Depressive disorder. Medical search

Marked depression appearing in the involution period and characterized by hallucinations, delusions, paranoia, and agitation.

An affective disorder manifested by either a dysphoric mood or loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities. The mood disturbance is prominent and relatively persistent.

Mood-stimulating drugs used primarily in the treatment of affective disorders and related conditions. Several MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS are useful as antidepressants apparently as a long-term consequence of their modulation of catecholamine levels. The tricyclic compounds useful as antidepressive agents (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) also appear to act through brain catecholamine systems. A third group (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, SECOND-GENERATION) is a diverse group of drugs including some that act specifically on serotonergic systems.

Persistent and disabling ANXIETY.

A major affective disorder marked by severe mood swings (manic or major depressive episodes) and a tendency to remission and recurrence.

Standardized procedures utilizing rating scales or interview schedules carried out by health personnel for evaluating the degree of mental illness.

Categorical classification of MENTAL DISORDERS based on criteria sets with defining features. It is produced by the American Psychiatric Association. (DSM-IV, page xxii)

Those disorders that have a disturbance in mood as their predominant feature.

Chronically depressed mood that occurs for most of the day more days than not for at least 2 years. The required minimum duration in children to make this diagnosis is 1 year. During periods of depressed mood, at least 2 of the following additional symptoms are present: poor appetite or overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy or fatigue, low self esteem, poor concentration or difficulty making decisions, and feelings of hopelessness. (DSM-IV)

Psychiatric illness or diseases manifested by breakdowns in the adaptational process expressed primarily as abnormalities of thought, feeling, and behavior producing either distress or impairment of function.

A structurally and mechanistically diverse group of drugs that are not tricyclics or monoamine oxidase inhibitors. The most clinically important appear to act selectively on serotonergic systems, especially by inhibiting serotonin reuptake.

Failure to respond to two or more trials of antidepressant monotherapy or failure to respond to four or more trials of different antidepressant therapies. (Campbell's Psychiatric Dictionary, 9th ed.)

Compounds that specifically inhibit the reuptake of serotonin in the brain.

Depressive states usually of moderate intensity in contrast with major depression present in neurotic and psychotic disorders.

A furancarbonitrile that is one of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS used as an antidepressant. The drug is also effective in reducing ethanol uptake in alcoholics and is used in depressed patients who also suffer from tardive dyskinesia in preference to tricyclic antidepressants, which aggravate this condition.

Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.

The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.

A directed conversation aimed at eliciting information for psychiatric diagnosis, evaluation, treatment planning, etc. The interview may be conducted by a social worker or psychologist.

The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

A class of traumatic stress disorders with symptoms that last more than one month. There are various forms of post-traumatic stress disorder, depending on the time of onset and the duration of these stress symptoms. In the acute form, the duration of the symptoms is between 1 to 3 months. In the chronic form, symptoms last more than 3 months. With delayed onset, symptoms develop more than 6 months after the traumatic event.

Check list, usually to be filled out by a person about himself, consisting of many statements about personal characteristics which the subject checks.

The unsuccessful attempt to kill oneself.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A generic term for the treatment of mental illness or emotional disturbances primarily by verbal or nonverbal communication.

An anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent, persistent obsessions or compulsions. Obsessions are the intrusive ideas, thoughts, or images that are experienced as senseless or repugnant. Compulsions are repetitive and seemingly purposeful behavior which the individual generally recognizes as senseless and from which the individual does not derive pleasure although it may provide a release from tension.

Anxiety disorders in which the essential feature is persistent and irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation that the individual feels compelled to avoid. The individual recognizes the fear as excessive or unreasonable.

A behavior disorder originating in childhood in which the essential features are signs of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Although most individuals have symptoms of both inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity, one or the other pattern may be predominant. The disorder is more frequent in males than females. Onset is in childhood. Symptoms often attenuate during late adolescence although a minority experience the full complement of symptoms into mid-adulthood. (From DSM-V)

A selective serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used in the treatment of depression.

The determination and evaluation of personality attributes by interviews, observations, tests, or scales. Articles concerning personality measurement are considered to be within scope of this term.

A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of experiences) that determine how an individual feels and behaves. It is based on the premise that cognition, the process of acquiring knowledge and forming beliefs, is a primary determinant of mood and behavior. The therapy uses behavioral and verbal techniques to identify and correct negative thinking that is at the root of the aberrant behavior.

Disorders related to substance abuse.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Disorders having the presence of physical symptoms that suggest a general medical condition but that are not fully explained by a another medical condition, by the direct effects of a substance, or by another mental disorder. The symptoms must cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of functioning. In contrast to FACTITIOUS DISORDERS and MALINGERING, the physical symptoms are not under voluntary control. (APA, DSM-V)

Feeling or emotion of dread, apprehension, and impending disaster but not disabling as with ANXIETY DISORDERS.

Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.

Electrically induced CONVULSIONS primarily used in the treatment of severe AFFECTIVE DISORDERS and SCHIZOPHRENIA.

A personality disorder marked by a pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (DSM-IV)

Child with one or more parents afflicted by a physical or mental disorder.

Disorders in which there is a loss of ego boundaries or a gross impairment in reality testing with delusions or prominent hallucinations. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The act of killing oneself.

Disorders in which the essential feature is a severe disturbance in mood (depression, anxiety, elation, and excitement) accompanied by psychotic symptoms such as delusions, hallucinations, gross impairment in reality testing, etc.

The feeling-tone accompaniment of an idea or mental representation. It is the most direct psychic derivative of instinct and the psychic representative of the various bodily changes by means of which instincts manifest themselves.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

A type of anxiety disorder characterized by unexpected panic attacks that last minutes or, rarely, hours. Panic attacks begin with intense apprehension, fear or terror and, often, a feeling of impending doom. Symptoms experienced during a panic attack include dyspnea or sensations of being smothered; dizziness, loss of balance or faintness; choking sensations; palpitations or accelerated heart rate; shakiness; sweating; nausea or other form of abdominal distress; depersonalization or derealization; paresthesias; hot flashes or chills; chest discomfort or pain; fear of dying and fear of not being in control of oneself or going crazy. Agoraphobia may also develop. Similar to other anxiety disorders, it may be inherited as an autosomal dominant trait.

One of the convolutions on the medial surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES. It surrounds the rostral part of the brain and CORPUS CALLOSUM and forms part of the LIMBIC SYSTEM.

Inability to experience pleasure due to impairment or dysfunction of normal psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. It is a symptom of many PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; and SCHIZOPHRENIA).

Those affective states which can be experienced and have arousing and motivational properties.

Disorders in which the symptoms are distressing to the individual and recognized by him or her as being unacceptable. Social relationships may be greatly affected but usually remain within acceptable limits. The disturbance is relatively enduring or recurrent without treatment.

Sodium chloride-dependent neurotransmitter symporters located primarily on the PLASMA MEMBRANE of serotonergic neurons. They are different than SEROTONIN RECEPTORS, which signal cellular responses to SEROTONIN. They remove SEROTONIN from the EXTRACELLULAR SPACE by high affinity reuptake into PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS. Regulates signal amplitude and duration at serotonergic synapses and is the site of action of the SEROTONIN UPTAKE INHIBITORS.

Stress wherein emotional factors predominate.

Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.

A repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate societal norms or rules are violated. These behaviors include aggressive conduct that causes or threatens physical harm to other people or animals, nonaggressive conduct that causes property loss or damage, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of rules. The onset is before age 18. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Those occurrences, including social, psychological, and environmental, which require an adjustment or effect a change in an individual's pattern of living.

Abnormal or excessive excitability with easily triggered anger, annoyance, or impatience.

Substances that contain a fused three-ring moiety and are used in the treatment of depression. These drugs block the uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin into axon terminals and may block some subtypes of serotonin, adrenergic, and histamine receptors. However the mechanism of their antidepressant effects is not clear because the therapeutic effects usually take weeks to develop and may reflect compensatory changes in the central nervous system.

The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.

Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

A risk factor for suicide attempts and completions, it is the most common of all suicidal behavior, but only a minority of ideators engage in overt self-harm.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.

Conditions characterized by disturbances of usual sleep patterns or behaviors. Sleep disorders may be divided into three major categories: DYSSOMNIAS (i.e. disorders characterized by insomnia or hypersomnia), PARASOMNIAS (abnormal sleep behaviors), and sleep disorders secondary to medical or psychiatric disorders. (From Thorpy, Sleep Disorders Medicine, 1994, p187)

Primarily a technique of group psychotherapy which involves a structured, directed, and dramatized acting out of the patient's personal and emotional problems.

