rate and does not play a key role in maintaining the disease. The 3rd zone is in ...

https://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-12-2006/volume-12-issue-3-4/meriones-libycus-is-the-main-reservoir-of-zoonotic-cutaneous-leishmaniasis-in-south-islamic-republic-of-iran.html

Rahman, T.; Sobur, A.; Islam, S.; Ievy, S.; Hossain, J.; El Zowalaty, M.E.; Rahman, A.T.; Ashour, H.M. Zoonotic Diseases: ... Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with "One Health" Concern by ... "Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with "One Health" Concern" ... "Wild Animals Are Reservoirs and Sentinels of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA Clones: A Problem with "One Health" Concern" ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/12/1556/htm

... - published on openPR.com ... its a deadly disease that attacks immune cells called CD-4 cells, creating body vulnerable to infections and alternative ... Scientific Strategy Towards HIV Reservoirs Cure The Fifth International Workshop on HIV Persistence, Reservoirs & Eradication ... HIV reservoirs. In order to achieve a HIV cure one day, researchers have to understand how this reservoir is established and ...

https://www.openpr.com/news/162358/hiv-reservoirs-cure-initiative-to-meet-in-boston-at-croi-2011.html

Disease Management [‎9]‎. Disease Outbreaks [‎28]‎. Disease Reservoirs [‎1]‎. Disruptive Technology [‎2]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/254899/browse?rpp=20&offset=127&etal=-1&sort_by=-1&type=mesh&starts_with_previous=D&order=ASC

Emerging Infectious Diseases: Animal Reservoirs. Related Terms:. Antigenic drift. Related Images:. Antigenic shift in the ...

https://www.learner.org/glossary/constructing-social-reality/

HIV and COVID-19 Basics (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) * HIV and Rheumatic Disease (American College of ... What Is a Latent HIV Reservoir? (National Institutes of Health, Office of AIDS Research) Also in Spanish ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Also in Spanish * Clinicalinfo: Information on HIV/AIDS Treatment, Prevention, and ... HIV/AIDS and Fungal Infections (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) * HIV/AIDS and Oral Health (National Institute of ...

https://medlineplus.gov/hivandinfections.html

Leave Foliar Diseases Behindwith Peracetic Acid Foliar diseases are all too common and familiar to farmers for ruining ... Foliar disease can disrupt the Read More 22 Jul. 21. Cooling Tower Bacteria: No Match for Slime. Biofilm. Gunk. Crud. Building ... These diseases - fungal, bacterial, and viral - affect plants by interfering with absorption and translocation of water and ... bacterial and fungal diseases in various agricultural water systems, is now listed on Agrians comprehensive online Label ...

https://envirotech.com/tag/reservoirs/

X-rays help advance the battle against heart disease. Read more 03-10-2011 ... A hydrogen reservoir made of … mostly hydrogen. Read more 07-09-2011 ...

https://esrf.fr/home/news/general.html?year=2011

The Yellow Fever Reservoir of the Orinoco-Amazon Basin published on May 1948 by The American Society of Tropical Medicine and ... The recriminations of the "Gallic disease" were repeated here, just as a few centuries later were those of the "Spanish" ... The Yellow Fever Reservoir of the Orinoco-Amazon Basin Jorge Boshell-Manrique Jorge Boshell-Manrique. Search for other papers ... The controversy narrowed as time went by and knowledge of the etiology of the disease increased. When objective information on ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/s1-28/3/article-p457.xml

Medicine - Infectious Disease and International Medicine. Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer- ... Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization as a reservoir for Clostridium difficile infection. Alison L. Galdys, Scott R. ... Galdys, A. L., Curry, S. R., & Harrison, L. H. (2014). Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization as a reservoir for ... Galdys, Alison L. ; Curry, Scott R. ; Harrison, Lee H. / Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization as a reservoir for ...

https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/asymptomatic-clostridium-difficile-colonization-as-a-reservoir-fo

Age brings about diseases, illnesses and extended hospital stays. These factors multiply to create a ballooning effect on ...

https://www.valuewalk.com/japan-mothers-index

Purchase American Trypanosomiasis Chagas Disease - 2nd Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780128010297, 9780128010693 ... Trypanosoma cruzi enzootic cycle: General aspects, domestic and synanthropic hosts and reservoirs ... American Trypanosomiasis Chagas Disease. Holiday Sale. :. Save up to 25% on print and eBooks with FREE shipping. No promo code ... Since then she has focused her research on the three components of Chagas disease, namely: the host, the vector and mainly the ...

https://www.elsevier.com/books/american-trypanosomiasis-chagas-disease/telleria/978-0-12-801029-7

... and some southern states have persistent cycles of disease transmission between insect vectors and animal reservoirs,[2][23] ... Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi. It is ... Early in the course of the disease, T. cruzi is found frequently in the striated muscle fibers of the heart.[24] As disease ... "Chagas Disease - Detailed Fact Sheet". www.cdc.gov. CDC-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chagas_disease

Reservoir. N. meningitidis is a commensal of humans, the only natural host. The bacteria normally colonise the mucosa of the ... clinically compatible disease including haemorrhagic rash or. *clinically compatible disease and close contact with a confirmed ... Meningococcal disease. In: Atkinson W HJ, Wolfe S, editor. Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases The Pink ... Australias notifiable disease status, 2010: Annual report of the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. Commun Dis ...

https://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/controlguideline/Pages/meningococcal-disease.aspx

