Insurance providing for payment of services rendered by the pharmacist. Services include the preparation and distribution of medical products.
The interchange of goods or commodities, especially on a large scale, between different countries or between populations within the same country. It includes trade (the buying, selling, or exchanging of commodities, whether wholesale or retail) and business (the purchase and sale of goods to make a profit). (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed, p411, p2005 & p283)
A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.
Drugs whose drug name is not protected by a trademark. They may be manufactured by several companies.
The amount that a health care institution or organization pays for its drugs. It is one component of the final price that is charged to the consumer (FEES, PHARMACEUTICAL or PRESCRIPTION FEES).
A measurement index derived from a modification of standard life-table procedures and designed to take account of the quality as well as the duration of survival. This index can be used in assessing the outcome of health care procedures or services. (BIOETHICS Thesaurus, 1994)
A method of examining and setting levels of payments.
Statistical models of the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services, as well as of financial considerations. For the application of statistics to the testing and quantifying of economic theories MODELS, ECONOMETRIC is available.
Reductions in all or any portion of the costs of providing goods or services. Savings may be incurred by the provider or the consumer.
Status not subject to taxation; as the income of a philanthropic organization. Tax-exempt organizations may also qualify to receive tax-deductible donations if they are considered to be nonprofit corporations under Section 501(c)3 of the United States Internal Revenue Code.
The combined discipline of psychology and economics that investigates what happens in markets in which some of the agents display human limitations and complications.
The charge levied on the consumer for drugs or therapy prescribed under written order of a physician or other health professional.
A professional society in the United States whose membership is composed of hospitals.
An act performed without delay, reflection, voluntary direction or obvious control in response to a stimulus.
The obtaining and management of funds for hospital needs and responsibility for fiscal affairs.
Works about lists of drugs or collections of recipes, formulas, and prescriptions for the compounding of medicinal preparations. Formularies differ from PHARMACOPOEIAS in that they are less complete, lacking full descriptions of the drugs, their formulations, analytic composition, chemical properties, etc. In hospitals, formularies list all drugs commonly stocked in the hospital pharmacy.
A stochastic process such that the conditional probability distribution for a state at any future instant, given the present state, is unaffected by any additional knowledge of the past history of the system.
The process of bargaining in order to arrive at an agreement or compromise on a matter of importance to the parties involved. It also applies to the hearing and determination of a case by a third party chosen by the parties in controversy, as well as the interposing of a third party to reconcile the parties in controversy.
The intrinsic moral worth ascribed to a living being. (Bioethics Thesaurus)
The application of mathematical formulas and statistical techniques to the testing and quantifying of economic theories and the solution of economic problems.
An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.
Exploitation through misrepresentation of the facts or concealment of the purposes of the exploiter.
Application of marketing principles and techniques to maximize the use of health care resources.
The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.
Governmental levies on property, inheritance, gifts, etc.
Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.
The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.
A component of the Department of Health and Human Services to oversee and direct the Medicare and Medicaid programs and related Federal medical care quality control staffs. Name was changed effective June 14, 2001.
The selection of one food over another.
The effort of two or more parties to secure the business of a third party by offering, usually under fair or equitable rules of business practice, the most favorable terms.
The production and movement of food items from point of origin to use or consumption.
Outside services provided to an institution under a formal financial agreement.
Payments or services provided under stated circumstances under the terms of an insurance policy. In prepayment programs, benefits are the services the programs will provide at defined locations and to the extent needed.
Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.
The process of discovering or asserting an objective or intrinsic relation between two objects or concepts; a faculty or power that enables a person to make judgments; the process of bringing to light and asserting the implicit meaning of a concept; a critical evaluation of a person or situation.
Drugs that cannot be sold legally without a prescription.
The term "United States" in a medical context often refers to the country where a patient or study participant resides, and is not a medical term per se, but relevant for epidemiological studies, healthcare policies, and understanding differences in disease prevalence, treatment patterns, and health outcomes across various geographic locations.
Based on known statistical data, the number of years which any person of a given age may reasonably expected to live.
Provisions of an insurance policy that require the insured to pay some portion of covered expenses. Several forms of sharing are in use, e.g., deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments. Cost sharing does not refer to or include amounts paid in premiums for the coverage. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XVIII-Health Insurance for the Aged, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, that provides health insurance benefits to persons over the age of 65 and others eligible for Social Security benefits. It consists of two separate but coordinated programs: hospital insurance (MEDICARE PART A) and supplementary medical insurance (MEDICARE PART B). (Hospital Administration Terminology, AHA, 2d ed and A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, US House of Representatives, 1976)
A measure of inpatient health facility use based upon the average number or proportion of beds occupied for a given period of time.
Payment by individuals or their family for health care services which are not covered by a third-party payer, either insurance or medical assistance.
The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.
The process by which decisions are made in an institution or other organization.
Criteria to determine eligibility of patients for medical care programs and services.
A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.
The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.
Directions written for the obtaining and use of DRUGS.
A situation in which the level of living of an individual, family, or group is below the standard of the community. It is often related to a specific income level.
Generally refers to the amount of protection available and the kind of loss which would be paid for under an insurance contract with an insurer. (Slee & Slee, Health Care Terms, 2d ed)
Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.
Mathematical or statistical procedures used as aids in making a decision. They are frequently used in medical decision-making.
The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.
A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.
The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.
The integration of epidemiologic, sociological, economic, and other analytic sciences in the study of health services. Health services research is usually concerned with relationships between need, demand, supply, use, and outcome of health services. The aim of the research is evaluation, particularly in terms of structure, process, output, and outcome. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.
Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.
Behaviors expressed by individuals to protect, maintain or promote their health status. For example, proper diet, and appropriate exercise are activities perceived to influence health status. Life style is closely associated with health behavior and factors influencing life style are socioeconomic, educational, and cultural.
Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.
Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.
Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Pharmaceutical services insurance refers to a type of coverage that helps individuals and families pay for their prescription medications. This type of insurance is often offered as part of a larger health insurance plan, but can also be purchased as a standalone policy.

The specifics of pharmaceutical services insurance coverage can vary widely depending on the policy. Some plans may cover only generic medications, while others may cover both brand-name and generic drugs. Additionally, some policies may require individuals to pay a portion of the cost of their prescriptions in the form of copays or coinsurance, while others may cover the full cost of medications.

Pharmaceutical services insurance can be especially important for individuals who have chronic medical conditions that require ongoing treatment with expensive prescription medications. By helping to offset the cost of these medications, pharmaceutical services insurance can make it easier for people to afford the care they need to manage their health and improve their quality of life.

I believe you may have mixed up the terms "medicine" and "commerce." Commerce is a broad term that refers to the buying and selling of goods and services. It is not typically used in a medical context, so it does not have a specific medical definition. However, I can provide you with some related terms that might be helpful:

1. Medical commerce: This term generally refers to the business aspects of healthcare, such as the buying and selling of medical supplies, equipment, and services. It may also refer to the economic relationships between various stakeholders in the healthcare system, including providers, insurers, pharmaceutical companies, and patients.
2. Telemedicine commerce: This term specifically refers to the use of technology to facilitate remote consultations and transactions between healthcare providers and patients. Examples include online appointment scheduling, virtual consultations, and electronic prescribing.
3. Medical tourism: This is a form of commerce where people travel to other countries to receive medical treatment or procedures that may be less expensive or more accessible than in their home country. It can also refer to the business of providing medical services to international patients.
4. Healthcare marketing: This term refers to the activities and strategies used by healthcare organizations to promote their products, services, and brands to potential customers. It includes advertising, public relations, social media, content marketing, and other tactics designed to build awareness, generate leads, and drive sales.

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions or concerns.

Cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is a systematic process used to compare the costs and benefits of different options to determine which one provides the greatest net benefit. In a medical context, CBA can be used to evaluate the value of medical interventions, treatments, or policies by estimating and monetizing all the relevant costs and benefits associated with each option.

The costs included in a CBA may include direct costs such as the cost of the intervention or treatment itself, as well as indirect costs such as lost productivity or time away from work. Benefits may include improved health outcomes, reduced morbidity or mortality, and increased quality of life.

Once all the relevant costs and benefits have been identified and quantified, they are typically expressed in monetary terms to allow for a direct comparison. The option with the highest net benefit (i.e., the difference between total benefits and total costs) is considered the most cost-effective.

It's important to note that CBA has some limitations and can be subject to various biases and assumptions, so it should be used in conjunction with other evaluation methods to ensure a comprehensive understanding of the value of medical interventions or policies.

A generic drug is a medication that contains the same active ingredients as an originally marketed brand-name drug, known as its "innovator" or "reference listed" drug. The active ingredient is the component of the drug that is responsible for its therapeutic effect. Generic drugs are required to have the same quality, strength, purity, and stability as their brand-name counterparts. They must also meet the same rigorous Food and Drug Administration (FDA) standards regarding safety, effectiveness, and manufacturing.

Generic drugs are typically less expensive than their brand-name equivalents because generic manufacturers do not have to repeat the costly clinical trials that were required for the innovator drug. Instead, they demonstrate through bioequivalence studies that their product is therapeutically equivalent to the reference listed drug. This means that the generic drug delivers the same amount of active ingredient into a patient's bloodstream in the same timeframe as the brand-name drug.

In summary, generic drugs are copies of brand-name drugs with the same active ingredients, dosage forms, strengths, routes of administration, and intended uses. They must meet FDA regulations for safety, efficacy, and manufacturing standards, ensuring that they provide patients with the same therapeutic benefits as their brand-name counterparts at a more affordable price.

"Drug costs" refer to the amount of money that must be paid to acquire and use a particular medication. These costs can include the following:

1. The actual purchase price of the drug, which may vary depending on factors such as the dosage form, strength, and quantity of the medication, as well as whether it is obtained through a retail pharmacy, mail-order service, or other distribution channel.
2. Any additional fees or charges associated with obtaining the drug, such as shipping and handling costs, insurance copayments or coinsurance amounts, and deductibles.
3. The cost of any necessary medical services or supplies that are required to administer the drug, such as syringes, needles, or alcohol swabs for injectable medications, or nebulizers for inhaled drugs.
4. The cost of monitoring and managing any potential side effects or complications associated with the use of the drug, which may include additional medical appointments, laboratory tests, or other diagnostic procedures.

It is important to note that drug costs can vary widely depending on a variety of factors, including the patient's insurance coverage, the pharmacy where the drug is obtained, and any discounts or rebates that may be available. Patients are encouraged to shop around for the best prices and to explore all available options for reducing their out-of-pocket costs, such as using generic medications or participating in manufacturer savings programs.

Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs) is a measure of health outcomes that combines both the quality and quantity of life lived in a single metric. It is often used in economic evaluations of healthcare interventions to estimate their value for money. QALYs are calculated by multiplying the number of years of life gained by a weighting factor that reflects the quality of life experienced during those years, typically on a scale from 0 (representing death) to 1 (representing perfect health). For example, if a healthcare intervention extends a person's life by an additional five years but they experience only 80% of full health during that time, the QALY gain would be 4 (5 x 0.8). This measure allows for comparisons to be made between different interventions and their impact on both length and quality of life.

