Deter herbivory. Medical search

Most studies addressing the defensive functions of spines have focused on their role in deterring mammalian herbivores [ 10 - 12 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
For example, Acacia seyal trees suffered more extensive mammalian herbivory on branches from which spines were experimentally removed, and also exhibited more damage-induced spine growth on lower branches accessible to mammalian herbivores [ 12 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
Simulated folivory increases vertical transmission of fungal endophytes that deter herbivores and alter tolerance to herbivory in Poa autumnalis. (nih.gov)
The action of herbivores, known as herbivory, differs from predation in that predators generally kill the animal they eat, whereas plants usually survive after being fed upon by herbivores. (treesforlife.org.uk)
From an herbivore's first bite, plants release herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) which can attract enemies of herbivores. (elifesciences.org)
A better understanding of the different mechanisms used by wild plants to deter herbivores will help to increase crop production without harming the environment. (elifesciences.org)
Plants produce odors known as herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) that are thought to offer indirect defense against herbivores by betraying their location to predators and parasites. (elifesciences.org)
Indirect defenses are widespread and include domatia, extrafloral nectar, and food bodies which provide shelter and nutrition for predators and parasitoids, as well as herbivory-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) which convey information about feeding herbivores ( Heil, 2008 ). (elifesciences.org)
This could explain why some calcified algae are also chemically defended, because no single defense would deter all herbivores. (reefbase.org)
In order to deter herbivores, plants evolve defenses suited to different tissues and varying patterns of herbivory. (duke.edu)
Further, biosynthesis genes for benzoxazinoids, which are specialized compounds of Poaceae with known roles in deterring insect herbivores, were induced in maize. (usu.edu)
Whether plants use leaf colour to deter herbivores remains controversial. (dragonfly.co.nz)
These results indicate that the benefits of deterring insect herbivores by signalling may be balanced by the higher photosynthetic rate of non-signalling plants. (dragonfly.co.nz)
Herbivory-induced responses in plants can both negatively affect subsequently colonizing herbivores and mitigate the effect of herbivory on the host. (readbyqxmd.com)
Herbivores feeding on plants like grasses that have been infected with endophytic fungi are deterred from doing so either because the fungi make the plant distasteful or downright toxic. (indefenseofplants.com)
It isn't just big herbivores that are deterred either. (indefenseofplants.com)
Plants deter herbivores by physical barriers such as a cellulose cell wall, waxy cuticle, lignification, hairs and stinging hairs, and also by chemical deterrents including compounds which make the plant unpalatable or poisonous or disrupt digestion. (brainkart.com)
Our results suggest that multiple defensive traits may be necessary to deter herbivores in the field. (csic.es)
Conversely, if toxin-producing plants are rare, they could gain an individual-level benefit by being the only ones in the population to deter herbivores. (stackexchange.com)
Plant defense against herbivory or host-plant resistance (HPR) describes a range of adaptations evolved by plants which improve their survival and reproduction by reducing the impact of herbivores . (infogalactic.com)
Another approach diverts herbivores toward eating non-essential parts, or enhances the ability of a plant to recover from the damage caused by herbivory. (infogalactic.com)
When insect herbivores attack plant tissues, glucosinolates are hydrolysed by the enzyme myrosinase (EC 3.2.1.147) into a variety of degradation products, which can deter further herbivory. (qxmd.com)
In chapter 1, I begin with a review of the literature by examining the components of plant traits that contribute to the success of insect herbivores and how plants can alter both defensive compounds and nutritional quality in order to deter herbivory. (umsl.edu)

These hairs probably discourage herbivory by some insects and deter nectar-robbing of the flowers by ants. (illinoiswildflowers.info)
Researchers Emily Baisden (left) and Doug Tallamy use a leaf blower to vacuum insects off the branches of woody plants to evaluate the ability of native plant cultivars to support insect herbivory. (mtcubacenter.org)
While amphibians continued to feed on fish and insects, some reptiles began exploring two new food types, tetrapods (carnivory) and plants (herbivory). (wikipedia.org)
In a study of Lotus corniculatus (a cyanogenic plant that produces foliar cyanoglycosides to deter against herbivory by insects) and the Common Blue Butterfly (Polyommatus icarus, which regularly feeds upon L. corniculatus because it possesses an enzyme that detoxifies cyanide-containing defensive compounds), Goverde et al. (scienceandpublicpolicy.org)
It is, however, well known now that their presence in different parts of the plant (root, leaves, bark etc) deters feeding by slugs, snails, insects and vertebrates, as well as attacks by viruses, bacteria and fungi (Winks & Schimmer 1999). (defra.gov.uk)
I saw no eggs, but some leaves showed evidence of herbivory by insects, a calling card of some butterfly larvae. (bio.net)

