Disease outbreaks. Medical search

Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.

Acute illnesses, usually affecting the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, brought on by consuming contaminated food or beverages. Most of these diseases are infectious, caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, or parasites that can be foodborne. Sometimes the diseases are caused by harmful toxins from the microbes or other chemicals present in the food. Especially in the latter case, the condition is often called food poisoning.

The systematic application of information and computer sciences to public health practice, research, and learning.

Infectious diseases that are novel in their outbreak ranges (geographic and host) or transmission mode.

Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.

The use of biological agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of BACTERIA; VIRUSES; or other BIOLOGICAL TOXINS against people, ANIMALS; or PLANTS.

Cultivation of natural faunal resources of water. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Monitoring of information sources of potential value in detecting an emerging epidemic, whether naturally occurring or the result of bioterrorism.

Poisoning caused by ingestion of food harboring species of SALMONELLA. Conditions of raising, shipping, slaughtering, and marketing of domestic animals contribute to the spread of this bacterium in the food supply.

Restriction of freedom of movement of individuals who have been exposed to infectious or communicable disease in order to prevent its spread; a period of detention of vessels, vehicles, or travelers coming from infected or suspected places; and detention or isolation on account of suspected contagion. It includes government regulations on the detention of animals at frontiers or ports of entrance for the prevention of infectious disease, through a period of isolation before being allowed to enter a country. (From Dorland, 28th ed & Black's Veterinary Dictionary, 17th ed)

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

INFLAMMATION of any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM. Causes of gastroenteritis are many including genetic, infection, HYPERSENSITIVITY, drug effects, and CANCER.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food and food products. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms: the presence of various non-pathogenic bacteria and fungi in cheeses and wines, for example, is included in this concept.

Programs of surveillance designed to prevent the transmission of disease by any means from person to person or from animal to man.

Statistical calculations on the occurrence of disease or other health-related conditions in defined populations.

The presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in water. This term is not restricted to pathogenic organisms.

A genus in the family CALICIVIRIDAE, associated with epidemic GASTROENTERITIS in humans. The type species, NORWALK VIRUS, contains multiple strains.

Monitoring of rate of occurrence of specific conditions to assess the stability or change in health levels of a population. It is also the study of disease rates in a specific cohort such as in a geographic area or population subgroup to estimate trends in a larger population. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Notification or reporting by a physician or other health care provider of the occurrence of specified contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV infections to designated public health agencies. The United States system of reporting notifiable diseases evolved from the Quarantine Act of 1878, which authorized the US Public Health Service to collect morbidity data on cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever; each state in the US has its own list of notifiable diseases and depends largely on reporting by the individual health care provider. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)

A statistically significant excess of cases of a disease, occurring within a limited space-time continuum.

Diseases of freshwater, marine, hatchery or aquarium fish. This term includes diseases of both teleosts (true fish) and elasmobranchs (sharks, rays and skates).

Sudden outbreaks of a disease in a country or region not previously recognized in that area, or a rapid increase in the number of new cases of a previous existing endemic disease. Epidemics can also refer to outbreaks of disease in animal or plant populations.

A genus of ruminants in the family Bovidae. The common name chamois usually refers to the species Rupicapra rupicapra. Rupicapra pyrenaica, found in the Pyrenees, is more properly referred to as the Pyrenean chamois.

The killing of animals for reasons of mercy, to control disease transmission or maintain the health of animal populations, or for experimental purposes (ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION).

Contamination of bodies of water (such as LAKES; RIVERS; SEAS; and GROUNDWATER.)

An agency of the UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE that conducts and supports programs for the prevention and control of disease and provides consultation and assistance to health departments and other countries.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.

Examination of foods to assure wholesome and clean products free from unsafe microbes or chemical contamination, natural or added deleterious substances, and decomposition during production, processing, packaging, etc.

A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A system of safety management (abbreviated HACCP) applied mainly to the food industry. It involves the analysis and control of biological, chemical, and physical hazards, from raw material production, procurement and handling, to manufacturing, distribution and consumption of finished products.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

The application of molecular biology to the answering of epidemiological questions. The examination of patterns of changes in DNA to implicate particular carcinogens and the use of molecular markers to predict which individuals are at highest risk for a disease are common examples.

Branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and control of disease and disability, and the promotion of physical and mental health of the population on the international, national, state, or municipal level.

Professionals, technicians, and assistants staffing LABORATORIES.

Means or process of supplying water (as for a community) usually including reservoirs, tunnels, and pipelines and often the watershed from which the water is ultimately drawn. (Webster, 3d ed)

Any aspect of the operations in the preparation, processing, transport, storage, packaging, wrapping, exposure for sale, service, or delivery of food.

An acute, sometimes fatal, pneumonia-like bacterial infection characterized by high fever, malaise, muscle aches, respiratory disorders and headache. It is named for an outbreak at the 1976 Philadelphia convention of the American Legion.

An acute viral infection in humans involving the respiratory tract. It is marked by inflammation of the NASAL MUCOSA; the PHARYNX; and conjunctiva, and by headache and severe, often generalized, myalgia.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens. When transmission is within the same species, the mode can be horizontal or vertical (INFECTIOUS DISEASE TRANSMISSION, VERTICAL).

Intestinal infection with organisms of the genus CRYPTOSPORIDIUM. It occurs in both animals and humans. Symptoms include severe DIARRHEA.

Gel electrophoresis in which the direction of the electric field is changed periodically. This technique is similar to other electrophoretic methods normally used to separate double-stranded DNA molecules ranging in size up to tens of thousands of base-pairs. However, by alternating the electric field direction one is able to separate DNA molecules up to several million base-pairs in length.

Infection of domestic and wild fowl and other BIRDS with INFLUENZA A VIRUS. Avian influenza usually does not sicken birds, but can be highly pathogenic and fatal in domestic POULTRY.

The expected number of new cases of an infection caused by an infected individual, in a population consisting of susceptible contacts only.

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data with the purpose of preventing or controlling disease or injury, or of identifying unusual events of public health importance, followed by the dissemination and use of information for public health action. (From Am J Prev Med 2011;41(6):636)

The gourd plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida. It is sometimes placed in its own order, Cucurbitales. 'Melon' generally refers to CUCUMIS; CITRULLUS; or MOMORDICA.

Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.

The geographical area of Africa comprising BURUNDI; DJIBOUTI; ETHIOPIA; KENYA; RWANDA; SOMALIA; SUDAN; TANZANIA; and UGANDA.

The segregation of patients with communicable or other diseases for a specified time. Isolation may be strict, in which movement and social contacts are limited; modified, where an effort to control specified aspects of care is made in order to prevent cross infection; or reverse, where the patient is secluded in a controlled or germ-free environment in order to protect him or her from cross infection.

Procedures outlined for the care of casualties and the maintenance of services in disasters.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

Field of medicine concerned with the determination of causes, incidence, and characteristic behavior of disease outbreaks affecting human populations. It includes the interrelationships of host, agent, and environment as related to the distribution and control of disease.

Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.

Animals which have become adapted through breeding in captivity to a life intimately associated with humans. They include animals domesticated by humans to live and breed in a tame condition on farms or ranches for economic reasons, including LIVESTOCK (specifically CATTLE; SHEEP; HORSES; etc.), POULTRY; and those raised or kept for pleasure and companionship, e.g., PETS; or specifically DOGS; CATS; etc.

Substances or organisms which pollute the water or bodies of water. Use for water pollutants in general or those for which there is no specific heading.

Domesticated birds raised for food. It typically includes CHICKENS; TURKEYS, DUCKS; GEESE; and others.

A genus of coccidian parasites of the family CRYPTOSPORIDIIDAE, found in the intestinal epithelium of many vertebrates including humans.

Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.

Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties and include the dimension of time in the analysis.

A verocytotoxin-producing serogroup belonging to the O subfamily of Escherichia coli which has been shown to cause severe food-borne disease. A strain from this serogroup, serotype H7, which produces SHIGA TOXINS, has been linked to human disease outbreaks resulting from contamination of foods by E. coli O157 from bovine origin.

Using MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques, such as DNA SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; PULSED-FIELD GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; and DNA FINGERPRINTING, to identify, classify, and compare organisms and their subtypes.

A family of CRUSTACEA, order DECAPODA, comprising the penaeid shrimp. Species of the genus Penaeus are the most important commercial shrimp throughout the world.

Animals considered to be wild or feral or not adapted for domestic use. It does not include wild animals in zoos for which ANIMALS, ZOO is available.

The science dealing with the earth and its life, especially the description of land, sea, and air and the distribution of plant and animal life, including humanity and human industries with reference to the mutual relations of these elements. (From Webster, 3d ed)

Water that is intended to be ingested.

Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.

Techniques which study entities using their topological, geometric, or geographic properties.

Animate or inanimate sources which normally harbor disease-causing organisms and thus serve as potential sources of disease outbreaks. Reservoirs are distinguished from vectors (DISEASE VECTORS) and carriers, which are agents of disease transmission rather than continuing sources of potential disease outbreaks.

Procedures for identifying types and strains of bacteria. The most frequently employed typing systems are BACTERIOPHAGE TYPING and SEROTYPING as well as bacteriocin typing and biotyping.

Treatment of food with physical methods such as heat, high pressure, radiation, or electric current to destroy organisms that cause disease or food spoilage.

The activities and endeavors of the public health services in a community on any level.

Diseases in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Aspects of health and disease related to travel.

Computer systems capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information, i.e. data identified according to their locations.

A class in the phylum CNIDARIA, comprised mostly of corals and anemones. All members occur only as polyps; the medusa stage is completely absent.

Persons including soldiers involved with the armed forces.

Invertebrates or non-human vertebrates which transmit infective organisms from one host to another.

Diseases of birds not considered poultry, therefore usually found in zoos, parks, and the wild. The concept is differentiated from POULTRY DISEASES which is for birds raised as a source of meat or eggs for human consumption, and usually found in barnyards, hatcheries, etc.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.

A viral disorder characterized by high FEVER, dry COUGH, shortness of breath (DYSPNEA) or breathing difficulties, and atypical PNEUMONIA. A virus in the genus CORONAVIRUS is the suspected agent.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic bacteria that is the causative agent of LEGIONNAIRES' DISEASE. It has been isolated from numerous environmental sites as well as from human lung tissue, respiratory secretions, and blood.

Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A commercially important species of SALMON in the family SALMONIDAE, order SALMONIFORMES, which occurs in the North Atlantic.

The concept pertaining to the health status of inhabitants of the world.

Invasion of the host RESPIRATORY SYSTEM by microorganisms, usually leading to pathological processes or diseases.

Management of public health organizations or agencies.

A genus of VIBRIONACEAE, made up of short, slightly curved, motile, gram-negative rods. Various species produce cholera and other gastrointestinal disorders as well as abortion in sheep and cattle.

Instruments or technological means of communication that reach large numbers of people with a common message: press, radio, television, etc.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that utilizes citrate as a sole carbon source. It is pathogenic for humans, causing enteric fevers, gastroenteritis, and bacteremia. Food poisoning is the most common clinical manifestation. Organisms within this genus are separated on the basis of antigenic characteristics, sugar fermentation patterns, and bacteriophage susceptibility.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Virus diseases caused by CALICIVIRIDAE. They include HEPATITIS E; VESICULAR EXANTHEMA OF SWINE; acute respiratory infections in felines, rabbit hemorrhagic disease, and some cases of gastroenteritis in humans.

A species of DNA virus, in the genus WHISPOVIRUS, infecting PENAEID SHRIMP.

A highly contagious infectious disease caused by MORBILLIVIRUS, common among children but also seen in the nonimmune of any age, in which the virus enters the respiratory tract via droplet nuclei and multiplies in the epithelial cells, spreading throughout the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM.

A subtype of INFLUENZA A VIRUS with the surface proteins hemagglutinin 1 and neuraminidase 1. The H1N1 subtype was responsible for the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

A mild, highly infectious viral disease of children, characterized by vesicular lesions in the mouth and on the hands and feet. It is caused by coxsackieviruses A.

Warm-blooded VERTEBRATES possessing FEATHERS and belonging to the class Aves.

The longterm manifestations of WEATHER. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Epidemics of infectious disease that have spread to many countries, often more than one continent, and usually affecting a large number of people.

Number of individuals in a population relative to space.

A province of Canada lying between the provinces of Manitoba and Quebec. Its capital is Toronto. It takes its name from Lake Ontario which is said to represent the Iroquois oniatariio, beautiful lake. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p892 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p391)

The degree of similarity between sequences. Studies of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY and NUCLEIC ACID SEQUENCE HOMOLOGY provide useful information about the genetic relatedness of genes, gene products, and species.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

Large vessels propelled by power or sail used for transportation on rivers, seas, oceans, or other navigable waters. Boats are smaller vessels propelled by oars, paddles, sail, or power; they may or may not have a deck.

An acute diarrheal disease endemic in India and Southeast Asia whose causative agent is VIBRIO CHOLERAE. This condition can lead to severe dehydration in a matter of hours unless quickly treated.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

A general term for diseases produced by viruses.

Respiratory and conjunctival infections caused by 33 identified serotypes of human adenoviruses.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.

A distribution function used to describe the occurrence of rare events or to describe the sampling distribution of isolated counts in a continuum of time or space.

Identification of those persons (or animals) who have had such an association with an infected person, animal, or contaminated environment as to have had the opportunity to acquire the infection. Contact tracing is a generally accepted method for the control of sexually transmitted diseases.

Virus diseases caused by members of the ALPHAVIRUS genus of the family TOGAVIRIDAE.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A specialized agency of the United Nations designed as a coordinating authority on international health work; its aim is to promote the attainment of the highest possible level of health by all peoples.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Infections by bacteria, general or unspecified.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

INFLAMMATION of the LIVER in humans caused by a member of the HEPATOVIRUS genus, HUMAN HEPATITIS A VIRUS. It can be transmitted through fecal contamination of food or water.

A species of ALPHAVIRUS causing an acute dengue-like fever.

The interaction of persons or groups of persons representing various nations in the pursuit of a common goal or interest.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had measles or been immunized with live measles vaccine and have no serum antibodies against measles. Children are usually immunized with measles-mumps-rubella combination vaccine. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Hospital department responsible for the administration and provision of immediate medical or surgical care to the emergency patient.

The pattern of any process, or the interrelationship of phenomena, which affects growth or change within a population.

The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.

A theorem in probability theory named for Thomas Bayes (1702-1761). In epidemiology, it is used to obtain the probability of disease in a group of people with some characteristic on the basis of the overall rate of that disease and of the likelihood of that characteristic in healthy and diseased individuals. The most familiar application is in clinical decision analysis where it is used for estimating the probability of a particular diagnosis given the appearance of some symptoms or test result.

Infectious disease processes, including meningitis, diarrhea, and respiratory disorders, caused by echoviruses.

An acute infectious disease caused by RUBULAVIRUS, spread by direct contact, airborne droplet nuclei, fomites contaminated by infectious saliva, and perhaps urine, and usually seen in children under the age of 15, although adults may also be affected. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Infections with bacteria of the species ESCHERICHIA COLI.

An increased liquidity or decreased consistency of FECES, such as running stool. Fecal consistency is related to the ratio of water-holding capacity of insoluble solids to total water, rather than the amount of water present. Diarrhea is not hyperdefecation or increased fecal weight.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Articles of food which are derived by a process of manufacture from any portion of carcasses of any animal used for food (e.g., head cheese, sausage, scrapple).

A highly fatal, acute hemorrhagic fever, clinically very similar to MARBURG VIRUS DISEASE, caused by EBOLAVIRUS, first occurring in the Sudan and adjacent northwestern (what was then) Zaire.