"Rate setting and review" is not a commonly used medical term with a specific definition in the field. However, I can provide you with information about what these terms might refer to in a broader healthcare context:

Rate setting generally refers to the process of determining the payment rates for healthcare services, programs, or products. This could involve setting reimbursement rates for medical procedures, medications, or durable medical equipment under government-funded health insurance programs like Medicare and Medicaid, or in the private insurance sector. Rate setting can be influenced by various factors, including the cost of providing care, resource utilization, quality metrics, and market competition.

Review, in this context, typically refers to the process of evaluating and assessing healthcare services, programs, or products to ensure their quality, effectiveness, and efficiency. This could involve reviewing medical records, clinical outcomes, and financial data to determine if the care provided is consistent with evidence-based guidelines, industry best practices, and regulatory requirements. Regular reviews are essential for maintaining high standards of care, identifying areas for improvement, and ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently.

Together, "rate setting and review" may refer to a comprehensive approach to managing healthcare costs and quality by establishing appropriate payment rates while continuously monitoring and improving the effectiveness and efficiency of healthcare services.

Economic models in the context of healthcare and medicine are theoretical frameworks used to analyze and predict the economic impact and cost-effectiveness of healthcare interventions, treatments, or policies. These models utilize clinical and epidemiological data, as well as information on resource use and costs, to estimate outcomes such as quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained, incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs), and budget impacts. The purpose of economic models is to inform decision-making and allocate resources in an efficient and evidence-based manner. Examples of economic models include decision tree analysis, Markov models, and simulation models.

Cost savings in a medical context generally refers to the reduction in expenses or resources expended in the delivery of healthcare services, treatments, or procedures. This can be achieved through various means such as implementing more efficient processes, utilizing less expensive treatment options when appropriate, preventing complications or readmissions, and negotiating better prices for drugs or supplies.

Cost savings can also result from comparative effectiveness research, which compares the relative benefits and harms of different medical interventions to help doctors and patients make informed decisions about which treatment is most appropriate and cost-effective for a given condition.

Ultimately, cost savings in healthcare aim to improve the overall value of care delivered by reducing unnecessary expenses while maintaining or improving quality outcomes for patients.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Tax Exemption" is not a medical term. It is a term used in the field of tax law and finance. Tax exemption refers to the ability to exclude all or part of one's income from taxes. Certain organizations, such as non-profit organizations or government entities, can be tax-exempt, meaning they do not have to pay taxes on their income. Additionally, individuals may also qualify for certain tax exemptions, such as those for dependents.

Behavioral economics in the field of medicine refers to the study of how psychological, social, and emotional factors influence the economic decisions and behaviors of individuals and groups within the healthcare system. This interdisciplinary approach combines insights from psychology, economics, and other social sciences to examine how various factors such as cognitive biases, heuristics, emotions, social norms, and cultural influences affect health-related decision-making by patients, healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders.

By understanding these behavioral factors, researchers and practitioners can develop more effective interventions, policies, and strategies to improve health outcomes, promote evidence-based practices, reduce healthcare costs, and enhance patient satisfaction and well-being. Examples of applications of behavioral economics in medicine include nudging patients toward healthier choices, reducing overuse and underuse of medical services, promoting shared decision-making between patients and providers, and designing insurance plans and payment systems that incentivize high-value care.

A prescription fee is not a medical definition per se, but rather a term used in the context of pharmacy and healthcare services. It refers to the charge for dispensing a medication that has been prescribed by a healthcare professional. The prescription fee may cover the cost of the medication itself, as well as any additional services provided by the pharmacist, such as counseling on how to take the medication, potential side effects, and monitoring requirements.

Prescription fees may vary depending on the location, the type of medication, and the healthcare system in place. In some cases, prescription fees may be covered or subsidized by health insurance plans, while in other cases, patients may be responsible for paying the fee out of pocket. It is important for patients to understand their prescription coverage and any associated costs before filling a prescription.

The American Hospital Association (AHA) is a national organization that represents and serves hospitals, healthcare networks, and their patients and communities. The AHA advocates for hospital and health system issues at the federal level, provides information and education resources to its members, and collaborates with other organizations to improve the overall state of healthcare in the United States.

The mission of the AHA is to advance the health of individuals and communities by providing leadership and advocacy that promotes the best practices and policies for hospitals and health systems. The organization works to ensure that hospitals have the resources they need to provide high-quality care, and it seeks to address the challenges facing the healthcare industry, such as rising costs, access to care, and health disparities.

The AHA is made up of a diverse group of members, including community hospitals, academic medical centers, children's hospitals, and long-term care facilities. The organization provides a range of services to its members, including policy analysis, advocacy, education, and research. It also offers various publications, conferences, and networking opportunities to help members stay informed and connected.

Overall, the American Hospital Association plays an important role in shaping healthcare policies and practices in the United States, working to ensure that hospitals have the resources they need to provide high-quality care to their patients and communities.

Impulsive behavior can be defined medically as actions performed without proper thought or consideration of the consequences, driven by immediate needs, desires, or urges. It often involves risky or inappropriate behaviors that may lead to negative outcomes. In a clinical context, impulsivity is frequently associated with certain mental health conditions such as ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder), bipolar disorder, borderline personality disorder, and some neurological conditions. It's important to note that everyone can exhibit impulsive behavior at times, but when it becomes a persistent pattern causing distress or functional impairment, it may indicate an underlying condition requiring professional assessment and treatment.

Financial management in a hospital setting refers to the planning, organizing, directing, and controlling of financial resources in order to achieve the hospital's mission, vision, and strategic objectives. This includes developing financial strategies, preparing budget plans, managing revenue cycles, controlling costs, ensuring compliance with financial regulations, and making informed decisions about resource allocation. Effective financial management is critical for the sustainability and growth of hospitals, as it enables them to provide high-quality patient care while maintaining fiscal responsibility.

A formulary is a list of prescription drugs, both generic and brand-name, that are approved for use in a specific health plan or healthcare system. The formulary includes information on the preferred drugs within each therapeutic class, along with any restrictions or limitations on their use. Formularies are developed and maintained by a committee of healthcare professionals, including pharmacists and physicians, who evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of different medications.

The purpose of a formulary is to promote the appropriate use of medications, improve patient outcomes, and manage healthcare costs. By establishing a preferred list of drugs, health plans and healthcare systems can negotiate better prices with pharmaceutical manufacturers and ensure that patients receive high-quality, evidence-based care.

Formularies may include various types of medications, such as oral solid dosage forms, injectables, inhalants, topicals, and others. They are typically organized by therapeutic class, and each drug is assigned a tier based on its cost and clinical value. Tier 1 drugs are usually preferred generics or lower-cost brand-name medications, while Tier 2 drugs may be higher-cost brand-name medications that have no generic equivalent. Tier 3 drugs are typically specialty medications that are used to treat complex or rare conditions and are often associated with high costs.

Healthcare providers are encouraged to prescribe drugs that are listed on the formulary, as these medications have been thoroughly reviewed and deemed safe and effective for use in their patient population. However, there may be situations where a non-formulary medication is necessary to treat a particular patient's condition. In such cases, healthcare providers can request an exception or prior authorization to prescribe the non-formulary drug.

Formularies are regularly updated to reflect new drugs that come on the market, changes in clinical guidelines, and shifts in the therapeutic landscape. Health plans and healthcare systems may also modify their formularies in response to feedback from patients and providers or to address concerns about safety, efficacy, or cost.

In summary, a formulary is a comprehensive list of prescription drugs that are approved for use in a specific health plan or healthcare system. Formularies promote the appropriate use of medications, improve patient outcomes, and manage costs by encouraging the prescribing of safe and effective drugs that have been thoroughly reviewed and deemed appropriate for their patient population.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Markov Chains" is a term from the field of mathematics and probability theory, not medicine. Markov Chains are mathematical systems that undergo transitions from one state to another according to certain probabilistic rules. They are named after Russian mathematician Andrey Markov. These chains are used in various fields, including computer science, physics, economics, and engineering, but not commonly in medical definitions or contexts.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "negotiating" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. Negotiation is a process in which different parties come together to reach a mutually satisfactory agreement on a particular matter. It is often used in various contexts such as business, politics, and law, but it is not typically used in the context of medical terminology.

If you have any questions related to medical terminology or healthcare, I would be happy to try and help answer them for you!

There is no universally accepted medical definition for "Value of Life" as it is a concept that encompasses both medical, ethical, and philosophical considerations. However, in the context of healthcare, the value of life may refer to the benefits, outcomes, or improvements in quality of life that are gained through medical interventions or treatments. This can include extending lifespan, improving functional ability, relieving symptoms, and enhancing overall well-being.

Ultimately, the value of life is subjective and depends on individual and societal values, beliefs, and preferences. Healthcare providers must consider these factors when making treatment decisions and engaging in end-of-life care discussions with patients and their families. It's important to note that the medical community does not assign a monetary value to human life.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Models, Econometric" is not a medical term. Econometric models are statistical tools used in the field of economics to estimate economic relationships and forecast future outcomes. They are based on economic theory and use historical data to estimate the parameters of mathematical equations that describe these relationships.

If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to try to help! Just let me know what you're looking for.

In the context of medicine, particularly in behavioral neuroscience and psychology, "reward" is not typically used as a definitive medical term. However, it generally refers to a positive outcome or incentive that reinforces certain behaviors, making them more likely to be repeated in the future. This can involve various stimuli such as food, water, sexual activity, social interaction, or drug use, among others.

In the brain, rewards are associated with the activation of the reward system, primarily the mesolimbic dopamine pathway, which includes the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). The release of dopamine in these areas is thought to reinforce and motivate behavior linked to rewards.

It's important to note that while "reward" has a specific meaning in this context, it is not a formal medical diagnosis or condition. Instead, it is a concept used to understand the neural and psychological mechanisms underlying motivation, learning, and addiction.

In the context of medical law and ethics, fraud refers to a deliberate and intentional deception or misrepresentation of facts, motivated by personal gain, which is made by a person or entity in a position of trust, such as a healthcare professional or organization. This deception can occur through various means, including the provision of false information, the concealment of important facts, or the manipulation of data.

Medical fraud can take many forms, including:

1. Billing fraud: This occurs when healthcare providers submit false claims to insurance companies or government programs like Medicare and Medicaid for services that were not provided, were unnecessary, or were more expensive than the services actually rendered.
2. Prescription fraud: Healthcare professionals may engage in prescription fraud by writing unnecessary prescriptions for controlled substances, such as opioids, for their own use or to sell on the black market. They may also alter prescriptions or use stolen identities to obtain these drugs.
3. Research fraud: Scientists and researchers can commit fraud by manipulating or falsifying data in clinical trials, experiments, or studies to support predetermined outcomes or to secure funding and recognition.
4. Credentialing fraud: Healthcare professionals may misrepresent their qualifications, licenses, or certifications to gain employment or admitting privileges at healthcare facilities.
5. Identity theft: Stealing someone's personal information to obtain medical services, prescription medications, or insurance benefits is another form of medical fraud.

Medical fraud not only has severe legal consequences for those found guilty but also undermines the trust between patients and healthcare providers, jeopardizes patient safety, and contributes to rising healthcare costs.

"Marketing of Health Services" refers to the application of marketing principles and strategies to promote, sell, and deliver health care services to individuals, families, or communities. This can include activities such as advertising, public relations, promotions, and sales to increase awareness and demand for health services, as well as researching and analyzing consumer needs and preferences to tailor health services to better meet those needs. The ultimate goal of marketing in health services is to improve access to and utilization of high-quality health care while maintaining ethical standards and ensuring patient satisfaction.

