Lung Diseases, Interstitial: A diverse group of lung diseases that affect the lung parenchyma. They are characterized by an initial inflammation of PULMONARY ALVEOLI that extends to the interstitium and beyond leading to diffuse PULMONARY FIBROSIS. Interstitial lung diseases are classified by their etiology (known or unknown causes), and radiological-pathological features.Lung Diseases: Pathological processes involving any part of the LUNG.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Biopsy: Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.Biopsy, Needle: Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.Pulmonary Fibrosis: A process in which normal lung tissues are progressively replaced by FIBROBLASTS and COLLAGEN causing an irreversible loss of the ability to transfer oxygen into the bloodstream via PULMONARY ALVEOLI. Patients show progressive DYSPNEA finally resulting in death.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Cryptogenic Organizing Pneumonia: An interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, occurring between 21-80 years of age. It is characterized by a dramatic onset of a "pneumonia-like" illness with cough, fever, malaise, fatigue, and weight loss. Pathological features include prominent interstitial inflammation without collagen fibrosis, diffuse fibroblastic foci, and no microscopic honeycomb change. There is excessive proliferation of granulation tissue within small airways and alveolar ducts.Lung Transplantation: The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Bronchoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the bronchi.Lung Diseases, Obstructive: Any disorder marked by obstruction of conducting airways of the lung. AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION may be acute, chronic, intermittent, or persistent.Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic: A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.Lung Injury: Damage to any compartment of the lung caused by physical, chemical, or biological agents which characteristically elicit inflammatory reaction. These inflammatory reactions can either be acute and dominated by NEUTROPHILS, or chronic and dominated by LYMPHOCYTES and MACROPHAGES.Thoracoscopy: Endoscopic examination, therapy or surgery of the pleural cavity.Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Washing out of the lungs with saline or mucolytic agents for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. It is very useful in the diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in immunosuppressed patients.Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A common interstitial lung disease of unknown etiology, usually occurring between 50-70 years of age. Clinically, it is characterized by an insidious onset of breathlessness with exertion and a nonproductive cough, leading to progressive DYSPNEA. Pathological features show scant interstitial inflammation, patchy collagen fibrosis, prominent fibroblast proliferation foci, and microscopic honeycomb change.Radiography, Thoracic: X-ray visualization of the chest and organs of the thoracic cavity. It is not restricted to visualization of the lungs.Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid: Washing liquid obtained from irrigation of the lung, including the BRONCHI and the PULMONARY ALVEOLI. It is generally used to assess biochemical, inflammatory, or infection status of the lung.Respiratory Function Tests: Measurement of the various processes involved in the act of respiration: inspiration, expiration, oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, lung volume and compliance, etc.Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung: A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.Pulmonary Alveoli: Small polyhedral outpouchings along the walls of the alveolar sacs, alveolar ducts and terminal bronchioles through the walls of which gas exchange between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood takes place.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Pneumothorax: An accumulation of air or gas in the PLEURAL CAVITY, which may occur spontaneously or as a result of trauma or a pathological process. The gas may also be introduced deliberately during PNEUMOTHORAX, ARTIFICIAL.Sarcoidosis: An idiopathic systemic inflammatory granulomatous disorder comprised of epithelioid and multinucleated giant cells with little necrosis. It usually invades the lungs with fibrosis and may also involve lymph nodes, skin, liver, spleen, eyes, phalangeal bones, and parotid glands.Acute Lung Injury: A condition of lung damage that is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates (PULMONARY EDEMA) rich in NEUTROPHILS, and in the absence of clinical HEART FAILURE. This can represent a spectrum of pulmonary lesions, endothelial and epithelial, due to numerous factors (physical, chemical, or biological).Lung Diseases, Fungal: Pulmonary diseases caused by fungal infections, usually through hematogenous spread.Pneumonia: Infection of the lung often accompanied by inflammation.Cystitis, Interstitial: A condition with recurring discomfort or pain in the URINARY BLADDER and the surrounding pelvic region without an identifiable disease. Severity of pain in interstitial cystitis varies greatly and often is accompanied by increased urination frequency and urgency.Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary: Sarcoidosis affecting predominantly the lungs, the site most frequently involved and most commonly causing morbidity and mortality in sarcoidosis. Pulmonary sarcoidosis is characterized by sharply circumscribed granulomas in the alveolar, bronchial, and vascular walls, composed of tightly packed cells derived from the mononuclear phagocyte system. The clinical symptoms when present are dyspnea upon exertion, nonproductive cough, and wheezing. (Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p431)Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Total Lung Capacity: The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. It is the equivalent to each of the following sums: VITAL CAPACITY plus RESIDUAL VOLUME; INSPIRATORY CAPACITY plus FUNCTIONAL RESIDUAL CAPACITY; TIDAL VOLUME plus INSPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus functional residual capacity; or tidal volume plus inspiratory reserve volume plus EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME plus residual volume.Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias: A group of interstitial lung diseases with no known etiology. There are several entities with varying patterns of inflammation and fibrosis. They are classified by their distinct clinical-radiological-pathological features and prognosis. They include IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY FIBROSIS; CRYPTOGENIC ORGANIZING PNEUMONIA; and others.Bronchiolitis: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES.Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted: Endoscopic surgery of the pleural cavity performed with visualization via video transmission.Solitary Pulmonary Nodule: A single lung lesion that is characterized by a small round mass of tissue, usually less than 1 cm in diameter, and can be detected by chest radiography. A solitary pulmonary nodule can be associated with neoplasm, tuberculosis, cyst, or other anomalies in the lung, the CHEST WALL, or the PLEURA.Fatal Outcome: Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.Interstitial Cells of Cajal: c-Kit positive cells related to SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS that are intercalated between the autonomic nerves and the effector smooth muscle cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT. Different phenotypic classes play roles as pacemakers, mediators of neural inputs, and mechanosensors.Bronchiolitis Obliterans: Inflammation of the BRONCHIOLES leading to an obstructive lung disease. Bronchioles are characterized by fibrous granulation tissue with bronchial exudates in the lumens. Clinical features include a nonproductive cough and DYSPNEA.Vital Capacity: The volume of air that is exhaled by a maximal expiration following a maximal inspiration.Lung Volume Measurements: Measurement of the amount of air that the lungs may contain at various points in the respiratory cycle.Bronchi: The larger air passages of the lungs arising from the terminal bifurcation of the TRACHEA. They include the largest two primary bronchi which branch out into secondary bronchi, and tertiary bronchi which extend into BRONCHIOLES and PULMONARY ALVEOLI.Image-Guided Biopsy: Conducting a biopsy procedure with the aid of a MEDICAL IMAGING modality.Pneumoconiosis: A diffuse parenchymal lung disease caused by inhalation of dust and by tissue reaction to their presence. These inorganic, organic, particulate, or vaporized matters usually are inhaled by workers in their occupational environment, leading to the various forms (ASBESTOSIS; BYSSINOSIS; and others). Similar air pollution can also have deleterious effects on the general population.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Cystic Fibrosis: An autosomal recessive genetic disease of the EXOCRINE GLANDS. It is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CYSTIC FIBROSIS TRANSMEMBRANE CONDUCTANCE REGULATOR expressed in several organs including the LUNG, the PANCREAS, the BILIARY SYSTEM, and the SWEAT GLANDS. Cystic fibrosis is characterized by epithelial secretory dysfunction associated with ductal obstruction resulting in AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; chronic RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS; PANCREATIC INSUFFICIENCY; maldigestion; salt depletion; and HEAT PROSTRATION.Hemoptysis: Expectoration or spitting of blood originating from any part of the RESPIRATORY TRACT, usually from hemorrhage in the lung parenchyma (PULMONARY ALVEOLI) and the BRONCHIAL ARTERIES.Pulmonary Eosinophilia: A condition characterized by infiltration of the lung with EOSINOPHILS due to inflammation or other disease processes. Major eosinophilic lung diseases are the eosinophilic pneumonias caused by infections, allergens, or toxic agents.Eosinophilic Granuloma: The most benign and common form of Langerhans-cell histiocytosis which involves localized nodular lesions predominantly of the bones but also of the gastric mucosa, small intestine, lungs, or skin, with infiltration by EOSINOPHILS.Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: A PULMONARY ALVEOLI-filling disease, characterized by dense phospholipoproteinaceous deposits in the alveoli, cough, and DYSPNEA. This disease is often related to, congenital or acquired, impaired processing of PULMONARY SURFACTANTS by alveolar macrophages, a process dependent on GRANULOCYTE-MACROPHAGE COLONY-STIMULATING FACTOR.Lymphangioleiomyomatosis: A disease characterized by the progressive invasion of SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS into the LYMPHATIC VESSELS, and the BLOOD VESSELS. The majority of the cases occur in the LUNGS of women of child-bearing age, eventually blocking the flow of air, blood, and lymph. The common symptom is shortness of breath (DYSPNEA).Farmer's Lung: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity: The amount of a gas taken up, by the pulmonary capillary blood from the alveolar gas, per minute per unit of average pressure of the gradient of the gas across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Forced Expiratory Volume: Measure of the maximum amount of air that can be expelled in a given number of seconds during a FORCED VITAL CAPACITY determination . It is usually given as FEV followed by a subscript indicating the number of seconds over which the measurement is made, although it is sometimes given as a percentage of forced vital capacity.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Respiratory Insufficiency: Failure to adequately provide oxygen to cells of the body and to remove excess carbon dioxide from them. (Stedman, 25th ed)Radiography, Interventional: Diagnostic and therapeutic procedures that are invasive or surgical in nature, and require the expertise of a specially trained radiologist. In general, they are more invasive than diagnostic imaging but less invasive than major surgery. They often involve catheterization, fluoroscopy, or computed tomography. Some examples include percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous transthoracic biopsy, balloon angioplasty, and arterial embolization.Extracellular Fluid: The fluid of the body that is outside of CELLS. It is the external environment for the cells.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Multiple Pulmonary Nodules: A number of small lung lesions characterized by small round masses of 2- to 3-mm in diameter. They are usually detected by chest CT scans (COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY). Such nodules can be associated with metastases of malignancies inside or outside the lung, benign granulomas, or other lesions.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Asbestosis: A form of pneumoconiosis caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers which elicit potent inflammatory responses in the parenchyma of the lung. The disease is characterized by interstitial fibrosis of the lung, varying from scattered sites to extensive scarring of the alveolar interstitium.Pleural DiseasesPulmonary Emphysema: Enlargement of air spaces distal to the TERMINAL BRONCHIOLES where gas-exchange normally takes place. This is usually due to destruction of the alveolar wall. Pulmonary emphysema can be classified by the location and distribution of the lesions.Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Hypertension, Pulmonary: Increased VASCULAR RESISTANCE in the PULMONARY CIRCULATION, usually secondary to HEART DISEASES or LUNG DISEASES.Diagnostic Techniques, Respiratory System: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the respiratory tract or its organs. It includes RESPIRATORY FUNCTION TESTS.Respiration, Artificial: Any method of artificial breathing that employs mechanical or non-mechanical means to force the air into and out of the lungs. Artificial respiration or ventilation is used in individuals who have stopped breathing or have RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY to increase their intake of oxygen (O2) and excretion of carbon dioxide (CO2).Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive: A disease of chronic diffuse irreversible airflow obstruction. Subcategories of COPD include CHRONIC BRONCHITIS and PULMONARY EMPHYSEMA.Silicotuberculosis: Pulmonary or extrapulmonary infection caused by MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS or nontuberculous mycobacteria in a patient with silicosis.Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Pneumonia, Viral: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by a viral infection.Thoracotomy: Surgical incision into the chest wall.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Early Diagnosis: Methods to determine in patients the nature of a disease or disorder at its early stage of progression. Generally, early diagnosis improves PROGNOSIS and TREATMENT OUTCOME.Dyspnea: Difficult or labored breathing.Connective Tissue Diseases: A heterogeneous group of disorders, some hereditary, others acquired, characterized by abnormal structure or function of one or more of the elements of connective tissue, i.e., collagen, elastin, or the mucopolysaccharides.Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell: A group of disorders resulting from the abnormal proliferation of and tissue infiltration by LANGERHANS CELLS which can be detected by their characteristic Birbeck granules (X bodies), or by monoclonal antibody staining for their surface CD1 ANTIGENS. Langerhans-cell granulomatosis can involve a single organ, or can be a systemic disorder.Prednisolone: A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Pulmonary Medicine: A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM. It is especially concerned with diagnosis and treatment of diseases and defects of the lungs and bronchial tree.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Delayed Diagnosis: Non-optimal interval of time between onset of symptoms, identification, and initiation of treatment.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult: A syndrome characterized by progressive life-threatening RESPIRATORY INSUFFICIENCY in the absence of known LUNG DISEASES, usually following a systemic insult such as surgery or major TRAUMA.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Pulmonary Veno-Occlusive Disease: Pathological process resulting in the fibrous obstruction of the small- and medium-sized PULMONARY VEINS and PULMONARY HYPERTENSION. Veno-occlusion can arise from fibrous proliferation of the VASCULAR INTIMA and VASCULAR MEDIA; THROMBOSIS; or a combination of both.Spirometry: Measurement of volume of air inhaled or exhaled by the lung.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Dermatomyositis: A subacute or chronic inflammatory disease of muscle and skin, marked by proximal muscle weakness and a characteristic skin rash. The illness occurs with approximately equal frequency in children and adults. The skin lesions usually take the form of a purplish rash (or less often an exfoliative dermatitis) involving the nose, cheeks, forehead, upper trunk, and arms. The disease is associated with a complement mediated intramuscular microangiopathy, leading to loss of capillaries, muscle ischemia, muscle-fiber necrosis, and perifascicular atrophy. The childhood form of this disease tends to evolve into a systemic vasculitis. Dermatomyositis may occur in association with malignant neoplasms. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1405-6)Extravascular Lung Water: Water content outside of the lung vasculature. About 80% of a normal lung is made up of water, including intracellular, interstitial, and blood water. Failure to maintain the normal homeostatic fluid exchange between the vascular space and the interstitium of the lungs can result in PULMONARY EDEMA and flooding of the alveolar space.Prenatal Diagnosis: Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.Pneumonia, Pneumocystis: A pulmonary disease in humans occurring in immunodeficient or malnourished patients or infants, characterized by DYSPNEA, tachypnea, and HYPOXEMIA. Pneumocystis pneumonia is a frequently seen opportunistic infection in AIDS. It is caused by the fungus PNEUMOCYSTIS JIROVECII. The disease is also found in other MAMMALS where it is caused by related species of Pneumocystis.Fiber Optic Technology: The technology of transmitting light over long distances through strands of glass or other transparent material.Respiratory Mucosa: The mucous membrane lining the RESPIRATORY TRACT, including the NASAL CAVITY; the LARYNX; the TRACHEA; and the BRONCHI tree. The respiratory mucosa consists of various types of epithelial cells ranging from ciliated columnar to simple squamous, mucous GOBLET CELLS, and glands containing both mucous and serous cells.Fibrosis: Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Granuloma: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.Lung Abscess: Solitary or multiple collections of PUS within the lung parenchyma as a result of infection by bacteria, protozoa, or other agents.Pulmonary Artery: The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Adenocarcinoma, Bronchiolo-Alveolar: A carcinoma thought to be derived from epithelium of terminal bronchioles, in which the neoplastic tissue extends along the alveolar walls and grows in small masses within the alveoli. Involvement may be uniformly diffuse and massive, or nodular, or lobular. The neoplastic cells are cuboidal or columnar and form papillary structures. Mucin may be demonstrated in some of the cells and in the material in the alveoli, which also includes denuded cells. Metastases in regional lymph nodes, and in even more distant sites, are known to occur, but are infrequent. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Fluoroscopy: Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.Pulmonary Edema: Excessive accumulation of extravascular fluid in the lung, an indication of a serious underlying disease or disorder. Pulmonary edema prevents efficient PULMONARY GAS EXCHANGE in the PULMONARY ALVEOLI, and can be life-threatening.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Small Cell Lung Carcinoma: A form of highly malignant lung cancer that is composed of small ovoid cells (SMALL CELL CARCINOMA).Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: A chronic lung disease developed after OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY or mechanical ventilation (VENTILATION, MECHANICAL) usually occurring in certain premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE) or newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME, NEWBORN). Histologically, it is characterized by the unusual abnormalities of the bronchioles, such as METAPLASIA, decrease in alveolar number, and formation of CYSTS.Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein C: A pulmonary surfactant associated protein that plays a role in alveolar stability by lowering the surface tension at the air-liquid interface. It is a membrane-bound protein that constitutes 1-2% of the pulmonary surfactant mass. Pulmonary surfactant-associated protein C is one of the most hydrophobic peptides yet isolated and contains an alpha-helical domain with a central poly-valine segment that binds to phospholipid bilayers.Granuloma, Respiratory Tract: Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Mice, Inbred C57BLExtracellular Space: Interstitial space between cells, occupied by INTERSTITIAL FLUID as well as amorphous and fibrous substances. For organisms with a CELL WALL, the extracellular space includes everything outside of the CELL MEMBRANE including the PERIPLASM and the cell wall.Macrophages, Alveolar: Round, granular, mononuclear phagocytes found in the alveoli of the lungs. They ingest small inhaled particles resulting in degradation and presentation of the antigen to immunocompetent cells.Scleroderma, Systemic: A chronic multi-system disorder of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. It is characterized by SCLEROSIS in the SKIN, the LUNGS, the HEART, the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, the KIDNEYS, and the MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM. Other important features include diseased small BLOOD VESSELS and AUTOANTIBODIES. The disorder is named for its most prominent feature (hard skin), and classified into subsets by the extent of skin thickening: LIMITED SCLERODERMA and DIFFUSE SCLERODERMA.Carcinoma, Small Cell: An anaplastic, highly malignant, and usually bronchogenic carcinoma composed of small ovoid cells with scanty neoplasm. It is characterized by a dominant, deeply basophilic nucleus, and absent or indistinct nucleoli. (From Stedman, 25th ed; Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 3d ed, p1286-7)Glucocorticoids: A group of CORTICOSTEROIDS that affect carbohydrate metabolism (GLUCONEOGENESIS, liver glycogen deposition, elevation of BLOOD SUGAR), inhibit ADRENOCORTICOTROPIC HORMONE secretion, and possess pronounced anti-inflammatory activity. They also play a role in fat and protein metabolism, maintenance of arterial blood pressure, alteration of the connective tissue response to injury, reduction in the number of circulating lymphocytes, and functioning of the central nervous system.Kidney: Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.Biopsy, Fine-Needle: Using fine needles (finer than 22-gauge) to remove tissue or fluid specimens from the living body for examination in the pathology laboratory and for disease diagnosis.RNA, Messenger: RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.Adrenal Cortex HormonesTuberculosis, Pulmonary: MYCOBACTERIUM infections of the lung.Hemosiderosis: Conditions in which there is a generalized increase in the iron stores of body tissues, particularly of liver and the MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTE SYSTEM, without demonstrable tissue damage. The name refers to the presence of stainable iron in the tissue in the form of hemosiderin.Pleural Effusion: Presence of fluid in the pleural cavity resulting from excessive transudation or exudation from the pleural surfaces. It is a sign of disease and not a diagnosis in itself.Respiratory Tract DiseasesFibroblasts: Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.Chest Tubes: Plastic tubes used for drainage of air or fluid from the pleural space. Their surgical insertion is called tube thoracostomy.Pulmonary Surfactants: Substances and drugs that lower the SURFACE TENSION of the mucoid layer lining the PULMONARY ALVEOLI.Immunocompromised Host: A human or animal whose immunologic mechanism is deficient because of an immunodeficiency disorder or other disease or as the result of the administration of immunosuppressive drugs or radiation.Bronchiectasis: Persistent abnormal dilatation of the bronchi.Pneumonia, Bacterial: Inflammation of the lung parenchyma that is caused by bacterial infections.Occupational Diseases: Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.Asthma: A form of bronchial disorder with three distinct components: airway hyper-responsiveness (RESPIRATORY HYPERSENSITIVITY), airway INFLAMMATION, and intermittent AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION. It is characterized by spasmodic contraction of airway smooth muscle, WHEEZING, and dyspnea (DYSPNEA, PAROXYSMAL).Pneumonia, Lipid: Pneumonia due to aspiration or inhalation of various oily or fatty substances.Therapeutic Irrigation: The washing of a body cavity or surface by flowing water or solution for therapy or diagnosis.Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury: Lung damage that is caused by the adverse effects of PULMONARY VENTILATOR usage. The high frequency and tidal volumes produced by a mechanical ventilator can cause alveolar disruption and PULMONARY EDEMA.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Bird Fancier's Lung: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled avian antigens, usually proteins in the dust of bird feathers and droppings.Polymyositis: Diseases characterized by inflammation involving multiple muscles. This may occur as an acute or chronic condition associated with medication toxicity (DRUG TOXICITY); CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES; infections; malignant NEOPLASMS; and other disorders. The term polymyositis is frequently used to refer to a specific clinical entity characterized by subacute or slowly progressing symmetrical weakness primarily affecting the proximal limb and trunk muscles. The illness may occur at any age, but is most frequent in the fourth to sixth decade of life. Weakness of pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles, interstitial lung disease, and inflammation of the myocardium may also occur. Muscle biopsy reveals widespread destruction of segments of muscle fibers and an inflammatory cellular response. (Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp1404-9)Administration, Inhalation: The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.Aspergillosis: Infections with fungi of the genus ASPERGILLUS.Lymphomatoid Granulomatosis: An angiocentric and angiodestructive lymphoproliferative disorder primarily involving the lungs. It is caused by an Epstein-Barr virus-induced transformation of the B-cells, in a T-cell rich environment. Clinically and pathologically it resembles EXTRANODAL NK-T-CELL LYMPHOMA.Epithelial Cells: Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.Immunosuppressive Agents: Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn: A condition of the newborn marked by DYSPNEA with CYANOSIS, heralded by such prodromal signs as dilatation of the alae nasi, expiratory grunt, and retraction of the suprasternal notch or costal margins, mostly frequently occurring in premature infants, children of diabetic mothers, and infants delivered by cesarean section, and sometimes with no apparent predisposing cause.Lung Diseases, Parasitic: Infections of the lungs with parasites, most commonly by parasitic worms (HELMINTHS).Pneumonectomy: The excision of lung tissue including partial or total lung lobectomy.Pulmonary Circulation: The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.Blood Gas Analysis: Measurement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Bleomycin: A complex of related glycopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces verticillus consisting of bleomycin A2 and B2. It inhibits DNA metabolism and is used as an antineoplastic, especially for solid tumors.Diagnostic Errors: Incorrect diagnoses after clinical examination or technical diagnostic procedures.Diagnosis: The determination of the nature of a disease or condition, or the distinguishing of one disease or condition from another. Assessment may be made through physical examination, laboratory tests, or the likes. Computerized programs may be used to enhance the decision-making process.Mucin-1: Carbohydrate antigen elevated in patients with tumors of the breast, ovary, lung, and prostate as well as other disorders. The mucin is expressed normally by most glandular epithelia but shows particularly increased expression in the breast at lactation and in malignancy. It is thus an established serum marker for breast cancer.Sputum: Material coughed up from the lungs and expectorated via the mouth. It contains MUCUS, cellular debris, and microorganisms. It may also contain blood or pus.Biopsy, Large-Core Needle: The use of needles usually larger than 14-gauge to remove tissue samples large enough to retain cellular architecture for pathology examination.Prednisone: A synthetic anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid derived from CORTISONE. It is biologically inert and converted to PREDNISOLONE in the liver.Methylprednisolone: A PREDNISOLONE derivative with similar anti-inflammatory action.Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Pulmonary Gas Exchange: The exchange of OXYGEN and CARBON DIOXIDE between alveolar air and pulmonary capillary blood that occurs across the BLOOD-AIR BARRIER.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Respiratory Mechanics: The physical or mechanical action of the LUNGS; DIAPHRAGM; RIBS; and CHEST WALL during respiration. It includes airflow, lung volume, neural and reflex controls, mechanoreceptors, breathing patterns, etc.Emphysema: A pathological accumulation of air in tissues or organs.Collagen Diseases: Historically, a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, progressive systemic sclerosis, dermatomyositis, etc. This classification was based on the notion that "collagen" was equivalent to "connective tissue", but with the present recognition of the different types of collagen and the aggregates derived from them as distinct entities, the term "collagen diseases" now pertains exclusively to those inherited conditions in which the primary defect is at the gene level and affects collagen biosynthesis, post-translational modification, or extracellular processing directly. (From Cecil Textbook of Medicine, 19th ed, p1494)Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction: A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.Silicosis: A form of pneumoconiosis resulting from inhalation of dust containing crystalline form of SILICON DIOXIDE, usually in the form of quartz. Amorphous silica is relatively nontoxic.Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay: An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.Collagen: A polypeptide substance comprising about one third of the total protein in mammalian organisms. It is the main constituent of SKIN; CONNECTIVE TISSUE; and the organic substance of bones (BONE AND BONES) and teeth (TOOTH).Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Infant, Premature, DiseasesMice, Inbred BALB CAirway Obstruction: Any hindrance to the passage of air into and out of the lungs.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Embolism, Air: Blocking of a blood vessel by air bubbles that enter the circulatory system, usually after TRAUMA; surgical procedures, or changes in atmospheric pressure.Bronchitis: Inflammation of the large airways in the lung including any part of the BRONCHI, from the PRIMARY BRONCHI to the TERTIARY BRONCHI.Infant, Premature: A human infant born before 37 weeks of GESTATION.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Neutrophils: Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Phenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Asbestos: Asbestos. Fibrous incombustible mineral composed of magnesium and calcium silicates with or without other elements. It is relatively inert chemically and used in thermal insulation and fireproofing. Inhalation of dust causes asbestosis and later lung and gastrointestinal neoplasms.Aerosols: Colloids with a gaseous dispersing phase and either liquid (fog) or solid (smoke) dispersed phase; used in fumigation or in inhalation therapy; may contain propellant agents.Hyperoxia: An abnormal increase in the amount of oxygen in the tissues and organs.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted: Application of computer programs designed to assist the physician in solving a diagnostic problem.Carcinoma, Lewis Lung: A carcinoma discovered by Dr. Margaret R. Lewis of the Wistar Institute in 1951. This tumor originated spontaneously as a carcinoma of the lung of a C57BL mouse. The tumor does not appear to be grossly hemorrhagic and the majority of the tumor tissue is a semifirm homogeneous mass. (From Cancer Chemother Rep 2 1972 Nov;(3)1:325) It is also called 3LL and LLC and is used as a transplantable malignancy.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Noninvasive Ventilation: Techniques for administering artificial respiration without the need for INTRATRACHEAL INTUBATION.Histiocytes: Macrophages found in the TISSUES, as opposed to those found in the blood (MONOCYTES) or serous cavities (SEROUS MEMBRANE).Immunoenzyme Techniques: Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Heart-Lung Transplantation: The simultaneous, or near simultaneous, transference of heart and lungs from one human or animal to another.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
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SurgicalPneumoniasRespiratorySystemicForms of interstitial lung diBronchoalveolar lavageSacsFibroticTransbronchial biopsyShortnessBronchiolitisVideo-assisted thoracoscopicPatientsDyspneaInterstitiumRadiologicalParenchymalDisordersTransplantationKnown causes of interstitial lung diOxygenHistologicalOpacitiesCases of interstitial lung diseasesRestrictive lung diCoughSymptoms of interstitial lung diDevelopment of interstitial lung diAutoimmuneCracklesDevelop interstitial lung diAlveoliSarcoidosisSeverePatternsPulmonary function
Surgical33
- Surgical biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- Surgical lung biopsy: Surgery used in some cases to diagnose the type of lung disease. (massgeneral.org)
- Surgical lung biopsy may then be required to confirm the diagnosis. (medscape.com)
- A diagnosis of IPF requires that your doctor cannot find a cause and the presence of a pattern of UIP on either HRCT or a surgical lung biopsy sample. (pulmonaryfibrosis.org)
- When patients suspected to have IPF do not have the definitive UIP pattern on HRCT images, international guidelines recommend a surgical lung biopsy to make a confident diagnosis of IPF in such patients. (eurekalert.org)
- Surgical lung biopsy is associated with substantial risks and many patients are too elderly, sick, and/or have comorbid conditions to tolerate the invasive procedure", explains Professor Ganesh Raghu from the University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, USA who led the research. (eurekalert.org)
- According to Raghu, "Our findings suggest that when a team of multidisciplinary experts in interstitial lung disease at a regional center (that includes a chest radiologist and a pulmonologist) work together to interpret possible UIP pattern on high-resolution CT in a patient suspected to have IPF, surgical lung biopsy might not be necessary to reach a diagnosis of IPF. (eurekalert.org)
- Surgical biopsy of abdominal wall skin and subcutaneous fat was also performed, which showed the apple-green birefringence with polarized light on Congo red stain was demonstrated in dermis. (springer.com)
- However, no comparison with surgical lung biopsy (SLB) in the same patient is available. (hindawi.com)
- The surgical biopsy changed the pathological diagnosis into a UIP pattern in five patients and confirmed a NSIP pattern in one patient. (hindawi.com)
- However, surgical biopsies, performed as a second step after TBLCs because of an indefinite diagnosis or a NSIP pattern, provide additional information supporting the interest of a sequential approach in these patients. (hindawi.com)
- In the other cases, if a lung biopsy is required, a surgical lung biopsy (SLB) is recommended as conventional transbronchial biopsy using forceps provides generally too small specimens to bring information in the diagnosis of the majority of DPLDs [ 1 , 2 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Diagnosis requires HRCT and in some cases surgical lung biopsy. (merckmanuals.com)
- According to the current classification of interstitial lung disease and guidelines, the surgical lung biopsy is recommended and is considered to be the best way of obtaining a representative lung specimen. (lww.com)
- Surgical lung biopsy may be required for diagnosis when the radiographic appearance is not typical. (neurologyadvisor.com)
- The COLDICE Study (Cryobiopsy versus Open Lung biopsy in the Diagnosis of Interstitial lung disease allianCE) aims to evaluate the agreement between TBLC and surgical lung biopsy sampled concurrently from the same patients, for both histopathological and multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) diagnoses. (bmj.com)
- Methods and analysis This comparative, multicentre, prospective trial is enrolling patients with ILD requiring surgical lung biopsy to aid with their diagnosis. (bmj.com)
- Participants are consented for both video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical (VATS) biopsy and TBLC within the same anaesthetic episode. (bmj.com)
- Patient selection was made by a review of the medical records of all patients who had received a histologic diagnosis of NSIP on the basis of surgical lung biopsy between 1992 and 2006. (bmj.com)
- 4) We required surgical lung biopsy as part of our gold standard multi-disciplinary discussion-based diagnosis of HP given the lack of universally accepted non-histopathological criteria in this clinical scenario. (bmj.com)
- In the 64% of patients without surgical lung biopsy, the most common major criterion not fulfilled was bronchoscopy. (nih.gov)
- As Prof. Ganesh Raghu, who led the research behind the new study, explains: "Surgical lung biopsy is associated with substantial risks and many patients are too elderly, sick, and/or have comorbid conditions to tolerate the invasive procedure. (flistnews.com)
- Previously, in the absence of surgical lung biopsy (SLB), the presence of all four major criteria and three out of four minor criteria were required in order to determine that the diagnosis was consistent with IPF [ 1 , 10 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- In this retrospective cohort study, we included all patients in a single tertiary hospital with diagnosis of idiopathic NSIP by lung biopsy (transbronchial or surgical) from April 2010 to December 2018, with a minimum follow-up of 6 months, in which there was also a multidisciplinary discussion. (elsevier.es)
- CASE PRESENTATION: In this report we describe clinical, pathologic, and mineralogic findings in seven previously healthy responders who were exposed to WTC dust on either 11 September or 12 September 2001, who developed severe respiratory impairment or unexplained radiologic findings and underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgical lung biopsy procedures at Mount Sinai Medical Center. (cdc.gov)
- We excluded the most common oxygen dependent respiratory diseases, after surgical treatment of congenital heart disease: cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, recurrent aspiration, immunodeficiency and neuromuscular disorders. (bmj.com)
- Lung biopsy (surgical or bronchoscopic) shows excessive proliferation of granulation tissue within small airways and alveolar ducts, with chronic inflammation in the surrounding alveoli. (msdmanuals.com)
- Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage and/or surgical lung biopsy may be recommended. (bvsalud.org)
- Surgical lung biopsy is required for confirmation of the diagnosis. (msdmanuals.com)
- The Advanced Bronchoscopy Center, a part of the University of Chicago Center for Advanced Lung Diseases, is a regional leader in using this state-of-the-art technology to reach lesions that previously were only accessible through surgical means -- or could not be reached at all. (uchospitals.edu)
- This is a non-surgical alternative to more traditional options for reaching into the bronchial tree, such as a mediastinoscopy procedure (which requires an incision in the throat to insert the scope), CT-guided biopsy, or open chest surgery. (uchospitals.edu)
- In other cases a surgical lung biopsy is obtained. (spotidoc.com)
