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Ultrabithorax function in butterfly wings and the evolution of insect wing patterns. (1/1684)
BACKGROUND: . The morphological and functional evolution of appendages has played a critical role in animal evolution, but the developmental genetic mechanisms underlying appendage diversity are not understood. Given that homologous appendage development is controlled by the same Hox gene in different organisms, and that Hox genes are transcription factors, diversity may evolve from changes in the regulation of Hox target genes. Two impediments to understanding the role of Hox genes in morphological evolution have been the limited number of organisms in which Hox gene function can be studied and the paucity of known Hox-regulated target genes. We have therefore analyzed a butterfly homeotic mutant 'Hindsight', in which portions of the ventral hindwing pattern are transformed to ventral forewing identity, and we have compared the regulation of target genes by the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene product in Lepidopteran and Dipteran hindwings. RESULTS: . We show that Ubx gene expression is lost from patches of cells in developing Hindsight hindwings, correlating with changes in wing pigmentation, color pattern elements, and scale morphology. We use this mutant to study how regulation of target genes by Ubx protein differs between species. We find that several Ubx-regulated genes in the Drosophila haltere are not repressed by Ubx in butterfly hindwings, but that Distal-less (Dll) expression is regulated by Ubx in a unique manner in butterflies. CONCLUSIONS: . The morphological diversification of insect hindwings has involved the acquisition of different sets of target genes by Ubx in different lineages. Changes in Hox-regulated target gene sets are, in general, likely to underlie the morphological divergence of homologous structures between animals. (+info)Predicting insecticide resistance: mutagenesis, selection and response. (2/1684)
Strategies to manage resistance to a particular insecticide have usually been devised after resistance has evolved. If it were possible to predict likely resistance mechanisms to novel insecticides before they evolved in the field, it might be feasible to have programmes that manage susceptibility. With this approach in mind, single-gene variants of the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, resistant to dieldrin, diazinon and malathion, were selected in the laboratory after mutagenesis of susceptible strains. The genetic and molecular bases of resistance in these variants were identical to those that had previously evolved in natural populations. Given this predictive capacity for known resistances, the approach was extended to anticipate possible mechanisms of resistance to cyromazine, an insecticide to which L. cuprina populations remain susceptible after almost 20 years of exposure. Analysis of the laboratory-generated resistant variants provides an explanation for this observation. The variants show low levels of resistance and a selective advantage over susceptibles for only a limited concentration range. These results are discussed in the context of the choice of insecticides for control purposes and of delivery strategies to minimize the evolution of resistance. (+info)The putative bioactive surface of insect-selective scorpion excitatory neurotoxins. (3/1684)
Scorpion neurotoxins of the excitatory group show total specificity for insects and serve as invaluable probes for insect sodium channels. However, despite their significance and potential for application in insect-pest control, the structural basis for their bioactivity is still unknown. We isolated, characterized, and expressed an atypically long excitatory toxin, Bj-xtrIT, whose bioactive features resembled those of classical excitatory toxins, despite only 49% sequence identity. With the objective of clarifying the toxic site of this unique pharmacological group, Bj-xtrIT was employed in a genetic approach using point mutagenesis and biological and structural assays of the mutant products. A primary target for modification was the structurally unique C-terminal region. Sequential deletions of C-terminal residues suggested an inevitable significance of Ile73 and Ile74 for toxicity. Based on the bioactive role of the C-terminal region and a comparison of Bj-xtrIT with a Bj-xtrIT-based model of a classical excitatory toxin, AaHIT, a conserved surface comprising the C terminus is suggested to form the site of recognition with the sodium channel receptor. (+info)The development and evolution of bristle patterns in Diptera. (4/1684)
The spatial distribution of sensory bristles on the notum of different species of Diptera is compared. Species displaying ancestral features have a simple organization of randomly distributed, but uniformly spaced, bristles, whereas species thought to be more derived bear patterns in which the bristles are aligned into longitudinal rows. The number of rows of large bristles on the scutum was probably restricted to four early on in the evolution of cyclorraphous Brachyceran flies. Most species have stereotyped patterns based on modifications of these four rows. The possible constraints placed upon the patterning mechanisms due to growth and moulting within the Diptera are discussed, as well as within hemimetabolous insects. The holometabolic life cycle and the setting aside of groups of imaginal cells whose function is not required during the growth period, may have provided the freedom necessary for the evolution of elaborate bristle patterns. We briefly review the current state of knowledge concerning the complex genetic pathways regulating achaete-scute gene expression and bristle pattern in Drosophila melanogaster, and consider mechanisms for the genetic regulation of the bristle patterns of other species of Diptera. (+info)Variability in spike trains during constant and dynamic stimulation. (5/1684)