Choice behavior refers to the selection or decision-making process in which an individual consciously or unconsciously chooses one option over others based on their preferences, values, experiences, and motivations. In a medical context, choice behavior may relate to patients' decisions about their healthcare, such as selecting a treatment option, choosing a healthcare provider, or adhering to a prescribed medication regimen. Understanding choice behavior is essential in shaping health policies, developing patient-centered care models, and improving overall health outcomes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Taxes" is not a medical term. It refers to a compulsory financial charge or levy imposed on individuals or entities by a governmental authority to fund various public expenditures and services. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Costs refer to the total amount of resources, such as money, time, and labor, that are expended in the provision of a medical service or treatment. Costs can be categorized into direct costs, which include expenses directly related to patient care, such as medication, supplies, and personnel; and indirect costs, which include overhead expenses, such as rent, utilities, and administrative salaries.

Cost analysis is the process of estimating and evaluating the total cost of a medical service or treatment. This involves identifying and quantifying all direct and indirect costs associated with the provision of care, and analyzing how these costs may vary based on factors such as patient volume, resource utilization, and reimbursement rates.

Cost analysis is an important tool for healthcare organizations to understand the financial implications of their operations and make informed decisions about resource allocation, pricing strategies, and quality improvement initiatives. It can also help policymakers and payers evaluate the cost-effectiveness of different treatment options and develop evidence-based guidelines for clinical practice.

Health care costs refer to the expenses incurred for medical services, treatments, procedures, and products that are used to maintain or restore an individual's health. These costs can be categorized into several types:

1. Direct costs: These include payments made for doctor visits, hospital stays, medications, diagnostic tests, surgeries, and other medical treatments and services. Direct costs can be further divided into two subcategories:
* Out-of-pocket costs: Expenses paid directly by patients, such as co-payments, deductibles, coinsurance, and any uncovered medical services or products.
* Third-party payer costs: Expenses covered by insurance companies, government programs (like Medicare, Medicaid), or other entities that pay for health care services on behalf of patients.
2. Indirect costs: These are the expenses incurred as a result of illness or injury that indirectly impact an individual's ability to work and earn a living. Examples include lost productivity, absenteeism, reduced earning capacity, and disability benefits.
3. Non-medical costs: These are expenses related to caregiving, transportation, home modifications, assistive devices, and other non-medical services required for managing health conditions or disabilities.

Health care costs can vary significantly depending on factors such as the type of medical service, geographic location, insurance coverage, and individual health status. Understanding these costs is essential for patients, healthcare providers, policymakers, and researchers to make informed decisions about treatment options, resource allocation, and health system design.

Food preferences are personal likes or dislikes towards certain types of food or drinks, which can be influenced by various factors such as cultural background, individual experiences, taste, texture, smell, appearance, and psychological factors. Food preferences can also be shaped by dietary habits, nutritional needs, health conditions, and medication requirements. They play a significant role in shaping an individual's dietary choices and overall eating behavior, which can have implications for their nutritional status, growth, development, and long-term health outcomes.

Economic competition in the context of healthcare and medicine generally refers to the rivalry among healthcare providers, organizations, or pharmaceutical companies competing for patients, resources, market share, or funding. This competition can drive innovation, improve quality of care, and increase efficiency. However, it can also lead to cost-containment measures that may negatively impact patient care and safety.

In the pharmaceutical industry, economic competition exists between different companies developing and marketing similar drugs. This competition can result in lower prices for consumers and incentives for innovation, but it can also lead to unethical practices such as price gouging or misleading advertising.

Regulation and oversight are crucial to ensure that economic competition in healthcare and medicine promotes the well-being of patients and the public while discouraging harmful practices.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Supply" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a more general term related to the availability and distribution of food. However, in a broader public health context, "food supply" can refer to the overall system and infrastructure that provides food to a population, including agricultural practices, food processing, distribution, and accessibility. Ensuring a safe and adequate food supply is an important aspect of public health and preventive medicine.

I am not a medical professional, but I can tell you that the term "contract services" is more commonly used in business and healthcare administration than in clinical medicine. It generally refers to an agreement between a healthcare provider or organization and another entity for the delivery of specific medical services over a defined period of time. The contract outlines the scope, expectations, and compensation for these services.

For example, a hospital may have a contract with a staffing agency to provide nursing personnel on a temporary basis. Or, an insurance company might have a contract with a network of healthcare providers to deliver medical care to their policyholders at agreed-upon rates. These arrangements can help ensure consistent quality and cost control in the delivery of healthcare services.

Insurance benefits refer to the coverage, payments or services that a health insurance company provides to its policyholders based on the terms of their insurance plan. These benefits can include things like:

* Payment for all or a portion of medical services, such as doctor visits, hospital stays, and prescription medications
* Coverage for specific treatments or procedures, such as cancer treatment or surgery
* Reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses, such as deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments
* Case management and care coordination services to help policyholders navigate the healthcare system and receive appropriate care.

The specific benefits provided will vary depending on the type of insurance plan and the level of coverage purchased by the policyholder. It is important for individuals to understand their insurance benefits and how they can access them in order to make informed decisions about their healthcare.

'Government Financing' in the context of healthcare refers to the role of government in funding healthcare services, programs, and infrastructure. This can be achieved through various mechanisms such as:

1. Direct provision of healthcare services: The government operates and funds its own hospitals, clinics, and other healthcare facilities, where it employs healthcare professionals to deliver care.
2. Public insurance programs: The government establishes and manages health insurance programs, like Medicare and Medicaid in the United States, which provide coverage for specific populations and reimburse healthcare providers for services delivered to enrollees.
3. Tax subsidies and incentives: Governments may offer tax breaks or other financial incentives to encourage private investments in healthcare infrastructure, research, and development.
4. Grants and loans: Government agencies can provide funding to healthcare organizations, researchers, and educational institutions in the form of grants and loans for specific projects, programs, or initiatives.
5. Public-private partnerships (PPPs): Governments collaborate with private entities to jointly fund and manage healthcare services, facilities, or infrastructure projects.

Government financing plays a significant role in shaping healthcare systems and ensuring access to care for vulnerable populations. The extent of government involvement in financing varies across countries, depending on their political, economic, and social contexts.

In the context of medical definitions, "judgment" generally refers to the ability to make decisions or form opinions regarding a patient's condition or treatment. It involves critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and knowledge of medical principles and practices. In some cases, it may also refer to a medical professional's assessment or evaluation of a patient's health status or response to treatment.

However, it is important to note that "judgment" is not a term with a specific medical definition, and its meaning can vary depending on the context in which it is used. In general, it refers to the ability to make sound decisions based on evidence, experience, and expertise.

Prescription drugs are medications that are only available to patients with a valid prescription from a licensed healthcare professional, such as a doctor or nurse practitioner. These drugs cannot be legally obtained over-the-counter and require a prescription due to their potential for misuse, abuse, or serious side effects. They are typically used to treat complex medical conditions, manage symptoms of chronic illnesses, or provide necessary pain relief in certain situations.

Prescription drugs are classified based on their active ingredients and therapeutic uses. In the United States, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) categorizes them into five schedules (I-V) depending on their potential for abuse and dependence. Schedule I substances have the highest potential for abuse and no accepted medical use, while schedule V substances have a lower potential for abuse and are often used for legitimate medical purposes.

Examples of prescription drugs include opioid painkillers like oxycodone and hydrocodone, stimulants such as Adderall and Ritalin, benzodiazepines like Xanax and Ativan, and various other medications used to treat conditions such as epilepsy, depression, anxiety, and high blood pressure.

It is essential to use prescription drugs only as directed by a healthcare professional, as misuse or abuse can lead to severe health consequences, including addiction, overdose, and even death.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!

Life expectancy is a statistical measure that indicates the average amount of time a person is expected to live, based on their current age and other demographic factors such as sex, health status, and geographical location. It is often calculated using data from population studies and represents the number of years of life remaining at a given age, assuming that current mortality rates continue to apply.

For example, if the life expectancy at birth in a particular population is 80 years, it means that on average, newborns in that population are expected to live to be 80 years old. However, it's important to note that life expectancy is a statistical measure and does not predict the exact lifespan of any individual person.

Cost sharing in a medical or healthcare context refers to the portion of health care costs that are paid by the patient or health plan member, rather than by their insurance company. Cost sharing can take various forms, including deductibles, coinsurance, and copayments.

A deductible is the amount that a patient must pay out of pocket for medical services before their insurance coverage kicks in. For example, if a health plan has a $1,000 deductible, the patient must pay the first $1,000 of their medical expenses before their insurance starts covering costs.

Coinsurance is the percentage of medical costs that a patient is responsible for paying after they have met their deductible. For example, if a health plan has 20% coinsurance, the patient would pay 20% of the cost of medical services, and their insurance would cover the remaining 80%.

Copayments are fixed amounts that patients must pay for specific medical services, such as doctor visits or prescription medications. Copayments are typically paid at the time of service and do not count towards a patient's deductible.

Cost sharing is intended to encourage patients to be more cost-conscious in their use of healthcare services, as they have a financial incentive to seek out lower-cost options. However, high levels of cost sharing can also create barriers to accessing necessary medical care, particularly for low-income individuals and families.

Medicare is a social insurance program in the United States, administered by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), that provides health insurance coverage to people who are aged 65 and over; or who have certain disabilities; or who have End-Stage Renal Disease (permanent kidney failure requiring dialysis or a transplant).

The program consists of four parts:

1. Hospital Insurance (Part A), which helps pay for inpatient care in hospitals, skilled nursing facilities, hospices, and home health care.
2. Medical Insurance (Part B), which helps pay for doctors' services, outpatient care, medical supplies, and preventive services.
3. Medicare Advantage Plans (Part C), which are private insurance plans that provide all of your Part A and Part B benefits, and may include additional benefits like dental, vision, and hearing coverage.
4. Prescription Drug Coverage (Part D), which helps pay for medications doctors prescribe for treatment.

Medicare is funded by payroll taxes, premiums paid by beneficiaries, and general revenue. Beneficiaries typically pay a monthly premium for Part B and Part D coverage, while Part A is generally free for those who have worked and paid Medicare taxes for at least 40 quarters.

Bed occupancy, in the context of healthcare management, refers to the ratio of the number of beds occupied by patients to the total number of available beds in a hospital or healthcare facility. It is a measure used to assess the utilization of hospital resources and can help inform decisions related to capacity planning, staffing, and budgeting.

Bed occupancy rate is calculated as follows:

Bed Occupancy Rate = (Number of occupied beds / Total number of available beds) x 100%

For example, if a hospital has 200 beds and 180 of them are currently occupied by patients, the bed occupancy rate would be 90%.

It is important to note that while a high bed occupancy rate may indicate efficient use of resources, it can also lead to overcrowding, longer wait times for admission, and increased risk of healthcare-associated infections. Therefore, maintaining an optimal balance between resource utilization and patient safety is crucial in managing bed occupancy.

Personal Financing is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, it refers to the management of an individual's financial resources, such as income, assets, liabilities, and debts, to meet their personal needs and goals. This can include budgeting, saving, investing, planning for retirement, and managing debt.

