Dioxins. Medical search

Chlorinated hydrocarbons containing heteroatoms that are present as contaminants of herbicides. Dioxins are carcinogenic, teratogenic, and mutagenic. They have been banned from use by the FDA.

Compounds that contain a BENZENE ring fused to a furan ring.

Industrial products consisting of a mixture of chlorinated biphenyl congeners and isomers. These compounds are highly lipophilic and tend to accumulate in fat stores of animals. Many of these compounds are considered toxic and potential environmental pollutants.

A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.

High temperature destruction of waste by burning with subsequent reduction to ashes or conversion to an inert mass.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind certain aryl hydrocarbons, translocate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of particular DNA segments. AH receptors are identified by their high-affinity binding to several carcinogenic or teratogenic environmental chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in cigarette smoke and smog, heterocyclic amines found in cooked foods, and halogenated hydrocarbons including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. No endogenous ligand has been identified, but an unknown natural messenger with a role in cell differentiation and development is suspected.

The presence in food of harmful, unpalatable, or otherwise objectionable foreign substances, e.g. chemicals, microorganisms or diluents, before, during, or after processing or storage.

The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals.

The discarding or destroying of garbage, sewage, or other waste matter or its transformation into something useful or innocuous.

The total amount of a chemical, metal or radioactive substance present at any time after absorption in the body of man or animal.

Phenols substituted with one or more chlorine atoms in any position.

Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.

Plugs or cylinders made of cotton, sponge, or other absorbent material. They are used in surgery to absorb fluids such as blood or drainage.

Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.

The monitoring of the level of toxins, chemical pollutants, microbial contaminants, or other harmful substances in the environment (soil, air, and water), workplace, or in the bodies of people and animals present in that environment.

Hydrocarbon compounds with one or more of the hydrogens replaced by CHLORINE.

A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.

Drugs and their metabolites which are found in the edible tissues and milk of animals after their medication with specific drugs. This term can also apply to drugs found in adipose tissue of humans after drug treatment.

Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.

Food products manufactured from poultry.

A chlorinated epoxy compound used as an industrial solvent. It is a strong skin irritant and carcinogen.

High-molecular-weight insoluble polymers that contain functional cationic groups capable of undergoing exchange reactions with anions.

Milk, Human is a complex biological fluid produced by the mammary glands of human females to nourish and support the growth and development of their infants.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Uncontrolled release of a chemical from its containment that either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a chemical hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately.

Pesticides or their breakdown products remaining in the environment following their normal use or accidental contamination.

The maximum exposure to a biologically active physical or chemical agent that is allowed during an 8-hour period (a workday) in a population of workers, or during a 24-hour period in the general population, which does not appear to cause appreciable harm, whether immediate or delayed for any period, in the target population. (From Lewis Dictionary of Toxicology, 1st ed)

Russia is a country in Eurasia known for its diverse geography, rich history, and significant contributions to various fields, including medicine.

Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.

An insecticide and herbicide that has also been used as a wood preservative. Pentachlorphenol is a widespread environmental pollutant. Both chronic and acute pentachlorophenol poisoning are medical concerns. The range of its biological actions is still being actively explored, but it is clearly a potent enzyme inhibitor and has been used as such as an experimental tool.

Michigan is a term used in the medical field to refer to the state of Michigan in the United States, which is home to several medical schools and research institutions.

Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE.

A CHROMATOGRAPHY method using supercritical fluid, usually carbon dioxide under very high pressure (around 73 atmospheres or 1070 psi at room temperature) as the mobile phase. Other solvents are sometimes added as modifiers. This is used both for analytical (SFC) and extraction (SFE) purposes.

Relationships between environmental organochlorine contaminant residues, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in Great Lakes herring gull embryos. (1/575)

Experiments were conducted to survey and detect differences in plasma corticosterone concentrations and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in herring gull (Larus argentatus) embryos environmentally exposed to organochlorine contaminants in ovo. Unincubated fertile herring gull eggs were collected from an Atlantic coast control site and various Great Lakes sites in 1997 and artificially incubated in the laboratory. Liver and/or kidney tissues from approximately half of the late-stage embryos were analyzed for the activities of various intermediary metabolic enzymes known to be regulated, at least in part, by corticosteroids. Basal plasma corticosterone concentrations were determined for the remaining embryos. Yolk sacs were collected from each embryo and a subset was analyzed for organochlorine contaminants. Regression analysis of individual yolk sac organochlorine residue concentrations, or 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TEQs), with individual basal plasma corticosterone concentrations indicated statistically significant inverse relationships for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs), total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), non-ortho PCBs, and TEQs. Similarly, inverse relationships were observed for the activities of two intermediary metabolic enzymes (phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and malic enzyme) when regressed against PCDDs/PCDFs. Overall, these data suggest that current levels of organochlorine contamination may be affecting the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis and associated intermediary metabolic pathways in environmentally exposed herring gull embryos in the Great Lakes. (+info)

Effects of dioxins on human health: a review. (2/575)

The toxicity of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) has been known since 1950s. TCDD is a by-product of herbicide 2,4-dichloroacetophenol (2,4-D) and 2,4,5-trichloroacetophenol (2,4,5-T), but it was first found in fryash of municipal incinerator in 1979 in Japan. In 1998, the survey of municipal incinerators revealed that 105 out of 1,641 produced above the allowed emission level of 80 ng TEQ/m3. Total annual release of dioxins is estimated to be about 5,000 g TEQ in 1997 in Japan. Japanese government started a comprehensive survey for dioxin levels in milk and blood of residents around incinerators, and their health effects. Human effects by dioxin exposures in Western countries were mostly acute and at high level in accidentally and/or occupationally. Health effects of low-dose and long lasting exposure has not been well understood. Certain amount of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) is accumulated in our body. Mother's milk is also contaminated by PCDD/PCDF. Health effects of the polychlorinated chemicals are summarized, and the necessity of regulations and recommendations for making a guideline is discussed in this review. (+info)

Cross-talk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia inducible factor signaling pathways. Demonstration of competition and compensation. (3/575)

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the alpha-class hypoxia inducible factors (HIF1alpha, HIF2alpha, and HIF3alpha) are basic helix-loop-helix PAS (bHLH-PAS) proteins that heterodimerize with ARNT. In response to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, the AHR. ARNT complex binds to "dioxin responsive enhancers" (DREs) and activates genes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, e.g. cytochrome P4501A1 (Cyp1a1). The HIF1alpha.ARNT complex binds to "hypoxia responsive enhancers" and activates the transcription of genes that regulate adaptation to low oxygen, e.g. erythropoietin (Epo). We postulated that activation of one pathway would inhibit the other due to competition for ARNT or other limiting cellular factors. Using pathway specific reporters in transient transfection assays, we observed that DRE driven transcription was markedly inhibited by hypoxia and that hypoxia responsive enhancer driven transcription was inhibited by AHR agonists. When we attempted to support this cross-talk model using endogenous loci, we observed that activation of the hypoxia pathway inhibited Cyp1a1 up-regulation, but that activation of the AHR actually enhanced the induction of Epo by hypoxia. To explain this unexpected additivity, we examined the Epo gene and found that its promoter harbors DREs immediately upstream of its transcriptional start site. These experiments outline conditions where inhibitory and additive cross-talk occur between the hypoxia and dioxin signal transduction pathways and identify Epo as an AHR-regulated gene. (+info)

Removal of dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from soils inoculated with Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (4/575)

Removal of dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (2-CDD) (10 ppm each) from soil microcosms to final concentrations in the parts-per-billion range was affected by the addition of Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. Rates and extents of removal were influenced by the density of RW1 organisms. For 2-CDD, the rate of removal was dependent on the content of soil organic matter (SOM), with half-life values ranging from 5.8 h (0% SOM) to 26.3 h (5.5% SOM). (+info)

Repression of dioxin signal transduction in fibroblasts. Identification Of a putative repressor associated with Arnt. (5/575)

