Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures: Methods, procedures, and tests performed to diagnose disease, disordered function, or disability.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Molecular Diagnostic Techniques: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques used in the diagnosis of disease.Diagnostic Techniques, Radioisotope: Any diagnostic evaluation using radioactive (unstable) isotopes. This diagnosis includes many nuclear medicine procedures as well as radioimmunoassay tests.Diagnostic Techniques, Otological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the ear or of hearing disorders or demonstration of hearing acuity or loss.Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of disease or dysfunction by examination of the pathological site or operative field during surgical intervention.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Azure Stains: PHENOTHIAZINES with an amino group at the 3-position that are green crystals or powder. They are used as biological stains.Diagnostic Techniques, Urological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the urinary tract or its organs or demonstration of its physiological processes.Diagnostic Techniques, Obstetrical and Gynecological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of conditions related to pregnancy, labor, and the puerperium and of diseases of the female genitalia. It includes also demonstration of genital and pregnancy physiology.Diagnostic Tests, Routine: Diagnostic procedures, such as laboratory tests and x-rays, routinely performed on all individuals or specified categories of individuals in a specified situation, e.g., patients being admitted to the hospital. These include routine tests administered to neonates.Diagnostic Techniques, Digestive System: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the digestive system or its organs or demonstration of their physiological processes.Clinical Laboratory Techniques: Techniques used to carry out clinical investigative procedures in the diagnosis and therapy of disease.Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory tract or its organs. It includes RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Cytodiagnosis: Diagnosis of the type and, when feasible, the cause of a pathologic process by means of microscopic study of cells in an exudate or other form of body fluid. (Stedman, 26th ed)Diagnostic Techniques, Neurological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the nervous system, central and peripheral, or demonstration of neurologic function or dysfunction.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Parasitology: The study of parasites and PARASITIC DISEASES.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Radionuclide Imaging: The production of an image obtained by cameras that detect the radioactive emissions of an injected radionuclide as it has distributed differentially throughout tissues in the body. The image obtained from a moving detector is called a scan, while the image obtained from a stationary camera device is called a scintiphotograph.Biopsy, Needle: Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.Evaluation Studies as Topic: Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.Bronchoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi.Ultrasonography: The visualization of deep structures of the body by recording the reflections or echoes of ultrasonic pulses directed into the tissues. Use of ultrasound for imaging or diagnostic purposes employs frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 10 megahertz.Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.Diagnostic Techniques, Endocrine: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the endocrine glands or demonstration of their physiological processes.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Bacteriological Techniques: Techniques used in studying bacteria.Biopsy, Fine-Needle: Using fine needles (finer than 22-gauge) to remove tissue or fluid specimens from the living body for examination in the pathology laboratory and for disease diagnosis.Microscopy: The use of instrumentation and techniques for visualizing material and details that cannot be seen by the unaided eye. It is usually done by enlarging images, transmitted by light or electron beams, with optical or magnetic lenses that magnify the entire image field. With scanning microscopy, images are generated by collecting output from the specimen in a point-by-point fashion, on a magnified scale, as it is scanned by a narrow beam of light or electrons, a laser, a conductive probe, or a topographical probe.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases or dysfunction of the cardiovascular system or its organs or demonstration of their physiological processes.Feces: Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Dog Diseases: Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.MycosesContrast Media: Substances used to allow enhanced visualization of tissues.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Diagnostic Errors: Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.DNA, Bacterial: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.Diagnostic Imaging: Any visual display of structural or functional patterns of organs or tissues for diagnostic evaluation. It includes measuring physiologic and metabolic responses to physical and chemical stimuli, as well as ultramicroscopy.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.DNA Primers: Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Image Processing, Computer-Assisted: A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Fluorescent Antibody Technique: Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.United StatesIncidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Disease Outbreaks: Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Reagent Kits, Diagnostic: Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.ROC Curve: A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.Surgical Procedures, Operative: Operations carried out for the correction of deformities and defects, repair of injuries, and diagnosis and cure of certain diseases. (Taber, 18th ed.)Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)Diagnostic Services: Organized services for the purpose of providing diagnosis to promote and maintain health.Surgical Procedures, Minimally Invasive: Procedures that avoid use of open, invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery. These generally involve use of laparoscopic devices and remote-control manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Methods: A series of steps taken in order to conduct research.Diagnosis: The determination of the nature of a disease or condition, or the distinguishing of one disease or condition from another. Assessment may be made through physical examination, laboratory tests, or the likes. Computerized programs may be used to enhance the decision-making process.Vascular Surgical Procedures: Operative procedures for the treatment of vascular disorders.False Positive Reactions: Positive test results in subjects who do not possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of healthy persons as diseased when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)False Negative Reactions: Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Cardiac Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the heart.Ambulatory Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.Feasibility Studies: Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.Laparoscopy: A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.Orthopedic Procedures: Procedures used to treat and correct deformities, diseases, and injuries to the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM, its articulations, and associated structures.Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted: Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.Neurosurgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the nervous system or its parts.Observer Variation: The failure by the observer to measure or identify a phenomenon accurately, which results in an error. Sources for this may be due to the observer's missing an abnormality, or to faulty technique resulting in incorrect test measurement, or to misinterpretation of the data. Two varieties are inter-observer variation (the amount observers vary from one another when reporting on the same material) and intra-observer variation (the amount one observer varies between observations when reporting more than once on the same material).Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.Fluoroscopy: Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Specimen Handling: Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.Endoscopy: Procedures of applying ENDOSCOPES for disease diagnosis and treatment. Endoscopy involves passing an optical instrument through a small incision in the skin i.e., percutaneous; or through a natural orifice and along natural body pathways such as the digestive tract; and/or through an incision in the wall of a tubular structure or organ, i.e. transluminal, to examine or perform surgery on the interior parts of the body.Immunoassay: A technique using antibodies for identifying or quantifying a substance. Usually the substance being studied serves as antigen both in antibody production and in measurement of antibody by the test substance.Radiography, Interventional: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are invasive or surgical in nature, and require the expertise of a specially trained radiologist. In general, they are more invasive than diagnostic imaging but less invasive than major surgery. They often involve catheterization, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography. Some examples include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy, balloon angioplasty, and arterial embolization.Urologic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the urinary tract or its parts in the male or female. For surgery of the male genitalia, UROLOGIC SURGICAL PROCEDURES, MALE is available.Quality Control: A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Reoperation: A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Reconstructive Surgical Procedures: Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.Radiography: Examination of any part of the body for diagnostic purposes by means of X-RAYS or GAMMA RAYS, recording the image on a sensitized surface (such as photographic film).Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Reference Standards: A basis of value established for the measure of quantity, weight, extent or quality, e.g. weight standards, standard solutions, methods, techniques, and procedures used in diagnosis and therapy.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Endovascular Procedures: Minimally invasive procedures, diagnostic or therapeutic, performed within the BLOOD VESSELS. They may be perfomed via ANGIOSCOPY; INTERVENTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; INTERVENTIONAL RADIOGRAPHY; or INTERVENTIONAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.Fontan Procedure: A procedure in which total right atrial or total caval blood flow is channeled directly into the pulmonary artery or into a small right ventricle that serves only as a conduit. The principal congenital malformations for which this operation is useful are TRICUSPID ATRESIA and single ventricle with pulmonary stenosis.Cardiovascular Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the heart or blood vessels.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Digestive System Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the digestive system or its parts.Gynecologic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the female genitalia.Early Diagnosis: Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.Radiopharmaceuticals: Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)Clinical Competence: The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Cardiac Catheterization: Procedures in which placement of CARDIAC CATHETERS is performed for therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.Surgical Procedures, Elective: Surgery which could be postponed or not done at all without danger to the patient. Elective surgery includes procedures to correct non-life-threatening medical problems as well as to alleviate conditions causing psychological stress or other potential risk to patients, e.g., cosmetic or contraceptive surgery.Physical Examination: Systematic and thorough inspection of the patient for physical signs of disease or abnormality.Serologic Tests: Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.Mass Screening: Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.Angiography: Radiography of blood vessels after injection of a contrast medium.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Radiation Dosage: The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).Catheterization: Use or insertion of a tubular device into a duct, blood vessel, hollow organ, or body cavity for injecting or withdrawing fluids for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It differs from INTUBATION in that the tube here is used to restore or maintain patency in obstructions.Unnecessary Procedures: Diagnostic, therapeutic, and investigative procedures prescribed and performed by health professionals, the results of which do not justify the benefits or hazards and costs to the patient.Catheter Ablation: Removal of tissue with electrical current delivered via electrodes positioned at the distal end of a catheter. Energy sources are commonly direct current (DC-shock) or alternating current at radiofrequencies (usually 750 kHz). The technique is used most often to ablate the AV junction and/or accessory pathways in order to interrupt AV conduction and produce AV block in the treatment of various tachyarrhythmias.Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the gastrointestinal tract.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Stents: Devices that provide support for tubular structures that are being anastomosed or for body cavities during skin grafting.Point-of-Care Systems: Laboratory and other services provided to patients at the bedside. These include diagnostic and laboratory testing using automated information entry.Pleural Effusion: Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.Length of Stay: The period of confinement of a patient to a hospital or other health facility.Radiology, Interventional: Subspecialty of radiology that combines organ system radiography, catheter techniques and sectional imaging.Endosonography: Ultrasonography of internal organs using an ultrasound transducer sometimes mounted on a fiberoptic endoscope. In endosonography the transducer converts electronic signals into acoustic pulses or continuous waves and acts also as a receiver to detect reflected pulses from within the organ. An audiovisual-electronic interface converts the detected or processed echo signals, which pass through the electronics of the instrument, into a form that the technologist can evaluate. The procedure should not be confused with ENDOSCOPY which employs a special instrument called an endoscope. The "endo-" of endosonography refers to the examination of tissue within hollow organs, with reference to the usual ultrasonography procedure which is performed externally or transcutaneously.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Preoperative Care: Care given during the period prior to undergoing surgery when psychological and physical preparations are made according to the special needs of the individual patient. This period spans the time between admission to the hospital to the time the surgery begins. (From Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Reference Values: The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Imaging, Three-Dimensional: The process of generating three-dimensional images by electronic, photographic, or other methods. For example, three-dimensional images can be generated by assembling multiple tomographic images with the aid of a computer, while photographic 3-D images (HOLOGRAPHY) can be made by exposing film to the interference pattern created when two laser light sources shine on an object.Oral Surgical Procedures: Surgical procedures used to treat disease, injuries, and defects of the oral and maxillofacial region.Positron-Emission Tomography: An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)Practice Guidelines as Topic: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.Cost-Benefit Analysis: A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Coronary Angiography: Radiography of the vascular system of the heart muscle after injection of a contrast medium.Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Cross-Sectional Studies: Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.Diagnostic Equipment: Nonexpendable items used in examination.Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.Intraoperative Complications: Complications that affect patients during surgery. They may or may not be associated with the disease for which the surgery is done, or within the same surgical procedure.Radiography, Thoracic: X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.Electrocardiography: Recording of the moment-to-moment electromotive forces of the HEART as projected onto various sites on the body's surface, delineated as a scalar function of time. The recording is monitored by a tracing on slow moving chart paper or by observing it on a cardioscope, which is a CATHODE RAY TUBE DISPLAY.Endoscopy, Digestive System: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the digestive tract.Delayed Diagnosis: Non-optimal interval of time between onset of symptoms, identification, and initiation of treatment.Hysteroscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the interior of the uterus.Ultrasonography, Interventional: The use of ultrasound to guide minimally invasive surgical procedures such as needle ASPIRATION BIOPSY; DRAINAGE; etc. Its widest application is intravascular ultrasound imaging but it is useful also in urology and intra-abdominal conditions.Sequence Analysis, DNA: A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.Data Interpretation, Statistical: Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.Image Enhancement: Improvement of the quality of a picture by various techniques, including computer processing, digital filtering, echocardiographic techniques, light and ultrastructural MICROSCOPY, fluorescence spectrometry and microscopy, scintigraphy, and in vitro image processing at the molecular level.Diagnosis, Oral: Examination of the mouth and teeth toward the identification and diagnosis of intraoral disease or manifestation of non-oral conditions.Thoracic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the thoracic organs, most commonly the lungs and the heart.Ophthalmologic Surgical Procedures: Surgery performed on the eye or any of its parts.Colonoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the luminal surface of the colon.Radiation ProtectionStaining and Labeling: The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.Referral and Consultation: The practice of sending a patient to another program or practitioner for services or advice which the referring source is not prepared to provide.Surgery, Computer-Assisted: Surgical procedures conducted with the aid of computers. This is most frequently used in orthopedic and laparoscopic surgery for implant placement and instrument guidance. Image-guided surgery interactively combines prior CT scans or MRI images with real-time video.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Laboratories: Facilities equipped to carry out investigative procedures.Drainage: The removal of fluids or discharges from the body, such as from a wound, sore, or cavity.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Microbiological Techniques: Techniques used in microbiology.Conscious Sedation: A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)Surgical Procedures, Minor: Surgery restricted to the management of minor problems and injuries; surgical procedures of relatively slight extent and not in itself hazardous to life. (Dorland, 28th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Laparotomy: Incision into the side of the abdomen between the ribs and pelvis.Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted: Methods developed to aid in the interpretation of ultrasound, radiographic images, etc., for diagnosis of disease.Fiber Optic Technology: The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Thoracoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Computer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.Immunologic Tests: Immunologic techniques involved in diagnosis.Probability: The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.Area Under Curve: A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)Iatrogenic Disease: Any adverse condition in a patient occurring as the result of treatment by a physician, surgeon, or other health professional, especially infections acquired by a patient during the course of treatment.Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde: Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.Terminology as Topic: The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Regression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Syndrome: A characteristic symptom complex.Abdominal Pain: Sensation of discomfort, distress, or agony in the abdominal region.Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Software: Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.Prenatal Diagnosis: Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.Statistics as Topic: The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.Physician's Practice Patterns: Patterns of practice related to diagnosis and treatment as especially influenced by cost of the service requested and provided.Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.
In vitro and skin testing for allergy: comparable clinical utility and costs. (1/367)
Controversy exists concerning the appropriate use of skin testing and in vitro testing for the diagnosis of allergy, particularly inhalant allergy. Earlier comparisons of skin testing and in vitro testing concluded that skin testing had superior accuracy at lower expense. In light of new developments with in vitro allergy testing, however, this issue should be reconsidered. A review of the recent scientific literature indicates that in vitro and skin testing are highly correlated. However, without the existence of an independent gold standard for inhalant allergy, it is not possible to determine which test is more accurate. The accuracy of either test can be compromised if conducted using different protocols or having insufficient quality control. Given their respective trajectories for technological advancement, quantification, and quality control, in vitro testing may offer the more standardized approach. Although the cost per test of in vitro testing remains greater than that of skin testing, the per-patient costs of the two modalities appear to be comparable, given the greater number of allergens typically used in skin testing. In summary, both skin testing and in vitro testing are acceptable as frontline diagnostic tools. (+info)Establishment of predictive variables associated with testicular sperm retrieval in men with non-obstructive azoospermia. (2/367)
Although testicular biopsy for sperm extraction is a procedure with a potential for complications, sperm retrieval is successful in 30-70% of patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. In order to predict the probability of retrieving at least one testicular spermatozoon we conducted a prospective study of a set of variables in 40 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia. Using the receiver operating characteristic curves, we determined the probability estimates of testicular volume, plasma follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) concentration, Johnsen score and visualization of testicular spermatids in discriminating between patients with successful and failed testicular sperm extraction. Visualization of testicular spermatids provided the best estimate of success of testicular sperm extraction. Of the factors studied using logistic-regression analysis (age, maternal and paternal age at birth, body mass index, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, FSH, testicular volume, the presence of testicular spermatids and Johnsen score), only the presence of spermatids and Johnsen score were independent variables able to predict the success of testicular sperm extraction. The visualization of the presence of spermatids gave a correct prediction of 77% and Johnsen score of 71%. The diagnostic model derived from these independent predictors when validated in 40 patients using the Jackknife technique gave a correct overall prediction of 87%. The probability of successful testicular sperm extraction in patients with non-obstructive azoospermia could be objectively predicted on the basis of simple histopathological criteria represented by the visualization of testicular spermatids and Johnsen score. (+info)Induced sputum in adolescents with severe stable asthma. Safety and the relationship of cell counts and eosinophil cationic protein to clinical severity. (3/367)
