An ester of phthalic acid. It appears as a light-colored, odorless liquid and is used as a plasticizer for many resins and elastomers.
Materials incorporated mechanically in plastics (usually PVC) to increase flexibility, workability or distensibility; due to the non-chemical inclusion, plasticizers leach out from the plastic and are found in body fluids and the general environment.
A group of compounds that has the general structure of a dicarboxylic acid-substituted benzene ring. The ortho-isomer is used in dye manufacture. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A plasticizer used in most plastics and found in water, air, soil, plants and animals. It may have some adverse effects with long-term exposure.

Recent progress in safety evaluation studies on plasticizers and plastics and their controlled use in Japan. (1/320)

Recent experimental studies in Japan on the evaluation of potential health hazards from phthalate esters used in manufacturing poly (vinyl chloride) as well as several plastics for medical devices and for food containers and packages were introduced. Development of pulmonary granuloma formation after intravenous injection of diethylhexyl phthalate was assumed to be dependent on the particle size of the phthalate in vehicle used. Dietary administration of large amount of diethylhexyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate produced renal cysts in mothers and in descendants in reproduction studies in mice. Cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the phthalates and several plastics and resins were also examined by in vivo and in vitro studies. Hematological parameters examined in rabbits after repeated intravenous injection of diethylhexyl phthalate and after implantation of plastics in aorta for 3--6 months did not show any significant change. A slow decrease of radioactivity was observed in adipose tissue of rats following oral administration of 14C-labeled diethylhexyl phthalate. tthe administrative action on phthalates by the Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare is briefly reviewed.  (+info)

The effect of peroxisome proliferators on mitochondrial bioenergetics. (2/320)

Peroxisome proliferators are a group of structurally diverse chemicals that cause the proliferation of peroxisomes in rodents. The purpose of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that the shared effect of these compounds on peroxisome proliferation is mediated through a common inhibitory effect on mitochondrial bioenergetics. Freshly isolated rat liver mitochondria were energized with succinate. The effect of the chemicals on mitochondrial bioenergetics was analyzed by monitoring calcium-induced changes in membrane potential and swelling, as well as changes in mitochondrial respiration. Mitochondrial membrane potential was measured with a TPP(+)-sensitive electrode, and swelling was recorded spectrophotometrically. Mitochondrial oxygen uptake was monitored with a Clark-type oxygen electrode. Gemfibrozil and WY-14,643 induced the mitochondrial permeability transition as characterized by calcium-induced swelling and depolarization of membrane potential, both of which were inhibited by cyclosporine A. Fenofibrate, clofibrate, ciprofibrate and diethylhexyl phthalate, on the other hand, caused a direct dose-dependent depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. However, the mechanism of membrane depolarization varied among the test chemicals. Bezafibrate and trichloroethylene elicited no effect on succinate-supported mitochondrial bioenergetics. The results of this investigation demonstrate that although most, but not all, peroxisome proliferators interfere with mitochondrial bioenergetics, the specific biomolecular mechanism differs among the individual compounds.  (+info)

Hepatic hyperplasia and cancer in rats: alterations in copper metabolism. (3/320)

We previously demonstrated that rats exposed to the peroxisome proliferator (PP) diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) had reduced serum ceruloplasmin (CP) oxidase activity, which suggests tissue copper deposition. Copper is highly toxic in excess, and results in cellular damage and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). This study addresses changes in expression of copper-related genes and metal accumulation in hyperplastic liver and tumors induced by PP. Male rats were fed diets containing DEHP or clofibrate (CLF) for 3-60 days (hyperplasia) and 4-chloro-6-(2,3 xylidino)-2-pyrimidinyl-thio(N-beta-hydroxyethyl) acetamide for 10 months (HCC). During hyperplasia, an immediate and progressive decrease in serum CP activity was observed (P < 0.05), as were reductions in mRNA levels for both CP and Wilson's disease gene (WD gene, a P-type ATPase) (P < 0.05). Tumor-bearing rats had lower serum CP activity (P < 0.05), and CP and WD gene mRNA levels were reduced in tumors (P < 0.05), and in liver surrounding tumors (SL) (P < 0.05). Metallothionein mRNA showed no consistent changes during hyperplasia. Tumors showed a 2.5-fold induction of metallothionein mRNA (P < 0.05), and a 1.2-fold increase in SL. Temporal increases in liver copper content occurred during hyperplasia, with increases of 2-fold (DEHP) and 3.3-fold (CLF) at 60 days (P < 0.05). Copper content was 2.2-fold higher in tumors (P < 0.05) and 1.7-fold higher in SL; iron did not increase and zinc decreased temporally. Thus, copper accumulation and changes in copper-related gene expression may be contributing factors in liver neoplasia in PP-treated rats. Loss of CP results in decreased free radical scavenger capacity and thus may enhance oxidative damage induced by PPs.  (+info)