Heterodimeric complexes of basic helix-loop-helix/PAS transcription factors are involved in regulation of diverse physiological phenomena such as circadian rhythms, reaction to low oxygen tension, and detoxification. In fibroblasts, the basic helix-loop-helix/PAS heterodimer consisting of the ligand-inducible dioxin receptor and Arnt shows DNA-binding activity, and the receptor and Arnt are able to activate transcription when fused to a heterologous DNA-binding domain. However, fibroblasts are nonresponsive to dioxin with regard to induction mediated by the DNA response element recognized by the receptor and Arnt. Here we demonstrate that Arnt is associated with a fibroblast-specific factor, forming a complex that is capable of binding the dioxin response element. This factor may function as a repressor since negative regulation of target gene induction appears to be abolished by inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by trichostatin A. Finally, the negative regulatory function of this factor appears to be restricted for dioxin signaling since Arnt was able to mediate, together with hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, transcriptional activation in hypoxic cells. Taken together, these data suggest that fibroblast-specific inhibition of dioxin responsiveness involves recruitment by Arnt of a cell type- and signaling pathway-specific corepressor associated with a histone deacetylase. (+info)

Aromatic hydrocarbon nuclear translocator as a common component for the hypoxia- and dioxin-induced gene expression. (6/575)

Aromatic hydrocarbon nuclear translocator (Arnt) is an ubiquitously expressed protein that contains basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) and Per-AhR-Arnt-Sim (PAS) motifs. Other bHLH-PAS proteins, hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and aromatic hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) mediate hypoxia- and dioxin-signal pathway, respectively. Arnt has been identified as a heterodimerization partner for AhR. AhR/Arnt heterodimer binds the regulatory region of xenobiotic-induced genes and activates their transcription. Here, in vivo results provide evidence that Arnt is involved in not only xenobiotic- but also hypoxia-induced transcriptional activation. In hypoxic condition, Arnt dimerizes with HIF-1alpha to make HIF-1alpha/Arnt heterodimer which is able to bind hypoxia-responsive DNA elements. The HIF-1alpha/Arnt heterodimer functions as a transactivator for hypoxia-inducible genes. Given that the expression of Arnt is limited, HIF-1alpha may compete with AhR for recruiting Arnt as a heteromeric partner. Consistent with this idea, the results indicate that the hypoxic activation of HIF-1alpha reduces dioxin-induced AhR's function on the dioxin-responsive reporter gene and the endogenous gene. (+info)

A functional 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (7/575)

The bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 is able to use dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and several hydroxylated derivatives as sole sources of carbon and energy. We have determined and analyzed the nucleic acid sequence of a 9,997-bp HindIII fragment downstream of cistrons dxnA1A2, which encode the dioxygenase component of the initial dioxygenase system of the corresponding catabolic pathways. This fragment contains 10 colinear open reading frames (ORFs), apparently organized in one compact operon. The enzymatic activities of some proteins encoded by these genes were analyzed in the strain RW1 and, after hyperexpression, in Escherichia coli. The first three ORFs of the locus, designated dxnC, ORF2, and fdx3, specify a protein with a low homology to bacterial siderophore receptors, a polypeptide representing no significant homology to known proteins, and a putative ferredoxin, respectively. dxnD encodes a 69-kDa phenol monooxygenase-like protein with activity for the turnover of 4-hydroxysalicylate, and dxnE codes for a 37-kDa protein whose sequence and activity are similar to those of known maleylacetate reductases. The following gene, dxnF, encodes a 33-kDa intradiol dioxygenase which efficiently cleaves hydroxyquinol, yielding maleylacetate, the ketoform of 3-hydroxy-cis,cis-muconate. The heteromeric protein encoded by dxnGH is a 3-oxoadipate succinyl coenzyme A (succinyl-CoA) transferase, whereas dxnI specifies a protein exhibiting marked homology to acetyl-CoA acetyltransferases (thiolases). The last ORF of the sequenced fragment codes for a putative transposase. DxnD, DxnF, DxnE, DxnGH, and DxnI (the activities of most of them have also been detected in strain RW1) thus form a complete 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway. A route for the mineralization of the growth substrates 3-hydroxydibenzofuran and 2-hydroxydibenzo-p-dioxin in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1 thus suggests itself. (+info)

Chlorella accelerates dioxin excretion in rats. (8/575)

We investigated the effects of Chlorella on fecal excretion of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) congeners and polychlorinated dibenzofuran (PCDF) congeners in Wistar rats administered the rice oil that caused Yusho disease, as a substitute for purified dioxin. The rats were fed 4 g of a control diet or a 10% Chlorella diet containing 0.2 mL of the rice oil once during the 5-d experimental period. The amounts of PCDD and PCDF congeners excreted in feces from d 1 to 5 in the group fed 10% Chlorella were 0.2-11.3 and 0.3-12.8 times greater (P < 0.05), respectively, than those of the control group. We then investigated the fecal excretion of PCDD and PCDF congeners from d 8 to 35 in rats administered 0.5 mL of the rice oil. Rats consumed the basal diet for 1 wk. After 1 wk, they consumed either the basal diet or the 10% Chorella diet. The fecal excretions of PCDD and PCDF congeners in the group fed 10% Chlorella were 0.3-3.4 and 0.5-2.5 times greater (most, P < 0.05), respectively, than those of the control group. Thus, the fecal excretions of PCDD and PCDF congeners were greater in rats fed Chlorella. These findings suggest that the administration of Chlorella may be useful in preventing gastrointestinal absorption and for promoting the excretion of dioxin already absorbed into tissues. Moreover, these findings suggest that Chlorella might be useful in the treatment of humans exposed to dioxin. (+info)

Dioxins are a group of toxic chemicals that are formed as byproducts of various industrial processes, such as the manufacture of pesticides, bleaching agents, and other chemicals. They are also found in the environment as a result of natural processes, such as forest fires and volcanic eruptions. In the medical field, dioxins are known to have a wide range of harmful effects on human health. Exposure to dioxins can cause a variety of symptoms, including skin rashes, respiratory problems, and damage to the liver, kidneys, and immune system. Long-term exposure to dioxins has also been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly of the liver, lungs, and breast. Dioxins are highly toxic and can accumulate in the body over time, leading to long-term health effects. As a result, exposure to dioxins is closely monitored by regulatory agencies, and efforts are made to reduce their production and use in industrial processes.

Benzofurans are a class of organic compounds that contain a six-membered aromatic ring with two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. They are often used as dyes, pigments, and intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds. In the medical field, benzofurans have been studied for their potential therapeutic properties, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-viral activities. Some benzofurans have been shown to have activity against specific types of cancer cells, and are being investigated as potential treatments for these diseases. Additionally, some benzofurans have been found to have anti-inflammatory effects, and may be useful in the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of synthetic organic compounds that were widely used in various industrial applications, including electrical equipment, insulation materials, and hydraulic fluids, until they were banned in many countries due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment. In the medical field, PCBs are known to have a range of adverse health effects, including cancer, reproductive disorders, and neurodevelopmental problems. Exposure to PCBs can occur through ingestion, inhalation, or skin contact, and can occur occupationally or through environmental exposure. PCBs are classified as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) because they are resistant to degradation and can accumulate in the environment and in the bodies of living organisms. As a result, they can have long-term health effects, even at low levels of exposure.

Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD) is a highly toxic and persistent organic pollutant that belongs to a class of compounds called polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs). It is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless chemical that is primarily produced as a byproduct of industrial processes, such as the manufacture of pesticides, dyes, and bleaches. In the medical field, TCDD is known to cause a range of adverse health effects, including cancer, reproductive disorders, immune system dysfunction, and neurotoxicity. It is also a known teratogen, meaning that it can cause birth defects in developing fetuses if pregnant women are exposed to high levels of the chemical. TCDD is classified as a Class I carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), which means that it is considered to be carcinogenic to humans based on sufficient evidence from studies in humans and animals. As a result, exposure to TCDD is strictly regulated by many countries, and efforts are being made to reduce its production and use to minimize human exposure.

Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon (AhR) are a type of protein receptors found in the cytoplasm of cells throughout the body. They are activated by a group of environmental pollutants called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are found in cigarette smoke, automobile exhaust, and other sources. Activation of AhR receptors can lead to a variety of biological responses, including changes in gene expression, immune system function, and metabolism. AhR receptors have been implicated in the development of a number of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease.

