Dicrocoelium
Transistors, Electronic
Cellular Phone
Nanowires
Graphite
Morphometry on lancet flukes found in Japanese sika deer (Cervus nippon centralis) captured in Iwate Prefecture, Japan. (1/11)
Thirty-six flukes were collected from the livers of wild deer (Cervus nippon centralis) captured in Iwate Prefecture, Japan, and were served for morphometry. The length and/or the width of the body, suckers, testes, ovary, vitelline glands, cirrus pouch and eggs in the uterus of the flukes were measured. The distance between anterior end of the body and position of the maximal body-width or upper end of the testes were also determined. A remarked morphological characteristic was that the right and left testes did not lie tandem but lined bilaterally. Also the position of the maximal body-width did not always locate in the posterior part of the body of the fluke. The property was in accordance with those for Dicrocoelium chinensis. (+info)The major secreted cathepsin L1 protease of the liver fluke, Fasciola hepatica: a Leu-12 to Pro-12 replacement in the nonconserved C-terminal region of the prosegment prevents complete enzyme autoactivation and allows definition of the molecular events in prosegment removal. (2/11)
A protease secreted by the parasitic helminth Fasciola hepatica, a 37-kDa procathepsin L1 (FheproCL1), autocatalytically processes and activates to its mature enzyme (FheCL1) over a wide pH range of 7.3 to 4.0, although activation is more rapid at low pH. Maturation initiates with cleavages of a small proportion of molecules within the central region of the prosegment, possibly by intramolecular events. However, activation to fully mature enzymes is achieved by a precise intermolecular cleavage at a Leu-12-Ser-11 downward arrowHis-10 sequence within the nonconserved C-terminal region of the prosegment. The importance of this cleavage site in enzyme activation was demonstrated using an active site variant FheproCL1Gly26 (Cys26 to Gly26) and a double variant FheproCL1Pro-12/Gly26 (Leu-12 to Pro-12), and although both of these variants cannot autocatalytically process, the former is susceptible to trans-processing at a Leu-12-Ser-11 downward arrowHis-10 sequence by pre-activated FheCL1, but the latter is not. Another F. hepatica secreted protease FheCL2, which, unlike FheCL1, can readily accept proline in the S2 subsite of its active site, can trans-process the double variant FheproCL1Pro-12/Gly26 by cleavage at the Pro-12-Ser-11 downward arrowHis-10 sequence. Furthermore, the autoactivation of a variant enzyme with a single replacement, FheproCL1Pro-12, was very slow but was increased 40-fold in the presence of FheCL2. These studies provide a molecular insight into the regulation of FheproCL1 autocatalysis. (+info)Lipid peroxidation and antioxidant potential of sheep liver infected naturally with distomatosis. (3/11)
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of natural distomatosis infections on sheep liver malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, activities of enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT)) and concentrations of non-enzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH), vitamin C, and beta-carotene). Eighteen Akkaraman sheep naturally infected with Fasciola sp and Dicrocoelium dentriticum (D. dentriticum) and ten healthy Akkaraman sheep were included in the study Liver samples for the analysis of MDA, GPx, Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT, GSH, vitamin C, and beta-carotene and blood samples for the measurement of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase were collected immediately after sheep in the two groups were slaughtered. The concentration of MDA and activity of GPx in the group with distomatosis were higher than in the control group (P < 0.001). However, the Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT activities and the GSH, vitamin C concentrations in the infected group were significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.001). The serum beta-carotene was not found to be statistically different in the two groups (P > 0.05). ALT and AST serum activities of the group with distomatosis were significantly higher in comparison to the control group (P < 0.001). In this study it was demonstrated that lipid peroxidation increased and activities or/and concentrations of antioxidant compounds were significantly changed in the liver of sheep with distomatosis. (+info)Dicrocoelium dendriticum infection in a patient with Crohn's disease. (4/11)
Infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum in humans is rarely reported in the medical literature. This liver fluke, which commonly infects ruminants, has a complex life cycle with two intermediate hosts--the land snail and the ant. True human infection occurs by ingestion of the second intermediate host, but spurious infections have occurred after consumption of undercooked animal liver. The present report describes a patient with active Crohn's disease whose stool contained D dendriticum eggs. A brief discussion of the medical literature is presented. (+info)Dicrocoelium dendriticum: a true infection? (5/11)
Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a liver parasite of ruminants. Humans are occasionally infected by ingestion of intermediate hosts. We report a rare case of dicrocoeliasis in a 55-year-old woman who presented with eosinophilia and elevated bilirubin. Therapy with albendazole eradicated the parasite and normalized blood parameters. (+info)Human infection with Dicrocoelium dendriticum in Turkey. (6/11)
(+info)Predicting risk habitats for the transmission of the small liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum to grazing ruminants. (7/11)
A multiple regression model was used to analyse if the structure of vegetation and soil patches in grazed units (pastures) can be used as explanatory variables to predict the prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum, a common parasite of cattle and sheep, in grazing cattle stocks on the Baltic island of Oland in southern Sweden. The scale dependency was evaluated by comparing three levels of spatial resolution of patches. Prevalence data were obtained from slaughtered animals. Our models predict that the prevalence of D. dendriticum increases in grazed areas with woody vegetation, whereas moist and wet areas decrease parasite prevalence. The predictive power of the statistical models increased with increasing level of patch resolution. Approximately 42% of the variation in parasite prevalence (angular transformation) was explained by the areal proportion of vegetation types (4th-root-transformed). Based on the results obtained, we believe that our model strategy provides a rational and systematic tool to identify habitats that carry risk for D. dendriticum infection of ruminants, and that it can be applied to other parasites with similar life cycles such as Fasciola hepatica. (+info)Acid Bohr effect of a monomeric haemoglobin from Dicrocoelium dendriticum. Mechanism of the allosteric conformation transition. (8/11)
The dioxygen affinity of Dicrocoelium dendriticum haemoglobin was determined as a function of pH with a thin-layer diffusion technique. From the oxygen dissociation and association curves Hill coefficients h equal 1 were obtained throughout. Ultracentrifugation studies prove this haemoglobin to be monomeric irrespective of pH and ligation state. Thus, Dicrocoelium haemoglobin is a non-cooperative monomer. It has the highest O2 affinity so far known for any monomeric haemoglobin: its half-saturation pressure, p50 value, ranges at 25 degrees C from 0.016 mm Hg to 0.15 mm Hg (2.13-20.0 Pa) dependent on pH. Dicrocoelium haemoglobin shows an acid Bohr effect only and as such it constitutes a new class of haemoglobins. Its log p50 versus pH plot (Bohr effect curve) is characterized by a large amplitude, delta log p50 = 0.96, and an inflection point (Bohr effect pK) at pH 5.0. A model for the acid Bohr effect of D. dendriticum haemoglobin is proposed. By generalization, both the alkaline and the acid Bohr effect in various monomeric haemoglobins may arise from a single Bohr group complex (salt bridge). (+info)Dicrocoelium is a genus of digenean flatworms, also known as liver flukes. These parasites primarily infect the livers of herbivorous animals, such as sheep and cattle, but can also occasionally infect humans. The medical definition of Dicrocoelium refers to these parasitic worms that have a complex life cycle involving snails, ants, and definitive hosts (herbivores or humans).
The most common species is Dicrocoelium dendriticum, which causes dicrocoeliasis in its definitive host. Infection occurs when the herbivore ingests vegetation contaminated with metacercariae, the infective stage of the parasite, encysted on the surface of plants. Once inside the definitive host, the metacercariae excyst and migrate to the bile ducts in the liver, where they mature into adults and produce eggs that are excreted in the feces.
The life cycle continues when these eggs are consumed by a specific type of snail, which becomes infected after ingesting the eggs. Inside the snail, the parasites undergo asexual reproduction, producing cercariae, which then leave the snail and encyst on the surface of vegetation or in ants. When an ant accidentally ingests these encysted cercariae, they migrate to the brain of the ant and manipulate its behavior, causing it to climb up tall blades of grass or other vegetation during the daytime. This exposes the ant to being eaten by a grazing herbivore, which completes the life cycle when it ingests the infected ant.
In humans, Dicrocoelium infection is rare and usually occurs after consuming raw or undercooked vegetables contaminated with metacercariae. Symptoms of dicrocoeliasis can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and liver enlargement. Diagnosis is typically made by detecting eggs in the stool, and treatment involves administering anthelmintic medications to eliminate the parasites from the body.