Chronic peroxisome proliferation and hepatomegaly associated with the hepatocellular tumorigenesis of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and the effects of recovery. (4/320)

This study compared the levels of cell proliferation and peroxisome proliferation in rodent liver with tumor incidence, to provide more information on the relationship between these events following chronic exposure. Fischer 344 rats were treated with 0, 100, 500, 2500, or 12,500 ppm DEHP, and B6C3F1 mice were treated with 0, 100, 500, 1500, or 6000 ppm DEHP in the diet for up to 104 weeks. Additional groups of rats and mice received the highest concentration for 78 weeks and then the control diet for an additional 26 weeks (recovery groups). Animals were terminated at weeks 79 and 105 for histopathologic examination. Elevated palmitoyl CoA oxidation activity and higher liver-to-body weight ratios were observed for the 2500- and 12,500-ppm groups of rats, and for the 500-, 1500-, and 6000-ppm groups of mice at Week 105. No increase in palmitoyl CoA oxidation activity was evident in the recovery group, and relative liver weights were near control levels following recovery. No hepatic cell proliferation was detected at Weeks 79 or 105 in either species although preliminary data indicated that cell proliferation did occur within the first 13 weeks of exposure. A significantly higher incidence of hepatocellular tumors was only observed for the 2500- and 12,500-ppm group and its recovery group of rats, and for the 500-, 1500-, and 6000-ppm groups and the recovery group of mice. The tumor incidences were reduced for the recovery groups compared with the groups fed DEHP continuously for 104 weeks. The data indicate that high levels of peroxisome proliferation and hepatomegaly are associated with DEHP hepatocarcinogenesis in rodent liver, and that the tumorigenic process may be arrested by cessation of DEHP treatment, suggesting that extended treatment with DEHP acts to promote tumor growth.  (+info)

Quantitative analysis of the lobular distribution of S-phase in rat liver following dietary administration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. (5/320)

A simple image-analysis method is described, whereby the distribution of hepatocytes that have entered S-phase, as distinguished by the incorporation of bromodeoxyuridine, can be related to the position of the central and portal veins of the hepatic lobule. Hepatocyte S-phase was induced in the livers of male and female F344 rats by administration of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in the diet for 7 days at 2 dose levels, and these livers were used to develop the procedure. The distributions of the S-phase between control and DEHP-treated livers were compared using statistical techniques. The results showed notable differences in the distribution of S-phase between male and female rats as well as limited dose-related effects.  (+info)

Influence of plasticizer-free CAPD bags and tubings on serum, urine, and dialysate levels of phthalic acid esters in CAPD patients. (6/320)

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the impact of a plasticizer-free device on exposure to di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and its major metabolites in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). DEHP is the most commonly used plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products; it is added to CAPD bags in order to improve the flexibility of the material. Since DEHP leaches out of the plastic matrix, patients on CAPD are exposed to considerable amounts of DEHP and its metabolites. DESIGN: A prospective cross-over study. SETTING: Department of nephrology in a teaching hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Six patients (4 female, 2 male) stable on peritoneal dialysis (PD) for at least 6 months. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were switched from a plasticizer-containing PVC CAPD system (A.N.D.Y. Plus, Fresenius Medical Care, Bad Homburg, Germany) to a polyolefine-made plasticizer-free system (stay-safe, Fresenius). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prior to and 42 days after the switch, 24-hour effluent dialysate and urine collections were performed and 10 mL blood was drawn. Concentrations of DEHP, mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), phthalic acid (PA), and 2-ethylhexanol (2-EH) in urine, dialysate, and serum were determined using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Complete data were obtained from 5 patients. Serum levels of PA decreased significantly during the study period (0.137 +/- 0.078 mg/L vs 0.124 +/- 0.049 mg/L, p = 0.04), and the respective levels of DEHP decreased insignificantly (0.097 +/- 0.076 mg/L vs 0.069 +/- 0.046 mg/L, p = 0.07), whereas the concentrations of MEHP and 2-EH remained unchanged. Urine concentrations of PA were high (0.81 +/- 0.69 mg/L) but did not change substantially (0.70 +/- 0.50 mg/L). Effluent dialysate concentrations of MEHP and PA decreased significantly (0.0176 +/- 0.004 mg/L vs 0.0040 +/- 0.0007 mg/L, p = 0.043 and 0.158 +/- 0.056 mg/L vs 0.111 +/- 0.051 mg/L, p = 0.043, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Although PD patients seem to be exposed to other sources of phthalates in addition to dialysis, use of plasticizer-free devices may help to reduce potentially immunosuppressive exposure to phthalate esters.  (+info)

