AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth CareGeographicals
Diphtheria ToxinDiphtheriaDiphtheria ToxoidDiphtheria AntitoxinCorynebacterium diphtheriaeDiphtheria-Tetanus VaccineDiphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis VaccineTetanusDiphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis VaccinesVaccines, CombinedTetanus ToxoidCommonwealth of Independent StatesPeptide Elongation Factor 2Poliovirus Vaccine, InactivatedWhooping CoughImmunization SchedulePertussis VaccineRicinVaccinationHaemophilus VaccinesImmunization, SecondaryRibosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2CorynebacteriumAntibodies, BacterialImmunotoxinsClostridium tetaniIntercellular Signaling Peptides and ProteinsAdenosine Diphosphate SugarsADP Ribose TransferasesAmmonium ChlorideAdenosine Diphosphate RiboseDisease NotificationKyrgyzstanVaccines, ConjugatePeptide Elongation FactorsVero CellsPoliovirus VaccinesImmunization ProgramsAbrinGeorgia (Republic)Peptide FragmentsUkraineReceptors, CholinergicCorynebacterium InfectionsImmunizationUSSRExotoxinsL Cells (Cell Line)Hydrogen-Ion ConcentrationReceptors, Cell SurfaceRecombinant Fusion ProteinsHepatitis B VaccinesRussiaHaemophilus influenzae type bDisease OutbreaksVaccinesPoisonsAzerbaijanProtein BiosynthesisVaccines, AcellularBacterial Toxins
Diphtheria Toxin
An ADP-ribosylating polypeptide produced by CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that causes the signs and symptoms of DIPHTHERIA. It can be broken into two unequal domains: the smaller, catalytic A domain is the lethal moiety and contains MONO(ADP-RIBOSE) TRANSFERASES which transfers ADP RIBOSE to PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTOR 2 thereby inhibiting protein synthesis; and the larger B domain that is needed for entry into cells.
Diphtheria
A localized infection of mucous membranes or skin caused by toxigenic strains of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE. It is characterized by the presence of a pseudomembrane at the site of infection. DIPHTHERIA TOXIN, produced by C. diphtheriae, can cause myocarditis, polyneuritis, and other systemic toxic effects.
Diphtheria Toxoid
The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.
Diphtheria Antitoxin
An antitoxin produced against the toxin of CORYNEBACTERIUM DIPHTHERIAE that is used for the treatment of DIPHTHERIA.
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
A species of gram-positive, asporogenous bacteria in which three cultural types are recognized. These types (gravis, intermedius, and mitis) were originally given in accordance with the clinical severity of the cases from which the different strains were most frequently isolated. This species is the causative agent of DIPHTHERIA.
Diphtheria-Tetanus Vaccine
A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. This is used in place of DTP vaccine (DIPHTHERIA-TETANUS-PERTUSSIS VACCINE) when PERTUSSIS VACCINE is contraindicated.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine
A vaccine consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and whole-cell PERTUSSIS VACCINE. The vaccine protects against diphtheria, tetanus, and whooping cough.
Tetanus
A disease caused by tetanospasmin, a powerful protein toxin produced by CLOSTRIDIUM TETANI. Tetanus usually occurs after an acute injury, such as a puncture wound or laceration. Generalized tetanus, the most common form, is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia. Localized tetanus presents itself as a mild condition with manifestations restricted to muscles near the wound. It may progress to the generalized form.
Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines
Combined vaccines consisting of DIPHTHERIA TOXOID; TETANUS TOXOID; and an acellular form of PERTUSSIS VACCINE. At least five different purified antigens of B. pertussis have been used in various combinations in these vaccines.
Vaccines, Combined
Two or more vaccines in a single dosage form.
Tetanus Toxoid
Commonwealth of Independent States
Peptide Elongation Factor 2
Peptide Elongation Factor 2 catalyzes the translocation of peptidyl-tRNA from the A site to the P site of eukaryotic ribosomes by a process linked to the hydrolysis of GTP to GDP.
Poliovirus Vaccine, Inactivated
A suspension of formalin-inactivated poliovirus grown in monkey kidney cell tissue culture and used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS.
Whooping Cough
A respiratory infection caused by BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS and characterized by paroxysmal coughing ending in a prolonged crowing intake of breath.
Immunization Schedule
Schedule giving optimum times usually for primary and/or secondary immunization.
Pertussis Vaccine
A suspension of killed Bordetella pertussis organisms, used for immunization against pertussis (WHOOPING COUGH). It is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTP). There is an acellular pertussis vaccine prepared from the purified antigenic components of Bordetella pertussis, which causes fewer adverse reactions than whole-cell vaccine and, like the whole-cell vaccine, is generally used in a mixture with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Ricin
A protein phytotoxin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally.
Vaccination
Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.
Haemophilus Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing antigenic polysaccharides from Haemophilus influenzae and designed to prevent infection. The vaccine can contain the polysaccharides alone or more frequently polysaccharides conjugated to carrier molecules. It is also seen as a combined vaccine with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.
Immunization, Secondary
Any immunization following a primary immunization and involving exposure to the same or a closely related antigen.
Ribosome Inactivating Proteins, Type 2
Ribosome inactivating proteins consisting of two polypeptide chains, the toxic A subunit and a lectin B subunit, linked by disulfide bridges. The lectin portion binds to cell surfaces and facilitates transport into the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM.
Corynebacterium
A genus of asporogenous bacteria that is widely distributed in nature. Its organisms appear as straight to slightly curved rods and are known to be human and animal parasites and pathogens.
Antibodies, Bacterial
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.
Immunotoxins
Semisynthetic conjugates of various toxic molecules, including RADIOACTIVE ISOTOPES and bacterial or plant toxins, with specific immune substances such as IMMUNOGLOBULINS; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES; and ANTIGENS. The antitumor or antiviral immune substance carries the toxin to the tumor or infected cell where the toxin exerts its poisonous effect.
Clostridium tetani
The cause of TETANUS in humans and domestic animals. It is a common inhabitant of human and horse intestines as well as soil. Two components make up its potent exotoxin activity, a neurotoxin and a hemolytic toxin.
Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.
Adenosine Diphosphate Sugars
Esters formed between the aldehydic carbon of sugars and the terminal phosphate of adenosine diphosphate.
ADP Ribose Transferases
Enzymes that transfer the ADP-RIBOSE group of NAD or NADP to proteins or other small molecules. Transfer of ADP-ribose to water (i.e., hydrolysis) is catalyzed by the NADASES. The mono(ADP-ribose)transferases transfer a single ADP-ribose. POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES transfer multiple units of ADP-ribose to protein targets, building POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE in linear or branched chains.
Ammonium Chloride
An acidifying agent that has expectorant and diuretic effects. Also used in etching and batteries and as a flux in electroplating.
Adenosine Diphosphate Ribose
An ester formed between the aldehydic carbon of RIBOSE and the terminal phosphate of ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE. It is produced by the hydrolysis of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) by a variety of enzymes, some of which transfer an ADP-ribosyl group to target proteins.
Disease Notification
Notification or reporting by a physician or other health care provider of the occurrence of specified contagious diseases such as tuberculosis and HIV infections to designated public health agencies. The United States system of reporting notifiable diseases evolved from the Quarantine Act of 1878, which authorized the US Public Health Service to collect morbidity data on cholera, smallpox, and yellow fever; each state in the US has its own list of notifiable diseases and depends largely on reporting by the individual health care provider. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Kyrgyzstan
Vaccines, Conjugate
Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.
Peptide Elongation Factors
Protein factors uniquely required during the elongation phase of protein synthesis.
Vero Cells
A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.
Poliovirus Vaccines
Vaccines used to prevent POLIOMYELITIS. They include inactivated (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, INACTIVATED) and oral vaccines (POLIOVIRUS VACCINE, ORAL).
Immunization Programs
Organized services to administer immunization procedures in the prevention of various diseases. The programs are made available over a wide range of sites: schools, hospitals, public health agencies, voluntary health agencies, etc. They are administered to an equally wide range of population groups or on various administrative levels: community, municipal, state, national, international.
Abrin
A toxic lectin from the seeds of jequirity, Abrus precatorius L. Very active poison. Five different proteins have so far been isolated: Abrus agglutinin, the component responsible for: hemagglutinating activity, & abrins a-d, the toxic principals each consisting of two peptide chains are held together by disulfide bonds.
Georgia (Republic)
Peptide Fragments
Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.
Ukraine
Receptors, Cholinergic
Cell surface proteins that bind acetylcholine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Cholinergic receptors are divided into two major classes, muscarinic and nicotinic, based originally on their affinity for nicotine and muscarine. Each group is further subdivided based on pharmacology, location, mode of action, and/or molecular biology.
Corynebacterium Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CORYNEBACTERIUM.
Immunization
Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).
USSR
Exotoxins
Toxins produced, especially by bacterial or fungal cells, and released into the culture medium or environment.
L Cells (Cell Line)
A cultured line of C3H mouse FIBROBLASTS that do not adhere to one another and do not express CADHERINS.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Receptors, Cell Surface
Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.
Hepatitis B Vaccines
Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing inactivated hepatitis B or some of its component antigens and designed to prevent hepatitis B. Some vaccines may be recombinantly produced.
Russia
Haemophilus influenzae type b
A type of H. influenzae isolated most frequently from biotype I. Prior to vaccine availability, it was a leading cause of childhood meningitis.
Disease Outbreaks
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Vaccines
Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.
Poisons
Substances which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body in relatively small amounts may, by their chemical action, cause damage to structure or disturbance of function. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Azerbaijan
Protein Biosynthesis
The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.
Vaccines, Acellular
Vaccines that are produced by using only the antigenic part of the disease causing organism. They often require a "booster" every few years to maintain their effectiveness.
Bacterial Toxins
Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.

Candidate bacterial conditions. (1/321)

This article provides background information on bacterial diseases and discusses those that are candidates for elimination or eradication. Only one disease, neonatal tetanus, is a strong candidate for elimination. Others, including Haemophilus influenzae b infection, leprosy, diphtheria, pertussis, tuberculosis, meningococcal disease, congenital syphilis, trachoma and syphilis are important causes of morbidity and mortality in industrialized and developing countries. For all these diseases, eradication/elimination is not likely because of the characteristics of the disease and limitations in the interventions.  (+info)

Use of molecular subtyping to document long-term persistence of Corynebacterium diphtheriae in South Dakota. (2/321)

Enhanced surveillance of patients with upper respiratory symptoms in a Northern Plains community revealed that approximately 4% of them were infected by toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae of both mitis and gravis biotypes, showing that the organism is still circulating in the United States. Toxigenic C. diphtheriae was isolated from five members of four households. Four molecular subtyping methods-ribotyping, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), and single-strand conformation polymorphism-were used to molecularly characterize these strains and compare them to 17 archival South Dakota strains dating back to 1973 through 1983 and to 5 isolates collected from residents of diverse regions of the United States. Ribotyping and RAPD clearly demonstrated the household transmission of isolates and provided precise information on the circulation of several distinct strains within three households. By MEE, most recent and archival South Dakota strains were identified as closely related and clustered within the newly identified ET (electrophoretic type) 215 complex. Furthermore, three recent South Dakota isolates and eight archival South Dakota isolates were indistinguishable by both ribotyping and RAPD. All of these molecular methods showed that recent South Dakota isolates and archival South Dakota isolates were more closely related to each other than to the C. diphtheriae strains isolated in other parts of the United States or worldwide. The data also supported the improbability of importation of C. diphtheriae into this area and rather strongly suggest the long-term persistence of the organism in this region.  (+info)

Resurgent diphtheria--are we safe? (3/321)

Diphtheria, one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in the past, seemed nearly eliminated from industrialized countries, thanks to improved hygienic conditions and large scale vaccinations. In 1990, a large epidemic started in Eastern Europe, mainly in Russia and Ukraine, with over 70,000 cases reported within a 5 year period. The main factors leading to the epidemic included low immunization coverage among infants and children, waning immunity to diphtheria among adults, and profound social changes in the former Soviet Union. The possibility of new virulence factors in the epidemic strain has not yet been ruled out. Even though immunity among adults is far from complete in Western Europe, the epidemic did not spread there. The main reason for this might be the good immune status of children and lack of social turbulence favouring the spread of infection. Several countries have also taken preventive measures, which may also have played a role in protection against the potential epidemic.  (+info)

Experience with diphtheria toxoid-tetanus toxoid-acellular pertussis vaccine in Japan. (4/321)

In Japan, the morbidity rate for pertussis per 100,000 population was 147.6 in 1950 when whole cell pertussis vaccine was introduced but dropped to 0.2 in 1972 when routine immunization with a combined vaccine consisting of diphtheria toxoid, tetanus toxoid, and whole cell pertussis had been widely accepted. Thereafter, adverse reactions to the whole cell pertussis vaccine became a social problem and lowered the acceptance of the vaccine. As a result, the morbidity rate increased to 11.3 in 1979. Introduction of the safer yet efficacious acellular pertussis vaccine, consisting of mainly pertussis toxoid and filamentous hemagglutinin, into the routine childhood vaccination in combination with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids in 1981 increased the acceptance rate. The lowest morbidity rate, 0.1, was achieved in 1993. During the next 16 years, almost all cases were in unvaccinated or incompletely vaccinated persons. Regardless of whether whole cell or acellular pertussis vaccine was used, > 90% of the reported pertussis cases were in children < 10 years of age until 1990. However, since 1991, the rate of pertussis in young adults 20-44 years of age has been clearly increasing. To control pertussis, booster vaccination with diphtheria toxoid-tetanus toxoid-acellular pertussis vaccine in adults should be considered.  (+info)

Similarities between the pathogenesis of and immunity to diphtheria and pertussis: the complex nature of serum antitoxin-induced immunity to these two diseases. (5/321)

Despite data from animal studies, seroepidemiological surveys, and controlled clinical trials, skepticism persists about immunity to pertussis conferred by serum IgG neutralizing antibodies (antitoxin). This is largely prompted by the absence of a "protective" level of antitoxin. Examination of the similarities between the pathogenesis and immunity to pertussis and diphtheria provides an explanation for this dilemma. As with pertussis, diphtheria toxoid vaccination confers only approximately 70% immunity on an individual basis, individuals with protective levels of antitoxin may contract diphtheria, and about 50% of the entire population, especially adults, have less than protective levels of antitoxin. The virtual disappearance of diphtheria followed vaccination of the entire population with diphtheria toxoid, which blocked transmission of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae and thus reduced the pathogen to almost undetectable levels. The individual and community-based immunity induced by diphtheria toxoid, we hypothesize, is similar to that of pertussis and pertussis toxoid.  (+info)

Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: a clinical study and comparison with Guillain-Barre syndrome. (6/321)

OBJECTIVES AND METHODS: Clinical features of 50 adults with diphtheritic polyneuropathy (DP) were studied in Riga, Latvia and compared with 21 patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS). RESULTS: Neurological complications occurred in 15% of patients admitted to hospital with diphtheria and usually after severe pharyngeal infection. Bulbar dysfunction occurred in 98% of patients with DP and only 10% of patients with GBS. Limb weakness was mild or absent in 30% of patients with DP. Ventilation dependent respiratory failure occurred in 20% of patients with DP. The first symptoms of DP occurred 2-50 days after the onset of local diphtheria infection. Neurological deterioration in DP continued for a median of 49 (range 15-83) days and improvement started 73 (range 20-115) days after onset. In 66% of patients with DP, the neuropathy was biphasic with a secondary worsening after 40 days. By contrast patients with GBS worsened for only 10 days on average (range 2-28 days) and improved after 21 (range 4-49) days. Eight patients with DP died, four from severe cardiomyopathy and four from multiple diphtheritic organ failure. Prolonged distal motor latencies (DMLs) were common to both DP and GBS, and more pronounced than motor conduction slowing. Limb symptoms continued after 1 year in 80% of the patients with DP, 6% were unable to walk independently, but independent respiratory and bulbar function had returned in all survivors. By comparison no patients with GBS died and none were severely disabled after 1 year. No death, in patients with DP occurred after antitoxin on days 1 or 2 after onset of diphtheria symptoms, whereas identical rates of death and peak severity of DP were seen both in those who received antitoxin on days 3-6 and those who did not receive it at all. CONCLUSION: Diphtheric polyneuropathy is much more likely than GBS to have a bulbar onset, to lead to respiratory failure, to evolve more slowly, to take a biphasic course, and to cause death or long term disability. Antitoxin seems ineffective if administered after the second day of diphtheritic symptoms.  (+info)

Diphtheria in the Republic of Georgia: use of molecular typing techniques for characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. (7/321)

Sixty-six Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (62 of the gravis biotype and 4 of the mitis biotype) isolated during the Georgian diphtheria epidemic of 1993 to 1998 and 13 non-Georgian C. diphtheriae strains (10 Russian and 3 reference isolates) were characterized by (i) biotyping, (ii) toxigenicity testing with the Elek assay and PCR, (iii) the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique, and (iv) pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Fifteen selected strains were ribotyped. Six RAPD types and 15 PFGE patterns were identified among all strains examined, and 12 ribotypes were found among the 15 strains that were ribotyped. The Georgian epidemic apparently was caused by one major clonal group of C. diphtheriae (PFGE type A, ribotype R1), which was identical to the predominant epidemic strain(s) isolated during the concurrent diphtheria epidemic in Russia. A dendrogram based on the PFGE patterns revealed profound differences between the minor (nonpredominant) epidemic strains found in Georgia and Russia. The methodologies for RAPD typing, ribotyping, and PFGE typing of C. diphtheriae strains were improved to enable rapid and convenient molecular typing of the strains. The RAPD technique was adequate for biotype differentiation; however, PFGE and ribotyping were better (and equal to each other) at discriminating between epidemiologically related and unrelated isolates.  (+info)