The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.

A disorder beginning in childhood. It is marked by the presence of markedly abnormal or impaired development in social interaction and communication and a markedly restricted repertoire of activity and interest. Manifestations of the disorder vary greatly depending on the developmental level and chronological age of the individual. (DSM-V)

Depression in POSTPARTUM WOMEN, usually within four weeks after giving birth (PARTURITION). The degree of depression ranges from mild transient depression to neurotic or psychotic depressive disorders. (From DSM-IV, p386)

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.

A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents).

A primary, chronic disease with genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors influencing its development and manifestations. The disease is often progressive and fatal. It is characterized by impaired control over drinking, preoccupation with the drug alcohol, use of alcohol despite adverse consequences, and distortions in thinking, most notably denial. Each of these symptoms may be continuous or periodic. (Morse & Flavin for the Joint Commission of the National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence and the American Society of Addiction Medicine to Study the Definition and Criteria for the Diagnosis of Alcoholism: in JAMA 1992;268:1012-4)

A major deviation from normal patterns of behavior.

A severe emotional disorder of psychotic depth characteristically marked by a retreat from reality with delusion formation, HALLUCINATIONS, emotional disharmony, and regressive behavior.

Severe distortions in the development of many basic psychological functions that are not normal for any stage in development. These distortions are manifested in sustained social impairment, speech abnormalities, and peculiar motor movements.

Maladaptive reactions to identifiable psychosocial stressors occurring within a short time after onset of the stressor. They are manifested by either impairment in social or occupational functioning or by symptoms (depression, anxiety, etc.) that are in excess of a normal and expected reaction to the stressor.

The co-existence of a substance abuse disorder with a psychiatric disorder. The diagnostic principle is based on the fact that it has been found often that chemically dependent patients also have psychiatric problems of various degrees of severity.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Persons who receive ambulatory care at an outpatient department or clinic without room and board being provided.

Neurotic reactions to unusual, severe, or overwhelming military stress.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Branch of psychiatry concerned with the provision and delivery of a coordinated program of mental health care to a specified population. The foci included in this concept are: all social, psychological and physical factors related to etiology, prevention, and maintaining positive mental health in the community.

Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.

The study of significant causes and processes in the development of mental illness.

A serotonin receptor subtype found distributed through the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM where they are involved in neuroendocrine regulation of ACTH secretion. The fact that this serotonin receptor subtype is particularly sensitive to SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS such as BUSPIRONE suggests its role in the modulation of ANXIETY and DEPRESSION.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Genus of perennial plants in the family CLUSIACEAE (sometimes classified as Hypericaceae). Herbal and homeopathic preparations are used for depression, neuralgias, and a variety of other conditions. Hypericum contains flavonoids; GLYCOSIDES; mucilage, TANNINS; volatile oils (OILS, ESSENTIAL), hypericin and hyperforin.

Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Disorders related to or resulting from abuse or mis-use of alcohol.

Obsessive, persistent, intense fear of open places.

Includes two similar disorders: oppositional defiant disorder and CONDUCT DISORDERS. Symptoms occurring in children with these disorders include: defiance of authority figures, angry outbursts, and other antisocial behaviors.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Organized services to provide mental health care.

Physiological changes that occur in bodies after death.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Adaptation of the person to the social environment. Adjustment may take place by adapting the self to the environment or by changing the environment. (From Campbell, Psychiatric Dictionary, 1996)

The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.

A collection of NEURONS, tracts of NERVE FIBERS, endocrine tissue, and blood vessels in the HYPOTHALAMUS and the PITUITARY GLAND. This hypothalamo-hypophyseal portal circulation provides the mechanism for hypothalamic neuroendocrine (HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES) regulation of pituitary function and the release of various PITUITARY HORMONES into the systemic circulation to maintain HOMEOSTASIS.

A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

Disorders characterized by recurrent TICS that may interfere with speech and other activities. Tics are sudden, rapid, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movements or vocalizations which may be exacerbated by stress and are generally attenuated during absorbing activities. Tic disorders are distinguished from conditions which feature other types of abnormal movements that may accompany another another condition. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Mood or emotional responses dissonant with or inappropriate to the behavior and/or stimulus.

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

The medical science that deals with the origin, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of mental disorders.

Pricing statements presented by more than one party for the purpose of securing a contract.

The interactions between the anterior pituitary and adrenal glands, in which corticotropin (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex and adrenal cortical hormones suppress the production of corticotropin by the anterior pituitary.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A set of forebrain structures common to all mammals that is defined functionally and anatomically. It is implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses including fundamental survival behaviors (feeding, mating, emotion). For most authors, it includes the AMYGDALA; EPITHALAMUS; GYRUS CINGULI; hippocampal formation (see HIPPOCAMPUS); HYPOTHALAMUS; PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS; SEPTAL NUCLEI; anterior nuclear group of thalamus, and portions of the basal ganglia. (Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p744; NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc.washington.edu/neuronames/index.html (September 2, 1998)).

Agents that control agitated psychotic behavior, alleviate acute psychotic states, reduce psychotic symptoms, and exert a quieting effect. They are used in SCHIZOPHRENIA; senile dementia; transient psychosis following surgery; or MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; etc. These drugs are often referred to as neuroleptics alluding to the tendency to produce neurological side effects, but not all antipsychotics are likely to produce such effects. Many of these drugs may also be effective against nausea, emesis, and pruritus.

A state of harmony between internal needs and external demands and the processes used in achieving this condition. (From APA Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)

A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive and excessive need to be taken care of that leads to submissive and clinging behavior and fears of separation, beginning by early adulthood and present in a variety of contexts. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Facilities which administer the delivery of mental health counseling services to children.

Methods for visualizing REGIONAL BLOOD FLOW, metabolic, electrical, or other physiological activities in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM using various imaging modalities.

Observable changes of expression in the face in response to emotional stimuli.

A reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type A; (RIMA); (see MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS) that has antidepressive properties.

The sum of all nonspecific systemic reactions of the body to long-continued exposure to systemic stress.

A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is effective in the treatment of depression.

Abuse of children in a family, institutional, or other setting. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

The main glucocorticoid secreted by the ADRENAL CORTEX. Its synthetic counterpart is used, either as an injection or topically, in the treatment of inflammation, allergy, collagen diseases, asthma, adrenocortical deficiency, shock, and some neoplastic conditions.

A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

A personality disorder whose essential feature is a pervasive pattern of disregard for, and violation of, the rights of others that begins in childhood or early adolescence and continues into adulthood. The individual must be at least age 18 and must have a history of some symptoms of CONDUCT DISORDER before age 15. (From DSM-IV, 1994)

Agents that are used to treat bipolar disorders or mania associated with other affective disorders.

Measurable biological (physiological, biochemical, and anatomical features), behavioral (psychometric pattern) or cognitive markers that are found more often in individuals with a disease than in the general population. Because many endophenotypes are present before the disease onset and in individuals with heritable risk for disease such as unaffected family members, they can be used to help diagnose and search for causative genes.

Disorders affecting TWINS, one or both, at any age.

A unicyclic, aminoketone antidepressant. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not well understood, but it does appear to block dopamine uptake. The hydrochloride is available as an aid to smoking cessation treatment.

A serotonin uptake inhibitor that is used as an antidepressive agent. It has been shown to be effective in patients with major depressive disorders and other subsets of depressive disorders. It is generally more useful in depressive disorders associated with insomnia and anxiety. This drug does not aggravate psychotic symptoms in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p309)

Any form of psychotherapy designed to produce therapeutic change within a minimal amount of time, generally not more than 20 sessions.

Disorders characterized by impairment of the ability to initiate or maintain sleep. This may occur as a primary disorder or in association with another medical or psychiatric condition.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Persons who were child victims of violence and abuse including physical, sexual, or emotional maltreatment.

Learned expectation that one's responses are independent of reward and, hence, do not predict or control the occurrence of rewards. Learned helplessness derives from a history, experimentally induced or naturally occurring, of having received punishment/aversive stimulation regardless of responses made. Such circumstances result in an impaired ability to learn. Used for human or animal populations. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 1994)

A lithium salt, classified as a mood-stabilizing agent. Lithium ion alters the metabolism of BIOGENIC MONOAMINES in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, and affects multiple neurotransmission systems.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

Predisposition to react to one's environment in a certain way; usually refers to mood changes.

Mental activity, not predominantly perceptual, by which one apprehends some aspect of an object or situation based on past learning and experience.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

The reciprocal interaction of two or more persons.