Chronic toxicity of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate in rats. (7/320)

Fischer 344 rats were treated with 0, 100, 500, 2500, or 12,500 ppm di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) in the diet for up to 104 weeks. Blood and urine were analyzed at weeks 26, 52, 78, and 104 from 10 animals per sex per group. Survival was slightly but not statistically reduced for rats receiving 12,500 ppm DEHP. Body weights and food consumption were significantly reduced for rats receiving the highest dose level of DEHP and occasionally for the male 2500-ppm group. BUN and albumin were significantly higher and globulin lower at nearly every sampling interval for the 12,500-ppm group compared with the controls. There was an increase in the mean activities of AST and ALT at 104 weeks, but no statistically significant differences were seen. Erythrocyte count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit values for the 12,500-ppm group were significantly lower than controls at nearly every sampling interval. No other differences in hematology were seen. No toxicologically significant changes were observed in urinalysis. At termination, relative lung weights for the 2500- and 12,500-ppm male groups of rats were significantly higher than for the controls. Absolute and relative liver and kidney weights for the 2500- and 12,500-ppm male rats, and liver weights for 12,500-ppm female rats were higher compared with the controls. Absolute and relative testes weights for the 12, 500-ppm male rats were lower compared with the controls. All organs were examined for histopathology. The incidence of hepatocellular lesions has been reported separately and correlated with the induction of peroxisomal enzyme activity (David et al., 1999). A dose level of 500 ppm was the NOEL for peroxisome proliferation. Bilateral aspermatogenesis in the testes, castration cells in the pituitary gland, spongiosis hepatis, and pancreatic acinar cell adenoma were observed for 12,500-ppm male rats. Aspermatogenesis and spongiosis hepatis were observed for 2500-ppm male rats, and aspermatogenesis was seen at 500 ppm. DEHP exposure exacerbated age-, species- or strain-related lesions such as mineralization of the renal papilla and chronic progressive nephropathy in male rats. Kupffer cell pigmentation and renal tubule pigmentation were seen in male and female 12,500-ppm rats. The increased incidence of spongiosis hepatis correlated with increased palmitoyl CoA oxidase activity, but the incidence of pancreatic acinar cell adenoma was increased only at the highest dose level of 12,500 ppm. These lesions, although typical of those seen with other peroxisome proliferators, may respond differently depending on the potency of the peroxisome proliferator. A dose level of 500 ppm (28.9-36.1 mg/kg/day) was considered to be the NOAEL.  (+info)

Effects of Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), DNA synthesis, and peroxisomal beta oxidation (PBOX) in rat, mouse, and hamster liver. (8/320)

The present study evaluated the effect of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) on gap-junctional intercellular communication (GJIC), peroxisomal beta-oxidation (PBOX) activity, and replicative DNA synthesis in several rodent species with differing susceptibilities to peroxisome proliferator-induced hepatic tumorigenesis. A low (non-tumorigenic) and high (tumorigenic) dietary concentration of DEHP was administered to male F344 rats for 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks. Additionally, a previously non-tumorigenic dose (1000 ppm) and tumorigenic dose of DEHP (12,000 ppm), as determined by chronic bioassay data, were examined following 2 weeks dietary administration. Male B6C3F1 mice were fed the non-tumorigenic concentration, 500 ppm, and the tumorigenic concentration, 6000 ppm, of DEHP for two and four weeks. The hepatic effects of low and high concentrations of DEHP, 1000 and 6000 ppm, were also examined in male Syrian Golden hamsters (refractory to peroxisome proliferator-induced tumorigenicity). In rat and mouse liver, a concentration-dependent increase in the relative liver weight, PBOX activity, and replicative DNA synthesis was observed at the earliest time point examined. Concurrent to these observations was an inhibition of GJIC. In hamster liver, a slight increase in the relative liver weight, PBOX activity, and replicative DNA synthesis was observed. However, these effects were not of the same magnitude or consistency as those observed in rats or mice. Furthermore, DEHP had no effect on GJIC in hamster liver at any of the time points examined (2 and 4 weeks). HPLC analysis of DEHP and its primary metabolites, mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and phthalate acid (PA), indicated a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the hepatic concentration of MEHP. At equivalent dietary concentrations and time points, the presence of MEHP, the primary metabolite responsible for the hepatic effects of DEHP, demonstrated a species-specific response. The largest increase in the hepatic concentration of MEHP was observed in mice, which was greater than the concentration observed in rats. The hepatic concentration of MEHP was lowest in hamsters. Hepatic concentrations of DEHP and phthalic acid were minimal and did not correlate with concentration and time. Collectively, these data demonstrate the inhibition of hepatic GJIC and increased replicative DNA synthesis correlated with the observed dose- and species-specific tumorigenicity of DEHP and may be predictive indicators of the nongenotoxic carcinogenic potential of phthalate esters.  (+info)

Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) is a type of phthalate compound that is commonly used as a plasticizer, a substance added to plastics to make them more flexible and durable. DEHP is a colorless, oily liquid with an odor similar to oil or benzene. It is soluble in organic solvents but not in water.