This study examined the safety of sputum induction and the relation between sputum cell counts and clinical parameters in adolescents with severe persistent asthma. Within 5 days, induced sputum and reversibility in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), quality of life, provocative concentration causing a 20% fall in FEV1 (PC20) of adenosine monophosphate and histamine, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, overall asthma severity index, and blood eosinophils were collected in 20 atopic adolescents with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma (12-18 yrs of age, FEV1 65-110% of predicted, on 500-2,000 microg inhaled steroids daily). FEV1 was reversible by 13.3-2.3% pred. After sputum induction, FEV1 was still increased by 9.0+/-2.6% pred as compared to the pre-salbutamol baseline. Sputum contained, median (range): 12.4 (0.4-59.5)% squamous cells, 47.3 (6.8-84.0)% macrophages, 39.0 (4.6-84.8)% neutrophils, 4.8 (1.0-12.4)% lymphocytes, 0.4 (0-10.8)% eosinophils and 3.6 (0-23.4)% bronchial epithelial cells. Sputum eosinophils showed a trend towards a significant association with the overall asthma severity index (r=0.46, p=0.06) and correlated inversely with baseline FEV1 (r=-0.51, p=0.03). In conclusion, sputum can be induced safely in adolescents with moderate-to-severe persistent asthma, if pretreated with beta2-agonists. Despite relatively low sputum eosinophil counts in these patients on inhaled steroids, the association of eosinophil numbers with baseline forced expiratory volume in one second and asthma severity index favours a role of induced sputum in monitoring adolescents with severe asthma. (+info)The basic clinical diagnostic framework synergized. (4/367)
OBJECTIVE: To develop a diagnostic framework that would help defining clinical problems by the expanded understanding with traditional Chinese medicine (C Med) and western medicine (W Med). METHODS: The basic attributes of diagnosis and the use of diagnostic techniques of W Med and C Med are reviewed. Some of the various diagnostic labels and their meanings are also preliminarily reviewed. A consolidatory approach is made to synergize the usefulness of the two disciplines based on the principles of the two schools. RESULTS: A synergized basic diagnostic framework is developed. The disease (the disease diagnosis, [symbol: see text]), the state of the inner core (the core diagnosis, [symbol: see text]) should be defined. The term "systemic clues" is used to describe the symptom complex and conglomerate evidence describing the transient or sustained reaction of the inner core to environment. This is an analytical summary of its pathophysiological changes in reaction to the environmental insults. CONCLUSIONS: The application and use of the framework are discussed and propositions are made. The synergized diagnostic platform represents a starting effort to form a unified basis to exchange clinical diagnosis between W Med and C Med. Such framework may facilitate looking for new treatment modalities and results can be compared across different centres. (+info)Selecting diagnostic tests for ruling out or ruling in disease: the use of the Kullback-Leibler distance. (5/367)
BACKGROUND: To select a proper diagnostic test, it is recommended that the most specific test be used to confirm (rule in) a diagnosis, and the most sensitive test be used to establish that a disease is unlikely (rule out). These rule-in and rule-out concepts can also be characterized by the likelihood ratio (LR). However, previous papers discussed only the case of binary tests and assumed test results already known. METHODS: The author proposes using the 'Kullback-Leibler distance' as a new measure of rule-in/out potential. The Kullback-Leibler distance is an abstract concept arising from statistics and information theory. The author shows that it integrates in a proper way two sources of information--the distribution of test outcomes and the LR function. The index predicts the fate of an average subject before testing. RESULTS: Analysis of real and hypothetical data demonstrates its applications beyond binary tests. It works even when the conventional methods of dichotomization and ROC curve analysis fail. CONCLUSIONS: The Kullback-Leibler distance nicely characterizes the before-test rule-in/out potentials. It offers a new perspective from which to evaluate a diagnostic test. (+info)Synthesis of polyacrylamides N-substituted with PNA-like oligonucleotide mimics for molecular diagnostic applications. (6/367)
Two types of oligonucleotide mimics relative to peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) were tested as probes in nucleic acid hybridisation assays based on polyacrylamide technology. One type of mimic oligomers represented a chimera constructed of PNA and phosphono-PNA (pPNA) monomers, and the other one contained pPNA residues alternating with PNA-like monomers on the base of trans -4-hydroxy-L-proline (HypNA). A chemistry providing efficient and specific covalent attachment of these DNA mimics to acrylamide polymers using a convenient approach based on the co-polymerisation of acrylamide and some reactive acrylic acid derivatives with oligomers bearing 5'- or 3'-terminal acrylamide groups has been developed. A comparative study of polyacrylamide conjugates with oligonucleotides and mimic oligomers demonstrated the suitability and high potential of PNA-pPNA and HypNA-pPNA chimeras as sequence-specific probes in capture and detection of target nucleic acid fragments to serve current forms of DNA arrays. (+info)Effect of a patient's psychiatric history on physicians' estimation of probability of disease. (7/367)
A questionnaire was mailed to 300 Iowa family physicians to determine the influence of a prior psychiatric history on decision making. The response rate was 77%. Respondents were less likely to believe that a patient had serious illness when presenting with a severe headache or abdominal pain if the patient had a prior history of depression ( P <.05) or prior history of somatic complaints ( P <. 05), compared with a patient with no past history. Respondents were less likely to report that they would order testing for a patient with headache or abdominal pain if the patient had a history of depression ( P <.05, P =.08, respectively) or somatic complaints ( P <.01). Differences in likelihood of ordering tests were not significant after adjusting for differences in estimated probability of disease. We conclude that physicians respond differently to patients with psychiatric illness because of their estimation of pretest probability of disease rather than bias. We conclude that past psychiatric history influences physicians' estimation of disease presence and willingness to order tests. (+info)From diagnosis to drug taking: staff compliance with guidelines and patient compliance to prescriptions in Burkina Faso. (8/367)
OBJECTIVE: We studied compliance with guidelines and prescriptions for six steps of the health care process to identify the step with the greatest need for improvement. DESIGN: In a cross-sectional study we used hidden observation in health centres and counting of remaining drugs in home visits. We assessed provider compliance with guidelines for medical history, physical examination, drug choice, and explanation of drug dosing, and patient compliance for drug buying and drug taking. SETTING: The study took place in six rural health centres in Burkina Faso. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: We measured unconditional (UPC), conditional (CPC) and accumulated proportions of compliant procedures (APC). UPC determined the proportion of compliant procedures independent from earlier steps. CPC was defined as the proportion of compliant procedures among those which were compliant in all previous steps. APC was the proportion of procedures compliant in all steps including the step concerned. RESULTS: Twenty-three per cent UPC medical history, 27% UPC (CPC = 39%) clinical examination, 59% (83%) drug choice, 22% (40%) explanation of dosing, 71% (75%) drug buying, and 63% (67%) drug taking compliance. Two per cent of the patients had compliant procedures for all steps of the process (APC). CONCLUSION: The majority of patients did not get treatment compliant with guidelines. Diagnosis had the largest need for improvement. UPC, CPC and APC were useful to identify steps with the greatest need for improvement and to assess quantitatively aspects of quality of care. (+info)
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Upper gastrointestinal seriesThe technique is a double-contrast procedure that allows detailed imaging of the entire small intestine. However, the procedure ... Chernecky, Cynthia; Berger, Barbara (2012). Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. Elsevier Health Sciences. ISBN ... Procedure[edit]. Clinical status and relevant medical history are reviewed prior to the studies.[10] Patient consent is ... Medical diagnostics. Normal barium swallow fluoroscopic image, showing the ingested barium sulfate being induced down the ...
He also invented a diagnostic test for venous hemodynamics. He created a surgical technique for small vessel anastomosis in ... He devised a surgical procedure for vein valve transplantation and a surgical procedure for venous embolectomy. ... Under the guidance of Indian artist B. Gulam Mahammad, Rai learnt the "India Ink Wash work" technique using a brush. The ... Rai is a pioneer in chronic venous disease research.[citation needed] He implemented new techniques for descending phlebography ...