Disorder characterized by an emotionally constricted manner that is unduly conventional, serious, formal, and stingy, by preoccupation with trivial details, rules, order, organization, schedules, and lists, by stubborn insistence on having things one's own way without regard for the effects on others, by poor interpersonal relationships, and by indecisiveness due to fear of making mistakes.

An adjunctive treatment for PARTIAL EPILEPSY and refractory DEPRESSION that delivers electrical impulses to the brain via the VAGUS NERVE. A battery implanted under the skin supplies the energy.

Method for obtaining information through verbal responses, written or oral, from subjects.

The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.

Dosage forms of a drug that act over a period of time by controlled-release processes or technology.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

The state wherein the person is well adjusted.

Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.

Standardized tests designed to measure abilities, as in intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests, or to evaluate personality traits.

Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

The study of the structure, growth, activities, and functions of NEURONS and the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Disorders characterized by proliferation of lymphoid tissue, general or unspecified.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.

The human ability to adapt in the face of tragedy, trauma, adversity, hardship, and ongoing significant life stressors.

Dominance of one cerebral hemisphere over the other in cerebral functions.

An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.

The personal cost of acute or chronic disease. The cost to the patient may be an economic, social, or psychological cost or personal loss to self, family, or immediate community. The cost of illness may be reflected in absenteeism, productivity, response to treatment, peace of mind, or QUALITY OF LIFE. It differs from HEALTH CARE COSTS, meaning the societal cost of providing services related to the delivery of health care, rather than personal impact on individuals.

A social science dealing with group relationships, patterns of collective behavior, and social organization.

Created 7 April 1992 as a result of the division of Yugoslavia.

Methods of detecting genetic etiology in human traits. The basic premise of twin studies is that monozygotic twins, being formed by the division of a single fertilized ovum, carry identical genes, while dizygotic twins, being formed by the fertilization of two ova by two different spermatozoa, are genetically no more similar than two siblings born after separate pregnancies. (Last, J.M., A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

A form of therapy in which two or more patients participate under the guidance of one or more psychotherapists for the purpose of treating emotional disturbances, social maladjustments, and psychotic states.

Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.

Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.

Behavior-response patterns that characterize the individual.

Syndromes which feature DYSKINESIAS as a cardinal manifestation of the disease process. Included in this category are degenerative, hereditary, post-infectious, medication-induced, post-inflammatory, and post-traumatic conditions.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

A condition associated with the use of certain medications and characterized by an internal sense of motor restlessness often described as an inability to resist the urge to move.

Sensation of enjoyment or gratification.

Female parents, human or animal.

The aggregate of social and cultural institutions, forms, patterns, and processes that influence the life of an individual or community.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Behavioral manifestations of cerebral dominance in which there is preferential use and superior functioning of either the left or the right side, as in the preferred use of the right hand or right foot.

Frequency and quality of negative emotions, e.g., anger or hostility, expressed by family members or significant others, that often lead to a high relapse rate, especially in schizophrenic patients. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 7th ed)

Non-invasive methods of visualizing the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM, especially the brain, by various imaging modalities.

Interaction between a mother and child.

Anxiety experienced by an individual upon separation from a person or object of particular significance to the individual.

Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.

Statistical interpretation and description of a population with reference to distribution, composition, or structure.

Acquired or developmental conditions marked by an impaired ability to comprehend or generate spoken forms of language.

Diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system. This includes disorders of the brain, spinal cord, cranial nerves, peripheral nerves, nerve roots, autonomic nervous system, neuromuscular junction, and muscle.

A syndrome characterized by depressions that recur annually at the same time each year, usually during the winter months. Other symptoms include anxiety, irritability, decreased energy, increased appetite (carbohydrate cravings), increased duration of sleep, and weight gain. SAD (seasonal affective disorder) can be treated by daily exposure to bright artificial lights (PHOTOTHERAPY), during the season of recurrence.

A person's view of himself.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4.

The combined effects of genotypes and environmental factors together on phenotypic characteristics.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

A characteristic symptom complex.

The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

Disorders whose essential features are the failure to resist an impulse, drive, or temptation to perform an act that is harmful to the individual or to others. Individuals experience an increased sense of tension prior to the act and pleasure, gratification or release of tension at the time of committing the act.

Predicting delayed anxiety and depression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. (1/4586)

The aim of this study was to examine the possibility of predicting anxiety and depression 6 months after a cancer diagnosis on the basis of measures of anxiety, depression, coping and subjective distress associated with the diagnosis and to explore the possibility of identifying individual patients with high levels of delayed anxiety and depression associated with the diagnosis. A consecutive series of 159 patients with gastrointestinal cancer were interviewed in connection with the diagnosis, 3 months (non-cured patients only) and 6 months later. The interviews utilized structured questionnaires assessing anxiety and depression [Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) scale], coping [Mental Adjustment to Cancer (MAC) scale] and subjective distress [Impact of Event (IES) scale]. Patient anxiety and depression close to the diagnosis were found to explain approximately 35% of the variance in anxiety and depression that was found 6 months later. The addition of coping and subjective distress measures did little to improve that prediction. A model using (standardized) cut-off scores of moderate to high anxiety, depression (HAD) and intrusive thoughts (IES subscale) close to the diagnosis to identify patients at risk for delayed anxiety and depression achieved a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 98%. Levels of anxiety and depression at diagnosis predicted a similar status 6 months later. The results also indicated that the HAD scale in combination with the IES intrusion subscale may be used as a tool for detecting patients at risk of delayed anxiety and depression. (+info)

Executive function in depression: the role of performance strategies in aiding depressed and non-depressed participants. (2/4586)

OBJECTIVES: Depression has been found to be associated with dysfunction in executive processes, whereas relatively automatic processes are thought to remain intact. Failure to generate or implement adequate performance strategies has been postulated in depressed participants. The present study investigated spontaneous strategy usage in depressed and control participants, and the effectiveness of providing a hint about performance strategies. METHODS: Unipolar depressed participants were compared with matched healthy controls on three tasks sensitive to executive function: memory for categorised words, response suppression, and multiple scheduling. Participants in each group were randomly allocated to strategy aid and no strategy aid conditions. Those in the strategy aid condition were given a hint about the use of an appropriate performance strategy for each task, in addition to the standard instructions given to those in the no strategy aid condition. RESULTS: Depressed participants performed worse than controls on each of the three tasks, and were found to use appropriate performance strategies less often. Provision of strategy hints increased the use of performance strategies in two of the three tasks, memory for categorised words, and response suppression, but did not significantly improve overall performance for either group. CONCLUSIONS: The findings were consistent with the view that depressed participants fail to use appropriate performance strategies spontaneously to the same extent as controls. However, provision of information alone does not seem to be an adequate means of enhancing performance. The role of performance strategies in cognitive impairment in depression is discussed, both in terms of initiating use of such strategies and carrying these out efficiently. (+info)

Ten year follow-up of depression after diagnosis in general practice. (3/4586)

BACKGROUND: Depression is a serious illness with a high recurrence rate, mortality, and suicide rate, and a substantial loss of quality of life. Long-term course of depression, in particular of patients not referred to specialist care, is not completely clear. We performed a study in which the course of depression in general practice was studied for 10 years after the first diagnosis. AIM: To learn more about long-term course and outcome of patients with depressive illness for a full 10 years after diagnosis. METHOD: A historic cohort study with 386 patients classified as depressive before January 1984, recruited from four general practices belonging to the Continuous Morbidity Registry of the University of Nijmegen in The Netherlands. This cohort was followed up for 10 years. Mortality was compared with a control group matched for age, sex, social class, and practice. Of 222 patients out of this cohort who could be followed up for a full 10 years after diagnosis, the case records were studied in detail. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was found in mortality between the 386 patients and the control group. Recurrence of depressive episodes did not occur in about 60% of the 222 patients (confidence interval 54% to 67%). Of the depressive patients, 15% were referred to secondary care and 9% were admitted to hospital. CONCLUSION: Mortality, suicide, and recurrence rate were lower than expected, taking into account what is known from depression studies in psychiatry. These results stress the importance of long-term prospective follow-up studies of all patients with depression because of the emphasis on case-finding and treatment without exact knowledge of long-term course and outcome of patients who were not referred. (+info)

The impact of depression on the physical health of family members. (4/4586)