DEHP is used primarily in the production of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastics, such as flexible tubing, hoses, and medical devices like blood bags and intravenous (IV) lines. DEHP can leach out of these products over time, particularly when they are subjected to heat or other stressors, leading to potential human exposure.

Exposure to DEHP has been linked to a variety of health effects, including reproductive toxicity, developmental and neurological problems, and an increased risk of cancer. As a result, the use of DEHP in certain applications has been restricted or banned in some countries. The medical community is also moving towards using alternative plasticizers that are considered safer for human health.

Plasticizers are substances added to polymers or plastics to increase their flexibility, workability, and durability. They achieve this by reducing the intermolecular forces between polymer chains, thereby lowering the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the material. This allows the plastic to remain flexible even at lower temperatures. Common plasticizers include phthalates, adipates, and epoxy compounds. It is important to note that some plasticizers can have potential health concerns, and their use may be regulated in certain applications.

Phthalic acids are organic compounds with the formula C6H4(COOH)2. They are white crystalline solids that are slightly soluble in water and more soluble in organic solvents. Phthalic acids are carboxylic acids, meaning they contain a functional group consisting of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to a hydroxyl group (-OH).

Phthalic acids are important intermediates in the chemical industry and are used to produce a wide range of products, including plastics, resins, and personal care products. They are also used as solvents and as starting materials for the synthesis of other chemicals.

Phthalic acids can be harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. They can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and prolonged exposure can lead to more serious health effects. Some phthalates, which are compounds that contain phthalic acid, have been linked to reproductive and developmental problems in animals and are considered to be endocrine disruptors. As a result, the use of certain phthalates has been restricted in some countries.

Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is a synthetic chemical compound that belongs to a class of chemicals called phthalates. It is a colorless, oily liquid with a mild odor and is widely used as a plasticizer to make plastics more flexible and durable. DBP is commonly added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products such as vinyl flooring, wall coverings, shower curtains, and consumer products like cosmetics, personal care products, and cleaning solutions.

In medical terms, DBP has been identified as a reproductive toxicant and endocrine disruptor, which means it can interfere with the body's hormonal system and potentially affect reproductive health. Studies have shown that exposure to DBP during pregnancy may be associated with adverse outcomes such as reduced fetal growth, abnormalities in male reproductive development, and behavioral problems in children.

Therefore, it is important to limit exposure to DBP and other phthalates, especially for pregnant women and young children. Some steps you can take to reduce your exposure include avoiding plastic containers with the recycling codes 3 or 7 (which may contain phthalates), choosing personal care products that are labeled "phthalate-free," and using natural cleaning products whenever possible.

... diisobutyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, dipentyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate". Regulatory ... The toxins from phthalate esters affect the developing male reproductive system. Diethylhexyl phthalate is also suspected to ... The toxins that are components of plastic include diethylhexyl phthalate, which is a toxic carcinogen, as well as lead, cadmium ... "Association Between Diethylhexyl Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Function: A Meta-Analysis". Thyroid. 29 (2): 183-192. doi: ...
Diethyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate have been found in e-liquids. Some e-liquids contain tin "whiskers," microscopic ... Stratton 2018, p. Other Toxicants, Phthalates; 196. Varlet, Vincent; Farsalinos, Konstantinos; Augsburger, Marc; Thomas, ...
... (di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, diisooctyl phthalate, DEHP; incorrectly - ... These alternatives include other phthalates such as diisononyl phthalate (DINP), di-2-propyl heptyl phthalate (DPHP), ... Diethylhexyl ester of phthalic acid Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0236". National ... The reason is that the four phthalates are far more common than expected and that producers cannot phase out phthalates as fast ...
... and diethylhexyl phthalate metabolites, anandamide, and fatty acids in deciduous molars: potential biomarkers of perinatal ...
"The plasticizer diethylhexyl phthalate induces malformations by decreasing fetal testosterone synthesis during sexual ... Phthalates and PFCs in particular have been found to function as agonists for one or more of the PPARs Additionally, ... Bell FP (November 1982). "Effects of phthalate esters on lipid metabolism in various tissues, cells and organelles in mammals ... Hurst CH, Waxman DJ (August 2003). "Activation of PPARalpha and PPARgamma by environmental phthalate monoesters". Toxicol. Sci ...
... dibutyl phthalate MeSH D02.241.223.805.250 - diethylhexyl phthalate MeSH D02.241.223.805.780 - o-phthalaldehyde MeSH D02.241. ...
... who reported being in a car or truck within 48 hours of providing a urine sample had higher levels of diethylhexyl phthalate, ... One phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), used in medical tubing, catheters and blood bags, may harm sexual ... phthalates may play a causal role in disrupting masculine neurological development when exposed prenatally. Dibutyl phthalate ( ... In another case, phthalates in pregnant women's urine was linked to subtle, but specific, genital changes in their male infants ...
Measurement of Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) Leached from Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Containing Plastics by Infusion Solutions ...
Phthalate DnBP was detected in 81 percent of the samples, while DEHP was found in 70 percent. Diethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHT ... dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-iso-decyl phthalate (DIDP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP), and butylbenzyl phthalate (BBP) "Echa and ... Low-molecular-weight phthalates like dimethyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate are used as fixatives for perfumes. Dimethyl ... Phthalates can plasticise ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP) and cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP), all of ...
... phthalate (DEHP) also commonly known as (dioctyl phthalate, DOP or diethylhexyl phthalate), historically used in flooring ... Some common phthalate plasticizers are: Low Molecular Weight Ortho Phthalates Dimethyl phthalate (DMP), used in fragrances, as ... Good high temperature and outdoor weathering performance Ditridecyl phthalate (DTDP) is the highest molecular weight phthalate ... molecular weight phthalates and alternatives in the US and Europe High Molecular Weight Ortho Phthalates Diisononyl phthalate ( ...
... diisobutyl phthalate, butylbenzyl phthalate, diethylhexyl phthalate, dipentyl phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate". Regulatory ... The toxins from phthalate esters affect the developing male reproductive system. Diethylhexyl phthalate is also suspected to ... The toxins that are components of plastic include diethylhexyl phthalate, which is a toxic carcinogen, as well as lead, cadmium ... "Association Between Diethylhexyl Phthalate Exposure and Thyroid Function: A Meta-Analysis". Thyroid. 29 (2): 183-192. doi: ...
The diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) found in plastics is a carcinogen. Scientists have linked other plastic toxins to birth ...
D004051 Diethylhexyl Phthalate more ... click here to view the complete list RNA-Seq Expression Data from GTEx (53 Tissues, 570 ...
Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP); Dibutyl phthalate (DBP); Benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP); Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) - - ... Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Regulatory process names 14 Translated names 20 IUPAC names 37 Trade names 18 Other names 1 Other ... The following phthalates (or other CAS and EC numbers covering the substance) (See group members) [Entry 51] - - Expert ...
... and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) (Morgenroth, 1993). If a data-derived factor is introduced then the commonly used 10-fold ... Case study: diethylhexylphthalate. Food Addit Contam, 10(3): 363-373. NAS (1977) Drinking water and health. Washington, DC, ...
Diethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plastic additive.. Its widespread use in everyday and medical products has ... DIDP and DINP are two very similar phthalates. They are mainly used in PVC and other plastics, but also in some inks, paints ... The aim of this peer reviewed comparison is to put in perspective the potential dangers and risks of four phthalates used ... Some school supplies, such as erasers, contain phthalates - substances that are added to plastics to make them soft. ...
bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate decreases expression. ISO. RGD:4110705. 6480464. Diethylhexyl Phthalate results in decreased ... monobutyl phthalate results in increased expression of CCDC180 mRNA. CTD. PMID:29162477. ...