In the medical field, "body burden" refers to the amount of a particular substance or chemical that has accumulated in the body over time. This can include substances that have been ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. Body burden can be measured in terms of the amount of a substance present in the body, as well as its distribution within the body. For example, some substances may accumulate in certain organs or tissues more than others, which can have implications for their potential health effects. Body burden can be influenced by a variety of factors, including the amount and frequency of exposure to a substance, the duration of exposure, and individual differences in metabolism and elimination. It is important to monitor body burden for certain substances, particularly those that are known to be toxic or carcinogenic, in order to assess potential health risks and develop appropriate prevention and treatment strategies.

Chlorophenols are a group of organic compounds that contain a chloro group (-Cl) attached to a phenol group (-OH). They are commonly used as disinfectants, preservatives, and as intermediates in the production of other chemicals. In the medical field, chlorophenols have been used as antiseptics and disinfectants for wounds and surfaces. They have also been used as preservatives in medical devices and pharmaceuticals. However, some chlorophenols have been associated with adverse effects on human health, including skin irritation, respiratory problems, and liver damage. As a result, the use of chlorophenols in some medical applications has been limited or banned in some countries.

In the medical field, furans are a class of organic compounds that are characterized by a five-membered ring containing two oxygen atoms. They are often found as byproducts of various industrial processes, including the production of dyes, pesticides, and pharmaceuticals. Some furans have been identified as potential carcinogens, meaning they can cause cancer in humans. For example, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), which is a furan, is a highly toxic and persistent environmental pollutant that has been linked to a range of health problems, including cancer, reproductive disorders, and immune system dysfunction. In addition to their potential health risks, furans can also be found in certain foods, such as coffee and beer, and have been associated with certain types of cancer in humans. As a result, the levels of furans in food and the environment are closely monitored by regulatory agencies to ensure that they do not pose a risk to human health.

In the medical field, "Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated" refers to a group of organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen atoms, with one or more chlorine atoms replacing some of the hydrogen atoms. These compounds are commonly used as solvents, degreasers, and in the production of various chemicals and plastics. Some chlorinated hydrocarbons, such as trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE), have been linked to various health problems, including liver and kidney damage, cancer, and reproductive issues. Exposure to these compounds can occur through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, and can occur in the workplace or through contaminated water and soil. In recent years, there has been growing concern about the potential health effects of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and efforts have been made to reduce their use and exposure.

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 is an enzyme that plays a crucial role in the metabolism of various endogenous and exogenous compounds, including drugs, toxins, and hormones. It is a member of the cytochrome P450 family of enzymes, which are responsible for the oxidation of a wide range of substrates, including lipids, steroids, and xenobiotics. CYP1A1 is primarily expressed in the liver, lung, and extrahepatic tissues such as the gut, skin, and immune cells. It is induced by various environmental pollutants, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dioxins, as well as by certain drugs, such as the anticonvulsant phenobarbital. CYP1A1 is involved in the metabolism of many drugs, including the anti-cancer drug tamoxifen, the anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen, and the anti-hypertensive drug propranolol. It also plays a role in the metabolism of environmental pollutants, such as PAHs and dioxins, which can cause a range of toxic effects, including cancer and reproductive disorders. In addition to its role in drug metabolism and environmental toxicology, CYP1A1 has been implicated in the metabolism of hormones, such as estrogen and testosterone, and in the regulation of immune responses. It is also involved in the metabolism of certain vitamins and minerals, such as vitamin D and iron. Overall, CYP1A1 is a critical enzyme in the metabolism of a wide range of compounds, and its activity can have significant effects on human health and disease.

Epichlorohydrin is a colorless, flammable liquid with a sweet, fruity odor. It is a chemical compound that is produced by the reaction of chlorine with propylene. In the medical field, epichlorohydrin is used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is effective against a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Epichlorohydrin is also used as a preservative in some medical products, such as eye drops and nasal sprays. It is important to note that epichlorohydrin is a toxic substance and should be handled with care.

Anion exchange resins are a type of synthetic polymer that are used in various medical applications, including drug delivery, hemodialysis, and blood purification. These resins are designed to selectively bind and exchange anions (negatively charged ions) with other ions in solution. In drug delivery, anion exchange resins are used to modify the release rate of certain drugs from a delivery system. The drug is typically attached to the resin, and the release rate can be controlled by adjusting the pH or ionic strength of the surrounding solution. In hemodialysis and blood purification, anion exchange resins are used to remove excess ions, such as potassium and phosphate, from the blood. The resins selectively bind these ions and remove them from the blood, while allowing other important ions, such as sodium and chloride, to pass through. Overall, anion exchange resins are a valuable tool in the medical field for controlling the release of drugs and for removing excess ions from the body.

In the medical field, a chemical hazard release refers to the accidental or intentional release of hazardous chemicals that can pose a risk to human health and the environment. This can occur in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, research laboratories, and pharmaceutical manufacturing facilities. A chemical hazard release can result from a variety of factors, including equipment failure, human error, inadequate storage and handling procedures, and natural disasters such as earthquakes or floods. The release of hazardous chemicals can lead to exposure to harmful substances, which can cause a range of health effects, including respiratory problems, skin irritation, eye damage, and even death. To prevent chemical hazard releases, healthcare facilities and other organizations must follow strict safety protocols and guidelines for the handling, storage, and disposal of hazardous chemicals. This includes proper training of personnel, regular safety inspections, and the use of appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when handling hazardous materials. In the event of a chemical hazard release, it is essential to respond quickly and appropriately to minimize the risk to human health and the environment.

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) is a colorless to yellowish solid that is used as a wood preservative, disinfectant, and insecticide. It is a chlorinated aromatic compound that contains five chlorine atoms attached to a phenol ring. In the medical field, PCP has been used as an antiseptic and disinfectant for skin and wounds. However, it has also been associated with adverse health effects, including respiratory irritation, skin irritation, and liver damage. PCP has also been used as a recreational drug, but its use as a drug has been banned in many countries due to its potential for abuse and harmful effects on the brain and nervous system. In recent years, PCP has been found in some illegal drugs, such as Ecstasy and methamphetamine, which has led to increased concern about its potential for harm.

Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid (SFC) is a separation technique used in the medical field to separate and analyze complex mixtures of compounds. It is a type of chromatography that uses supercritical fluids as the mobile phase instead of traditional solvents. Supercritical fluids are liquids at temperatures and pressures above their critical point, which results in unique properties that make them useful in chromatography. They have a high density, low viscosity, and high solubility, which allows for efficient separation of compounds with a wide range of polarities. In SFC, the sample is dissolved in a supercritical fluid, which is then introduced into a column packed with a stationary phase. As the fluid flows through the column, the compounds in the sample interact with the stationary phase and are separated based on their chemical properties. The separated compounds are then detected and quantified using various analytical techniques. SFC is commonly used in the medical field for the analysis of complex mixtures of compounds, such as those found in biological samples, pharmaceuticals, and food products. It has several advantages over traditional chromatography techniques, including faster analysis times, higher resolution, and the ability to separate a wider range of compounds.