- A surgical lung biopsy is the standard in such cases. (pulmccm.org)
Pneumonias9
- The idiopathic interstitial pneumonias are a subset of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) with unknown etiology that are classified based on specific radiologic and histologic patterns. (medscape.com)
- See also Overview of Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias . (merckmanuals.com)
- The American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society (ATS/ERS) guidelines classify COP as one of the major idiopathic interstitial pneumonias, distinct from the chronic fibrosing interstitial pneumonias. (neurologyadvisor.com)
- 1 The multidisciplinary workshop 2 showed that there is a consensus among experts that idiopathic NSIP is a distinct clinical entity with characteristic clinical, radiologic and pathologic features that differ from other idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIPs). (bmj.com)
- An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Statement: Update of the International Multidisciplinary Classification of the Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias. (msdmanuals.com)
- 3 Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. (docplayer.net)
- 10 Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias 1. (docplayer.net)
- 19 Idiopathic Interstitial Pneumonias 1. (docplayer.net)
- These disorders are also called the chronic interstitial pneumonias. (rarediseases.org)
Respiratory21
- Pulmonary tumor embolism occurs when cell clusters travel from primary malignancies through venous circulation to the lungs, causing respiratory failure through inflammatory and venoocclusive pathways. (hindawi.com)
- Herein, we bridge a patient who presented in acute respiratory failure to the diagnosis of pulmonary tumor embolism from a gastric signet-ring cell carcinoma using ECLS modalities including venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and centrally cannulated Novalung pumpless extracorporeal lung assist. (hindawi.com)
- Equine viral arteritis produces respiratory disease, vasculitis, and abortion. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Noninfectious respiratory disease is a common, performance-limiting condition that affects adult horses of various ages. (merckvetmanual.com)
- Some forms of interstitial lung disease lead to irreversible scarring and respiratory failure. (medicinenet.com)
- It is differentiated from Respiratory Bronchiolitis-associated Lung Disease (RB-ILD) by the fact that DIP affects the lung in a uniform diffuse pattern and is not focused in the bronchioles. (advanceweb.com)
- In 2011, the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS), the Japanese Respiratory Society (JRS) and the Latin-American Thoracic Society (ALAT) issued an official joint statement providing guidance for the diagnosis and management of IPF [ 2 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- Archivos de Bronconeumologia (http: www.archbronconeumol.org) publishes original studies whose content is based upon results dealing with several aspects of respiratory diseases such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinics, surgery, and basic investigation. (archbronconeumol.org)
- In patients with respiratory symptoms and agricultural occupational exposure, radiological, lung function and/or anatomical pathology findings must be compatible with FLD, bronchoalveolar lavage must show lymphocytosis, and tests must find sensitivity to the antigen. (archbronconeumol.org)
- Open Respiratory Archives is a new online only, open access, peer reviewed journal that publishes original studies whose content is based upon results dealing with several aspects of respiratory diseases such as epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinics, surgery and basic investigation. (elsevier.es)
- Introduction Interstitial lung disease in infants represents a heterogeneous group of diffuse pneumopathies causing chronic respiratory symptoms, associated with high mortality and morbidity. (bmj.com)
- Conclusion We presented a case of an infant with chronic respiratory failure, apparently secondary to congenital heart disease and recurrent bronchiolitis. (bmj.com)
- Genetic mutations affecting proteins required for normal surfactant protein function are a rare cause of respiratory disease. (bmj.com)
- The genes identified that cause respiratory disease are surfactant protein B, surfactant protein C, ATP binding cassette number A3 and thyroid transcription factor-1. (bmj.com)
- Presentation may be in a full-term neonate with acute and progressive respiratory distress with a high mortality or later in childhood or adulthood with signs and symptoms of interstitial lung disease. (bmj.com)
- His respiratory symptoms continued to worsen requiring him to use continuous oxygen of 2-4 litres. (ovid.com)
- Both patients presented in the neonatal period with respiratory distress, radiologic findings of interstitial pulmonary edema and later development of bilateral chylothoraces and chronic respiratory failure. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- A full term male with uncomplicated prenatal course, presented with progressive respiratory distress and cyanosis after birth, requiring high oxygen intubation and mechanical ventilation. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- Extrinsic Disorders Diseases of the pleura, thoracic cage, decrease compliance of respiratory system. (spotidoc.com)
- Thus, HP usually presents itself as an occupational respiratory disease. (worldallergy.org)
- 0.7% of all work-related respiratory disease. (cdc.gov)
Systemic15
- IgG4 sclerosing disease is a steroid-responsive systemic sclerosing disease that may involve thoracic structures with or without extrathoracic organ involvement. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- Look for extrapulmonary evidence of a systemic disease including joint deformities, skin tightness, telangiectasia, petechial hemorrhages, rash and mechanical hands signs of CTD. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Autoantibodies to MDA5 and PM-Scl (an antibody prevalent in polymyositis/systemic scleroderma overlap) are also associated with interstitial lung disease. (myositis.org)
- Although LAMP occurs sporadically in patients without evidence of systemic genetic disease (sporadic LAMP), it also occurs in up to forty percent of women with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC-LAM) [ 2 ]. (omicsonline.org)
- Sarcoidosis is a systemic granulomatous disease of unclear etiology with characteristic pulmonary lesions. (umn.edu)
- Less common causes of AIN include infections such as Legionella, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Streptococcus and many autoimmune systemic diseases including sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and Sjogrens. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Systemic symptoms of allergic interstitial nephritis may include fever, nausea and malaise. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Elderly patients are more likely to have drug induced AIN especially with penicillins, as opposed to AIN from autoimmune or systemic diseases. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Serum S100A12 levels: Possible association with skin sclerosis and interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis (SSc). (sclero.org)
- Comparative analysis of affected and unaffected areas of systemic sclerosis (SSc) skin biopsies by high-throughput proteomic approaches. (sclero.org)
- High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) of the skin in systemic sclerosis (SSc): an exploratory study to examine correlation with disease activity and to define the minimally detectable difference. (sclero.org)
- Differential diagnoses include systemic venous obstruction/systemic venous hypertension and intraoperative damage to the lymphatic vessels. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- ABSTRACT Pulmonary disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). (healthdocbox.com)
- In this multi systemic disease, survival of the patient is very poor even after improvement. (pulsepakistan.com)
- Recurrent or chronic cough and/or dyspnea with or without systemic symptoms should alert the physician to the diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
Forms of interstitial lung di1
- The various forms of interstitial lung disease (ILD) can be impossible to tell apart without a biopsy. (pulmccm.org)
Bronchoalveolar lavage5
- Diagnostic testing may also include blood tests, bronchoalveolar lavage, and lung biopsy. (howstuffworks.com)
- Cf Cf Bronchoalveolar lavage, Transbronchial biopsy. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Bronchoalveolar lavage is a procedure in which a tube is passed down the throat into the lungs and a sample of fluid withdrawn and tested. (myositis.org)
- and 4) transbronchial lung biopsy (TBB) or bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) showing no features to support an alternative diagnosis. (ersjournals.com)
- Using BAL Cellular Analysis in Interstitial Lung Disease The role of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) in diagnosing and managing patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) has always been uncertain and controversial. (pulmccm.org)
Sacs5
- A broad category of over 200 lung diseases that affect the lung interstitium (walls of the air sacs of the lung). (pulmonaryfibrosis.org)
- Interstitial lung disease includes a group of diseases that have thickening of the supporting tissues between the air sacs of the lungs . (medicinenet.com)
- 2. The walls of the air sacs in the lung become inflamed. (digitalnaturopath.com)
- The airways, air sacs, outer aspect of the lungs, and the blood vessels may be affected as well. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- The interstitium supports the alveoli or tiny air sacs in the lungs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Fibrotic7
- Our data suggest high levels of αvβ6 integrin may identify a specific endotype of progressive fibrotic lung disease. (ersjournals.com)
- There is considerable interest in defining endotypes of progressive fibrotic ILD both to understand disease progression and to facilitate stratified treatment design. (ersjournals.com)
- In future, combination of high-resolution CT with new noninvasive biomarkers and functional imaging could be used to better define phenotypes of fibrotic interstitial lung disease. (eurekalert.org)