The other key ingredients that are being banned are the two phthalates: dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate ( ... formaldehyde, parabens, phthalates, protecting salon workers health, salon workers health, toxic chemicals in cosmetics, toxic ... DEHP). Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is still occasionally (although generally rarely these days) found listed as an ingredient in ...
Chemical activity-based environmental risk analysis of the plasticizer di-ethylhexyl phthalate and its main metabolite mono- ... ethylhexyl phthalate. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 36(6): 1483-1492.. *Lo J.C., D.J. Letinski, T.F. Parkerton, D.A. Campbell and F.A ...
Chemical activity-based environmental risk analysis of the plasticizer di-ethylhexyl phthalate and its main metabolite mono- ... Bioaccumulation of Phthalate Esters in Aquatic Food-Webs. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, Vol. 3. Phthalates (O. Hutzinger ... Determination of Phthalate Ester Congeners and Mixtures in Sediments and Biota of an Urbanized Coastal Marine Inlet. Environ. ... Sorption of Phthalate Esters and PCBs in a Marine Ecosystem. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2006; 40(11); 3481-3488. ...
... di-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP; di-n-butyl phthalate, DnBP; di-isobutyl phthalate, DiBP; butyl-benzyl phthalate, BBzP; di-iso- ... di-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP; di-n-butyl phthalate, DnBP; di-isobutyl phthalate, DiBP; butyl-benzyl phthalate, BBzP; di-iso- ... nonyl phthalate, DiNP; di-propylheptyl phthalate, DPHP; di-iso-decyl phthalate, DiDP; and di-ethyl phthalate, DEP) and one non- ... nonyl phthalate, DiNP; di-propylheptyl phthalate, DPHP; di-iso-decyl phthalate, DiDP; and di-ethyl phthalate, DEP) and one non- ...
Items containing more than 1 per cent by weight of diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are banned. Risk: reproductive toxicity for ...
Not made with natural rubber latex, PVC or Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). ...
Substitutes for the test agent diethyl(hexyl)phthalate (117817) (DOP) used in respirator quantitative fit testing were ... They were: diethyl(hexyl)sebacate (122623), linoleic-acid (60333), oleic-acid (112801), dimethicone (9006659), and corn-oil. ...
These include plastic childrens items containing the chemical diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), combustible candle holders and ...
... fair.They had played with it shortly before they used their hands to eat snacks at a class party.The culprit was phthalates -… ... Laboratory tests identified the presence of two compounds, dibutyl phthalates and diethylhexyl phthalates. These compounds were ... The culprit was phthalates - substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility. Traces were found on the China-made ... Consuming phthalates can cause diarrhoea, nausea, stomach ache and vomiting. Eaten in large enough amounts over a prolonged ...
This work investigated diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and bisphenol A (BPA) leaching from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) microplastics ... amrin, M. A. Phthalate riss, phthalate regulation, and public health: a review. J. Toxicol. Env. Heal. B 12, 157-174 (2009). ... compounded into specic polymers; for example, phthalates in PVC or hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) in ...
The foods contained diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), seven types of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and four types of ...
Two phthalates, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have received considerable attention recently ... Pediatric Exposure and Potential Toxicity of Phthalate Plasticizers Katherine M. Shea, MD, MPH; Katherine M. Shea, MD, MPH ... Like all phthalates, DEHP and DINP are ubiquitous contaminants in food, indoor air, soils, and sediments. DEHP is used in toys ... Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. They are ...
Diethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, 1,2-Bis(2-Ethylhexyl) Ester) ... EPA states on its web page on dicyclohexyl phthalate that the primary use for dicyclohexyl phthalate is as a plasticizer in ... the scope of the diethylhexyl phthalate includes releases and exposures from articles, from contamination in air, water, soil, ... Dibutyl Phthalate (DBP) (1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic Acid, 1,2-Dibutyl Ester). According to EPAs web page on DBP, the primary use ...
... "phthalate-free". Dibutyl phthalate(DEP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) are two of the phthalates that have been banned from ... 2005). Phthalate exposure and reproductive hormones in adult men Hum. Reprod. 20(3): 604-610. first published online December 9 ... 4) DEHP (di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) is now prohibited by the Cosmetics Ingredient Hotlist and has been classified as a ... New research even shows that exposure to phthalates has been linked to disorders such as reduced semen quality (5), reduced ...
Environmentally-relevant exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) alters regulation of double-strand break formation and ...
Association of diethylhexyl phthalate with obesity-related markers and body mass change from birth to 3 months of age (1 ...
Di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). 117-81-7. Di-isobutyl phthalate (DIBP). 84-69-5. ...
Di(ethylhexyl)adipate. Di(ethylhexyl)phthalate. Dibromochloropropane. Dinoseb. Diquat. Endothall. Endrin. Ethylene Dibromide. ...
Laminate flooring doesnt contain any diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and therefore cant cause any changes in hormone levels. ... Laminate floors are ideal for childrens bedrooms, as they dont contain any plasticisers (phthalates). The German consumer ...
WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Diethylhexyl Phthalate, which is known to the State of California ...
For example, dibutyl phthalate and diethylhexyl phthalate are considered "Toxic for Reproduction" at concentrations >=0.5%. ... The concerns here include the use of phthalate plasticizers and lead stabilizers in plastics and rubbers. ...