Diphtheria antitoxin levels in the Netherlands: a population-based study. (8/321)

In a population-based study in the Netherlands, diphtheria antitoxin antibodies were measured with a toxin-binding inhibition assay in 9, 134 sera from the general population and religious communities refusing vaccination. The Dutch immunization program appears to induce long-term protection against diphtheria. However, a substantial number of adults born before the program was introduced had no protective diphtheria antibody levels. Although herd immunity seems adequate, long-term population protection cannot be assured. As more than 60% of orthodox reformed persons have antibody levels lower than 0.01 IU/ml, introduction of diphtheria into religious communities refusing vaccination may constitute a danger of spread of the bacterium.  (+info)

Diphtheritic paralysis | Article about diphtheritic paralysis by The Free DictionaryDiphtheritic paralysis | Article about diphtheritic paralysis by The Free Dictionary
Looking for diphtheritic paralysis? Find out information about diphtheritic paralysis. or , complete loss or impairment of the ability to use voluntary muscles, usually as the result of a disorder of the nervous system. The nervous tissue that... Explanation of diphtheritic paralysis
https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/diphtheritic+paralysis
IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTITOXIN PRODUCED IN NORMAL AND ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS HYPERIMMUNIZED WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID |...IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF ANTITOXIN PRODUCED IN NORMAL AND ALLERGIC INDIVIDUALS HYPERIMMUNIZED WITH DIPHTHERIA TOXOID |...
1. The immunological properties of two contrasting types of human antisera, each containing a high titer of diphtheria antitoxin, have been investigated. 2. Sera which contain only non-precipitating antitoxin exhibit most of the properties of atopic reagin-containing sera. This type of antitoxin is capable of sensitizing normal human skin to toxin or toxoid and remains for many weeks in the injected area. It exhibits no Danysz effect, does not fix complement unless very large amounts of serum are used, and can be specifically coprecipitated by addition of precipitating antitoxin and toxin. On the other hand, it is capable of sensitizing guinea pigs to fatal anaphylactic shock. Heating at 56°C. for 4 hours destroys the skin-sensitizing properties and results in almost quantitative conversion to a modified antitoxin which is capable of blocking the wheal and erythema reaction caused by injection of toxoid into sensitized skin. Heating at 56°C. does not result in an appreciable loss of ...
https://rupress.org/jem/article/95/4/375/10598/IMMUNOCHEMICAL-STUDIES-OF-ANTITOXIN-PRODUCED-IN
Contagious: Respiratory diphtheria - RightDiagnosis.comContagious: Respiratory diphtheria - RightDiagnosis.com
Respiratory diphtheria is it contagious? Contagiousness of Respiratory diphtheria including infectiousness, transmission, and contagion methods and vectors.
https://www.rightdiagnosis.com/r/respiratory_diphtheria/contagious.htm
Disease Risk - Diphtheria - SmartVaxDisease Risk - Diphtheria - SmartVax
Risk to a child from Diphtheria if not vaccinated until the age of 5. Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It primarily affects the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract (respiratory diphtheria), although it may also affect the skin (cutaneous diphtheria) and lining tissues in the ear. Prior to vaccination, diphtheria was endemic. In historical times, classical naso-pharyngeal Diphtheria resulted in relatively high rates of mortality in young children although like most diseases morbidity and case fatality rates differed significantly between communities, likely reflecting differences in standards of living.[1] The Diphtheria vaccine is toxoid-based and thus does not protect the individual from infection, but instead from the effects of the toxin produced by the bacteria. Mass vaccination initiated in the 1940s combined with improved living conditions has gradually resulted in only a handful of annual cases of diphtheria infection from ...
https://smartvax.com/2011/04/29/disease-risk-diphtheria/
Diphtheria vaccine - WikiProjectMedDiphtheria vaccine - WikiProjectMed
Diphtheria vaccine is a vaccine against Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the bacterium that causes diphtheria.[1] Its use has resulted in a more than 90% decrease in number of cases globally between 1980 and 2000.[2] The first dose is recommended at six weeks of age with two additional doses four weeks apart, after which it is about 95% effective during childhood.[2] Three further doses are recommended during childhood.[2] It is unclear if further doses later in life are needed.[2] The diphtheria vaccine is very safe.[2] Significant side effects are rare.[2] Pain may occur at the injection site.[2] A bump may form at the site of injection that lasts a few weeks.[3] The vaccine is safe in both pregnancy and among those who have a poor immune function.[3] The diphtheria vaccine is delivered in several combinations.[4] Some combinations (Td and DT vaccines) include tetanus vaccine, others (known as DPT vaccine or DTaP vaccine depending on the pertussis antigen used) comes with the tetanus and pertussis ...
https://mdwiki.org/wiki/Diphtheria_vaccine
A36.85 DIPHTHERITIC CYSTITISA36.85 DIPHTHERITIC CYSTITIS
ICD-10 A36.85 is diphtheritic cystitis (A3685). This code is grouped under diagnosis codes for certain infectious and parasitic diseases.
https://healthprovidersdata.com/hipaa/codes/ICD10-A36.85
Diphtheria Vaccine | Grand Strand HealthDiphtheria Vaccine | Grand Strand Health
Learn more about Diphtheria Vaccine at Grand Strand Medical Center What Is Diphtheria?What Is the Diphtheria Vaccine?Who Should Be Vaccinated and When?What Are the...
https://grandstrandmed.com/hl/?/187037/Diptheria-vaccine&com.dotmarketing.htmlpage.language=1
Diphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern NigeriaDiphtheria outbreak with high mortality in northeastern Nigeria
SUMMARY A diphtheria outbreak occurred from February to November 2011 in the village of Kimba and its surrounding settlements, in Borno State, northeastern Nigeria. We conducted a retrospective outbreak investigation in Kimba village and the surrounding settlements to better describe the extent and clinical characteristics of this outbreak. Ninety-eight cases met the criteria of the case definition of diphtheria, 63 (64·3%) of whom were children aged ,10 years; 98% of cases had never been immunized against diphtheria. None of the 98 cases received diphtheria antitoxin, penicillin, or erythromycin during their illness. The overall case-fatality ratio was 21·4%, and was highest in children aged 0-4 years (42·9%). Low rates of immunization, delayed clinical recognition of diphtheria and absence of treatment with antitoxin and appropriate antibiotics contributed to this epidemic and its severity. ...
https://fieldresearch.msf.org/handle/10144/303703
Andhra Pradesh Houses Almost All Of World s Diphtheria CasesAndhra Pradesh Houses Almost All Of World s Diphtheria Cases
The shocking revelation that almost three-quarters of the world s diphtheria cases reside in Andhra Pradesh has served as a shot in the arm for concerned officials.
https://www.medindia.net/news/andhra-pradesh-houses-almost-all-of-worlds-diphtheria-cases-29057-1.htm
Bibliothek des Niederrheinischen Vereins für öffentliche Gesundheitspflege / On diphtheriaBibliothek des Niederrheinischen Vereins für öffentliche Gesundheitspflege / On diphtheria
Bibliothek des Niederrheinischen Vereins für öffentliche Gesundheitspflege. On diphtheria / by Edward Headlam Greenhow. London : Parker, 1860
https://digital.zbmed.de/gesundheitspflege/content/structure/6494468
Parental refusal to diphtheria vaccine: a fatal outcome - Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional RepositoryParental refusal to diphtheria vaccine: a fatal outcome - Universiti Putra Malaysia Institutional Repository
We present a case of a four-year-old boy who succumbed to diphtheria following incomplete course of immunisation, which included diphtheria vaccine. This case report focuses on the issues of parental refusal to vaccines and the development of halal vaccines for the prevention of infectious diseases. ...
http://psasir.upm.edu.my/29718/
The Antibody Theory Defies Logic - Healing Naturally by BeeThe Antibody Theory Defies Logic - Healing Naturally by Bee
The theory that the creation of antibodies in the blood indicates that protection against disease has been established is not supported by experience. The Medical Research Councils Report on Diphtheria Outbreaks in Gateshead and Dundee, published in 1950, showed that many of the persons actually in hospital with diphtheria had far more anti-toxin in their blood than was said to be required for complete protection against diphtheria, whilst nurses and others in close contact with diphtheria infection and without sufficient anti-toxin remained immune. [1957] The Brains of the Inoculated, Speech by Lily Loat.. The fallacy of this (antibody theory) was exposed nearly 50 years ago, which is hardly recent. A report published by the Medical Research Council entitled A study of diphtheria in two areas of Gt. Britain, Special report series 272, HMSO 1950 demonstrated that many of the diphtheria patients had high levels of circulating antibodies, whereas many of the contacts who remained perfectly ...
https://www.healingnaturallybybee.com/the-antibody-theory-defies-logic
Diphtheria vaccine - Travel Clinic GlasgowDiphtheria vaccine - Travel Clinic Glasgow
The best way to avoid diphtheria while travelling is to be fully vaccinated against it.. If youre travelling to a part of the world where diphtheria is widespread, you may need a booster vaccination if you were last vaccinated against it more than 10 years ago.. Diphtheria is found in many areas, including:. ...
https://travelclinicglasgow.co.uk/diphtheria-vaccine/
Theobald Centre Medical Practice - Library - Health A-ZTheobald Centre Medical Practice - Library - Health A-Z
Before a vaccination programme was introduced in 1940, diphtheria was a very common condition and one of the leading causes of death in children. The vaccination programme has been very successful. Since 2010, there have been only 20 recorded cases of diphtheria in England and Wales, and one death. Diphtheria is a notifiable disease, which means that if a doctor diagnoses the condition, they must tell the local authority.. Even though the numbers of diphtheria cases in England is low, theres a risk that an outbreak could occur if the number of people who are vaccinated falls below a certain level.. This risk was demonstrated by the diphtheria epidemic that struck the countries of the former Soviet Union between 1990 and 1998. It resulted in 157,000 cases and 5,000 deaths. The epidemic was caused by an increase in the number of children who were not vaccinated against the disease. All children should be vaccinated against diphtheria at two months of age as part of the routine childhood ...
http://www.theobaldcentre.co.uk/Library/Conditions/Articles/diphtheria/introduction
Global Diphtheria Vaccine Sales Market Report 2017 By Product, Application, Manufacturer, Sales and Segmentation -...Global Diphtheria Vaccine Sales Market Report 2017 By Product, Application, Manufacturer, Sales and Segmentation -...
In this report, the Global Diphtheria Vaccine Market is valued at USD XX million in 2016 and is expected to reach USD XX million by the end of 2022, growin
https://www.medgadget.com/2017/12/global-diphtheria-vaccine-sales-market-report-2017-by-product-application-manufacturer-sales-and-segmentation-globalqyresearch.html
2018 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code A36.84: Diphtheritic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy2018 ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code A36.84: Diphtheritic tubulo-interstitial nephropathy
Free, official coding info for 2018 ICD-10-CM A36.84 - includes detailed rules, notes, synonyms, ICD-9-CM conversion, index and annotation crosswalks, DRG grouping and more.
http://www.icd10data.com/ICD10CM/Codes/A00-B99/A30-A49/A36-/A36.84
African Mango Cleanse Online - Natural African Mango Cleanse Reviews
African - Without binding himself to the opinion that every membrane in trachea or larynx was diphtheritic, he felt certain that the majority of cases of membranous croup were diphtheritic in their nature.
http://www.tiendaintermonoxfam.org/african-ui/
DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine : what you need to knowDTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) vaccine : what you need to know
DTaP vaccine can help protect your child from diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. • DIPHTHERIA (D) can cause breathing problems, paralysis, and heart failure. Before vaccines, diphtheria killed tens of thousands of children every year in the United States. • TETANUS (T) causes painful tightening of the muscles. It can cause locking of the jaw so you cannot open your mouth or swallow. About 1 person out of 5 who get tetanus dies. • PERTUSSIS (aP), also known as Whooping Cough, causes coughing spells so bad that it is hard for infants and children to eat, drink, or breathe. It can cause pneumonia, seizures, brain damage, or death. Most children who are vaccinated with DTaP will be protected throughout childhood. Many more children would get these diseases if we stopped vaccinating. dtap.pdf ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/58573
KeralaKerala
Media in the state of Kerala, India, has reported prominently another vaccine preventable death in the state. A 15 year old boy from Malappuram district was the latest victim of the lethal mix of religion, conspiracy theories and pseudoscience. He died yesterday due to diphtheria.. Diphtheria outbreaks and deaths are not a big news in rest of India. India has 10-15 times more Diphtheria cases than any other country in the World. But it is news in Kerala state as it has comparatively much better health care record. Here in Kerala the diphtheria cases and thereby deaths are extremely rare in the last 10-15 years. Average annual incidence of diphtheria was around 10 cases in the whole of the state. But last two years saw a sudden spurt of cases from Malappuram and Kozhikode districts. There were also two deaths last year.. [Read more…]. ...
https://freethoughtblogs.com/arun/tag/kerala/page/2/
Sabinet | Age for diphtheria immunization in South AfricaSabinet | Age for diphtheria immunization in South Africa
The incidence of diphtheria in South Africa is rising because the immunization that is being carried out is insufficient. This is due to the majority of inoculation being done in the late pre-school and school-going age, a period in which the incidence is already on a steep decline. A standardized method for keeping immunization records throughout the Union is strongly recommended and a copy, on a standard card, should be given to the individual to be retained by him as carefully as a passport. The card has provision for all types of inoculations. Its introduction would prove invaluable in averting much of the present confusion amongst the public, as well as simplifying the task of any future medical attendant. It would also stimulate a greater interest in preventable diseases.
http://journals.co.za/content/m_samj/17/21/AJA20785135_20357
Diphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine - City of TorontoDiphtheria, Tetanus and Pertussis (Tdap) Vaccine - City of Toronto
Revised February 2018 Vaccine Protection The diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis combination vaccine (Tdap) is more than 97 per cent effective after completing a primary series. One adult lifetime booster with Tdap is publicly funded for adults 18 years and older. Individuals need booster doses against tetanus and diphtheria every 10 years after completing the primary […]
https://www.toronto.ca/community-people/health-wellness-care/diseases-medications-vaccines/diphtheria-tetanus-and-pertussis-tdap-vaccine/
KUMC Immunization Requirements for Clinical Non-Medicine Students (Category B) | Policy LibraryKUMC Immunization Requirements for Clinical Non-Medicine Students (Category B) | Policy Library
11/7/16: Changed One adult dose of TDap (Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis) is required (received at 19 years of age or older). Td (Tetanus/Diphtheria ) is required every 10 years after adult TDap dose. to One adult dose of TDap (Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis) is required. Td (Tetanus/Diphtheria ) is required every 10 years after adult TDap dose. 09/27/16: Added date last reviewed; Changed Tdap (Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis): Vaccine must be current (within the past 10 years). Td is not acceptable to One adult dose of TDap (Tetanus/Diphtheria/Pertussis) is required (received at 19 years of age or older). Td (Tetanus/Diphtheria ) is required every 10 years after adult TDap dose. 05/06/2016: Removed Date Last Reviewed. 07/23/2015: Published online to the policy library. 03/25/2015: Reviewed. 06/2013: Reviewed. 08/01/2005: Approved by KUMC Vice Chancellor of Student Affairs ...
https://policy.ku.edu/kumc-immunization-requirements-clinical-non-medicine-students-category-b
Department of Health | Diphtheria case definitionDepartment of Health | Diphtheria case definition
This document contains the case definitions for Diphtheria which is nationally notifiable within Australia. This definition should be used to determine whether a case should be notified.
http://www6.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-surveil-nndss-casedefs-cd_dipth.htm
Six-year-old dies in Spains first diphtheria case since 1987 - NewsOne
MADRID: A 6-year-old boy has died in Spains first case of diphtheria since 1987. The child had not been vaccinated against the disease amid controversy ov
http://www.newsone.tv/special/six-year-old-dies-in-spains-first-diphtheria-case-since-1987
Vaccinate Your Baby : DiphtheriaVaccinate Your Baby : Diphtheria
DTaP is a combination vaccine that protects children from diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. For the best protection, children need five doses of DTaP. These doses should be given to children at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, between 15 and 18 months, and between 4 and 6 years.. The Td and Tdap combination vaccines protect adolescents and adults against the tetanus and diphtheria. Tdap also protects also includes protection against pertussis. Two doses of the Tdap vaccine are recommended for adolescents. The first dose at age 11 or 12 and the second dose between 13 and 18 years of age.. Adults should receive one dose of Td every 10 years, and should substitute a one-time dose of Tdap for one of their Td boosters. Women should receive a dose of Tdap at each pregnancy.. ...
http://www.vaccinateyourbaby.org/why/history/diphtheria.cfm
Diphtheria with polyneuropathy in a closed community despite receiving recent booster vaccination
Neurological symptoms developed after a median of 43 days (range 35-58) compared to only 10 days in previous studies of unvaccinated patients. All showed evidence of mild limb polyneuropathy with electrophysiological evidence of polyneuropathy. Only 30% showed early bulbar abnormalities compared to the usual rate of over 95% in diphtheritic polyneuropathy. However, 45% had later bulbar deterioration coinciding with the limb polyneuropathy ...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/18972065/diphtheria-polyneuropathy-closed-community-despite-receiving-recent-booster-vaccination
Diphtheria Treatment Market Size and Share Is Projected To Reach USD 5 Billion at a 3.2% CAGR By 2023 | Future Trends,...Diphtheria Treatment Market Size and Share Is Projected To Reach USD 5 Billion at a 3.2% CAGR By 2023 | Future Trends,...
Diphtheria Treatment Market Size, Application and Share Analysis By Product Type (Tetanus Immune Globulin, Tetanus Toxoid, Tetanus-Diphtheria, Diphtheria