- Certain medications are capable of provoking inflammatory and fibrotic reactions in the lung (amiodarone, nitrofurantoin, and bleomycin). (mountsinai.org)
- It has been suggested that altered AP3B1 gene product within alveolar epithelial type II cells leads to defective intracellular processing of surfactant proteins B and C (SP-B, SP-C), endoplasmic reticulum-stress, apoptosis, and a fibrotic lung phenotype [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In advanced lung disease fibrotic changes are seen. (spotidoc.com)
- In 2014, 2 antifibrotic medications were approved in the United States that target the multiple fibrotic pathways of UIP, which increased the need for early and accurate diagnosis of IPF. (jabfm.org)
Transbronchial biopsy2
- As a consequence, the diagnostic usefulness (and the possibility of identifying a UIP pattern) of transbronchial cryobiopsy clearly exceeds that of conventional transbronchial biopsy obtained with forceps [ 9 - 14 ]. (hindawi.com)
- In a transbronchial biopsy, forceps pass through the bronchoscope to obtain the specimen. (thefreedictionary.com)
Shortness7
- The most common symptoms of interstitial lung disease are a dry cough and shortness of breath . (medicinenet.com)
- It is often difficult to make a diagnosis from symptoms alone, since so many lung diseases can present with shortness of breath and cough. (medicinenet.com)
- Shortness of breath affects the breathing passages and the lungs, the heart, or blood vessels. (medicinenet.com)
- A handout on this topic is available at http://familydoctor.org/familydoctor/en/diseases-conditions/shortness-of-breath.html . (aafp.org)
- 2 When shortness of breath is greater than expected for a given level of exertion, it is considered pathologic and a symptom of disease. (aafp.org)
- The common signs of interstitial lung disease are shortness of breath and dry cough. (hubpages.com)
- The most serious form of KS is in the lungs, where it can cause a serious cough, shortness of breath, or an accumulation of fluid that can be fatal. (thebody.com)
Bronchiolitis3
- LIP and follicular bronchiolitis often present as diffuse parenchymal lung diseases, mimicking interstitial lung disease. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- Common variable immune deficiency: these individuals may develop follicular bronchiolitis as part of the syndrome of granulomatous lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) in which LIP, follicular bronchiolitis, and poorly formed granulomas are seen histologically. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- Follicular bronchiolitis may occur without associated diseases (idiopathic), or as a secondary pathologic finding in other lung diseases. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
Video-assisted thoracoscopic1
- We report a rare case of diffuse parenchymal pulmonary amyloidosis associated with MM diagnosed by video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy (VATLB). (springer.com)
Patients73
- Studies of biopsies from patients with IPF have assessed whether the fibroblastic foci correlate with reduced survival but the results have not been conclusive [ 7 , 8 ], and molecular phenotyping for transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signalling molecules did not show any relationship to survival [ 9 ]. (ersjournals.com)
- Sarcoid is also characterised by granulomatous involvement of the lung and therefore patients being investigated for sarcoid should have serum immunoglobulins measured to exclude CVID. (wikipedia.org)
- Because of the association with poorer outcomes, and because some patients develop advanced lung disease, most specialists now recommend treatment in early disease, but this is always an individual decision between patient and health-care team. (wikipedia.org)
- In a cohort of 59 CVID patients with granulomatous disease, 30 (51%) of whom had lung involvement, complete remission of disease was obtained in 5 of 25 attempts using corticosteroids (three patients), methotrexate (1 patient) and cyclophosphamide (1 patient). (wikipedia.org)
- When the disease is not associated with HIV infection, women are affected twice as often as men are, and patients of either gender are most often Caucasian. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- [ 1 ] The disease process is limited to the lung and usually occurs in patients 60 years old and older. (medscape.com)
- In approximately two thirds of patients presenting with dyspnea, the underlying cause is cardiopulmonary disease. (aafp.org)
- however, many other patients will require a thorough diagnostic evaluation to establish the underlying cause. (aafp.org)
- This article reviews the salient features of the history, physical examination, laboratory testing, office spirometry, and imaging in patients with dyspnea, as well as more specialized testing that is required if the cause remains unexplained after initial evaluation. (aafp.org)
- A randomized controlled trial has found that cryoprobes, which are tools that apply extreme cold to tissues, are better than conventional forceps for performing so-called transbronchial lung biopsies in patients who are being assessed for certain lung conditions. (eurekalert.org)
- Anti-inflammatory medications are commonly prescribed to patients with interstitial lung disease as well. (mesotheliomasymptoms.com)
- A Yugoslavian study of six non-smoking asbestos exposure patients showed that interstitial lung disease could be detected early through tests of the flow rate of air through bronchioles and high resolution CT scans. (mesotheliomasymptoms.com)
- Based on American Thoracic Society spirometry categories, [ 13 , 14 ] 2% of patients showed physiologic obstruction at baseline (all with ongoing asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at baseline) and 6% were potentially restricted. (medscape.com)
- In this retrospective study of 315 patients aged 40 years and older with little or no (5% or less) honeycombing on high resolution CT, 79 (94%) of 84 patients who had a high-resolution pattern of possible UIP diagnosed by an expert radiologist and pathologist had histopathological UIP confirmed after analysis of lung biopsy samples. (eurekalert.org)
- Unfortunately, many patients do not receive lung biopsies. (rxpgnews.com)
- As a result, about one-third of patients who come to our clinic have previously been misdiagnosed, and many have been treated with the wrong medications," explained James Dauber, M.D., medical director of the University of Pittsburgh's Dorothy P. and Richard P. Simmons Center for Interstitial Lung Disease, and professor of medicine, division of pulmonary, allergy and critical care medicine. (rxpgnews.com)
- Cystic abnormality (honeycombing) occurs in all patients and increases with advanced disease. (merckmanuals.com)
- therefore, only few patients undergo such biopsy. (lww.com)
- Ventilation/perfusion lung scanning should be done in patients with unexplained pulmonary hypertension to exclude chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. (aafp.org)
- Whether disease expression is confined to mild articular manifestations or manifests as severe, multisystem disease, our current understanding demands that patients receive early and aggressive therapy. (clevelandclinicmeded.com)
- Patients with these conditions require specific medical attention, close follow-up, and associated services to optimize management of the disease and patient's well -being and quality of life. (mountsinai.org)
- We provide exceptional care to patients through the application of advanced multidisciplinary conference and approaches to accurate diagnosis and management of IPF and ILD. (mountsinai.org)
- Rheumatologists and general practitioners have a shared responsibility for the care of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients taking disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). (medsafe.govt.nz)
- As the potential for damage is greatest in the early stages of the disease, it is recommended that all patients with suspected RA be referred to a rheumatologist for assessment within three months of first developing symptoms. (medsafe.govt.nz)
- Relapse of disease with steroid taper is common with the initial course of therapy, however patients tend to respond to retreatment with corticosteroids, and slower tapers may be required. (neurologyadvisor.com)
- Patients with CTD who develop pulmonary symptoms should undergo testing to assess the severity of their disease (pulse oximetry, pulmonary function tests [PFTs]) as well as tests to determine the etiology. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Use of chemotherapy in patients with inflammatory diseases poses similar diagnostic challenges. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- Demographics, diagnostic criteria, pulmonary function data, and disposition of patients with IPF evaluated at an interstitial lung disease center between 2000 and 2009 were analyzed. (nih.gov)
- Lung transplantation was performed in 16.1% of patients, whereas 27.4% of prescreened patients were enrolled in a prospective drug study. (nih.gov)
- Researchers estimate that 30-40% of myositis patients have some form of lung disease. (myositis.org)
- Of those patients who have interstitial lung disease, about 75% have anti-Jo-1 antibodies. (myositis.org)
- Of those who have interstitial lung disease, the disease seems to be worse in African American patients versus Caucasian patients. (myositis.org)
- Autoantibody blood tests can not only confirm a diagnosis of myositis, but the presence of an antisynthetase antibody can identify patients who are at risk for developing interstitial lung disease. (myositis.org)
- The researchers knew that the experts' diagnoses were accurate, as they also had access to results of the patients' biopsies. (flistnews.com)
- Case report: lung disease in World Trade Center responders exposed to dust and smoke: carbon nanotube s found in the lungs of World Trade Center patients and dust samples. (cdc.gov)
- Patients who are administered itraconazole as treatment are typically at which of the following stages of this disease? (msdmanuals.com)
- Mechanical ventilation should only be offered in select cases, most notably patients with reversible processes or those considered candidates for lung transplantation. (bvsalud.org)