  • The diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) found in plastics is a carcinogen. (inhabitat.com)
  • Diethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) is a widely used plastic additive. (greenfacts.org)
  • dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP ). (womensvoices.org)
  • After days with preschool attendance, lower urinary concentrations of metabolites originating from DEP and phthalates that are strictly regulated within the EU REACH legislation (DEHP, DnBP, and DiBP) and higher concentrations of metabolites originating from DiNP, DPHP, and DiDP, i.e. less or non-regulated phthalates were found compared the urinary concentrations of these metabolites in weekends. (lu.se)
  • These include plastic children's items containing the chemical diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), combustible candle holders and gas masks containing asbestos. (choice.com.au)
  • The foods contained diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), seven types of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and four types of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE). (petfoodindustry.com)
  • Two phthalates, diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and diisononyl phthalate (DINP), have received considerable attention recently because of specific concerns about pediatric exposures. (aap.org)
  • 4) DEHP (di-2-ethyl-hexyl-phthalate) is now prohibited by the Cosmetics Ingredient Hotlist and has been classified as a probable human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. (sustainablog.org)
  • Environmentally-relevant exposure to diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) alters regulation of double-strand break formation and crossover designation leading to germline dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans. (harvard.edu)
  • Laminate flooring doesn't contain any diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) and therefore can't cause any changes in hormone levels. (kronotex.com)
  • lt;div class="field__item">The product does not comply with the permanent ban on children's products containing more than 1% diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP). (productsafety.gov.au)
  • B. Braun is reviewing its entire portfolio of products and focusing on eliminating chemicals of concern, such as Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic. (jhconline.com)
  • DEHP is an ortho-phthalate that's considered to be a carcinogenic, reprotoxic, and endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC), linked to a growing list of illnesses and disorders that afflict people," Kentner said. (jhconline.com)
  • We're assessing our products for changes in materials, especially in the case of ortho-phthalate plasticizers like DEHP. (jhconline.com)
  • Proposition 65 Warnings Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment: Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). (jhconline.com)
  • The article went on to report that when a Swedish government-accredited laboratory analyzed 34 common products, researchers found that well-known perfumes like "Chanel No. 5", Dior's "Poison", Calvin Klein's "Eternity" and "Tommy Girl" all contained di-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) or similar chemicals. (lesliekenton.com)
  • Diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) is widely used as a plasticizer in polyvinyl chloride products. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) dependent prostaglandin synthesis is implicated in preterm birth, we evaluated effects of mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), the active metabolite of DEHP, on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis and COX expression in human placental macrophages (PM). In addition, responses in PM were compared to those in a human macrophage-like cell line, THP-1. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Following oral exposure, DEHP is quickly metabolized by gut lipases to its active metabolite, monoethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), and excreted in the urine. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It was worth noting that di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP) are prominent contributors to PAEs in soils of the YRD. (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this peer reviewed comparison is to put in perspective the potential dangers and risks of four phthalates used mainly as plasticizers in PVC applications and help the non specialist reader to make its opinion in these matters. (greenfacts.org)
  • As children are particularly vulnerable to the effects from exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), it is essential to monitor exposure to EDCs such as phthalates and non-phthalate plasticizers in indoor environments intended for use by children. (lu.se)
  • Phthalates are plasticizers that are added to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) products to impart flexibility and durability. (aap.org)
  • Commonly used as "plasticizers", phthalates are dangerous. (lesliekenton.com)
  • Phthalates are mainly used as plasticizers in polyvinyl chloride (PVC). (bvsalud.org)
  • The developed method could effectively separate and quantify all target plasticizers without interference with each other and potential overlap between the isomeric forms of phthalates, di-isodecyl phthalate, and di-isononyl phthalate. (bvsalud.org)
  • BACKGROUND: Some phthalates are endocrine disrupting chemicals used as plasticizers in consumer products, and have been associated with obesity in cross-sectional studies, yet prospective evaluations of weight change are lacking. (cdc.gov)
  • and di-ethyl phthalate, DEP) and one non-phthalate plasticizer (di-isononyl cyclohexane 1,2-dicarboxylate, DiNCH) were measured in 206 urine samples collected at four occasions, i.e. twice during the winter and twice during the spring from 54 children (mean 5.1 years, SD 0.94) enrolled at eight preschools in Sweden. (lu.se)
  • EPA states on its web page on dicyclohexyl phthalate that the primary use for dicyclohexyl phthalate is as a plasticizer in adhesives and plastic and rubber products and resins. (lawbc.com)