Infections with bacteria of the genus SALMONELLA.

A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.

Tuberculosis outbreaks in prison housing units for HIV-infected inmates--California, 1995-1996. (1/11802)

During 1995-1996, staff from the California departments of corrections and health services and local health departments investigated two outbreaks of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB). The outbreaks occurred in two state correctional institutions with dedicated HIV housing units. In each outbreak, all cases were linked by IS6110-based DNA fingerprinting of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. This report describes the investigations of both outbreaks; the findings indicated that M. tuberculosis can spread rapidly among HIV-infected inmates and be transmitted to their visitors and prison employees, with secondary spread to the community. (+info)

Role of schools in the transmission of measles in rural Senegal: implications for measles control in developing countries. (2/11802)

Patterns of measles transmission at school and at home were studied in 1995 in a rural area of Senegal with a high level of vaccination coverage. Among 209 case children with a median age of 8 years, there were no deaths, although the case fatality ratio has previously been 6-7% in this area. Forty percent of the case children had been vaccinated against measles; the proportion of vaccinated children was higher among secondary cases (47%) than among index cases (33%) (prevalence ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.76). Vaccinated index cases may have been less infectious than unvaccinated index cases, since they produced fewer clinical cases among exposed children (relative risk = 0.55, 95% CI 0.29-1.04). The secondary attack rate was lower in the schools than in the homes (relative risk = 0.31, 95% CI 0.20-0.49). The school outbreaks were protracted, with 4-5 generations of cases being seen in the two larger schools. Vaccine efficacy was found to be 57% (95% CI -23 to 85) in the schools and 74% (95% CI 62-82) in the residential compounds. Measles infection resulted in a mean of 3.8 days of absenteeism per case, though this did not appear to have an impact on the children's grades. Among the index cases, 56% of children were probably infected by neighbors in the community, and 7% were probably infected at health centers, 13% outside the community, and 24% in one of the three schools which had outbreaks during the epidemic. However, most of the school-related cases occurred at the beginning and therefore contributed to the general propagation of the epidemic. To prevent school outbreaks, it may be necessary to require vaccination prior to school entry and to revaccinate children in individual schools upon detection of cases of measles. Multidose measles vaccination schedules will be necessary to control measles in developing countries. (+info)

I(3/11802)

nvited commentary: vaccine failure or failure to vaccinate? (+info)

W(4/11802)

aning of vaccine-induced immunity: is it a problem in Africa? (+info)

Asthma visits to emergency rooms and soybean unloading in the harbors of Valencia and A Coruna, Spain. (5/11802)

Soybean unloading in the harbor of Barcelona, Spain, has been associated with large increases in the numbers of asthma patients treated in emergency departments between 1981 and 1987. In this study, the association between asthma and soybean unloading in two other Spanish cities, Valencia and A Coruna, was assessed. Asthma admissions were retrospectively identified for the period 1993-1995, and harbor activities were investigated in each location. Two approaches were used to assess the association between asthma and soybean unloading: One used unusual asthma days (days with an unusually high number of emergency room asthma visits) as an effect measure, and the other estimated the relative increase in the daily number of emergency room visits by autoregressive Poisson regression, adjusted for meteorologic variables, seasonality, and influenza incidence. No association between unusual asthma days and soya unloading was observed in either Valencia or A Coruna, except for one particular dock in Valencia. When the association between unloaded products and the daily number of emergency asthma visits was studied, a statistically significant association was observed for unloading of soya husk (relative risk = 1.50, 95% confidence interval 1.16-1.94) and soybeans (relative risk = 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.08-1.59) in A Coruna. In Valencia, a statistical association was found only for the unloading of soybeans at two particular docks. Although these findings support the notion that asthma outbreaks are not a common hidden condition in most harbors where soybeans are unloaded, the weak associations reported are likely to be causal. Therefore, appropriate control measures should be implemented to avoid soybean dust emissions, particularly in harbors with populations living in the vicinity. (+info)

The European mesothelioma epidemic. (6/11802)

Projections for the period 1995-2029 suggest that the number of men dying from mesothelioma in Western Europe each year will almost double over the next 20 years, from 5000 in 1998 to about 9000 around 2018, and then decline, with a total of about a quarter of a million deaths over the next 35 years. The highest risk will be suffered by men born around 1945-50, of whom about 1 in 150 will die of mesothelioma. Asbestos use in Western Europe remained high until 1980, and substantial quantities are still used in several European countries. These projections are based on the fit of a simple age and birth cohort model to male pleural cancer mortality from 1970 to 1989 for six countries (Britain, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands and Switzerland) which together account for three-quarters of the population of Western Europe. The model was tested by comparing observed and predicted numbers of deaths for the period 1990-94. The ratio of mesothelioma to recorded pleural cancer mortality has been 1.6:1 in Britain but was assumed to be 1:1 in other countries. (+info)

A multistate, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A. National Hepatitis A Investigation Team. (7/11802)

BACKGROUND: We investigated a large, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A that occurred in February and March 1997 in Michigan and then extended the investigation to determine whether it was related to sporadic cases reported in other states among persons who had consumed frozen strawberries, the food suspected of causing the outbreak. METHODS: The cases of hepatitis A were serologically confirmed. Epidemiologic studies were conducted in the two states with sufficient numbers of cases, Michigan and Maine. Hepatitis A virus RNA detected in clinical specimens was sequenced to determine the relatedness of the virus from outbreak-related cases and other cases. RESULTS: A total of 213 cases of hepatitis A were reported from 23 schools in Michigan and 29 cases from 13 schools in Maine, with the median rate of attack ranging from 0.2 to 14 percent. Hepatitis A was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries in a case-control study (odds ratio for the disease, 8.3; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 33) and a cohort study (relative risk of infection, 7.5; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.1 to 53) in Michigan and in a case-control study in Maine (odds ratio for infection, 3.4; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.0 to 14). The genetic sequences of viruses from 126 patients in Michigan and Maine were identical to one another and to those from 5 patients in Wisconsin and 7 patients in Arizona, all of whom attended schools where frozen strawberries from the same processor had been served, and to those in 2 patients from Louisiana, both of whom had consumed commercially prepared products containing frozen strawberries from the same processor. CONCLUSIONS: We describe a large outbreak of hepatitis A in Michigan that was associated with the consumption of frozen strawberries. We found apparently sporadic cases in other states that could be linked to the same source by viral genetic analysis. (+info)

A community outbreak of invasive and non-invasive group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal disease in a town in South Wales. (8/11802)

An increase in the incidence of invasive and non-invasive infections caused by group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GAS) was noted in and around the town of Glynneath (population approx. 4000) in West Glamorgan, South Wales between 1 January and 30 June 1995. A total of 133 cases was ascertained with 127 (96%) occurring between 1 March and 30 June 1995. Six patients had invasive disease (one died) and all presented at the peak of the outbreak. There were 127 non-invasive cases of whom 7 were hospitalized. The outbreak was investigated to determine its extent and whether it was caused by a single M-serotype of GAS. Serotyping showed that 13 different M-serotypes were involved with the M1 serotype predominating. The overall incidence of GAS invasive disease in West Glamorgan (population 365,000) increased sevenfold from a crude incidence of 0.5/10(5) per year in 1994 to 3.5/10(5) per year in 1995, but fell back to 0.75/10(5) per year in 1996. Eighty-two (80%) out of 102 individuals affected by GAS replied to a health questionnaire; sore throat was the commonest symptom reported (97%). Thirty-nine of these index cases identified at least one other member of their household who had experienced similar symptoms. The interval between the onset of illness in members of a single household was 0-83 days with a mean of 22 days. The mean duration of illness was 13.5 days and 61% of patients were treated with penicillin V for a mean duration of 9.3 days. Twenty-one per cent of GAS isolates were erythromycin-resistant and the M4 and M6 serotypes were especially resistant to erythromycin (87.5 and 100% resistance, respectively). Penicillin V failed to eradicate GAS from the throats of 25% of assessable patients. In this community, an outbreak of non-invasive disease caused by GAS was linked in time and place with an outbreak of serious invasive disease. (+info)

Recorded outbreaks[edit]. Marburg virus disease (MVD) outbreaks due to Marburg virus (MARV) infection Year Geographic location ... "Marburg virus disease - Uganda Disease outbreak news". October 25, 2017.. *^ Pringle, C. R. (2005). "Order Mononegavirales". In ... Human disease[edit]. Main article: Marburg virus disease. MARV is one of two Marburg viruses that causes Marburg virus disease ... US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). "Bioterrorism Agents/Diseases". Archived from the original on 2014-07-22. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marburg_virus

All human societies have medical beliefs - birth, death, disease and cures are explained in some manner. Historically, ... History of emerging infectious diseases. *Encyclopaedia of the History of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western ... Disease outbreaks‎ (12 C, 7 P). P. *. ► History of pharmacy‎ (6 C, 49 P) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:History_of_medicine

"Bat-transmitted Human Rabies Outbreaks, Brazilian Amazon". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 12 (8): 1197-1202. doi:10.3201/ ... It is believed that civilization was later devastated by the spread of diseases from Europe, such as smallpox.[30] This ... There are also numerous parasites and disease vectors. Vampire bats dwell in the rainforest and can spread the rabies virus.[47 ... During the Amazon rubber boom it is estimated that diseases brought by immigrants, such as typhus and malaria, killed 40,000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_Rainforest

However, the disease has continued to spread; outbreaks were reported in Asia again in 2003. On December 21, 2009 the WHO ... Exotic Animal Disease Generic Contingency Plan - DEFRA generic contingency plan for controlling and eradicating an outbreak of ... This panzootic (a disease affecting animals of many species, especially over a wide area) outbreak was stopped by the killing ... Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy Avian Influenza (Bird Flu): Implications for Human Disease - An overview of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H5n1

"Recent Outbreaks". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). June 16, 2016. Retrieved September 18, 2016. v t e v t e. ... "Multistate Outbreak of Infections Caused by Elizabethkingia anophelis". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). March ... An outbreak centered in Wisconsin began in early November 2015, with 48 people confirmed infected in 12 counties and at least ... E. anophelis has been reported to cause neonatal meningitis in the Central African Republic, and a nosocomial outbreak has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabethkingia_anophelis

"Infectious disease outbreaks reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in 2018 , News , Epidemic and pandemic diseases". www ... Epidemic and pandemic-prone diseases Infectious disease outbreaks reported in the Eastern Mediterranean Region in 2018 See 8. ... About 35% of those who are diagnosed with the disease die from it. Larger outbreaks have occurred in South Korea in 2015 and in ... "MERS Clinical Features". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2 August 2019. Retrieved 16 April 2020. "MERS outbreaks". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome

"Ash disease outbreaks in Northern Ireland stand at 16". BBC News. 4 December 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2013.. ... Comparisons have been made to the outbreak of Dutch elm disease in the 1960s and 1970s.[41] In 2012 it was estimated that up to ... A Lithuanian trial searching for disease-resistance resulted in the selection of fifty disease-resistant trees for the ... "Ash dieback disease: Survey of Scottish tree stocks launched". BBC News. 4 November 2012. Retrieved 5 November 2012.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenoscyphus_fraxineus

As such, fire and disease outbreaks were constant concerns. Since the late 1990s, Saudi authorities have started using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tent_city

Financial cutbacks have limited the tracking of disease outbreaks. Some outbreaks, such as food poisoning due to E. coli or ... Biosurveillance is the science of real-time disease outbreak detection. Its principles apply to both natural and man-made ... Real-time Outbreak and Disease Surveillance Laboratory, archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-03, retrieved 2009-05-22. ... Real-Time Outbreak Disease Surveillance). RODS is designed to draw collect data from many data sources and use them to perform ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bio-defense

"Investigating Foodborne Outbreaks". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 15 September 2011. Archived from the original ... Major modern diseases such as Ebola virus disease and salmonellosis are zoonoses. HIV was a zoonotic disease transmitted to ... Many modern diseases, even epidemic diseases, started out as zoonotic diseases. It is hard to establish with certainty which ... Most human diseases originated in animals; however, only diseases that routinely involve non-human to human transmission, such ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoonosis

"Measles Cases and Outbreaks". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 6 January 2020. Archived from the original on 1 ... In populations not exposed to measles, exposure to the new disease can be devastating. In 1529, a measles outbreak in Cuba ... Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC) (February 2008). "Multistate measles outbreak associated with an international ... Howard J, Goldschmidt D (24 April 2019). "US measles outbreak is largest since disease was declared eliminated in 2000". CNN. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles

... such as heart disease, diabetes, kidney disease, respiratory disease, the immunosuppressed, and the elderly, avoid any close ... Roos R (17 April 2014). "MERS outbreaks grow; Malaysian case had camel link". Retrieved 22 April 2014. "Camels May Transmit New ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) list MERS as transmissible from human to human. They state that "MERS-CoV ... None of the camels showed any sign of disease when the samples were collected. The Qatar Supreme Council of Health advised in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome–related_coronavirus

Valley fever outbreak[edit]. An unusual effect of the Northridge earthquake was an outbreak of coccidioidomycosis (Valley fever ... This respiratory disease is caused by inhaling airborne spores of fungus. The 203 cases reported, of which three resulted in ... "Coccidioidmycosis Outbreak". USGS Landslide Hazards Program. Archived from the original on 2014-02-02.. ... This was the first report of such an outbreak following an earthquake, and it is believed that the spores were carried in large ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northridge_earthquake

Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreaks due to Sudan virus (SUDV) infection Year Geographic location Human cases/deaths (case- ... Disease[edit]. SUDV is one of four ebolaviruses that causes Ebola virus disease (EVD) in humans (in the literature also often ... see Ebola virus disease). In the past, SUDV has caused the following EVD outbreaks:[citation needed] ... "Ebola outbreak: DR Congo confirms two deaths". BBC. 2014-08-24.. *^ Towner, J. S.; Amman, B. R.; Sealy, T. K.; Carroll, S. A. R ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan_virus

Outbreaks of disease may occur in childcare settings and schools. It is also relatively common among travelers. In the United ... vaccination to prevent the disease should be feasible. Shigellosis is resistant to many antibiotics used to treat the disease, ... US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Shigella - Shigellosis". Archived from the original on 24 July 2016. Retrieved ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Archived from the original on 8 February 2016. Christopher, Prince RH; David, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shigellosis

As outbreaks easily occur in under-vaccinated populations, non-prevalence of disease is seen as a test of sufficient ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (July 2007). "Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 2007". MMWR. ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (1994). "Summary of notifiable diseases, United States, 1993". MMWR. Morbidity ... Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (13th ed.). Washington D.C.: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles_vaccine

"Myrtle Rust National Host List". National pests & disease outbreaks. Archived from the original on 1 February 2012. Retrieved ... A Disease with the Potential for Serious International Implications". Plant Disease. 82 (7): 819-825. doi:10.1094/PDIS.1998.82. ... Initially, the disease appears as small purple or red brown flecks with a faint chlorotic halo on the leaf surface, which ... "Serious fungal plant disease found on Raoul Island trees". 4 April 2017. Archived from the original on 4 January 2021. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austropuccinia_psidii

The last major outbreak was before the disease was eliminated, and occurred from 1989 to 1991. During this outbreak, 123 people ... "US measles outbreak is largest since disease was declared eliminated in 2000". CNN. Retrieved April 24, 2019. "New York City ... During the early stage of an outbreak in an unvaccinated population, each infected person spreads the disease to an average of ... "Measles Outbreaks and Cases". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). August 26, 2019. Retrieved August 30, 2019. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measles_resurgence_in_the_United_States