BACKGROUND: Depressive illness is common. Depression in one family member is associated with an increased incidence of psychopathology in other family members. There are no data on the physical well being of the families of depressed individuals. AIM: To compare physical morbidity of family members of depressed patients with that of family members of comparison patients. METHOD: A comparative follow-up study from case notes. Two hundred and one subjects from 88 families with an index family member diagnosed with depression ('depression families') were compared with 200 subjects from 88 families with a matched index subject without depression ('comparison families'), using the Duke University Illness Severity Scores (ISS) to assess burden of illness experienced by both groups. RESULTS: The cumulative incidence of depression over 11 months in depression families was 8.9% compared to 1.4% in the Family Practice Unit as a whole. Members of depression families had significantly greater ISS than members of comparison families (difference in means = 0.164; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.113-0.215; P < 0.001). Excluding family members with depression (in addition to the index subject), ISS of members of depression families remained significantly greater than the comparison group (difference in means = 0.136; 95% CI 0.083-0.189; P < 0.001). Among depression families, mean ISS was significantly higher after presentation of depression in index subjects compared with before (difference in means = 0.155; 95% CI 0.115-0.194; P < 0.0001). No significant difference was seen between ISS of depression and comparison families before presentation of depression (difference in means = 0.008; 95% CI -0.004-0.058; P = 0.74). CONCLUSION: Depression in patients is associated with increased physical morbidity in their families. (+info)

Modeling geriatric depression in animals: biochemical and behavioral effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. (5/4586)

Geriatric depression exhibits biological and therapeutic differences relative to early-onset depression. We studied olfactory bulbectomy (OBX), a paradigm that shares major features of human depression, in young versus aged rats to determine mechanisms underlying these differences. Young OBX rats showed locomotor hyperactivity and a loss of passive avoidance and tactile startle. In contrast, aged OBX animals maintained avoidance and startle responses but showed greater locomotor stimulation; the aged group also exhibited decreased grooming and suppressed feeding with novel presentation of chocolate milk, effects which were not seen in young OBX. These behavioral contrasts were accompanied by greater atrophy of the frontal/parietal cortex and midbrain in aged OBX. Serotonin transporter sites were increased in the cortex and hippocampus of young OBX rats, but were decreased in the aged OBX group. Cell signaling cascades also showed age-dependent effects, with increased adenylyl cyclase responses to monoaminergic stimulation in young OBX but no change or a decrease in aged OBX. These data indicate that there are biological distinctions in effects of OBX in young and aged animals, which, if present in geriatric depression, provide a mechanistic basis for differences in biological markers and drug responses. OBX may provide a useful animal model with which to test therapeutic interventions for geriatric depression. (+info)

Sustained antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation combined with pindolol in bipolar depression. A placebo-controlled trial. (6/4586)

Total sleep deprivation (TSD) shows powerful but transient clinical effects in patients affected by bipolar depression. Pindolol blocks the serotonergic 5-HT1A autoreceptor, thus improving the antidepressant effect of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. We evaluated the interaction of TSD and pindolol in the treatment of acute episodes of bipolar depression. Forty bipolar depressed inpatients were randomized to receive pindolol 7.5 mg/day or placebo for nine days in combination with three consecutive TSD cycles. Pindolol significantly improved the antidepressant effect of TSD, and prevented the short-term relapse after treatment. The response rate (HDRS scores < 8) at the end of treatment was 15/20 for pindolol, and 3/20 for placebo. Coadministration of pindolol and TSD resulted in a complete response, which could be sustained for six months with lithium salts alone, in 65% of cases. This results suggest a major role for serotonergic transmission in the mechanism of action of TSD, and makes TSD treatment more effective in the treatment of bipolar depression. (+info)

Depression during the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. (7/4586)

This prospective research investigated the occurrence and persistence of depression during the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. The research goals were to (1) compare depression in schizophrenia with that in schizoaffective and major depressive disorders, (2) assess whether some schizophrenia patients are vulnerable to depression, and (3) assess the relationship of depression to posthospital adjustment in schizophrenia. A total of 70 schizophrenia, 31 schizoaffective depressed, 17 psychotic unipolar major depressed, and 69 nonpsychotic unipolar major depressed patients were assessed during hospitalization and prospectively assessed for depression, psychosis, and posthospital functioning at 4.5- and 7.5-year followups. A large number (30% to 40%) of schizophrenia patients evidenced full depressive syndromes at each followup, including a subgroup of patients who evidenced repeated depression. Even when considering the influence of psychosis on outcome, depression in schizophrenia was associated with poor overall outcome, work impairment, lower activity, dissatisfaction, and suicidal tendencies. During the post-acute phase assessed, neither the rates nor the severity of depressive syndromes differentiated depression in schizophrenia from schizodepressive or major depressive disorders. However, the depressed schizophrenia patients showed poorer posthospital adjustment in terms of less employment, more rehospitalizations, and more psychosis than the patients with primary major depression. The high prevalence of depression in schizophrenia warrants its incorporation into theory about the disorder. A continuum of vulnerability to depression contributes to the heterogeneity of schizophrenia, with some schizophrenia patients being prone to depression even years after the acute phase. Depression in schizophrenia is one factor, in addition to psychosis, associated with poor outcome and requires specific attention to the treatment strategies by psychiatrists. (+info)

Effects of fluoxetine on the polysomnogram in outpatients with major depression. (8/4586)

This study investigated the effects of open-label fluoxetine (20 mg/d) on the polysomnogram (PSG) in depressed outpatients (n = 58) who were treated for 5 weeks, after which dose escalation was available (< or = 40 mg/d), based on clinical judgment. Thirty-six patients completed all 10 weeks of acute phase treatment and responded (HRS-D < or = 10). PSG assessments were conducted and subjective sleep evaluations were gathered at baseline and at weeks 1, 5, and 10. Of the 36 subjects who completed the acute phase, 17 were reevaluated after 30 weeks on continuation phase treatment and 13 after approximately 7 weeks (range 6-8 weeks) following medication discontinuation. Acute phase treatment in responders was associated with significant increases in REM latency, Stage 1 sleep, and REM density, as well as significant decreases in sleep efficiency, total REM sleep, and Stage 2 sleep. Conversely, subjective measures of sleep indicated a steady improvement during acute phase treatment. After fluoxetine was discontinued, total REM sleep and sleep efficiency were found to be increased as compared to baseline. (+info)

... persistent depressive disorder, and minor depressive disorder. Dysthymic disorder was a subsection in the DSM-IV-TR under mood ... "Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)". There are differences between persistent depressive disorder and minor depressive ... Minor depressive disorder is very similar to major depressive disorder in the symptoms present. Generally, a person's mood is ... Minor depressive disorder differs from major depressive disorder in the number of symptoms present with 5 or more symptoms ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minor_depressive_disorder

Under mood disorders, ICD-11 classifies major depressive disorder as either single episode depressive disorder (where there is ... 6A70 Single episode depressive disorder and 6A71 Recurrent depressive disorder "Diagnostic Criteria for Major Depressive ... These two disorders are classified as "Depressive disorders", in the category of "Mood disorders". According to DSM-5, there ... Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a mental disorder characterized by at least two weeks of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_depressive_disorder

Many researchers believe that depressive personality disorder is so highly comorbid with other depressive disorders, manic- ... Any individual depressive may exhibit none, or one or more of the following: Not all patients with a depressive disorder fall ... Dysthymic disorder is diagnosed by looking at the somatic senses, the more tangible senses. Depressive personality disorder is ... Depressive personality disorder (also known as melancholic personality disorder) is a psychiatric diagnosis that denotes a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressive_personality_disorder

"Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder". Disorders.org. "Mixed Anxiety-Depressive Disorder: Definition, Causes, and Treatment". ... Around 60% of individuals with major depressive disorder also experience a form of anxiety disorder, so the disorders are often ... mixed anxiety-depressive disorder is often not as severe or with less symptoms than comorbid anxiety and depressive disorders. ... Mixed anxiety-depressive disorder (MADD) is a diagnostic category defining patients who have both anxiety and depressive ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed_anxiety–depressive_disorder

... (DD-NOS) is designated by the code 311 in the DSM-IV for depressive disorders that ... A diagnosis of the disorder will look like: "Depressive Disorder NOS 311". Accurately assessing for a specific Depressive ... Examples of disorders in this category include those sometimes described as minor depressive disorder and recurrent brief ... According to the DSM-IV, DD-NOS encompasses "any depressive disorder that does not meet the criteria for a specific disorder." ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressive_Disorder_Not_Otherwise_Specified

Ting EY, Yang AC, Tsai SJ (March 2020). "Role of Interleukin-6 in Depressive Disorder". International Journal of Molecular ... Slavich GM, Irwin MR (May 2014). "From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: a social signal transduction ... Belmaker RH, Agam G (January 2008). "Major depressive disorder". The New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (1): 55-68. doi: ... "Anti-inflammatory treatment for major depressive disorder: implications for patients with an elevated immune profile and non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_and_immune_function