Human granulocytic anaplasmosis (HGA), formerly known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis, is an emerging infectious disease in the United States, Europe, and Asia ( 1 , 2 ). (cdc.gov)
This makes Schistosoma infection the second most prevalent tropical infectious disease in areas such as sub-Saharan Africa after malaria. (medscape.com)
A hitherto unknown infectious disease contracted from monkeys. (cdc.gov)
Until the mid-19th century, many believed glanders to be a spontaneous rather than infectious disease, but in 1837, Pierre-Fran ois-Olive Rayer proved the transmittable nature of glanders. (globalsecurity.org)
COHN: I think I learned the hard way, which is when infectious disease experts said to you they're not changing their lifestyle until they see the number of cases in their community drop, I would follow that. (npr.org)
Providing clean water, coupled with health and hygiene education, is perhaps the most effective measure we can take in preventing infectious disease. (samaritanspurse.ca)
says Gregory Poland, M.D., an infectious disease expert and director of the Mayo Clinic Vaccination Research Group. (aarp.org)
COVID-19-Zoonosis or Emerging Infectious Disease? (frontiersin.org)
We propose that COVID-19 should instead be classified an " emerging infectious disease (EID) of probable animal origin . (frontiersin.org)
We've only eradicated one human infectious disease. (acs.org)
On May 8, 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox-a highly-deadly infectious disease in humans-had been eradicated. (acs.org)
My point is that, although COVID-19 is still an infectious disease that you absolutely do not want to get-trust me on that-there are tools that we can use that make co-existing with it much, much safer. (acs.org)
Now imagine an infectious disease that kills nearly a third of the people who get it, in a time when highly effective vaccines didn't exist, when the concept of a virus was still being worked out, and when there were no tools, like KN95 masks, to prevent getting sick. (acs.org)
And today it's still the only infectious disease in humans to have been eradicated. (acs.org)
Tuberculosis (TB) (see the image below), a multisystemic disease with myriad presentations and manifestations, is the most common cause of infectious disease-related mortality worldwide. (medscape.com)
The concept, definition and factors contributing to the emergence of disease threats were encapsulated in two reports from the US Institute of Medicine that defined the major issues and described the principal causes and mechanisms leading to infectious disease emergence, as well as discussing possible strategies for recognizing and counteracting the threats. (who.int)
The spectrum of infectious disease is changing tify infectious disease threats and respond to them rapidly in conjunction with dramatic changes in our effectively. (cdc.gov)
The President's Health Security Act of 1993 ad- health professional associations, infectious disease dresses the need for universal health care coverage experts from academia and clinical practice, and in- as well as the need to enhance community-based ternational and public service organizations, the public health strategies. (cdc.gov)
Leprosy, also known as Hansen's disease, is a chronic infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae. (who.int)
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease with slow evolution, characterized by high infectivity and low pathogenicity, resulting in severe neuropathies, disability grading (DG), and deformities 1 1. (scielosp.org)
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered coronavirus. (who.int)

for example, zoonotic diseases may have a background animal reservoir that continuously exposes humans to infection. (idmod.org)
For a select group of zoonotic infectious diseases with high death rates, the low incidence reflects infrequent spillover from an animal reservoir into humans. (cdc.gov)
Glanders is a disease in horses and other Equidae (horse family of animals, order Perissodactyla), but can be transmitted to humans and other domestic animals. (globalsecurity.org)
The disease is rare in humans but could be contracted by humans through close contact with horses or ingesting horse meat. (globalsecurity.org)
Multidisciplinary teams of scientists - jointly funded by NSF and NIH - bolster the research community's knowledge of pathogens and their diseases, which can decimate crops, ravage animal populations and harm humans. (nsf.gov)
Are CB2 receptors a potential therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory diseases in humans? (hrc.govt.nz)
Hundreds of diseases can be transmitted between insects, animals and humans. (polioeradication.org)
One of the things that makes polio eradicable is the fact that humans are the only reservoir. (polioeradication.org)
The high mortality rates seen with some strains of heniparviruses in humans and the ability of the viruses to spread efficiently among non-reservoir hosts such as pigs and horses, pose a threat to global health and economy,' said study co-author Brad Schneider, PhD, Director of Laboratory Sciences at Metabiota, the company that designed the surveillance system used to identify the spillovers in the current study. (news-medical.net)
Often a reservoir species like a bat or pig will be not be harmed by a virus which becomes deadly when it jumps into humans, whose immune systems cannot adequately control it. (news-medical.net)
A previously undescribed respiratory disease of humans emerged in Southeast Asia in late 2002 and rapidly spread to many other countries. (usda.gov)
The more likely possibility is the SARS virus has spilled over from a wildlife reservoir into humans, with or without mutations, and resulted in an infectious and deadly virus. (usda.gov)
Q fever is a disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii, which can be transmitted to humans from animals such as sheep, goats, and cattle. (cdc.gov)
humans are the only natural reservoir for Shigella . (merckmanuals.com)
and they spread about 29 diseases of humans and domestic animals. (scientificamerican.com)
In such scenarios, humans are often exposed to potential reservoir animals or animal hosts in various situations, including workplace, diet, and household. (scielo.br)
L. major is transmitted by Phlebotomus papatasi from the animal reservoir to humans. (who.int)
Humans are the main reservoir for L. tropica . (who.int)
Warming temperatures in Alaska have led to increases in vole populations, which can spread diseases like Alaskapox to humans. (cdc.gov)
As the difference between environmental temperatures and human body temperatures narrows, new fungal diseases may emerge as fungi become more adapted to surviving in humans. (cdc.gov)
Humans may serve both as disease reservoirs and carriers. (bvsalud.org)
Despite its exceptional impact, the COVID-19 pandemic is only the latest in a long list of emerging infectious diseases that have jumped from wildlife to humans. (animalecologyinfocus.com)
Because humans interact and interfere with ecosystems all around the world, One Health seeks to uncover which social and economic activities are making humans, wildlife and domesticated animals vulnerable to zoonotic diseases. (animalecologyinfocus.com)
HAT transmission requires the interaction of humans, tsetse flies and parasite reservoirs (humans, and domestic and wild animals). (who.int)
Pathogenic species of Leptospira cause leptospirosis, a global zoonotic disease affecting humans and all major livestock species. (jgenomics.com)
Two strains of the virus have caused outbreaks of severe respiratory diseases in humans: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV or SARS-CoV-1), which caused the 2002-2004 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is causing the ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 . (wikizero.com)

To configure disease outbreaks in EMOD simulations, you have a few different options. (idmod.org)
Somewhat counter-intuitively, disease outbreaks are configured as "interventions" in the campaign file . (idmod.org)
If the disease is endemic to a region, outbreaks can be periodically repeated to simulate regular occurrences of the disease in the population. (idmod.org)
These climatic conditions are associated with hantavirus disease incidence and can be used as early warning indicators of potential outbreaks. (europa.eu)
Last week, Maribel talked us about disease outbreaks , many of which are transmitted by insect vectors. (wordpress.com)
Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. (bvsalud.org)
Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors ( DISEASE VECTORS ) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks. (bvsalud.org)
The findings underpin the importance of after-action reviews in identifying critical areas for improvement in multi-sectoral prevention and control of disease outbreaks. (bvsalud.org)