... previously known as Australian encephalitis or Australian X disease). In humans, it can cause permanent neurological disease or ... These outbreaks can be "...decades apart, with no or very few cases identified in between". MVEV is a mosquito-borne virus that ... When a patient appears to show MVE symptoms and has been in an MVE-endemic area during the wet season, when outbreaks usually ... Of those who contract MVE, one-quarter die from the disease. The scientific study of the genetics of MVEV has been facilitated ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_Valley_encephalitis_virus

Australia has had three outbreaks of citrus canker, all of which have been successfully eradicated. The disease was found twice ... Beyond Florida, the disease was discovered in the Gulf states and reached as far north as South Carolina. It took more than 20 ... The disease can be detected in groves and on fruit by the appearance of lesions. Early detection is critical in quarantine ... The disease, which is believed to have originated in Southeast Asia, is extremely persistent when it becomes established in an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citrus_canker

Disease outbreaks occurred afterwards. Reports of snowfall and unusual cold also came from the Yangtze River valley, and summer ... The city of Arequipa went from being a relatively wealthy city to be a place of famine and disease in the years after the ... Scotland saw the failure of barley and oat crops in 1602 and a plague outbreak during the preceding year, and in Italy silk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huaynaputina

For example, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (9 April 2010). "2009 H1N1 Flu:Situation Update". Centers for Disease ... The initial outbreak of a novel swine-origin H1N1 flu pandemic in 2009 and the virus strain that caused it were called by many ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 21 April 2009. MacKenzie, Debora (27 May 2009). "Deadly new flu virus in US and ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. May 8, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-08. "Some immunity to novel H1N1 flu found in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandemic_H1N1/09_virus

Qureshi, Adnan (2016). Ebola Virus Disease: From Origin to Outbreak. London: Academic Press. p. 62. ISBN 0128042303.. ... The 1972 outbreak of smallpox in Yugoslavia was the final outbreak of smallpox in Europe. The WHO fought the outbreak with ... "Regulations to control communicable diseases". gpo.gov. Retrieved 30 Oct 2014.. *^ "Specific Laws and Regulations Governing the ... however its marine hospital only qualified as a contagious disease facility to handle less virulent diseases like measles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quarantine

"PH declares polio outbreak as disease returns after 19 years". Rappler. Manila, Philippines. Retrieved 22 September 2019.. ... "Manual for the Surveillance of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases (5th Edition, 2012). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ... Poliomyelitis has existed for thousands of years, with depictions of the disease in ancient art.[1] The disease was first ... The disease may be diagnosed by finding the virus in the feces or detecting antibodies against it in the blood.[1] The disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poliomyelitis

Ellis, John A. (2006). "Outbreak! How can we approach emerging diseases?" (PDF). Proceedings of the North American Veterinary ... This causes a much more severe disease than either virus can separately. However, fatal intestinal disease associated with ... The disease is highly contagious and is spread through the feces of infected dogs, who usually shed the virus for six to nine ... Intestinal disease may be related to virus-induced apoptosis (programmed cell death) of cells of the epithelial mucosa of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canine_coronavirus

"High consequence infectious diseases (HCID); Guidance and information about high consequence infectious diseases and their ... Oman recorded more than 1,000 new cases in a single since the beginning of the outbreak on 31 May, the record being 1,014. At ... The Minister of Health, Dr Ahmed al Saeedi stated the same day that the sultanate could reach the peak of the outbreak during ... The country recorded the highest single day increase in cases since the beginning of the outbreak on 22 June, with a total of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Oman

Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and that the disease was probably Weil's disease, or hepatitis ... New York doctors finally admitted that they had had an outbreak of yellow fever in 1791 that killed more than 100 people. All ... The hope offered by any of these treatments was soon dashed when it became clear that they did not cure the disease, and the ... Devèze had arrived on the refugee ship from Saint-Domingue, which many accused of having carried the disease, but he thought it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793_Philadelphia_yellow_fever_epidemic

In July 1970, there was an outbreak in Odessa and in 1972 there were reports of outbreaks in Baku, but the Soviet Union ... Symptoms of the disease appear between 12 hours and 5 days of infection, however, only 10% of infected people show severe ... This outbreak lasted 2 weeks, infecting 582 persons with 79 deaths (17% mortality). By August, the outbreak had reached ... experienced outbreaks. The west-African outbreak of cholera during 1970-1971 infected more than 400,000 persons. Africa carried ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1961–1975_cholera_pandemic

Originally a disease of fowl in Europe, it was first recorded in North America in 1943-44. Since then outbreaks have been ... Journal of Wildlife Diseases. 42: 81-91. *^ K.R. Rhoades and R.B. Rimler, Avian pasteurellosis, in "Diseases of poultry", ed. ... Outbreaks occur in cold and wet weather (in late summer, fall and winter). The outbreaks are often traced back to the presence ... Persistence of Pasteurella multocida in Wetlands Following Avian Cholera Outbreaks. Journal of Wildlife Disease. 42: 33-39 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avian_hemorrhagic_septicemia

... the linking of human disease outbreaks to locust plagues was widespread. A pestilence in the northwestern provinces of China in ... The outbreak was contained and the elephants, hippopotamuses, and giraffes present in the area were unharmed.[40] ... The first outbreaks occurred in Mauritania, Mali, Niger, and Sudan in 2003. The rain allowed swarms to develop and move north ... "The Desert Locust Outbreak in West Africa". OECD. 23 September 2004. Retrieved 3 July 2015.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locusts

"Ash disease outbreaks in Northern Ireland stand at 16". BBC News. 4 December 2012. Retrieved 12 January 2013.. ... Comparisons have been made to the outbreak of Dutch elm disease in the 1960s and 1970s.[38] Currently it is estimated that ... A Lithuanian trial searching for disease-resistance resulted in the selection of fifty disease-resistant trees for the ... Hymenoscyphus fraxineus is an Ascomycete fungus that causes ash dieback, a chronic fungal disease of ash trees in Europe ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hymenoscyphus_pseudoalbidus

Inter-Agency Task Force for the Management of Emerging Infectious Diseases (Philippines) ... Outbreak Management Team (Netherlands). *COVID-19 Solidarity Response Fund. *Defeat COVID-19 Ad Hoc Committee ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:COVID-19

Higurashi no Naku Koro ni Kaku: Outbreak (2013). *Hiiro no Kakera Taizen: Totsugeki! Tonari no Ikemens (2012) ... Young Disease Outburst Boy (2019). *The Seven Deadly Sins: Wrath of the Gods (2019-2020) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria-sama_ga_Miteru

For more about specific outbreaks, see List of Ebola outbreaks.. The disease typically occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions ... "Outbreaks Chronology: Ebola Virus Disease". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).gov. Archived from the original on ... "Ebola virus disease - Democratic Republic of the Congo - Disease outbreak news: Update 6 June 2019". World Health Organization ... "Ebola Virus Disease". SRHD. Retrieved 15 September 2020.. *^ a b c d "Q&A on Transmission, Ebola". Centers for Disease Control ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebola_virus_disease

Diseases and parasitesEdit. The black wildebeest is particularly susceptible to anthrax, and rare and widely scattered ... Repeated outbreaks of mange (scab) have led to large-scale extinctions.[2] The first study of the protozoa in blue and black ... Malignant catarrhal fever is a fatal disease of domestic cattle caused by a gammaherpesvirus. Like the blue wildebeest, the ... Wild individuals can be competitors of commercial livestock, and can transmit fatal diseases such as rinderpest, and cause ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_wildebeest

This article is about a skin disease common during adolescence. For other acneiform skin diseases, see Acne (disambiguation). ... Vitamin B12 may trigger skin outbreaks similar to acne (acneiform eruptions), or worsen existing acne when taken in doses ... Disease Primers. 1: 15033. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2015.33. PMID 27227877.. *^ a b "Frequently Asked Questions: Acne" (PDF). U.S. ... Acne, also known as acne vulgaris, is a long-term skin disease that occurs when dead skin cells and oil from the skin clog hair ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Emerging Infectious Diseases, Vol. 11, No. 4, April 2005: Bed Bug Infestations in an Urban Environment, Stephen W. Hwang, ... "Bedbugs Bounce Back: Outbreaks inall 50 states". *Fox News, 15 January 2007: "Lawyer Sues London Hotel, Claims Bedbugs ...

https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/ছারপোকা

Graft-versus-host disease[edit]. Main article: Graft-versus-host disease. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is an inflammatory ... are quite effective in prevention of HSCT-related outbreak of herpetic infection in seropositive patients.[33] The ... Veno-occlusive disease[edit]. Severe liver injury can result from hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD). Elevated levels of ... Major complications are veno-occlusive disease, mucositis, infections (sepsis), graft-versus-host disease and the development ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bone_Marrow_Transplant

Inggris) E. coli Outbreak From Fresh Spinach - U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ... Inggris) FDA information on the Spinach and E. coli Outbreak. *( ... Inggris) Investigation of a UK outbreak by Brian Deer. *( ...

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escherichia_coli

By 1682, when William Penn arrived to his American commonwealth, the Lenape had been so reduced by disease, famine, and war ... shortly before the outbreak of the French and Indian War (a part of the Seven Years' War in Europe). ... as the diseases had arisen on the Asian continent and moved west into Europe, where they had become endemic in the cities. ... due to high fatalities from epidemics of infectious diseases carried by Europeans, such as measles and smallpox, to which they ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leni_Lenape

The disease is most common in native laborers and in schoolchildren of the tropics and subtropics during the rainy season and ... Sometimes outbreaks can occur; one was recorded in Tanzania in sugarcane workers cutting the crops while barefoot. Tropical ... In some of these countries, such as northern Papua New Guinea, it is the most common skin disease. It is also a frequent ... Tropical ulcer has been described as a disease of the 'poor and hungry'; it may be that slowly improving socioeconomic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical_ulcer

2018 Outbreak[edit]. An outbreak of Lassa fever occurred in Nigeria during 2018 and spread to 18 of the country's states; it ... "PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 6 (9): e1839. doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001839. PMC 3459880 . PMID 23029594.. ... Descriptions of the disease date from the 1950s.[1] The virus was first described in 1969 from a case in the town of Lassa, in ... The disease is usually initially spread to people via contact with the urine or feces of an infected multimammate rat.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lassa_fever

First, the winter rice crop was afflicted by a severe outbreak of fungal brown spot disease. Then, on 16-17 October a cyclone ... disease had become the most common cause of death.[205] Disease-related mortality then continued to take its toll through early ... and provided a more hospitable environment for water-borne diseases such as cholera and malaria. Such diseases clustered around ... Famine, disease, and the death tollEdit. Conditions drifted towards famine at different rates in different Bengal districts. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal_famine_of_1943

270) were outbreaks of two different diseases, one of smallpox and one of measles but not necessarily in that order. The severe ... "There is not enough evidence satisfactorily to identify the disease or diseases", concluded J. F. Gilliam in his summary (1961 ... As the disease swept north to the Rhine, it also infected Germanic and Gallic peoples outside the empire's borders. For years, ... Rats, Lice and History: A Chronicle of Disease, Plagues, and Pestilence (1935). Reprinted by Black Dog & Leventhal Publishers, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonine_Plague

... "first severe new disease of the 21st century." She observed that the two new diseases WHO is dealing with in 2013 are the novel ... Following the 2012 MERS outbreak, Saudi Arabia Deputy Minister of Health Ziad Memish raised concerns that scientists who ... Enhanced global actions for the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases, endorsed in 2011[8] ... DGWHO Margaret Chan traced a brief history of revisions to the International Health Regulations following the SARS outbreak in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Health_Assembly

Often larvae can survive through much of their crop consumption despite outbreaks of disease, because of the larva's fast life ... "Pests and Diseases". Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original on 1 February 2019. Retrieved 15 February 2019.. ... Parasites and disease[edit]. Fifty-three different parasite species have been discovered in fall armyworm larvae, spanning ten ... Outbreaks of the true armyworm usually occur during the early part of the summer; the fall armyworm does most damage in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_armyworm

"Ebola outbreak Alert and response operations Diseases Biorisk reduction Yellow fever : a current threat". WHO. Archived from ... Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and the disease was probably Weil's disease or hepatitis. See: ... The disease seems to have disappeared, with the next outbreak occurring in 1849. It was likely introduced with the importation ... The first definitive outbreak of yellow fever in the New World was in 1647 on the island of Barbados.[66] An outbreak was ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever

"OIE Listed Diseases and Other Diseases of Importance" (PDF). Terrestrial Manual. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on ... ETO is the only low-temperature sterilant to stop outbreaks on these instruments.[17] In contrast, "high level disinfection" ... Examples of bacteria having terminal endospores include Clostridium tetani, the pathogen that causes the disease tetanus. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_spore

On 31 May 1940, following the outbreak of World War II, Gorton enlisted in the Royal Australian Air Force Reserve.[13] At the ... his mother contracted tuberculosis and was sent to a sanatorium to avoid passing on the disease. She died in September 1920, ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gorton

Yarmouth, Cumberland County (removed in 2010 due to Dutch elm disease) 244 inches (620 cm) 110 feet (34 m) 129 feet (39 m) 386 ... Having abandoned their original village in 1286 after cholera outbreaks, the villagers re-founded it in the hills where a young ... Main Street, Old Deerfield, Franklin County (removed in 2017 due to Dutch elm disease) 230.4 inches (585 cm) 104.4 feet (31.8 m ... "Historic Preston Park Twin to be felled following elm disease infection". Brighton and Hove City Council. 4 July 2019. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_elm_trees

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention believed at the time that Speaker was suffering from extensively drug-resistant ... Progress of the SARS outbreak for a comparison to the last news-worthy international quarantining incident, 2002-2004 Border ... It was reported that Speaker's father-in-law, Robert C. Cooksey, works for the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2007-06-03. "Odd twist in TB alert: Patient is TB researcher's son-in-law ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007_tuberculosis_scare

Invasive exotic diseasesEdit. History is rife with the spread of exotic diseases, such as the introduction of smallpox into the ... 1999). "Origin of the West Nile virus responsible for an outbreak of encephalitis in the northeastern United States". Science. ... Diseases may also be vectored by invasive insects such as the Asian citrus psyllid and the bacterial disease citrus greening.[ ... Another example is the Dutch elm disease, which has severely reduced the American elm trees in forests and cities.[citation ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species

"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005-10-13. Archived from the original on 2008-11-14. Retrieved 2008-10-20.. ... biosecurity procedures and other important steps to ensure that should an outbreak from eggs occur, the traceback would ... A 2004 study of California egg farms in the journal Avian Diseases finds comparatively low Salmonella prevalence in indoor ... Their claim about salmonella cases linked to California eggs is supported by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/California_Proposition_2_

Mitchell misdiagnosed the disease that he observed and treated, and that the disease was probably Weil's disease, or hepatitis ... Barnard, Bryn (2005). Outbreak! Plagues That Changed History. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-375-82986-4. .. ... Webster, Noah, A Brief History of Epidemic Disease, 1798. *^ LaRoche, Yellow Fever, considered in its historical, pathological ... Devèze, Jean (1794). An Inquiry into and Observations upon the Causes and Effects of the Epidemic Disease Which Raged in ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1793_Philadelphia_yellow_fever_epidemic

The disease in question was either dysentery or typhus; Riley-Smith 2005, pp. 210-211 ... but the marriage was delayed by the outbreak of war.[106] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Edward_I_of_England

These drugs can cause cancer and other health conditions.[17] Healthcare workers are also at risk for diseases that are ... such as the 2014-2016 West African Ebola virus epidemic or the 2003 SARS outbreak, healthcare workers are at even greater risk ... Exposure to respiratory infectious diseases like tuberculosis (caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and influenza can be ... Additional evaluation for TB disease as needed (e.g. chest x-ray for HCP with a positive TB test)[31] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_professional

... was first discovered after an outbreak of a mystery disease on Palm Island in Australia.[38] The outbreak was traced back to a ... Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease.[3] There is also an interest in the military potential of biological neurotoxins ... "Neurobiology of Disease. 25 (2): 360-366. doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2006.10.002. PMC 3959771. PMID 17098435.. ... Byth S (July 1980). "Palm Island mystery disease". The Medical Journal of Australia. 2 (1): 40, 42. PMID 7432268.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotoxin

... it may originate from the disease of psittacosis, which can be passed to humans.[121][122] The first occurrence of a related ... following years of campaigning by NGOs and outbreaks of avian flu, the European Union (EU) halted the importation of all wild ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psittaciformes

On the outbreak of war in August 1914, the 1st Battalion of the WIR was stationed in Freetown where it had been based for two ... The WIR soldiers became a valued part of the British forces garrisoning the West Indies, where losses from disease and climate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_India_Regiment

CDC is investigating an outbreak of e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (EVALI). Learn CDCs ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC twenty four seven. Saving Lives, Protecting People ... About the Outbreak:. *As of February 18, 2020, a total of 2,807 hospitalized EVALI cases or deaths have been reported to CDC ... Outbreak of Lung Injury Associated with E-cigarette Use, or Vapingplus icon*For Healthcare Providers ...

https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/basic_information/e-cigarettes/severe-lung-disease.html

Procedures currently used by the CDC to process environmental samples obtained during investigations of legionellosis outbreaks ... Unexplained Respiratory Disease Outbreaks (URDO). *European Legionnaires Disease Surveillance Network (ELDSNet)External. ... Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever outbreaks occur when two or more people are exposed to Legionella in the same place and ... Legionnaires disease and Pontiac fever outbreaks can be difficult to identify. Sometimes people travel to a common location, ...