https://www.medgadget.com/2019/10/diphtheria-treatment-market-size-and-share-is-projected-to-reach-usd-5-billion-at-a-3-2-cagr-by-2023-future-trends-application-key-players-and-global-industry-insights.html
share via emailshare via email
When diphtheria was a common disease, it most commonly affected children. Typically, at least 40% of diphtheria cases were children under 5 years of age, and some 70% of cases were children under 15 years of age. This classical pattern of diphtheria cases
https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esm.02.08.00127-en
FAQs - Diphtheria Vaccine - Diphtheria Information
2) How is the vaccination administered?. The vaccination is administered by injecting the fluid into the muscles of the patient with the help of a syringe. In the case of adults, it is done in the deltoid muscles whereas for the infants, the anterolateral muscles.. 3) Which groups of people need this kind of vaccination?. It is almost mandatory in the case of children below the age of 5. For the adults, it is preferred to get a shot of this vaccination every 10 years. People of all age groups living in all kinds of environments should get it as a preservative method.. 4) Is there anyone who should not receive this vaccination?. Those people who have suffered serious side effects from the administration of this vaccination should stay away from its dosage. Also included in the list are those who are going ill. It is better to postpone its dosage till the time the illness wears off and the medical condition is back to normal.. 5) How many times does one have to take the vaccination?. There is a ...
https://apothekeonline24.com/faqs---diphtheria-vaccine.php
Have you had your diphtheria vaccines? Heres why it mattersHave you had your diphtheria vaccines? Heres why it matters
International outbreaks of the almost-forgotten disease diphtheria and pockets of low immunisation coverage put Australians at risk of catching the disease.
https://theconversation.com/have-you-had-your-diphtheria-vaccines-heres-why-it-matters-98174
Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo ClinicDiagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic
Recovering from diphtheria requires lots of bed rest. Avoiding any physical exertion is particularly important if your heart has been affected. You may need to get your nutrition through liquids and soft foods for a while because of pain and difficulty swallowing.. Strict isolation while youre contagious helps prevent the spread of the infection. Careful hand-washing by everyone in your house is important for limiting the spread of the infection.. Once you recover from diphtheria, youll need a full course of diphtheria vaccine to prevent a recurrence. Unlike some other infections, having diphtheria doesnt guarantee lifetime immunity. You can get diphtheria more than once if youre not fully immunized against it.. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diphtheria/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20351903?p=1
Sign Up for Diphtheria and TetanusSign Up for Diphtheria and Tetanus
During the first year of life, the vaccines offered are for the disease Whooping Cough, otherwise known as Pertussis, Tetanus and Diphtheria. Typically this vaccine is called DTaP or sometimes youll see it as Tdap as well. This clas covers the diphtheria and tetanus.. ...
https://app.ruzuku.com/courses/9398/about?price_point=20639&url_hash=4bfc9ce2e2694d5ebc03cf
ICD-9 Diagnosis Code 032.85 Cutaneous diphtheriaICD-9 Diagnosis Code 032.85 Cutaneous diphtheria
Diagnosis Code 032.85 information, including descriptions, synonyms, code edits, ICD-10 conversion and references to the diseases index.
https://icdlist.com/icd-9/032.85
Childrens Hospital of The Kings Daughters Health SystemChildrens Hospital of The Kings Daughters Health System
Treatment will depend on your childs symptoms, age, and general health. It will also depend on how severe the condition is.. Antibiotic medicine is used to treat respiratory diphtheria as early as possible, before toxins are released in the blood. An antitoxin may be given along with the antibiotics, if needed. Talk with your childs healthcare providers about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all medicines.. If your child has severe breathing problems, he or she may need a breathing machine (mechanical ventilator). A breathing tube is inserted in the front of the windpipe in a small surgery. This is called a tracheostomy. The tube is left in place as long as its needed, and removed as your child gets better.. ...
http://www.chkd.org/Patients-and-Families/Health-Library/Content.aspx?ContentTypeId=90&contentId=P02511&iscustom=0
Diphtheria Vaccine Market Trend - Talk Daily News
We at TalkDailyNews.com provide original reporting on burning issues and current trends in Politics, Environment, Science, Health & Technology acting as a spark to ignite the flame of knowledge towards a common and greater goal of bringing about an awareness and knowledge revolution in todays world ...
https://talkdailynews.com/tag/diphtheria-vaccine-market-trend/
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)
Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are serious illnesses. A combination vaccine is given to babies and children to provide protection against all 3 diseases.
https://healthlibrary.vidanthealth.com/Library/PreventionGuidelines/90,P02201
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)
Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are serious illnesses. A combination vaccine is given to babies and children to provide protection against all 3 diseases.
http://library.northbay.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Pediatrics/90,P02201
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)
Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are serious illnesses. A combination vaccine is given to babies and children to provide protection against all 3 diseases.
https://www.healthlibrary.inspirahealthnetwork.org/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Travel/90,P02201
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)
Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are serious illnesses. A combination vaccine is given to babies and children to provide protection against all 3 diseases.
https://healthlibrary.lhcgroup.com/Library/DiseasesConditions/Adult/Travel/90,P02201
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)
Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are serious illnesses. A combination vaccine is given to babies and children to provide protection against all 3 diseases.
https://library.southcoast.org/InteractiveTools/Calculators/90,P02201
ICD-9 Code 032.85 -Cutaneous diphtheria- AAPC CoderICD-9 Code 032.85 -Cutaneous diphtheria- AAPC Coder
ICD-9 code 032.85 for Cutaneous diphtheria is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - OTHER BACTERIAL DISEASES (030-041).
https://coder.aapc.com/icd9-codes/032.85
In a recent Sound Off you said there was no whooping cough ... / LJWorld.comIn a recent Sound Off you said there was no whooping cough ... / LJWorld.com
The DPT vaccine is the DTaP shot, which is for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.. Children ages 6 and younger receive a DTaP shot, said Kim Ens with the Lawrence-Douglas County Health Department.. Ens said that children and people age 7 or older received a Td shot, which is for tetanus and diphtheria. There is no licensed vaccination for pertussis past the age of 7.. ...
http://www2.ljworld.com/qa/sound_off/2005/jan/19/sound_off/
Diphtheria - Essay about RTT, Bacterial diseases, VaccinesDiphtheria - Essay about RTT, Bacterial diseases, Vaccines
This 832 word essay is about RTT, Bacterial diseases, Vaccines, Vaccination, Pertussis, Childhood immunizations in the United States. Read the full essay now!
https://midtermpapers.com/essays/diphtheria_3
Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium #diphtheriae #Infections, #Europe (Emerg Infect Dis., abstract) - ETIDIoHNontoxigenic Corynebacterium #diphtheriae #Infections, #Europe (Emerg Infect Dis., abstract) - ETIDIoH
[Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Emerging Infectious Diseases Journal, full page: (LINK). Summary, edited.] Volume 25, Number 7-July 2019 / Letter Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae Infections, Europe ___ To the Editor: We read with interest the article by Dangel et al. analyzing nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae infections in northern Germany during 2016-2017 (1). Among the cases, 2 patients originated…
https://etidioh.wordpress.com/2019/05/14/nontoxigenic-corynebacterium-diphtheriae-infections-europe-emerg-infect-dis-abstract/
First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia | BMC Infectious Diseases |...First-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae in Indonesia | BMC Infectious Diseases |...
Diphtheria has been reported as an outbreak in some regions in Indonesia, most especially in East Java Province. Resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and other antibiotics, single or multiple, has been reported in several studies. This study aims to evaluate the first-line antibiotic susceptibility pattern of toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates. This descriptive observational study was performed from August to November 2018. C. diphtheriae isolates were collected from diphtheria patients and carriers in East Java from 2012 to 2017 and kept at the Balai Besar Laboratorium Kesehatan Daerah Surabaya or the Public Health Laboratory of Surabaya. Sample selection was done by random cluster sampling. The sensitivity test by E-test®of the five antibiotics (penicillin, oxacillin, erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin) was done to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M45A (2015) Corynebacterium spp. for penicillin and
https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12879-019-4675-y
Molecular epidemiology of C. diphtheriae strains during different phases of the diphtheria epidemic in Belarus.
BACKGROUND: The reemergence of epidemic diphtheria in Belarus in 1990s has provided us with important information on the biology of the disease and the diversity of the causative agent Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Molecular investigations were conducted with the aim to analyze the genetic variability of C diphtheriae during the post-epidemic period. METHODS: The biotype and toxigenicity status of 3513 C. diphtheriae strains isolated from all areas in Belarus during a declining period of diphtheria morbidity (1996-2005) was undertaken. Of these, 384 strains were isolated from diphtheria cases, 1968 from tonsillitis patients, 426 from contacts and 735 from healthy carriers. Four hundred and thirty two selected strains were ribotyped. RESULTS: The C diphtheriae gravis biotype, which was prevalent during 1996-2000, was replaced by the mitis biotype during 2001-2005. The distribution of toxigenic C. diphtheriae strains also decreased from 47.1% (1996) to 5.8% (2005). Changes in the distribution of the
http://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-00097922
Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: a clinical study and comparison with Guillain-Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery ...Diphtheritic polyneuropathy: a clinical study and comparison with Guillain-Barré syndrome | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery ...
Diphtheritic polyneuropathy in Latvia affected males and females equally, was most prevalent in urban dwellers aged 40 to 60 years, and no patients with DP were encountered aged under 18 years. This population of 50 patients with DP studied at a neurological centre in Riga can be related to the overall diphtheria epidemic in Latvia. They comprise about half of all known patients with DP in Latvia during this period.15 Data from the National Environmental Health Centre registered 731 cases of diphtheria in Latvia in 1994-6, 57% adults aged 30-50. During this period in the whole of Latvia we are aware of a total of 111 patients with DP. Thus at least 15.2% of all patients diagnosed with diphtheria developed polyneuropathy. Polyneuropathy is generally regarded as being uncommon in mild diphtheritic infection, but occurs in about 10% of cases of average severity and in up to 75% of severe cases.3 Our present day Latvian data confirm that polyneuropathy is far more likely to develop after severe ...
https://jnnp.bmj.com/content/67/4/433?ijkey=0955d09450ad99c2554aa94663dc18d793c41519&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Diphtheria :: Documents.OK.GovDiphtheria :: Documents.OK.Gov
What is diphtheria? Diphtheria is an illness caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The bacteria make a toxin that harms nerves and organs such as the heart and kidneys. It also causes a fever, sore throat, and problems with swallowing. Diphtheria causes a thick coating to build up in the back of the throat which can make it hard to breathe. It can be deadly. Because of vaccines, diphtheria is now rare in the U.S. Who gets diphtheria? In the past when diphtheria was more common, children under 15 years of age who had not received the vaccine were the most likely to get diphtheria. In recent years, diphtheria is more likely to affect adults who did not receive the vaccine. How is diphtheria spread? Diphtheria is spread from person to person by contact with fluids from the nose and throat, or from skin sores. Rarely, diphtheria is spread by contact with items soiled with fluids from skin sores of an infected person. What are the symptoms of diphtheria? The symptoms of diphtheria vary ...
http://digitalprairie.ok.gov/cdm/ref/collection/stgovpub/id/389189/
gltX - Glutamate--tRNA ligase - Corynebacterium diphtheriae (strain ATCC 700971 / NCTC 13129 / Biotype gravis) - gltX gene &...gltX - Glutamate--tRNA ligase - Corynebacterium diphtheriae (strain ATCC 700971 / NCTC 13129 / Biotype gravis) - gltX gene &...
Catalyzes the attachment of glutamate to tRNA(Glu) in a two-step reaction: glutamate is first activated by ATP to form Glu-AMP and then transferred to the acceptor end of tRNA(Glu).
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q6NHM1
Diphtheria
What is diphtheria?. Diphtheria is a disease caused by bacteria. It is rare in the United States because most people have been vaccinated. People who become ill with diphtheria can have swelling of the throat, nose and tonsils which can be severe. In some people, diphtheria can be deadly. Some strains of the germ can produce a toxin that damages the heart and nerves.. What are the symptoms?. Infection usually causes sore throat, fever (101 degrees or higher), and chills. A thick coating can develop in the nose or back of the throat. It may make it hard to breathe or swallow.. Who gets diphtheria?. Diphtheria is more likely to affect adults and children who have not been immunized. There are different types of vaccines against diphtheria which are used in different age groups. These vaccines often also provide protection against tetanus (lockjaw) and pertussis (whooping cough). How does diphtheria spread?. Diphtheria spreads when an infected person coughs or sneezes and other people breathe in ...
https://www.bphc.org/whatwedo/infectious-diseases/Infectious-Diseases-A-to-Z/Pages/Diptheria.aspx
Phenotypic and Genotypic Correlates of Penicillin Susceptibility in Nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae, British Columbia,...
In 2015, the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) updated its breakpoints for penicillin susceptibility in Corynebacterium species from &lt;1 mg/L to &lt;0.12 mg/L. We assessed the effect of this change on C. diphtheriae susceptibility reported at an inner city, tertiary care center in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, during 2015-2018 and performed whole-genome sequencing to investigate phenotypic and genotypic resistance to penicillin. We identified 44/45 isolates that were intermediately susceptible to penicillin by the 2015 breakpoint, despite meeting previous CLSI criteria for susceptibility. Sequencing did not reveal β-lactam resistance genes. Multilocus sequence typing revealed a notable predominance of sequence type 76. Overall, we saw no evidence of penicillin nonsusceptibility at the phenotypic or genotypic level in C. diphtheriae isolates from our institution. The 2015 CLSI breakpoint change could cause misclassification of penicillin susceptibility in C. diphtheriae
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/26/1/19-1241_article
Diphtheria Antitoxin (Injection Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicDiphtheria Antitoxin (Injection Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
Although rare in the U.S., diphtheria is a serious disease that can cause life-threatening illnesses. Diphtheria is transmitted through contact with an infected person or a carrier of the disease.. Diphtheria antitoxin is to be administered only by or under the supervision of your doctor or other health care professional.. ...
https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/diphtheria-antitoxin-injection-route/description/drg-20063452
Canadian Manufactured Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed (Td) Vaccine Compared With U.S. Manufactured Td - Full Text View ...Canadian Manufactured Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed (Td) Vaccine Compared With U.S. Manufactured Td - Full Text View ...
The trial is designed to assess the safety of Canadian Manufactured Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed vaccine in all trial participants 11 to 59 years of age and to describe the immune responses in subsets of adolescents (11-14, and 15-18 years of age) and in a subset of adults 19-59 years of age. The trial will also compare the immune responses and safety in subjects ≥ 60 years of age receiving Canadian Manufactured Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed vaccine to an equal number of subjects ≥ 60 years of age receiving US Manufactured Tetanus and Diphtheria Toxoids Adsorbed vaccine. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00601835?cond=%22Tetanus%22&rank=4
CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Molecular Characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Outbreak Isolates, South Africa, March-June 2015...CIENCIASMEDICASNEWS: Molecular Characterization of Corynebacterium diphtheriae Outbreak Isolates, South Africa, March-June 2015...
During March-June 2015, a cluster of 15 respiratory diphtheria patients with a case-fatality ratio of 27% was reported from KwaZulu-Natal Province in South Africa (11). In 2014, before the outbreak, a KwaZulu-Natal official reported that the province had 96% coverage for the primary series of diphtheria vaccinations and 83% coverage for the 18-month booster (N. McKerrow, KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health, pers. comm., 2015 Jun 8). However, the tetanus-diphtheria booster coverage rates were 54% for 6-year-olds and 20% for 12-year-olds. In response to the outbreak of diphtheria, contact tracing was conducted and postexposure prophylaxis was given to family members and school and clinic contacts (11). Educational leaflets about social mobilization and health promotion activities were distributed in affected communities. The KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health embarked on a catch-up vaccination campaign for schoolgoing children 6-15 years of age in the affected districts. National guidelines for the ...
https://elbiruniblogspotcom.blogspot.com/2017/07/molecular-characterization-of.html
Preventing Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Among Adults: Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular...Preventing Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Among Adults: Use of Tetanus Toxoid, Reduced Diphtheria Toxoid and Acellular...