Techniques such as angioplasty, stenting, clot retrieval, embolization, and diagnostic angiography are endovascular procedures. ... Radiology-assisted spine surgery uses minimally-invasive procedures. They include the techniques of vertebroplasty and ... Early forms of neuroanesthesia were found during procedures of trepanning in Southern America, like Peru. In these procedures ... The Incas appear to have practiced a procedure known as trepanation since the late Stone age.[6] During the Middle Ages in ...
More invasive diagnostic techniques are then necessary, posing a greater potential for complications such as pneumothorax.[11] ... ENB (Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy) or EMN bronchoscopy is a medical procedure utilizing electromagnetic technology ... "Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy for small peripheral lung lesions". ersjournals.com.. *^ "IEEE Xplore - Sign ... The overall diagnostic yield found in the present study is superior to rates reported in most previous studies performed for ...
This procedure uses generally lower frequencies than medical diagnostic ultrasound (250-2000 kHz), but significantly higher ... This is accomplished using a technique known as High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU), also called focused ultrasound ... Therapeutic ultrasound refers generally to any type of ultrasonic procedure that uses ultrasound for therapeutic benefit. This ... Ultrasound is essential to the procedures of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy and endovenous laser treatment for the non- ...
"Data Diagnostics Using Second‐Order Tests of Benford's Law". Retrieved 30 August 2014. "Monitoring techniques available to the ... ISBN 978-1-118-15285-0. "Using Benford's Law as an Aid in Analytical Procedures (abstract)". Retrieved 15 September 2014. " ... Mark J. Nigrini (June 2011). Forensic Analytics: Methods and Techniques for Forensic Accounting Investigations. Hoboken, NJ: ... global conference of the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners on Benford's Law and Analytical Fraud Detection Techniques. ...
If severe symptoms persist, more invasive techniques may be required. In spite of the lack of knowledge of the cause of the ... In spite of all the diagnostic tests available today, many pleural effusions remain idiopathic in origin. ... Thoracoscopy has become the mainstay of invasive procedures as closed pleural biopsy has fallen into disuse. ... pH determination and other more esoteric tests are required as diagnostic tools for determining the causes of this abnormal ...
Beyer, K; Teuber, SS (June 2005). "Food allergy diagnostics: scientific and unproven procedures". Current Opinion in Allergy ... "Unorthodox techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of allergy, asthma and immune disorders". Australasian Society of ... Niggemann, B.; Gruber, C. (August 2004). "Unproven diagnostic procedures in IgE-mediated allergic diseases". Allergy. 59 (8): ... March 2008). "Allergy diagnostic testing: an updated practice parameter" (PDF). Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. 100 (3 ...
Bumann A; Lotzmann U (2002). TMJ Disorders and Orofacial Pain: The Role of Dentistry in a Multidisciplinary Diagnostic Approach ... Visualizing the styloid process on a CT scan with 3D reconstruction is the suggested imaging technique.[8] The enlarged styloid ... Because of the proximity of several large vascular structures in this area this procedure should not be considered to be risk ...
Techniques such as angioplasty, stenting, clot retrieval, embolization, and diagnostic angiography are endovascular procedures ... Early forms of neuroanesthesia were found during procedures of trepanning in Southern America, like Peru. In these procedures ... Radiology-assisted spine surgery uses minimally-invasive procedures. They include the techniques of vertebroplasty and ... This procedure is known as a discectomy. Generally once a disc is removed it is replaced by an implant which will create a bony ...
In human use for diagnostic purposes, long-term video-EEG monitoring is a relatively safe procedure compared to other invasive ... For ethical purposes, when used in a laboratory setting for research purposes as opposed to a diagnostic technique on human ... Long-term or "continuous" video-electroencephalography (EEG) monitoring is a diagnostic technique commonly used in patients ... Like standard EEG-testing, long-term video-EEG monitoring techniques developed from techniques in 1875 by Richard Caton in ...
GLOWM video demonstrating forceps delivery technique. *v. *t. *e. Obstetrical surgery and other procedures (ICD-9-CM V3 72-75, ... Technique[edit]. The cervix must be fully dilated and retracted and the membranes ruptured. The urinary bladder should be empty ... These procedures came with various risks to the mother's health along with the death of the baby. However, with the ... the use of forceps and training in the technique of its use has sharply declined. ...
The commonly used diagnostic procedures for skin tumors are fine-needle aspiration cytology and tissue biopsy. Cytology is an ... The biopsy technique used will largely depend on the tumor's size and location. Small masses are usually completely excised and ... Depending on the tumor type and its level of aggressiveness, additional diagnostic tests can include blood tests to assess the ...
Mucosal challenge followed by confocal endomicroscopy is a complementary diagnostic technique, but this technology is not yet ... generally available and remains as an experimental procedure. Evaluating the presence of antigliadin antibodies (AGA) can be a ... could be shown with advanced diagnostic techniques to have celiac disease. Some authors conclude that the presence of ... The definition and diagnostic criteria of non-celiac gluten sensitivity were debated and established by three consensus ...
Both of these procedures can be done in an outpatient setting. Diagnostic imaging techniques for salivary gland tumors include ... More detailed surgical technique and the support for additional adjuvant radiotherapy depends on whether the tumor is malignant ... Tissue sampling procedures include fine needle aspiration (FNA) and core needle biopsy (bigger needle comparing to FNA). ... It is more invasive but is more accurate compared to FNA with diagnostic accuracy greater than 97%. Furthermore, core needle ...
A variety of pre-operative diagnostic procedures have been investigated but none has been established as infallibly reliable. ... Positron emission tomography is becoming the most useful imaging technique. The differential diagnosis of congenital ... Diagnostic efforts then shift to determining the type- elevated ammonia levels or abnormal organic acids can indicate specific ... For some time, the most common surgical procedure was removal of almost all of the pancreas, this cured some infants but not ...
Identification of microfilariae by microscopic examination is a practical diagnostic procedure. Examination of blood samples ... concentration techniques can be used. These include centrifugation of the blood sample lyzed in 2% formalin (Knott's technique ... but more specific diagnostic tests that have been or are currently being development (see: Diagnostics) must to be supported ... A detailed surgical strategy to remove an adult worm is as follows (from a real case in New York City). The 2007 procedure to ...