In the context of healthcare, personal financing may refer to the ability of individuals to pay for their own medical care expenses, including health insurance premiums, deductibles, co-pays, and out-of-pocket costs. This can be a significant concern for many people, particularly those with chronic medical conditions or disabilities who may face ongoing healthcare expenses.

Personal financing for healthcare may involve various strategies, such as setting aside savings, using health savings accounts (HSAs) or flexible spending accounts (FSAs), purchasing health insurance policies with lower premiums but higher out-of-pocket costs, or negotiating payment plans with healthcare providers. Ultimately, personal financing for healthcare involves making informed decisions about how to allocate financial resources to meet both immediate and long-term medical needs while also balancing other financial goals and responsibilities.

Decision-making is the cognitive process of selecting a course of action from among multiple alternatives. In a medical context, decision-making refers to the process by which healthcare professionals and patients make choices about medical tests, treatments, or management options based on a thorough evaluation of available information, including the patient's preferences, values, and circumstances.

The decision-making process in medicine typically involves several steps:

1. Identifying the problem or issue that requires a decision.
2. Gathering relevant information about the patient's medical history, current condition, diagnostic test results, treatment options, and potential outcomes.
3. Considering the benefits, risks, and uncertainties associated with each option.
4. Evaluating the patient's preferences, values, and goals.
5. Selecting the most appropriate course of action based on a careful weighing of the available evidence and the patient's individual needs and circumstances.
6. Communicating the decision to the patient and ensuring that they understand the rationale behind it, as well as any potential risks or benefits.
7. Monitoring the outcomes of the decision and adjusting the course of action as needed based on ongoing evaluation and feedback.

Effective decision-making in medicine requires a thorough understanding of medical evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences. It also involves careful consideration of ethical principles, such as respect for autonomy, non-maleficence, beneficence, and justice. Ultimately, the goal of decision-making in healthcare is to promote the best possible outcomes for patients while minimizing harm and respecting their individual needs and values.

Organizational decision-making is a management process in which a group or team within an organization makes a judgment or choice among several options or alternatives to achieve specific goals or objectives. This process involves collecting and analyzing information, evaluating alternatives, selecting the best option, and implementing and monitoring the decision. It often requires collaboration, communication, and consensus-building among team members with diverse perspectives and expertise. Effective organizational decision-making can lead to better outcomes, improved performance, and increased innovation, while poor decision-making can result in missed opportunities, wasted resources, and decreased competitiveness.

Eligibility determination is the process of evaluating whether an individual meets the required criteria or conditions to be qualified for a particular program, benefit, service, or position. This process typically involves assessing various factors such as medical condition, functional abilities, financial status, age, and other relevant aspects based on the specific eligibility requirements.

In the context of healthcare and medical services, eligibility determination is often used to establish whether a patient qualifies for certain treatments, insurance coverage, government assistance programs (like Medicaid or Medicare), or disability benefits. This process may include reviewing medical records, conducting assessments, and comparing the individual's situation with established guidelines or criteria.

The primary goal of eligibility determination is to ensure that resources are allocated fairly and appropriately to those who genuinely need them and meet the necessary requirements.

Sertraline is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). It is primarily used to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, social anxiety disorder, and in some cases, premenstrual dysphoric disorder.

Sertraline works by increasing the levels of serotonin, a neurotransmitter in the brain that helps maintain mental balance, in the synaptic cleft (the space between two nerve cells where neurotransmitters are released and received). By inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin, sertraline enhances the signal strength and duration of action of this neurotransmitter, which can help alleviate symptoms associated with various mental health conditions.

It is important to note that sertraline should only be taken under the supervision of a healthcare professional, as it may have side effects and potential interactions with other medications. Always consult a medical provider for personalized advice regarding medication use.

Health expenditures refer to the total amount of money spent on health services, goods, and resources in a given period. This can include expenses for preventive care, medical treatments, medications, long-term care, and administrative costs. Health expenditures can be made by individuals, corporations, insurance companies, or governments, and they can be measured at the national, regional, or household level.

Health expenditures are often used as an indicator of a country's investment in its healthcare system and can reflect the overall health status of a population. High levels of health expenditures may indicate a strong commitment to healthcare, but they can also place a significant burden on individuals, businesses, and governments. Understanding patterns and trends in health expenditures is important for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers who are working to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accessibility of healthcare services.

A drug prescription is a written or electronic order provided by a licensed healthcare professional, such as a physician, dentist, or advanced practice nurse, to a pharmacist that authorizes the preparation and dispensing of a specific medication for a patient. The prescription typically includes important information such as the patient's name and date of birth, the name and strength of the medication, the dosage regimen, the duration of treatment, and any special instructions or precautions.

Prescriptions serve several purposes, including ensuring that patients receive the appropriate medication for their medical condition, preventing medication errors, and promoting safe and effective use of medications. They also provide a legal record of the medical provider's authorization for the pharmacist to dispense the medication to the patient.

There are two main types of prescriptions: written prescriptions and electronic prescriptions. Written prescriptions are handwritten or printed on paper, while electronic prescriptions are transmitted electronically from the medical provider to the pharmacy. Electronic prescriptions are becoming increasingly common due to their convenience, accuracy, and security.

It is important for patients to follow the instructions provided on their prescription carefully and to ask their healthcare provider or pharmacist any questions they may have about their medication. Failure to follow a drug prescription can result in improper use of the medication, which can lead to adverse effects, treatment failure, or even life-threatening situations.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "poverty" is not a medical condition or term. It is a social condition defined by the World Bank as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," and measured through indicators such as income, consumption, and access to basic services. Poverty can have significant impacts on health outcomes and healthcare access, but it is not considered a medical diagnosis. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to try my best to help answer them!

Insurance coverage, in the context of healthcare and medicine, refers to the financial protection provided by an insurance policy that covers all or a portion of the cost of medical services, treatments, and prescription drugs. The coverage is typically offered by health insurance companies, employers, or government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.

The specific services and treatments covered by insurance, as well as the out-of-pocket costs borne by the insured individual, are determined by the terms of the insurance policy. These terms may include deductibles, copayments, coinsurance, and coverage limits or exclusions. The goal of insurance coverage is to help individuals manage the financial risks associated with healthcare expenses and ensure access to necessary medical services.

In the context of healthcare and medical psychology, motivation refers to the driving force behind an individual's goal-oriented behavior. It is the internal or external stimuli that initiate, direct, and sustain a person's actions towards achieving their desired outcomes. Motivation can be influenced by various factors such as biological needs, personal values, emotional states, and social contexts.

In clinical settings, healthcare professionals often assess patients' motivation to engage in treatment plans, adhere to medical recommendations, or make lifestyle changes necessary for improving their health status. Enhancing a patient's motivation can significantly impact their ability to manage chronic conditions, recover from illnesses, and maintain overall well-being. Various motivational interviewing techniques and interventions are employed by healthcare providers to foster intrinsic motivation and support patients in achieving their health goals.

Decision support techniques are methods used to help individuals or groups make informed and effective decisions in a medical context. These techniques can involve various approaches, such as:

1. **Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS):** Computerized systems that provide clinicians with patient-specific information and evidence-based recommendations to assist in decision-making. CDSS can be integrated into electronic health records (EHRs) or standalone applications.

2. **Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM):** A systematic approach to clinical decision-making that involves the integration of best available research evidence, clinician expertise, and patient values and preferences. EBM emphasizes the importance of using high-quality scientific studies to inform medical decisions.

3. **Diagnostic Reasoning:** The process of formulating a diagnosis based on history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests. Diagnostic reasoning techniques may include pattern recognition, hypothetico-deductive reasoning, or a combination of both.

4. **Predictive Modeling:** The use of statistical models to predict patient outcomes based on historical data and clinical variables. These models can help clinicians identify high-risk patients and inform treatment decisions.

5. **Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA):** An economic evaluation technique that compares the costs and benefits of different medical interventions to determine which option provides the most value for money. CEA can assist decision-makers in allocating resources efficiently.

6. **Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA):** A structured approach to decision-making that involves identifying, evaluating, and comparing multiple criteria or objectives. MCDA can help clinicians and patients make complex decisions by accounting for various factors, such as efficacy, safety, cost, and patient preferences.

7. **Shared Decision-Making (SDM):** A collaborative approach to decision-making that involves the clinician and patient working together to choose the best course of action based on the available evidence, clinical expertise, and patient values and preferences. SDM aims to empower patients to participate actively in their care.

These techniques can be used individually or in combination to support medical decision-making and improve patient outcomes.

"Cost of Illness" is a medical-economic concept that refers to the total societal cost associated with a specific disease or health condition. It includes both direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are those that can be directly attributed to the illness, such as medical expenses for diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, and medications. Indirect costs include productivity losses due to morbidity (reduced efficiency while working) and mortality (lost earnings due to death). Other indirect costs may encompass expenses related to caregiving or special education needs. The Cost of Illness is often used in health policy decision-making, resource allocation, and evaluating the economic impact of diseases on society.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "vegetables" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a dietary category that includes various plant-based foods, typically referring to the edible parts of herbaceous plants excluding fruit (but including seeds), such as leaves, stems, roots, tubers, and bulbs.

However, in a nutritional or clinical context, vegetables are often defined by their nutrient content. For example, they may be classified as foods that are high in certain vitamins, minerals, and fiber, and low in calories and fat. Different healthcare professionals or organizations might have slightly different definitions or classifications of what constitutes a vegetable, but there is no single medical definition for this term.

In the context of medicine and healthcare, 'probability' does not have a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, probability is a branch of mathematics that deals with the study of numerical quantities called probabilities, which are assigned to events or sets of events. Probability is a measure of the likelihood that an event will occur. It is usually expressed as a number between 0 and 1, where 0 indicates that the event is impossible and 1 indicates that the event is certain to occur.

In medical research and statistics, probability is often used to quantify the uncertainty associated with statistical estimates or hypotheses. For example, a p-value is a probability that measures the strength of evidence against a hypothesis. A small p-value (typically less than 0.05) suggests that the observed data are unlikely under the assumption of the null hypothesis, and therefore provides evidence in favor of an alternative hypothesis.

Probability theory is also used to model complex systems and processes in medicine, such as disease transmission dynamics or the effectiveness of medical interventions. By quantifying the uncertainty associated with these models, researchers can make more informed decisions about healthcare policies and practices.

Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field of scientific investigation that studies how social factors, financing systems, organizational structures and processes, health technologies, and personal behaviors affect access to healthcare, the quality and cost of care, and ultimately, our health and well-being. The goal of HSR is to inform policy and practice, improve system performance, and enhance the health and well-being of individuals and communities. It involves the use of various research methods, including epidemiology, biostatistics, economics, sociology, management science, political science, and psychology, to answer questions about the healthcare system and how it can be improved.

Examples of HSR topics include:

* Evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of different healthcare interventions and technologies
* Studying patient-centered care and patient experiences with the healthcare system
* Examining healthcare workforce issues, such as shortages of primary care providers or the impact of nurse-to-patient ratios on patient outcomes
* Investigating the impact of health insurance design and financing systems on access to care and health disparities
* Analyzing the organization and delivery of healthcare services in different settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities
* Identifying best practices for improving healthcare quality and safety, reducing medical errors, and eliminating wasteful or unnecessary care.