In a recent study, it was concluded that natural time-varying stimuli are represented more reliably in the brain than constant stimuli are. The results presented here disagree with this conclusion, although they were obtained from the same identified neuron (H1) in the fly's visual system. For large parts of the neuron's activity range, the variability of the responses was very similar for constant and time-varying stimuli and was considerably smaller than that in many visual interneurons of vertebrates. (+info)A novel egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase, EDTP, that participates in the embryogenesis of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly). (6/1684)
We have previously reported that cathepsin L mRNA is present in unfertilized eggs of Sarcophaga peregrina (flesh fly) as a maternal mRNA, which suggests that cathepsin L is required for embryogenesis. Now we have identified an egg protein, with a molecular mass of 100 kDa, that is extremely susceptible to cathepsin L digestion and which disappears rapidly as the embryos develop. We purified this protein to homogeneity, cloned its cDNA, and found that it contained a consensus sequence for the active site of tyrosine phosphatase. In fact this protein showed tyrosine phosphatase activity, indicating that it is a novel tyrosine phosphatase. The expression and subsequent disappearance of this protein, which we have named egg-derived tyrosine phosphatase (EDTP), may be indispensable for embryogenesis of Sarcophaga. (+info)An aural myiasis case in a 54-year-old male farmer in Korea. (7/1684)
A 54-year-old male farmer residing in Chunchon, Korea, complaining of blood tinged discharge and tinnitus in the left ear for two days, was examined in August 16, 1996. Otoscopic examination revealed live maggots from the ear canal. The patient did not complain of any symptoms after removal of maggots. Five maggots recovered were identified as the third stage larvae of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae). This is the first record of aural myiasis in Korea. (+info)The planarian HOM/HOX homeobox genes (Plox) expressed along the anteroposterior axis. (8/1684)
In the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica, five cDNAs for HOM/HOX homeobox genes were cloned and sequenced. Together with sequence data on HOM/HOX homeobox genes of platyhelminthes deposited in databases, comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences revealed that planarians have at least seven HOM/HOX homeobox genes, Plox1 to Plox7 (planarian HOM/HOX homeobox genes). Whole-mount in situ hybridization and RT-PCR revealed that Plox4 and Plox5 were increasingly expressed along a spatial gradient in the posterior region of intact animals. During regeneration, Plox5 was expressed only in the posterior region of regenerating body pieces, suggesting that the gene is involved in the anteroposterior patterning in planarians. Plox5 was not found to be expressed in a blastema-specific manner, which contradicts a previous report (J. R. Bayascas, E. Castillo, A. M. Munos-Marmol, and E. Salo. Development 124, 141-148, 1997). X-ray irradiation experiments showed that Plox5 was expressed at least in some cells other than neoblasts, but that the induction of Plox5 expression during regeneration might require neoblasts. (+info)Ectoparasitic Infestations can be caused by various factors such as poor hygiene, close contact with infected individuals, or exposure to areas where the parasites are present. They can be diagnosed through physical examination and medical tests, such as blood tests or skin scrapings.
Treatment for Ectoparasitic Infestations depends on the type of parasite and the severity of the infestation. Common treatments include insecticides, medicated shampoos, and topical creams or lotions. In some cases, oral medications may be prescribed to treat more severe infestations.
Prevention is key in avoiding Ectoparasitic Infestations. This includes practicing good hygiene, using protective clothing and gear when outdoors, and avoiding close contact with individuals who have known infestations. Regularly inspecting and cleaning living spaces can also help prevent the spread of these parasites.
In conclusion, Ectoparasitic Infestations are a common health issue that can cause a range of health problems. Diagnosis and treatment depend on the type of parasite and the severity of the infestation, while prevention involves practicing good hygiene and taking precautions to avoid close contact with individuals who have known infestations.
A parasitic disease caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of an infected sandfly. The most common form of the disease is characterized by skin lesions, which may be painful and disfiguring.
Other forms of leishmaniasis include:
1. Visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar): A severe and potentially fatal form of the disease that affects several internal organs, including the spleen, liver, and bone marrow.
2. Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: A form of the disease characterized by skin lesions and mucosal involvement, such as nose ulcers and mouth sores.
3. Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: A form of the disease characterized by widespread skin involvement, often with a diffuse, papular rash.
4. Recidivans leishmaniasis: A form of the disease characterized by repeated episodes of skin lesions, often triggered by exposure to sandflies.
Symptoms of cutaneous leishmaniasis may include:
* Skin lesions, which may be painful and disfiguring
* Swelling of the affected limb
* Fever
* Fatigue
* Weight loss
Diagnosis is made by identifying the parasite in a skin scraping or biopsy specimen. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications, such as pentavalent antimonials or amphotericin B.
Preventive measures include avoiding sandfly bites, wearing protective clothing and insect repellents, and using screens on windows and doors to prevent sandflies from entering homes.
There are several different forms of leishmaniasis, including:
* Cutaneous leishmaniasis: This form of the disease causes skin sores, which can be painful and disfiguring.
* Visceral leishmaniasis: Also known as kala-azar, this form of the disease affects the internal organs and can be fatal if left untreated.
* Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis: This form of the disease causes sores on the skin and mucous membranes.
*Diffuse cutaneous leishmaniasis: This form of the disease causes widespread skin lesions.
Leishmaniasis can be diagnosed through a variety of methods, including:
* Physical examination and medical history: A doctor may look for signs of the disease, such as skin sores or swelling, and ask about the patient's travel history and exposure to sandflies.
* Laboratory tests: Blood and skin samples can be tested for the presence of the parasite using techniques such as microscopy, PCR, and serology.
* Imaging studies: X-rays, CT scans, and MRI scans can be used to visualize the spread of the disease in the body.
Treatment for leishmaniasis typically involves antiparasitic drugs, such as pentavalent antimonials, miltefosine, and amphotericin B. The specific treatment regimen will depend on the severity and location of the disease, as well as the patient's age, health status, and other factors. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove affected tissue.
Prevention measures for leishmaniasis include:
* Avoiding sandfly bites: Using insecticides, wearing protective clothing, and staying in well-screened areas can help prevent sandfly bites.
* Eliminating sandfly breeding sites: Removing debris and vegetation, and using insecticides to kill sandflies and their eggs can help reduce the risk of infection.
* Vaccination: There is currently no effective vaccine against leishmaniasis, but research is ongoing to develop one.
* Public education: Raising awareness about the disease and how it is transmitted can help prevent infections and reduce the burden on healthcare systems.
Overall, early diagnosis and treatment are key to preventing complications and improving outcomes for patients with leishmaniasis. In addition, public health measures such as insecticide use and vaccination may help reduce the incidence of the disease.
Symptoms of mansonelliasis include fever, headache, joint pain, skin rashes, and swelling of the liver and spleen. These symptoms can be non-specific and may resemble those of other diseases, making diagnosis challenging.
The diagnosis of mansonelliasis is based on a combination of clinical findings, laboratory tests (such as blood smears and polymerase chain reaction), and the presence of characteristic skin lesions. Treatment of mansonelliasis typically involves the use of antiparasitic drugs such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC) and albendazole.
Preventive measures for mansonelliasis include using insecticides to control sandfly populations, wearing protective clothing and applying insect repellents when outdoors in areas where the parasites are common, and taking antiparasitic medications to prevent infection.
Symptoms of screw worm infection include fever, loss of appetite, lethargy, dehydration, and swelling around the site of infestation. If left untreated, the infection can lead to serious complications like abscesses, sepsis, and death. Diagnosis is typically made through physical examination, blood tests, and imaging studies like X-rays or ultrasound.
Treatment of screw worm infection involves removing the infested tissue or organ, as well as administering antibiotics to prevent secondary infections. Surgical debridement may also be necessary to remove dead tissue and promote healing. In severe cases, hospitalization and intensive care may be required to monitor and manage the infection.
Prevention of screw worm infection involves controlling the population of screw worm flies through regular fly control measures like spraying insecticides and using protective clothing and gear when handling animals. Vaccination is also available for horses and other equines to prevent AHS caused by screw worm infection.
Insects such as mosquitoes, wasps, bees, and hornets are common culprits of bites and stings that cause minor to severe reactions in humans. These reactions may cause pain, redness, swelling, itching, and burning sensations at the site of the bite or sting.
Most insect bites and stings can be treated with over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines, hydrocortisone creams, or calamine lotion. Severe allergic reactions may require medical attention and epinephrine injections to prevent anaphylaxis.