Dicrocoeliasis is a parasitic infection caused by the fluke Dicrocoelium dendriticum, also known as the lancet liver fluke. This small flatworm infects the bile ducts of the liver in its definitive host, which are usually herbivorous animals such as sheep and cattle. Humans can become accidental hosts by ingesting contaminated vegetation or water that contains the encysted larval stage of the fluke.
The infection is typically asymptomatic or causes only mild symptoms, such as abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and fatigue. However, in severe cases, it can lead to liver damage and other complications. The diagnosis of dicrocoeliasis is usually made by detecting the presence of the parasite's eggs in the stool or through imaging techniques such as ultrasound or CT scan. Treatment typically involves the use of anthelmintic medications that are effective against flukes, such as praziquantel or triclabendazole.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Transistors, Electronic" is not a recognized medical term. Transistors are electronic components used in various devices, including medical equipment, to amplify or switch electronic signals and electrical power. They are crucial for the functioning of numerous technologies, such as computers, smartphones, and other digital devices. However, they are not typically described in the context of medical definitions. If you have any questions related to electronics or technology that you believe could be relevant to a medical context, please provide more details so I can give a more accurate response.
Automatic Data Processing (ADP) is not a medical term, but a general business term that refers to the use of computers and software to automate and streamline administrative tasks and processes. In a medical context, ADP may be used in healthcare settings to manage electronic health records (EHRs), billing and coding, insurance claims processing, and other data-intensive tasks.
The goal of using ADP in healthcare is to improve efficiency, accuracy, and timeliness of administrative processes, while reducing costs and errors associated with manual data entry and management. By automating these tasks, healthcare providers can focus more on patient care and less on paperwork, ultimately improving the quality of care delivered to patients.
A cellular phone, also known as a mobile phone, is a portable device that uses wireless cellular networks to make and receive voice, video, and data communications. The term "cellular" refers to the way that the network is divided into small geographical areas, or cells, each served by a low-power transmitter/receiver. As a user moves from one cell to another, the phone automatically connects to the nearest cell site, allowing for uninterrupted communication as long as the user remains within the coverage area of the network.
Cellular phones typically use digital technology and operate on a variety of frequency bands, depending on the region and the specific carrier. They are equipped with a rechargeable battery, an antenna, a display screen, and a keypad or touchscreen interface for dialing numbers, sending messages, and accessing various features and applications.
Modern cellular phones offer a wide range of functions beyond basic voice communication, including text messaging, multimedia messaging, email, web browsing, social media, gaming, and photography. They may also include features such as GPS navigation, music players, and mobile payment systems. Some high-end models even serve as portable computing devices, with powerful processors, large memory capacities, and advanced software applications.
Hemoglobinometry is a method used to measure the amount or concentration of hemoglobin (Hb) in blood. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. Hemoglobinometry is typically performed on a sample of whole blood and can be done using various methods, including spectrophotometry, colorimetry, or automated analyzers.
The results of hemoglobinometry are reported in units of grams per deciliter (g/dL) or grams per liter (g/L). Normal values for hemoglobin concentration vary depending on factors such as age, sex, and altitude, but in general, a healthy adult male should have a hemoglobin level between 13.5 and 17.5 g/dL, while a healthy adult female should have a level between 12.0 and 15.5 g/dL.
Hemoglobinometry is an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of various medical conditions, including anemia, polycythemia, and respiratory disorders. It can help identify the cause of symptoms such as fatigue, shortness of breath, or dizziness and guide treatment decisions.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "nanowires" is not a medical term. It is a term used in the field of materials science and nanotechnology. Nanowires are one-dimensional structures with a diameter of 1-100 nanometers (nm) and an aspect ratio (length/diameter) greater than 1000. They have unique electrical, mechanical, and optical properties that make them useful in various applications such as electronics, sensors, energy storage, and biomedical devices.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "graphite" is not a medical term. It is a mineral form of carbon that is used in various applications, such as pencils, lubricants, and batteries. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "semiconductors" is a term from the field of materials science and electronics rather than medicine. Semiconductors are materials, often silicon-based, that have properties between conductors and insulators. They are used in various electronic devices due to their unique property of controlling the flow of electrical current. If you have any medical questions, I'd be happy to help with those instead!