In the field of medicine, "time factors" refer to the duration of symptoms or time elapsed since the onset of a medical condition, which can have significant implications for diagnosis and treatment. Understanding time factors is crucial in determining the progression of a disease, evaluating the effectiveness of treatments, and making critical decisions regarding patient care.

For example, in stroke management, "time is brain," meaning that rapid intervention within a specific time frame (usually within 4.5 hours) is essential to administering tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a clot-busting drug that can minimize brain damage and improve patient outcomes. Similarly, in trauma care, the "golden hour" concept emphasizes the importance of providing definitive care within the first 60 minutes after injury to increase survival rates and reduce morbidity.

Time factors also play a role in monitoring the progression of chronic conditions like diabetes or heart disease, where regular follow-ups and assessments help determine appropriate treatment adjustments and prevent complications. In infectious diseases, time factors are crucial for initiating antibiotic therapy and identifying potential outbreaks to control their spread.

Overall, "time factors" encompass the significance of recognizing and acting promptly in various medical scenarios to optimize patient outcomes and provide effective care.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "fruit" is not a medical term per se. It is a common term used to describe the part of a plant that develops from the ovary after flowering and contains seeds. However, in a nutritional or dietary context, "fruits" are often referred to as foods that are typically sweet and juicy, and come from plants' flowers. They are rich in fiber, vitamins, and minerals, making them an essential part of a healthy diet. But in a strict medical sense, there isn't a specific definition for "fruit."

A diet, in medical terms, refers to the planned and regular consumption of food and drinks. It is a balanced selection of nutrient-rich foods that an individual eats on a daily or periodic basis to meet their energy needs and maintain good health. A well-balanced diet typically includes a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy products.

A diet may also be prescribed for therapeutic purposes, such as in the management of certain medical conditions like diabetes, hypertension, or obesity. In these cases, a healthcare professional may recommend specific restrictions or modifications to an individual's regular diet to help manage their condition and improve their overall health.

It is important to note that a healthy and balanced diet should be tailored to an individual's age, gender, body size, activity level, and any underlying medical conditions. Consulting with a healthcare professional, such as a registered dietitian or nutritionist, can help ensure that an individual's dietary needs are being met in a safe and effective way.

Smoking is not a medical condition, but it's a significant health risk behavior. Here is the definition from a public health perspective:

Smoking is the act of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning tobacco that is commonly consumed through cigarettes, pipes, and cigars. The smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including nicotine, tar, carbon monoxide, and numerous toxic and carcinogenic substances. These toxins contribute to a wide range of diseases and health conditions, such as lung cancer, heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and various other cancers, as well as adverse reproductive outcomes and negative impacts on the developing fetus during pregnancy. Smoking is highly addictive due to the nicotine content, which makes quitting smoking a significant challenge for many individuals.

Health behavior can be defined as a series of actions and decisions that individuals take to protect, maintain or promote their health and well-being. These behaviors can include activities such as engaging in regular exercise, eating a healthy diet, getting sufficient sleep, practicing safe sex, avoiding tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress.

Health behaviors are influenced by various factors, including knowledge and attitudes towards health, beliefs and values, cultural norms, social support networks, environmental factors, and individual genetic predispositions. Understanding health behaviors is essential for developing effective public health interventions and promoting healthy lifestyles to prevent chronic diseases and improve overall quality of life.

Health education is the process of providing information and strategies to individuals and communities about how to improve their health and prevent disease. It involves teaching and learning activities that aim to empower people to make informed decisions and take responsible actions regarding their health. Health education covers a wide range of topics, including nutrition, physical activity, sexual and reproductive health, mental health, substance abuse prevention, and environmental health. The ultimate goal of health education is to promote healthy behaviors and lifestyles that can lead to improved health outcomes and quality of life.

Statistical models are mathematical representations that describe the relationship between variables in a given dataset. They are used to analyze and interpret data in order to make predictions or test hypotheses about a population. In the context of medicine, statistical models can be used for various purposes such as:

1. Disease risk prediction: By analyzing demographic, clinical, and genetic data using statistical models, researchers can identify factors that contribute to an individual's risk of developing certain diseases. This information can then be used to develop personalized prevention strategies or early detection methods.

2. Clinical trial design and analysis: Statistical models are essential tools for designing and analyzing clinical trials. They help determine sample size, allocate participants to treatment groups, and assess the effectiveness and safety of interventions.

3. Epidemiological studies: Researchers use statistical models to investigate the distribution and determinants of health-related events in populations. This includes studying patterns of disease transmission, evaluating public health interventions, and estimating the burden of diseases.

4. Health services research: Statistical models are employed to analyze healthcare utilization, costs, and outcomes. This helps inform decisions about resource allocation, policy development, and quality improvement initiatives.

5. Biostatistics and bioinformatics: In these fields, statistical models are used to analyze large-scale molecular data (e.g., genomics, proteomics) to understand biological processes and identify potential therapeutic targets.

In summary, statistical models in medicine provide a framework for understanding complex relationships between variables and making informed decisions based on data-driven insights.

Data collection in the medical context refers to the systematic gathering of information relevant to a specific research question or clinical situation. This process involves identifying and recording data elements, such as demographic characteristics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory results, and imaging studies, from various sources including patient interviews, medical records, and diagnostic tests. The data collected is used to support clinical decision-making, inform research hypotheses, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. It is essential that data collection is performed in a standardized and unbiased manner to ensure the validity and reliability of the results.

Sensitivity and specificity are statistical measures used to describe the performance of a diagnostic test or screening tool in identifying true positive and true negative results.

* Sensitivity refers to the proportion of people who have a particular condition (true positives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true positive rate" or "recall." A highly sensitive test will identify most or all of the people with the condition, but may also produce more false positives.
* Specificity refers to the proportion of people who do not have a particular condition (true negatives) who are correctly identified by the test. It is also known as the "true negative rate." A highly specific test will identify most or all of the people without the condition, but may also produce more false negatives.

In medical testing, both sensitivity and specificity are important considerations when evaluating a diagnostic test. High sensitivity is desirable for screening tests that aim to identify as many cases of a condition as possible, while high specificity is desirable for confirmatory tests that aim to rule out the condition in people who do not have it.

It's worth noting that sensitivity and specificity are often influenced by factors such as the prevalence of the condition in the population being tested, the threshold used to define a positive result, and the reliability and validity of the test itself. Therefore, it's important to consider these factors when interpreting the results of a diagnostic test.