Belmaker RH, Agam G (January 2008). "Major depressive disorder". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (1): 55-68. doi:10.1056/ ... Cottingham C, Wang Q (November 2012). "α2 Adrenergic receptor dysregulation in depressive disorders: implications for the ... This release of noradrenaline has a potential value in the treatment of disorders which are associated with a deficiency of ... adrenoceptors to increase brain levels of noradrenalin is insufficient as a neurobiological basis for depressive disorders, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluparoxan

... and a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia. Physical causes are ruled out with a ... A round of ECT is effective for about 50% of people with treatment-resistant major depressive disorder, whether it is unipolar ... TMS was approved by the FDA for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder in 2008 and as of 2014 clinical evidence supports ... Hausenblas HA, Saha D, Dubyak PJ, Anton SD (November 2013). "Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) and major depressive disorder: a meta- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_depression

There is some evidence to suggest that the under-functioning of CREB is associated with major depressive disorder. Depressed ... From post-mortem examinations it has also been shown that the cortices of patients with untreated major depressive disorder ... Dysfunction of these neurotransmitters is also implicated in major depressive disorder. CREB is also thought to be involved in ... Belmaker, R. H.; Agam, Galila (2008). "Major depressive disorder". New England Journal of Medicine. 358 (1): 55-68. doi:10.1056 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CREB

"Major Depressive Disorder". "Data science award advisory committee". MQ: Transforming Mental Health. "Basic Science Interview ... Shen, X; Howard, DM; Adams, MJ; Hill, WD; Clarke, TK; Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics, ... Major Depressive Disorder Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium; Trzaskowski, M; Byrne, EM; Ripke, S; Smith, DJ ... Fellowship and a Scottish Funding Council Senior Clinical Fellowship McIntosh is co-chair of the Major Depressive Disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_M._McIntosh

"FAQs". Hall-Flavin, Daniel K. (19 January 2016). "Depression (major depressive disorder)". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 1 September ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmite

LPIN2 Major depressive disorder 1; 608516; MDD1 Major depressive disorder 2; 608516; MDD2 Male infertility with large-headed, ... CTDP1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ia; 212065; PMM2 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ic; 603147; ALG6 ... ALG3 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ie; 608799; DPM1 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type If; 609180; MPDU1 ... ALG12 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ih; 608104; ALG8 Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Ii; 607906; ALG2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

Bianchi R, Schonfeld IS, Laurent E (2014). "Is burnout a depressive disorder? A re-examination with special focus on atypical ... The two main classification systems of psychological disorders are the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( ... found that a number of work environment factors could affect the risk of developing exhaustion disorder or depressive symptoms ... stress disorder Adjustment disorder Chronic fatigue syndrome Depression Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis Mental disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_burnout

Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2014). Is burnout a depressive disorder? A reexamination with special focus on ... Ahola, K.; Hakenen, J. (2007). "Job strain, burnout, and depressive symptoms: A prospective study among dentists". Journal of ... Affective Disorders. 104 (1-3): 103-110. doi:10.1016/j.jad.2007.03.004. PMID 17448543. Gil-Monte, P. R. (2005). "Factorial ... should not be confused with the same term used in psychiatry and clinical psychology as a hallmark of dissociative disorder. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maslach_Burnout_Inventory

... s are a class of medication used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic pain conditions, ... Work Group on Major Depressive Disorder (October 2010). "Practice Guideline for the Treatment of Patients With Major Depressive ... Antidepressants are prescribed to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, chronic pain, and some addictions. ... they are frequently used as antidepressants for the treatment of major depressive disorder, anxiety and panic disorder. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antidepressant

His diagnosis was major depressive disorder. Dora Leplin, a seamstress, raised Leplin, then called "Manny", by herself. Daniel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emanuel_Leplin

November 2021). "Global prevalence and burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in 204 countries and territories in 2020 due ... July 2014). "Temporal discounting in major depressive disorder". Psychological Medicine. 44 (9): 1825-1834. doi:10.1017/ ... treatment of associated disorders and lost productivity cost the U.S. more than $400 billion every year. About 40 percent of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_despair

When the course of depressive episodes follows a seasonal pattern, the disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, ... The mood disorders are a group of disorders considered to be primary disturbances of mood. These include major depressive ... Depressed mood is a symptom of some mood disorders such as major depressive disorder or dysthymia; it is a normal temporary ... Outside the mood disorders: borderline personality disorder often features an extremely intense depressive mood; adjustment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depression_(mood)

Major depressive disorder, Mood disorders, Anatomy, Causes of mental disorders, Biological psychiatry, Behavioral neuroscience) ... "Subcortical brain alterations in major depressive disorder: findings from the ENIGMA Major Depressive Disorder working group". ... a meta-analysis of structural and functional alterations in major depressive disorder". Journal of Affective Disorders. 140 (2 ... In major depressive disorder, anxiety is often a part of the emotional state that characterizes depression. The Mind Fixers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology_of_depression

Major depressive disorder 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MDD2 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center ... "Entrez Gene: Major depressive disorder 2". Retrieved 2017-09-15. v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDD2

About 10% develop major depressive disorder; others experience an adjustment disorder. In young adult cancer survivors, one ... Twombly R (February 2001). "Post-traumatic stress disorder in childhood cancer survivors: how common is it?". Journal of the ... Being married reduces the cancer survivor's risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder or other psychological ... small study found that 20% of participants met the full clinical diagnosis of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and 45% to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancer_survivor

Turecki leads the Depressive Disorders Program, a clinical group that treats patients affected with major depression and ... He holds a Tier 1 Canada Research Chair Tier in Major Depressive Disorder and Suicide. He is the sitting Chair of the ... "Depressive Disorders Program". Retrieved 15 April 2020. "The Brain Bank , The Douglas Bell Canada Brain Bank". douglasbrainbank ... where he heads both the McGill Group for Suicide Studies and the Depressive Disorders Program, and is the co-director of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_Turecki

"Mood Stabilizers for Bipolar Disorder (Manic Depressive)". Leeheymd.com. 2003-08-01. Retrieved 2011-11-21. Wing DA, Powers B, ... the FDA for the treatment of bipolar disorder and is widely prescribed off-label as a treatment for major depressive disorder, ... Carbamazepine, or Tegretol, has been used as a mood stabilizer and is accepted treatment for bipolar disorder. Clomiphene ( ... Lithium is recommended for the treatment of schizophrenic disorders only after other antipsychotics have failed; it has limited ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_drugs_known_for_off-label_use

"Structural neuroimaging studies in major depressive disorder. Meta-analysis and comparison with bipolar disorder". Archives of ... impairment of delayed recall and the cumulative length of depressive disorder in a large sample of depressed outpatients". The ... It has further been proposed that many of the changes seen are present at the start of the disorder which gives weight to the ... Disorders, Institute of Medicine (US) Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System (2011). Overview of the Glutamatergic System. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus

... of their depressive episodes. These episodes tend to be more chronic than those of major depressive disorder and only have ... obsessive-compulsive disorder), bipolar disorder, or personality disorders (such as borderline personality disorder, avoidant ... Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder tend to have atypical features, as does depression with seasonal patterns. Significant ... Several studies conducted in patients diagnosed with a depressive disorder show that about 40% exhibit atypical symptoms, with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atypical_depression

... such as major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, or substance abuse. ... major depressive disorder) - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2019-08-30. "Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) - ... "Anxiety disorders - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2019-08-30. Gandhi TK, Burstin HR, Cook EF, Puopolo AL, Haas ... Diabetes mellitus, also known simply as diabetes, is a disorder of the regulation of blood glucose (a common type of sugar) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complication_(medicine)

... is indicated for the treatment of major depressive disorder and neuropathic pain and for the prevention of ... Leucht C, Huhn M, Leucht S (December 2012). "Amitriptyline versus placebo for major depressive disorder". The Cochrane Database ... Leucht C, Huhn M, Leucht S (December 2012). "Amitriptyline versus placebo for major depressive disorder". Cochrane Database ... major depressive disorder and a variety of pain syndromes from neuropathic pain to fibromyalgia to migraine and tension ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amitriptyline

Major depressive disorder (MDD) Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) Social anxiety disorder ... are a class of antidepressant drugs used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), anxiety disorders, obsessive-compulsive ... Frampton JE, Plosker GL (2007). "Duloxetine: a review of its use in the treatment of major depressive disorder". CNS Drugs. 21 ... The condition for which SNRIs are mostly indicated, major depressive disorder, is thought to be mainly caused by decreased ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin–norepinephrine_reuptake_inhibitor