However, few studies have examined rates of transmission from infected hosts to uninfected ticks, a trait known as the reservoir competence of these hosts. (cdc.gov)
Overall, robust quantitative information on reservoir competence is scarce and key hosts remain unstudied. (cdc.gov)
An understanding of the natural hosts of this speciose group of blood-feeding insects has and will continue to aid ongoing efforts to impede the spread of Chagas disease. (peerj.com)
We show the utility of this method for uncovering novel and under-studied groups of Triatominae hosts, as well as detecting the presence of the Chagas disease pathogen via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) of a ∼400 bp sequence of the trypanosome 18S gene. (peerj.com)
American robins as reservoir hosts for lyme disease spirochetes. (cdc.gov)
The topics explored are geared towards an understanding both of the mechanisms involved in HIV persistence in its reservoirs, and the possibilities of finding new strategies to use in order to eradicate HIV from infected hosts. (openpr.com)
Studies of reservoir hosts for Marburg virus. (cdc.gov)
The students are technical and methodical competent to work in infection disease research based on their understanding of the complex host-pathogen interactions during the infectious process, they have the capacity to integrate the pathogen's virulence functions and the hosts defense strategies and the principles, how both evolved during co-evolution and how these interactions shape pathogenesis and disease outcome. (uni-luebeck.de)
In a recent study using data collected around the world, Redding and colleagues found that reservoir hosts of zoonotic pathogens were more abundant in human-modified landscapes, even though overall biodiversity was reduced. (animalecologyinfocus.com)
Transmission of leptospires is maintained by reservoir hosts of infection, which shed leptospires exposing other hosts directly via urine, semen, and uterine discharges, or indirectly via contamination of moist environments [ 3 ]. (jgenomics.com)
Other malignant diseases in immunocompetent hosts include various B-cell or T-cell lymphomas, and epithelial or mesenchymal carcinomas such as classical Hodgkin's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma Footnote 6 Footnote 7 Footnote 10 . (canada.ca)

Many of the pathogens highlighted in the current issue of Emerging Infectious Diseases can collectively be described as low-incidence, high-consequence pathogens. (cdc.gov)
Selected diseases caused by these pathogens are described below. (cdc.gov)
Rodent populations respond rapidly to conducive weather conditions, such as heavy precipitation events which can directly or indirectly propagate rodent-borne pathogens such as spirosis, a zoonotic bacterial disease, with an unknown, but probably high human and veterinary prevalence in eastern Europe and the Mediterranean. (europa.eu)
Bacteria contaminate inanimate surfaces and equipment of the patient zone and healthcare area, generating a reservoir of potential pathogens, including multidrug resistant species. (hindawi.com)
Introduction into the variety of infectious diseases and their respective causative pathogens (Viruses, bacteria, parasitic protozoa and helminths, fungi). (uni-luebeck.de)
In 10 U.S. geographic areas, the Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network* (FoodNet) monitors the incidence of laboratory-confirmed infections caused by nine pathogens transmitted commonly through food. (cdc.gov)
Most zoonotic pathogens have coevolved with their animal reservoirs over millennia, causing little harm until they come into contact with a new host species that happens to be more vulnerable. (animalecologyinfocus.com)
Yet patterns of association between zoonotic pathogens and environmental variables are distorted by biases in research effort, as Dr. Orly Razgour (University of Exeter) discussed, by presenting a systematic review of the impacts of land use changes on zoonotic diseases. (animalecologyinfocus.com)

Immunity may be due to vaccination or, if the disease was recently endemic, prior infection. (idmod.org)
These values can be adjusted to shift the disease from a low rate of primary zoonotic infection with substantial secondary human transmission to a high zoonosis rate with low human transmission. (idmod.org)
The purpose of this review is to discuss the mechanisms by which individuals may harbor toxigenic CD but remain asymptomatic, the evidence that asymptomatically colonized individuals serve as a source of CDI, and the implications of this potential CD reservoir for healthcare infection prevention. (umn.edu)
Galdys, AL , Curry, SR & Harrison, LH 2014, ' Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization as a reservoir for Clostridium difficile infection ', Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy , vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 967-980. (umn.edu)
Harrison, Lee H. / Asymptomatic Clostridium difficile colonization as a reservoir for Clostridium difficile infection . (umn.edu)
C diphtheriae infection typically is characterized by a local inflammation, usually in the upper respiratory tract, associated with toxin-mediated cardiac and neural disease. (medscape.com)
Conclusions: Modeling the transmission of infectious diseases, such as MRSA, can help to identify points of intervention to prevent exposure and infection. (cdc.gov)
The virus persists in some cells after infection despite antiretroviral therapy (ART) and these contain inactive proviruses that can replicate and trigger the disease. (bioworld.com)
At the same time, the accumulation of a large, almost stationary body of water sets in motion a train of events, particularly in tropical areas, that may enhance the spread of infection and disease, including filariasis and schistosomiasis. (nzdl.org)
Serotype 3 infection factors is critical when planning to break the chain of was last reported in 2012 and was declared to have been transmission and ultimately eradicate the disease. (who.int)
Preschool-age children harbour the principal reservoir of infection. (who.int)

Emerging Infectious Diseases , 29 (3), 477-483. (cdc.gov)
Emerging Infectious Diseases , 29 (3), 484-492. (cdc.gov)