Look up dioxin in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Dioxin may refer to: 1,2-Dioxin or 1,4-Dioxin, two unsaturated heterocyclic ... That is the parent compound of the dioxins (see next in which the dioxins comprise a key part of the class) Dioxins and dioxin- ... "dioxin" 1,4-Dioxane, the saturated analog Agent Orange, of which TCDD is a component Digoxin Dioxin affair, a 1999 crisis in ... 4-dioxin, also known as dibenzodioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (molecular formula C12H8O2), in which two benzene rings are connected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxin

"Dioxin" can also refer to 1,4-dioxin or p-dioxin, the basic chemical unit of the more complex dioxins. This simple compound is ... "Dioxin Controversy - What are Dioxins?". herinst.org. Sharon Beder. 'The dioxin controversy: spilling over into schools', ... They include: Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), or simply dioxins. PCDDs are derivatives of dibenzo-p-dioxin. There ... Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins Polychlorinated dibenzofurans Polychlorinated biphenyls 1,4-dioxin Dioxins have different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxins_and_dioxin-like_compounds

... many of which form part of the group of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds which have toxic properties, in the birds' feed. ... which proved that several secretaries of state were informed much earlier that the food contained PCBs and dioxins. The Dioxin ... The Dioxin affair was a political crisis that struck in Belgium during the spring of 1999. Contamination of feedstock with ... The dioxin crisis strongly influenced the federal elections of 1999 (as well as the regional elections of 1999). The governing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxin_affair

Dioxins in general are able to bind to the AH receptor. This cell protein initiates effects of most of dioxin-like chemicals. ... The half-lives of Hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and octachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin were estimated to be 3.5 and 2 years, respectively ... a subclass of dioxins which includes 75 congeners. HpCDD is the dibenzo-p-dioxin which is chlorinated at positions 1, 2, 3, 4, ... is a polychlorinated derivative of dibenzo-p-dioxin and can therefore be categorized as polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

There is an isomeric form of 1,4-dioxin, 1,2-dioxin (or o-dioxin). 1,2-Dioxin is very unstable due to its peroxide-like ... 1,4-Dioxin (also referred as dioxin or p-dioxin) is a heterocyclic, organic, non-aromatic compound with the chemical formula ... The word "dioxin" can refer in a general way to compounds which have a dioxin core skeletal structure with substituent ... The term "dioxin" is most commonly used for a family of derivatives of dioxin, known as polychlorinated dibenzodioxins (PCDDs ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,4-Dioxin

EPA Dioxin Reassessment Report EPA Environmental Assessment: Dioxin Retrieved 2012-02-06. NAS abstract on Health Risks from ... This involved a 2003 review of the reassessment by the Interagency Working Group on Dioxin (Dioxin IWG), who recommended a ... The Dioxin Reassessment Report refers to the United States Environmental Protection Agency's scientific reassessment of the ... Dioxin and Related Compounds: Evaluation of the EPA Reassessment. (Articles needing additional references from March 2013, All ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxin_Reassessment_Report

It is an isomeric form of 1,4-dioxin (or p-dioxin). Due to its peroxide-like characteristics, 1,2-dioxin is very unstable and ... The isomers 1,2-dioxin (left) and 1,4-dioxin (right) Structure of the transient 1,4-diphenyl- 2,3-benzodioxin Dioxin (1) and ... Indeed, in 1990, 3,6-bis(p-tolyl)-1,2-dioxin was wrongly accounted as the first stable derivative. It was subsequently shown ... 1,2-Dioxin is a heterocyclic, organic, antiaromatic compound with the chemical formula C4H4O2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,2-Dioxin

The isomeric compound dibenzo-o-dioxin (dibenzo-ortho-dioxin) or dibenzo-1,2-dioxin, like the unstable 1,2-dioxin, has two ... Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, also dibenzodioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (dibenzo-para-dioxin), is a polycyclic heterocyclic organic compound ... ISBN 978-0-85404-182-4. Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin in the ChemIDplus database Wikimedia Commons has media related to dibenzo-p-dioxin ... The most harmful PCDD is 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin (TCDD). Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds is a category of pollutants ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin

... (AMESA) is an automatic system for continuous monitoring of emissions of ... and the contents are analysed to determine levels of dioxins and furans. Mayer J, Linnemann H, Becker E, Rentschler W, Jockel W ... dioxins and furans from industrial processes which require official approval in compliance with environmental regulations. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsorption_Method_for_Sampling_of_Dioxins_and_Furans

Sonia will prematurely die, killed by dioxin. Inochi No Chikyuu: Dioxin No Natsu at IMDb Inochi No Chikyuu: Dioxin No Natsu ( ... The Life on the Earth - The Summer of Dioxin (いのちの地球ダイオキシンの夏, Inochi no Chikyū - Daiokishin no Natsu), also known as Tracing ... dioxin. Thanks to Ando and Enrico's father, which is the Mayor of Seveso, they're able to reveal the truth to the inhabitants, ... and immediately most of Seveso is evacuated in order to save as much persons as possible from dioxin's deadly effects, but it's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inochi_No_Chikyuu:_Dioxin_No_Natsu

Lighter than Orange-The Legacy of Dioxin in Vietnam is a documentary by the Berlin filmmaker Matthias Leupold about the long- ... Lighter than Orange - Die Hinterlassenschaft von Dioxin in Vietnam In: Deutsche Welle, 26 November 2015. (Webarchive template ... a hot spot A place where the concentration of dioxin in the soil and waters is still particularly high today. Aesthetically, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lighter_than_Orange_–_The_Legacy_of_Dioxin_in_Vietnam

In addition, the transformation of TCS during manufacturing leads to the production of dioxins into aquatic habitats. Dioxins ... "Dioxins". National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences. Retrieved 2020-03-09. June 9, Jay Rawcliffe; Am, 2017 at 11:06 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_cleaning_products

Dioxins accumulate easily in the food chain. Dioxin enters the body by attaching to a protein called the aryl hydrocarbon ... "Hội Nạn nhân chất độc da cam/dioxin Việt Nam" [Vietnam Association for Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin]. vava.org.vn (in ... which contained traces of the dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). TCDD was a trace (typically 2-3 ppm, ranging ... The project studied dioxin (TCDD) levels in blood as well as in adipose tissue in a small group of Vietnam veterans who had ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agent_Orange

... so all people have some amount of dioxins in the body. Intrauterine exposure to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds have been ... Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds persists in the environment for a long time and are widespread, ... Facts about Dioxins. Archived 2019-02-02 at the Wayback Machine from Minnesota Department of Health. Updated October 2006 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxicants_and_fetal_development

jury rules for DuPont in $14m dioxin case". CNN. Retrieved August 22, 2008.[permanent dead link] "Jury Finds DuPont Dioxins Not ... more commonly known as dioxins. The article found flaws in the EPA studies and concluded that much higher levels of dioxins ... "Large amounts of dioxin, a toxic byproduct of hexachlorophene, had been accidentally mixed with motor oil and sprayed on roads ... DuPont's DeLisle plant is one of three titanium dioxide facilities produce the most dioxins in the United States, according to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChemRisk

Arnold Schecter, Thomas A. Gasiewicz (July 4, 2003). Dioxins and Health. pp. 145-160. Albert J. Mauroni (July 2003). Chemical ... and/or used Agent Orange during and decades after the 1948-1960 Malayan conflict suffered from serious exposure of dioxin. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_impact_of_war

... dioxins and dibenzofurans; formaldehyde; inorganic lead; mercury compounds; nickel; POM (including PAHs); and styrene. Gebel, T ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_exhaust

The impurity, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) was a suspected carcinogen that may have affected the health of over ... Arnold Schecter, Thomas A. Gasiewicz (4 July 2003). Dioxins and Health. pp. 145-160. Albert J. Mauroni (July 2003). Chemical ... the conflict suffered from serious exposure to dioxin, which also led to soil erosion in areas of Malaysia. Roughly 10,000 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicidal_warfare

They are considered as contributors to overall dioxin toxicity, and the term dioxins and dioxin-like compounds is often used ... The name Dioxin Affair was coined from early misdiagnosis of dioxins as the primary contaminants, when in fact they turned out ... PCBs that have dioxin-like activity are known to cause a variety of teratogenic effects in animals. Exposure to PCBs causes ... "Dioxins and PCBs". European Food Safety Authority. Retrieved 13 October 2015. Boas M, Feldt-Rasmussen U, Skakkebaek NE, Main KM ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polychlorinated_biphenyl

Food, particularly from animals, is the principal source of human exposure to dioxins. Dioxins were present in Agent Orange, ... Dioxins are typically emitted from the burning of hospital waste, municipal waste, and hazardous waste, along with automobile ... Dioxins have been associated with several adverse effects in humans, including immune and enzyme disorders, chloracne, and are ... Structurally similar to dioxins, the two compounds share toxic effects. Furans persist in the environment and classified as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_organic_pollutant