They were re-classified as Class II devices, for treatment of catatonia, major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder, in ... when used to treat catatonia or a severe major depressive episode associated with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder ... major depressive disorder, and bipolar disorder. This may result in the manufacturers of such devices having to do controlled ... depressive disorders, and bipolar disorder and in the Chinese literature, ECT is an effective treatment for schizophrenia and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electroconvulsive_therapy

"Depression (major depressive disorder) - Symptoms and causes". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2019-04-24. Benson MD, Herbert; ( 2000) ( ... For example, the psychiatric condition major depressive disorder often manifests physically in the forms of excessive sleeping ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodymind

Baldwin, Robert C. (2005). "Is vascular depression a distinct sub-type of depressive disorder? A review of causal evidence". ... "Cerebral Hypoxia Information Page". National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. National Institutes of Health. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_ischemia

Derstine T, Lanocha K, Wahlstrom C, Hutton TM (November 2010). "Transcranial magnetic stimulation for major depressive disorder ... The cerebellum is a high potential target for neuromodulation of neurological and psychiatric disorders due to the high density ... Moving Towards Clinical Applications for Cerebellar and Extra-Cerebellar Disorders". The Cerebellum. 17 (3): 259-263. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-invasive_cerebellar_stimulation

... bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder), that mass shootings have become more common than other forms of mass murder since ... However, like the APA, the researchers emphasized that having a formal mental health disorder diagnosis is more predictive of ... and a psychotic disorder in only 3 cases). The survey concludes that given the high lifetime prevalence of the symptoms of ... and that only one-fourth of active shooters surveyed had a formal diagnosis of any mental health disorder ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States

Jefferson JW, Pradko JF, Muir KT (November 2005). "Bupropion for major depressive disorder: Pharmacokinetic and formulation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threohydrobupropion

Rodent models of maternal separation also reveal increased depressive-like behavior in offspring, decreased stress coping ... Human studies investigating posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its effects on offspring have illustrated similar ... Epigenetics of anxiety and stress-related disorders Transgenerational trauma Internal working model of attachment § ... and anxiety-related disorders in future generations. Variations in maternal care, such as maternal licking and grooming, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenerational_stress_inheritance

... body dysmorphic disorder and depression. These depressive effects can worsen especially when people feel their body can not ... a possible way to treat body image disturbance in eating disorders: a case-control efficacy study". Eating and Weight Disorders ... Eating Disorders. 12 (1): 21-34. doi:10.1080/10640260490267742. PMID 16864302. S2CID 12491583. Greenberg, B.; Eastin, M.; ... "Does self-compassion buffer the detrimental effect of body shame on depressive symptoms?". Body Image. 34: 175-183. doi:10.1016 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_shaming

... "paranoid schizophrenic manic-depressive". He killed himself in December 1969 after they had been married for 11 months. She ... Noel founded the Women's Interactive Network in 1985 to help women with Post-traumatic stress disorder. In 1993, she opened a ... which with surviving assault attacks in the war caused post-traumatic stress disorder, the Vietnam Veterans of America joined ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris_Noel

June 2013). "Potential roles of zinc in the pathophysiology and treatment of major depressive disorder". Neuroscience and ... Ikeda M, Ikui A, Komiyama A, Kobayashi D, Tanaka M (February 2008). "Causative factors of taste disorders in the elderly, and ... Low plasma zinc levels have been alleged to be associated with many psychological disorders. Schizophrenia has been linked to ... Millichap JG, Yee MM (February 2012). "The diet factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Pediatrics. 129 (2): 330-7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency

Once again, studies have shown a bidirectional nature between depressive symptoms and lack of sleep due to stress. Long-term/ ... One month after the coronavirus outbreak, a study determined a frequency of PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder) symptoms ... There is a strong association between lack of sleep and increased irritability, depression, and anxiety disorders. The working ... is developed in response to these events/stressors which in turn causes emotional disorders and later life sleeping disorders. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress_and_sleep

Gach would later state his poor performance in Louisiana was an act of deliberate self-sabotage brought on by depressive ... People with bipolar disorder, People from Schenectady, New York, 1952 births, 2015 deaths, Shock jocks). ... announced that he had been diagnosed with bipolar disorder and had attempted suicide. After undergoing another round of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._R._Gach

"Anxiety Disorders". Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association. May 2013 ... feeling depressive that death is inescapable, 5) then finally acceptance. Developmental psychologist Erik Erikson formulated ... Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 59: 64-73. doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.09.004. ISSN 0887-6185. PMID 30308474. S2CID 52965504. ... enable psychologists to adequately determine if a person is under stress due to death anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_anxiety

... album based and created in the midst of Beer's major depressive episode and diagnosis with borderline personality disorder. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Support_(Madison_Beer_album)

... major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, and identifying biomarkers for better diagnosis and novel ... The Pritzker Neuropsychiatric Disorders Research Consortium is a collaborative research enterprise by leading academic and ... The consortium is focused on discovering the neurobiological and genetic causes of three major psychiatric disorders, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pritzker_Neuropsychiatric_Disorders_Research_Consortium

Catastrophic thinking has widely been recognized in the development and maintenance of hypochondriasis and anxiety disorders. ... spouse catastrophizing about a partner's chronic pain was related to depressive and pain severity levels in both spouses. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pain_Catastrophizing_Scale

... the benefits of expressive writing for people diagnosed with major depressive disorder". Journal of Affective Disorders. 150 (3 ... The results of a preliminary study of 40 people diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder suggests that routinely engaging in ... This activity has not only been linked to alleviate the symptoms related to mental health disorders, but also provides those in ... Chu Q, Wu IH, Tang M, Tsoh J, Lu Q (August 2020). "Temporal relationship of posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_therapy

... is used as a pill to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, and chronic hives, and for short-term help ... class used to treat major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, chronic hives, and insomnia. For hives it is a less preferred ... "Sleep Disorder (Sedative-Hypnotic) Drug Information - U.S. FDA". Food and Drug Administration. 13 June 2017. Retrieved 9 August ... Qaseem A, Kansagara D, Forciea MA, Cooke M, Denberg TD (July 2016). "Management of Chronic Insomnia Disorder in Adults: A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxepin

"FDA grants Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Usona Institute's psilocybin program for major depressive disorder". Business ... granted Breakthrough Therapy Designation for studies of psilocybin in depressive disorders. The legality of the cultivation, ... Bui, Eric; King, Franklin; Melaragno, Andrew (December 1, 2019). "Pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders in the 21st century: A ... anxiety and mood disorders. In 2018-19, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psilocybin_mushroom

... and autism spectrum disorder. Recolonization of gut flora can be used effectively in the treatment of mental disorders because ... In studies with mice, probiotic treatment reduced anxiety and depressive behaviors, reversed the impact of maternal separation ... The gut microbiome has been implicated in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) due to its high comorbidity with gastrointestinal ... Grossi, E; Melli, S; Dunca, D; Terruzzi, V (2016). "Unexpected improvement in core autism spectrum disorder symptoms after long ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacteriotherapy

Anger attacks are found in 40% of those with major depressive disorder with 64-71% of cases responding to an SSRI such as ... severe anger is not a recognized disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. This manual is used as ... Problems dealing with angry feelings may be linked to psychological disorders such as anxiety or depression. Angry outbursts ... Middle school students with emotional disorders who completed regular "anger logs" showed pronounced improvement of anger ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anger_management

A Danish twin study of manic-depressive disorders. British Journal of Psychiatry 130: 330-351. Ferrari A J, Stockings E, Khoo J ... such as anxiety disorders, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, complaining disorders and bonding disorders (emotional ... Bipolar Disorders 15: 394-404. Wesseloo R, Kamperman A M, Munk-Olsen T, Pop V J M, Kushner S A, Bergink V (2016) Risk of ... Postpartum bipolar disorders must be distinguished from a long list of organic psychoses that can present in the puerperium, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postpartum_psychosis

... depressive tendencies, and classical background. Simone was diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the late 1980s. She was known ... Simone was diagnosed with bipolar disorder by a friend of De Bruin, who prescribed Trilafon for her. Despite the illness, it ... People with bipolar disorder, Philips Records artists, RCA Victor artists, Roman Catholic activists, Singer-songwriters from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nina_Simone

... may refer to: MDP syndrome, a rare genetic disorder Manic depressive psychosis, also known as bipolar disorder Mesolimbic ... a digital display interface Manic Depressive Psychosis (band), an Armenian metal band Management Development Programme, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDP

Free full text] Savitz J, Lucki I, Drevets WC (May 2009). "5-HT(1A) receptor function in major depressive disorder". Progress ... In preeclampsia (a hypertensive disorder commonly occurring in pregnant women), the level of a miRNA sequence possibly ... including some or all subtypes of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Indeed, long-standing observations such ... and long-term adaptations seen in response to stressors and may be critical to the understanding of psychological disorders, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoid_receptor