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Latest Disease outbreaks News. Texas testing drops as schools reopen, prepare for football. Aug. 15, 2020 11:52 AM EDT ... A report by the National Institute for Communicable Diseases indicates the association but doesnt go into detail. South... ...

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Latest Disease outbreaks News. Moscow orders new restrictions as COVID-19 infections soar. Jun. 12, 2021 09:35 AM EDT ...

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Look up disease outbreak in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.. *Plague of Suspicion, audio hour on media coverage of outbreaks ... Outbreaks include epidemics, which term is normally only used for infectious diseases, as well as diseases with an ... In epidemiology, an outbreak is a sudden increase in occurrences of a disease in a particular time and place. It may affect a ... Outbreak legislation[edit]. Outbreak legislation is still in its infancy and not many countries have had a direct and complete ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outbreak

Epidemiologists know that disease outbreaks change mobility patterns, but until now have been unable to track these patterns in ... He saw a clear reduction in peoples movement, which may have been due to the disease. But the outbreak was caused by floods, ... YOUR cellphone could be a key tool in the fight against disease by relaying a telltale signature of illness to doctors and ... Public health officials could also use the technique to spot emerging outbreaks of illness ahead of conventional detection ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20827824-800-cellphones-reveal-emerging-disease-outbreaks/

How common are waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water in the United States, and what are the most commonly ... CDC collects data on waterborne disease outbreaks submitted from all states and territories through the National Outbreak ... and factors leading to waterborne disease outbreaks. Outbreaks are assigned one or more deficiency classifications based on ... Table 1. Waterborne disease outbreaks associated with drinking water (N = 42), by state/jurisdiction and month of first case ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/888386

Infectious diseases, from antibiotic-resistant superbugs to Salmonella to the seasonal flu, threaten the health and well-being ... The Outbreaks: Protecting Americans from Infectious Diseases report by Trust for Americas Health (TFAH) and the Robert Wood ... and treat infectious disease outbreaks because of outdated systems and limited resources. ... Infectious diseases, from antibiotic-resistant superbugs to Salmonella to the seasonal flu, threaten the health and well-being ...

https://www.rwjf.org/en/library/research/2013/12/outbreaks--protecting-americans-from-infectious-disease-2013.html

... told the NewsHour outbreaks of disease could quickly exacerbate problems for already overwhelmed emergency health facilities in ... Haiti at Risk for Disease Outbreaks. Health Jan 14, 2010 1:49 PM EST Treating the injured is still the first priority in Port ... "If we allow [disease outbreaks] to happen on a large scale it will be very hard to control," he said. ... told the NewsHour outbreaks of disease could quickly exacerbate problems for already overwhelmed emergency health facilities in ...

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/health/haiti-at-risk-for-disease-outbreaks

... like these five diseases which have accounted for some of the scariest and deadliest outbreaks. ... Population rise is likely to increase the rate of outbreaks of new infectious diseases, ...

https://www.livescience.com/41478-scariest-disease-outbreaks.html

... By Thomas Lifson. There are serious worries in Texas and beyond over the ... Agents are worrying about a viral outbreak.. "We are sending people everywhere. The average person doesnt know whats going on ... Agents are worrying about a viral outbreak.. "We are sending people everywhere. The average person doesnt know whats going on ... "Theres been an outbreak of scabies thats been going on for the past month," Cabrera said. ...

https://www.americanthinker.com/blog/2014/06/illegal_immigrant_flood_bringing_disease_outbreaks.html

EMSL Analytical provides Legionella testing solutions to help prevent outbreaks of the deadly disease caused by the waterborne ... Legionnaires disease U.S.. Legionella test solutions. international conference. CDC waterborne disease. deadly bacteria flu- ... Six of the sick people have been diagnosed with Legionnaires disease from the July 12th to the 24th outbreak at the base. ... EMSL Analytical provides Legionella testing solutions to help prevent outbreaks of the deadly disease caused by the waterborne ...

https://www.webwire.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=121375

... the number of disease outbreaks has increased, as has the number of diseases causing them - infections from animals are a big ... Only some of the increase seems to be down to improved reporting of disease. "We see more outbreaks over time, even after ... The number of diseases causing those outbreaks has also increased - by about 20 per cent. ... The team developed software to extract quantitative disease information from the records of more than 12,000 outbreaks of 215 ...

https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26470-number-of-disease-outbreaks-jumps-fourfold-since-1980/

... wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/waterborne-disease-outbreak/case-definition/2010/) * Waterborne Disease Outbreak , 1990 Case ... wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/waterborne-disease-outbreak/case-definition/1990/) ... Content source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Office of Public Health Scientific Services (OPHSS). Center for ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/nndss/conditions/waterborne-disease-outbreak/

Before the 2014 Ebola outbreak there had been 22 previous outbreaks of the disease. All of those were put to bed quickly ... what better way to prepare for an outbreak of a new disease with similar characteristics than to tackle the disease in front of ... Everything that we will need to do for a future outbreak of Disease X we need to do today for TB, he says. ... Among the diseases whose deadly potential we already know about - such as Ebola and Lassa fever - WHO also listed Disease X. ...

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/0/panic-complacency-world-reacts-disease-outbreaks/

... zoonotic diseases), such as Ebola. We use nuclear-derived techniques to help these countries rapidly detect such diseases, ... and middle-income countries are confronted with the challenge of quickly and effectively diagnosing dangerous diseases that can ... Advancing Preparedness for Zoonotic Disease Outbreaks. * Ebola Virus Disease, Fact Sheet, World Health Organization (WHO), ... Outbreaks of zoonotic diseases, such as Ebola, highly pathogenic avian influenza, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Rift ...

https://www.iaea.org/topics/ebola

A team of scientists was able to predict influenza outbreaks in the U.S., Poland, Japan and Thailand by tracking page views on ... Wikipedia-Based Tracking Model Could Predict Disease Outbreaks: Study. By Avaneesh Pandey @avaneeshp88 On 11/14/14 AT 3:06 AM. ... Wikipedia page views could, in the future, become an important tool in predicting disease outbreaks, according to the findings ... argued that Wikipedia traffic data could also be used to estimate the current rates of disease outbreaks across the world. ...

http://www.ibtimes.com/wikipedia-based-tracking-model-could-predict-disease-outbreaks-study-1723704

In addition to immediate dangers like drowning, the potential for widespread disease outbreaks is worrisome. ... Angola still suffering from cholera outbreak. As I described previously in this post, war and disease are inextricably ... In addition to immediate dangers like drowning, the potential for widespread disease outbreaks is worrisome. ... If a government were failing to alert its citizens to an outbreak of a disease like cholera for PR reasons, that would be a ...

https://scienceblogs.com/thepumphandle/2011/11/10/floods-in-thailand-spark-fears

The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety (CCOHS) promotes a safe and healthy working environment by providing occupational health and safety information and advice.

https://www.ccohs.ca/outbreaks/topics/handwashing.html

Discovering Disease Outbreaks from News Headlines prerequisites. Intermediate Python, Beginner scikit-learn, Basics of Pandas, ... Please complete the fields below to get your FREE copy of Discovering Disease Outbreaks from News Headlines. Name. ... notify me when registration opens for Discovering Disease Outbreaks from News Headlines ... a critical component of which involves monitoring global news headlines for signs of disease outbreaks. However, this daily ...

https://www.manning.com/liveproject/discovering-disease-outbreaks-from-news-headlines

... there is a case of swine flu nearby can now find out instantly with a new program that tracks outbreaks of infectious diseases. ... HealthMap, founded in 2006, tracks and maps infectious disease outbreaks through news reports, personal accounts, official ... enables users to track and report outbreaks of infectious diseases such as swine flu in real time.. It is available for free ... Users can also set alerts to be notified on their iPhone or by e-mail when new outbreaks are reported nearby.. "We hope ...

https://www.newsmax.com/health/health-news/iphone-application-tracks-outbreaks-of-disease/2009/09/03/id/475094/

... officials to inspect a large banana plantation in Chiang Rai province after a report of an outbreak of Panama disease, which is ... "If it is Panama disease as feared, the department will announce the area as an outbreak control zone and all plant movement and ... Panama disease outbreak reported 2,000-rai plantation in Chiang Rai at risk ... making the crops more prone to outbreaks of disease.. The Phaya Mengrai district plantation first made the news about three ...

https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/1697008/panama-disease-outbreak-reported

Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks). Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks - August 1, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: news Source ... Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks). Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks - June 11, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: news Source ... Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks). Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks - June 4, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: news Source ... Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks). Source: WHO Disease Outbreaks - June 3, 2020 Category: Infectious Diseases Tags: news Source ...

https://medworm.com/news/who-disease-outbreaks/

abdominal admitted affected aged antibodies attack bacteria bacteriological birds Bornholm disease Brighton outbreak canteen ... diseases.html?id=I09rAAAAMAAJ&utm_source=gb-gplus-shareRecent outbreaks of infectious diseases. ... 0 Reviewshttps://books.google.com/books/about/Recent_outbreaks_of_infectious_diseases.html?id=I09rAAAAMAAJ ... books.google.comhttps://books.google.com/books/about/Recent_outbreaks_of_infectious_ ...

https://books.google.com/books?id=I09rAAAAMAAJ&q=deaths&dq=related:STANFORD36105010146947&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&hl=en

... the spread of infectious disease is a major concern, and scientists are working to spot the next pandemic before it starts. ... 5 Scariest Disease Outbreaks of the Past Century]. "For many years, there was complacency, thinking that infectious diseases ... Looking at contemporary outbreaks since the mid-20th century, Daszak and colleagues found that the rate of emergent diseases ... What 11 Billion People Mean for Disease Outbreaks. By Bahar Gholipour 25 November 2013. ...

https://www.livescience.com/41479-11-billion-disease-outbreaks.html

... rapidly reduced costs of next-generation DNA sequencing to better inform public health officials faced with ongoing outbreaks. ... To combat disease outbreaks, public health officials often use painstaking fieldwork to try to stay one step ahead of the ... New tool advances investigations of disease outbreaks. Molecular Biology and Evolution (Oxford University Press) ... New tool advances investigations of disease outbreaks This week in Molecular Biology and Evolution ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-04/mbae-nta041114.php

... June 20, 2019. ASSOCIATED PRESS ... "This is the largest animal disease outbreak in history," said Dirk Pfieffer, a veterinary epidemiologist at the City University ... Since China first reported an outbreak in early August, 1 million pigs have been culled. It has reported 139 outbreaks all but ... hampering joint work on stemming the spread of the disease following an outbreak near North Koreas border with China. ...

https://www.courthousenews.com/asian-nations-scramble-to-contain-pig-disease-outbreaks/

... but many states face difficulties quickly responding to outbreaks. ... As the Ebola outbreak in West Africa led many to be concerned about U.S. capability to respond to its infectious disease ... How Prepared Are States for Infectious Disease Outbreaks? A new report shows signs of progress, particularly in public health ... "But we also saw during the recent Ebola outbreak that some of the most basic infectious disease controls failed when tested." ...

https://www.governing.com/topics/health-human-services/gov-infectious-disease-vaccination-report.html

Halting infectious disease outbreaks at their points of origin is one of the best and most economical ways of saving lives and ... HomeKey Topics - Office of International Health and Biodefense ...Responding to International Outbreaks of Infectious Disease ... Responding to International Outbreaks of Infectious Disease Office of International Health and Biodefense ... Effective outbreak response requires preparedness efforts that incorporate lessons learned from past outbreaks. IHB ...

https://www.state.gov/key-topics-office-of-international-health-and-biodefense/responding-to-international-outbreaks-of-infectious-disease/

... a mosquito-borne disease similar to dengue fever, in parts of the capital Brazzaville. ... Health officials in the Congo have reported an outbreak of Chikungunya, ... BRAZZAVILLE, Republic of the Congo, June 20 (UPI) -- Health officials in the Congo have reported an outbreak of Chikungunya, a ... No deaths have been reported in the outbreak, initially thought to be malaria, but health authorities have warned of elevated ...

https://www.upi.com/Health_News/2011/06/20/Disease-outbreak-hits-Congo-capital/UPI-79231308615723/?st_rec=70801327555698