One means by which plants suppress herbivory is to produce toxic compounds to deter feeding (see the Perspective by Hare ). (sciencemag.org)
Many of the compounds produced by the secretory trichomes of cultivated tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) contribute to the distinctive aroma of tomato foliage and are involved in deterring insect herbivory. (plantphysiol.org)
This presents an unusual paradox ( Sullivan, Hagen & Hammerstein, 2008 ), since many of the drugs of abuse are naturally occurring plant-derived compounds, and the evolutionary explanation given for the existence of most plant-derived drugs of abuse, is that they evolved as a defence mechanism to deter herbivory ( Sullivan, Hagen & Hammerstein, 2008 ). (peerj.com)
Because of internal anti-herbivory compounds, mosses taste bad to typical garden insect pests or critters. (timberpress.com)
Biochemical compounds in mosses function like antibiotics to deter any diseases, so mosses are not subject to the vast array of problematic diseases that plague other land plants. (timberpress.com)
Constant herbivory from heliconiine butterflies has led to the development of cyanide-based defensive compounds by Passiflora, in addition to the more general defense of toughening leaves, found in all plants. (usf.edu)
Many of the compounds indicated are synthesized rapidly in response to herbivory or pathogen attack and plants may acquire resistance to further attack. (brainkart.com)
Toxic compounds, chiefly the alkaloids peramine and loline, produced by endophytes can deter insect herbivory in turfgrass stands (Bush et al. (umn.edu)
They often contain chemical compounds that deter grazing from fishes. (ecologycenter.us)
Many compounds merely deter grazing. (blogspot.com)

Many plant defenses that deter insect herbivory target the attacker's digestive system. (pnas.org)
Plants produce suites of defenses that can collectively deter and reduce herbivory. (pnas.org)
Coley PD, Barone JA (1996) Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests. (springer.com)
Indeed, grasses have been considered to primarily rely on these tolerance traits in lieu of physical or chemical defenses to mitigate damage caused by herbivory. (frontiersin.org)
However, a number of mechanisms have been identified in grasses that may deter feeding by grazers, and hence act as defenses ( Vicari and Bazely, 1993 ). (frontiersin.org)
Nevertheless, these results suggest that R. insecticola, through unidentified mechanisms, suppress pea plant defenses intended to deter A. pisum. (auburn.edu)
To understand defense responses of cereals to spider mites, we characterized the transcriptomic responses of maize and barley to herbivory by both mite species, and included a wounding control against which modulation of defenses could be tested. (usu.edu)
Many genes encoding proteins involved in direct defenses, or those required for herbivore-induced plant volatiles, were strongly upregulated in response to mite herbivory. (usu.edu)
Medium-sized trees exposed to low levels of simulated herbivory decreased defenses within the same year as treatment, and increased defenses the year after treatment. (ubc.ca)
Medium-sized trees exposed to high levels of simulated herbivory had reduced defenses in both the same and the year following treatment. (ubc.ca)
Only a few studies have examined the role of frequency-dependent selection on plant defenses against herbivory (i.e. (stackexchange.com)
Unfortunately, their results provide little support for the hypothesis of frequency-dependent selection acting on plant defenses against herbivory. (stackexchange.com)

Plots (15 × 15 trees) of Anacardium excelsum (Anacardiaceae) , Dalbergia retusa (Fabaceae) , Pachira quinata (Malvaceae) , Tabebuia rosea (Bignoniaceae) , and Terminalia amazonia (Combretaceae) were tested for herbivory using leaf counts and digital image analysis. (springer.com)
0.001) differences in herbivory were found among both the tree species and the insect feeding guilds considered: chewing, skeletonizing, mining, and leaf-rolling. (springer.com)
Leaf toughness was negatively correlated with SLA and foliar N. Linear regressions showed that herbivory was positively correlated with foliar N for young leaves and negatively correlated with foliar N for mature leaves. (springer.com)
Aide TM (1993) Patterns of leaf development and herbivory in a tropical understory community. (springer.com)
The hypothesis that herbivory by Diaprepes root weevil larvae reduces leaf gas exchange and biomass was tested on buttonwood ( Conocarpus erectus L.), Surinam cherry ( Eugenia uniflora L.), mahogany ( Sivietenia mahagoni Jacq. (bioone.org)
they also protect the leaf from herbivory by restricting insect movements or by storing toxic or bad-tasting chemicals. (openstax.org)
We examined how drought and leaf herbivory-key components of climate change-affected floral display, floral volatiles, and the visitation rates and community composition of pollinators to four forb species in Montana ( Campanula rotundifolia , Heterotheca villosa , Phacelia hastata , and Potentilla recta ). (confex.com)
Leaf herbivory changed floral scent and reduced pollinator attraction in one forb species, Heterotheca villosa , but had no effect on the other three plant species. (confex.com)
but the evolution of vascular plants lead to the co-evolution of other forms of herbivory, such as sap-sucking, leaf mining , gall forming and nectar-feeding. (infogalactic.com)