Identification of microfilariae by microscopic examination is a practical diagnostic procedure. Examination of blood samples ... concentration techniques can be used. These include centrifugation of the blood sample lyzed in 2% formalin (Knott's technique ... Advanced diagnostic methods have been developed since the appearance the SAEs, but more specific diagnostic tests that have ... A detailed surgical strategy to remove an adult worm is as follows (from a real case in New York City). The 2007 procedure to ...
Clinical laboratory sciences are the clinical diagnostic services that apply laboratory techniques to diagnosis and management ... Referrals are made for those patients who required the expertise or procedures performed by specialists. These include both ... Diagnostic radiology is concerned with imaging of the body, e.g. by x-rays, x-ray computed tomography, ultrasonography, and ... Basic diagnostic medical devices (e.g. stethoscope, tongue depressor) are typically used. After examination for signs and ...
Traditional diagnostic procedures for skin cancers involve visual assessment and biopsy, but a new Laser Induced Fluorescence ... the field of biophotonics presents a unique set of diagnostic techniques that medical practitioners can utilize. Biophotonic ... This technique allows for the organizing and sorting of cells, the tracking of the movement of bacteria, and the changing of ... "Among optical techniques, an emerging imaging technology based on laser scanning, the optical coherence tomography or OCT ...
These diagnostic techniques are often performed in combination with general pathology procedures and are themselves often ... Overlap with other diagnostic medicine[edit]. Main articles: Diagnostic medicine, Oncology, Infectious disease, and Medical ... "Diagnostic Molecular Pathology: Current Techniques and Clinical Applications, Part I." Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical ... Incisional biopsies are obtained through diagnostic surgical procedures that remove part of a suspicious lesion, whereas ...
... increasing the diagnostic value of the procedure, as other conditions may simultaneously cause shoulder pain. Arthroscopic ... The technique is not considered appropriate for older people, or those with pre-operative stiffness or nerve injuries. People ... The most common diagnostic tool is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which can sometimes indicate the size of the tear, as well ... The latter may cause less injury to muscle and produce better results.[52] Contemporary techniques now use an all arthroscopic ...
The Robicsek procedure is a single-stage procedure (one surgery only). The purported advantage of this technique is that it is ... Kyphoscoliosis is excluded by diagnostic imaging of the spine, where in pectus excavatum the spine usually appears normal in ... The bar is subsequently removed in a simple out-patient procedure; this technique is thus a two-stage procedure. The Ravitch ... The magnetic mini-mover procedure (3MP) is a technique used to correct pectus excavatum by using two magnets to realign the ...
More invasive diagnostic techniques are then necessary, posing a greater potential for complications such as pneumothorax. ... Upon arriving at the target ENB enables multiple applications all within the same procedure. CT scans of the patient's chest ... The overall diagnostic yield found in the present study is superior to rates reported in most previous studies performed for ... "Electromagnetic navigation diagnostic bronchoscopy for small peripheral lung lesions". ersjournals.com. "IEEE Xplore - Sign In ...
This technique is commonly used in basic science research and laboratory diagnostic purpose. This can be done on tissue section ... The whole procedure can be performed on cells from the blood, bone marrow or spinal fluid in a matter of a few hours. ... This technique allows rapid and easy phenotyping of each cell line in a heterogeneous sample according to the presence or ... Immunophenotyping is a technique used to study the protein expressed by cells. ...
Besides its established role as a diagnostic technique, PET has an expanding role as a method to assess the response to therapy ... Later, the substance was used in dedicated positron tomographic scanners, to yield the modern procedure. ... Bracco Diagnostics, CardioGen-82, 2000 *^ Michael E. Phelps (2006). PET: physics, instrumentation, and scanners. Springer. pp. ... Positron-emission tomography (PET)[1] is a nuclear medicine functional imaging technique that is used to observe metabolic ...
Hysteroscopy, Best Practice in Outpatient (Green-top Guideline No. 59)Outpatient hysteroscopy is an established diagnostic test that is in widespread use across the UK. The procedure involves the ... To minimise pain and discomfort, variations in hysteroscopic equipment, adaptations to the technique and use of pharmacological ... Outpatient hysteroscopy, whether diagnostic or operative, is successful, safe and well tolerated. However, as with any ... Common procedures include endometrial polypectomy, removal of small submucous fibroids, endometrial ablation, removal of lost ...
Interventional Radiology | OSF Little Company of Mary Medical CenterThey adapt a technique proven to work for one problem and apply it to another. ... They offer the most in-depth knowledge of the least invasive treatments available coupled with diagnostic and clinical ... interventional radiologists pioneered the procedures and the standards for safety and quality. ... The Pain Management Clinic is able to assist the patient with assessment, diagnostic testing, arrangement of physical therapy ...
Vascular and Interventional Radiology Fellowship and Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency | Fellowship Programs | Rush...Our fellows are exposed to a wide range of vascular and non-vascular interventional radiology procedures. ... 1-2 rotating diagnostic radiology residents and two post-doctoral research fellows. Our vascular and interventional radiology ... Applicants must have completed a residency in diagnostic radiology and be board-certified or board-eligible in diagnostic ... We have excellent outcomes of peripheral arterial disease and cutting edge procedural techniques in addition to the ...
Interventional Radiology & Endoscopy - Animal Medical Center - New York CityThe Difference Between Diagnostic Radiology, Radiation Therapy and Interventional Radiology. November 15, 2017 ... Our interventional veterinarians refine procedures currently used in people, tailoring the tremendous potential of these ... techniques to treat serious pet maladies. Examples of the disorders treated interventionally here at the AMC include: … ... diagnostic radiology, radiation therapy, and interventional radiology represent three different groups of veterinarians with ...
DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY | Harrison's Cardiovascular Medicine, 3e | AccessCardiology |...In the United States, cardiac catheterization is the second most common operative procedure, with more than one million ... In the 1940s, Cournand and Richards applied this technique to patients with cardiovascular disease to evaluate cardiac function ... "DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY." Harrisons Cardiovascular Medicine, 3e Loscalzo J. Loscalzo J Ed ... Leopold J.A., Faxon D.P. Leopold, Jane A., and David P. Faxon.DIAGNOSTIC CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY. In: ...