Many mental health disorders, including major depressive disorder, anxiety disorders, borderline personality disorder, ... substance use disorders, and eating disorders, can be conceptualized through the lens of social emotional development, most ... Many of the core symptoms of autism spectrum disorder reflect abnormalities in social emotional developmental areas, including ... such as genetic disorders, physical limitations, or linguistic and cognitive developmental level, as well as contextual factors ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_emotional_development

Occupations and the prevalence of major depressive disorder. Journal of Occupational Medicine, 32(11), 1079-1087. Wang J. (2005 ... such as substance use disorders and co-morbid mental disorders, can affect patients. However, personality disorders can also ... Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) involve injury and pain to the joints and muscles. Approximately 2.5 million workers in the US ... Prior to their first episode of the disorder, the schizophrenic patients were more likely than the well controls and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_health_psychology

She wrote about her tough battle with chronic depression and bi-polar disorder. On 15 July 2013 she released her fourth studio ... song lyrics and personal diary entries that offer an insight into the creativity of a manic depressive mind. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Maguire_(singer)

It can also cause severe fatigue and some cases cause depressive episodes. It is somewhat similar to other genetic connective ... Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder) and ASD (autism spectrum disorder). Hypermobility spectrum disorders are diagnosed ... peripheral hypermobility spectrum disorder, or localised hypermobility spectrum disorder. In comparison to the diagnostic ... "Prevalence of ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children with Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders or Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypermobility_spectrum_disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder, Memory disorders, Cognitive modeling). ... and more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Some studies have found that providing contextual information before ... Dual representation theory (DRT) is a psychological theory of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) developed by Chris Brewin, ... Rubin, David C.; Boals, Adriel; Berntsen, Dorthe (2008). "Memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: Properties of voluntary and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dual_representation_theory

... schizophrenia and major depressive disorder in the Han Chinese population". The British Journal of Psychiatry. 204 (1): 36-39. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Li_Tao_(psychiatrist)

... studies have shown that alprazolam and adinazolam have antidepressant activities in patients with major depressive disorder. ... Studies in y2 knockout mice have shown that they display increased anxiety and depressive-like symptoms in despair based tests ... so these studies do not show which of the α subunits are related to the depressive like symptoms. Other studies with α2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABAA_receptor_positive_allosteric_modulator

... the initial depressive reaction can intensify and evolve into a clinically full-blown depressive episode. The depressive ... Depressive reactions, which can involve sad mood but not the physical signs and symptoms of a major depressive episode, occur ... American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Shelton C. Journal of Clinical ... Depressive reaction. A less-severe and often temporary depression that arises from a specific life situation. In modern ...

https://www.webmd.com/depression/understanding-depression-basics

Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a chronic (ongoing) type of depression in which a persons moods are regularly low. ... Fava M, Østergaard SD, Cassano P. Mood disorders: depressive disorders (major depressive disorder). In: Stern TA, Fava M, ... Persistent depressive disorder (dysthymia). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 5th ed. Arlington, VA: ... Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a chronic (ongoing) type of depression in which a persons moods are regularly low. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000918.htm

Initial Treatment Approaches for Patients With Major Depressive Disorder. George I. Papakostas ... The mainstay of treatment for major depressive disorder has been antidepressant monotherapy or, preferably, the combination of ... Zuranolone was associated with improvements in depressive and anxiety symptoms and was beneficial for insomnia and patient- ... Baclofen, a French Exception, Seriously Harms Alcohol Use Disorder Patients Without Benefit To the Editor: Dr Andrades ...

https://www.psychiatrist.com/jcp/depression/initial-treatment-approaches-patients-major-depressive/

How familiar are you with the management of major depressive disorder? Test your knowledge with this quick quiz. ... Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of about 5%-17%. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/987921

depressive disorder. Fava GA, Ruini C, Rafanelli C, et al. Six-year outcome of cognitive behavior therapy for prevention of ... 45 patients with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder who were having their third or subsequent episode of ... Affective Disorders Program of the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.. Patients:. ...

https://ebm.bmj.com/content/10/3/82

Dysthymic disorder may be diagnosed in pediatric patients, either children or adolescents, when a pervasive depressed or ... encoded search term (Pediatric Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)) and Pediatric Persistent Depressive Disorder ( ... Pediatric Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) Workup. Updated: Nov 22, 2021 * Author: Jeffrey S Forrest, MD; Chief ... Incidence of major depressive disorder and dysthymia in young adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 1997 Apr. 36(4): ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/913941-workup

MCGUIRE and others published Depressive disorders in adults with Down syndrome , Find, read and cite all the research you need ... Keywords: Adolescent; Aripiprazole/therapeutic use; Depressive Disorder/diagnosis; Depressive Disorder/ therapy; Down Syndrome/ ... 9 As far as we know, no previous studies focused on the association of psychotic features and depressive disorder in ... 9 As far as we know, no previous studies focused on the association of psychotic features and depressive disorder in ...

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/242312573_Depressive_disorders_in_adults_with_Down_syndrome

... the initial depressive reaction can intensify and evolve into a clinically full-blown depressive episode. The depressive ... Depressive reactions, which can involve sad mood but not the physical signs and symptoms of a major depressive episode, occur ... "persistent depressive disorder.". What Causes Depression?. No one knows exactly what causes depression, although it appears to ... American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Shelton C. Journal of Clinical ...

https://www.webmd.com/depression/understanding-depression-basics?src=RSS_PUBLIC

... adults with recent symptoms of an anxiety or depressive disorder increased from 36% to 42%. Increases were largest among adults ... adults with recent symptoms of an anxiety or depressive disorder increased from 36% to 42%. Increases were largest among adults ... Percentage of adults aged ≥18 years with symptoms of anxiety disorder, depressive disorder, or anxiety or depressive disorder ... a depressive disorder (7.0% to 6.7%); or an anxiety disorder, a depressive disorder, or both (11.0% to 11.3%) (10). Finally, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7013e2.htm

... from trials of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy to assess its efficacy and safety in treating major depressive disorder. ... Meditation for Major Depressive Disorder. A Systematic Review. by Melony E. Sorbero, Sangeeta C. Ahluwalia, Kerry Reynolds, ... Meditation for Major Depressive Disorder: A Systematic Review, RAND Corporation, RR-1138-OSD, 2015. As of November 29, 2022: ... and reducing antidepressant use in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), and how common and severe are adverse events? ...

https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1138.html

... EMHJ - Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal, 16 ... Early experience of abuse may be viewed as a risk factor for mental disorders in women later in life. This case-control study ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/117904

Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest and can interfere with your ... This disorder typically develops into depressive disorder or anxiety disorder during the teen years or adulthood. ... Depressive disorders. In: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. 5th ed. Arlington, Va.: American ... Persistent depressive disorder. Sometimes called dysthymia (dis-THIE-me-uh), this is a less severe but more chronic form of ...

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/depression/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356013

major depressive disorder, single episode Clinical Research Trial Listings on CenterWatch ... Add-on Buprenorphine at Analgesic Doses for the Treatment of Severe Suicidal Ideas During a Major Depressive Episode (BUPRIS) ... Lithium Effects on the Brains Functional and Structural Connectome in the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Lithium is highly ... This trial attempts to explore the treatment outcome of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) for major depressive episode. Half of ...

https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/search/?q=major%20depressive%20disorder,%20single%20episode

... the latest major depressive disorder medications, major depressive disorder symptoms, and diagnosing major depressive disorder ... FAQs on unipolar major depressive disorder research. How can I access information on unipolar major depressive disorder? You ... you can learn more about unipolar major depressive disorder as well as moderate major depressive disorder, ... Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder Versus Bipolar Disorder: Current Status and Best Clinical Practices. Roger ...

https://www.psychiatrist.com/resources/unipolar-major-depressive-disorder/

How familiar are you with the management of major depressive disorder? Test your knowledge with this quick quiz. ...

https://reference.medscape.com/viewarticle/987921_5

... J Couns Psychol. 2021 Jul;68(4):435-445. doi ... A total of 100 patients received up to 16 sessions of either cognitive or dynamic therapy for major depressive disorder in a ... Gains in insight from the beginning to month 2 of treatment were a significant predictor of decreases of depressive symptoms ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33970657/

... a medication called esketamine was approved by the FDA to treat depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder ( ... Home , Blogs, NAMI Blog, September 2020 , A New Treatment Option for Major Depressive Disorder ... Esketamine is the first and only approved medication that has shown a reduction in depressive symptoms within 24 hours of ... This allows for immediate depressive symptom relief while a longer-term, comprehensive treatment plan for depression can be ...

https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/September-2020/A-New-Treatment-Option-for-Major-Depressive-Disorder

... - Depressed people often feel disconnected from others because theyre not able to ... Persistent depressive disorder is a complex mood disorder. The exact cause of the persistent depressive disorder isnt known. ... What is Persistent Depressive Disorder?. Persistent depressive disorder formally known as dysthymia is a chronic form of ... Ways to cope when living with persistent depressive disorder. Persistent depressive disorder is a chronic condition that can be ...