Somewhat less attention has been paid to structural adaptations, including the waxy plant cuticle, trichomes, spines and thorns, which can act as a first line of defence against herbivory [ 2 , 6 , 7 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
The predominant function of thorns, spines and prickles is deterring herbivory in a mechanical form. (wikipedia.org)

Grasses have been considered to primarily employ tolerance in lieu of defense in mitigating damage caused by herbivory. (frontiersin.org)

Red oaks produce tannins in response to gypsy moth attacks, reducing further herbivory. (blogspot.com)
Production of specific combinations of volatiles on the part of the plant signals the predator, which will then reduce further herbivory. (blogspot.com)

Collectively, our data provide little evidence that maize and barley defense responses differentiate herbivory between T. urticae and O. pratensis . (usu.edu)
Activation of phytohormone-mediated defense responses against insect herbivory is another hallmark of this interaction, and recent studies have shown that regulation of phytohormone signaling is under the control of sRNAs. (frontiersin.org)

Plants have evolved diverse defence and tolerance mechanisms against herbivory, some of which occur constitutively, while others are expressed only or more strongly in response to feeding damage [ 1 - 3 ]. (royalsocietypublishing.org)
In the plant-herbivore interaction scenario, plants would need defences induced by herbivory. (biologists.org)
Thus, herbivory has strong and immediate effects on the local genotypic composition of plants and traits associated with herbivore resistance. (sciencemag.org)
Herbivory is a form of consumption in which an organism principally eats autotrophs such as plants , algae and photosynthesizing bacteria . (wikipedia.org)
Although herbivory was long thought to be a Mesozoic phenomenon, fossils have shown that within less than 20 million years after the first land plants evolved, plants were being consumed by arthropods. (wikipedia.org)
However, herbivory is generally restricted to animals eating plants. (wikia.com)
Arabidopsis plants have been reported recently to react to the sounds of caterpillars of Pieris rapae chewing on its leaves by promoting synthesis of toxins that can deter herbivory. (plantbehavior.org)
The production and accumulation of a wide variety of organic chemicals is one of the major mechanisms by which plants defend themselves against herbivory, and attacks by microbial pathogens and invertebrate pests. (defra.gov.uk)
Calcareous plants that grow completely adhered to the substrate forming crusts, with slow growth rates in general, and are abundant in shallow reefs with high herbivory pressure. (ecologycenter.us)
Strychnine, for example, is produced by the fruit of some plants that may be eaten by birds without ill effects, but in mammals the same fruit causes failure of the central nervous system and induces seizures.The plant reduces herbivory by mammals, and the seeds get dispersed by birds that are able to detoxify the strychnine. (blogspot.com)
The plants have evolved the signal in response to herbivory, and the predators have evolved the ability to detect the signal indicating the location of their host. (blogspot.com)

Yet a number of mechanisms have been identified in grasses, which may deter feeding by grazers. (frontiersin.org)

These results support the suggestion that trichomes are capable of deterring a non specialist herbivore ( H . pachinus ). (scielo.br)

Large algal forms, more rigid and anatomically more complex than algal turfs, abundant in zones of low herbivory such as the intertidal, reef flats, or inshore reefs where strong wave action, heavy predation, or water quality limit grazing. (ecologycenter.us)
Also, there is a need to address how to minimize oomoetitkm from invading weeds, to deter predation by small mammals, and. (usda.gov)

Conclusions: With the removal of a large exclosure, elk eliminated 60% of the aspen previously protected from herbivory resulting in a dramatic shift in the defensive chemical composition of the aspen Stand. (usu.edu)
However, the areas of new growth that are the preferred tissues of amphipod grazing, were stimulated by grazing to produce defensive chemicals that deterred grazing by making the tissues more unpalatable. (reefkeeping.com)

The potential for an evolutionary response to gypsy moth ( Lymantna dispar L.) herbivory was investigated in red oak ( Quercus rubra L.), a preferred host. (usda.gov)

Phytoliths act as mechanical defences because they deter herbivory and lower growth rates in mammals. (biologists.org)
No statistically significant relationships were found between herbivory and the mechanical properties of toughness and SLA. (springer.com)