Public concern about dioxins was high, and production and use of other (non-herbicide) chemicals potentially containing TCDD ... Phenoxy herbicides are often contaminated with dioxins such as TCDD;[citation needed] research has suggested such contamination ... 1997). "Cancer mortality in workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides, chlorophenols, and dioxins. An expanded and updated ... Schecter, Arnold; Birnbaum, Linda; Ryan, John J.; Constable, John D. (2006). "Dioxins: An overview". Environmental Research. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbicide

Usually a mixture of dioxin-like compounds is produced, therefore a more thorough treatise is under dioxins and dioxin-like ... Tuomisto, Jouko (2019) Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds: toxicity in humans and animals, sources, and behaviour in the ... Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds Toxic Equivalency NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0594". National Institute for ... Because people are usually exposed simultaneously to several dioxin-like chemicals, a more detailed account is given at dioxins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

Environment: Environmental toxins (e.g., dioxin, nickel) may cause endometriosis. Toxins such as dioxins and dioxin-like ... A 2004 review of studies of dioxin and endometriosis concluded that "the human data supporting the dioxin-endometriosis ... doi:10.1016/S0002-9378(15)30003-X. Bruner-Tran KL, Yeaman GR, Crispens MA, Igarashi TM, Osteen KG (May 2008). "Dioxin may ... Guo SW (2004). "The link between exposure to dioxin and endometriosis: a critical reappraisal of primate data". Gynecologic and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endometriosis

Dioxins break down slowly. It still threatens public health at low levels. Since industry has mostly stopped producing dioxins ... They continued to burn 265,000 tons of dioxin-contaminated waste until 1997. Dioxins are a family of chemicals produced as a ... and dioxins. Dioxin was used as a waste oil in Times Beach, Missouri. Days after the chemicals were introduced to the community ... one of the largest contributors releasing harmful dioxins left in the United States is waste incineration. Dioxins have been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_waste

Dioxin • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons • Radioactive contamination • Volatile organic compounds Waste - Electronic waste • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_environmental_issues

When confronted by the CDC, Bliss stated that he did not know where the dioxin could have come from. Because dioxin was a by- ... Results revealed dioxin concentrations as high as 0.3 ppm along the town's entire network of roads. On December 23, 1982, the ... In the same document, however, the CDC reported that the half-life of dioxin was one year. Based on this estimate, which was ... Today, the half-life of dioxin is estimated to be seven to eleven years. The EPA did not become heavily involved with the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Beach,_Missouri

Dioxins Expolis Husman TM (1999). "The Health Protection Act, national guidelines for indoor air quality and development of the ... environmental health projects mostly funded by the European Commission added to international understanding of toxic dioxins in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Public_Health_Institute_of_Finland

PCP contains dioxins as contamination. Dioxins damage the human immune system. Thombare, Nandkishore; Jha, Usha; Mishra, Sumit ... "Dioxins and their effects on human health". 1 May 2010. Retrieved 8 February 2012. (All articles with bare URLs for citations, ... In July 2007, the European Commission issued a health warning to its member states after high levels of dioxins were detected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guar_gum

In 2008, a dioxin poisoning event caused the 2008 Irish pork crisis in which Irish pork was recalled worldwide. Four Big ... Chawla, Raghav (2005). "Dioxin poisoning". Student BMJ. 13: 45-88. Seki, Yoshihiko; Kawanishi, Shosuke; Sano, Seiyo (1987). " ... Polychloronated Dibenzo-p-dioxins, and Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans as Endocrine Disrupters-What We Have Learned from Yusho ... "Exploring Coverage of the 2008 Irish Dioxin Crisis in the Irish and UK Newsprint Media". Health Commun. 31 (10): 1235-41. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yushō_disease

"Dioxin Factsheet"; "Siyabona Theatre"; "The Word Becomes Cassette" by William Levy; "Tristam and Them" comic.(28pp) out of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kagenna_Magazine

Table of laboratory methods panels for Dioxins. Chemical. Specimen Type. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). CAS No. ... Biomonitoring Factsheet: Dioxins, Furans and Dioxin-Like Polychlorinated Biphenyls. National Report on Human Exposure to ... Predictors of serum dioxins and PCBs among peripubertal Russian boys. Burns JS, Williams PL, Sergeyev O, Korrick S, Lee MM, ... Serum dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls are associated with growth among Russian boys. Burns JS, Williams PL, Sergeyev O, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/nceh/dls/oatb_capacity_01.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxin

One chemical in this group, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or 2,3,7,8-TCDD, has been shown to be very toxic in animal ... Exposure to chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) (75 chemicals) occurs mainly from eating food that contains the chemicals. ... One chemical in this group, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin or 2,3,7,8-TCDD, has been shown to be very toxic in animal ... CDDs are a family of 75 chemically related compounds commonly known as chlorinated dioxins. One of these compounds is called 2, ...

https://wwwn.cdc.gov/tsp/ToxFAQs/ToxFAQsDetails.aspx?faqid=363&toxid=63

Dioxin, PCB, and POP testing from SGS - verify that seafood, pork products and other proteins are free from contamination. Find ... Failure to verify the absence of dioxins, PCBs and POPs, will result in product being seized, destroyed and/or recalled. All of ... Dioxin, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) and Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) testing from SGS - verify that seafood, pork ... Among many countries, the EU has strict regulations governing the presence of dioxins, PCBs and POPs in food and food products ...

https://www.sgs.com/en-au/services/dioxins-and-pcbs

... (SOR/92-267). Full Document: *HTMLFull Document: Pulp ... XMLFull Document: Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans Regulations [29 KB] , ... PDFFull Document: Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans Regulations [256 KB] ... Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans Regulations*1 - Short Title ...

https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/regulations/sor-92-267/index.html

Our new Dioxins and Furans testing laboratory offers the analysis of dioxins and furans, PCBs, and PAHs in stack emission ... Dioxins and Furans testing detect traces of dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) using highly sensitive, high- ... and Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 12). Ash samples are ISO 17025 accredited for Dioxins and Furans and PCB 12. In ... As a result, Dioxins and Furans, and PCB can be found in stack emissions, exhaust gases, smoke, air, ash, soils, and water. As ...

https://www.element.com/environmental-testing/dioxins-and-furans-testing

... said that it will require railroad company Norfolk Southern to test directly for dioxins in East Palestine, Ohio. The ... Dioxins may be found in any urban or rural environment as a result of common processes such as burning wood or coal. Dioxins ... "If dioxins are found at a level that poses any unacceptable risk to human health and the environment, EPA will direct the ... Home / News / US Company to Sample for Dioxins at Ohio Train Derailment Site ...

https://cubasi.cu/en/news/us-company-sample-dioxins-ohio-train-derailment-site?qt-masleidas_comentadas_noticias=2

A priority for the program was to improve our knowledge about dioxin levels in Australia. ... The Australian Government announced the four year National Dioxins Program in 2001 to reduce dioxins and dioxin-like substances ... Dioxins in Fauna in Australia. *Dioxins in Agricultural Commodities in Australia. Addendum to Technical Report No. 8 - Dioxins ... The Australian Government announced the four year National Dioxins Program in 2001 to reduce dioxins and dioxin-like substances ...

https://www.dcceew.gov.au/environment/protection/chemicals-management/dioxins

Non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are poorly characterised from a toxicological point of view, and to date ... Final Report Summary - ATHON (Assessing the Toxicity and Hazard of Non-dioxin-like PCBs present in food). The European ... Final Report - ATHON (Assessing the Toxicity and Hazard of Non-dioxin-like PCBs present in food) ... Assessing the Toxicity and Hazard of Non-dioxin-like PCBs present in food. ...

https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/22923/reporting

Planning a visit? Read more here.. Note: Reading Room Hours, M-F, 9 am - 3:45 pm. Some material may be stored offsite and require up to two business days for retrieval.. ...

https://dl.tufts.edu/concern/images/zc77sz15s

Should dioxins be found at a level that poses any substantial threat to residents and/or the environment, the EPA will direct ...

https://www.wfmj.com/story/48486609/epa-requiring-norfolk-southern-to-sample-for-dioxins-in-east-palestine

... of the Danang Airport due to high dioxin concentrations in soil and sediment remaining from the U.S.-Vietnam War. ...