Four linked cases of a rare infectious disease may be sufficient to constitute an outbreak. (wikipedia.org)
Outbreaks include epidemics , which term is normally only used for infectious diseases , as well as diseases with an environmental origin, such as a water or foodborne disease . (wikipedia.org)
P anic and complacency are the hallmarks of the world's response to infectious diseases, with complacency currently in the ascendance. (telegraph.co.uk)
Earlier this year, the WHO published an annual report detailing the infectious diseases most likely to trigger a worldwide health emergency. (telegraph.co.uk)
Infectious diseases, from antibiotic-resistant superbugs to Salmonella to the seasonal flu, threaten the health and well-being of families and individuals and cost the country billions. (rwjf.org)
The Outbreaks: Protecting Americans from Infectious Diseases report by Trust for America's Health (TFAH) and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) found major gaps in the country's ability to prevent, control, and treat infectious disease outbreaks because of outdated systems and limited resources. (rwjf.org)
The report reveals that a majority of states (32) score five or lower out of 10 key indicators of policies and capabilities to protect against infectious disease threats. (rwjf.org)
The team developed software to extract quantitative disease information from the records of more than 12,000 outbreaks of 215 infectious diseases, comprising 44 million human cases worldwide. (newscientist.com)
While nuclear-derived techniques are the cutting edge in detecting such dangerous infectious diseases, the prerequisite for using them is to learn and adopt adequate protective measures. (iaea.org)
Through its Peaceful Uses Initiative, the IAEA also mobilizes extra-budgetary contributions to support technical cooperation in the use of nuclear applications to combat infectious diseases such as Ebola and Zika. (iaea.org)
A new study by scientists at the University of Liverpool documents, for the first time, how the ability of bacteria to swap genetic material with each other can directly affect the emergence and spread of globally important infectious diseases. (eurekalert.org)
Apple iPhone owners wondering if there is a case of swine flu nearby can now find out instantly with a new program that tracks outbreaks of infectious diseases. (newsmax.com)
The application, which was developed with support from Google.org, the Web giant's philanthropic arm, enables users to track and report outbreaks of infectious diseases such as swine flu in real time. (newsmax.com)
The "Outbreaks Near Me" program is associated with HealthMap, an online resource that collects, filters, maps and disseminates information about emerging infectious diseases. (newsmax.com)
As people are equipped with more knowledge and awareness of infectious disease, the hope is that they will become more involved and proactive about public health," he said. (newsmax.com)
In fact, the unprecedented growth of the human population in the second half of the last century - growing from 2.5 billion to 6 billion - may have already started changing how infectious diseases emerge. (livescience.com)
More than 300 new infectious diseases emerged between 1940 and 2004, the study found. (livescience.com)
To combat disease outbreaks, public health officials often use painstaking fieldwork to try to stay one step ahead of the infectious bugs, linking patients' symptoms to a source of infection to quickly identify the common culprit in related cases. (eurekalert.org)
How Prepared Are States for Infectious Disease Outbreaks? (governing.com)
As the Ebola outbreak in West Africa led many to be concerned about U.S. capability to respond to its infectious disease threats, an annual report shows only half of states score well on 10 key public health measures. (governing.com)
But we also saw during the recent Ebola outbreak that some of the most basic infectious disease controls failed when tested. (governing.com)
Halting infectious disease outbreaks at their points of origin is one of the best and most economical ways of saving lives and protecting U.S. citizens from pandemics or bio-terrorist attacks. (state.gov)
The Office of International Health and Biodefense (IHB) monitors potential public health events of international concern and serves as policy advisor and incident manager for the State Department's response to infectious disease outbreaks as part of a whole-of-government effort. (state.gov)
News outlets discuss a study published Tuesday in The Lancet Infectious Diseases examining malaria deaths during the Ebola epidemic in Guinea. (kff.org)
The strategy builds on the wealth of online surveillance data and increased reporting and tracking of emerging infectious diseases via the Internet. (news-medical.net)
This information was collected from 125 reports of outbreaks on 10 known infectious diseases causing encephalitis (brain or neural infection) in South Asia - a known 'hotspot' for new disease outbreaks. (news-medical.net)
All of these examples illustrate the need to identify highly infectious diseases at the very earliest stage - when there are just a few cases - allowing public health officials to thwart these new viruses from spreading globally. (news-medical.net)
5. Promote Action: In an infectious disease outbreak, 2. (cdc.gov)
5. Promote Action: In an infectious disease outbreak, Information should include what is known, what public understanding of and action on disease is not known, and what is being done to fill in the prevention is key to stopping the spread. (cdc.gov)
More than 300 new infectious diseases have been identified in the past 60 years. (telegraph.co.uk)
ECDC monitors current infectious disease outbreaks and assesses the risk to public health in Europe, as well as provides technical support to the EU-level response to such threats. (europa.eu)
Outbreaks of bird flu and other infectious diseases have triggered strong growth in vitamin consumption in many Asian markets in recent years. (nutraingredients.com)
Many health emergencies are the result of infectious diseases. (citywindsor.ca)
The report, published in PLoS Biology, is the latest to show how gene sequencing helps public health officials solve infectious disease outbreaks. (reuters.com)
The public health teams could determine that they were essentially dealing with one problem, not two," study co-author Bronwyn MacInnis, a viral genomics and infectious disease expert at the Broad Institute, said in a statement. (reuters.com)
She said the investigation showed the value of using genetic data to help track infectious disease outbreaks. (reuters.com)
Genetic sequence data is becoming a crucial tool in understanding outbreaks," said Dr. Amesh Adalja, in infectious disease expert at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security who was not involved in the study. (reuters.com)
The rising number of unvaccinated children in the United States increases the risk of vaccine -preventable infectious disease outbreaks, researchers warn. (medicinenet.com)
Aside from inflicting devastating natural disasters on often vulnerable communities, climate change can also spur outbreaks of infectious diseases like Zika , malaria and dengue fever, according to a new study by researchers at the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus . (enn.com)
BOGOTA, March 31 (Thomson Reuters Foundation) - Poor countries need more resources and training on the ground to combat infectious diseases that are spreading in new ways and to new places partly due to a changing climate, a U.N. health adviser said. (dailymail.co.uk)
British trained doctor, David Nabarro, who is in the race to be next head of the World Health Organization (WHO), said infectious diseases, like cholera and Ebola, wreak havoc if they are not identified and managed quickly. (dailymail.co.uk)
But it would eliminate a steady source of support for initiatives that have been shown to reduce deaths and chronic illness - including vaccination programmes, programmes to prevent diabetes and other chronic diseases and laboratories used in detecting and responding to infectious-disease outbreaks, lead contamination and other hazards. (nature.com)
The fund also spent $52 million last year to strengthen states' capacity to monitor, prevent and respond rapidly to outbreaks of food-borne illness, influenza, hospital-acquired infections and other infectious diseases. (nature.com)
DES MOINES, Iowa (AP) - Democratic presidential candidate Elizabeth Warren has announced a plan to prevent, contain and treat infectious diseases as a new viral illness spreads in China. (sfgate.com)
She also promised to push the CDC to develop vaccines against infectious diseases, including a universal immunization against the flu. (sfgate.com)
Linda Singh, Adjunct General of the Maryland National Guard, speaks with Guard members taking part in a High Consequence Infectious Disease (HCID) scenario with state and local agencies. (baltimoresun.com)
Infectious diseases are a part of population health issues, and all we can do really is contain each one as much as possible," Omenka said. (usatoday.com)
Ket Saroeun, the head of the veterinary office at the provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, told The Post that cattle are susceptible to infectious diseases - such as taenia (a type of tapeworm), picornavirus, blackleg and pasteurellosis - when they eat grass that has recently been sprayed with insecticide or drink contaminated water. (thefreelibrary.com)
In their research, Hunter's team focused on three other infectious diseases - flu, monkeypox and norovirus - but said their findings could also be useful for dealing with the coronavirus outbreak. (malaysiakini.com)
During an animal disease outbreak , consumers may be in danger of consuming infectious goods. (fao.org)
Infectious diseases have a substantially growing impact on the health of communities around the world and pressure to both predict and prevent such diseases is ever-growing. (phys.org)
SEATTLE (AP) - Public health officials are becoming increasingly concerned about a variety of outbreaks of serious infectious diseases among people who are homeless in Seattle and throughout King County. (q13fox.com)
What Was The Most Significant Infectious Disease In Every Century? (ranker.com)
When looking back through human history, one would be hard-pressed to find an era, civilization, or community that has not been impacted by an infectious disease outbreak. (ranker.com)
But sometimes, the death toll alone doesn't reflect the true, lasting impact that specific infectious disease outbreaks had on the populations they infected - or those nearby. (ranker.com)
So, what was the most significant infectious disease from every century? (ranker.com)
The answers to these questions, in many centuries, live up to the reputations of their associated infectious diseases. (ranker.com)
The latter half of the 1400s were marked by the steady, and then drastic, spread of the infectious sexually transmitted disease syphilis. (ranker.com)
With the recent outbreaks of Ebola virus and Zika virus, it is widely recognized that we need new strategies to prevent infectious disease outbreaks," said Dr. James Moon, author of the WIREs Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology article. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The Johns Hopkins Biocontainment Unit (BCU) team, which can provide front line care and treatment in the event of highly infectious diseases or bioterrorism attack holds periodic exercises like this one to train and prepare for patients who could otherwise potentially fuel an epidemic. (baltimoresun.com)
Doctors isolated him to prevent the spread of the highly infectious disease, transporting him from the emergency room to the hospital's biocontainment unit for quarantine until tests could be completed. (baltimoresun.com)
The Johns Hopkins Biocontainment Unit is one of 10 regional centers across the country designed to respond to outbreaks of highly infectious diseases or bioterrorism attacks - whether from Ebola or the acute respiratory syndromes SARS or MERS. (baltimoresun.com)
A nurse and infectious disease expert guided each one through a 25-to-30-step process to remove each article of clothing. (baltimoresun.com)
No vaccine exists, however, the U.S. National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is working on one , though it could take more than a year for it to be released. (newsweek.com)
Legionnaire's is a potentially fatal infectious disease caused by gram negative, aerobic bacteria belonging to the genus Legionella. (wikipedia.org)
The Journal of Infectious Diseases. (wikipedia.org)

Ebola, which swept through West Africa in 2014 killing 11,000 people, was Disease X when it first emerged in the 1970s. (telegraph.co.uk)
What happened in West Africa was that these countries weren't aware that the disease was there so it caught them by surprise. (telegraph.co.uk)
For issues like Ebola, I don't think people at the beginning of the outbreak in West Africa would have (been searching for it), because they wouldn't have had it (Ebola) before. (ibtimes.com)
New York Times: Room for Debate: Experimental Drugs and the Ethics of Fighting Ebola Multiple authors "International medical teams this month could begin administering experimental Ebola drugs in West Africa, where the outbreak has killed more than 5,000 people. (kff.org)
The work was done in the lab of Pardis Sabeti of Harvard University and the Broad Institute, whose team sequenced genomes of the Ebola virus in the 2014 outbreak in West Africa. (reuters.com)
CONAKRY (Reuters) - An Ebola outbreak blamed for 135 deaths in West Africa in the past month was not imported from Central Africa but caused by a new strain of the disease, a study in a U.S. medical journal said, raising the spectre of further regional epidemics. (medscape.com)
The spread of Ebola from a remote corner of Guinea to the capital and into neighboring Liberia, the first deadly outbreak reported in West Africa, has caused panic across a region struggling with weak healthcare systems and porous borders. (medscape.com)
The unit was opened with federal government funding in 2015 amid an Ebola outbreak in West Africa that caught U.S. hospitals off guard. (baltimoresun.com)

Covers surveillance techniques for communicable diseases like Zika and chronic diseases such as cancer. (routledge.com)
Gives real world examples of disease investigations including smallpox, syphilis, anthrax, yellow fever, and microcephaly (and its relationship to the Zika virus). (routledge.com)
The breeding patterns of the Aedes aegypti mosquito - the mosquito that spreads diseases like malaria, Zika, yellow fever, and dengue fever - appear to be changing. (dailymail.co.uk)
The Zika outbreak may well be due to a combination of changes in the distribution of the mosquito and also habitat changes as well because variations in rainfall patterns may be creating new breeding opportunities," Nabarro said. (dailymail.co.uk)
While the scenario imagined a flu-like disease, similar measures could come into play in an outbreak of an illness like those caused by the Zika and Ebola viruses. (baltimoresun.com)
Rapid risk assessment: Zika virus disease epidemic. (europa.eu)

At EMSL Analytical we have been offering cutting edge testing services and educational information to help the public and health professionals prevent future outbreaks. (webwire.com)
Experts predict that in the future, outbreaks of current and new zoonotic diseases could be more diverse and even more severe than those the world has faced so far. (iaea.org)
This includes developing protocols, agreements, and standard operating procedures to facilitate international deployment of U.S. government resources and personnel in future outbreaks. (state.gov)
We asked Gladys for insights into the current novel coronavirus pandemic and how we can prevent future outbreaks. (ashoka.org)
Current reductions in these common respiratory infections, however, may merely postpone the incidence of future outbreaks, according to a study by Princeton University researchers published Nov. 9 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. (princeton.edu)

Public health officials could also use the technique to spot emerging outbreaks of illness ahead of conventional detection systems, which today rely on reports from doctors and virus-testing labs. (newscientist.com)
Public health officials from 19 states reported 42 outbreaks associated with drinking water during the surveillance period ( Table 1 ) ( https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/drinking-water-tables-figures.html ). (medscape.com)
Disasters can compromise water and sanitation systems, so aid groups and officials in Thailand are right to be vigilant about preventing disease outbreaks. (scienceblogs.com)
The Department of Agriculture has dispatched officials to inspect a large banana plantation in Chiang Rai province after a report of an outbreak of Panama disease, which is known to rip through plantations causing significant damage. (bangkokpost.com)
A well-placed source who insisted on anonymity told the Bangkok Post that officials are destroying infected banana trees in a bid to contain the disease. (bangkokpost.com)
Now, a new field called genomic epidemiology is taking advantage of the rapidly reduced costs of next-generation DNA sequencing to better inform public health officials faced with ongoing outbreaks. (eurekalert.org)
This paper addresses an important question - just how much information about an outbreak can we reliably derive from genomic data alone - and gives public health officials a new tool for their detective kits," according to authors Jennifer Gardy, Caroline Colijn, and Xavier Didelot. (eurekalert.org)
While the authors caution that genomics alone cannot truly replace traditional epidemiology, they show the value and potential of using their sequence data analysis tool as a companion method for public health officials to shed light on outbreaks. (eurekalert.org)
We have to prevent and fight this disease like fighting an enemy," Phuc told Cabinet officials. (courthousenews.com)
IHB collaborates with the U.S. interagency to train U.S. and foreign officials and conduct outbreak response exercises. (state.gov)
BRAZZAVILLE, Republic of the Congo, June 20 (UPI) -- Health officials in the Congo have reported an outbreak of Chikungunya, a mosquito-borne disease similar to dengue fever, in parts of the capital Brazzaville. (upi.com)
When Nipah virus caused outbreaks in pigs and farm workers in Malaysia, many health officials thought the disease was symptomatic of Japanese encephalitis. (news-medical.net)
Her team hopes to help build this capacity in many parts of the world, to help public health officials rapidly respond to outbreaks. (reuters.com)
The work of public health officials often crucially depends on statistical methods to help discern whether an outbreak may be occurring and, if there is sufficient evidence of an outbreak, then to locate and track it. (routledge.com)
However, because the data from these events were entered into the biosurveillance system, health officials were able to identify the source of the outbreak. (rti.org)
More than a dozen high school wrestlers and fans infected with whooping cough attended the Washington state high school wrestling tournament in Tacoma two weeks ago, and state health officials fear a large-scale outbreak of the disease, which has now been reported across the state. (spokesman.com)
ROME (Reuters) - Italian health officials have banned residents across half of Rome from donating blood because of an outbreak of the painful, mosquito-borne illness Chikungunya. (reuters.com)
New York City and state officials continued to step up efforts on Saturday to thwart the spread of Legionnaires' disease, even as an outbreak of the airborne illness in the South Bronx appeared to be waning. (nytimes.com)
On Saturday, Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo deployed about 150 trained workers to do more testing with officials from the city and from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (nytimes.com)
Officials seemed to reach for an easing of tensions on Saturday, after a bout of sniping and perceived slights over whether the city or the state was responding to the outbreak more effectively. (nytimes.com)
Health officials also are monitoring a potential outbreak of hepatitis A, a potentially fatal disease that spread in San Diego. (q13fox.com)
One concern officials have is that many parents who aren't vaccinating their children were themselves vaccinated, and they don't know the severity of the diseases those vaccines fight. (themonitor.com)
In response to the outbreak, Chinese officials locked down at least three cities: Wuhan, and the nearby Huanggang and Ezhou. (newsweek.com)
Following the Morrisania outbreak, city officials stated that they would be pursuing new regulations for cooling towers. (wikipedia.org)
Later in December 2006, Iowa and Minnesota health officials investigated an E. coli outbreak that was traced to foods served at Taco John's restaurants in Cedar Falls, Iowa and Albert Lea and Austin, Minnesota. (wikipedia.org)