ADACEL® contains the same tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, and five pertussis antigens as those in DAPTACEL® (pediatric DTaP), but ADACEL® is formulated with reduced quantities of diphtheria toxoid and detoxified pertussis toxin (PT). Each antigen is adsorbed onto aluminum phosphate. Each dose of ADACEL® (0.5 mL) is formulated to contain 5 Lf [limit of flocculation unit] of tetanus toxoid, 2 Lf diphtheria toxoid, 2.5 µg detoxified PT, 5 µg filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA), 3 µg pertactin (PRN), and 5 µg fimbriae types 2 and 3 (FIM). Each dose also contains aluminum phosphate (0.33 mg aluminum) as the adjuvant, ,5 µg residual formaldehyde, ,50 ng residual glutaraldehyde, and 3.3 mg 2-phenoxyethanol (not as a preservative) per 0.5-mL dose. ADACEL® contains no thimerosal. ADACEL® is available in single dose vials that are latex-free (11). ADACEL® was licensed for adults on the basis of clinical trials demonstrating immunogenicity not inferior to U.S.-licensed Td or pediatric DTaP ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5517a1.htm
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Diphtheria
In their first year of life, children in the U.S. are routinely given a triple vaccine that includes vaccine for diphtheria with several booster doses in childhood. This has made cases of diphtheria extremely rare in the U.S. Because diphtheria still prevails in underdeveloped countries, the vaccine remains necessary in case of exposure to a carrier (a person with diphtheria) who is visiting from another country.. The CDC recommends that children need five DTaP shots. A DTaP shot is a combination vaccine that protects against three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The first three shots are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Between 15 and 18 months of age, the fourth shot is given, and a fifth shot when a child enters school at 4 to 6 years of age. At regular checkups for 11 or 12-year-olds, a preteen should get a dose of Tdap. The Tdap booster contains tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. If an adult did not get a Tdap as a preteen or teen, then he should get a dose of Tdap instead ...
http://www.nyhq.org/diw/Content.asp?PageID=DIW000623&More=DIW
NewYork-Presbyterian Queens - Diphtheria
In their first year of life, children in the U.S. are routinely given a triple vaccine that includes vaccine for diphtheria with several booster doses in childhood. This has made cases of diphtheria extremely rare in the U.S. Because diphtheria still prevails in underdeveloped countries, the vaccine remains necessary in case of exposure to a carrier (a person with diphtheria) who is visiting from another country.. The CDC recommends that children need five DTaP shots. A DTaP shot is a combination vaccine that protects against three diseases: diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The first three shots are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Between 15 and 18 months of age, the fourth shot is given, and a fifth shot when a child enters school at 4 to 6 years of age. At regular checkups for 11 or 12-year-olds, a preteen should get a dose of Tdap. The Tdap booster contains tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. If an adult did not get a Tdap as a preteen or teen, then he should get a dose of Tdap instead ...
http://www.nyhq.org/diw/Content.asp?PageID=DIW000623&language=Korean
Diphtheria - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MADiphtheria - Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
In their first year of life, children in the U.S. are routinely given a triple vaccine that includes vaccine for diphtheria with several booster doses in childhood. This has made cases of diphtheria extremely rare in the U.S. Because diphtheria still prevails in underdeveloped countries, the vaccine remains necessary in case of exposure to a carrier (a person with diphtheria) who is visiting from another country or if a person travels to an area where diphtheria exists.. The CDC recommends that children need 5 DTaP shots. A DTaP shot is a combination vaccine that protects against 3 diseases-diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. The first 3 shots are given at 2, 4, and 6 months of age. Between 15 and 18 months of age, the fourth shot is given, and a fifth shot when a child enters school at 4 to 6 years of age. At regular checkups for 11- or 12-year-olds, a preteen should get a dose of Tdap. The Tdap booster protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. If an adult did not get a Tdap as a ...
http://www.massgeneral.org/conditions/condition.aspx?id=143
Items where Subject is C500 Microbiology - Northumbria Research LinkItems where Subject is C500 Microbiology - Northumbria Research Link
Sangal, Vartul, Blom, Jochen, Sutcliffe, Iain, von Hunolstein, Christina, Burkovski, Andreas and Hoskisson, Paul (2015) Adherence and invasive properties of Corynebacterium diphtheriae strains correlates with the predicted membrane-associated and secreted proteome. BMC Genomics, 16 (1). p. 765. ISSN 1471-2164 Sangal, Vartul, Burkovski, Andreas, Hunt, Alison, Edwards, Becky, Blom, Jochen and Hoskisson, Paul (2014) A lack of genetic basis for biovar differentiation in clinically important Corynebacterium diphtheriae from whole genome sequencing. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 21. pp. 54-57. ISSN 1567-1348 Sangal, Vartul, Fineran, Peter and Hoskisson, Paul (2013) Novel configurations of type I and II CRISPR-Cas systems in Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Microbiology, 159 (Pt 10). pp. 2118-26. ISSN 1465-2080 Sangal, Vartul, Girvan, Kirsty, Jadhav, Sagar, Lawes, Timothy, Robb, Andrew, Vali, Leila, Edwards, Giles, Yu, Jun and Gould, Ian (2012) Impacts of a long-term programme of active surveillance ...
http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/view/subjects/C500.html
Diphtheria
Diphtheria is a rare and serious bacterial infection that affects the function of mucous membranes in the nose and throat. The bacteria get passed from person to person through contaminated personal or household items and airborne infected droplets. Young children and elderly people are at higher risk of getting diphtheria. Symptoms of diphtheria include gray/black mucus covering the throat and tonsils, sore throat, swollen glands, difficulty breathing, fever and chills, nasal discharge, and an overall feeling of discomfort (malaise). An antitoxin, which counteracts the toxin of the bacteria, as well as antibiotics, can be used to treat diphtheria. Some people with diphtheria may need hospitalization or surgery to remove the lining in the throat. There is a vaccination for diphtheria that effectively prevents the bacterial infection for many individuals and is part of the routine childhood vaccinations in most parts of the world ...
http://diseaseinfosearch.org/Diphtheria/2292
Fauces - Throat - Chapter 13 - REPERTORY OF HERINGS GUIDING SYMPTOMS OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA By Calvin B. Knerr, M.D.Fauces - Throat - Chapter 13 - REPERTORY OF HERINGS GUIDING SYMPTOMS OF OUR MATERIA MEDICA By Calvin B. Knerr, M.D.
Brownish, croup-like, thick :- Iod.. Diphtheritic :- Carb-ac., Kali-m., Kali-ma., Kreos., Lach., Merc-cy., Nat-ar.. Diphtheritic patches :- CARB-AC., Kali-m.. Dirty, in diphtheria :- Lac-c.. Grayish green, small portions can easily be removed, leaving bleeding surface (consumption) :- Merc-cy.. Grayish, peculiar, like wash leather :- Kali-perm.. Grayish white (diphtheria) :- Lac-c., Merc-cy.. Mapped, appearing like so many islands (diphtheria) :- Merc-i-f.. Nose, extending to :- Nit-ac.. Nose, covers entire and extends into, rapid destruction of parts (diphtheria) :- Merc-c.. Patches, easily detached, on inflamed :- Merc-i-f.. Pearly, fibrinous :- Sang.. Pearly, extends to larynx, worse right side (membranous croup) :- Kali-bi.. Pearly, on right side (diphtheritis) :- Sang.. Position, changes (croupous diphtheria) :- Lac-c.. Posterior wall covered :- Chin-ar.. Pseudo-membranous formation, extends all over and down throat :- Merc-cy.. Scarlatina, in :- Mur-ac.. Streaks, angry, of capillaries, ...
http://www.homeoint.org/hering/fauces.htm
Diphtheria cases on the rise among Rohingya refugees, children | One Christian RadioDiphtheria cases on the rise among Rohingya refugees, children | One Christian Radio
Photo courtesy of Jordi Bernabeu Farrús via Flickr: https://goo.gl/daSWrS). Their ministry has been serving in Bangladesh since 1971, and theyve been working with Rohingya refugees in the Coxs Bazar area since the crisis started back in October.. Currently, Edmonds says the biggest issue facing the Rohingya in refugee camps is disease and lack of sanitation. The situation, its dire. There have been floods. Theres muck and there are situations where the water is not healthy and pure. People right now are facing massive health issues. It can be health issues related to cholera, it can be simply just the disease of having to walk through feces, no latrines, no sanitation systems.. According to a report Sunday from the UN Childrens Fund, there are 1,138 suspected cases of diphtheria in the Rohingya refugee camps and 19 resulting deaths. Children are the most vulnerable - 76% of the diphtheria cases were in kids 14 and under.. Thats why FH has partnered with Medical Teams International. They ...
https://onechristianradio.co.nz/2017/12/20/diphtheria-cases-on-the-rise-among-rohingya-refugees-children/
Diphtheria
Children and adults with diphtheria are treated in a hospital. After a doctor confirms the diagnosis through a throat culture, the infected person receives a special anti-toxin, given through injections or an IV, to neutralize the diphtheria toxin already circulating in the body, plus antibiotics to kill the remaining diphtheria bacteria.. If the infection is advanced, people with diphtheria may need a ventilator to help them breathe. In cases in which the toxins may have spread to the heart, kidneys, or central nervous system, patients may need intravenous fluids, oxygen, or heart medications.. A person with diphtheria must be isolated. Family members and other close contacts who havent been immunized, or who are very young or elderly, must be protected from contact with the patient.. When someone is diagnosed with diphtheria, the doctor will notify the local health department and treat everyone in the household who may have been exposed to the bacteria. Treatment includes assessment of immune ...
https://www.rchsd.org/health-articles/diphtheria/
Indiana Immunization Coalition » Diphtheria
Diphtheria once was a major cause of illness and death among children. The U.S. recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921, resulting in 15,520 deaths. Before there was treatment for diphtheria, up to half of the people who got the disease died from it.. Starting in the 1920s, diphtheria rates dropped quickly in the U.S. and other countries that began widely vaccinating. In the past decade, there were less than five cases of diphtheria in the U.S. reported to CDC. However, the disease continues to play a role globally. In 2011, 4,887 cases of diphtheria were reported to the World Health Organization (WHO), but there are likely many more cases.. ...
http://vaccinateindiana.org/diseaseinfo/diphtheria/
Export Data and Price of Diphtheria ELISA | www.eximpulse.comExport Data and Price of Diphtheria ELISA | www.eximpulse.com
Export Data And Price Of Diphtheria ELISA , www.eximpulse.com Eximpulse Services is the place where you can find the recent and updated Trade intelligence report of Diphtheria ELISA Export Data. Whole information is based on updated Export shipment data of Indian Customs. All the compilation is done on the basis of All India ports data and has been done on daily basis. This helps you to get all India Diphtheria ELISA Export data. You can find previous two days Diphtheria ELISA Export data on Eximpulse Services. Diphtheria ELISA Export data can be useful in different kind of analysis such as: Export price, Quantity, market scenarios, Price trends, Duty optimization and many more. Some Sample Shipment records for Diphtheria ELISA Export Data of India are mentioned above. Further for Free sample and pricing of detailed reports contact on [email protected] Data post 2012 as per Notification No.18/2012 - Customs(N.T.) and does not have names of Indian companies and Foreign Companies.. ...
https://www.eximpulse.com/export-product-Diphtheria-ELISA.htm
India Export Data and Price of Diphtheria 0D | www.eximpulse.comIndia Export Data and Price of Diphtheria 0D | www.eximpulse.com
select /*+ index(customs_tariff_heading,description_of_goods,port_of_destination,country_code,indian_Port,unit_quantity_code,file_date) */ SQL_CALC_FOUND_ROWS id,port_of_destination as port_of_destination,description_of_goods,customs_tariff_heading,quantity,unit_quantity_code,country_code,value_of_goods_in_rupees,indian_Port,unit_value,date_format(file_date,%d-%b-%y) as date_time from eximpuls_export.export_master where 1=1 and match(description_of_goods)Against(+Diphtheria +0D IN BOOLEAN MODE) order by sort_date desc limit 50 offset ...
https://www.eximpulse.com/export-product-Diphtheria-0D.htm
Diphtheria surge in Sumatra city prompts vaccination drive - Outbreak News TodayDiphtheria surge in Sumatra city prompts vaccination drive - Outbreak News Today
During the last four weeks, 28 cases of children with suspected diphtheria have been found, six of which tested positive for the diphtheria bacteria, West Sumatra Health Agency head Rosnini Savitri said to the Jakarta Post.. In addition, two of the 6 confirmed cases died from the disease.. The health agency is targeting 254,000 children and adolescents aged between 2 months and 15 years for vaccination against diphtheria, the report notes.. Diphtheria is a dangerous respiratory disease is caused by a potent toxin produced by certain strains of the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria is extremely contagious through coughing or sneezing. Riskfactors include crowding, poor hygiene, and lack of immunization.. Symptoms usually appear within a week of infection. Thisinfection is characterized by a sore throat, coughing and fever very similar to many common diseases like strep throat. Additional symptoms may be bloody, watery discharge from the nose and rapid breathing. However, a ...
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/diphtheria-surge-in-sumatra-city-prompts-vaccination-drive-40546/
2: Diphtheria - 12 Deadly Diseases Cured in the 20th Century | HowStuffWorks2: Diphtheria - 12 Deadly Diseases Cured in the 20th Century | HowStuffWorks
Diphtheria is caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheriae and mainly affects the nose and throat. The bacteria spreads through airborne droplets and shared personal items. C. diphtheriae creates a toxin in the body that produces a thick, gray or black coating in the nose, throat or airway, which can also affect the heart and nervous system. Even with proper antibiotic treatment, diphtheria kills about 10 percent of the people who contract it. The first diphtheria vaccine was unveiled in 1913, and although vaccination has made a major dent in mortality rates, the disease still exists in developing countries and other areas where people are not regularly vaccinated. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that worldwide there are about 5,000 deaths from diphtheria annually, but the disease is quite rare in the United States, with fewer than five cases reported each year.. ...
https://health.howstuffworks.com/diseases-conditions/rare/12-deadly-diseases-cured-in-the-20th-century2.htm
Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)
In Brazil, until 2004, the immunization policy against diphtheria involved childhood vaccination with no official routine booster dose administered after 15 years of age. This study assessed functional antibody levels against diphtheria among blood donors. A total of 140 blood samples were collected, and diphtheria antitoxin levels were evaluated by Vero cell neutralization test. The mean age of the population was 34 years old (range: 18-61 years); 37.8% females and 62.2% males. Overall, 30.7% (95%, CI: 23.4-38.7) individuals presented neutralizing antitoxin antibody titers < 0.01 IU/ml; 42.1% (95%, CI: 34.1-50.4) showed values between 0.01-0.09 IU/ml and, 27.1% (95%, CI: 20.2-34.9) had ≥ 0.1 IU/ml. In the subgroup of individuals with history of diphtheria immunization during childhood (85%), a number of 28.5% showed unprotective levels of circulating neutralizing antibody (< 0.01 IU/ml). Despite the continuous progress of immunization programs directed to Brazilian population, currently ...
http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=oc06081&lang=en
Diphtheria Toxin : définition de Diphtheria Toxin et synonymes de Diphtheria Toxin (anglais)Diphtheria Toxin : définition de Diphtheria Toxin et synonymes de Diphtheria Toxin (anglais)
Définitions de Diphtheria Toxin, synonymes, antonymes, dérivés de Diphtheria Toxin, dictionnaire analogique de Diphtheria Toxin (anglais)
http://dictionnaire.sensagent.leparisien.fr/Diphtheria%20Toxin/en-en/
Novel Corynebacterium diphtheriae in domestic cats - WRAP: Warwick Research Archive PortalNovel Corynebacterium diphtheriae in domestic cats - WRAP: Warwick Research Archive Portal
Novel nontoxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae was isolated from a domestic cat with severe otitis. Contact investigation and carrier study of human and animal contacts yielded 3 additional, identical isolates from cats, although no evidence of zoonotic transmission was identified. Molecular methods distinguished the feline isolates from known C. diphtheriae.. ...
http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3855/
Publications & Data | European Centre for Disease Prevention and ControlPublications & Data | European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control
For 2017, 39 cases of diphtheria due to toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae or C. ulcerans were reported to ECDC. The highest proportion of C. ulcerans cases was among adults 45 years of age and above, whereas C. diphtheriae cases were more common in younger age groups. Among C. diphtheriae cases, 50% were reported as imported. High vaccination coverage is crucial to prevent diphtheria. ...
https://www.ecdc.europa.eu/en/publications-data?s=EARS-Net%20Annual%20Report&%3Bf%5B0%5D=public_health_areas%3A2198&f%5B0%5D=diseases%3A98&f%5B1%5D=geo%3A485
ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN DIPHTHERIA* | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of PhysiciansELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES IN DIPHTHERIA* | Annals of Internal Medicine | American College of Physicians
The free use of the electrocardiogram in military hospitals and an epidemic of diphtheria among unimmunized troops presented an opportunity for a reëvaluation of the non-specific electrocardiographic changes occurring in diphtheritic infections.. During combat, diphtheria was not a serious problem among the United States Forces, European Theater. Following the surrender of Germany in May 1945 and the closer concomitant contact of troops with the indigenous population, the incidence of the disease increased rapidly and reached epidemic proportions in the first five months of 1946. The incidence of diphtheria among troops of the United States Forces, European Theater and in the ...
https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/673860/electrocardiographic-changes-diphtheria
Diphtheria Toxoid - Drugs.comDiphtheria Toxoid - Drugs.com
Diphtheria Toxoid is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. A list of US medications equivalent to Diphtheria Toxoid is available on the Drugs.com website.
https://www.drugs.com/international/diphtheria-toxoid.html
Oral vaccination against diphtheria using polyacryl starch microparticles as adjuvantOral vaccination against diphtheria using polyacryl starch microparticles as adjuvant
Most pathogens enter the body via mucosal surfaces. In contrast to parenterally administered vaccination, mucosal vaccination has the advantage of eliciting both a systemic and a local mucosal immune response. An oral biodegradable adjuvant with these features would have great potential. This thesis has focused on the development of a new oral vaccine against diphtheria. Biodegradable polyacryl starch microparticles were used as a mucosal adjuvant. Diphtheria toxin or cross-reacting material of diphtheria toxin (CRM197) was covalently conjugated to the microparticles and fed to mice by oral gavage. Formaldehyde treatment was also studied as a means of either detoxifying (diphtheria toxin) or stabilising (CRM197) these formulations. All formulations given to mice orally or parenterally, but not intranasally, induced a strong systemic immune response and diphtheria toxin neutralising antibodies. Only formulations administered orally induced a mucosal IgA response as well. The non-toxic recombinant ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:165299