Early Postmortem Changes:
1. Cessation of metabolic processes: After death, the body's metabolic processes come to a standstill, leading to a decrease in body temperature, cellular respiration, and other physiological functions.
2. Decline in blood pressure: The heart stops pumping blood, causing a rapid decline in blood pressure.
3. Cardiac arrest: The heart stops beating, leading to a lack of oxygen supply to the body's tissues.
4. Brain death: The brain ceases to function, causing a loss of consciousness and reflexes.
5. Rigor mortis: The muscles become stiff and rigid due to the buildup of lactic acid and other metabolic byproducts.
6. Livor mortis: Blood settles in the dependent parts of the body, causing discoloration and swelling.
7. Algor mortis: The body's temperature cools, causing the skin to feel cool to the touch.
Late Postmortem Changes:
1. Decomposition: Bacteria and other microorganisms begin to break down the body's tissues, leading to putrefaction and decay.
2. Autolysis: Enzymes within the body's cells break down cellular components, causing self-digestion and softening of the tissues.
3. Lipid decomposition: Fats and oils in the body undergo oxidation, leading to the formation of offensive odors.
4. Coagulative necrosis: Blood pools in the body's tissues, causing damage to the cells and tissues.
5. Putrefaction: Bacteria in the gut and other parts of the body cause the breakdown of tissues, leading to the formation of gases and fluids.
It is important to note that postmortem changes can significantly impact the interpretation of autopsy findings and the determination of cause of death. Therefore, it is essential to consider these changes when performing an autopsy and interpreting the results.
The symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis can vary depending on the severity of the infection, but may include:
* Fever
* Fatigue
* Loss of appetite
* Weight loss
* Enlargement of the liver and spleen
* Pain in the abdomen
* Anemia
* Low blood platelet count
* Low white blood cell count
If left untreated, visceral leishmaniasis can be fatal. Treatment is typically with antiparasitic drugs, such as miltefosine or amphotericin B, and supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
It is important to note that visceral leishmaniasis is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition, and prompt medical attention is necessary for effective treatment and management.
In the medical field, decapitation is classified as a type of catastrophic injury, meaning it has a high mortality rate and can result in permanent damage to the brain and other vital organs. Treatment for decapitation typically involves immediate resuscitation and stabilization of the patient, followed by surgical intervention to repair any damage to the neck and head.
Decapitation can be caused by a variety of factors, including car accidents, gunshot wounds, blunt trauma, and other forms of violence. It is important for medical professionals to be familiar with the signs and symptoms of decapitation, as well as the appropriate treatment methods, in order to provide the best possible care for patients who have suffered this severe injury.
There are several different types of malaria, including:
1. Plasmodium falciparum: This is the most severe form of malaria, and it can be fatal if left untreated. It is found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
2. Plasmodium vivax: This type of malaria is less severe than P. falciparum, but it can still cause serious complications if left untreated. It is found in many parts of the world, including Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
3. Plasmodium ovale: This type of malaria is similar to P. vivax, but it can cause more severe symptoms in some people. It is found primarily in West Africa.
4. Plasmodium malariae: This type of malaria is less common than the other three types, and it tends to cause milder symptoms. It is found primarily in parts of Africa and Asia.
The symptoms of malaria can vary depending on the type of parasite that is causing the infection, but they typically include:
1. Fever
2. Chills
3. Headache
4. Muscle and joint pain
5. Fatigue
6. Nausea and vomiting
7. Diarrhea
8. Anemia (low red blood cell count)
If malaria is not treated promptly, it can lead to more severe complications, such as:
1. Seizures
2. Coma
3. Respiratory failure
4. Kidney failure
5. Liver failure
6. Anemia (low red blood cell count)
Malaria is typically diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood smears or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests. Treatment for malaria typically involves the use of antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine or artemisinin-based combination therapies. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to manage complications and provide supportive care.
Prevention is an important aspect of managing malaria, and this can include:
1. Using insecticide-treated bed nets
2. Wearing protective clothing and applying insect repellent when outdoors
3. Eliminating standing water around homes and communities to reduce the number of mosquito breeding sites
4. Using indoor residual spraying (IRS) or insecticide-treated wall lining to kill mosquitoes
5. Implementing malaria control measures in areas where malaria is common, such as distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)
6. Improving access to healthcare services, particularly in rural and remote areas
7. Providing education and awareness about malaria prevention and control
8. Encouraging the use of preventive medications, such as intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) for pregnant women and children under the age of five.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical in preventing the progression of malaria and reducing the risk of complications and death. In areas where malaria is common, it is essential to have access to reliable diagnostic tools and effective antimalarial drugs.