As we have seen with the recent Ebola outbreak in Africa, our modern transportation systems are excellent ways for virus or bacteria to roam throughout the world, invading new hosts and wreaking havoc. (earthisland.org)

Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever outbreaks occur when two or more people are exposed to Legionella in the same place and get sick at about the same time. (cdc.gov)
People can get Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever when they breathe in small droplets of water in the air that contain Legionella . (cdc.gov)
Legionnaires' disease and Pontiac fever outbreaks can be difficult to identify. (cdc.gov)
Learn more about how public health departments define Legionnaires' disease outbreaks . (cdc.gov)
Both terms describe two or more people with Legionnaires' disease exposed to Legionella at the same place at about the same time (as defined by the investigators). (cdc.gov)
This alarming figure comes on the heels of several outbreaks of Legionnaires disease across the country. (webwire.com)
Six of the sick people have been diagnosed with Legionnaires disease from the July 12th to the 24th outbreak at the base. (webwire.com)
According to a July 14 press release from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Inpatient hospitalization costs per case averaged more than $34,000 for Legionnaires disease. (webwire.com)
The CDC states, Each year, between 8,000 and 18,000 people are hospitalized with Legionnaires disease in the U.S. However, many infections are not diagnosed or reported, so this number may be higher. (webwire.com)
Legionnaires disease can be prevented, reported Joe Frasca, Senior Vice President at EMSL Analytical. (webwire.com)
More than 40 families affected by the fatal outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in Edinburgh are to sue two companies they believe were responsible. (bbc.co.uk)
It has been the largest outbreak of Legionnaires' disease in the city's history. (nytimes.com)
The first reported outbreak was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1976 during a Legionnaires Convention at the Bellevue-Stratford Hotel. (wikipedia.org)
Indoor ornamental fountains have been confirmed as a cause of Legionnaires' disease outbreaks, in which submerged lighting as a heat source was attributed to the outbreak in all documented cases. (wikipedia.org)
In 2015, there were two outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in the Bronx, New York City, United States. (wikipedia.org)
Legionnaires Disease is an acute type of pneumonia that is caused by the inhalation of water vapor containing the Legionella bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
In January 2015, Legionnaires' disease sickened 8 people near Co-op City's cooling towers in the northeast Bronx. (wikipedia.org)
Twelve people were diagnosed with Legionnaires' disease between December 2014 and the end of the outbreak in January 2015. (wikipedia.org)
On September 21, 2015, 13 more cases of Legionnaires Disease were identified and were said to be unrelated to the outbreaks from previous months. (wikipedia.org)

Over the last decade, we have seen dramatic improvements in state and local capacity to respond to outbreaks and emergencies," said Jeffrey Levi, executive director of the Trust, in a statement. (governing.com)
Warren further promises to work with Congress to replenish funding for the Department of Health and Human Services' Public Health Emergency Fund to better respond to outbreaks and to create a Global Health Security Corps that will "ensure that we can get the right expertise to the center of an outbreak before it becomes an epidemic. (sfgate.com)

People on the street wear face masks because of the outbreak of swine flu near Sannomiya JR station May 20, 2009, in Kobe, Japan. (livescience.com)
In 2009, the outbreak of H1N1 'Swine' flu circulated in Mexico for at least a couple of months before it was discovered as a real threat to public health. (news-medical.net)
With the recent outbreaks of diseases such as swine and bird flu, Ebola, and now COVID-19, the role that epidemiologists and biostatisticians play is more important than ever. (routledge.com)
BEIJING (AP) - Hong Kong retiree Lee Wai-man loves pork fresh from the market but eats a lot less now that the price has jumped as China struggles with a deadly swine disease that has sent shockwaves through global meat markets. (sfgate.com)
South Korea on Tuesday reported its first cases of African swine fever, becoming the latest country hit by the disease that has killed pigs from China to North Korea, pushing up pork prices worldwide. (phys.org)
Swine fever, rabies, bird flu-outbreaks of diseases in wildlife populations often also affect farm animals and humans. (phys.org)

Dr Quick's recently published book, the End of Epidemics , details how the world can prevent another outbreak sweeping the globe, harming millions and crippling health services and economies. (telegraph.co.uk)
Because the feds are now dumping illegals elsewhere, these outbreaks are spreading beyond the immediate area of Texas (bad as that is) and spreading potential epidemics. (americanthinker.com)
By combining this genomic information from the different Shigella strains with the epidemiological information about the outbreaks, the researchers were able to demonstrate that the transfer of the plasmid was facilitating new epidemics. (eurekalert.org)
The WHO is responsible for responding to international epidemics, a critical component of which involves monitoring global news headlines for signs of disease outbreaks. (manning.com)
F our in five countries are not ready to detect and respond to disease epidemics and prevent them spreading beyond their borders, a new analysis has found. (telegraph.co.uk)
Countries with lower scores are more likely to have outbreaks with preventable deaths, and that may spread to other countries," said Dr Cyrus Shahpar, Resolve's Prevent Epidemics director. (telegraph.co.uk)

Among the diseases whose deadly potential we already know about - such as Ebola and Lassa fever - WHO also listed Disease X. The usually sober health agency warned that somewhere out there lurks a disease we have absolutely no idea about. (telegraph.co.uk)
Diarrheal diseases-Contaminated drinking water and a disrupted sanitation system could mean rampant spread of these water-borne illnesses, which can be especially deadly in children. (pbs.org)
EMSL Analytical provides Legionella testing solutions to help prevent outbreaks of the deadly disease caused by the waterborne bacteria. (webwire.com)
His PhD research on bioinformatics required analyzing millions of sequenced DNA patterns to uncover genetic links in deadly diseases. (manning.com)
Korea Herald: Never again Editorial Board "…[T]he MERS outbreak should offer us precious lessons that, if not properly contained, a deadly virus can have an unprecedented impact on the nation and our daily life. (kff.org)
Some 300 troops from the Maryland National Guard drilled this week for a deadly outbreak of a bird-flu-like disease that they envisage would spread panic in urban areas and require the killing of chickens by the barnful. (baltimoresun.com)
Also called pertussis, the contagious disease is especially dangerous - even deadly - for babies younger than 18 months who have not completed their early childhood vaccines. (spokesman.com)
The transport conducted Wednesday wasn't real - it was a training exercise to teach staff how to respond if someone with a deadly disease showed up at the hospital. (baltimoresun.com)

YOUR cellphone could be a key tool in the fight against disease by relaying a telltale signature of illness to doctors and agencies monitoring new outbreaks. (newscientist.com)
During 2013-2014, 42 drinking water-associated † outbreaks were reported, accounting for at least 1,006 cases of illness, 124 hospitalizations, and 13 deaths. (medscape.com)
To provide information about drinking water-associated waterborne disease outbreaks in the United States in which the first illness occurred in 2013 or 2014 ( https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/drinking-surveillance-reports.html ), CDC analyzed outbreaks reported to the CDC Waterborne Disease and Outbreak Surveillance System through NORS ( https://www.cdc.gov/nors/about.html ) as of December 31, 2015. (medscape.com)
One previously unreported outbreak with onset date of first illness in 2012 is presented but is not included in the analysis of outbreaks that occurred during 2013-2014. (medscape.com)
These outbreaks resulted in at least 1,006 cases of illness, 124 hospitalizations (12% of cases), and 13 deaths. (medscape.com)
The most commonly reported outbreak etiology was Legionella (57%), making acute respiratory illness the most common predominant illness type reported in outbreaks ( Table 2 ). (medscape.com)
The potential impacts, dependent on the disease, include illness in humans, domestic animals and wildlife and cost to the economy of billions of dollars through loss of trade, tourism and other costs associated with recovery from a disease outbreak. (www.csiro.au)
Nigeria, which has recently seen outbreaks of Lassa fever - a hemorrhagic illness caused by rats - and monkeypox , a rare disease that causes painful open sores, is another one of the countries that comes up poorly prepared. (telegraph.co.uk)
During 2009-2010, a total of 1,527 foodborne disease outbreaks (675 in 2009 and 852 in 2010) were reported, resulting in 29,444 cases of illness, 1,184 hospitalizations, and 23 deaths. (nih.gov)
Measures to prevent the spread of disease and cut the rate of severe illness and death also include installation of 32 shallow tube wells, and 250 latrines so far, which UNHCR accomplished with the help of partners. (unhcr.org)
An outbreak is defined as two or more cases where the onset of illness is closely linked in time (weeks rather than months) and in space, where there is suspicion of, or evidence of, a common source of infection, with or without microbiological support (i.e. common spatial location of cases from travel history). (wikipedia.org)
In 2006, there were several outbreaks of foodborne illness from spinach and lettuce contaminated by E. coli O157:H7. (wikipedia.org)

We use nuclear-derived techniques to help these countries rapidly detect such diseases, thereby contributing to preventing their spread. (iaea.org)
Nuclear-derived techniques, such as the polymerase chain reaction, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, are important tools in rapidly and efficiently identifying and characterizing such diseases. (iaea.org)
Current research uses smart surveillance to rapidly identify emEcoHealth Alliance, the nonprofit organization that focuses on local conservation and global health issues, announced new research focused on the rapid identification of disease outbreaks in the peer reviewed publication, Journal of the Royal Society Interface. (news-medical.net)
This research may be critical to rapidly deciding which outbreaks are something completely novel and have pandemic potential, rather than a repeat outbreak of a known pathogen. (news-medical.net)
We can respond rapidly to disease outbreaks of national impact. (www.csiro.au)
International sources told Ynet there were fears the running sewage and contaminated water could cause an outbreak of disease in Gaza that would spread rapidly to Israel. (ynetnews.com)
WHO has rapidly expanded and strengthened disease detection and response in support of the Government of Nigeria's response to the humanitarian crisis in north eastern Nigeria, where 3.7 million people are in need of health assistance. (who.int)
With EWARS strengthening our weekly Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response reporting we can rapidly be alerted to potential disease outbreaks. (who.int)
Earlier, Neethirajan's research team developed "lab-in-the-field" technology to help dairy farmers rapidly detect diseases that reduce milk production. (uoguelph.ca)
The health ministry said on Tuesday that the number of new cases had fallen rapidly and the outbreak was nearly under control. (medscape.com)
It aims to detect and track pathogens more rapidly and accurately so that outbreaks of all kinds can be prevented. (itbusiness.ca)

Legionella was associated with 57% of these outbreaks and all of the deaths. (medscape.com)
Legionella was implicated in 24 (57%) outbreaks, 130 (13%) cases, 109 (88%) hospitalizations, and all 13 deaths ( Table 1 ). (medscape.com)
The most commonly cited deficiency, which led to 24** (57%) of the 42 drinking water-associated outbreaks, was the presence of Legionella in drinking water systems. (medscape.com)
The review of outbreak management and the subsequent public health research has provided valuable information in enhancing the existing knowledge on Legionella outbreaks and control. (bbc.co.uk)
Legionella isolation can be conducted using the method developed by the US Center for Disease Control using buffered charcoal yeast extract agar with antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)

The March 2018 ACRP Insight event brought together airport and public health experts from around the U.S. and abroad to discuss their insights based on their personal experiences confronting and mitigating communicable disease at airports and beyond. (trb.org)
This webinar featured a presentation from the Insight Event that guides airport emergency management teams in understanding and developing effective response plans and operations during communicable disease outbreaks. (trb.org)
The presenters also provided a review of existing statutes, regulations, and case law related to airport communicable disease preparedness. (trb.org)
They discussed a legal framework for airport lawyers and managers who are developing or updating their communicable disease preparedness plans. (trb.org)

No deaths have been reported in the outbreak, initially thought to be malaria, but health authorities have warned of elevated risks of an outbreak of dengue fever, an infection transmitted by mosquito vectors. (upi.com)
Results showed that diseases such as Nipah virus - an emerging and very lethal disease - showed distinct characteristic patterns within such a network and clustered separately to other more established diseases such as malaria and Japanese encephalitis. (news-medical.net)
For example, after the last Ebola outbreak weakened Congo's already fragile and overtasked health system, the North Kivu province, where the outbreak is centered, saw an eightfold increase in the incidence of malaria. (foreignpolicy.com)
The EWARS application supports existing national disease surveillance systems, in addition to expanding surveillance to include other diseases with a public health burden in IDP camps and host communities, such as malaria, severe acute malnutrition, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection. (who.int)
Data collected by the system has shown that malaria continues to be the most common disease in much of Borno state. (who.int)

Dr Quick says the foundation of pandemic preparedness is 'strong local and national public health systems' and front line health workers who can recognise an unusual pattern of disease. (telegraph.co.uk)
The initial analysis shows a promising advantage to aid in predicting and preventing possible pandemic diseases that can result in devastating losses in life and global economic crises. (news-medical.net)
But we also know that no country is immune from facing the consequences of major outbreaks, especially respiratory pathogens and pandemic influenza. (telegraph.co.uk)
E arlier this year, the UK stepped up its commitment to pandemic preparedness investing £10 million in a special WHO contingency fund that provides early emergency cash to help respond to disease outbreaks and other humanitarian health crises. (telegraph.co.uk)
The Massachusetts senator on Tuesday unveiled a plan that includes fully funding the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's pandemic prevention and response programs. (sfgate.com)
So the objective of this exercise is to track every diseased animal, particularly chickens, so as to contain an outbreak before it becomes a pandemic. (pbs.org)
Under the Emerging Pandemic Threats (EPT-2) programme, FAO's Emergency Centre for Transboundary Animal Disease ( ECTAD ) together with Risk Communication experts from the Warning Project, organized a workshop on risk communication last month. (fao.org)
Epidemic and pandemic-prone diseases threaten public health security. (who.int)

The mayor also outlined a plan involving over 200 city workers to locate, evaluate and disinfect water cooling towers, the source of the outbreak . (nytimes.com)
In the mid-nineteenth century, John Snow mapped cases of cholera in Soho, London, and traced the source of the outbreak to a contaminated water pump. (innovations-report.com)

For example, if Health Canada was trying to determine the cause of a Salmonella outbreak in humans, the database would specify any related outbreaks in farm or pet animals and related contaminated food products. (uoguelph.ca)
Salmonella was second, accounting for 30% of outbreaks. (nih.gov)

Four deaths in Hurricane Maria's aftermath are being investigated as possible cases of a disease spread by animals' urine, Puerto Rico'sgovernor said Wednesday amid concerns about islanders' exposure to contaminated water. (necn.com)
The CDC urges people not to vape THC products amid an outbreak of a lung disease. (cnbc.com)

The terms "outbreak" and "epidemic" have often been used interchangeably. (wikipedia.org)
Epidemic - when this disease is found to infect a significantly larger number of people at the same time than is common at that time, and among that population, and may spread through one or several communities. (wikipedia.org)
Last month, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc urged authorities to prevent the disease, which has spread to 58 of 63 provinces, from escalating into an epidemic. (courthousenews.com)
Agence France-Presse: Ebola cases fall to year low but WHO warns of trouble ahead "The World Health Organization on Wednesday hailed the fewest weekly infections for over a year in the West African Ebola epidemic, but warned they were braced for a significant new outbreak in Sierra Leone…" (7/29). (kff.org)
D r Tom Frieden, former director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and president and CEO of Resolve, said that the gaps in epidemic preparedness continue to have a life threatening impact. (telegraph.co.uk)
A ccording to the analysis, which covers 65 countries so far, Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone - the three countries that were at the centre of the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak are among those least ready to deal with an epidemic. (telegraph.co.uk)
In Haiti, where at least 9,000 Haitians have died and more than 800,000 people have been infected since the cholera epidemic began in 2010, mass vaccination campaigns are helping to combat the disease, Nabarro said. (dailymail.co.uk)
The rise of "fake news", including misinformation and inaccurate advice on social media, could make disease outbreaks such as the covid-19 coronavirus epidemic currently spreading in China worse, according to research published today. (malaysiakini.com)
CHOLERA OUTBREAK INFORMATION Travelers to South America should be aware that an epidemic of cholera is occurring in several countries including Peru, Ecuador and Columbia. (cdc.gov)
EPIDEMIC MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE Epidemic meningococcal disease has been reported in Nairobi, Kenya and the Arusha area on northern Tanzania. (cdc.gov)