Imported Toxin-Producing Cutaneous Diphtheria - Minnesota, Washington, and New Mexico, 2015-2018 | MMWRImported Toxin-Producing Cutaneous Diphtheria - Minnesota, Washington, and New Mexico, 2015-2018 | MMWR
Toxin-producing Corynebacterium diphtheriae was identified in cutaneous wounds from four U.S. residents after return from international travel. Public health response for toxin-producing diphtheria includes treating patients, providing chemoprophylaxis to close contacts, testing patients and close contacts for C. diphtheriae carriage, and providing diphtheria toxoid-containing vaccine to incompletely immunized patients and close contacts.
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/68/wr/mm6812a2.htm
Avian diphtheria synonyms, avian diphtheria antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comAvian diphtheria synonyms, avian diphtheria antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for avian diphtheria in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for avian diphtheria. 2 words related to diphtheria: contagion, contagious disease. What are synonyms for avian diphtheria?
http://www.freethesaurus.com/avian+diphtheria
Department of Health | Toxigenic cutaneous diphtheria in a returned travellerDepartment of Health | Toxigenic cutaneous diphtheria in a returned traveller
A report of the public health response undertaken for a case of toxigenic cutaneous diphtheria reported in a returned traveller and the implications for surveillance policy change in South Australia and nationally.
https://www1.health.gov.au/internet/main/publishing.nsf/Content/cda-cdi3804e.htm
Q6NG14 | SWISS-MODEL Repository
SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for Q6NG14 (DNAJ1_CORDI), Chaperone protein DnaJ 1. Corynebacterium diphtheriae (strain ATCC 700971 / NCTC 13129 / Biotypegravis)
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q6NG14
Q6NJ85 | SWISS-MODEL Repository
SWISS-MODEL Repository entry for Q6NJ85 (RS5_CORDI), 30S ribosomal protein S5. Corynebacterium diphtheriae (strain ATCC 700971 / NCTC 13129 / Biotypegravis)
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/repository/uniprot/Q6NJ85
Evidence that diphtheria toxin and modeccin enter the cytosol from different vesicular compartments. | Journal of Cell Biology ...Evidence that diphtheria toxin and modeccin enter the cytosol from different vesicular compartments. | Journal of Cell Biology ...
Inhibition of protein synthesis in Vero cells was measured at different periods of time after treatment with diphtheria toxin and the related plant toxin modeccin. Diphtheria toxin acted much more rapidly than modeccin. Cells were protected against both toxins with antiserum as well as with agents like NH4Cl, procaine, and the ionophores monensin, FCCP, and CCCP, which increase the pH of intracellular vesicles. Antiserum, which is supposed to inactivate toxin only at the cell surface, protected only when it was added within a short period of time after modeccin. Compounds that increase the pH of intracellular vesicles, protected even when added after 2 h, indicating that modeccin remains inside vesicles for a considerable period of time before it enters the cytosol. After addition of diphtheria toxin to the cells, compounds that increase the pH of intracellular vesicles protected only approximately to the same extent as antitoxin. This indicates that after endocytosis diphtheria toxin rapidly ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/98/3/963/56813/Evidence-that-diphtheria-toxin-and-modeccin-enter
Why are children still dying of vaccine-preventable Diphtheria? - KanglaOnlineWhy are children still dying of vaccine-preventable Diphtheria? - KanglaOnline
Anup Agarwal and Yogesh Jain. Eight weeks ago, Payal, a ten-year-old girl, came to the emergency room at Jan Swasthya Sahyog (JSS) or Peoples Health Support Group in Bilaspur in Chhattisgarh with fever and neck pain. We diagnosed her with diphtheria and immediately provided her with the appropriate treatment, including antibiotics and anti-diphtheritic antiserum (ADS). However, despite our best efforts, her condition worsened due to heart and kidney failure, and she died.. Unfortunately, Payal was not the only child who suffered from diphtheria during a recent outbreak. In the last two months, 23 patients have been diagnosed with diphtheria in Bilaspur. Of these, we have treated nine patients at JSS, seven of whom were from a single village - Ghonghadih - and one each from the nearby villages of Beltookri and Ajaypur. Only 14 of the 23 children survived.. There have been reports on a diphtheria outbreak in 2017 from multiple states, including Karnataka, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Telangana and ...
http://kanglaonline.com/2017/10/why-are-children-still-dying-of-vaccine-preventable-diphtheria/
Public Health Partner | SanofiPasteur.caPublic Health Partner | SanofiPasteur.ca
The beginnings of this partnership stretch directly to Louis Pasteur and his establishment of the Pasteur Institute in 1888. Pasteurs success with rabies vaccine, and then the discovery of diphtheria antitoxin in the 1890s, inspired the foundation of many similar organizations around the world dedicated to producing public health products. In 1894, the Ontario Board of Health began importing a commercial supply of diphtheria antitoxin from the U.S., and also established the Ontario Vaccine Farm to provide smallpox vaccine. For the next decade, concerns grew in Canada about the price and quality of imported diphtheria antitoxin. There was also pressure from the Canadian Public Health Association, and others, on the federal government to assume responsibility for producing the antitoxin, or at least regulate its quality. In 1910, a rabies outbreak in Ontario also brought calls for the establishment of a Pasteur Institute affiliated with the University of Toronto, but little developed.. Meanwhile, ...
http://www.sanofipasteur.ca/node/17702
Diphtheria - History & FactsDiphtheria - History & Facts
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection. Once you get the disease it can take from two to five days for you to become symptomatic. The first sign of the disease is the grey mucous membrane that forms over the back of the throat and tonsils. This can then cause you to have a sore throat, hoarseness, swollen glands, difficulty breathing, or rapid breathing, nasal drippage, fever, and chills. Some people can have diphtheria and not be symptomatic. And the severity of how sick you get depends on the person as well. Some people will develop all of the symptoms where others may only have a sore throat. You can be a carrier of the disease without showing any symptoms at all. Diphtheria affects children so greatly because of the mucousy build up that forms in the back of the throat. This can cause difficulty breathing and can lead to death by suffocation in small children. Nowadays that medicine has advanced so greatly diphtheria can be treated with a full recovery if caught early enough. The death rate has ...
https://www.healthstatus.com/health_blog/wellness/diphtheria-history-facts/
Alberta: Edmonton elementary school student diagnosed with diphtheria - Outbreak News TodayAlberta: Edmonton elementary school student diagnosed with diphtheria - Outbreak News Today
Diphtheria is a dangerous respiratory disease is caused by a potent toxin produced by certain strains of the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Diphtheria is extremely contagious through coughing or sneezing. Risk factors include crowding, poor hygiene, and lack of immunization.. Symptoms usually appear within a week of infection. This infection is characterized by a sore throat, coughing and fever very similar to many common diseases like strep throat. Additional symptoms may be bloody, watery discharge from the nose and rapid breathing. However, a presumptive diagnosis can be made by observing a characteristic thick grayish patch (membrane) found in the throat. In more severe cases, neck swelling and airway obstruction may be observed. In the tropics, cutaneous and wound diphtheria is much more common and can be a source of transmission.. Vacation Home Rentals in beautiful St. Pete - Clearwater, Florida starting from $90 at TurnKey Vacation Rentals.. The real serious danger is when the ...
http://outbreaknewstoday.com/alberta-edmonton-elementary-school-student-diagnosed-diphtheria-83271/
Diphtheria - symptoms, average, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, DiagnosisDiphtheria - symptoms, average, Definition, Description, Demographics, Causes and symptoms, Diagnosis
The symptoms of diphtheria are caused by toxins produced by the diphtheria bacillus, Corynebacterium diphtheriae (from the Greek for rubber membrane). In fact, toxin production is related to infections of the bacillus itself with a particular bacteria virus called a phage (from bacteriophage, a virus that infects bacteria). The intoxication destroys healthy tissue in the upper area of the throat around the tonsils or in open wounds in the skin. Fluid from the dying cells then coagulates to form the telltale gray or grayish green membrane. Inside the membrane, the bacteria produce an exotoxin, which is a poisonous secretion that causes the life-threatening symptoms of diphtheria. The exotoxin is carried throughout the body in the bloodstream, destroying healthy tissue in other parts of the body. The most serious complications caused by the exotoxin are inflammations of the heart muscle (myocarditis) and damage to the nervous system. The risk of serious complications is increased as the time ...
http://www.healthofchildren.com/D/Diphtheria.html
Corynebacterium diphtheriae - Diphtheria | Choose the Right TestCorynebacterium diphtheriae - Diphtheria | Choose the Right Test
Classic diphtheria is characterized by the formation of a pseudomembrane on respiratory mucous membranes. Initial testing includes CBC and a rapid strep test. A diphtheria culture is usually diagnostic if disease symptoms are present.
https://arupconsult.com/content/corynebacterium-diphtheriae
Rainbow Wildlife Rescue: Avian PoxRainbow Wildlife Rescue: Avian Pox
AVIAN POX Cause. Poxvirus, several strains.. Host. Variety of birds worldwide: upland gamebirds, songbirds, marine birds, parrot family, occasionally raptors, rarely waterfowl.. Transmission. Direct contact with infected birds, ingestion of food and water contaminated by sick birds or carcasses, or contact with contaminated surfaces such as bird feeders and perches. The virus enters through abraded skin. Insects, especially mosquitoes, may act as mechanical vectors.. Clinical/Field Signs. Avian pox can occur in two forms: cutaneous pox and diphtheritic or wet pox. In cutaneous pox (the most common form), wartlike growths occur around the eyes, beak or any unfeathered skin. This leads to difficulty seeing, breathing, feeding, or perching. In diphtheritic pox, the growths form in the mouth, throat, trachea and lungs resulting in difficulty breathing or swallowing. Birds with either type may appear weak and emaciated.. Lesions. Warty growths on unfeathered skin, sometimes in large clusters. Size ...
http://rainbowwildlife.blogspot.com/2005/07/avian-pox.html
Diphtheritic paralysis | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & PsychiatryDiphtheritic paralysis | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...
http://jnnp.bmj.com/content/52/4/511.4
DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccines): What You Need to Know (VIS)DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccines): What You Need to Know (VIS)
Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis are serious diseases caused by bacteria. Diphtheria and pertussis are spread from person to person. Tetanus enters the body through cuts or wounds. DIPHTHERIA causes a thick covering in the back of the throat. ...
https://www.pedsinbrevard.com/Resources/Medical-Library/Immunizations/Articles/DTaP-Diphtheria-Tetanus-and-Pertussis-Vaccines-Wha
DiphtheriaDiphtheria
In 1735, a diphtheria epidemic swept through New England. Before 1826, diphtheria was known by different names across the world ... In 2013, three children died of diphtheria in Hyderabad, India. In early June 2015, a case of diphtheria was diagnosed at Vall ... "Diphtheria". MedlinePlus. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Mapping diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccine coverage in Africa, ... "Diphtheria Symptoms". www.cdc.gov. 10 April 2017. Retrieved 26 October 2017. "Diphtheria". The Lecturio Medical Concept Library ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria
Diphtheria antitoxinDiphtheria antitoxin
... (DAT) is a medication made up of antibodies used in the treatment of diphtheria. It is no longer ... Diphtheria antitoxin is made from the blood plasma of horses that have been immunized against diphtheria toxin. It works by ... Diphtheria antitoxin was developed and came into medical use in the late 1800s. It is on the World Health Organization's List ... Diphtheria Antitoxin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Medicine (Articles with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria_antitoxin
Diphtheria vaccineDiphtheria vaccine
... is a toxoid vaccine against diphtheria, an illness caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae. Its use has ... Diphtheria Toxoid at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) "Diphtheria Vaccine". Drug Information ... The diphtheria vaccine is very safe. Significant side effects are rare. Pain may occur at the injection site. A bump may form ... The diphtheria vaccine was developed in 1923. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In 1890, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria_vaccine
Diphtheria toxinDiphtheria toxin
Myocarditis secondary to diphtheria toxin is considered one of the biggest risks to unimmunized children. Diphtheria toxin was ... Diphtheria+Toxin at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) How Diphtheria Toxin Works - Animation ... Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the pathogenic bacterium that causes diphtheria. The ... It uses diphtheria toxin (truncated by the cell binding domain) coupled to an antibody to CD3ε (UCHT1). Similar to other A-B ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphtheria_toxin
Cutaneous diphtheria infectionCutaneous diphtheria infection
Cutaneous diphtheria is an infection of the skin by Corynebacterium diphtheriae.: 265 It is also known as "desert sore". ... Diphtheria Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006). Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: clinical ... Diphtheria, All stub articles, Infection-related cutaneous condition stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutaneous_diphtheria_infection
Angas JohnsonAngas Johnson
He argued in 1937 against diphtheria immunization on the grounds that it was effective against the milder forms of the disease ... "Diphtheria". The Advertiser. Adelaide. 26 July 1937. p. 18. Retrieved 2 January 2021 - via National Library of Australia. " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angas_Johnson
NeuritisNeuritis
Diphtheria, a once common childhood respiratory infection, produces a neurotoxin which can result in a biphasic neuropathy. ... Some of the bacterial agents most associated with neuritis are leprosy, lyme disease, and diphtheria. Viral causes of neuritis ... Sharma NC, Efstratiou A, Mokrousov I, Mutreja A, Das B, Ramamurthy T (December 2019). "Diphtheria". Nature Reviews. Disease ... neurological sequelae of infection must be treated with diphtheria antitoxin. Herpes simplex virus is a common virus which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuritis
Biosecurity in AustraliaBiosecurity in Australia
"Diphtheria". Queensland Health. 26 September 2019. Retrieved 17 April 2020. "Queensland Health". Public health and wellbeing. ... for example diphtheria), issues health alerts to the public and provides advice regarding travel and other restrictions on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosecurity_in_Australia
Ellen Kent HughesEllen Kent Hughes
"DIPHTHERIA". Daily Mail (Brisbane, Qld. : 1903 - 1926). 5 April 1919. p. 6. Archived from the original on 24 February 2022. ... She was a resident at the Hospital during the influenza and diphtheria epidemics of 1919 where she took the responsibility ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Kent_Hughes
CorynebacteriumCorynebacterium
"diphtheria". Online Etymology Dictionary. Gao, B.; Gupta, R. S. (2012). "Phylogenetic Framework and Molecular Signatures for ... Others can cause human disease, including most notably diphtheria, which is caused by C. diphtheriae. As with various species ... Perhaps the most notable one is C. diphtheriae, which acquires the capacity to produce diphtheria toxin only after interacting ... The most notable human infection is diphtheria, caused by C. diphtheriae. It is an acute, contagious infection characterized by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corynebacterium
Childhood immunizations in the United StatesChildhood immunizations in the United States
"About Diphtheria". CDC. CDC. Retrieved 10 April 2014. "Diphtheria Cause and Spread to Others". CDC. CDC. Retrieved 10 April ... Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacteria Corynebacterium diphtheria. It is spread through respiratory droplets from ... "Diphtheria Symptoms". CDC. CDC. Retrieved 10 April 2014. "Diphtheria Complications". CDC. CDC. Retrieved 10 April 2014. " ... In the past decade, the United States has had fewer than 5 reported cases of diphtheria. Unfortunately, the disease is still an ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childhood_immunizations_in_the_United_States
Charles Baber CemeteryCharles Baber Cemetery
In 1911, newspapers across Pennsylvania reported that the city of Pottsville was "in the throes of an epidemic of diphtheria," ... "Diphtheria Epidemic." Pittston, Pennsylvania: Pittston Gazette, May 26, 1911. Bortner, Peter E. "Baber Cemetery receives 10 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Baber_Cemetery
ADP-ribosylationADP-ribosylation
... corynebacterium diphtheria diphtheria toxin was shown to be dependent on NAD+ in order for it to be completely effective, ... Diphtheria toxin ADP-ribosylates ribosomal elongation factor EF-2, which attenuates protein synthesis. There are a variety of ... Diphtheria toxin. "Site and configuration of ADP-ribosylation of diphthamide in elongation factor 2". J Biol Chem. 1981;256: ... It is also the basis for the toxicity of bacterial compounds such as cholera toxin, diphtheria toxin, and others. The first ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADP-ribosylation
Victor FourgeaudVictor Fourgeaud
He is known for his work on epidemic of diphtheria in California. Fourgeaud made use of acid for treatment of diphtheria, which ... "Diphtheria Timeline". History of Vaccines. Retrieved 29 November 2012. Click through to "Toward Diphtheria Immunization" ... timeline, and choose "1856: Diphtheria in California." (Articles with hCards, Articles with VIAF identifiers, Articles with ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor_Fourgeaud
Maggie LimMaggie Lim
"Diphtheria Cases". The Singapore Free Press. 23 July 1952. p. 5. Retrieved 8 November 2020 - via NewspaperSG. "Crying Need For ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie_Lim
Haverhill, MassachusettsHaverhill, Massachusetts
Diphtheria killed 256 children in Haverhill between November 17, 1735, and December 31, 1737. George Washington visited ... 1735 - Diphtheria epidemic.[citation needed] 1789 - George Washington visits town. 1790 - Population: 2,408. 1796 - Haverhill ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haverhill,_Massachusetts