Serosurveys and molecular diagnostics within disease-endemic zones show that many ground-dwelling vertebrate species are exposed to or infected with A. phagocytophilum ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
Quantification of host species-specific reservoir competence can identify animals most responsible for producing infected ticks and therefore increasing risk for human exposure. (cdc.gov)
We determined the reservoir competence for A. phagocytophilum of 14 species (10 mammals and 4 birds) in a disease-endemic region of the eastern United States. (cdc.gov)
The 152 extant species of kissing bug include important vectors of the debilitating, chronic, and often fatal Chagas disease, which affects several million people mainly in Central and South America. (peerj.com)
In addition, els up to approximately 8 parts per million (ppm) a contractor for the Tennessee Department of in certain species of fish from the reservoir. (cdc.gov)
Population Analysis of Vibrio cholerae in Aquatic Reservoirs Reveals a Novel Sister Species (Vibrio paracholerae sp. (nus.edu.sg)
Known reservoir species are tested more often than other species, particularly in proximity to human populations. (animalecologyinfocus.com)
The leishmaniases are a group of diseases caused by protozoan parasites from more than 20 Leishmania species. (who.int)
Bats serve as the main host reservoir species for the SARS-related coronaviruses like SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. (wikizero.com)

The MMWR series of publications is published by the Epidemiology Program Office, Centers for Disease Control, Public Health Service, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Atlanta, Georgia 30333. (cdc.gov)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The conclusions, findings, and opinions expressed by authors contributing to this journal do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the Public Health Service, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, or the authors' affiliated institutions. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control's experience over the past decade has allowed us to evolve approaches which allow for timely and accurate surveillance data to be generated even in extremely adverse conditions. (cdc.gov)
Announcer] This program is presented by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Massachusetts Department of Public Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are investigating a confirmed case of monkeypox in the United States. (cdc.gov)
Five core partners- Rotary International, World Health Organization (WHO), Rotary International, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation- 20 million volunteers, over 2.5 billion children vaccinated, and an initiative spanning over 30 years across 200 countries. (polioeradication.org)
Some diseases such as cryptococcosis (extrapulmonary form), chronic intestinal cryptosporidiosis, salmonellosis (non-typhoid), cerebral toxoplasmosis, and Chagas' disease (reactivated form) are also included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criterion that was adapted from the definition of AIDS 8 8. (scielo.br)
Launched with fewer than 400 employees, the organization-today the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-moves to its current main campus on Clifton Road in Atlanta in 1947 after paying $10 to Emory University for 15 acres of land. (cdc.gov)
The subcommittee provides advice and recommendations to the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Administrator of ATSDR on the selection, design, scope, prioritization, and adequacy of ATSDR and CDC public health activities and research connected with the Oak Ridge Reservation. (cdc.gov)
In 2018, 73.0% of the US population on community water systems, or 207,426,535 people, had access to fluoridated water, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cityofanacortes.org)
Image courtesy of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (medscape.com)

4 Resolution AFR/RC48/R2, Integrated epidemiological surveillance of diseases: Regional strategy for communicable diseases. (who.int)

These results suggest that early post-transplant, allo-HCT is insufficient for recipient reservoir eradication despite high-level donor chimerism and GVHD. (nih.gov)
The Fifth 'International Workshop on HIV Persistence, Reservoirs & Eradication Strategies' will be held from December 6-9, 2011, in St. Martin, West Indies. (openpr.com)
Despite the eradication of smallpox in 1980, concerns about intentional or accidental release of variola virus and its potential for severe disease and high rates of death (average 30 percent) have fueled research into the development of new diagnostic tests, therapies, and vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Some diseases can be transmitted in a multitude of ways, which can make a disease an impossible candidate for eradication. (polioeradication.org)
Polio cases have nose-dived by 99% since the late 1980s after a push to eradicate the disease, but clusters of cases across the world indicate that it could resurge if we don't double down on eradication. (polioeradication.org)
Today on the show we're talking about disease eradication. (acs.org)
Poxviruses continue to cause serious diseases even after eradication of the historically deadly infectious human disease, smallpox. (researchgate.net)
The Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI) promised to eradicate polio by 2000, yet the disease remains endemic in 2 countries. (who.int)

For zoonotic diseases, you can also introduce the disease through an animal reservoir. (idmod.org)
However, there are additional introductions from the animal reservoir, as shown in the log prevalence chart. (idmod.org)
Animal reservoirs include rats, mice and possibly other small or medium sized mammals. (haz-map.com)
The pandemic of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 has been classified as a zoonotic disease, however, no animal reservoir has yet been found, so this classification is premature. (frontiersin.org)
Although the initial one hundred COVID-19 patients were presumably exposed to the virus at a seafood Market in China, and despite the fact that 33 of 585 swab samples collected from surfaces and cages in the market tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, no virus was isolated directly from animals and no animal reservoir was detected. (frontiersin.org)
The wild animal reservoir is unknown. (cdc.gov)
Two possibilities for the origin of the virus was that a human virus that had circulated undetected or that it was an animal coronavirus that had spread from an unknown animal reservoir. (usda.gov)
Animal disease reservoirs are extremely important for global public health. (ucsd.edu)
Ebola is "endemic" in Congo, and the virus remains in animal reservoirs in the region. (kalw.org)
Seimenis AM. The spread of zoonoses and other infectious diseases through the international trade of animals and animal products. (scielo.br)
Such animal reservoirs could then transmit the virus back to people. (nature.com)
But scientists don't know the virus's exact reservoir - the animal or animals that continuously carry and spread the virus without becoming ill from it. (nature.com)
When the model factored in the existence of a mouse reservoir, it predicted that animal transmission would drive much earlier peaks and multiple waves. (nature.com)
When human-to-animal and animal-to-human spread are factored into the transmission process, things become much more complicated, says disease modeller Huaiping Zhu, director of the Canadian Centre for Disease Modelling at York University in Toronto, and the study's lead author. (nature.com)
It is now known that hepatitis E is a zoonotic disease-an animal-to-human disease-and pigs are the reservoirs of the hepatitis E virus. (nutritionfacts.org)
Even though vectors could transmit infectious agents to either plants or animals, in this article we will focus on those agents related to animal diseases. (wordpress.com)
The surveillance and prevention system has failed in many regards, such as biological surveillance in animal reservoirs, identification of facilitators of emergence as well as transmitters, and actions taken for disease control. (onehealthpharma.net)