- More than half of scleroderma patients have some kind of interstitial lung disease (ILD), and this is currently the leading cause of death due to the disease itself. (bvsalud.org)
- Given the fact that some ILD patients will remain stable and because of the lack of a really effective and risk free treatment, immunosuppressive therapy is generally reserved for patients with extensive and / or progressive disease. (bvsalud.org)
- All patients should have complete pulmonary function testing including spirometry, lung volumes and diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide (DLCO) performed during their initial presentation. (pulmccm.org)
- Early treatment should be considered, especially in patients who present with advanced disease and patients who are at high risk of progression. (pulmccm.org)
- Patients with proven antibody failure require replacement immunoglobulin therapy. (springer.com)
- Patients with chronic granulomatous disease have a reduced peripheral blood memory B cell compartment. (springer.com)
- In conclusion, we present two patients in whom a diagnosis of sarcoidosis preceded the diagnosis of UIP by 20 years or more. (umn.edu)
- Disease progression occurs in 60% of patients. (msdmanuals.com)
- Approximately 15% of patients with allergic interstitial nephritis present with a maculopapular rash. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus in the herpes virus family that can cause disseminated or localized end-organ disease in HIV-infected patients with advanced immunosuppression. (nih.gov)
- Before potent ART, an estimated 30% of patients with AIDS experienced CMV retinitis sometime between the diagnosis of AIDS and death. (nih.gov)
- It occurs as unilateral disease in two-thirds of patients at presentation, but disease ultimately is bilateral in most patients in the absence of therapy or immune recovery. (nih.gov)
- Colitis occurs in 5% to 10% of patients with AIDS and CMV end-organ disease. (nih.gov)
- Esophagitis occurs in a small percentage of patients with AIDS who experience CMV end-organ disease and causes odynophagia, nausea, and occasionally midepigastric or retrosternal discomfort. (nih.gov)
- In some patients, the disease is genetic (you inherited the disease from your parents). (clevelandclinic.org)
- As an Interventional Cardiologist, Dr. Mikhail treats patients with coronary heart disease. (hannibalclinic.com)
- Lung symptoms in a patient who is taking a medicinal drug that can cause pulmonary toxicity should not automatically lead to a diagnosis of "pulmonary toxicity due to the medicinal drug", because some patients can have another (i.e., simultaneous) lung disease, e.g. an infection of the lungs not related to the medicinal drugs the patient is taking. (wikipedia.org)
- A number of medicinal drugs that could cause pulmonary toxicity can be life-saving for certain patients with specific diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- the diagnosis is made in approximately 2%-5% of lung biopsy specimens from patients with interstitial lung disease. (shmabstracts.com)
- A large percentage of patients experience stable, persistent disease, but many have a progressive course. (shmabstracts.com)
- Patients with PLCH require long‐term follow‐up to detect potential disease progression and relapse. (shmabstracts.com)
- Our hospital takes responsibility for the treatment of patients with Crohn's disease found in an unselected population of 400,000 inhabitants. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- In 57% of the patients the diagnosis was reached within one year. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- In nine patients the primary diagnosis was colitis ulcerosa. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- Three percent of the patients had macroscopic Crohn's disease in all parts of the gastrointestinal tract, whereas 22% had it only in the small intestine and 18% only in the colon. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- Calciphylaxis is a rare and life-threatening condition of progressive cutaneous necrosis secondary to small and medium-sized vessel calcification previously described in patients with end-stage renal disease and hyperparathyroidism. (lymphedemapeople.com)
- HPV- positive oropharynx cancer patients receive nivolumab IV over 60 minutes on days 1 and 15, cyclophosphamide IV on day 1, and IRX-2 SC over 10 consecutive days between days 4-21 in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. (mycancergenome.org)
- have demonstrated that the major loss of forced vital capacity (FVC) occurred within the first 4-6 years of SSc: patients who developed severe restrictive disease (%FVC 50% of predicted) had lost 32% of their remaining FVC each year for the first 2 years, 12% of remaining FVC for each of the next 2 years, and 3% of remaining FVC for each of the following 2 years. (healthdocbox.com)
- The Scleroderma Lung Study (SLS-I), a multi-centre, double-blind, randomised controlled study, evaluated the effectiveness and safety of oral CYC (up to 2.0 mg/kg/day) administered for one year in 158 patients with symptomatic SSc-ILD (3). (healthdocbox.com)
- Early disease diagnosis leads to improved outcomes for patients. (jabfm.org)
- interstitial lung disease, has a higher mortality rate than Determining the risk factors that are associated with patients without ILA aswell asILD. (deepdyve.com)
- Furthermore, the development of ILD might have an important role in in patients with ILD, a study using health insurance claim understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of ILD, early data found that lung cancer incidence is higher than diagnosis, adequate treatment and prevention. (deepdyve.com)
- These patients also have vasculitis and they may also suffer from neurological, psychiatric disease. (pulsepakistan.com)
- Just over one in eight lung cancer patients will be living 5 years after their diagnosis. (clevelandclinicmeded.com)
- About 85% to 90% of patients with lung cancer have had direct exposure to tobacco. (clevelandclinicmeded.com)
- To improve the lung condition of LPI patients with PAP, it would be useful to explore alternative therapies for increasing dead cell clearance while decreasing cholesterol content in the airways. (biomedcentral.com)
Dyspnea5
- Dyspnea that is greater than expected with the degree of exertion is a symptom of disease. (aafp.org)
- Pulmonary symptoms including dyspnea, coughing, need for oxygen, and clubbing started 3.3 years before the diagnosis was made at the mean age of 8.83 years (range 2-15). (biomedcentral.com)
- Whereas exertional dyspnea and fatigue can be suggestive of pulmonary hypertension, dry cough is mostly seen in conjunction with interstitial changes in the lungs. (pulmccm.org)
- Short after, he was admitted with worsening dyspnea on exertion and had a right thoracoscopy with lung wedge resections. (ovid.com)
- Tiwari A, Gravelyn T. Cough, Dyspnea, and Interstitial Lung Disease in a 20‐Year‐Old Smoker. (shmabstracts.com)
Interstitium5
- Disease of the interstitium is recognized on imaging studies as a thick lace (sponge), sometimes symmetric, and in other types, scattered and irregular. (medicinenet.com)
- Symptoms and signs of interstitial lung disease occur because the damage to the interstitium of the lung impairs breathing function. (medicinenet.com)
- According to the American Thoracic Society , there are more than 200 different lung disorders that affect the interstitium. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- A lung infection occurring within the interstitium. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Sudden damage to the interstitium that is severe and often requires emergency medical treatment and life-support. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Radiological1
- Other useful investigations include radiological imaging and lung biopsy. (bmj.com)
Parenchymal5
- Transbronchial lung cryobiopsies (TBLCs) are a promising diagnostic tool in the setting of diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLDs). (hindawi.com)
- Many CTDs can also be associated with disorders of the pleura, airways, and pulmonary vasculature as well, but this section will discuss parenchymal lung disease or ILD. (oncologynurseadvisor.com)
- Histopathology showed interstitial lung disease consistent with small airways disease, bronchiolocentric parenchymal disease, and nonnecrotizing granulomatous condition. (cdc.gov)
- 5 Diffuse Parenchymal Lung Disease DPLD of known cause e.g. drugs Granulomatous DPLD e.g. sarcoidosis Other forms of DPLD e.g. (docplayer.net)
- Pathophysiology Intrinsic lung diseases: Diffuse parenchymal disorders cause reduction in all lung volumes. (spotidoc.com)
Disorders8
- Granulomatous-lymphocytic interstitial lung disease (GLILD) is a lung complication of common variable immunodeficiency disorders (CVID). (wikipedia.org)
- 4 RF is not specific for RA, despite its name, and it may be found in other conditions including bacterial infection, lymphoproliferative disorders, liver disease, and other autoimmune disorders. (clevelandclinicmeded.com)
- Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) is a general term that includes a variety of chronic lung disorders. (digitalnaturopath.com)
- Rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis and scleroderma are also disorders that can cause the disease. (hubpages.com)
- Since ILD is not a single disease but a group of more than 200 different pulmonary disorders, it can be confusing to understand exactly what you are dealing with, how a diagnosis is made and who needs to be involved. (clevelandclinic.org)
- Some autoimmune disorders cause the body to attack and damage the lungs and other organs. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Disorders of these structures will cause lung restriction and impair ventilatory function. (spotidoc.com)
- Some researchers prefer the use of COP to avoid confusion with other lung disorders with similar names. (rarediseases.org)
Transplantation5
- While bridging to recovery or transplantation is employed after achieving diagnosis, bridging to a diagnosis is a strategy of prolonging a patient's life to identify the cause of cardiorespiratory failure. (hindawi.com)
- As a patient is bridged to diagnosis, there is opportunity to assess and evaluate suitability for potential recovery, transplantation, or appropriate withdrawal of support. (hindawi.com)