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"Couples Discount" at NBC.com "Couples Discount" at IMDb (Articles with short description, Short description is different from ... "Couples Discount" is the fifteenth episode of the ninth season of the American comedy television series The Office and the ... The office pairs into couples so they may all be able to take advantage of a Valentine's Day discount at a nail salon in a ... In the episode, the office pairs into couples so that they may all be able to take advantage of a Valentine's Day discount at a ...
... , (stylised as DI$COUNT UNIVER$E) is an Australian fashion label developed by Nadia Napreychikov and Cami ... "About us". DISCOUNT UNIVERSE AUSTRALIA. Retrieved 2023-03-04. "It's A DI$COUNT UNIVER$E: How These Melbourne Designers Made ... "Discount Universe". National Gallery of Australia. Retrieved 4 March 2023. "DI$COUNT UNIVER$E". National Gallery of Australia. ... "Rihanna wears statement Discount Universe". ELLE. Retrieved 2023-03-04. "200 Years of Australian Fashion , NGV". www.ngv.vic. ...
... may be different from origination fee, mortgage arrangement fee or broker fee. Discount points are always used ... Discount points, also called mortgage points or simply points, are a form of pre-paid interest available in the United States ... Origination fee and discount points are both items listed under lender-charges on the HUD-1 Settlement Statement. The ... "What Are Discount Points?". nerdwallet. Retrieved May 25, 2017. "What are mortgage points?". Better Money Habits. Retrieved May ...
"Control Premiums, Minority Discounts, and Marketability Discounts". philipsaunders.com. Retrieved 2015-07-17. (Corporate ... "Minority Ownership Discount -- Definition". valuadder.com. Retrieved 2015-07-17. "Valuation Issues - Valuation Discounts for ... Minority discount is an economic concept reflecting the notion that a partial ownership interest may be worth less than its ... Share prices of public companies usually reflect the minority discount. This is why take-private transactions involve a ...
Discount Dial [it], DPIU' [it], MD Discount, Penny, Todis [it] and Tuodì [it]. Japan has numerous discount stores, including ... Discount stores in the United States may be classified into different types: Discount superstores such as Walmart or Target ... The term "discount department store" or "off-price department store" is sometimes applied to big-box discount retailers of ... opened a chain of discount stores called Prange Way; and Atlanta-based Rich's owned discount stores called Richway. During the ...
... Company is an independent tire and wheel retailer. Discount Tire operates in most of the lower 48 states in the ... Discount Tire announced its acquisition of Tire Rack in December 2021. In 2005, Discount Tire's "Thank You" commercial entered ... 2021 Discount Tire on Forbes Retrieved June 15, 2021 "Discount Tire Is Acquiring Tire Rack". www.moderntiredealer.com. ... In San Diego County, the company operates as Discount Tire. The company also operates as Discount Tire in Ohio and surrounding ...
... at Discogs Super Discount With Remixes at Discogs v t e (Articles with short description, Short description is ... Super Discount is the debut album by French DJ and producer Étienne de Crécy, released on 16 October 1996 by record label ... The album was followed in 2004 by the sequel release Super Discount 2. In 1997, Q ranked the album in their list of "The 25 ...
... may refer to: Social discount rate (of consumption), the rate at which the weight given to future consumption ... This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Discount rate. If an internal link led you here, you may wish ... the rate of interest a central bank charges on its loans to commercial banks Discount yield, a rate used in calculating cash ... the rate at which the weight given to future utility decreases in economic models Annual effective discount rate, an ...
Some discount clothing stores have been accused of using discount stickers to create the impression of price markdowns when ... Some stores, especially discount clothing stores, have been accused of using discount stickers to create the impression of ... In 2012, JC Penny tried to stop using discount stickering and other discounts, in exchange for a permanent across the board ... When consumers understand this practice of creating discounts on foods after perishability dates, the discounts don't harm ...
Many discount theaters have been driven out of business by an oversupply of new movie screens (in the form of multiplexes), ... Discount theaters, also known as dollar theaters, dollar movies, second-run theaters, and sub-run theaters, are movie theaters ... In cities like Portland, Oregon and Arlington, Virginia, older, discount theaters now show second-run movies in an upscale ... RICHARD NATALE (8 February 1995). "Discount Houses Give Films New Lease on Life : Movies: Not everyone supports the so-called ' ...
This discount is available for the duration of the phone call. The discount available to customers changes periodically ... Dynamic Tariffing (also known as Dynamic Discounting or Dynamic Discount Solution) is the technology used by MTN Group, the ... Dynamic Tariffing is a charging solution that is able to offer a mobile network customer a discount based on the amount of ... The more capacity there is at their location, the higher the discount that is offered. Digitata is the inventor of the Dynamic ...
... is an art-business-related and legal term of art for referring to the money discount assigned to a group of ... A blockage discount adjusting fair market value also affects the tax consequences of a sale in the U.S., and is frequently a ... A blockage discount adjusts the fair market value of the works downward because of the risks of depreciation when a large ... The court's application of an average discount of 25% has been criticized by attorneys and appraisers because, inter alia, it ...
... (foaled 1973 in California) was an American Thoroughbred racehorse who on October 9, 1977 set a new world ... A Bay gelding, Double Discount was sired by Nodouble and out of the mare, General Store. Bred and raced by Ken Schiffer's Hat ... Petersburg Times - October 10, 1977 Double Discount's pedigree (Articles with short description, Short description matches ... Ranch West, Double Discount was trained by Mel Stute. He retired from racing having won nine of his starts and with earnings of ...
... , also known as Gibson's, was a large discount store chain in the United States. There are a few ... By the late 1950s, Gibson had decided to refocus on discounting, and he opened the first Gibson's Discount Center in Abilene in ... "Memories of Gibson's Discount Center". Great Bend Post. Retrieved March 27, 2015. Website for currently operating Gibson's ... By 1964, there were 138 Gibson's Discount Center stores generating $190 million in revenue; by 1968, there were 434 stores ...
"Bob's Discount Furniture". Autism Speaks. Retrieved May 16, 2019. "Bob's Discount Furniture presents $75k Check to Special ... Bob's Discount Furniture (September 11, 2007). "Bob's Discount Furniture Kicks Off "Celebrate the Arts Contest"" (Press release ... "Meet Giants alumni at Bob's Discount Furniture". New York Giants. April 23, 2014. Retrieved May 16, 2019. "Bob's Discount ... Bob's Discount Furniture donates over $2.75 million per year to charitable causes through two initiatives, the Bob's Discount ...
... is a shopping mall located on Belvidere Street in Waukegan, Illinois, United States. It was one of the ... In 1991 it was made a four-screen and reopened as a discount theater. In 2002 the Belvidere Theatres joined the reopened ... As part of the 1998 renovation, the mall was renamed Belvidere Discount Mall. Today Belvidere Mall differs from Lake County's ... then four screens over the years and now offers only discounted, second-run movies... Good things began to happen in 1995 when ...
Lee later said, "Here in the United States, people like discounts, Discount Tires, etc." Lee's became a frequent recipient of ... Lee's Discount Liquor is a chain of liquor stores in Nevada. It was founded by Hae Un Lee in 1981, and is the largest liquor ... Lee's Discount Liquor was founded by Hae Un Lee, who immigrated to the United States from South Korea in 1980. Lee received a ... "Lee's Discount Liquor Projects $85 Million In Sales For 2015 As Good Times Return To Vegas". Shanken News Daily. July 7, 2015. ...
Get group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. Get group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. Get ... Get group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. Get group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. Get ... group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. Get group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. ... group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. ... Get group discounts of up to 15 percent off the regular cost. ...
Home Supply Stores Source for information on Discount Auto Parts, Inc.: International Directory of Company Histories dictionary ... Discount Auto Parts, Inc. 4900 Frontage Road SouthLakeland, Florida 33801U.S.A.(941) 687-9226Fax: (941) 284-2063 Public ... Discount Auto Parts large warehouse enabled it to purchase in bulk at a substantial discount and pass on the savings to its ... Discount Auto Parts in 1996. At the end of September 1996, the number of Discount Auto Parts stores had reached 336, and the ...
Discounts may vary by location. As an affiliate partner of some discount providers, Military.com may earn from qualifying ... Get the Deals & Discounts Newsletter Get weekly military discounts on food, travel, lodging, moving, entertainment and more. ... Heres the Scoop on Disney Military Discounts for 2024 Disney recently announced details for their 2024 military discounts. ... Military.com provides discount information as a service to our members. We make every effort to ensure accuracy but are not ...
Discount for students, alumni and staff We can offer you space to run your own business ... discount on our desk spaces at Innovation Connect to help get your business growing. ...
17 Anthropologie discount codes, verified & working in November 2023. Find Anthropologie promo codes to get 20% off fashion and ... 10% DISCOUNT 10% off all orders with this Anthropologie discount code Terms & Conditions One use per customer. Applies to full ... Is there an Anthropologie student discount?. Yes, the Anthropologie student discount gives you 10% off full-priced orders. ... 10% DISCOUNT 10% off new lines for SMS sign-ups Terms & Conditions Your unique promo code entitles you to 10% off one purchase ...
9 Military Discounts in Washington, DC The following are 9 military discounts to some of the most popular places to visit in D. ... Discounts may vary by location. As an affiliate partner of some discount providers, Military.com may earn from qualifying ... 2023 Discounts for Military Family Appreciation Month Businesses are saluting Military Family Appreciation Month with discounts ... Get the Deals & Discounts Newsletter Get weekly military discounts on food, travel, lodging, moving, entertainment and more. ...
... so we want to make it as easy as possible for you to pass certification exams and earn digital badges with discounts that help ... The discount is for new exam registrations only. If you wish to apply the discount to an already scheduled exam, you will need ... SAS Certification Discounts. Get certified for less, explore our discounts and limited time special offers.. ... This discount is not available in China or India. Please email the country office in China or India to inquire about other ...
Please see below for sample of new credit card style Distinguished Veteran Pass and Disabled Discount Pass. In order to receive ... Effective March 1, 2018 old cardstock Distinguished Veteran Passes and Disabled Discount Passes are no longer valid and will ... Information relating to the 5-year renewal process for the Disabled Discount and Distinguished Veteran Passcards will be ... and Disabled Discount (DDP) pass programs. On June 1, 2017, State Parks began issuing new credit card design passes for current ...
Get exclusive discounts on various products and services and great rates on insurance as a benefit of your IEEE membership. ... IEEE members get a 35% discount on all Wiley Books. Sign in to get a 35% discount on all Wiley books and access the discount ... Questions about member insurance or discounted products listed on this page, please email discounts@ieee.org.. ... IEEE Promo Library to display the Member Discounts banner on your IEEE Section website ...
... Sherwani - Buy exclusive sherwani online.,CelebritySuits.com, Sherwani a long mens short coat or jacket, clothes in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Maldives, Pakistan, Sri Lanka). Traditionally associated with the aristocracy of India. It is sewn from dense suit fabric, there is a lining.. ...
Maybe he wasnt thinking on a grand enough scale, but some kind of HB Discount scheme may just work.. So heres the deal... As ... I can get a discount (5%) for any Sydney (Australia) based bakers from a major electronics retailer/wholesaler as well as the ... Can anyone else offer similar benefits to other bakers, maybe record store discounts, or a few extra fries in your HB ... Just _try_ to get a HB discount! [Cedar Park, Oct 05 2004] Aberdeen, Scotland http://www.scottish...citiesaberdeen.html. A ...
Woot.com is operated by Woot.com LLC. Products on Woot.com are sold by Woot.com LLC. Product narratives are for entertainment purposes and frequently employ literary point of view; the narratives do not express Woots editorial opinion. Aside from literary abuse, your use of this site also subjects you to Woots terms of use and privacy policy. Ads by Longitude. ...
5. Discount Codes expire on the Discount Code Expiry Date.. 6. Discount Codes are subject to terms and conditions of use: https ... Discount Codes will not be replaced if lost, damaged or stolen.. 8. If you return a product/service purchased using a Discount ... 7. Each Discount Code can only be redeemed once per PSN account. Only one Discount Code can be used in any single transaction. ... Discount Codes cannot be used in conjunction with any other promotion. Discount Codes may not be re-sold. No cash alternatives ...
Discount code DELFTX175 (please note that the discount cannot be applied to the bundled purchase, you will have to purchase and ... We have 100 alumni discounts to give away and these go on first-come-first-served basis. The discount is only for these ... Discount on online courses for alumni. News - 05 January 2018 - Communication TU Delft kicks the New Year off with a great ... Enter the discount code "alumni175" and press continue.. * You should upload a copy of your ID and for the online academic ...
There is a range of prescription discounts available in the United States, including options for people without insurance. ... Can I get discounts on prescriptions if I do not have insurance?. Yes, many of the above discount services do not require a ... Yes, prescription discount services usually provide coupons that allow people to receive their discounts in their chosen ... People can get the SingleCare discount card whether they have health insurance or not. The discounts a person can access do not ...