White spruce (Picea glauca, Voss) contains an antifeedant (camphor) which deters snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus Erxleben), a generalist herbivore, from feeding on it. (ubc.ca)
This could possibly deter herbivory by reducing the HCN 'footprint' for searching female Heliconius while retaining toxicity in the herbivore gut. (johnterahsmiley.com)

The concentration of aragonite that deterred fishes varied on different reefs, depending on the species of fish that fed. (reefbase.org)
It appeared, from this article, that algae are not nutrient limited on coral reefs and the primary control of algae on reefs is herbivory, not nutrients. (reefkeeping.com)

These include plasticity of development, ability to regenerate new organs and a range of defences to deter herbivory and pathogenesis. (brainkart.com)

This study examined foliar herbivory on 1 year-old tree saplings planted in previously abandoned fields in central Panama. (springer.com)
Overall, results from this study indicate that, as young saplings, the species evaluated did not suffer high amounts of foliar herbivory in the plantation environment. (springer.com)
Para observar el efecto de la disponibilidad de luz sobre la dureza foliar y el contenido de cianuro en Passiflora dioscoreifolia, se tomaron muestras de veinte hojas de los hábitats de sol y sombra en los bosques de Monteverde, Costa Rica y la prueba de su tenacidad a la hoja y contenido de cianuro. (usf.edu)

Cell walls act as a barrier to pathogens and deter herbivory. (brainkart.com)

This type of defense is especially notable in young tissues that have not developed the toughness found inmature leaves as a herbivory deterrent. (blogspot.com)
Effectiveness of two herbivory deterrent the last two years, WCP. (bhumiratna.com)

These secondary metabolites can serve multiple functions, including ameliorating stress, protecting against microbes, deterring herbivory and influencing pollination ( Goyal, 2013 ). (biologists.org)
These pressures may be from herbivory, competition, or the need for pollination . (blogspot.com)

Using examples of the more obvious and influential species and their effects, we will gain a glimpse into the fascinating world of herbivory. (treesforlife.org.uk)
Drought also influenced the floral visitor community across forb species, indicating that some groups of pollinators were deterred while others were attracted. (confex.com)

Consistent with warning signals, redder foliage contained higher concentrations of polygodial, a sesquiterpene dialdehyde with strong antifeedant properties, and incurred less herbivory than green leaves. (dragonfly.co.nz)

This research shows that many traits commonly selected for cultivation do not deter insect herbivory. (mtcubacenter.org)

The earliest evidence of their herbivory has been attributed to dental occlusion , the process in which teeth from the upper jaw come in contact with teeth in the lower jaw is present. (wikipedia.org)
The earliest evidence of herbivory by tetrapod organisms is seen in fossils of jawbones where dental occlusion (process by which teeth from the upper jaw come in contact with those in the lower jaw) is present. (wikia.com)

As tremulacin concentrations increased, mortality of aspen related to herbivory by elk declined. (usu.edu)
In the laboratory Siganus spinus, Acanthurus nigrofuscus, A. triostegus, A. xanthopterus and Naso unicornis were increasingly deterred by 30, 50 and 70% aragonite concentrations, but Scarus schlegeli, Scarus sordiidus and Ctenochaetus striatus were attracted to calcified food. (reefbase.org)

Cooper SM, Owen-Smith N (1985) Condensed tannins deter feeding by browsing ruminants in a South African savanna. (springer.com)

We evaluated the efficacy of exclusion cages and commercially available repellants in deterring white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) herbivory on northern red oak ( Quercus rubra ) and chestnut oak ( Q. montana ) stump sprouts and planted red oak seedlings following a commercial clearcut harvest in West. (usda.gov)

Endophytes also produce several mildly toxic alkaloids that can deter insect and animal feeding. (umn.edu)

Arthropods evolved herbivory in four phases, changing their approach to it in response to changing plant communities. (wikipedia.org)

Research indicates that THC plays a multifaceted role in protecting the plant from fungi and microbial infection as well as deterring herbivory. (indefenseofplants.com)

Herbivory was found to exert primary control on algal cover, even in the presence of increased nutrients. (reefkeeping.com)

Long thought to be a Mesozoic phenomenon, evidence for herbivory is found almost as soon as fossils which could show it. (wikia.com)
The evolution of dental occlusion lead to a drastic increase in food processing associated with herbivory and provides direct evidence about feeding strategies based on tooth wear patterns. (wikia.com)

Herbivory is a widespread biotic interaction with important ecological and evolutionary implications. (csic.es)

cabbages produce chemical to attract parasitic wasp which kills and deters cabbage white butterflies. (getrevising.co.uk)