Diagnostic techniques and procedures | The Medical Journal of AustraliaKimberly Davis, Bo Remenyi, Anthony DK Draper, Januario Dos Santos, Noel Bayley, Elizabeth Paratz, Benjamin Reeves, Alan Appelbe, Andrew Cochrane, Timothy D Johnson, Laura M Korte, Ivonia M Do Rosario, Inez T Da Silva Almeida, Kathryn V Roberts, Jonathan R Carapetis and Joshua R Francis. ...
What is a cardiac catheterization? | Cardiovascular Diagnostic Techniques & Procedures - SharecareContinue Learning about Cardiovascular Diagnostic Techniques & Procedures. How long will my childs heart catheterization ... Cardiac catheterization is a catheter-based procedure that is usually performed as a diagnostic procedure prior to cardiac ... Cardiac catheterization is a common non-surgical procedure used to help diagnose a heart problem. During the procedure, a ... A heart catheterization, or "cardiac cath," procedure is a procedure where a physician inserts a thi... ...
Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Artery Stenting: Comparative...Several intravascular diagnostic techniques provide detailed information regarding the narrowing (stenosis) of the lumen of ... Home » Products » Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Artery ... Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Stenting: Future Research Needs ... Intravascular Diagnostic Procedures and Imaging Techniques Versus Angiography Alone in Coronary Artery Stenting: Comparative ...
Glossectomy: Pre-Procedure, TechniqueIncreased diagnostic accuracy in extension of soft tissue primary lesion as well as improved accuracy for cervical lymph node ... Pre-Procedure. Background. The tongue is a highly specialized, vital organ of the oral cavity. Resecting a part or all of the ... Technique. Approach. Oncologic resection should include at least 2 cm margin from the macroscopic border of the cancer. Cold ... This technique is contraindicated for tumor extension to periosteum of lingual mandible surface. Larger or total glossectomy ...
Diagnostic Testing Summary. If clinical history and a cognitive screen suggest cognitive impairment, then further diagnostic ... Pre-Procedure. Background. Screening for dementia and other cognitive impairments is increasingly important as our population ... Technique. Approach. Several tools are available for cognitive screening in the physicians office. These tests ideally would ... Post-Procedure. Long-term Monitoring. Once dementia or other cognitive impairment has been diagnosed, re-evaluation at ...
Browsing by Subject "Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures"Browsing by Subject "Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U ... Methods for field trials of malaria rapid diagnostic tests World Health Organization. Regional Office for the Western Pacific ...
How We Diagnose Brain Tumors - Dana-Farber Cancer Institute | Boston, MAImaging techniques and procedures. *CT scan (CAT scan): A procedure that makes a series of detailed pictures of areas inside ... Diagnostic angiogram: A procedure that creates a map of how blood vessels look and the flow of blood in the brain. A contrast ... You may receive an array of standard and unique diagnostic imaging procedures, which will be analyzed by your team for ... Diagnostic imaging. At the Center for Neuro-Oncology, diagnostic imaging is central - before, during, and after treatment. ...
Results of search for su:{Diagnostic techniques and procedures} Refine your search. *Availability * Limit to currently ... Pathways to better diagnostics for tuberculosis : a blueprint for the development of TB diagnostics by the new diagnostics ... Interpretation of diagnostic tests / Jacques Wallach.. by Wallach, Jacques B Edition: 6th ed.Material type: Book; Format: print ... Diagnostic medical parasitology / L. S. García, David A. Bruckner.. by Garcia, Lynne Shore , Bruckner, David A ...
Prevalence and associated factors of scabies among schoolchildren in Dabat district, northwest Ethiopia, 2018 | SpringerLinkSampling technique and procedure. A multistage random sampling technique was used to select study participants in participating ... Diagnostic approach and operational definitions. Scabies. Scabies was diagnosed based on physical examination by experienced ... A total of 494 students selected by a multi-stage sampling technique were included in this study. Scabies was diagnosed by ... Data collection tool and procedure. The data collection tool was prepared by reviewing different literature on similar studies ...
... a difference distinction is made between three techniques: radiography, fluoroscopy and computerized tomography (CT). ... 3. Computed tomography (CT) and other tomographic techniques. CT is a procedure of X-ray diagnostics creating cross-sectional ... computed tomography (CT) and other tomographic techniques.. 1. Radiography. The most frequently used technique is the ... This technique involves soft X-radiation penetrating the body to produce a series of pictures represented on a luminescent ...
Introduction to Body Composition Assessment Using the Deuterium Dilution Technique with Analysis of Saliva Samples by Fourier...Standard Operating Procedures for PET/CT: A Practical Approach for Use in Adult Oncology. ... Justification of Medical Exposure in Diagnostic Imaging. 2012 Standards, Applications and Quality Assurance in Medical ... Introduction to Body Composition Assessment Using the Deuterium Dilution Technique with Analysis of Saliva Samples by Fourier ... Introduction to Body Composition Assessment Using the Deuterium Dilution Technique with Analysis of Saliva Samples by Fourier ...
NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20045506 - Effects of varying case definition on carpal tunnel syndrome prevalence estimates...Diagnostic techniques and procedures; Electrodiagnosis; Prevalence; Rehabilitation; Standards ... Carpal-tunnel-syndrome; Diagnostic-techniques; Extremities; Hand-injuries; Nerve-function; Nerves; Musculoskeletal-system; ...
Skills Performance Checklists for Clinical Nursing Skills & Techniques - 8th EditionTechniques - 8th Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9780323088985, 9780323293921 ... Diagnostic Procedures. Details. No. of pages:. 624 Language:. English Copyright:. © Mosby 2014. ... Techniques, 8th Edition, these handy checklists help you perform each skill and procedure presented in the textbook. By ... Skills Performance Checklists for Clinical Nursing Skills & Techniques 8th Edition. Authors: Anne Perry Patricia Potter Wendy ...