https://www.usaid.gov/vietnam/fact-sheets/environmental-remediation-dioxin-contamination-danang-airport-project

The Dioxin Crisis as Experiment To Determine Poultry-Related Campylobacter Enteritis Akke Vellinga. and Frank Van Loock ... The Dioxin Crisis as Experiment To Determine Poultry-Related Campylobacter Enteritis. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/8/1/19-f1.htm

A Critical Review of the Epidemiology of Agent Orange or 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and Lymphoid Malignancies. Annals ... Ellen Chang published "A Critical Review of the Epidemiology of Agent Orange or 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin and ... Establishing a causal relationship between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and risk of specific lymphoid cancers, ...

https://www.exponent.com/article/critical-review-epidemiology-agent-orange-or-2378-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-and-lymphoid

The long-term objective of the project, costing a total 41 million USD, is to raise Vietnam s capacity in treating dioxin and ... The project marked is a joint plan between the Defence Ministry of Vietnam and the USAID to clean up dioxin contaminated soil ... Project launched to clean up dioxin at Da Nang airport. Thu, 08/09/2012 - 10:51 ... Da Nang airport was used by the US military to store and load barrels of herbicides containing Agent Orange/dioxin onto ...

https://vietnamembassy-usa.org/news/2012/08/project-launched-clean-dioxin-da-nang-airport

Results: Exposure to dioxins, dioxins + Dioxin-Like-PCBs, Dioxin-Like-PCBs (DL-PCBs), and Non-Dioxin-Like-PCBs (NDL-PCBs) ... Results: Exposure to dioxins, dioxins + Dioxin-Like-PCBs, Dioxin-Like-PCBs (DL-PCBs), and Non-Dioxin-Like-PCBs (NDL-PCBs) ... HRdioxins = 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02), HRdioxins+DL-PCB = 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03), HRDL-PCB = 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03), and HRNDL-PCB = 1.01 ( ... dioxins,/sub, = 1.00 (0.98 to 1.02), HR,sub,dioxins+DL-PCB,/sub, = 1.01 (0.98 to 1.03), HR,sub,DL-PCB,/sub, = 1.01 (0.98 to ...

https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/aba17169-6edf-46f1-8df6-a1d7ce315621

You need to be signed in to access email alerts. If you have an account log in with your user name and password. If you dont have an account you can just enter your email address in the email box below ...

https://jech.bmj.com/content/53/12/744.alerts

Many biological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) are mediated by a soluble intracellular protein, ... In vitro transformation of the human Ah receptor and its binding to a dioxin response element.. P A Harper, J V Giannone, A B ... In vitro transformation of the human Ah receptor and its binding to a dioxin response element.. P A Harper, J V Giannone, A B ... In vitro transformation of the human Ah receptor and its binding to a dioxin response element.. P A Harper, J V Giannone, A B ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/42/4/603

... dioxin-6-yl)indolin-2-one , C16H13NO4 , CID 46941594 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/46941594

BDBM50263774 (S)-N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmethyl)-[1,4]diazepan-1-yl]-ethyl}-2-phenoxy-nicotinamide:: ... BDBM50263774((S)-N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmeth...). Copy SMILES. Copy InChI. ... BDBM50263774((S)-N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmeth...). Copy SMILES. Copy InChI. ... BDBM50263774((S)-N-{2-[4-(2,3-dihydro-benzo[1,4]dioxin-2-ylmeth...). Copy SMILES. Copy InChI. ...

https://www.bindingdb.org/rwd/bind/chemsearch/marvin/MolStructure.jsp?monomerid=50263774&tag=rep&fil=ki&submit=summary

10, 2012 - The poisonous chemical dioxin has been found at higher-than-permitted levels in eggs from a German farm, following ... Dioxin found in German eggs By Reuters July 10, 2012. Features Farmer Health/Safety Health Biosecurity Global Poultry ... The previous dioxin discoveries were in eggs at farms in Lower Saxony and the neighboring state of North Rhine Westphalia. The ... The dioxin was discovered by the farms own safety checks, and the eggs are being recalled, it said. ...

https://www.canadianpoultrymag.com/dioxin-found-in-german-eggs-11672/

Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc on August 7 spoke highly of the Vietnam Association of Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin (VAVA)s ... PM lauds AO/Dioxin victim associations efforts. Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc on August 7 spoke highly of the Vietnam ... Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc Vietnam Association of Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin US Government human health fourth- ... RoKs dioxin detoxification method to be expanded in Thua Thien-Hue Thursday, March 01, 2018 11:34. ...

https://en.vietnamplus.vn/pm-lauds-aodioxin-victim-associations-efforts/136027.vnp

APCs mercury, dioxins-furans, and HAPs control systems operating at SSIs collectively have over 30 system-operating years - ... One SSI in the eastern U.S. - using APCs air pollution control equipment for mercury emissions control, dioxins & furans ... APCs equipment was guaranteed to meet, and successfully met, the LLLL emission limits for mercury and dioxins & furans coming ... This mercury control system and dioxins-furans emission control system, along with all of APCs other similar systems operating ...

https://www.apctechnologies.net/blog/apc-system-meets-stringent-subpart-llll-mercury-and-dioxins-furans-emission-limits-at-sewage-sludge-incinerator-ssi-in-eastern-u-s/

https://sph.hku.hk/en/News-And-Events/Press-Releases/2003/Dioxin-Levels-In-Humans-In-Hong-Kong

Dioxins make their way up the food chain and expose humans through contaminated soils, sediments and food. Many dioxins are ... Dioxins are often first introduced to our food supply in animal feed. Many countries monitor food for dioxins and are able to ... Dioxins can enter the environment from natural sources such as volcano eruptions and forest fires. They can also be released ... Dioxins are a family of chemically and structurally related compounds. They are environmental pollutants that are also very ...

https://envirn.org/hazards/dioxins-2/

"Occupational exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, and in particular 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1746016) (2, ... 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1746016) (TCDD) or hexachlorodibenzo-p-dioxins (HxCDD). Sodium- 2,4,5-trichlorophenate (Na-2,4,5 ... 1984). NIOSH dioxin registry site visit report of Rhone-Poulenc, Inc., Portland, Oregon. Fingerhut, Marilyn A. and Blade, Leo M ... 1989). Dioxin registry report of Monsanto Company, Nitro, West Virginia. Marlow, David A. and Fingerhut, Marilyn A. and ...

https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/120072

... an off-specification 245T containing extremely elevated levels of dioxin. ...

https://virtualnation.tripod.com/derbydioxin/index.html

PCBS AND DIOXINS. November 1st, 2001 BY KEITH NUTHALLA LONG-TERM strategy to reduce the amount of PCBs and dioxins in food and ...

https://www.internationalnewsservices.com/archive/pcbs-and-dioxins

Previous work in nonhuman primates has shown that exposure to the dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is ... Herein we review evidence that dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are potent modulators of immune and endocrine function critical ... Further animal experiments have implicated dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in this disease. Rodent studies support the ... Furthermore, perspectives on the potential mechanism(s) of dioxin and dioxin-like compound-induced toxicity in endometriosis, ...

https://experts.mcmaster.ca/display/publication1535049

Among many countries, the EU has strict regulations governing the presence of dioxins, PCBs and POPs in food and food products. (sgs.com)
Failure to verify the absence of dioxins, PCBs and POPs, will result in product being seized, destroyed and/or recalled. (sgs.com)
Non-dioxin-like (NDL) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are poorly characterised from a toxicological point of view, and to date, no health based guidance values for human exposure have been established. (europa.eu)
Background: Dioxins and polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic pollutants that have demonstrated endocrine disrupting properties. (lu.se)
Methods: Associations between dietary intake of 17 dioxins and 35 PCBs and breast cancer were evaluated in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort from nine European countries using multivariable Cox regressions. (lu.se)
Dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs was assessed combining EPIC food consumption data with food contamination data provided by the European Food Safety Authority. (lu.se)
Results remained unchanged when analyzing intakes as quintile groups, as well as when analyses were run separately per country, or separating breast cancer cases based on estrogen receptor status or after further adjustments on main contributing food groups to PCBs and dioxins intake and nutritional factors. (lu.se)
Conclusions: This large European prospective study does not support the hypothesis of an association between dietary intake of dioxins and PCBs and breast cancer risk. (lu.se)
They included levels of dioxins, PCDFs and PCBs in human milk gathered under the SCOOP/EU/RIVM project. (who.int)
The concentrations of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs were converted to WHO-TEQs relative to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), based on toxic equivalency factors as recommended by WHO (31). (who.int)
The main contaminants of concern are dioxins, organochlorine pesticides, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). (cdc.gov)