An important learning is that both seedlings showed excellent recovery from at least two bouts of apical stem herbivory . (torreyaguardians.org)
BELOW: Michael Dowd locates a second seedling that twice survived apical stem herbivory. (torreyaguardians.org)

Herbivory among four-limbed terrestrial vertebrates, the tetrapods developed in the Late Carboniferous (307 - 299 million years ago). (wikipedia.org)

This month I cover a few articles on herbivory and algae. (reefkeeping.com)
Effects of herbivory and nutrients on the early colonization of crustose coralline algae and fleshy algae. (reefkeeping.com)

One year after removal of the exclosure, trees browsed by elk were more likely to die as a result of herbivory than trees that were not browsed. (usu.edu)
Twig samples were also collected from a group of medium-sized trees on Control and Fertilized areas that had been exposed to low and high levels of simulated herbivory. (ubc.ca)

The plant developed the adaptation to deter herbivory. (plantsnap.com)

But researchers found that the introduced diamondback moth ( Plutella xylostella ) is not deterred by high Selenium levels, and in fact feeds on prince's plume with no adverse effects. (blogspot.com)
We found that relative consumption and total herbivory increase with the relative biomass of the preferred flag calyx lobes, whereas a larger corolla diameter increases the intensity of corolla feeding. (springer.com)
I found no reason to disagree with these earlier deter- minations. (bio.net)

Anatomy9

Organisms70

Chemicals and Drugs17

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Psychiatry and Psychology4

Phenomena and Processes28

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture6

Health Care11

Geographicals2

Thorns, spines, and prickles

Myrosinase

Leaf

Dhurrin

Festuca arundinacea

Plant use of endophytic fungi in defense

Lobophora variegata

Herbivore

Myrmecophily

Lamium

Chemical ecology

Heliconius melpomene

Floral scent

Peat swamp forest

Sacoglossa

Frugivore

Hyperaccumulator

Streptanthus breweri

Natural product

Trichome

Codling moth

Plant defense against herbivory

Herbivore

Escape and radiate coevolution

Chemical defense

Chrysomela lapponica

Salamander

Brassicaceae

Acromyrmex

Leaf

Reptile

Tree

Desert

Insect

Predation

Mimicry - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Floral scent

Edderkopper, den frie encyklopædi

Trichome

Nectar

Behavioral ecology

Anti-predator adaptation

White-tailed deer

Phycotoxin

Epichloë

Diamondback moth

Cereal leaf beetle

Plant spines deter insect herbivory | Biology Letters

Plant spines deter insect herbivory | Biology Letters

Frugivore - Wikipedia

Thorns, spines, and prickles - Wikipedia

Myrosinase - Wikipedia

Codling moth - Wikipedia

Plant defenses interact with insect enteric bacteria by initiating a leaky gut syndrome | PNAS

Ambrosia psilostachya

Vacuole facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about Vacuole

Miller T[au] - PubMed - NCBI

Cardenolides from Gomphocarpus sinaicus and Pergularia tomentosa (Apocynaceae: Asclepiadoideae) deter the feeding of Spodoptera...

Silicon-based plant defences, tooth wear and voles | Journal of Experimental Biology

Dilkes BP[au] - PubMed - NCBI

The reluctant visitor: a terpenoid in toxic nectar can reduce olfactory learning and memory in Asian honey bees | Journal of...

Foliar herbivory and leaf traits of five native tree species in a young plantation of Central Panama | SpringerLink

Frontiers | Killing Two Birds with One Stone: Natural Rice Rhizospheric Microbes Reduce Arsenic Uptake and Blast Infections in...

Festuca arundinacea - The Lycaeum

Frontiers | Silicon, endophytes and secondary metabolites as grass defenses against mammalian herbivores | Plant Science

Aspen Herbivory | Rangelands | USU Extension

PHYTOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SITE CLEANUP

The Responses Of Animals And Plants - 1566 Words | Bartleby

Herbivory | Trees for Life

Herbivory-induced volatiles function as defenses increasing fitness of the native plant Nicotiana attenuata in nature | eLife

Bristly Locust (Robinia hispida)

This Week in Science | Science

Mt. Cuba Center | Do leaf-eating insects eat nativars? - Mt. Cuba Center

The Tomato Homolog of CORONATINE-INSENSITIVE1 Is Required for the Maternal Control of Seed Maturation, Jasmonate-Signaled...

Herbivore - Wikipedia

Calcification defends marine algae from some herbivorous fishes : ReefBase :: ReefBase Pacific - Database

John Tooker, Ph.D. - Department of Entomology - Penn State University

Herbivores23

Insects6

Compounds10