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) in Counseling Psychology - Lynch School of Education and Human Development - Boston College... diagnostic residual analysis techniques; variance partitioning procedures; dummy, effect, and orthogonal coding procedures; and ... Introduces the foundations and techniques of carrying out qualitative research. Topics include philosophical underpinnings, ... parameter estimation techniques; missing data options; power transformations; exploratory versus confirmatory model building; ... and intervention techniques. This course will also address issues relative to diversity in families and couples along with ...
Passive Preventive Maintenance Procedures - Upgrading And Repairing PCs 21st Edition: PC DiagnosticsPassive Preventive Maintenance Procedures Continued * Troubleshooting Tips And Techniques * Troubleshooting: Replacing Parts ... Page 4:Peripheral And Operating System Diagnostics. * Page 5:Commercial Diagnostics Software And Free/User Supported ... Passive Preventive Maintenance Procedures. Passive preventive maintenance involves taking care of the system by providing the ... Upgrading And Repairing PCs 21st Edition: PC Diagnostics. by Bestofmedia Team August 10, 2014 at 12:00 AM. ...
Lymphoscintigraphy as an adjunctive procedure in the perioperative assessment of patients undergoing microlymphaticovenous...COUNTING TECHNIQUES; DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES; DISEASES; DISPERSIONS; DRUGS; ISOTOPES; LABELLED COMPOUNDS; MEDICINE; NUCLEAR ... It is a simple, painless procedure requiring minimal skill and no surgical intervention. In addition, a reproducible method for ... Journal Article: Lymphoscintigraphy as an adjunctive procedure in the perioperative assessment of patients undergoing ... Title: Lymphoscintigraphy as an adjunctive procedure in the perioperative assessment of patients undergoing ...
Skin lesion KOH exam: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaDiagnostic techniques. In: Fitzpatrick JE, High WA, Kyle WL, eds. Urgent Care Dermatology: Symptom-Based Diagnosis. ... Laboratory Tests and Diagnostic Procedures. 6th ed. St Louis, MO: Elsevier Saunders; 2013:898-899. ...
New Diagnostic Procedures. * Introductory Remarks J. F. Goodwin. Pages 164-166 * Myocardial Biopsy Techniques ...
Words to Know | Living Beyond Breast CancerMammograms are one example of a diagnostic procedure.. diagnostic technique. A type of method or test used to help diagnose a ... diagnostic procedure. A specific test or series of steps done to help diagnose a disease or condition. ... Imaging tests and tests to measure blood pressure, pulse and temperature are examples of diagnostic techniques. ... diagnostic mammogram. X-ray of the breasts used to check for breast cancer after a lump or other sign or symptom of breast ...
Medical Xpress - diagnostic techniqueStudy evaluates procedures for diagnosing sarcoidosis. Among patients with suspected stage I/II pulmonary sarcoidosis who were ... Using molecular techniques, researchers improved diagnosis and treatment of cancer. The ABC Medical Center, located in Mexico ... City, implemented various molecular diagnostic methods that can detect the genetic alterations in several types of cancer, so ... undergoing confirmation of the condition via tissue sampling, the use of the procedure known as endosonographic nodal ...
- Patient safety is incorporated into the development of these advances because interventional radiology and diagnostic radiology training programs include radiation safety, radiation physics, the biological effects of radiation and injury prevention. (osfhealthcare.org)
- The section is staffed by six full-time radiologists, three mid-level providers, five clinical IR fellows, 1-2 rotating diagnostic radiology residents and two post-doctoral research fellows. (rush.edu)
- Our fellows are exposed to a wide range of vascular and non-vascular interventional radiology procedures. (rush.edu)
- Applicants must have completed a residency in diagnostic radiology and be board-certified or board-eligible in diagnostic radiology. (rush.edu)
- They offer the most in-depth knowledge of the least invasive treatments available coupled with diagnostic and clinical experience across all specialties. (osfhealthcare.org)
- When it comes to the best practices for safely performing minimally invasive treatments, interventional radiologists pioneered the procedures and the standards for safety and quality. (osfhealthcare.org)
- Advances in endoscopic technology and ancillary instrumentation have facilitated the development of operative hysteroscopic procedures in an outpatient setting with or without the use of local anaesthesia. (rcog.org.uk)
- In the United States, cardiac catheterization is the second most common operative procedure, with more than one million procedures performed annually. (mhmedical.com)
- Diagnostic cardiac catheterization and coronary angiography are considered the gold standard in the assessment of the anatomy and physiology of the heart and its associated vasculature. (mhmedical.com)
- Sones went on to develop selective coronary catheters, which were modified further by Judkins, who developed preformed catheters and allowed coronary artery angiography to gain widespread use as a diagnostic tool. (mhmedical.com)
- We have excellent outcomes of peripheral arterial disease and cutting edge procedural techniques in addition to the endovascular repair of abdominal and thoracic aneurysms. (rush.edu)
- Common procedures include endometrial polypectomy, removal of small submucous fibroids, endometrial ablation, removal of lost intrauterine devices and transcervical sterilisation. (rcog.org.uk)
- Our fellows participate in a wide variety of interventional oncology procedures including radioembolization, chemoembolization, cryoablation ablation, radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, and irreversible electroporation (IRE) ablation. (rush.edu)
- EVLT and sclerotherapy is performed at our outpatient clinic, we also see patients daily for initial evaluation or post-procedure follow up. (rush.edu)
- In the 1940s, Cournand and Richards applied this technique to patients with cardiovascular disease to evaluate cardiac function. (mhmedical.com)
- The Pain Management Clinic is able to assist the patient with assessment, diagnostic testing, arrangement of physical therapy treatments, arrangement of interventional pain treatments and referrals to additional specialists in pursuit of a pain free life. (osfhealthcare.org)
- Outpatient hysteroscopy is an established diagnostic test that is in widespread use across the UK. (rcog.org.uk)
- Outpatient hysteroscopy is indicated primarily in the assessment of women with abnormal uterine bleeding, but is also employed in the diagnostic work-up of reproductive problems. (rcog.org.uk)
- However, as with any procedure requiring instrumentation of the uterus,outpatient hysteroscopy can be associated with significant pain, anxiety and embarrassment. (rcog.org.uk)