- in severe cases lung transplantation might be the sole option. (bvsalud.org)
- Ultimately the disease progressed with one patient needed lung transplantation and the other requiring highflow oxygen supplementation. (umn.edu)
- Non-infectious pulmonary complications after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation are common but their differential diagnoses can be difficult. (renalandurologynews.com)
Known causes of interstitial lung di2
- Other known causes of interstitial lung disease must be ruled out, including drug toxicities, environmental exposures, and collagen vascular diseases. (advanceweb.com)
- This is when all known causes of interstitial lung disease have been ruled out. (digitalnaturopath.com)
Oxygen10
- This test measures the lungs' ability to exchange oxygen and carbon monoxide. (howstuffworks.com)
- Interstitial lung disease that has been present for a long time may cause signs and symptoms related to lowering of the oxygen levels in the blood, such as clubbing of the fingertips and enlargement of the heart. (medicinenet.com)
- Scarring makes the lungs stiff and impairs their ability to transfer oxygen into and out of the blood. (merckmanuals.com)
- This is the place where oxygen that we breathe in is passed into the blood stream and carbon dioxide passes from the blood to the lungs to be breathed out. (myositis.org)
- PFTs measure how well the lungs take in and push air out and how efficiently they get oxygen into the blood. (myositis.org)
- The need for oxygen will be determined by your doctor and may depend on the severity of disease, as well as your activity level. (digitalnaturopath.com)
- Heart failure may develop since there is no sufficient oxygen exchanged by the lungs and heart. (hubpages.com)
- This thickening makes it difficult for the blood to absorb oxygen, which can lead to the symptoms of interstitial lung disease, such as breathlessness. (medicalnewstoday.com)
- Oxygen is added to the blood into the lungs and it (blood) returned to the heart through pulmonary veins. (sbwire.com)
- Moreover, it has also stated that, sometimes oxygen therapy is required in order to treat breathlessness. (sbwire.com)
Histological1
- Lung biopsy and histological diagnosis are yet to be performed. (bmj.com)
Opacities4
- This diagnosis should be considered in any patient who presents with diffuse ground-glass and alveolar opacities on imaging without an obvious etiology. (neurologyadvisor.com)
- Thoracic CT revealed atelectasis of right superior lobe, diffuse ground glass attenuation, linear opacities and honeycombing, suggestive for interstitial pneumopathy. (bmj.com)
- Rarely, irregular linear or nodular interstitial opacities or honeycombing are visible at presentation. (msdmanuals.com)
- The patchy opacities are more common in the periphery of the lung, often in the lower lung zone. (msdmanuals.com)
Cases of interstitial lung diseases1
- Pulmonary involvement is evident with cases of interstitial lung diseases, primarily of the non-specific interstitial lung diseases. (pulsepakistan.com)
Restrictive lung di2
- Forced vital capacity (FVC) or total lung volume (TLC) less than 80% of predicted suggest restrictive lung disease pattern. (pulmccm.org)
- RESTRICTIVE LUNG DISEASE ssharma.com By Sat Sharma Assistant Professor University of Manitoba Background The lung volumes are reduced either because of: 1. (spotidoc.com)
Cough2
- People affected by GLILD may have symptoms such as cough and breathlessness, but may also be asymptomatic, with the condition first detected through abnormalities on lung function tests or a CT scan of the lungs. (wikipedia.org)
- Cough is very common in IPF and can be the most debilitating feature of the disease. (clevelandclinic.org)
Symptoms of interstitial lung di2
- What are signs and symptoms of interstitial lung disease? (medicinenet.com)
- Symptoms of interstitial lung disease vary and depend on the underlying cause. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Development of interstitial lung di3
- Some medical conditions can precipitate the development of interstitial lung disease. (hubpages.com)
- Lee, Choong 2018-06-04 00:00:00 Background: Understanding the risk factors that are associated with the development of interstitial lung disease might have an important role in understanding the pathogenetic mechanism of interstitial lung disease as well as prevention. (deepdyve.com)
- 95% CI: 1.7-2.1) were significantly associated with the development of interstitial lung disease. (deepdyve.com)
Autoimmune5
- Autoimmune disease (most commonly Sjögren's Syndrome) and immunodeficiency (HIV, common variable immune deficiency) are the primary risks for LIP, though idiopathic cases clearly occur. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- Chemotherapeutic agents are widely used to treat solid and hematologic malignancies, and are increasingly used for immunosuppression in the context of autoimmune disease. (endocrinologyadvisor.com)
- Other causes of ILD may include autoimmune diseases or occupational exposures to fumes, molds or gases. (o2pulmonary.com)
- Genetic and autoimmune mechanisms are also thought to play a role in this disease. (msdmanuals.com)
- Rheumatologic or autoimmune diseases are some of the known causes of interstitial lung diseases. (medindia.net)
Crackles7
- On physical examination, auscultation of the lungs detected slight coarse crackles at the bilateral bases. (springer.com)
- The most common lung exam finding is inspiratory crackles, but the lung exam may be normal . (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
- The lung exam may demonstrate crackles, but may be normal. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
- Lung exam may demonstrate crackles. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
- Dry "velcro" crackles at lung bases is a common physical exam finding. (pulmccm.org)
- Physical examination shows finger clubbing, fine inspiratory crackles throughout both lungs. (spotidoc.com)
- Individuals with BOOP may develop small crackling or rattling sounds in the lung (crackles or rales) that are apparent upon physical examination. (rarediseases.org)
Develop interstitial lung di2
- Radiation and chemotherapy - those who undergo these treatments may develop interstitial lung disease. (hubpages.com)
- Anyone can develop interstitial lung disease, though it may be more common in people with certain medical conditions, specific drug use, or environmental hazards. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Alveoli2
- As the disease worsens and the alveoli become thicker, they also begin to lose their elasticity. (mesotheliomasymptoms.com)
- DIP is another disease process that involves an accumulation of macrophages, in this case in the alveoli. (advanceweb.com)
Sarcoidosis4
- Chronic beryllium disease may be misdiagnosed as sarcoidosis. (cdc.gov)
- Sarcoidosis Vasculitis and Diffuse Lung Diseases , 32 (2), 160-166. (umn.edu)
- University of Chicago physicians also use this technology to fine-tune diagnosis and treatment of non-cancerous lung diseases, including sarcoidosis, interstitial lung diseases, infections within the lungs, and emphysema. (uchospitals.edu)
- Supplementary diagnostic testing for other lung diseases, including interstitial lung diseases, sarcoidosis and emphysema. (uchospitals.edu)
Severe8
- In severe cases where the lungs are extremely damaged, a lung transplant might be recommended. (mesotheliomasymptoms.com)
- If the disease is detected and treated early on, it may not lead to severe complications. (mesotheliomasymptoms.com)
- Muscle and skin symptoms may be mild or even nonexistent, but interstitial lung disease may be severe. (myositis.org)
- Bevacizumab (experimental arm) or a placebo (standard treatment arm) was delivered starting at week 4 of RT and continued every 2 weeks until 1) disease progression, or 2) severe treatment-related toxicity, or 3) completion of adjuvant therapy. (healthimaginghub.com)
- decreased saturations correlate with more severe disease. (clinicalpainadvisor.com)
- We found that three of the seven responders had severe or moderate restrictive disease clinically. (cdc.gov)
- The presence of muscle involvement was associated with a more severe disease phenotype. (bvsalud.org)
- A follow up PFT showed severe obstructive lung defect. (ovid.com)
Patterns4
- In the modern era with optimal high-resolution CT imaging and thoracic radiologists familiar with interpretation of interstitial lung disease patterns through participation in multidisciplinary meetings, the role of lung biopsy assessment might diminish further. (eurekalert.org)
- To improve the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial lung diseases, Naftali Kaminski, M.D., director of the Simmons Center and associate professor of pathology and human genetics, Dr. Dauber, and their coworkers decided to test the effectiveness of DNA microarray chip technology in distinguishing between the gene expression patterns of several types of interstitial lung diseases. (rxpgnews.com)
- Histopathologic patterns do not predict disease course as well as the severity of physiologic and radiographic disease at initial presentation. (pulmccm.org)
- Doctors may request skin biopsies when there are unusual patterns or areas of skin that become tight and firm. (sclero.org)
Pulmonary function9
- Formal pulmonary function testing may be needed to establish a diagnosis of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or interstitial lung disease. (aafp.org)
- The diagnosis of this lung disease requires tests such as x-rays, CT scans, and pulmonary function tests. (mesotheliomasymptoms.com)
- Pulmonary function tests may also be needed for diagnosis. (mesotheliomasymptoms.com)
- A pulmonary function test can also determine the severity of the interstitial condition. (howstuffworks.com)
- Pulmonary function studies can be used to identify emphysema and interstitial lung diseases. (aafp.org)
- Pulmonary function testing shows that the amount of air the lungs can hold is below normal. (merckmanuals.com)
- Frequent pulmonary function tests (PFTs) to monitor disease progression or progress. (myositis.org)
- These stages do not indicate disease chronicity or correlate with changes in pulmonary function. (radiologyassistant.nl)
- A pulmonary function test helps assess lung function. (o2pulmonary.com)