Dicrocoelium hospes
Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Cathaica fasciola
Archaeoparasitology
Behavior-altering parasite
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Trematoda
Marabou stork
Gastropod-borne parasitic disease
Zombies in Resident Evil
Veterinary parasitology
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Dicrocoeliidae
List of MeSH codes (B01)
Liver fluke
List of infectious sheep and goat diseases
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Dendriticum8
- Hymenolepis nana and Dicrocoelium dendriticum, while in Isfahan only A. lumbricoides, Trichostriogylus and H. nana were isolated. (who.int)
- Hymenolepis nana et Dicrocoelium dendriticum, tandis qu'à Ispahan seuls A. lumbricoides, Trichostriogylus et H. nana ont été isolés. (who.int)
- Predicting risk habitats for the transmission of the small liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum to grazing ruminants. (lnu.se)
- The lancet liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, has a complicated life cycle that begins with the hijacking of an ant's brain. (phys.org)
- O. unilateralis is not the only organism to cause similar behavioral manipulations of its hosts: the fungus Pandora formicae and the microscopic worm Dicrocoelium dendriticum have strikingly similar lifestyles. (databasefootball.com)
- Growing up to 10 mm by 2.5 mm (0.5 x 0.1 inches), Dicrocoelium dendriticum is a parasitic flatworm (also known as a trematode) that begins life as eggs living in the poop of (generally) cows or sheep. (todayifoundout.com)
- Halzoun, an allergic pharyngitis syndrome in Lebanon: the trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum as an additional cause. (msdmanuals.com)
- Take the case of the worm Dicrocoelium dendriticum better known as the lancet liver fluke. (heartstarbooks.com)
Hospes2
- Dicrocoelium hospes is a species of flatworms belonging to the family Dicrocoeliidae. (wikipedia.org)
- A number of endoparasites have been identified in wild marabous including Cheilospirura , Echinura and Acuaria nematodes, Amoebotaenia sphenoides (Cestoda) and Dicrocoelium hospes (Trematoda). (alchetron.com)
Fasciola1
- Study of Zoonotic Tissue Parasites (Hydatid Cyst, Fasciola, Dicrocoelium and Sarcocystis) in Hamadan Abattoir by: Mohammad Fallah, et al. (uitm.edu.my)
Liver1
- Dicrocoelium lanceolatum, sheep liver fluke, w.m. (inds.co.uk)
Dentriticum2
- Against Dicrocoelium dentriticum at higher doses than the therapeutic doses. (teknovet.com.tr)
- It is applied at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight against Dicrocoelium dentriticum. (teknovet.com.tr)
Trematode4
- The trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum , the lanceolate fluke or lancet fluke, is a common parasite of ruminants but humans can be accidental definitive hosts. (cdc.gov)
- Everyone in Scene II was infected with a microscopic, lance-shaped fluke, a trematode called Dicrocoelium dendriticum . (medscape.com)
- Halzoun, an allergic pharyngitis syndrome in Lebanon: the trematode Dicrocoelium dendriticum as an additional cause. (msdmanuals.com)
- In humans it is generally not fatal, unless … On today's show we will be talking about a trematode or fluke that is not seen often in humans, but is fascinating just the same Dicrocoelium dendriticum, or the lancet liver fluke. (web.app)
Dicrocoeliasis1
- Quick Summary: Dicrocoeliasis is a condition that results when a parasitic flatworm, known as the lancet liver fluke … The lancet liver fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, has a long history of colonization outside its native host and geographical range in continental Europe. (web.app)
Dendriticum eggs2
Trematodes1
- Like all trematodes, Dicrocoelium spp. (cdc.gov)
Hymenolepis2
Formica1
- Variation of larval fluke ( Dicrocoelium dendriticum ) intensity in Formica spp. (ulethbridge.ca)
Sheep2
- Ruminants, especially cattle and sheep, are the normal definitive hosts of Dicrocoelium spp. (cdc.gov)
- Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep versus cattle. (ulethbridge.ca)
Eggs1
- Eggs of Dicrocoelium dendriticum are operculated and measure 35-45 µm long by 20-30 µm wide. (cdc.gov)
Hosts2
Include1
- Other parasites that increase their host's risk of predation include Euhaplorchis californiensis, Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Myrmeconema neotropicum. (web.app)