  • In this study, we developed an accurate and simultaneous method for determination of 11 representative phthalates and a non-phthalate plasticizer (di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate, DEHT) in PVC as a higher-order reference method. (bvsalud.org)
  • Homogeneously prepared PVC samples, each containing approximately 0.1 % of the target plasticizer compounds, were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with deuterium-labeled phthalates and DEHT. (bvsalud.org)
  • Laboratory tests identified the presence of two compounds, dibutyl phthalates and diethylhexyl phthalates. (yoursdp.org)
  • Substitutes for the test agent diethyl(hexyl)phthalate (117817) (DOP) used in respirator quantitative fit testing were investigated. (cdc.gov)
  • These include diethyl phthalate, a chemical found in 97% of Americans and linked to sperm damage in human epidemiological studies, and musk ketone, a synthetic fragrance ingredient that concentrates in human fat and breast tissue. (lesliekenton.com)
  • New research even shows that exposure to phthalates has been linked to disorders such as reduced semen quality (5), reduced angogenital distance (6) as well as testicular cancer (7). (sustainablog.org)
  • STUDY QUESTION Does phthalate exposure during early childhood alter the timing of pubertal development in girls? (mssm.edu)
  • LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION While there is evidence that phthalate exposures are fairly consistent over time, the exposure measure in this study may not reflect an earlier, more susceptible window of exposure. (mssm.edu)
  • However, prolonged exposure to phthalates poses considerable risks to human health. (bvsalud.org)
  • Overall, high urinary phthalate metabolite concentrations were observed in this study compared to the US CDC-NHANES from the same time period and similar age-group. (lu.se)
  • No associations were observed between low-molecular weight phthalate urinary metabolite concentrations and age at pubertal transition in adjusted analyses. (mssm.edu)
  • SUMMARY ANSWER Urinary concentrations of high-molecular weight phthalate (high-MWP) metabolites are associated with later pubarche. (mssm.edu)
  • MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Urinary concentrations of high-MWP including di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (ΣDEHP) metabolites were associated with later pubic hair development during 7 years of observation. (mssm.edu)
  • We measured 13 phthalate metabolites and creatinine in spot urine samples provided at baseline. (cdc.gov)
  • Information from the 2016 CDR for dicyclohexyl phthalate indicates that the reported production volume is between 500,000 and 1 million lbs/year. (lawbc.com)
  • Compared to previous Swedish and international studies performed during approximately the same time period, high urinary concentrations of monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP), a metabolite from the strictly regulated BBzP, were measured in this study (median 17 ng/mL). (lu.se)
  • According to the web page, in the draft scope, EPA preliminarily identified conditions of use associated with the manufacturing, processing, distribution, use, and disposal of dicyclohexyl phthalate. (lawbc.com)
  • WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including Diethylhexyl Phthalate, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects or other reproductive harm. (big5sportinggoods.com)
  • A growing body of evidence shows that Americans receiving care in hospitals and other settings can be exposed to dangerous levels of phthalates, a family of industrial chemicals used to soften PVC. (jhconline.com)
  • Phthalates are animal carcinogens and can cause fetal death, malformations, and reproductive toxicity in laboratory animals. (aap.org)
  • The simple term "fragrance" on an ingredient list can refer to a combination of any of the thousand separate ingredients used to make up the "fragrance", many of which are phthalates (toxic carcinogens and hormone disruptors). (wildnaturals.com)
  • Our objective was to evaluate associations between phthalate biomarker concentrations and weight and weight change among postmenopausal women. (cdc.gov)
  • This report addresses sensitive endpoints of reproductive and developmental toxicity and the unique aspects of pediatric exposures to phthalates that generate concern. (aap.org)
  • Laminate floors are ideal for children's bedrooms, as they don't contain any plasticisers (phthalates). (kronotex.com)
  • When we help customers develop people-friendly spaces, we want to ensure indoor air quality, health, and well-being with phthalate-free design solutions as well as products having low and/or non-detectable Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) emissions. (allergystandards.com)
  • And phthalates are merely a pale echo of the problem-a minute concern-in a much more threatening and complex multi-dimensional and pervasive chemical toxicity which pervades our lives. (lesliekenton.com)
  • WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Phthalates are widespread, hormonally active pollutants that may alter pubertal timing. (mssm.edu)
  • Phthalates have long been known to be both carcinogenic and mutagenic. (lesliekenton.com)
  • The culprit was phthalates - substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility. (yoursdp.org)
  • Dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is still occasionally (although generally rarely these days) found listed as an ingredient in nail polishes. (womensvoices.org)
  • WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Phthalates are anti-Androgenic environmental agents known to alter early development, with possible effects on pubertal onset. (mssm.edu)
  • Diethylhexyl phthalate / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. (who.int)
  • In recent years, the extensive distribution of phthalates (PAEs) in soils has attracted increasing attention. (bvsalud.org)
  • The findings from this study are the first to demonstrate phthalate-stimulated PGE2 synthesis in PM and warrant future studies into COX-2-dependent prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of toxicant-associated preterm birth. (biomedcentral.com)