Ebola virus disease (EVD), otherwise known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a severe illness with a case fatality rate that can be as high as 90%.1 It is caused by the Ebola virus that was first isolated in 1976. (who.int)
Since the first Ebola Virus Disease cases were reported from the the region of Nzerekore of Guinea in March 2014, five other countries in West Africa -- Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal and Sierra Leone -- have been affected by the EVD epidemic. (who.int)
Ebola viral disease: fact sheet. (who.int)
Fruit bats as reservoirs of Ebola virus. (who.int)
Ebola and Marburg Hemorrhagic Fevers: Neglected Tropical Diseases? (cdc.gov)
As global temperatures rise, deadly diseases that are a threat in other countries - like Ebola, Lassa, Rift Valley fever, and monkeypox - will increase along with the risk of them being imported into the United States. (cdc.gov)

Two subspecies of Trypanosoma brucei cause disease: T. b. gambiense in West and Central Africa, and T. b. rhodesiense in East Africa. (who.int)

Most of these events trigger disease interventions such as vaccinations and diagnostic tests, but the outbreak is included here as well. (idmod.org)
In a population where the disease is not endemic, you will generally include one outbreak in the campaign file. (idmod.org)
The following graphs show the inset chart and charts for all channels in an outbreak of a zoonotic disease. (idmod.org)
2019) Marburg virus disease outbreak in Kween District Uganda, 2017: Epidemiological and laboratory findings. (cdc.gov)
A threat of a widespread outbreak of the disease comes as the nation, and the rest of the world, must also contend with the spread of COVID-19, which may further strain the country's health care infrastructure. (kalw.org)
1961: An outbreak in South Africa raises possibility of wild birds as a possible reservoir for influenza A viruses. (cdc.gov)
In 2012, a mild winter, early spring, and hot summer set the stage for an outbreak of West Nile virus disease in the United States, resulting in more than 5,600 illnesses and 286 deaths. (cdc.gov)
In Africa, it is the third most commonly reported type of disease outbreak. (elifesciences.org)

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has rapidly spread in all regions of WHO in recent years. (who.int)
Rabies is a viral zoonotic disease that causes progressive and fatal inflammation of the brain and spinal cord. (who.int)

There will likely be some level of immunity within the population when a disease is endemic. (idmod.org)
EMOD enables you to then serialize the population state at this point so you can reload in subsequent simulations to analyze the effect of interventions on an endemic disease. (idmod.org)

They are reservoirs of antibiotic-resistance. (theprint.in)
10,11 Other factors that contribute to emergence are microbial mutation and selection and genetic re-assortment that can lead to the development of new genotypes of known diseases, as we see most frequently with influenza A and also in new patterns of antibiotic resistance. (who.int)

This confirms M. libycus as the main reservoir host of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in southern parts of the country. (who.int)
This finding in Neiriz confirms our previous study in Arsanjan [13] that M. libycus is the main reservoir host of ZCL in southern Islamic Republic of Iran. (who.int)
Fluctuations in the abundance of its main reservoir host have been linked to variation in plague incidence. (europa.eu)

The diversity of problems experienced in long- and short-term refugee situations demands a diversity of approaches in disease surveillance, control, and prevention. (cdc.gov)
Technical Guidelines for Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response in the African Region, 2nd Edition, 2010, WHO Regional Office for Africa, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo. (who.int)
Part of the reason scientists don't know the virus's reservoir is a lack of active, long-term surveillance for monkeypox in the wild, says Okeke. (nature.com)
It was found that the surveillance and response systems were weak at community level, lack of enforcement of public health laws including vaccination of livestock and domestic animals and joint preparedness efforts were generally undermined by differential disease surveillance capacities among sectors. (bvsalud.org)
They also demonstrate clearly that these emergent diseases can move rapidly between countries and continents through infected travellers so that surveillance needs to be transparent and authorities made aware of international disease events elsewhere around the globe. (who.int)

The low incidence of some of these diseases reflects effective public health prevention measures, such as vaccinations. (cdc.gov)
AVL is a classic example of a zoonotic disease and its importance as a major public health challenge with respect to control and prevention is well known 3 3. (scielo.br)
Prevention includes vaccination against Lyme disease, Bravecto chew tablets, the application of anti-tick topical agents, removing attacked ticks daily, clearing brush and tall grasses around the dog yard, spraying with a safe insecticide. (sunsetlabs.com)
By promoting an active approach in disease prevention from an early age, Green Dog is allowing patients to live longer, happier, and healthier lives. (greendogdental.com)

The disease may affect some segments of the intestinal tract while leaving normal segments (called skip areas) between the affected areas. (merckmanuals.com)

National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) are at the forefront of many of these efforts. (cdc.gov)

[1] After four to eight weeks, untreated individuals enter the chronic phase of disease, which in most cases does not result in further symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
When used in chronic disease, medication may delay or prevent the development of end-stage symptoms. (wikipedia.org)
[2] When present, the symptoms are typically minor and not specific to any particular disease. (wikipedia.org)
Because of the rarity of the disease and its flu-like symptoms, diagnosis was difficult and almost two months elapsed before small, bipolar, Gram negative rods were discovered in the microbiologist's liver fluid and blood cultures. (globalsecurity.org)
For updated text and symptoms of infectious diseases, see iddx.com. (haz-map.com)
Monkeypox disease symptoms always involve the characteristic rash, regardless of whether there is disseminated rash. (cdc.gov)
The disease was named severe acute respiratory syndrome and included fever, a dry cough, and atypical pneumonia as some of the common clinical symptoms. (usda.gov)
Symptoms of Crohn disease may continue for days or weeks and may resolve without treatment. (merckmanuals.com)