TelluriumTellurium
Kwantes, W. (1984). "Diphtheria in Europe". The Journal of Hygiene. 93 (3): 433-437. doi:10.1017/S0022172400065025. JSTOR ... the pathogen responsible for diphtheria. Tellurium and tellurium compounds are considered to be mildly toxic and need to be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium
Rupprecht, Crown Prince of BavariaRupprecht, Crown Prince of Bavaria
... died of diphtheria. Albrecht, Duke of Bavaria (3 May 1905 - 8 July 1996). Stillborn daughter (6 December 1906). Prince Rudolf ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rupprecht,_Crown_Prince_of_Bavaria
Edward Headlam GreenhowEdward Headlam Greenhow
On Diphtheria, 1860. On the Study of Epidemic Diseases as Illustrated by the Pestilences of London. Being a paper etc. pp. 24 T ... He was the author of works on diphtheria, chronic bronchitis, and on Addison's disease, the subject of his Croonian lectures ( ... Greenhow was engaged for inquiries into diphtheria (1859) and pulmonary disease among operatives (miners, grinders, flax- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Headlam_Greenhow
Iditarod Trail Sled Dog RaceIditarod Trail Sled Dog Race
"CDC Features - Diphtheria". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved April 24, 2016. "History - Iditarod". ... It occurred when a large diphtheria epidemic threatened Nome. Because Nome's supply of antitoxin had expired, Dr. Curtis Welch ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iditarod_Trail_Sled_Dog_Race
Vera RichVera Rich
Rich, Vera (13 April 1996). "Diphtheria penalty in Ukraine?". The Lancet. 347 (9007): 1038. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)90175-0. ... Rich, Vera (15 June 1996). "Diphtheria vaccination fails in Ukraine". The Lancet. 347 (9016): 1686. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96) ... Rich, Vera (2 November 1996). "Ukraine's diphtheria campaign". The Lancet. 348 (9036): 1245. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(05)65521-3 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vera_Rich
Hib vaccineHib vaccine
The Hib vaccine is available by itself, in combination with the diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine, and in combination with ... Hib vaccine combined with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis-polio vaccines and hepatitis B vaccines are available in the United ... The World Health Organization (WHO) has certified several Hib vaccine combinations, including a pentavalent diphtheria- ... mutant diphtheria protein; and meningococcal group B outer membrane protein. Multiple combinations of Hib and other vaccines ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hib_vaccine
Connaught LaboratoriesConnaught Laboratories
In particular, diphtheria (known as "The Strangler" for its infection of the respiratory system) was the leading cause of death ... In 1922, there were 747 cases and 32 deaths due to diphtheria in Hamilton. By 1927, the numbers had fallen to 11 cases and 1 ... In Ontario alone, 36,000 children died from diphtheria between 1880 and 1929. Research at the end of the 19th century, notably ... Following the success, they soon moved to tackle the lack of access to the diphtheria antitoxin with a commitment from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connaught_Laboratories
John Howard MuellerJohn Howard Mueller
His work with the diphtheria pathogen was also of practical importance for the development of vaccines against diphtheria (by ... The Diphtheria Bacillus". Journal of Bacteriology. 25 (5): 509-519. doi:10.1128/JB.25.5.509-519.1933. PMC 533524. PMID 16559631 ... In 1930 Mueller began his studies on the nutritional requirements of the diphtheria bacillus. Within a few years the Mueller ... Mueller, J. H. (1937). "Nicotinic Acid as a Growth Accessory Substance for the Diphtheria Bacillus". Journal of Bacteriology. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Howard_Mueller
Pathogenic bacteriaPathogenic bacteria
"Diphtheria vaccine" (PDF). Wkly Epidemiol Rec. 81 (3): 24-32. 20 January 2006. PMID 16671240. Archived (PDF) from the original ... Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections such as tetanus, typhoid fever, diphtheria, syphilis, and leprosy. Pathogenic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria
Microbial toxinMicrobial toxin
Diphtheria used to be a leading cause of childhood death until the creation of a vaccine. The diphtheria vaccine contains a ... Diphtheria toxin Diphtheria toxin is produced by virulent Corynebacterium diphtheriae that infect the mucosal membranes of the ... diphtheria toxin is only produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria and is required for the diphtheria disease. Not all ... diphtheria toxin is only produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria and is required for the diphtheria disease. Some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_toxin
Infection prevention and controlInfection prevention and control
... diphtheria, pertussis; N. meningitidis; and varicella. Surveillance is the act of infection investigation using the CDC ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infection_prevention_and_control
List of German inventors and discoverersList of German inventors and discoverers
Discovered the diphtheria antitoxin. It was the world's first cure for a disease (1891). He was awarded history's first Nobel ... Emil von Behring: Discovery of diphtheria antitoxin Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen: Navigator and explorer. Discovered the ... Friedrich Loeffler: discovered the organism causing diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae) and the cause of foot-and-mouth ... disease (Aphthovirus). His description of the diphtheria bacillus, published in 1884. Johann Benedict Listing: German ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_German_inventors_and_discoverers
The WaysideThe Wayside
... their son contracted diphtheria. As she wrote to Lillian Aldrich, wife of author Thomas Bailey Aldrich, "Sitting here so much ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wayside
John Warrington HawardJohn Warrington Haward
Haward, J. Warrington (1867). "On Croup and Diphtheria". St. George's Hospital Reports. ume II for the year 1867: 169-186. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Warrington_Haward
Vaccines for Diphtheria | CDCVaccines for Diphtheria | CDC
Diphtheria vaccination is recommended for all babies, children, teens, and adults. DTaP and DT are given to children younger ... CDCs Diphtheria Website. *Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Whooping Cough Vaccine Information Statements *DTaP (English / Other ... Photos of Diphtheria Bacteria and People Affected by Diphtheria. Warning: Some of these photos are graphic. ... Td=Older children and adults - Tetanus-diphtheria vaccine. *Tdap=Older children and adults - Tetanus-diphtheria-acellular ...
https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/vpd/diphtheria/index.html
Diphtheria | MedlinePlusDiphtheria | MedlinePlus
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection spread through contact with an infected person or object. Diphtheria usually affects the ... About Diphtheria (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) Also in Spanish * Diphtheria (Medical Encyclopedia) Also in ... Diphtheria Complications (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) * Diphtheria Diagnosis and Treatment (Centers for Disease ... Diphtheria Symptoms (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) * Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Pertussis Vaccines: MedlinePlus ...
https://medlineplus.gov/diphtheria.html
Diphtheria: Background, Pathophysiology, EpidemiologyDiphtheria: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology
Diphtheria manifests as either an upper respiratory tract or cutaneous infection and is caused by the aerobic gram-positive ... C diphtheria is responsible for both endemic and epidemic diseases, and it was first described in the 5th century BC by ... Since the introduction and widespread use of diphtheria toxoid in the 1920s, respiratory diphtheria has been well controlled, ... encoded search term (Diphtheria) and Diphtheria What to Read Next on Medscape ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/782051-37673/is-diphtheria-more-common-in-males-or-females
DIPHTHERIA = DIPHTÉRIEDIPHTHERIA = DIPHTÉRIE
1929)‎. DIPHTHERIA = DIPHTÉRIE. Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 04 (‎50)‎, 561. https:// ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/215494?locale-attribute=zh&
Diphtheria Differential DiagnosesDiphtheria Differential Diagnoses
Diphtheria manifests as either an upper respiratory tract or cutaneous infection and is caused by the aerobic gram-positive ... C diphtheria is responsible for both endemic and epidemic diseases, and it was first described in the 5th century BC by ... encoded search term (Diphtheria) and Diphtheria What to Read Next on Medscape ... Diphtheria Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Aug 17, 2022 * Author: Bruce M Lo, MD, MBA, CPE, RDMS, FACEP, FAAEM, FACHE; Chief ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/782051-differential
Diphtheria | CDC Yellow Book 2024
Cutaneous diphtheria is common in tropical countries. Respiratory and cutaneous diphtheria have been reported in travelers to ... Diphtheria can affect any age group, especially people who are not fully vaccinated with diphtheria toxoid vaccine. ... cutaneous diphtheria), or rarely, mucous membranes at other sites (eye, ear, vulva). Nasal diphtheria can be asymptomatic or ... tetanus-diphtheria) or Tdap (tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis). This booster is particularly important for travelers who ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2024/infections-diseases/diphtheria
DIPHTHERIA = DIPHTÉRIEDIPHTHERIA = DIPHTÉRIE
1929)‎. DIPHTHERIA = DIPHTÉRIE. Weekly Epidemiological Record = Relevé épidémiologique hebdomadaire, 04 (‎50)‎, 561. https:// ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/215494?locale-attribute=en&
Reinstatement of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertusis VaccineReinstatement of Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertusis Vaccine
Notice to Readers Reinstatement of Regular Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine Schedule ... Diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine shortage--United States. MMWR 1984;33:695-6.. POINT OF CONTACT FOR THIS DOCUMENT:. To ... The status of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine availability in the United States and interim recommendations of the U ... Notice to Readers Reinstatement of Regular Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine Schedule MMWR 34(16);231-2 Publication date: 04 ...
https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000204/p0000204.asp
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis
Enable Javascript support in the browser ...
https://www2a.cdc.gov/nip/isd/ycts/mod1/courses/dtap/
WHO EMRO | Diphtheria | Health topics
Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by the toxin produced by a bacterium named Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The ... Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by the toxin produced by a bacterium named Corynebacterium diphtheriae. The ... Control of diphtheria, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b and hepatitis B field guide, 2005 [pdf 3.66 Mb] ...
https://www.emro.who.int/health-topics/diphtheria/index.html
Diphtheria outbreak response-Lagos State sensitizes communities on vaccine efficacy | WHO | Regional Office for AfricaDiphtheria outbreak response-Lagos State sensitizes communities on vaccine efficacy | WHO | Regional Office for Africa
... was recuperating from diphtheria on a hospital bed in the childrens ward at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital (LUTH), in ... a nerve-racking week at the hospital where her son including dozen other children have been receiving treatment for diphtheria ... Diphtheria causes difficulty in breathing and heart rhythm issues and without good medical care, 50% of diphtheria patients die ... "Diphtheria is treatable. With early presentation, use of Diphtheria Antitoxin (DAT), and timely intervention, such as ...
https://www.afro.who.int/countries/nigeria/news/diphtheria-outbreak-response-lagos-state-sensitizes-communities-vaccine-efficacy
diphtheria - Wiktionarydiphtheria - Wiktionary
diphtheria (countable and uncountable, plural diphtherias) *(pathology) A serious infectious disease leading to inflammation of ... diphtheria on Wikipedia.Wikipedia References[edit]. *"diphtérie", in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized ... Today diphtheria has become so rare - just five cases in the United States in the most recent decade measured - that many ... Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=diphtheria&oldid=70281874" ...
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/diphtheria
Coverage with Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine and Influenza Vaccine Among Pregnant Women - Minnesota,...Coverage with Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine and Influenza Vaccine Among Pregnant Women - Minnesota,...
The diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is recommended for infants beginning at age 2 months, and influenza ... Coverage with Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular Pertussis Vaccine and Influenza Vaccine Among Pregnant Women - Minnesota, ... Suggested citation for this article: Barber A, Muscoplat MH, Fedorowicz A. Coverage with Tetanus, Diphtheria, and Acellular ... Updated recommendations for use of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in ...
https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/66/wr/mm6602a4.htm?s_cid=mm6602a4_w
DIPHTHERIA CARRIERS | The BMJ
DIPHTHERIA CARRIERS Br Med J 1931; 2 :680 doi:10.1136/bmj.2.3692.680-a ... DIPHTHERIA CARRIERS. Br Med J 1931; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.3692.680-a (Published 10 October 1931) Cite this as: ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/2/3692/680.2/article-info
Diphtheria (for Parents) - Cook ChildrensDiphtheria (for Parents) - Cook Children's
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection thats rare in the United States, where health officials immunize kids against it. But its ... Can Diphtheria Be Prevented?. Preventing diphtheria depends almost completely on giving the diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis ... What Is Diphtheria?. Diphtheria is a bacterial infection. It spreads easily and happens quickly, and mainly affects the nose ... How Is Diphtheria Treated?. Children and adults with diphtheria are treated in a hospital. After a doctor confirms the ...
https://www.kidshealth.org/CookChildrens/en/parents/diphtheria.html
diphtheriadiphtheria
Eurosurveillance | Diphtheria cases notified in the European UnionEurosurveillance | Diphtheria cases notified in the European Union
... members of the editorial board were asked about the occurrence of diphtheria cases in their country in the last ten years (mid ... Following the receipt of the articles on diphtheria from Poland published in this issue of EuroSurveillance, ... Following the receipt of the articles on diphtheria from Poland published in this issue of EuroSurveillance, members of the ... Diphtheria cases notified in the European Union. Euro Surveill. 1997;2(8):pii=128. https://doi.org/10.2807/esm.02.08.00128-en ...
https://www.eurosurveillance.org/content/10.2807/esm.02.08.00128-en
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Vaccine - HealthLibrary
Diphtheria-can cause breathing problems, paralysis and heart problems *Tetanus-causes painful muscle tightening all over the ... Diphtheria-best prevention is vaccination.. *Tetanus-care properly for wounds. This includes promptly cleaning wounds and ... What Other Ways Can Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Be Prevented Besides Vaccination? TOP. Prevention will depend on the ... reduced diphtheria toxoid and acellular pertussis vaccine (Tdap) in pregnant women and persons who have or anticipate having ...
http://healthlibrary.epnet.com/GetContent.aspx?token=3e5dbc25-ab4e-4419-a847-31a4e7a92e96&chunkiid=187042
Diphtheria | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine | AlternativeDiphtheria | GreenMedInfo | Disease | Natural Medicine | Alternative
1 Abstracts with Diphtheria Research. Filter by Study Type. In Vitro Study. ... Diseases : Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Diphtheria, Lower Respiratory Infections, Otitis media, Pneumonia ...
https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/diphtheria
Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.comDiphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine Uses, Side Effects & Warnings - Drugs.com
... includes diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine description, dosage and directions. ... Physician reviewed diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine patient information - ... Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine. Generic name: diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) [ dif- ... Diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis vaccine dosing information. Usual Pediatric Dose for Diphtheria Prophylaxis: ...
https://www.drugs.com/mtm/diphtheria-tetanus-acellular-pertussis-vaccine.html
Diphtheria claimed seven lives in past one month: Report | Hyderabad News - Times of IndiaDiphtheria claimed seven lives in past one month: Report | Hyderabad News - Times of India
... there has been a surge in cases of diphtheria landing at the Fever Hospital. According to data as per the Centres report, th ... Diphtheria is a highly infectious disease and patients are required to be kept in isolation just like in case of swine-flu ... Diphtheria claimed seven lives in past one month: Report. Amrita Didyala / TNN / Updated: Aug 16, 2019, 06:54 IST ... HYDERABAD: Over the last few weeks, there has been a surge in cases of diphtheria landing at the Fever Hospital. According to ...
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/hyderabad/diphtheria-claimed-seven-lives-in-past-one-month-report/articleshow/70693308.cms
Your Childs Immunizations: Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis Vaccine (DTaP) (for Parents) - DEMO - KidsHealth (Naked feed)Your Child's Immunizations: Diphtheria, Tetanus & Pertussis Vaccine (DTaP) (for Parents) - DEMO - KidsHealth (Naked feed)
The diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine protects against:. *Diphtheria: a serious infection of the throat that ... Use of the DTaP vaccine has virtually eliminated diphtheria and tetanus in childhood and has greatly reduced the number of ... Children who have had certain problems with the DTaP vaccine usually can safely receive the Td (tetanus and diphtheria) vaccine ...
https://kidshealth.org/KidsHealthDemo/en/parents/dtap-vaccine.html
Read the eBook Diphtheria, as it prevailed in the United States from 1860 to 1866, preceded by an historical account of its...Read the eBook Diphtheria, as it prevailed in the United States from 1860 to 1866, preceded by an historical account of its...
Online etext Diphtheria, as it prevailed in the United States from 1860 to 1866, preceded by an historical account of its ... I). Diphtheria complicated with other diseases 63 CHAPTER FIFTH. Nature of Diphtheria. A. Cause miasmatic 67 B. Its appearance ... Diphtheria of the Pudenda 47 Diphtheria on Wounds 48 Dii)htheria on Blistered Surfaces and Abrasions of the Skin 48 CHAPTEIl ... Diphtheria in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Spain 12 Italian Epidemic 1-1 Section XL Diphtheria in the Eighteenth ...
https://www.ebooksread.com/authors-eng/c-charles-neidhard/diphtheria-as-it-prevailed-in-the-united-states-from-1860-to-1866-preceded-by--hci/1-diphtheria-as-it-prevailed-in-the-united-states-from-1860-to-1866-preceded-by--hci.shtml
Diphtheria Antitoxin (DA)Diphtheria Antitoxin (DA)