Based on this comparison, the researchers found that, in eight out of 14 cases, there was a clear increase in page views nearly a month before an official declaration of an outbreak. (ibtimes.com)
The researchers claimed that Wikipedia is the best bet to create an Internet-based model to predict outbreaks because data on Wikipedia page views are publicly available. (ibtimes.com)
Outbreaks Near Me" is an application for the popular smartphone developed by researchers at Children's Hospital Boston in collaboration with the Media Lab of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. (newsmax.com)
University of Guelph researchers have received a $375,000 Health Canada grant to develop a database program to help pinpoint causes of disease outbreaks. (uoguelph.ca)
Ultimately, the researchers determined that the Massachusetts mumps cases were closely related to a 2006 mumps outbreak and that the virus was largely domestic rather than imported from other countries. (reuters.com)
In Spillover, David Quammen follows researchers on the trail of different zoonosis back to the origin of the outbreaks in remote places. (earthisland.org)
he follows researchers on the trail of different zoonosis back to the origin of the outbreaks in remote places - from the Ganges Delta in Bangladesh in search of the Nipah virus, to deep into the forests of Gabon to look at the impact of the Ebola virus on gorillas, to local markets in Congo and Cameroon in search of bush meat that could have helped transfer the AIDS virus to humans. (earthisland.org)
Medical researchers are at a disadvantage, because by the time they hear of an unusual disease outbreak, the damage may already have been done and the disease may be very difficult to contain. (earthisland.org)
But susceptibility to those other diseases could be increasing, resulting in large outbreaks when masking and distancing stop, say a team of Princeton University researchers. (princeton.edu)
The researchers used an epidemiological model based on historic RSV data and observations of the recent decline in RSV cases to examine the possible impact of COVID-19 NPIs on future RSV outbreaks in the United States and Mexico. (princeton.edu)
RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C. - Biosurveillance - the automated monitoring of health trend data - can enhance the detection of naturally occurring or intentional disease outbreaks, according to a study by researchers at RTI International. (rti.org)
For the studies - published today in a separate peer-reviewed journal - the researchers created theoretical simulations of outbreaks of norovirus, flu and monkeypox. (malaysiakini.com)
The researchers found that a 10 percent reduction in the amount of harmful advice being circulated has a mitigating impact on the severity of an outbreak while making 20 percent of the population unable to share harmful advice has the same positive effect. (malaysiakini.com)
With this knowledge, the NSF-funded researchers have the capacity to begin to predict when such disease outbreaks will occur. (nsf.gov)
With cases peaking annually in the wet season and again in the dry season, the researchers determined that certain meteorological conditions are responsible for these outbreaks. (nsf.gov)
Using analysis of blood samples from infected patients, however, researchers determined that while the Guinean form of the Ebola virus (EBOV) showed a 97% similarity to the Zaire strain, the disease was not introduced from Central Africa. (medscape.com)
If the disease was spreading within a household due to direct transmission - either from an asymptomatic carrier or someone with symptomatic, acute disease, the researchers should be able to isolate the same genotype from a number of individuals in the same household. (innovations-report.com)

But only 27 states scored equal to or higher than the national average on the National Health Security Preparedness Index's measure of information management, which indicates difficulties in mobilizing and coordinating outbreak responses. (governing.com)
Effective outbreak response requires preparedness efforts that incorporate lessons learned from past outbreaks. (state.gov)
Preparedness is critical to responding to outbreaks quickly and stopping them at their source - before they become pandemics. (state.gov)
The diagnostic skills and knowledge of scientists at CSIRO's Australian Centre for Disease Preparedness (ACDP) form an important component of Australia's preparedness to deal with an emergency animal disease outbreak. (www.csiro.au)
M easuring a country's capacity through such tools is just one way to assess how ready the world is for the next outbreak, said Dr Peter Salama, WHO's Deputy Director for Emergency Preparedness and Response. (telegraph.co.uk)
Better global and country-level preparedness was key in stopping last month's Ebola outbreak in the DRC from spiralling into a bigger crisis, said Dr Salama. (telegraph.co.uk)

The suspicion of a foodborne disease outbreak exists when two or more people fall ill after eating the same food. (bund.de)
Only a small percentage of those are related to a foodborne disease outbreak , which is defined as two or more illnesses caused by the same germ (e.g., a toxin, virus or bacteria) which are linked to eating the same food. (virginia.gov)
CDC collects data on foodborne disease outbreaks submitted by all states, the District of Columbia, and Puerto Rico through CDC's Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System. (nih.gov)

Agents are worrying about a viral outbreak. (americanthinker.com)
The country's Director General of Health, Alexis Elira Dokekias, said more than 900 people have been confirmed infected with the viral disease, AfricaNews reported Monday. (upi.com)
The team's discovery may significantly speed up identification of flu viral strains, thwarting disease spread and leading to more reliable vaccines, according to U of G professor Suresh Neethirajan. (uoguelph.ca)
The Hidalgo County Health Department has reported some 20 confirmed or suspected cases of mumps, a viral disease that causes swelling and tenderness in several glands in the body. (themonitor.com)
These include diseases such as cholera, meningitis, avian influenza, and viral haemorrhagic fevers for which the region reports considerably high incidence and mortality rates. (who.int)
citation needed] A report of a viral outbreak at an Olive Garden restaurant in Indianapolis, Indiana occurred in mid-December. (wikipedia.org)

Are Recent Animal Disease Outbreaks Linked? (motherjones.com)
In order to prevent and respond to animal disease outbreaks with minimal social and economic losses, it is important to have an effective risk communication strategy. (fao.org)
This workshop is the beginning for us to address animal disease outbreaks effectively. (fao.org)

FAO said Thursday that the number has risen to 2.6 million, and Vietnam said military and police officers were mobilized to help contain the outbreak. (courthousenews.com)
The WHO said earlier this month it would take two to four months to contain the outbreak, which it said had been one of the most challenging it had ever faced. (medscape.com)
The WHO also praised China's efforts to contain the outbreak. (newsweek.com)

Three months after the declaration of the eleventh Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in Equateur Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo, the number of confirmed cases continues to increase, and the geographic spread of the outbreak continues to expand. (medworm.com)

Our quality-assured diagnostic tests are critical to the success of surveillance programs and to the accurate diagnosis and control of outbreaks. (www.csiro.au)

US Adults die from vaccine-preventable diseases each year. (rwjf.org)
Reuters Health) - U.S. scientists used gene sequencing technology to tie together what appeared to be unrelated outbreaks of mumps in the Boston area, helping to rule out the possibility that the virus had mutated to evade vaccine protection, a new report says. (reuters.com)
The 16 measles outbreaks that struck the United States in 2011 cost up to $5.3 million to contain, according to a study published in Vaccine in 2014 1 . (nature.com)
One unvaccinated child may not get a vaccine-preventable disease. (sacbee.com)
Recent outbreaks of measles - the highest number in the EU for seven years - are a sign of the immediate impact of declining vaccine coverage, the report said, and should prompt governments to act to boost vaccine awareness and confidence. (reuters.com)
Bill Edstrom, an epidemiologist for the Spokane Regional Health District, said older children and adults can get new vaccines that would make them immune to whooping cough and thus less likely to spread the disease to small children who have not completed their vaccine regimen. (spokesman.com)
Most people have no reactions to a vaccine, and any reaction usually pales in comparison to the disease itself. (themonitor.com)

The application also allows users to submit their own reports of outbreaks or photos to the HealthMap team. (newsmax.com)

Using NASA and GLOBE data to Predict Outbreaks of Disease! (globe.gov)

Due to an ongoing outbreak of meningococcal disease in Southern California, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) is urging all gay and bisexual men and HIV-infected persons in Los Angeles, Orange and San Diego counties be vaccinated against meningococcal disease. (ca.gov)
Since March, 22 cases of meningococcal disease have been confirmed in an outbreak in Los Angeles and Orange Counties, including several cases in the past week. (ca.gov)
Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection that can cause meningitis and bloodstream infections (sepsis). (ca.gov)
Although rare, meningococcal disease is very serious and potentially fatal. (ca.gov)
Vaccination is the best protection against meningococcal disease," said CDPH Director and State Public Health Officer Dr. Karen Smith. (ca.gov)
There have been no reports of meningococcal disease in travelers. (cdc.gov)

To help limit the spread of such diseases, their early and rapid detection in animals and wildlife is critical. (iaea.org)
In this paper, we investigate and study the potential of internet data like internet search keywords and search query patterns in the healthcare domain for disease monitoring and detection. (easychair.org)
Specifically, we investigate search keyword patterns for disease outbreak detection. (easychair.org)
Accurate prediction and detection of disease outbreaks in a timely manner can have a big positive impact on the entire health care system. (easychair.org)
Discusses the crucial roles of statistics in early disease detection. (routledge.com)
By mid-October, as access to some hard-to-reach areas improved, the number of disease detection sites tripled. (who.int)
It's part of a participatory One Health disease detection program, more simply called PODD. (pbs.org)

Countries around the world took notice and prepared for possible outbreaks, the World Health Organization sent out guidelines to ministries of health and vaccines were developed in a matter of months. (livescience.com)
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the consumption of contaminated water can cause diseases, such as jaundice, polio, typhus, cholera and dysentery. (ynetnews.com)
Since its reemergence this year, some 1,625 people have died, and on July 17, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. (foreignpolicy.com)

The highly contagious disease was detected near Robinvale in North West Victoria, where more than 4 million bees are transported annually to help pollinate the region's almond crops. (2gb.com)
This highly contagious disease in the past brought brain inflammation, heart problems, blindness, deafness or death. (sacbee.com)
Measles is a highly contagious disease. (themonitor.com)

In outbreaks identified through notifiable disease surveillance, reports are often linked to laboratory results and verifying the diagnosis is straight forward. (wikipedia.org)
[ 1 ] Public health agencies in the U.S. states and territories* report information on waterborne disease outbreaks to CDC through the National Outbreak Reporting System (NORS) ( https://www.cdc.gov/healthywater/surveillance/index.html ). (medscape.com)
The report warned that many countries 'chronically under-invest' in critical public health functions such as disease surveillance, diagnostics, and emergency operations centres, which enable the early identification and containment of outbreaks. (telegraph.co.uk)
Traditional disease surveillance techniques involve collecting data from laboratory tests and tracking the number of visits to health care facilities. (ibtimes.com)
In enabling participation in surveillance, we also expect to increase global coverage and identify outbreaks earlier," he added. (newsmax.com)
Looking at contemporary outbreaks since the mid-20th century, Daszak and colleagues found that the rate of emergent diseases caused by pathogens new to humans has increased significantly with time, even when controlling for progress in diagnosis techniques and surveillance, which could make it only seem like diseases were on the rise. (livescience.com)
A number of research projects in the past few decades examined and utilized the internet data for information extraction in healthcare including disease surveillance and monitoring. (easychair.org)
Effective surveillance methods require finding the right balance between declaring an unusual event where there is none, versus missing an outbreak that is occurring. (terradaily.com)
Outlines the concepts and methods of disease surveillance. (routledge.com)
EWARS in a box' contains all the equipment needed to set up a disease surveillance system, including mobile phones, laptops, solar-powered generators and chargers, all specifically designed to work in difficult and insecure operating environments like north eastern Nigeria. (who.int)
EWARS complements Nigeria's existing Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDSR) System which has been weakened by the crisis, facilitating real time flow of information for timely response. (who.int)
WHO's EWARS initiative is committed to supporting disease surveillance, alert and response even in the most difficult operating environments. (who.int)

Some of these diseases were caused by pathogens that have hopped across species and finally into humans - for example, the West Nile virus , the SARS coronavirus and HIV. (livescience.com)
It allows public health agencies to target their resources in the most efficient way, and helps protect us from new emerging diseases, which often erupt in remote corners of the Earth where it is sometimes very difficult to obtain vital information, let alone biological samples to test for various pathogens,' said Dr. Peter Daszak, corresponding author and President of EcoHealth Alliance. (news-medical.net)

The EWARS project is an initiative to strengthen disease early warning, alert and response in emergencies. (who.int)
EWARS tries to catch disease outbreaks early on to help contain them in emergencies by providing technical support, training and field-based tools to Ministries of Health and other partners. (who.int)

People are defecating out in the open and there are already reports of diarrheal disease outbreaks and chest infections, say the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) - a group of 13 UK aid agencies. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In 2006, more than 400 children under the age of 5 died during an outbreak of diarrheal disease in Botswana. (nsf.gov)
For more than 10 years, Kathleen Alexander, a scientist at Virginia Tech , has been researching similar diarrheal disease outbreaks across Botswana to determine if there are correlations among atmospheric conditions, local environmental variables, and disease rates. (nsf.gov)
Diarrheal disease remains a critical threat to children under 5 years of age across Africa but particularly in the Chobe District. (nsf.gov)

A recent article in Discovery News reports that some experts have come to suspect that the diseases spurring these population declines may be linked. (motherjones.com)
It appears that many species are under an immense amount of stress, allowing opportunistic diseases to take hold," Rob Mies, executive director of the Organization for Bat Conservation, told Discovery News . (motherjones.com)
The toll of the disease in Haiti is in the news again following the filing of a lawsuit against the UN. (scienceblogs.com)
BBC News explains that a recent UN report "strongly suggested that the disease was introduced by UN peacekeepers from Nepal living on a base where poor sanitary conditions allowed human waste to enter the Artibonite river system. (scienceblogs.com)
Please complete the fields below to get your FREE copy of Discovering Disease Outbreaks from News Headlines. (manning.com)
In an analysis of how the spread of misinformation affects the spread of disease, scientists at Britain's East Anglia University (UEA) said any successful efforts to stop people sharing fake news could help save lives. (malaysiakini.com)
Though the outbreak could be serious, news regarding its scope has been slow to spread. (spokesman.com)
The rise of fake news could be making disease outbreaks worse-according to new research from the University of East Anglia (UEA). (phys.org)
At a news conference at the city Office of Emergency Management, Mayor Bill de Blasio said that 108 people have been infected since the onset of the outbreak in July - up from a tally of 101 on Friday. (nytimes.com)
The good news is this outbreak is clearly tapering off," Mr. de Blasio said. (nytimes.com)

Using this technique, they were able to predict influenza outbreaks in the U.S., Poland, Japan and Thailand, the spread of dengue in Brazil, and a spike in the number of tuberculosis cases in Thailand. (ibtimes.com)
The authors also considered the implications of COVID-19 NPIs for seasonal influenza outbreaks and found results qualitatively similar to RSV. (princeton.edu)
There was a consistent presence of well-known diseases such as measles, smallpox, and ergotism, but concerns surrounding these ailments were all but trumped by the prevalence of various influenza outbreaks . (ranker.com)

The article, authored by leading scientists in the fields of emerging disease ecology, biomathematics, computational biology and bioinformatics, shows how network theory can be used to identify outbreaks of unidentified diseases. (news-medical.net)