These insects are vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi Chagas, the parasite responsible for Chagas disease. (peerj.com)
Chagas disease is a chronic debilitating disease, prevalent in Latin America, and affecting up to 10 million people worldwide ( Pereira & Navarro, 2013 ). (peerj.com)
American Trypanosomiasis, Chagas Disease: One Hundred Years of Research, Second Edition, provides a comprehensive overview of Chagas disease and discusses the latest discoveries concerning the three elements that compose the transmission chain of the disease, the host, the insect vectors, and the causative parasite. (elsevier.com)
In addition, new insights on the molecular biology and diagnostics of Chagas diseases, the persistence of infections in the host, and the interaction of the parasite and host metabolism are now included in this new and updated edition. (elsevier.com)
Chagas disease , also known as American trypanosomiasis , is a tropical parasitic disease caused by Trypanosoma cruzi . (wikipedia.org)
Early infections are treatable with the medications benznidazole or nifurtimox , which usually cure the disease if given shortly after the person is infected, but become less effective the longer a person has had Chagas disease. (wikipedia.org)
It is estimated that 6.5 million people, mostly in Mexico , Central America and South America , have Chagas disease as of 2019, [1] [3] resulting in approximately 9,490 annual deaths. (wikipedia.org)
[12] Large-scale population migrations have carried Chagas disease to new regions, which include the United States and many European countries. (wikipedia.org)
The disease was first described in 1909 by Brazilian physician Carlos Chagas , after whom it is named. (wikipedia.org)
[1] Chagas disease is classified as a neglected tropical disease . (wikipedia.org)
Chagas disease occurs in two stages: an acute stage, which develops one to two weeks after the insect bite, and a chronic stage, which develops over many years. (wikipedia.org)
Most chronic infections are asymptomatic, which is referred to as indeterminate chronic Chagas disease. (wikipedia.org)

Toulon, France, February 14, 2011 -- Dr Alain Lafeuillade, MD, PhD -a French doctor and researcher working on HIV Reservoirs- launched in 2003 the first international workshop on HIV persistence during therapy. (openpr.com)

In addition to posing a weedy nuisance, volunteer potatoes and tubers that sprout in cull piles can provide a reservoir for pests such as nematodes and crop diseases such as viruses and late blight. (spudman.com)
Contagions are bacteria, viruses, and spores that have the potential to spread disease. (typepad.com)

The primary reservoir of B. burgdorferi is the white-footed mouse. (sunsetlabs.com)
However, L . borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo is the leading global cause of bovine leptospirosis, with cattle serving as the primary reservoir host [ 2 ]. (jgenomics.com)

A previous study in Arsanjan showed that Meriones libycus was the principal reservoir of ZCL in the area [13]. (who.int)

[1] Diagnosis of early disease is by finding the parasite in the blood using a microscope or detecting its DNA by polymerase chain reaction . (wikipedia.org)

The bacteria normally colonise the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract without causing disease. (nsw.gov.au)
COVID-19 is a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that can result in respiratory distress. (cdc.gov)
The disease mainly affects the skin, the peripheral nerves, mucosal surfaces of the upper respiratory tract and the eyes. (who.int)
Anyone can develop legionnaires' disease, however the elderly are most at risk, along with smokers, alcoholics, cancer patients, those with diabetes and chronic respiratory or kidney diseases. (araenvironmental.com)
The clay has been successfully used to treat various diseases of the peripheral nervous system, the respiratory system and the skin. (astanatimes.com)
Older people, and those with underlying medical problems like cardiovascular disease, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and cancer are more likely to develop serious illness. (who.int)

The recriminations of the "Gallic disease" were repeated here, just as a few centuries later were those of the "Spanish" influenza. (ajtmh.org)
1960: In 1960, the US Surgeon General, in response to substantial morbidity and mortality during the 1957-58 pandemic, recommends annual influenza vaccination for people with chronic debilitating disease, people aged 65 years or older, and pregnant women. (cdc.gov)

To configure a simulation with an infectivity reservoir, you must enable the configuration parameter Enable_Infectivity_Reservoir and configure the demographics parameter InfectivityReservoirSize . (idmod.org)
The rate of reservoir-to-human transmission is configured with the parameter InfectivityReservoirSize and human-to-human transmission by the Infectivity and transmission parameters. (idmod.org)

Reservoirs and sources of bacteria associated with HAI exist both in the inanimate and in the animate environments. (researchsquare.com)
Legionella is a pathogenic bacteria that causes the potentially deadly legionnaires' disease and other pneumonia-like illnesses such as Pontiac fever and Lochgoilhead Fever. (araenvironmental.com)
Leptospirosis is a global zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira . (jgenomics.com)

it has been projected that only a 1 C degree increase in spring temperatures could result in a 50% increase in Y pestis prevalence in its reservoir host. (europa.eu)

The reader is referred to the 2014 guidelines published by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) for the treatment of bacillary angiomatosis (see Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America ). (medscape.com)
it's a deadly disease that attacks immune cells called CD-4 cells, creating body vulnerable to infections and alternative diseases. (openpr.com)
[2] [4] Up to 45% of people with chronic infections develop heart disease 10-30 years after the initial illness, which can lead to heart failure . (wikipedia.org)
Obesity is a risk factor for both susceptibility to infections including postoperative infections and other nosocomial infections and the occurrence of a more severe disease course. (hrb.ie)
We are equipped with a fully stocked pharmacy offering prescription medications for heart disease, thyroid disease, allergies, ear infections, skin infections, and pain management. (greendogdental.com)

Between 9 and 47 days post-transplant, terminal analysis shows that while cell-associated SHIV DNA levels are reduced in the blood and in lymphoid organs post-transplant, the SHIV reservoir persists in multiple organs, including the brain. (nih.gov)

Allogeneic transplantation (allo-HCT) has led to the cure of HIV in one individual, raising the question of whether transplantation can eradicate the HIV reservoir. (nih.gov)
GPEI) in 1988 to eradicate the disease by 2000. (who.int)

Cholera is an extremely virulent disease that can cause severe acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration. (who.int)

[4] [16] In rare cases (less than 1-5%), infected individuals develop severe acute disease, which can involve inflammation of the heart muscle , fluid accumulation around the heart , and inflammation of the brain and surrounding tissues , and may be life-threatening. (wikipedia.org)
The severe form of the disease can kill the Equidae victim in a few weeks. (globalsecurity.org)
Adults usually have less severe disease. (merckmanuals.com)
The disease usually resolves spontaneously in adults-mild cases in 4 to 8 days, severe cases in 3 to 6 weeks. (merckmanuals.com)
Heart disease, diabetes, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and obesity are all conditions that increase the risk for severe illness from COVID-19 (7). (cdc.gov)
Schistosoma haematobium causes urogenital schistosomiasis (UGS), a chronic disease characterized by pathology of the urogenital tract leading to potentially severe morbidity for which the treatment is poorly standardized. (bvsalud.org)