Facts about diphtheria. What is diphtheria?. Diphtheria is a nose and throat infection caused by bacteria. It can cause trouble ... Who should get diphtheria antitoxin?. You may get diphtheria antitoxin if your doctor decides you need treatment for diphtheria ... How well does diphtheria antitoxin work?. Diphtheria antitoxin works very well to stop diphtheria disease from getting worse. ... What is diphtheria antitoxin (DA)?. Diphtheria antitoxin is made from equine (horse) blood. It is not a vaccine. Its used as a ...
https://myhealth.alberta.ca/Alberta/Pages/immunization-diphtheria-antitoxin.aspx
Diphtheria or RohiniDiphtheria or Rohini
... researched article on Diphtheria or Rohini from Indianetzone, the largest encyclopedia on India. ... According to Ayurveda, diphtheria is the result of the vitiation of the kapha. The toxin of diphtheria has a special ... Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that spreads easily and occurs quickly. It mainly affects the nose and throat. Children ... Causes and Symptoms: Diphtheria is predominantly a disease of autumn and winter, and although it affects all ages. It is more ...
https://www.indianetzone.com/23/diphtheria_or_rohini.htm
Diphtheria - Infections - Merck Manuals Consumer VersionDiphtheria - Infections - Merck Manuals Consumer Version
Diphtheria - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck Manuals - Medical Consumer Version. ... Prevention of Diphtheria For more information, see also Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis Vaccine Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis ... The diphtheria vaccine protects only against the effects of the diphtheria toxin; it does not prevent infection with diphtheria ... After exposure to diphtheria If people have close contact with a person who has diphtheria, they are tested for the infection ...
https://www.merckmanuals.com/home/infections/bacterial-infections-gram-positive-bacteria/diphtheria
DTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) Vaccine: What You Need to Know - HealthyChildren.orgDTaP (Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis) Vaccine: What You Need to Know - HealthyChildren.org
DTaP vaccine can prevent diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.. Diphtheria and pertussis spread from person to person. Tetanus ... Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of any vaccine that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, or pertussis, or ... Has had severe pain or swelling after a previous dose of any vaccine that protects against tetanus or diphtheria. ... DIPHTHERIA (D) can lead to difficulty breathing, heart failure, paralysis, or death. ...
https://www.healthychildren.org/English/safety-prevention/immunizations/Pages/Diphtheria-Tetanus-Pertussis-Vaccines-What-You-Need-to-Know.aspx
Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP)
Diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus are serious diseases.. *. Diphtheria. Diphtheria is an acute bacterial disease that can ... Immunization against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines prevent these diseases. ... Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis (DTaP). What are diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis?. ... The diphtheria bacterium can enter the body through the nose and mouth. However, it can also enter through a break in the skin ...
https://baycare.org/health-library/diphtheria-tetanus-and-pertussis-dtap
Respiratory diphtheria
A36.9 - Diphtheria, unspecified. SNOMEDCT:. 715659006 - Diphtheria of respiratory system. Look For. Subscription Required ... For the differential diagnosis of cutaneous diphtheria, see Cutaneous diphtheria.. Best Tests. Subscription Required ... Respiratory diphtheria Print Images (1) Contributors: Yoshihiko Murata MD, PhD, William Bonnez MD. Other Resources UpToDate ... that produces the diphtheria toxin.. Other manifestations of diphtheria include chronic indolent skin ulcers bearing gray ...
https://logicalimages.com/visualdx/diagnosis/respiratory+diphtheria?moduleId=101&diagnosisId=50676
ToxinTdapDTaPCorynebacteriumVaccinationCases of diphtheriaCenters for DiseasVaccinesInfectionCutaneousHaemophilusDiseasesImmunizationMeaslesOutbreakDosesForm of diphtheriaPerson with diphtheriaTreatment for diphtheriaCaused by bacteriaDropletsCauses diphtheriaPrevent diphtheriaInfectionsInfectiousBacteria that cause diphtheriaThroatSymptomsProtectsToxoidsWhooping coughIllnessComplicationsOutbreaksDirect contact with secretionsAdultsContagiousTetanus or diphtheriaNoseAntitoxinAntibioticsEpidemicToxoid vaccineDiseaseMilderOccursStrainsExotoxinImmunizationsVaccinations
Toxin20
  • The last case of respiratory diphtheria in a US traveler was reported in 2003, but toxin-producing cutaneous C. diphtheriae was identified from 4 US residents who returned from travel between September 2015 and March 2018. (cdc.gov)
  • Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by the toxin produced by a bacterium named Corynebacterium diphtheriae . (who.int)
  • In diphtheria cases that progress beyond a throat infection, the toxin spreads through the bloodstream. (kidshealth.org)
  • After a doctor confirms the diagnosis through a throat culture , the infected person gets a special anti-toxin, given through injections or an IV , to neutralize the diphtheria toxin already circulating in the body, plus antibiotics to kill the remaining diphtheria bacteria. (kidshealth.org)
  • The toxin of diphtheria has a special predilection for the heart as it attacks vehemently, resulting in its failure. (indianetzone.com)
  • Because of the activity of the diphtheria toxin, localized infection may lead to delayed systemic complications, including myocarditis, conduction defects (first-degree heart block progressing to atrioventricular dissociation and other arrhythmias), and cranial and sensorimotor peripheral neuropathy. (logicalimages.com)
  • On rare occasions, an illness similar to respiratory diphtheria is caused by other Corynebacterium species ( Corynebacterium ulcerans or Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis ) that produces the diphtheria toxin. (logicalimages.com)
  • What causes diphtheria is the Diphtheria toxin produced by the C. diphtheriae that infects the upper respiratory tract. (carrington.edu)
  • The first immunizations of animals against the illness with heat-treated diphtheria toxin took place in the late 18th century, but it was not until the 1920s that a save diphtheria vaccine was developed. (carrington.edu)
  • Diphtheria toxin, an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium that causes disease in humans by inhibiting protein synthesis, enters the cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis. (ku.edu)
  • For the first time, we present the high-resolution structure of the diphtheria toxin at a mildly acidic pH (5-6) and compare it to the structure at neutral pH (7). (ku.edu)
  • The overall results imply that the membrane interactions of the T-domain are critical in ensuring the proper conformational changes required for the preparation of the diphtheria toxin for the cellular entry. (ku.edu)
  • Diphtheria is dangerous because the bacteria which cause it produce a powerful toxin (poison). (ox.ac.uk)
  • To examine the role of monocytes/macrophages in atherosclerosis, we developed CD11b-diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor (DTR) transgenic mice, whereby administration of DT selectively kills monocytes/macrophages. (gla.ac.uk)
  • Diphtheria produces a toxin that can cause weakness, sore throat, fever and swollen neck glands. (passporthealthglobal.com)
  • This product recognizes diphtheria toxin (DT), secreted by certain strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae . (raybiotech.com)
  • Other complications are caused by the diphtheria poison (toxin) released in the blood. (ogh.org)
  • Only bacteria that produce diphtheria toxin (poison) cause the classical disease we call diphtheria. (gov.mt)
  • The vaccine protects you against the diphtheria toxin. (gov.mt)
  • His work during that period included studies on the biosynthesis of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the involvement of GTP in ribosomal protein translation and ADP-ribosylation by diphtheria toxin. (nature.com)
Tdap15
  • The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices recommends that women who are or will be pregnant during the influenza season be vaccinated with inactivated influenza virus vaccine, and that all pregnant women receive a dose of tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine in every pregnancy. (cdc.gov)
  • To protect young infants before they are age-eligible for vaccination, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) has recommended since 2004 that all women who are or will be pregnant during influenza season receive inactivated influenza vaccine ( 1 ), and since 2013 that all pregnant women receive the tetanus, diphtheria, acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
  • Preventing diphtheria depends almost completely on giving the diphtheria/tetanus/pertussis vaccine to children (DTaP) and non-immunized adolescents and adults (Tdap). (kidshealth.org)
  • After a single dose of Tdap, teens and adults should get a booster shot with the Tdap or the diphtheria/tetanus vaccine (Td) every 10 years. (kidshealth.org)
  • Then, boosters are recommended every 10 years with either Tdap or Td (only tetanus and diphtheria). (kidshealth.org)
  • Different vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (Tdap and Td) are available for older children, adolescents, and adults. (healthychildren.org)
  • Also, adults should receive a booster dose of either Tdap or Td (a different vaccine that protects against tetanus and diphtheria but not pertussis) every 10 years , or after 5 years in the case of a severe or dirty wound or burn. (peacehealth.org)
  • In February 2012, the CDC Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended the tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine for all adults, including those aged 65 years or older, and pregnant women. (medscape.com)
  • The Tdap vaccination is a 3-in-1 vaccination that protects you against three potentially dangerous diseases: tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis (whooping cough). (raffleshealth.com)
  • In June 2011, the Advisory Committee on Immunizations Practices (ACIP) recommended 1 dose of a tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis (Tdap) vaccine during pregnancy for women who had not received Tdap previously ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
  • The Tdap booster protects against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. (ogh.org)
  • All adults should get a tetanus-diphtheria (Td or Tdap) booster every 10 years. (ogh.org)
  • Make sure your child gets the diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine or combination booster (Tdap) on time. (akronchildrens.org)
  • In addition to whooping cough, the Tdap vaccine also protects the body against tetanus and diphtheria. (edcgov.us)
  • 1 Tdap combines protection against tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis. (medlineplus.gov)
DTaP11
  • The use of diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP) in the United States has greatly decreased the incidence of diphtheria. (medscape.com)
  • The diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine is recommended for infants beginning at age 2 months, and influenza vaccine is recommended for infants aged ≥6 months. (cdc.gov)
  • The diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis pediatric vaccine (also called DTaP) is used to help prevent these diseases in children. (drugs.com)
  • Use of the DTaP vaccine has virtually eliminated diphtheria and tetanus in childhood and has greatly reduced the number of pertussis cases. (kidshealth.org)
  • Children who have had certain problems with the DTaP vaccine usually can safely receive the Td (tetanus and diphtheria) vaccine. (kidshealth.org)
  • DTaP-IPV-Hib-HB protects against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), polio, Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib), and hepatitis B. Children born on or after March 1, 2018, who are under age 2 years can get this vaccine. (alberta.ca)
  • DTaP vaccine can prevent diphtheria , tetanus , and pertussis . (healthychildren.org)
  • Before the DTaP vaccine became available to the public, roughly 200,000 people contracted diphtheria and tetanus, and hundreds caught tetanus in the United States alone. (carrington.edu)
  • In the United States, acellular pertussis vaccine is recommended and usually is combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids (DTaP). (medscape.com)
  • Kids already get some routine childhood vaccines for different infections in a single shot, such as the diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) vaccine . (kidshealth.org)
  • 2 DTaP combines protection against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. (medlineplus.gov)
Corynebacterium10
  • Vaccines are available that help prevent diphtheria , an infection caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria. (cdc.gov)
  • Diphtheria is caused by toxigenic strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis , gravis , intermedius , or belfanti . (cdc.gov)
  • Diphtheria is an infection that is caused by a strain of bacteria known as Corynebacterium diphtheriae that releases tissue-killing toxins and spreads through exhaled droplets. (who.int)
  • It's used as a treatment for diphtheria disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae bacteria. (alberta.ca)
  • Diphtheria is a bacterial infection caused by Corynebacterium diptheriae. (indianetzone.com)
  • Diphtheria is a disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae , a pleomorphic gram-positive bacillus the virulence of which is largely attributed to its potent exotoxin. (logicalimages.com)
  • The vaccine contains N. meningitis serogroup a capsular polysaccharide antigens that are purified and individually conjugated to diphtheria toxoid protein that are extracted from Corynebacterium diphtheriae grown in another culture. (drugbank.com)
  • Diphtheria is an infection caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheriae. (onionsearchengine.com)
  • Corynebacterium diphtheriae is responsible for both endemic and epidemic diphtheria . (bvsalud.org)
  • The illness is caused by bacteria called Corynebacterium diphtheria. (ogh.org)
Vaccination22
  • CDC recommends diphtheria vaccination for all babies and children, preteens and teens, and adults. (cdc.gov)
  • Although vaccination is not guaranteed to prevent diphtheria, vaccinated persons who later develop diphtheria have been reported as having milder and fewer fatal infections. (medscape.com)
  • What Other Ways Can Diphtheria, Tetanus, and Pertussis Be Prevented Besides Vaccination? (epnet.com)
  • Diphtheria-best prevention is vaccination. (epnet.com)
  • Today, diphtheria is rare in developed countries, primarily because of widespread vaccination. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Fewer than five cases occur in the United States each year, but diphtheria bacteria still exist in the world and can cause outbreaks if vaccination is inadequate. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Routine vaccination has made diphtheria rare in developed countries. (merckmanuals.com)
  • However, lapses in vaccination and socioeconomic changes in some parts of the world have led to the re-emergence of diphtheria outbreaks and epidemics. (logicalimages.com)
  • Dr. Buchwald mentions that after the introduction of diphtheria vaccination in 1925 in Germany the number of cases rose by 600% up to the beginning of the Second World War. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • In Switzerland the number of cases of diphtheria had already gone down before the vaccination. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Diphtheria thus does not occur due to a supposedly high vaccination protection but due to the social and hygienic conditions in Germany. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • The graph below shows that before vaccination was introduced in the UK in 1942, there were on average 55,000 cases of diphtheria leading to around 3,500 deaths each year (mostly children). (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, because diphtheria is so infectious, there is a risk that an outbreak could occur if vaccination levels fall. (ox.ac.uk)
  • However, after it broke up into separate countries, childhood vaccination levels fell, and this led to a diphtheria epidemic. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Td, a tetanus/diphtheria vaccination is suggested every 10 years to maintain protection against these infections. (babymed.com)
  • Diphtheria and pertussis vaccination : report of a Conference of Heads of Laboratories Producing Diphtheria and Pertussis Vaccines, Dubrovnik, Yugoslavia, 13-18 October 1952. (who.int)
  • The best protection against tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis is through vaccination. (passporthealthglobal.com)
  • Who Should Receive a Tetanus, Diphtheria or Pertussis Vaccination? (passporthealthglobal.com)
  • Where Can I Get a Tetanus, Diphtheria or Pertussis Vaccination? (passporthealthglobal.com)
  • In Asia Pacific, most countries recommend a monovalent hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccine dose at birth followed by primary vaccination series including three or four doses of combination vaccines against diphtheria , tetanus , and pertussis , with or without Haemophilus influenzae type b ( Hib ), HBV or poliomyelitis antigens . (bvsalud.org)
  • If hexavalent conjugate vaccines against diphtheria - tetanus -acellular pertussis -HBV-inactivated poliovirus - Hib ( DTPa -HBV-IPV/ Hib ) replace the vaccines included in the primary vaccination series, co- administration of lower-valent vaccines would be avoided but infants would receive ≥4 doses of HBV-containing vaccines before the age of 2 years. (bvsalud.org)
  • In addition, people who have been in contact with a diphtheria patient will be assessed and may receive preventative antibiotic treatment and booster vaccination. (gov.mt)
Cases of diphtheria7
  • Most cases of diphtheria happen in people who aren't vaccinated at all or who didn't get all their shots. (kidshealth.org)
  • HYDERABAD: Over the last few weeks, there has been a surge in cases of diphtheria landing at the Fever Hospital. (indiatimes.com)
  • HCMC - Six fresh cases of diphtheria have been confirmed in the Central Highlands provinces as of on July 15, bringing total infections in. (thesaigontimes.vn)
  • In 1925 there were 40000 cases of diphtheria and in 1941 there were 200000 cases. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Most cases of diphtheria that have occurred in recent years in the UK have been brought in from the Indian subcontinent or from Africa. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Between 1990 and 1998 there were 157,000 cases of diphtheria and 5,000 deaths. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This has made cases of diphtheria very rare in the U.S. But diphtheria still occurs in developing countries. (ogh.org)
Centers for Diseas1
  • Outbreaks in Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, South Africa, Sudan, and Pakistan have occurred since 2011 (travel information about diphtheria is available at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC] web site ). (merckmanuals.com)
Vaccines10
  • Talk with your or your child's doctor if you have questions about diphtheria vaccines. (cdc.gov)
  • Dr Akintan explains that vaccinating a child with pentavalent vaccines containing diphtheria toxoid at week six, ten and 14 as well as at 15-18 months is an effective means of preventing diphtheria. (who.int)
  • What vaccines protect against diphtheria? (alberta.ca)
  • Can diphtheria antitoxin affect any vaccines I've had? (alberta.ca)
  • Diphtheria antitoxin can interfere with vaccines that protect for diphtheria. (alberta.ca)
  • People who travel to countries where there is risk of diphtheria and have not had all their diphtheria vaccines are at highest risk. (alberta.ca)
  • Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccines prevent these diseases. (baycare.org)
  • When are diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis combination vaccines given? (baycare.org)
  • Other vaccines that use the same model as Novavax include diphtheria toxoid vaccines, tetanus toxoid vaccines, the hepatitis B virus, and others. (legalreader.com)
  • Provinces and territories log data on vaccinations provided in the community against infectious diseases like measles, diphtheria, polio and whooping cough, as well as vaccines against other illnesses administered in school immunization clinics. (ctvnews.ca)
Infection11
  • Diphtheria is a serious bacterial infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • To further stop the transmission of the disease, reduce the morbidity and mortality related to the infection, WHO has been supporting Nigeria with the acquisition and placement of Diphtheria Antitoxins (DAT) in states where the disease burden is significant. (who.int)
  • This makes a diphtheria infection different from other more common infections that cause sore throat (such as strep throat ). (kidshealth.org)
  • Diphtheria is a nose and throat infection caused by bacteria. (alberta.ca)
  • Diphtheria is a bacterial infection that spreads easily and occurs quickly. (indianetzone.com)
  • Diphtheria is caused by a bacterial infection that is now rare in developed countries. (merckmanuals.com)
  • Diphtheria is a serious infectious disease, caused by bacteria spread through droplet infection, i.e., from the nasal discharge or skin lesions of patients suffering from it. (best-home-remedies.com)
  • A combined vaccine used to prevent infection with diphtheria and tetanus toxoid. (nih.gov)
  • Diphtheria is a serious throat infection that causes a greyish membrane to form in the throat. (raffleshealth.com)
  • When they have recovered they will be given a dose of diphtheria vaccine as having the disease does not necessarily protect against further infection. (gov.mt)
  • Last November, an outbreak of diphtheria , a deadly bacterial throat infection, quickly claimed at least 31 lives. (theconversation.com)
Cutaneous6
  • Transmission occurs person-to-person through respiratory droplets or direct contact with secretions from cutaneous diphtheria lesions, and rarely, by fomites. (cdc.gov)
  • Cutaneous diphtheria is common in tropical countries. (cdc.gov)
  • Respiratory and cutaneous diphtheria have been reported in travelers to countries with endemic disease. (cdc.gov)
  • For the differential diagnosis of cutaneous diphtheria, see Cutaneous diphtheria . (logicalimages.com)
  • Cutaneous diphtheria usually appears on exposed parts, especially the legs. (gov.mt)
  • Complications and deaths occur less frequently from cutaneous diphtheria. (gov.mt)
Haemophilus3
  • The vaccine contains antigens for the diseases for which it provides protection (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio and haemophilus influenza type b). (princeedwardisland.ca)
  • Integration of hexavalent diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis, hepatitis B virus, inactivated poliomyelitis and Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine within existing national recommendations following a birth dose of monovalent hepatitis B virus vaccine: results of a systematic review in the Asia Pacific region. (bvsalud.org)
  • Diphtheria vaccine is given as part of a combined diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Hib (Haemophilus influenzae type b) and polio vaccine, and offers very effective protection against all these diseases. (gov.mt)
Diseases9
  • C diphtheria is responsible for both endemic and epidemic diseases, and it was first described in the 5th century BC by Hippocrates. (medscape.com)
  • Diphtheria, tetanus , and pertussis are serious diseases caused by bacteria. (drugs.com)
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis are very serious bacterial diseases. (carrington.edu)
  • book diphtheria deadly diseases and 3 of business, he has in St Petersburg's contained honesty and has Very to the site in 1917 when Lenin not came in the TB when it captured requested Petrograd. (tucacas.info)
  • The book diphtheria deadly diseases and epidemics of the Usenet Service Provider( DMCA or NTD) and see short solutions on 2019t items to Thank they ensure their sites need never not vast as in the auxiliary book. (tucacas.info)
  • book diphtheria deadly diseases and epidemics is stranded about each century. (tucacas.info)
  • Please use to open this book diphtheria deadly diseases and for all j companies. (tucacas.info)
  • are Sorry book diphtheria deadly diseases presentations in the hardcopy opinion of background Sonic customers? (tucacas.info)
  • book diphtheria deadly diseases and technique privilege mitologí domestic. (tucacas.info)
Immunization6
  • Overcrowding, poor health, substandard living conditions, incomplete immunization, and immunocompromised states facilitate susceptibility to diphtheria and are risk factors for transmission of this disease. (medscape.com)
  • Reported cases and incidence of Diphtheria are collected annually through the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form on Immunization (JRF). (who.int)
  • Neisseria meningitidis group a capsular polysaccharide diphtheria toxoid conjugate antigen is an active intramuscular immunization for the prophylaxis of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroup a. (drugbank.com)
  • With improved immunization programmers, one rarely hears of diphtheria in the developed world. (best-home-remedies.com)
  • Diphtheria and Tetanus Antitoxoids tests are used to evaluate diphtheria immunization response. (fantesti.co)
  • 1,326 cases, diphtheria with 894 cases, Immunization Program (PNI) which, since tetanus with 236 cases, neonatal tetanus its establishment, made comprehensive with 10 cases, and rubella with 6 cases3. (bvsalud.org)
Measles1
  • Antibody levels to tetanus, diphtheria, measles and varicella in patients with primary immunodeficiency undergoing intravenous immunoglobulin therapy: a prospective study. (cdc.gov)
Outbreak4
  • Nigeria began reporting the Diphtheria outbreak in May 2022. (who.int)
  • The commercial states of Kano and Lagos are currently the epicentre of the diphtheria outbreak which has led to the death of 62 people (CRF: 15.9%) and hospitalized many more. (who.int)
  • Alabama diphtheria outbreak, 1967. (cdc.gov)
  • FHI 360 responds to a diphtheria outbreak with surveillance technical assistance and training. (fhi360.org)
Doses3
  • Treatment includes throat cultures and booster doses of the diphtheria vaccine. (kidshealth.org)
  • How many doses of diphtheria antitoxin do I need? (alberta.ca)
  • In their first year of life, children in the U.S. are given a triple vaccine that includes a vaccine for diphtheria, with several booster doses given later in childhood. (ogh.org)
Form of diphtheria6
  • This form of diphtheria is called respiratory diphtheria. (merckmanuals.com)
  • A milder form of diphtheria affects only the skin and occurs mainly in adults. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The form of diphtheria which affects the skin can cause ulcers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • it can cause classic diphtheria symptoms as well as a form of diphtheria that affects the skin and causes ulcers. (ox.ac.uk)
  • This form of diphtheria usually occurs in countries where it is difficult to practise good hygiene. (ox.ac.uk)
  • A form of diphtheria which involves the skin, eyes or genitals also exists. (onionsearchengine.com)
Person with diphtheria4
  • A person with diphtheria must be isolated. (kidshealth.org)
  • Diphtheria is spread by coughing, sneezing, or being in close contact with a person with diphtheria. (alberta.ca)
  • A person with diphtheria will often be kept in isolation until they are not contagious. (ogh.org)
  • So the vaccine is still needed in case of contact with a person with diphtheria (a carrier) who is visiting from another country. (ogh.org)
Treatment for diphtheria3
  • Getting treatment for diphtheria quickly is important. (medlineplus.gov)
  • His mother, Mrs Ade, can now smile after enduring a nerve-racking week at the hospital where her son including dozen other children have been receiving treatment for diphtheria - a vaccine-preventable disease that has killed 62 people (mostly children) in the country. (who.int)
  • You may get diphtheria antitoxin if your doctor decides you need treatment for diphtheria. (alberta.ca)
Caused by bacteria2
  • Diphtheria is caused by bacteria that infect the nose and throat. (princeedwardisland.ca)
  • Diphtheria is an illness caused by bacteria. (ogh.org)
Droplets3
  • The bacteria that cause diphtheria are usually spread in droplets of moisture coughed into the air. (merckmanuals.com)
  • It's spread from person to person by breathing in droplets that contain diphtheria bacteria when an infected person coughs or sneezes. (ogh.org)
  • Diphtheria is contagious and can be passed from person to person through the tiny droplets in sneezes and coughs. (gov.mt)
Causes diphtheria2
  • The bacteria which causes diphtheria is found in the throat or on the skin and is spread by coughing and sneezing. (princeedwardisland.ca)
  • What causes diphtheria? (ogh.org)
Prevent diphtheria2
  • The diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus vaccine can prevent diphtheria, but its protection does not last forever. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The vaccine to prevent diphtheria is usually packaged with tetanus and pertussis as the (Diptheria, Tetanus and Pertussis) DTP jab. (who.int)
Infections3
  • Other manifestations of diphtheria include chronic indolent skin ulcers bearing gray membranes and rare invasive infections such as septic arthritis, bacteremia, and endocarditis that are caused by non-toxigenic C . diphtheriae . (logicalimages.com)
  • Tetanus and Diphtheria are bacterial infections which can be fatal if not properly treated. (requestatest.com)
  • Pertussis and diphtheria are contagious bacterial infections passed between people. (babymed.com)
Infectious4
  • Diphtheria is a highly infectious disease and patients are required to be kept in isolation just like in case of swine-flu virus. (indiatimes.com)
  • Diphtheria is a typical infectious disease which generally only occurs in people who have become weak, during wars and hard times. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • Diphtheria is a serious and life-threatening infectious disease. (ox.ac.uk)
  • People who have diphtheria are infectious for up to 4 weeks or sometimes even longer. (ox.ac.uk)
Bacteria that cause diphtheria1
  • The bacteria that cause diphtheria can grow a covering that clogs the back of the throat. (babymed.com)
Throat10
  • Diphtheria usually affects the nose and throat. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In its early stages, diphtheria can be mistaken for a bad sore throat . (kidshealth.org)
  • The name is derived from the Greek word "leather", diphtheria, describing the thick coating of the throat. (carrington.edu)
  • Diphtheria usually affects the nose and throat, but sometimes it can affect the skin. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Early symptoms of diphtheria include a temperature (fever), feeling sick, a headache, sore throat and raised heart rate. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Some strains of diphtheria bacteria do not produce toxins and cause only mild disease, such as a sore throat. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Diphtheria is an acute bacterial disease that usually affects the tonsils, throat, nose and/or skin. (best-home-remedies.com)
  • When diphtheria affects the nose or throat, it causes a blockage in the respiratory inflow. (best-home-remedies.com)
  • When a person is infected with diphtheria, the bacteria often grow in the throat. (ogh.org)
  • Diphtheria is a serious disease in those who have not been immunised and usually begins with a sore throat and fever that can quickly develop to cause severe problems with breathing. (gov.mt)
Symptoms6
  • A carrier is someone whose cultures are positive for the diphtheria species but does not exhibit signs and symptoms. (medscape.com)
  • What Are the Signs & Symptoms of Diphtheria? (kidshealth.org)
  • People infected with the diphtheria bacteria, even if they don't have any symptoms, can infect others for up to 4 weeks. (kidshealth.org)
  • People can carry diphtheria and pass it on to others without showing any symptoms themselves. (ox.ac.uk)
  • With this type of diphtheria, the symptoms are often milder. (ogh.org)
  • The symptoms of diphtheria may look like other health conditions. (ogh.org)
Protects3
  • You need to wait 3 to 4 weeks after having diphtheria antitoxin before you can have a vaccine that protects against diphtheria. (alberta.ca)
  • Has had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of any vaccine that protects against tetanus, diphtheria, or pertussis , or has any severe, life-threatening allergies . (healthychildren.org)
  • Has had severe pain or swelling after a previous dose of any vaccine that protects against tetanus or diphtheria . (healthychildren.org)
Toxoids1
  • In 1942, the American scientist Pearl Kendrick combined the whole-cell pertussis vaccine with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids to generate the first DTP combination vaccine. (carrington.edu)
Whooping cough1
  • in addition to typhoid, it was trying to quell out-breaks of smallpox , tuberculosis, diphtheria and whooping cough that were also sweeping through the area. (howstuffworks.com)
Illness6
  • Toxigenic strains of C. ulcerans also cause rare cases of a diphtheria-like illness. (cdc.gov)
  • The hallmark of respiratory diphtheria is a pseudomembrane that appears within 2-3 days of illness onset, covers the mucous lining of the tonsils, pharynx, larynx, or nares, and that can extend into the trachea. (cdc.gov)
  • Diphtheria illness is very rare in Canada because of the use of diphtheria vaccine. (princeedwardisland.ca)
  • Before a vaccine was introduced in 1940, diphtheria used to be a common childhood illness which killed an average of 3,500 children a year in the UK. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Diphtheria is a very serious illness. (ogh.org)
  • Some diphtheria bacteria are more dangerous than others and can cause serious illness. (gov.mt)
Complications2
  • Patients with respiratory diphtheria require hospitalization to monitor response to treatment and manage complications. (cdc.gov)
  • In fact serious complications of respiratpry diphtheria include: myocarditis, polyneuritis, and airway obstruction. (gov.mt)
Outbreaks2
  • There is presently a resurgence of diphtheria outbreaks in Nigeria . (bvsalud.org)
  • The Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) was notified of suspected diphtheria outbreaks in Lagos and Kano States, Nigeria , in December 2022 and has been issuing monthly reports since that time . (bvsalud.org)
Direct contact with secretions1
  • Diphtheria is spread through direct contact with secretions that contain the C. diphtheriae from an infected person. (carrington.edu)
Adults3
  • Children and adults with diphtheria are treated in a hospital. (kidshealth.org)
  • Adults who are travelling to countries where diphtheria is more common may be advised to have a booster vaccine. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Diphtheria may develop in both children and adults, with those aged 40 to 64 years particularly at risk. (raffleshealth.com)
Contagious1
Tetanus or diphtheria1
  • severe pain or swelling after receiving a vaccine that contains tetanus or diphtheria. (drugs.com)
Nose1
  • The diphtheria bacterium can enter the body through the nose and mouth. (baycare.org)
Antitoxin13
  • Equine diphtheria antitoxin (DAT) is the mainstay of treatment and can be administered without waiting for laboratory confirmation. (cdc.gov)
  • With early presentation, use of Diphtheria Antitoxin (DAT), and timely intervention, such as tracheostomy improved outcomes," She says. (who.int)
  • Diphtheria antitoxin is made from equine (horse) blood. (alberta.ca)
  • Diphtheria antitoxin stops the disease from getting worse. (alberta.ca)
  • Who should get diphtheria antitoxin? (alberta.ca)
  • How well does diphtheria antitoxin work? (alberta.ca)
  • Diphtheria antitoxin works very well to stop diphtheria disease from getting worse. (alberta.ca)
  • Where can I get diphtheria antitoxin? (alberta.ca)
  • You can only get diphtheria antitoxin in a hospital. (alberta.ca)
  • Are there side effects from diphtheria antitoxin? (alberta.ca)
  • If you need diphtheria antitoxin, you'll have to stay in the hospital. (alberta.ca)
  • Anyone who needs diphtheria antitoxin can have it. (alberta.ca)
  • Patients with respiratory diphtheria require hospitalisation and treatment with diphtheria antitoxin. (gov.mt)
Antibiotics2
  • Antibiotics often work well to treat respiratory diphtheria before it releases toxins in the blood. (ogh.org)
  • Diphtheria - a disease generally easy to prevent and nearly eradicated globally - is making a comeback because of its growing resistance to antibiotics - although antibiotics are still the go-to treatment of choice. (wiredinternational.org)
Epidemic2
  • The earliest reported epidemic of diphtheria occurred in 1613 in Spain and is known as "El Año de los Garotillos" (The Year of Strangulations) in history of Spain. (carrington.edu)
  • After the fall of the Soviet Union the public health care system collapsed and there was a diphtheria epidemic. (vaccineinjury.info)
Toxoid vaccine2
  • Diphtheria can affect any age group, especially people who are not fully vaccinated with diphtheria toxoid vaccine. (cdc.gov)
  • All travelers should be up to date with diphtheria toxoid vaccine before departure. (cdc.gov)
Disease6
  • Diphtheria is a nationally notifiable disease in the United States, and clinicians can contact their state health department or the CDC Emergency Operations Center for more information. (cdc.gov)
  • Mrs Ade says she had never heard about diphtheria until her son contracted the disease. (who.int)
  • Diphtheria causes difficulty in breathing and heart rhythm issues and without good medical care, 50% of diphtheria patients die from the disease. (who.int)
  • Diphtheria is predominantly a disease of autumn and winter, and although it affects all ages. (indianetzone.com)
  • It is not possible to develop natural immunity to diphtheria without getting the disease itself, which involves a high risk of death. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Three species of diphtheria bacteria produce toxins that are able to cause severe disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Milder1
Occurs1
  • Today diphtheria occurs almost exclusively in countries that have a low standard of living and poor health care. (vaccineinjury.info)
Strains1
  • The 3 isolated strains of C diphtheria include gravis, intermedius, and mitis. (medscape.com)
Exotoxin1
  • C diphtheria adheres to mucosal epithelial cells where the exotoxin, released by endosomes, causes a localized inflammatory reaction followed by tissue destruction and necrosis. (medscape.com)
Immunizations1
  • You may get this vaccine if you're not up-to-date with your diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis immunizations. (alberta.ca)
Vaccinations5
  • Vaccinations for Tetanus and Diphtheria typically require boosters every 10 years to maintain immunity. (requestatest.com)
  • The drop in the number of diphtheria cases can therefore not be ascribed to the introduction of vaccinations. (vaccineinjury.info)
  • What Type of Tetanus, Diphtheria or Pertussis Vaccinations are Available? (passporthealthglobal.com)
  • Diphtheria is more common in some countries where vaccine uptake is poor, especially in Africa, South Asia and the former Soviet Union, so it is important to make sure your vaccinations are up to date before you travel to these areas. (gov.mt)
  • Safety of tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis and influenza vaccinations in pregnancy. (cdc.gov)