Dioxin, Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) and Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) testing from SGS - verify that seafood, pork products and other proteins are free from contamination. (sgs.com)
The UK Element Deeside laboratory is accredited to ISO 17025 and the MCERTS standard for the analysis of stack emission samples for Dioxins, Furans, and Dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB 12). (element.com)

Our High-Resolution Mass Spectroscopy (HRGC-MS) laboratory offers Dioxins and Furans testing, and Poly-Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) testing for analysis of stack emissions, ash, soils, and water samples. (element.com)
As highly persistent substances, Dioxins and Furans can also accumulate in many foods, including livestock, and subsequently within the human body. (element.com)
Dioxins and Furans are highly hazardous substances and their release into the atmosphere and presence on land and in water are highly regulated. (element.com)
Ash samples are ISO 17025 accredited for Dioxins and Furans and PCB 12. (element.com)
In addition, our experienced experts offer analysis of Dioxins and Furans on water and soil samples. (element.com)
Analyzing samples for Dioxins and Furans requires highly-trained analysts and specialized equipment. (element.com)
For more information about our Dioxins and Furans testing services or to request a quotation, contact us today. (element.com)
APC System Meets Stringent Subpart LLLL Mercury and Dioxins-Furans Emission Limits at Sewage Sludge Incinerator (SSI) in Eastern U.S. (apctechnologies.net)
One SSI in the eastern U.S. - using APC's air pollution control equipment for mercury emissions control, dioxins & furans emissions control, and particulate matter (PM) emissions control - in 2021 became one of the few such 'new' incinerators in the U.S. to comply with the more stringent Subpart LLLL emission limits. (apctechnologies.net)
APC's equipment was guaranteed to meet, and successfully met, the LLLL emission limits for mercury and dioxins & furans coming from the SSI. (apctechnologies.net)
This mercury control system and dioxins-furans emission control system, along with all of APC's other similar systems operating on other SSIs, has a flawless safety and reliability record, provides low operating costs, and requires little maintenance. (apctechnologies.net)
PC's standard air pollution control system offering for SSIs is an activated carbon system, which is long established as the technology of choice where high removal efficiency (i.e., 99%) is needed for mercury removal and dioxins-furans removal. (apctechnologies.net)
APC's mercury, dioxins-furans, and HAPs control systems operating at SSIs collectively have over 30 system-operating years - with a fully safe and high reliability record. (apctechnologies.net)

In a recent crisis, more than 1500 farms in Europe received dioxin-contaminated feed from a single source over a 2-week period and food produced from animals fed on this contaminated fodder found its way onto every continent within weeks. (who.int)
Europe received dioxin-contaminated feed mandate apropos food standards. (who.int)

Dioxin may refer to: 1,2-Dioxin or 1,4-Dioxin, two unsaturated heterocyclic 6-membered rings in which two carbon atoms have been replaced by oxygen atoms, which gives the molecular formula C4H4O2 Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin, also known as dibenzodioxin or dibenzo-p-dioxin (molecular formula C12H8O2), in which two benzene rings are connected through two oxygen atoms. (wikipedia.org)
condensation of a polychlorophenol and direct halogenation of the parent dibenzo- p -dioxin or a monochloro-derivative. (cdc.gov)

Exposure to chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) (75 chemicals) occurs mainly from eating food that contains the chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Environmental controls in the United States have significantly reduced the introduction of new industrial-based exposure pathways to dioxins, but there is still work to do in mitigating sources and the health effects of exposure. (envirn.org)
Previous work in nonhuman primates has shown that exposure to the dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is associated with an increased prevalence and severity of endometriosis. (mcmaster.ca)
The association between occupational exposure to 2,3,7,8- tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (1746016) (TCDD) contaminated chemicals and porphyria cutanea tarda, uroporphyrinuria, and coproporphyrinuria was examined in 281 former chemical workers. (cdc.gov)
11. Maurin JC, Bleicher F, Magloire H. Clinical consequences of dioxins exposure during tooth development. (bvsalud.org)

CDDs are a family of 75 chemically related compounds commonly known as chlorinated dioxins. (cdc.gov)

In 1990s, countries began working on the development of the Stockholm Convention to reduce Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), including dioxins. (dcceew.gov.au)

Dioxins are a family of chemically and structurally related compounds. (envirn.org)
Further animal experiments have implicated dioxin and dioxin-like compounds in this disease. (mcmaster.ca)
Herein we review evidence that dioxin and dioxin-like compounds are potent modulators of immune and endocrine function critical to the pathobiology of endometriosis. (mcmaster.ca)

Furthermore, perspectives on the potential mechanism(s) of dioxin and dioxin-like compound-induced toxicity in endometriosis, important knowledge needs, potential animal models for endometriosis studies, and considerations integral to future human case-control studies are discussed. (mcmaster.ca)

The Australian Government announced the four year National Dioxins Program in 2001 to reduce dioxins and dioxin-like substances in the environment. (dcceew.gov.au)
The Australian Government undertook a range of studies from 2001 to 2004, to measure emissions from sources such as bushfires, and dioxin levels in the environment, food and population. (dcceew.gov.au)
A paper outlining options for a national dioxins program was considered at public workshops held in Sydney, Adelaide, Melbourne and Brisbane in March and April 2001. (dcceew.gov.au)

The standard turnaround for Dioxin and Furan testing is 7-10 working days. (element.com)

To date, EPA's monitoring for indicator chemicals has suggested a low probability for release of dioxin from this incident. (cubasi.cu)
EWG found cancer-causing dioxin and related chemicals in the blood of every American it tested, including cord blood from 20 newborns that came into the world "pre-polluted. (ewg.org)
Today, fish and blue crab in the river area are contaminated with dioxins and other chemicals. (cdc.gov)

On Thursday, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) said that it will require railroad company Norfolk Southern to test directly for dioxins in East Palestine, Ohio. (cubasi.cu)
If dioxins are found at a level that poses any unacceptable risk to human health and the environment, EPA will direct the immediate cleanup of the area as needed," the agency said, adding that it will require Norfolk Southern to conduct a background study to compare any dioxin levels around East Palestine to dioxin levels in other areas not impacted by the train derailment. (cubasi.cu)

Establishing a causal relationship between 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and risk of specific lymphoid cancers, including non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), and multiple myeloma (MM), would be useful for risk assessment. (exponent.com)
Many biological effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD, dioxin) are mediated by a soluble intracellular protein, the Ah receptor (AhR). (aspetjournals.org)

Addressing the launching ceremony, Deputy Defence Minister Senior Lieutenant General Nguyen Chi Vinh said together with Bien Hoa and Phu Cat airports, Da Nang airport was used by the US military to store and load barrels of herbicides containing Agent Orange/dioxin onto helicopters to spray over Vietnamese forests and land during the war and became a "hotspot" of dioxin contamination. (vietnamembassy-usa.org)

10, 2012 - The poisonous chemical dioxin has been found at higher-than-permitted levels in eggs from a German farm, following similar discoveries at seven other farms since April, authorities said. (canadianpoultrymag.com)
We believe that the chemical used was not standard production 245T as the Western Australia(WA) government wish the public to believe, but in fact highly TOXIC WASTE, being an off-specification 245T containing extremely elevated levels of dioxin. (tripod.com)
The chemical scythe : lessons of 2, 4, 5-T and dioxin / Alastair Hay. (who.int)

The long-term objective of the project, costing a total 41 million USD, is to raise Vietnam 's capacity in treating dioxin and hardly-disintegrated organic pollutants at the contaminated airport and other sites. (vietnamembassy-usa.org)

Serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins among ceramicists. (bvsalud.org)

Dioxin in feed and food: is public health running behind? (bmj.com)
Dioxins are often first introduced to our food supply in animal feed. (envirn.org)
Many countries monitor food for dioxins and are able to prevent widespread harm. (envirn.org)
BY KEITH NUTHALLA LONG-TERM strategy to reduce the amount of PCB's and dioxins in food and animal feed has been published by the European Commission. (internationalnewsservices.com)

Agree to benchmark levels for dioxins emissions. (dcceew.gov.au)

For Stack Emission Sampling , Element Deeside provides prepared and spiked XAD-2 resin traps, GFA filters, and glass bottles that comply with sampling to BS EN 1948. (element.com)
Develop a comprehensive emission inventory for the major sources of dioxins based upon Australian test data. (dcceew.gov.au)
Prioritise the sources of dioxins emission for action. (dcceew.gov.au)

Vietnam and the US jointly launched a project at Da Nang airport in the central Da Nang city on August 9 to clean up Agent Orange/dioxin in the area. (vietnamembassy-usa.org)
Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc on August 7 spoke highly of the Vietnam Association of Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin (VAVA)'s efforts in recent years to protect the rights of the victims and raise fund for them. (vietnamplus.vn)
Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc and representatives of the Vietnam Association of Victims of Agent Orange/Dioxin . (vietnamplus.vn)
US-Vietnam Scientific Conference on Human Health and Environmental Effects of Agent Orange/Dioxins (invited speaker), Hanoi. (bvsalud.org)

A priority for the program was to improve our knowledge about dioxin levels in Australia. (dcceew.gov.au)
Measures to ensure that levels remain low, and where feasible are eliminated, are outlined in the National Action Plan for Addressing Dioxins in Australia . (dcceew.gov.au)
Because of a range of actions taken by governments and industry over the past decade or so, Australia's dioxin levels are generally low, as are the risks to human health and the environment. (dcceew.gov.au)

It was estimated that about 4.8 million Vietnamese people were exposed to AO/Dioxin and there have been fourth-generation victims, many of who have to struggle every day to make ends meet. (vietnamplus.vn)

The previous dioxin discoveries were in eggs at farms in Lower Saxony and the neighboring state of North Rhine Westphalia. (canadianpoultrymag.com)
In January 2011, German officials said animal feed tainted with dioxin had been fed to hens and pigs, contaminating eggs, poultry meat and pork at affected farms, triggering a European Union-wide health alert. (canadianpoultrymag.com)

Dioxins may be found in any urban or rural environment as a result of common processes such as burning wood or coal. (cubasi.cu)

Many dioxins are spread through consumption of animal products. (envirn.org)

According to the World Health Organization, uncontrolled waste incinerators are often the most prominent source of dioxin release due to incomplete burning of solid and hospital waste. (envirn.org)

Dioxins break down slowly in the environment so the source of dioxins found in any area may be uncertain, it noted. (cubasi.cu)

The project marked is a joint plan between the Defence Ministry of Vietnam and the USAID to clean up dioxin contaminated soil and sediment at the airport, left from the Vietnam war, he said, adding that the experts will create a safe and clean environment for residents of the area. (vietnamembassy-usa.org)

At its 12th meeting on 29 October 2005, this plan was endorsed by the then Environment Protection and Heritage Council as the guiding document for addressing dioxins in Australia as required under Article 5 of the Stockholm Convention. (dcceew.gov.au)
The findings of these studies were used to determine the risk dioxins pose to our health and the environment. (dcceew.gov.au)
Dioxins can enter the environment from natural sources such as volcano eruptions and forest fires. (envirn.org)
Dioxins in the environment / edited by Michael A. Kamrin, Paul W. Rodgers. (who.int)
Polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. (who.int)

Rinh, for his part, thanked the Party, State and Government for the support given to the AO/Dioxin victims over the past years. (vietnamplus.vn)
Once they enter the human body, dioxins are stored in fat and stay in the body for years. (envirn.org)

Addendum to Technical Report No. 8 - Dioxins in Agricultural Commodities in Australia - Summary of tuna dioxin and dioxin-like PCB testing . (dcceew.gov.au)
Title : Dioxin registry report of Monsanto Company, Nitro, West Virginia Personal Author(s) : Marlow, David A.;Fingerhut, Marilyn A.;Piacitelli, Laurie A. (cdc.gov)

The service said there was no acute danger to public health, because dioxin is dangerous only if consumed over long periods. (canadianpoultrymag.com)

Contact your local SGS office to find out how dioxin and PCB testing and analysis can support your business. (sgs.com)

Biological mechanisms of dioxin action / edited by Alan Poland, Renate D. Kimbrough. (who.int)

Anatomy1

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment4

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Health Care11

Geographicals2

Relationships between environmental organochlorine contaminant residues, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in Great Lakes herring gull embryos. (1/575)

Effects of dioxins on human health: a review. (2/575)

Cross-talk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia inducible factor signaling pathways. Demonstration of competition and compensation. (3/575)

Removal of dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from soils inoculated with Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (4/575)

Repression of dioxin signal transduction in fibroblasts. Identification Of a putative repressor associated with Arnt. (5/575)

Aromatic hydrocarbon nuclear translocator as a common component for the hypoxia- and dioxin-induced gene expression. (6/575)

A functional 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (7/575)

Chlorella accelerates dioxin excretion in rats. (8/575)

Dioxins

Benzofurans

Polychlorinated Biphenyls

Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

Incineration

Environmental Pollutants

Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon

Food Contamination

Environmental Exposure

Refuse Disposal

Body Burden

Chlorophenols

Soil Pollutants

Tampons, Surgical

Furans

Environmental Monitoring

Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated

Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1

Drug Residues

Water Pollutants, Chemical

Poultry Products

Epichlorohydrin

Anion Exchange Resins

Milk, Human

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Chemical Hazard Release

Pesticide Residues

Maximum Allowable Concentration

Russia

Maternal Exposure

Pentachlorophenol

Michigan

Herbicides

Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid

Relationships between environmental organochlorine contaminant residues, plasma corticosterone concentrations, and intermediary metabolic enzyme activities in Great Lakes herring gull embryos. (1/575)

Effects of dioxins on human health: a review. (2/575)

Cross-talk between the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and hypoxia inducible factor signaling pathways. Demonstration of competition and compensation. (3/575)

Removal of dibenzofuran, dibenzo-p-dioxin, and 2-chlorodibenzo-p-dioxin from soils inoculated with Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (4/575)

Repression of dioxin signal transduction in fibroblasts. Identification Of a putative repressor associated with Arnt. (5/575)

Aromatic hydrocarbon nuclear translocator as a common component for the hypoxia- and dioxin-induced gene expression. (6/575)

A functional 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in Sphingomonas sp. strain RW1. (7/575)

Chlorella accelerates dioxin excretion in rats. (8/575)

Dioxin

Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds

Dioxin affair

Heptachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin

1,4-Dioxin

Dioxin Reassessment Report

1,2-Dioxin

Dibenzo-1,4-dioxin

Adsorption Method for Sampling of Dioxins and Furans

Inochi No Chikyuu: Dioxin No Natsu

Lighter than Orange - The Legacy of Dioxin in Vietnam

Environmental impact of cleaning products

Agent Orange

Environmental toxicants and fetal development

ChemRisk

Environmental impact of war

Diesel exhaust

Herbicidal warfare

Polychlorinated biphenyl

Persistent organic pollutant

Herbicide

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin

Endometriosis

Construction waste

List of environmental issues

Times Beach, Missouri

National Public Health Institute of Finland

Guar gum

Yushō disease

Kagenna Magazine

Dioxins Laboratory Capacity | CDC

Dioxin - Wikipedia

Chlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins (CDDs) | ToxFAQs™ | ATSDR

Dioxins & PCBs | SGS Australia

Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent Chlorinated Dioxins and Furans Regulations

Dioxins and Furans Testing | Element

US Company to Sample for Dioxins at Ohio Train Derailment Site | Cuba Si

National Dioxins Program - DCCEEW