The Agency for Toxic Substance and Disease Registry's (ATSDR's) 1996 health consultation of the Lower Watts Bar Reservoir reached a similar conclusion. (cdc.gov)

Generally less than 30% of those infected develop the signs of the disease, but variations are large depending on different epidemiological factors. (who.int)

And why haven't we done it for the many other diseases that plague us, like COVID-19? (acs.org)

Once discovered, reservoirs complete the understanding of any virus's survival strategy. (news-medical.net)

Africa, where the presumed natural reservoirs of the virus exist. (cdc.gov)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a life-threatening disease with high mortality characterized by an abrupt decrease of the kidney glomerular filtration rate, extra-kidney consequences (cardiovascular diseases, lung injury, neurological impairment) and high risk of secondary chronic kidney disease (CKD). (hrb.ie)
Examples of the former include Sin Nombre virus, which first came to light in 1993 as the cause of Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome in the Four Corners area of the United States of America, and Nipah virus, which was first isolated in 1999 as a cause of acute neurological disease in peninsular Malaysia. (who.int)
Leptospirosis is also a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in agricultural livestock animals since infected animals can present with acute disease as well as abortion, reproductive failure and weak offspring [ 2 ]. (jgenomics.com)

Molecular biology in a center specializing in tropical diseases confirmed the diagnosis, allowing prompt and adequate treatment. (bvsalud.org)

Find information on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). (cdc.gov)

With scientific research a coronavirus was isolated, the SARS virus, and associated with the human disease. (usda.gov)

The main reservoirs of Leishmania major are rodents, gerbils, (e.g. (who.int)

Lyme disease, West Nile virus disease, and Valley fever. (cdc.gov)
The geographic ranges where ticks spread Lyme disease, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and spotted fever rickettsiosis have expanded, and experts predict that tickborne diseases will continue to increase and perhaps worsen. (cdc.gov)
Lyme Disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi. (sunsetlabs.com)
Most cases of Lyme disease are in the Northeast and North Central states. (sunsetlabs.com)
Lyme nephritis is a very serious form of the disease. (sunsetlabs.com)

In order to achieve a HIV cure one day, researchers have to understand how this reservoir is established and how it is maintained. (openpr.com)
Researchers around the world are making advances in understanding how HIV becomes latent and seeking out vulnerabilities that could provide routes to targeting reservoirs and eliminating them. (bioworld.com)
So, researchers decided to do a cross-country comparison: mortality from liver disease versus the consumption of pig meat. (nutritionfacts.org)
The cause of Crohn disease is not known for certain, but many researchers believe that a dysfunction of the immune system causes the intestine to overreact to an environmental, dietary, or infectious agent. (merckmanuals.com)

[5] The disease may also be spread through blood transfusion , organ transplantation , consuming food or drink contaminated with the parasites, and vertical transmission (from a mother to her baby). (wikipedia.org)
They also have displaced numerous native birds and been implicated in the transmission of 25 diseases including parrot fever. (scientificamerican.com)
The compartmental model developed graphically represents the MRSA reservoirs and transmission processes. (cdc.gov)
Under climate change scenarios, rodent populations could be anticipated to increase in temperate zones, resulting in greater interaction between human beings and rodents and a higher risk of disease transmission, especially in urban areas. (europa.eu)
Plain old soap and water as it removes the biological that may cause transmission of disease when washing our hands and rinsing down the tub in between pets. (typepad.com)

A component of the sylvatic reservoir system is in NHPs, and as a result of this, yellow fever cannot be eradicated. (elifesciences.org)

Reservoir and Clinch River evaluated many con because of the uncertainties involved in estimat taminants, but identified only PCBs in reservoir ing exposure doses and excess cancer risk from fish as a possible contaminant of current health ingestion of reservoir fish and turtles. (cdc.gov)
Frequent exposure to infectious sources such as food, infected animals, and vectors, or a high rate of person-to-person spread facilitates spread of these diseases. (cdc.gov)
Current and future exposure to site-related chemicals in the off-site area surrounding the Oak Ridge Reservation is not expected to cause adverse health effects, says the public health assessment released by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (cdc.gov)
Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs -- a chemical used as a coolant and lubricant in electrical equipment) from the Oak Ridge Reservation does not pose a public health hazard, says the public health assessment released by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (cdc.gov)
infectious fect our risk of exposure to the infectious agents diseases can and do spread rapidly around the with which we share our environment. (cdc.gov)

C. burnetii is considered a possible bioterrorism agent because it is quite hardy in the environment, infects people who breathe aerosols containing the organism, and has a very low infectious dose (one organism can cause disease in a susceptible person). (cdc.gov)

Cattle act as a reservoir host for L . borgpetersenii serovar Hardjo which colonize the kidneys and reproductive tract from which they are excreted and transmitted to other cattle via urine, semen or uterine discharges. (jgenomics.com)
The virus has coevolved in the bat host reservoir over a long period of time. (wikizero.com)

A central and historic responsibility for the World Health Organization (WHO) has been the management of the global regime for the control of the international spread of disease. (who.int)

Key agenda topics for the meeting include: a presentation by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) of its community health concerns database and its radiation screening process. (cdc.gov)
ATLANTA - The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) released its public health assessment (PHA) of historical air releases from the K-25/S-50 sites at the Oak Ridge Reservation in Tennessee. (cdc.gov)
No public health hazards occurred from past atmospheric releases of ionizing radiation, uranium, fluoride and hydrogen fluoride from the Oak Ridge Gaseous Diffusion Plant (ORGDP) is the conclusion of a public health assessment issued by the federal Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). (cdc.gov)
The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) announced that recently discovered evidence suggests Iodine-131 (I-131) releases occurring between 1944 and 1956 from the X-10 Site at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) did not extend beyond the facility boundary at levels that would constitute a public health hazard. (cdc.gov)

Rabies, one of the oldest known infectious diseases, is nearly 100 percent fatal and continues to cause tens of thousands of human deaths globally. (cdc.gov)
Often acting as primary or secondary invaders, they could inflict a wide array of potentially fatal diseases. (researchsquare.com)