And a report from the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security in the United States warns that scientists are looking for the disease in the wrong places: concentrating on previous outbreaks rather than trying to adapt to new threats. (telegraph.co.uk)
It's a critical measure of a state's ability to swiftly handle an outbreak of Ebola, flu or other threats, according to the report. (governing.com)
When we prepare and effectively collaborate to address common threats that don't stop at borders, the international community can stop these diseases in their tracks. (sfgate.com)

They say cholera is endemic in Nepal so an outbreak would not be unprecedented. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In times of global warming, such unheard-of viruses could become endemic in heavily populated areas of countries where such diseases have not yet been seen. (pravda.ru)
Ebola is endemic to Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, South Sudan and Gabon, and scientists initially believed that Central Africa's Zaire strain of the virus was responsible for the outbreak. (medscape.com)

A number of African countries -- including Mali, Senegal, the Ivory Coast, Cape Verde and Gabon -- have seen outbreaks of the disease. (upi.com)

In outbreaks of unknown etiology, determining and verifying the diagnosis can be a significant part of the investigation with respect to time and resources. (wikipedia.org)

Several low- and middle-income countries are confronted with the challenge of quickly and effectively diagnosing dangerous diseases that can spread from animals to humans (zoonotic diseases), such as Ebola. (iaea.org)
Science writer David Quammen introduces us to the complicated origin and spread of "zoonosis" - diseases which originate in animals but can be passed along to humans. (earthisland.org)
Yet, perhaps counter-intuitively for a disease that spreads amongst humans, this clustering was unrelated to the density of the local population. (innovations-report.com)
When zoonotic diseases make the headlines, it's usually because they are being passed from animals to humans. (nature.com)
It is a disease of humans, but it can spread beyond us: our close relatives, nonhuman primates, are also at risk of contracting measles. (nature.com)

According to the WHO, 80 per cent of major outbreaks begin in just 20 to 30 highly fragile countries. (telegraph.co.uk)
Aid agencies are warning of major outbreaks of disease in camps for displaced people in northwestern Pakistan as the monsoon season approaches. (voanews.com)
But, the risk of major outbreaks are possible," said Bile. (voanews.com)

Eagle looked at cellular data from a series of cholera outbreaks in Rwanda between 2006 and 2009. (newscientist.com)
Cholera is a frightful disease and yet it can be managed very effectively and we've got cholera outbreaks in at least four major centres across the world right now," Nabarro said. (dailymail.co.uk)

The man, who has not been identified, stayed in Wuhan, the city where the coronavirus outbreak started, for two months. (newsweek.com)

Frog populations have seen an increased number of deaths due to a fungal disease. (motherjones.com)
As human populations grow and spread into previously isolated environments, more and more people come into contact with formerly untouched wildlife and their diseases. (iaea.org)
However, the dynamics of AMR transfer through bacterial populations and its direct impact on human disease is poorly understood. (eurekalert.org)
The recent outbreaks of measles in areas where experts had considered the disease to be eradicated are a reminder of the precautions needed to keep nonhuman populations protected too. (nature.com)
And what impact did the diseases have on the populations, economies, and environments of the communities they forever altered? (ranker.com)

There is a risk that cholera, dysentery and other serious waterborne diseases will break out in the aftermath of the Nepal earthquake. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Cholera is a waterborne disease … The system knew that storms can cause cholera. (oreilly.com)
This is very surprising because, again, cholera is a waterborne disease. (oreilly.com)

IHB engages foreign governments to reduce barriers to effective humanitarian responses, make science-based decisions that prevent outbreak spread, and mitigate unproductive response measures that interfere with travel and trade. (state.gov)
To prevent foodborne diseases, compliance with general hygiene rules when preparing foods is essential, even in private households. (bund.de)
has published a leaflet on how to prevent foodborne disease outbreaks in curative and nursing institutions, such as hospitals, nursing homes and childcare centres. (bund.de)
It is the first time that countries have been provided with a single score by international experts assessing how ready they are to prevent or nip disease outbreaks in the bud before they become full-blown crises. (telegraph.co.uk)
Investment in health aid is not just a way to prevent the spread of disease but to shore up regional stability, which is in the broader interest of the United States. (foreignpolicy.com)
This is essential in order to prevent dehydration and water-related disease such as diarrhea and cholera. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Via the process of identifying an outbreak, finding its cause, and developing a plan to prevent its reoccurrence, this book tells the story of how medical and public health professionals use statistics to help mitigate the effects of disease. (routledge.com)
She is teaching Ugandans how to achieve wildlife conservation through public health and prevent disease outbreaks. (ashoka.org)
He said provincial Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries veterinarians had also intervened to treat and vaccinate the cattle and prevent the diseases from spreading. (thefreelibrary.com)
Consequently, farmers may fail to take appropriate action to prevent or control disease. (fao.org)
Microsoft is using artificial intelligence technology to bring data to farming and prevent disease outbreaks through its Azure cloud platform. (itbusiness.ca)
Beijing's Forbidden City museum announced it is also closing indefinitely to prevent the spread of the disease. (newsweek.com)

Hong Kong, a global city which plays host to hundreds and thousands of travellers from around the world every year, was the perfect launchpad for the spread of the disease. (telegraph.co.uk)
Within a matter of weeks the disease had spread to 27 countries, closing cities like Toronto and costing them a billion dollars," he says. (telegraph.co.uk)
This lays out the steps countries must take to ensure that diseases do not spread out of control. (telegraph.co.uk)
However, the Wikipedia-based model was not successful in predicting the spread of slow-progressing diseases like HIV/AIDS, according to the paper. (ibtimes.com)
Inadequate clean water and sanitation allow diseases like cholera to spread, and in this regard Thailand is in much better shape than Haiti. (scienceblogs.com)
North Korea scaled back cooperation with South Korea after the collapse of a February summit between North Korean leader Kim Jong Un and President Donald Trump, hampering joint work on stemming the spread of the disease following an outbreak near North Korea's border with China. (courthousenews.com)
Only 14 states vaccinated at least half of their population against the seasonal flu, while 35 met the goal for vaccinating young children against hepatitis B, which is spread by infected blood and leads to liver disease. (governing.com)
THE Department of Homeland Security confirmed last week that the highly contagious foot-and-mouth virus had briefly spread within the Plum Island Animal Disease Center in two previously undisclosed incidents earlier this summer. (nytimes.com)
After a few weeks or months depending on conditions, the disease continues to spread through the rapid movement of global travelers. (news-medical.net)
As with the SARS outbreak, the virus incubated for a few months in China before it spread to Hong Kong, Canada and other points around the world. (news-medical.net)
There was much criticism last month over the transfer of Qatari funds to Gaza , but few realize that the cash infusion to the strip will indirectly help Israel by preventing the possible outbreak of disease in the Palestinian enclave that could spread to Israel. (ynetnews.com)
Express Empathy: Disease outbreaks can disease outbreak can help stop the spread of disease, cause fear and disrupt daily lives. (cdc.gov)
The spread of disease has not so far impacted European supplement sales, according to Crossley, with growth being generated instead by products for targeted health conditions like heart, joint, or skin health. (nutraingredients.com)
Doing so is crucial to preventing the spread of the disease and ensuring patients receive treatment. (foreignpolicy.com)
This book will help readers understand how statisticians and epidemiologists help combat the spread of such diseases in order to improve public health across the world. (routledge.com)
poses this unique quandary: Diseases in wildlife are now able to spread across the whole human race, and if you catch one of these bugs, you are likely to die from it. (earthisland.org)
Warren said she can mitigate the spread of disease by fighting climate change and moving the U.S. to a universal, government-funded health system under the "Medicare for All" program. (sfgate.com)
Social distancing and mask wearing to reduce the spread of COVID-19 have also protected against many other diseases, including influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). (princeton.edu)
Primary symptoms of the disease include fever, runny nose, cough and a rash that can spread across the entire body, the CDC said. (usatoday.com)
Phorn Phot, a veterinarian in Dar commune's Anhchanh village, told The Post on Sunday that pasteurellosis and blackleg were detected in the area during the middle of March but, thanks to a vaccination campaign, the spread of the diseases had been halted. (thefreelibrary.com)
Their models took into account studies of real behaviour, how different diseases are spread, incubation periods and recovery times, and the speed and frequency of social media posting and real-life information sharing. (malaysiakini.com)
Since then, 1 million pigs have died and the disease has spread to 31 of China's 34 provinces, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. (sfgate.com)
The death toll from a disease outbreak in China's pig herds that has pushed up global pork prices has risen to 1.2 million animals, but its spread has "significantly slowed," a deputy agriculture minister said Thursday. (phys.org)
Recent advances in DNA sequencing have allowed scientists to accurately track the spread of some diseases by measuring mutations in the pathogen's DNA when the DNA replicates. (innovations-report.com)
The research has also shed light on the role of asymptomatic carriers of the disease in the spread of typhoid. (innovations-report.com)
As these carriers do not show symptoms, they are likely to be unaware of their infection and can unwittingly spread the disease. (innovations-report.com)
The most famous of such cases was a cook in New York in the early twentieth century, nicknamed 'Typhoid Mary', who is believed to have spread the disease to dozens of people. (innovations-report.com)
In an attempt to stifle the spread of the disease, leper colonies were created to quarantine symptomatic individuals. (ranker.com)
It's believed that nearly half of the European population was killed as the disease spread so quickly that people would die in a matter of weeks, days, or even hours. (ranker.com)
Two Texas nurses contracted the virus while caring for a Liberian citizen who arrived in the United States with the disease, which is spread through bodily fluids. (baltimoresun.com)

Outbreaks of zoonotic diseases, such as Ebola, highly pathogenic avian influenza, Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever and Rift Valley fever, have a major human, social and economic impact on low- and middle-income countries. (iaea.org)
For this reason, we also run training courses for scientists, veterinarians and field workers on how to safely undertake diagnostic tests on animals while protecting themselves against zoonotic diseases. (iaea.org)
Quammen also explains how zoonotic diseases are exceptionally hard to eradicate. (earthisland.org)

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. (cdc.gov)
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends all Americans ages 6 months and older get vaccinated (20% of Americans get the flu each year). (rwjf.org)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that each year roughly 1 in 6 Americans (or 48 million people) get sick, 128,000 are hospitalized, and 3,000 die of foodborne diseases. (virginia.gov)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stands to lose 12% of its budget through proposed cuts in the American Health Care Act. (nature.com)
These cuts will result in more people dying and higher health-care costs," says Tom Frieden, the former director of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (nature.com)
Sixty additional cases were reported last week, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said. (usatoday.com)
Rossello said the symptoms can be confused with those of other illnesses, including dengue, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was helping to investigate. (necn.com)
In addition to mumps, the national Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is reporting a rapid growth in the number of reported cases of measles, even though the agency had announced in 2000 that it had been completely eliminated in the United States. (themonitor.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is urging people to stop vaping THC products as the death toll from a mysterious lung disease rises with no signs of abating. (cnbc.com)

MARACAY, Venezuela-A string of deaths in a hospital here has sparked fears of a potent, mosquito-borne disease and led authorities to seek a doctor's arrest for allegedly sowing panic, leaving residents wondering how to explain their symptoms. (wsj.com)
In an unrelated July and August 2015 outbreak, the disease affected at least 120 people and caused at least twelve deaths in the South Bronx area. (wikipedia.org)

He describes WHO's stance in naming Disease X as wise in terms of communicating risk. (telegraph.co.uk)
Cramped living conditions, limited clean water, and poor sanitation increases the risk of diarrhoea and other disease outbreaks. (who.int)
Despite Australia's strict quarantine procedures, there is a risk that an exotic animal disease could be introduced. (www.csiro.au)
Despite Australia's strict quarantine procedures, there is still a risk that an exotic (foreign) animal disease could be introduced into Australia. (www.csiro.au)
Share information about the signs and symptoms season and have seen the heartbreaking stories of of disease, who is at risk, treatment and care those who have lost loved ones. (cdc.gov)
Especially when the reason for of disease, who is at risk, treatment and care quarantine is exposure to a new disease for which options, and when to seek medical care. (cdc.gov)
The arrival of more than 700,000 Rohingya Muslim refugees, fleeing human rights abuses and poor governance in neighboring Myanmar, has raised the risk of disease outbreaks, particularly of tuberculosis, and also complicated access to health care due to immense distances to health centers and the denial to the Rohingya of formal refugee status. (foreignpolicy.com)
It is very important to prepare for this possible future outbreak risk and to pay attention to the full gamut of infections impacted by COVID-19 NPIs," Baker said. (princeton.edu)
It is a mosquito-borne disease and has been found in birds which were placed in high-risk areas - part of Australia's early warning system. (pravda.ru)
The objective of this workshop is for the participants to understand the scope of risk communication and how it can be developed for the different communities pre and post animal disease outbreak . (fao.org)
The emergence of the virus in Guinea highlights the risk of EBOV outbreaks in the whole West African subregion," the report continued. (medscape.com)
In fact, the study showed that people living near to water spouts, for whom these provide their main source of water, and people living at a lower elevation are at substantially greatest risk of contracting the disease. (innovations-report.com)

Anatomy1

Organisms21

Diseases38

Chemicals and Drugs6

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes11

Disciplines and Occupations7

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena6

Technology, Industry, Agriculture12

Information Science12

Named Groups2

Health Care51

Geographicals7

Tuberculosis outbreaks in prison housing units for HIV-infected inmates--California, 1995-1996. (1/11802)

Role of schools in the transmission of measles in rural Senegal: implications for measles control in developing countries. (2/11802)

I(3/11802)

W(4/11802)

Asthma visits to emergency rooms and soybean unloading in the harbors of Valencia and A Coruna, Spain. (5/11802)

The European mesothelioma epidemic. (6/11802)

A multistate, foodborne outbreak of hepatitis A. National Hepatitis A Investigation Team. (7/11802)

A community outbreak of invasive and non-invasive group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal disease in a town in South Wales. (8/11802)

Disease Outbreaks

Foodborne Diseases

Communicable Diseases

Public Health Informatics

Communicable Diseases, Emerging

Population Surveillance

Bioterrorism

Aquaculture

Biosurveillance

Salmonella Food Poisoning

Quarantine

Food Contamination

Gastroenteritis

Food Microbiology

Swimming Pools

Communicable Disease Control

Animal Diseases

Epidemiologic Measurements

Water Microbiology

Norovirus

Sentinel Surveillance

Disease Notification

Space-Time Clustering

Fish Diseases

Epidemics

Rupicapra

Euthanasia, Animal

Water Pollution

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.)

Phylogeny

Zoonoses

Food Inspection

Cluster Analysis

Foot-and-Mouth Disease

Seasons

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Molecular Epidemiology

Public Health

Laboratory Personnel

Water Supply

Food Handling

Legionnaires' Disease

Influenza, Human

Disease Transmission, Infectious

Cryptosporidiosis

Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field

Influenza in Birds

United States

Basic Reproduction Number

Public Health Surveillance

Cucurbitaceae

Infection Control

Africa, Eastern

Patient Isolation

Disaster Planning

Serotyping

Epidemiology

Cattle Diseases

Animals, Domestic

Water Pollutants

Poultry

Cryptosporidium

Feces

Spatio-Temporal Analysis

Escherichia coli O157

Molecular Typing

Penaeidae

Animals, Wild

Geography

Drinking Water

Meningococcal Infections

Models, Theoretical

Cross Infection

Spatial Analysis

Disease Reservoirs

RNA Virus Infections

Bacterial Typing Techniques

Pasteurization

Public Health Practice