... you may use a single discount code from the list below in addition to your USENIX membership discount code. The discounts below ... USENIX will then email you the discount code.. Non-Profit Discount. $100 off with proof of full-time employment at a non-profit ... The group discount cannot be used in conjunction with any other discounts, and it cannot be applied retroactively-that is, ... Multiple Employee Discount. We offer discounts for organizations sending five or more employees to FAST 15. Please email ...
Otherwise, you will not receive the 60.4% discount.. *Discount is given on the entire trip fare, the basic fare and the ... A 40% discount for one year during off-peak hours on Connexxion buses in the Zaanstreek, Waterland and Amstelland Meerlanden ... With this discount card you can travel with Connexxion buses in the Zaanstreek, Amstelland-Meerlanden (except on lines 80 and ... For age categories from 4 to 18 years and 65 years and older, a 60.4% stacked discount applies. The age at the moment of ...
A 25% off discount is available on apparel & accessories for military members, first responders and nurses with a valid ID. ... How to apply the discount:. Online: Click on the ID.me button during checkout and follow the steps to verify your eligibility. ... In store: Create an ID.me account and show your validated ID.me eligibility card during checkout and the discount will be ... Once validated, the 15% off discount will be applied directly to your current order. Your ID.me account does not expire, so ...
1.7 Volume Discount doesnt display discounted price awdis posted a topic in General topics ... Quantity discounts with colour mix and match edxpress posted a topic in Configuring and using PrestaShop ... Hi everyone, When I use the catalogue price rule to get the volume discount on the product page, I get an error if i want to ... PS 1.6.1.11 Incorrect price displayed when volume discounts and combinations are used just444 posted a topic in General topics ...
Your personal speaker discount registration code cannot be combined with any other discounts and can only be used for new ... RSA Offering Discounts until 2/5/2010. As a speaker and conference committee member I am afforded the opportunity to pass on ... HomeBlogsThe Brave New World of InfoSec$200 Discount for RSA ... Your personal speaker discount registration code*: PRMST6906YOR ...
Relationship discounts on mortgages are special loan terms financial institutions offer if you have other types of accounts ... Theres a $400 discount for customers in the next tier with up to $99,999 at the bank. For the max $600 discount, you need $ ... How Relationship Discounts Work. With relationship discounts, mortgage lenders offer perks to customers who also bank with them ... Bank of America offers discounts on mortgage origination fees. To get a $200 discount, you must have an average daily balance ...
... discount-universalBuy Discount Tickets to Universal Studios Orlando. theparkprodigy.com › tickets › discount-universal. ... universal studios orlando tickets discount tickets harry potter. universal studios orlando tickets discount tickets groupon ... universal studios orlando tickets discount tickets military. universal studios. universal studios orlando tickets discount ... City Guide Universal Orlando Resort™ Show all 9 photos Discount Tickets to the Universal Orlando Resort™ Its time to kick down ...
On this page, youll find 2 active Everton discounts for December 2023. ... What are Everton discount codes? See Answer A Everton discount code is a secret code whose operation is very similar to paper ... How do I get a Everton discount code? See Answer It has never been easier to find a Everton discount code or coupon! On this ... How do I get an Everton discount code?. There are quite a number of ways to lay hands on these discount and promo codes. One is ...
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... tuition discounts for remote learning, colleges and universities are being penny wise and pound foolish ... When asked why theyre not providing steep discounts, colleges and universities point to the technology costs of running remote ... Boards and investment committees should recognize this, enact an immediate 50% tuition discount for remote learning, and change ... 6. Solicit donors for immediate needs (i.e., support tuition discount for current students). ...
ID.me previously partnered with Costco to provide discounts to police officers, firefighters, and EMTs through First Responder ... is expanding its partnership with Costco Wholesale Corporation to offer a military discount to new Costco members. This program ...
Do you have a Discount Code?. Select the Discount Code option to enter an AWD (Avis Worldwide Discount), Coupon Code or Rate ... Your discount code is invalid, Learn Why? Your discount code is invalid, Learn Why? Rate Code invalid Learn Why? ... Your corporate discount code is invalid. Please have your travel manager verify the discount code in SAP Concur. ... Your corporate discount code is invalid. Please have your travel manager verify the discount code in SAP Concur. ...
You may be eligible for discounts up to $30 per month for fast home Internet service, and up to $100 for a computer or tablet. ... Rate discounts are available for qualified tenants billed for energy usage through their landlords in apartment buildings, ... The CARE program offers a monthly discount on energy bills for qualifying nonprofit group-living facilities. Learn if your tax- ... Both FERA and CARE provide significant discounts to customers who qualify for bill assistance based on their household size and ...
We answer all your questions about the discounts on domestic flights that the Spanish government offers to residents of the ... Resident discounts. We answer all your questions about the discounts on domestic flights that the Spanish government offers to ... When does the resident discount apply? The discount for residents only applies to direct and connecting flights between ... When I book on iberia.com, how do I indicate my right to a discount as a resident of the Canaries, Balearics, Ceuta or Melilla ...
  • Effective March 1, 2018 old cardstock Distinguished Veteran Passes and Disabled Discount Passes are no longer valid and will not be accepted for associated benefits. (ca.gov)
  • The discount is only for these specific courses, starting in Q1 2018. (tudelft.nl)
  • Comparison of delay discounting of different outcomes in cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users, e-cigarette users, and non-tobacco users. (cdc.gov)
  • Delay discounting is the process by which a commodity loses value as the delay to its receipt increases. (cdc.gov)
  • Typically, delay discounting of different outcomes has been compared between cigarette smokers and nonsmokers. (cdc.gov)
  • To better understand the relationship of delay discounting to different modes of tobacco use, we examined the differences in delay discounting of different outcomes between cigarette smokers, smokeless tobacco users, e-cigarette users, and non-tobacco users. (cdc.gov)
  • In the present study, all participants completed 8 titrating delay-discounting tasks: $100 gain, $500 gain, $500 loss, alcohol, entertainment, food, a temporary health gain, and a temporary cure from a disease. (cdc.gov)
  • Adoption of tobacco products that have been perceived as less harmful (e.g., e-cigarettes) is not associated with a baseline difference or decrease in delay discounting if adopted after a history of cigarette use. (cdc.gov)
  • Generous employee discount is offered. (glassdoor.com)
  • What can you tell the job seeker about Ace Hardware's Employee Discount? (glassdoor.com)
  • Consistent with WKU's role as a regional lighthouse and recognizing the importance that local government employees play in the future success of the communities that we serve, Western Kentucky University has established the Local Government Employee Discount Program. (wku.edu)
  • Full-time employees of BRADD and its member organizations will be eligible to participate in the Local Government Employee Discount Program. (wku.edu)
  • The Local Government Employee Discount can be applied to the Master of Public Administration (MPA) program or for the graduate certificate in Local Government Administration. (wku.edu)
  • How do I know if I qualify for the Local Government Employee Discount? (wku.edu)
  • Lenders offering relationship discounts may require steep minimum asset requirements to be eligible, and switching banks to get this discount may not always pay off. (experian.com)
  • When asked why they're not providing steep discounts, colleges and universities point to the technology costs of running remote learning. (forbes.com)
  • However, the 30 percent discount is steep given Uber's plan to launch an initial public offering in 2019, said Phil Haslett, co-founder and head of investments at secondary marketplace EquityZen. (foxbusiness.com)
  • To express admiration and appreciation for your sacrificial service in the United States Armed Forces, IWU extends a 10% tuition discount to Veterans who are ineligible to receive or have exhausted all V.A. Educational Benefits. (indwes.edu)
  • While IWU will make it a priority to make students aware of available tuition discounts during the enrollment process, it is ultimately the student's responsibility to notify IWU should they become eligible for a discount once enrolled. (indwes.edu)
  • Eligible local government employees will be offered a discounted tuition rate of $500/credit hour through June 30th, 2025. (wku.edu)
  • A discount code for 25% off a purchase of the Applicable Products on an Applicable Store. (playstation.com)
  • Redeem their Discount Code at check-out and place their order using an Applicable Payment Method. (playstation.com)
  • 5. Discount Codes expire on the Discount Code Expiry Date. (playstation.com)
  • 7. Each Discount Code can only be redeemed once per PSN account. (playstation.com)
  • Only one Discount Code can be used in any single transaction. (playstation.com)
  • 8. If you return a product/service purchased using a Discount Code, your refund will equal the amount you paid for the product/service, subject to applicable refund policies. (playstation.com)
  • 11. The Promoter accepts no responsibility for failure of any Eligible Person to create or sign-in to an account for PSN or to receive or redeem a Discount Code, as result of any Eligible Person's or third party's network, hardware or software failure of any kind. (playstation.com)
  • Enter the discount code "alumni175" and press continue. (tudelft.nl)
  • For the Data Analysis and Visualization course this is slightly different and is the discount code: DELFTX175. (tudelft.nl)
  • See the descriptions below for your discount code to apply at the end of the registration sequence. (usenix.org)
  • USENIX will then email you the discount code. (usenix.org)
  • Your personal speaker discount registration code cannot be combined with any other discounts and can only be used for new delegate registrations, not by someone who has already registered to attend RSA Conference 2010. (csoonline.com)
  • Place an order at the Everton Online store using a discount code to get more for less money. (ansa.it)
  • How to apply an Everton discount code? (ansa.it)
  • Learn here now how to add an Everton Direct discount code to your shopping basket. (ansa.it)
  • After then, click on the "Apply Code" button and just like that, you will have your Everton Store discount code applied , cutting you the cost you would have to pay for the items you have bought from the store. (ansa.it)
  • We also advise you to take advantage of the NBA Store discount code , to take advantage of excellent savings. (ansa.it)
  • Your corporate discount code is invalid. (avis.com)
  • Please have your travel manager verify the discount code in SAP Concur. (avis.com)
  • Click on Add a Discount Code or the + button to add a code. (name.com)
  • You can create two types of discount code. (name.com)
  • Just select your particular category and the discount code during the purchasing process. (iberia.com)
  • I can get a discount (5%) for any Sydney (Australia) based 'bakers from a major electronics retailer/wholesaler as well as the supermarket chain that owns it (as well as its liquor branches) iff'n anyone is interested. (halfbakery.com)
  • The supermarket chain Market Basket is ending it's four percent discount on Saturday after nearly a year. (necn.com)
  • miniMAX Discount was a supermarket chain from Romania, owned by businessman Dinu Patriciu. (wikipedia.org)
  • The discount for residents only applies to direct and connecting flights between mainland and non-mainland airports (except for residents of Ceuta, who are eligible for the discount for flights between Seville, Málaga and Jerez and other destinations on the mainland). (iberia.com)
  • When you have chosen the origin and destination of your flight, if the combination is eligible for the discount the Residents dropdown menu will appear. (iberia.com)
  • Who is Eligible for the Discount? (wku.edu)
  • All employees of BRADD and their member organizations are eligible for the discount. (wku.edu)
  • If you have $500,000 or more in existing funds with Chase, you can also qualify for a discount on your interest rate: If you have $500,000 to $999,999, you'll knock 0.125% off your mortgage rate, and if you have $1 million or more, you'll get a 0.25% rate discount. (experian.com)
  • Both FERA and CARE provide significant discounts to customers who qualify for bill assistance based on their household size and income. (sce.com)
  • The level of Offer Discount available will be determined by the number of Qualifying Contracts registered to the account holder at the point of verification, including pay monthly consumer connections that do not qualify for the Offer Discount. (o2.co.uk)
  • Information relating to the 5-year renewal process for the Disabled Discount and Distinguished Veteran Passcards will be provided to the pass holder prior to the expiration date printed on current issued credit card style passcard (5-years from date of pass issuance) , starting June 1, 2022. (ca.gov)
  • Get certified for less, explore our discounts and limited time special offers. (sas.com)
  • America's Pharmacy also offers different discounts depending on the drug a person needs to purchase. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Bank of America offers discounts on mortgage origination fees. (experian.com)
  • It offers discounts on unlimited accessories such as souvenirs, toys and games memorabilia and collectibles. (ansa.it)
  • We answer all your questions about the discounts on domestic flights that the Spanish government offers to residents of the Canaries, Balearics, Ceuta and Melilla. (iberia.com)
  • Stay abreast of discount offers for great theater, on Broadway or in select cities. (theatermania.com)
  • Through the Corporate Discount Program, companies with 4 to 99 participating employees are eligible to purchase passes for $101.25 per month. (miamidade.gov)
  • Instead, the plan collaborates with various pharmacies to offer a free prescription discount program. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The discount program pertains to admission and costs related to courses offered by the Department of Political Science for WKU's Master of Public Administration (MPA) program and Graduate Certificate in Local Government Administration program offered to full-time employees of the Barren River Area Development District (BRADD) and its member organizations. (wku.edu)