Zoonotic diseases are of particular interest because typically they have not previously been in the human population, making the whole population susceptible. (idmod.org)
Monkeys infected with an emerging malaria strain are providing a reservoir for human disease in Southeast Asia, according to research published today. (medindia.net)
In May 2000, a 33-year old microbiologist at the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), developed a case of laboratory-acquired glanders, the first case of human glanders in the US since 1945. (globalsecurity.org)
We are close to making polio the second human disease to be eradicated, but what will it take to finally consign this killer disease to the history books? (polioeradication.org)
MRSA moves between these reservoirs as a result of human activity, including touching and manipulating contaminated human tissues and objects. (cdc.gov)
Rodents are reservoirs of a number of human diseases. (europa.eu)
However, an increase in disease incidence is also related to a number of other variables such as rodent abatement strategies, human activities, land use, the contribution of each ought to be quantified. (europa.eu)
deadly infectious human disease, smallpox. (researchgate.net)

The study population consisted of leprosy cases in children under 15 years old notified in the Notifiable Diseases Information System, between 2008 and 2018. (scielosp.org)

Sorting of donor-vs.-recipient cells reveals that this reservoir resides in recipient cells. (nih.gov)

BACKGROUND: Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma. (bvsalud.org)
Schistosomiasis is a disease of poverty that leads to chronic ill-health. (who.int)

Anatomy1

Organisms9

Diseases3

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes7

Disciplines and Occupations2

Information Science1

Health Care9

Geographicals1

Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? (1/1741)

Prevalence of enteric hepatitis A and E viruses in the Mekong River delta region of Vietnam. (2/1741)

Serologic evidence for an epizootic dengue virus infecting toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. (3/1741)

Comparison of Ehrlichia muris strains isolated from wild mice and ticks and serologic survey of humans and animals with E. muris as antigen. (4/1741)

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid contents of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from commercial sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: emergence of high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. (5/1741)

Serological evidence of infection with Ehrlichia spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland. (6/1741)

Genetic diversity and distribution of Peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in North America. (7/1741)

Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: rationale, potential, and methods. (8/1741)

Disease Reservoirs

Fresh Water

Rodentia

Zoonoses

Animals, Wild

Phytoplankton

Eutrophication

Cladocera

Virus Latency

Rivers

Water Microbiology

Phylogeny

Rodent Diseases

Chiroptera

Population Density

Zooplankton

Brazil

Seasons

Peromyscus

Water Movements

Hantavirus Infections

Water Supply

Urinary Reservoirs, Continent

Disease Vectors

Hantavirus

Environmental Monitoring

HIV-1

Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Anaplasmosis

Ehrlichiosis

Anaplasma

Ixodes

Ticks

Transmission of epidemic Vibrio cholerae O1 in rural western Kenya associated with drinking water from Lake Victoria: an environmental reservoir for cholera? (1/1741)

Prevalence of enteric hepatitis A and E viruses in the Mekong River delta region of Vietnam. (2/1741)

Serologic evidence for an epizootic dengue virus infecting toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at Polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka. (3/1741)

Comparison of Ehrlichia muris strains isolated from wild mice and ticks and serologic survey of humans and animals with E. muris as antigen. (4/1741)

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid contents of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from commercial sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: emergence of high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin. (5/1741)

Serological evidence of infection with Ehrlichia spp. in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in Switzerland. (6/1741)

Genetic diversity and distribution of Peromyscus-borne hantaviruses in North America. (7/1741)

Long-term studies of hantavirus reservoir populations in the southwestern United States: rationale, potential, and methods. (8/1741)

Persistence of Virus Reservoirs in ART-Treated SHIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques after Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: Climate Change and Risk of Leishmaniasis in North America: Predictions from Ecological Niche...

Relationship of PAN to Active and Total Odd Nitrogen at Northern High Latitudes: Influence of Reservoir Species on NOx and O3 |...

Apodemus Species Mice Are Reservoir Hosts of Borrelia garinii OspA Serotype 4 in Switzerland | Journal of Clinical Microbiology

dict.md | Evolution of the uniquely adaptable lentiviral envelope in a natural reservoir host

Isotopes

4 Treatment and Prevention | Infectious Diseases

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Macherey-Nagel™ Eluent Reservoir Capacity: 1L Macherey-Nagel™ Eluent Reservoir

Gas Reservoir Management - Dhahran

On Robust and Efficient Parallel Reservoir Simulation on Tianhe-2 - OnePetro

ARGOS TECHNOLOGIES Pipetting Reservoir,Basin,25mL,PK100 - 48WG03|B3125-100 - Grainger

Core Laboratories: Reservoir Fluids

Where & What is Your W/C Reservoir Poll

Suggestions for Pump and Reservoir? (Watercooling) | TechPowerUp Forums

Slade Point Reservoir | McElligotts Project Portfolio | Queensland

Skfdia Beckmanulter Reservoir Pt/fib Acl1000 2/pk - Model 18102496

ARGOS TECHNOLOGIES Pipetting Reservoir,White,100mL,PK100 - 48WG09|B3110-100 - Grainger

Call for Paper Vol 10 (1 & 2) 2018

Recent Articles | Innovation, Immunology And Developmental Biology | The Scientist Magazine®

Econo Lodge Inn & Suites Groton (CT) - Hotel Reviews, Photos & Price Comparison - TripAdvisor

Epidermal Langerhans cells are not principal reservoirs of virus in HIV disease<...

An Unexpected Virus Reservoir

Natural reservoir - Wikipedia

Wildlife Reservoirs of Disease and Tuberculosis

Spectroscopy and kinetics of atmospheric reservoir species : HOONO, CH3C(O)OONO2, CH3OOH, AND HOCH2OOH - CaltechTHESIS

Bushmeat Hunting, Deforestation, and Prediction of Zoonotic Disease - Volume 11, Number 12-December 2005 - Emerging Infectious...

Ebola & Pets: Fact versus fiction - Houston Chronicle

ASMscience | Volume 1, Issue 12

Pathology of Trichinosis - Dr Sampurna Roy MD

sep:research:reproducible:cip [Stanford Exploration Project]

sep:research:reproducible:cip

Elocution: Or, Mental and Vocal Philosophy: Involving the Principles of ... - C. P. Bronson - Google Books

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Dream about Grey Squirrel - DreamAboutMeaning

Zoonosenplattform >...

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