Halesia diptera
Ceryx diptera
H. diptera
Tetragonia diptera
Melisa diptera
Psectra diptera
Eucalyptus diptera
Insecta Britannica Diptera
Morphology of Diptera
Biology of Diptera
List of Diptera families
List of Diptera of Ireland
Diptera of Patagonia and South Chile
List of obsolete names in Diptera
List of Diptera of Ireland Superfamilies Xylophagoidea, Tabanoidea, Stratiomyoidea, Nemestrinoidea, Asiloidea
Scionini
Scione (fly)
Policheta
Delphinia picta
Stenotabanus taeniotes
Rhigioglossa
Xylota penicillata
Tabanus eggeri
Sterphus coeruleus
Polygaster
Eupyrgota
Nematocera
Catachlorops
Wiedemannia gubernans
Mesoclanis dubia
Diptera.info
Diptera.info
Occurrence data of Afrotropical Mydidae (Insecta: Diptera: Asiloidea)
Systematics and ecology of the Nearctic species of Neophyllomyza (Diptera: Milichiidae) | The Canadian Entomologist | Cambridge...
New records of non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae, Orthocladiinae) from Mallorca, Spain
| CHIRONOMUS Journal of...
EENY-765/IN1324: Northern House Mosquito Culex pipiens Linnaeus, 1758 (Insecta: Diptera: Culicidae)
Fauna Sinica: Insecta, Volume 50: Diptera: Syrphidae [Chinese] | NHBS Academic & Professional Books
Usutu Virus Sequences in Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae), Spain - Volume 14, Number 5-May 2008 - Emerging Infectious...
The recovery in Canada of the brown-tail moth parasite Compsilura concinnata (Diptera: Tachinidae)
| Canadian Forest Service...
A new fossil hoverfly (Insecta, Diptera: Syrphidae) from the Randeck Maar (early Miocene, South-West Germany) | The...
Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae): A natural model organism for extreme environments - British Antarctic Survey
Phylogenetics and taxonomy of Ventrops - the largest genus of Afrotropical Rhinophoridae (Diptera) - Staff at the Natural...
Biology of the snail-killing fly, Ilione albiseta Scopoli (Diptera: Sciomyzidae) | College of Agricultural Sciences
Six new species of microsporidia of the genus Amblyospora (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) from blood sucking mosquitoes (Diptera:...
Peptidergic control of the crop of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L.) Diptera: Anthomyiidae): a role for myosuppressin. ...
A novel method of controlling a dengue mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti (‎Diptera: Culicidae)‎ using an aquatic mosquito predator...
Impact of Irradiation on Vector Competence of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) for Dengue and...
Historia naturalis bulgarica | On two remarkable species of Azeliinae (Diptera: Muscidae), previously unknown from the Balkans,...
Diurnal activity patterns of Glossina brevipalpis and G. austeni (Diptera: Glossinidae) in South Africa, with reference to...
Descriptions of two new species of Platygaster Latreille that attack gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae) with notes on their...
"FIGURE 36 in The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam" by Peter H. Adler, Hiroyuki Takaoka et al.
Diptera - Bug News
Literature | The Diptera Site
Genus Diptera Ptychopteridae Ptychoptera
"Volume 2, Chapter 12-19: Terrestrial Insects: Holometabola - Diptera N" by Janice M. Glime
diptera Archives - Anne of Green Gardens
The nematocerous Diptera of Corsica | Mosquito Taxonomic Inventory
New records of Rhaphium (Dolichopodidae, Diptera) from Russia
Lespesia archippivora (Diptera: Tachinidae) Survival and Sex Ratios within Monarch Butterfly (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Hosts -...