  • Today, Verizon announced an expanded discount program that gives discounts on wireless service and accessory purchases to active, former, and retired members of the military, without a minimum plan requirement. (droid-life.com)
  • is a $5 per month membership program that claims to reward you the longer you stay in it with discounts. (droid-life.com)
  • If you register online, we will not be able to process the discount immediately in this case. (kb.nl)
  • We will process the discount right away. (kb.nl)
  • If so, we'll process the discount right away. (kb.nl)
  • If you register online, we won't be able to process this discount right away. (kb.nl)
  • If you score a relationship discount, you might save on closing costs, or even better, land a lower interest rate that reduces monthly payments over the life of the loan. (experian.com)
  • Discounting -- A method for adjusting the value of future costs and benefits. (cdc.gov)
  • Which online courses are included in the alumni discount? (tudelft.nl)
  • We have 100 alumni discounts to give away and these go on first-come-first-served basis. (tudelft.nl)
  • RMIT alumni have special access to a complimentary 12 month membership for ACMI which unlocks a range of discounts and invitation to exclusive previews. (edu.au)
  • Please email the country office in China or India to inquire about other discounts or promotions that may apply. (sas.com)
  • Discount Auto Parts ' large warehouse enabled it to purchase in bulk at a substantial discount and pass on the savings to its customers. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Customers can ask pharmacists for the prescription's retail price and then apply a SingleCare coupon for the free discount. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Some lenders try to incentivize customers to choose them by offering a relationship discount. (experian.com)
  • With relationship discounts, mortgage lenders offer perks to customers who also bank with them. (experian.com)
  • Chase waives up to $1,150 of loan processing fees for customers who have a minimum amount of money in deposit or investment accounts (the discount is $500 off if you have $150,000 to $499,999 with Chase, or $1,150 if you have $500,000 or more). (experian.com)
  • There's a $400 discount for customers in the next tier with up to $99,999 at the bank. (experian.com)
  • Everton discount codes help customers save money: find complete kits, shorts, socks, and shirts by players at a discount on the Everton online store. (ansa.it)
  • Some Market Basket customers thought that the discount should be extended as a reward for remaining loyal to the company as cousins Arthur S. And Arthur T. Demoulas battled for control of the company, causing weeks of employee protests and empty shelves. (necn.com)
  • Store customers can enter the discount codes before they select their payment method. (name.com)
  • It is important to mention that WHO/EMRO has made a deal with Star Alliance member airlines, to offer a single meeting agreement to corporate customers, which includes a discount on the published international fares for RC62 travellers. (who.int)
  • As an affiliate partner of some discount providers, Military.com may earn from qualifying purchases. (military.com)
  • Nearly all secondary transactions, when a new investor purchases from existing shareholders, come at a discount to the company's valuation. (foxbusiness.com)
  • Discount Auto Parts was founded by Herman Fontaine, his son Denis, a lawyer and one-time judge, and other members of his family in 1971, when they opened an 800-square-foot store in Eloise, Florida. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Can anyone else offer similar benefits to other bakers, maybe record store discounts, or a few extra fries in your HB Discounted Happy Meal. (halfbakery.com)
  • 4.2 If purchasing through a retail store (directly with O2) the discount will be applied automatically at the point of purchasing a Qualifying Contract. (o2.co.uk)
  • MONROEVILLE (KDKA) -- Adjacent to Macy's at the Monroeville Mall is a new discount store called Macy's Backstage, where workers are moving quickly to finish up 25,000 square feet set to open over the Labor Day weekend. (cbsnews.com)
  • To enable discount codes for your Ecommerce Store, click on the item in the Store menu (1) and switch discount codes to active (2). (name.com)
  • Customer perceived service quality in the supermarket and the discount store. (lu.se)
  • Discount Codes cannot be used in conjunction with any other promotion. (playstation.com)
  • Discount Codes may not be re-sold. (playstation.com)
  • Discount Codes will not be replaced if lost, damaged or stolen. (playstation.com)
  • Sign in to access your discount codes and redeem your benefits. (edu.au)
  • In order to receive the applicable discount associated with these passes, individuals are required to reapply with a new application as denoted below. (ca.gov)
  • People with limited income may benefit from prescription discounts to receive medications they need at a reduced price. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Once people complete their prescriptions, they can present their card or coupon to a pharmacist to receive a discount. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • In addition, individuals could receive discounts on pet medications. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Otherwise, you will not receive the 60.4% discount. (connexxion.nl)
  • Qualifying families and households of three or more receive an 18% discount on their electric bills. (sce.com)
  • If you register at the check-in desk, you can receive this discount by showing your student card to 1 of our desk staff. (kb.nl)
  • Get up to 15 percent off a 1-month transit pass with group discounts for your employees. (miamidade.gov)
  • By March 1993 Discount Auto Parts had become the nation ' s 14th-largest supplier in its field to the do-it-yourselfer and the largest in Florida, where it claimed 12 percent of the market. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Schwartz says this is the first Macy's Backstage in Pittsburgh where prices are discounted 20 to 80 percent off original prices. (cbsnews.com)
  • It's the regular clothes from Nordstrom, only they move it over there and it can be like 50, 60, 70 or 80 percent discount," says Prof. Elaine Luther, of Point Park University. (cbsnews.com)
  • App Santa is a collaboration of ten companies-including big names like Readdle , Tapbots , Agile Bits , and RealMac -offering 15 of their apps, for discounts of up to 60 percent. (macworld.com)
  • Student studying at a university, university of applied sciences or centre for senior secondary vocational education (MBO) can get a 50 percent discount. (kb.nl)
  • As a member of the Friends of the KB association, you get a 50 percent discount on your KB membership. (kb.nl)
  • If you have an Ooievaarspas , you are entitled to a 50 percent discount on your KB membership and pay just € 7,50 for one year. (kb.nl)
  • SAN FRANCISCO (Reuters) - Japan's SoftBank Group Corp is offering to purchase shares of Uber Technologies Inc at a valuation of $48 billion, a 30 percent discount to its most recent valuation of $68.5 billion, a person familiar with the matter said on Monday. (foxbusiness.com)
  • Services that offer discounts that are valid in a range of pharmacies. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • We offer discounts for organizations sending five or more employees to FAST '15. (usenix.org)
  • Does Universal Studios offer discounts? (yahoo.com)
  • The discounts a person can access do not depend on their income, and individuals can reportedly save up to 80% on prescription drugs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Shop and save with Adobe discounts and promotions. (adobe.com)
  • If you wish to apply the discount to an already scheduled exam, you will need to cancel your exam session and re-register. (sas.com)
  • If you cancel and re-register outside of the promo dates, discount is not eligible. (sas.com)
  • Discount is given on the entire trip fare, the basic fare and the kilometre fare at both full and (age) reduction fares. (connexxion.nl)
  • It affects all fares where the value is shown on the ticket, except in the case of Business class fares when the discount is limited to the amount applicable to the Full Economy fare. (iberia.com)
  • Visit our Academic Discounts page to learn about other ways SAS supports higher education students and educators with exclusive discounts. (sas.com)
  • Discount value Free Delivery Minimum Order Value £75 Terms & Conditions Excludes furniture, automatically applied at checkout. (telegraph.co.uk)
  • In order to facilitate your ability to attend FAST '15, we offer several conference discounts. (usenix.org)
  • You can order this discount card directly online. (connexxion.nl)
  • Once validated, the 15% off discount will be applied directly to your current order. (carhartt.com)
  • The discount will be applied to the contents of the basket before tax and it will be added to the breakdown of the order. (name.com)
  • Ministry of Public Works and Transport Order 3837/2006 establishes discounts on national airfares for members of families with recognised residence in Spain who have a Large Family Card issued by their autonomous community. (iberia.com)
  • Get discounts on apparels, online food order, travel and many more from GrabOn. (icicibank.com)
  • The group discount cannot be used in conjunction with any other discounts, and it cannot be applied retroactively-that is, refunds will not be issued to those meeting the discount requirement after they have already registered. (usenix.org)
  • Large family discounts cannot be applied retroactively. (iberia.com)
  • Yes, Universal Studios Hollywood has created preferential opportunities for students only, known as student discount . (yahoo.com)
  • Percentage based discounts will take a percentage off the total value of the basket. (name.com)
  • Relationship discounts on mortgages are special loan terms financial institutions offer if you have other types of accounts with them. (experian.com)
  • Military.com provides discount information as a service to our members. (military.com)
  • The military discount includes active and retired military personnel, plus family members including spouses, parents, in-laws and dependent children. (military.com)
  • McLean, VA (PRWEB) November 02, 2016 -- ID.me, a leading digital identity provider for federal agencies and large consumer brands , is expanding its partnership with Costco Wholesale Corporation to offer a military discount to new Costco members. (prweb.com)
  • Product terms and conditions apply to the ZWAM Off-peak Discount subscription. (connexxion.nl)
  • By 1989 there were 100 Discount Auto Parts stores in Florida. (encyclopedia.com)
  • At the end of fiscal 1992 Discount Auto Parts was operating 139 stores throughout Florida. (encyclopedia.com)
  • During fiscal 1994 Discount Auto Parts became the largest Florida-based retailer in state receipts, its net sales advancing to $207.6 million and its net income to $14.3 million. (encyclopedia.com)
  • Florida residents can take advantage of a special discount on Universal Orlando Resort tickets . (yahoo.com)
  • Create an ID.me account and show your validated ID.me eligibility card during checkout and the discount will be applied to your purchase. (carhartt.com)
  • The discount is for new exam registrations only. (sas.com)
  • The discounts below cannot be combined with Author/Speaker discounts or the Student rate. (usenix.org)
  • If you register online, you can get the student discount by logging in to InAcademia with your school account when registering. (kb.nl)
  • If you register at the check-in desk in the KB, you can show your student card or proof of registration for your studies to one of our employees to get the discount. (kb.nl)
  • We recommend that you become a member for € 15 and then email @email about the student discount. (kb.nl)
  • We will then check whether you're eligible for a student discount. (kb.nl)
  • There are fewer discounts for California residents wanting to visit Universal Studios Hollywood. (yahoo.com)
  • Occasionally Universal will offer residents one- or two-day discount tickets on its website, so always check there before purchasing tickets from somewhere else. (yahoo.com)
  • People can get the SingleCare discount card whether they have health insurance or not. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • With this discount card you can travel with Connexxion buses in the Zaanstreek, Amstelland-Meerlanden (except on lines 80 and 382 from Haarlem and line 320 from 't Gooi) and in the area of EBS in Waterland. (connexxion.nl)
  • This article aims to report a case of illegal publicity caused by a discount card and discuss the principles concerning dental advertising, taking into consideration the Brazilian laws. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cross-Sectional Analysis of Out-of-Pocket Payments for Commonly Prescribed Generic Medications Versus Discount Card Pricing. (bvsalud.org)
  • Even at the discounted price, Uber is the world's second-highest valued private venture-backed company, after China's ride-service company Didi Chuxing, and the offer is a chance for early investors to lock in substantial profits and for employees to cash in shares that have to date only had value on paper. (foxbusiness.com)
  • In the highly-fragmented, $65-billion-a-year automotive market Discount Auto Parts hoped to become for car owners what Home Depot had become for homeowners. (encyclopedia.com)
  • If you have graduated from the University in the past five years or are a staff member at the University, for your first year we can offer you a 40% discount on our desk spaces at Innovation Connect to help get your business growing. (port.ac.uk)
  • A 40% discount for one year during off-peak hours on Connexxion buses in the Zaanstreek, Waterland and Amstelland Meerlanden regions. (connexxion.nl)
  • With ZWAM Off-peak Discount you can travel exactly one year after the starting date. (connexxion.nl)
  • Hi everyone, When I use the catalogue price rule to get the volume discount on the product page, I get an error if i want to display the discounted price: ContextErrorException Notice: Undefined index: reduction_with_tax (the option "showing the discount" (ie. (prestashop.com)
  • The Offer Discount will be reflected on the respective Participant's monthly bill/s for their respective Family Plan Connection/s from the point of verification. (o2.co.uk)
  • She may get a $5000 discount, if you will, but the clinic has a business interest. (medscape.com)
  • What Is a Relationship Discount for a Mortgage? (experian.com)
  • Here's what you need to know about relationship discounts and whether they may be worth it for you. (experian.com)
  • Before you pursue a mortgage relationship discount, make sure you're familiar with the potential pros and cons. (experian.com)
  • For age categories from 4 to 18 years and 65 years and older, a 60.4% stacked discount applies. (connexxion.nl)
  • The discount applies, upon request of the beneficiary, to tickets issued in Spain for scheduled flights on all domestic routes . (iberia.com)
  • The discount also applies to ticket management fees with the same maximum limits that apply to the resident discount. (iberia.com)
  • The large family discount only applies if all the passengers in the booking are eligible for it, if the booking only includes domestic routes and if the holder's status is valid until the end date of the trip. (iberia.com)