Culicidae1
- Six new species of microsporidia of the genus Amblyospora (Microspora: Amblyosporidae) from blood sucking mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) from the west Siberia]. (semanticscholar.org)
Insecta1
- Occurrence data of 2,060 Afrotropical Mydidae (Insecta: Diptera) specimens representing 208 species based on specimens studied in numerous natural history collections. (gbif.org)
Chironomidae1
- Belgica antarctica (Diptera: Chironomidae), a brachypterous midge endemic to the maritime Antarctic, was first described in 1900. (bas.ac.uk)
Anthomyiidae2
- Peptidergic control of the crop of the cabbage root fly, Delia radicum (L.) Diptera: Anthomyiidae): a role for myosuppressin. (whiterose.ac.uk)
- Oliveira S.J. de 1941 Sôbre Ophyra aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae). (nmnhs.com)
Species6
- Diptera: Syrphidae) is described from Early Miocene lake sediments of the Randeck Maar (Swabian Alb, south-west Germany) and compared to other fossil species of the genus. (palass.org)
- Vikhrev N. 2008 New data on the distribution and biology of the invasive species Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Muscidae). (nmnhs.com)
- Zielke E. 2016 Update of distribution records of Phaonia Robineau-Desvoidy (Diptera: Muscidae) from Bulgaria with the description of a new species. (nmnhs.com)
- Zielke E. 2017 Description of a new Limnophora species from Bulgaria (Diptera: Muscidae). (nmnhs.com)
- Lin X, Shih C, Dong R (2015) Revision of the genus Epimesoplecia Zhang, 2007 (Diptera, Nematocera, Protopleciidae) with five new species. (pensoft.net)
- The larval form of Diptera species are called maggots (see LARVA). (bvsalud.org)
Flies4
- The Diptera are commonly known as (true) flies and include many familiar insects such as mosquitoes, black flies, midges, fruit flies, blow flies and house flies. (tolweb.org)
- Thus adult flies have only one pair of functional wings, hence their scientific name-- Diptera (di - two, pteron - wing). (tolweb.org)
- FIGURE 36 in The black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) of Vietnam" by Peter H. Adler, Hiroyuki Takaoka et al. (clemson.edu)
- Wings, when present, number two and distinguish Diptera from other so-called flies, while the halteres, or reduced hindwings, separate Diptera from other insects with one pair of wings. (bvsalud.org)
Muscidae10
- Gregor F., Rozkošny R., Barták M., Vaňhara J. 2016 Manual of Central European Muscidae (Diptera). (nmnhs.com)
- Kutty S.N., Pont A.C., Meier R., Pape T. 2014 Complete tribal sampling reveals basal split in Muscidae (Diptera), confirms saprophagy as ancestral feeding mode, and reveals an evolutionary correlation between instar numbers and carnivory. (nmnhs.com)
- Diptera: Fannidae, Muscidae, Stomoxydidae. (nmnhs.com)
- Müller P. 1982 Zur Bedeutung des Musca domestica-Antagonisten Ophyra aenescens (Diptera, Muscidae) III. (nmnhs.com)
- Pont A.C., Lole M.J., Leblanc H.N., Cole J.H. 2007 The American black dump fly Hydrotaea aenescens (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera, Muscidae) in Britain and Ireland. (nmnhs.com)
- Schumann H. 1982 Zur Bedeutung des Musca domestica-Antagonisten Ophyra aenescens (Diptera: Muscidae). (nmnhs.com)
- Sorokina V.S., Pont C.A. 2010 An annotated catalogue of the Muscidae (Diptera) of Siberia. (nmnhs.com)
- Zielke E. 2016 Update of distribution records of Mydaeinae (Diptera: Muscidae) from Bulgaria. (nmnhs.com)
- Zielke E. In press Update of distribution records of Helina R.-D. and other genera of the subfamily of Phaoniinae (Diptera: Muscidae) from Bulgaria. (nmnhs.com)
- Ultrastructural studies of some character of Diptera (Muscidae) of forensically importance. (bvsalud.org)
Psychodidae1
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Bacterial flora of Sandfly gut (Diptera: Psychodidae). (who.int)
Larval1
- Larval Diptera are typically small, pale and soft-bodied. (tolweb.org)
Phylogenetic1
- For a review of phylogenetic research on Diptera see Yeates and Wiegmann 1999, Yeates et al. (tolweb.org)
Syrphidae1
- Syrphidae is a large family of Diptera up to now. (nhbs.com)
Nematocera1
- The Diptera are divided into two suborders, the Nematocera and Brachycera. (tolweb.org)
Brachycera1
- In: Pape T., Beuk P. (eds) Fauna Europaea: Diptera Brachycera. (nmnhs.com)
20171
- Nel A ( 2017 ) Peer Review #1 of 'Lygistorrhinidae (Diptera: Bibionomorpha: Sciaroidea) in early Eocene Cambay amber (v0.1)' . (peerj.com)
Search1
- Results of search for 'su:{Diptera. (who.int)
Drosophilidae1
- Impact of Background Fruit Odors on Attraction of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae) to Its Symbiotic Yeast. (bvsalud.org)