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/persistent-depressive-disorder-an-overview

Diseases : Depressive Disorder : CK(639) : AC(89). Therapeutic Actions : Exercise : CK(4855) : AC(736), Yoga : CK(3023) : AC( ... Mindful meditation and exercise have positive effects as adjunctive treatments for depressive disorders, although some studies ... For anxiety disorders, exercise and yoga have also shown positive effects, but there are far less data on the effects of ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/article/yoga-and-exercise-positively-affect-depression-and-anxiety

I have recently fallen victim to a new mental illness: Post-Avatar Ecological Depressive Disorder (PAEDD). Dont try to look ... No Garden to Get Back to: Post-Avatar Ecological Depressive Disorder. March 09, 2010 ... For those predisposed to the disorder, PAEDD is triggered by two directly related, yet violently dissonant events: 1) Watching ...

https://www.patheos.com/resources/additional-resources/2010/03/no-garden-to-get-back-to

Co-Variation of Depressive Mood and Spontaneous Physical Activity in Major Depressive Disorder: Towards Continuous Monitoring ... Co-Variation of Depressive Mood and Spontaneous Physical Activity in Major Depressive Disorder: Towards Continuous Monitoring ... The objective evaluation of depressive mood is considered to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders ... of Depressive Mood. Author(s): Jinhyuk Kim, Toru Nakamura, Hiroe Kikuchi, Kazuhiro Yoshiuchi, Tsukasa Sasaki, Yoshiharu ...

https://www.embs.org/jbhi/articles/tag/major-depressive-disorder/

... and who remain at high risk of committing suicide because of the difficulty in treating the disorder. ... Drug therapy may be effective in treating both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder. *Download PDF Copy ... trials that a single drug therapy may be effective in treating both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder.. The ... Tags: Antipsychotic, Anxiety, Bipolar Disorder, Brain, Constipation, Depression, Dopamine, Drugs, Fatigue, Hospital, Hypomania ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/2005/07/06/11511.aspx

The aim of this study was 1) to test the performance of a diagnostic system for major depressive disorders (MDD), based on the ... Sensitivity increased across the severity level of depressive symptoms and reached 73% for patients with severe depressive ... We demonstrate here the validity and acceptability of an ECA to diagnose major depressive disorders. ECAs are promising tools ... are promising software to communicate with patients but no study has tested them in the diagnostic field of mental disorders. ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/srep42656?error=cookies_not_supported&code=cfb80133-56d1-4f27-af86-fb9451dd7211

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) - Hartford CT. ClinicalConnection helps connect participants with clinical trials in their area ...

https://www.clinicalconnection.com/study-details/49364/major-depressive-disorder-mdd-hartford-ct/expp2

Psychotherapy is an effective treatment option for prevention of recurrent depressive attacks as well as for acute treatment of ... cognitive and behavioral disorder. Brain imaging studies support that patients diagnosed with MDD suffer dysfunction in limbic ... along with functional brain imaging studies performed on treated depressive patients. Studies show that CBT lead to changes in ... Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a syndrome, which is quite frequent in the society, can be recurrent and shows symptoms of ...

https://scirp.org/journal/papercitationdetails.aspx?paperid=23509&JournalID=148

... but lasting longer than acute major depressive disorder. Frequently misdiagnosed because the correct criteria to diagnose this ... Persistent depressive disorder includes common forms of depression, ... Antidepressants for major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder in patients with comorbid alcohol use disorders: a meta- ... Treatment of major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder with antidepressants in patients with comorbid opiate use ...

https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/805/references

Research criteria for Depressive Personality Disorder. A. A pervasive pattern of depressive cognitions and behaviors begining ... Home - Depressive Personality Disorder - Summary - Correspondence. Search - Sign Guestbook - View Guestbook - Index ... B. Does not occur exclusively during Major Depressive Episodes and is not better accounted for by Dysthymic Disorder. Source: ... Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-IV. . 4th ed. Washington: APA, 1994. pg. 733. ...

https://ptypes.com/depressivedc.html

"Many people living with major depressive disorder struggle to find a treatment that reduces their depressive symptoms, with ... AbbVie submits sNDA to FDA for major depressive disorder therapy. By vbandhakavi ... "Cariprazine, when added to ongoing antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder, demonstrated that it ... to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). AbbVies sNDA submission is based on data obtained from previous clinical trials. ...

https://pharmaceutical-business-review.com/news/abbvie-snda-major-depressive-disorder-therapy/

Major depression, which affects more than 16% of U.S. adults over a lifetime, often appears spontaneously and is seemingly unprovoked, or it can begin as a depressive reaction following a loss, trauma, or other significant stressful event. (webmd.com)
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a chronic (ongoing) type of depression in which a person's moods are regularly low. (medlineplus.gov)
Although each explored different aspects of depression, they were united in their common cause to transport the most recent research results into the clinical realm in order to bring applicable and effective treatments to bear for this often devastating disorder. (medscape.com)
Evidence on the use of monotherapy MBCT is insufficient to draw conclusions about its efficacy, either to reduce depressive symptoms among those currently depressed or among those with a history of depression to reduce relapse. (rand.org)
Your mental health professional may use the criteria for depression listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published by the American Psychiatric Association. (mayoclinic.org)
Several other disorders, such as those below, include depression as a symptom. (mayoclinic.org)
These mood disorders include mood swings that range from highs (mania) to lows (depression). (mayoclinic.org)
It's sometimes difficult to distinguish between bipolar disorder and depression. (mayoclinic.org)
Other depression disorders. (mayoclinic.org)
Additionally, you can earn CME credit on Psychiatrist.com with activities around unipolar major depressive disorder, MDD symptoms, and major depression disorder treatments. (psychiatrist.com)
This allows for immediate depressive symptom relief while a longer-term, comprehensive treatment plan for depression can be planned and implemented. (nami.org)
Using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale , the study demonstrated a significant, rapid reduction of depressive symptoms within 24 hours of administration. (nami.org)
Persistent depressive disorder formally known as dysthymia is a chronic form of depression in which a person loses interest in normal day-to-day activities. (tutorialspoint.com)
Persistent depressive disorder (PDD) is a condition that is sometimes difficult to be diagnosed because it shares many symptoms with major depression but its severity is milder than major depression. (tutorialspoint.com)
Major depression with other disorders or anxiety disorder. (tutorialspoint.com)
For anxiety disorders, exercise and yoga have also shown positive effects, but there are far less data on the effects of exercise on anxiety than for exercise on depression. (greenmedinfo.com)
The findings are very interesting, like people with depression, people with bipolar disorder have also been found to have low serotonin activity in their brains. (coursera.org)
However, unlike depression, bipolar disorder has been found to be associated with high levels of norepinephrine activity. (coursera.org)
There is a related condition known as Dysthymic Disorder or Dysthymia , which describes a long-lasting mild depression. (mentalhelp.net)
This is the first study of Seroquel in patients with both bipolar I (defined as one fully manic episode with periods of major depression) and bipolar II (defined as periods of hypomania, or high levels of energy and impulsiveness alternating with episodes of major depression), in which researchers specifically studied the drug's impact on the depressive phase of the illness. (news-medical.net)
The SIMSENSEI project by Dr Rizzo and colleagues involved a virtual agent to identify symptoms of depression, anxiety and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 15 , 16 . (nature.com)
Late onset dysthymic disorder and major depression differ from early onset dysthymic disorder and major depression in elderly outpatients. (bmj.com)
It defines depression and three main types of this serious medical condition: major depression, dysthymic disorder/dysthymia and bipolar disorder. (anatomywarehouse.com)
Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide, with more than 264 million people living with the mental disorder, according to the World Health Organisation. (chronicle.gi)
They looked for randomised controlled trials that analysed the effects of yoga on a range of mental health disorders including depression, generalised anxiety, mood disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, stress, psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, panic disorders and substance misuse. (chronicle.gi)
Yoga was found to have a moderate effect in reducing depressive symptoms when compared with usual, no, or self-help treatments for depression. (chronicle.gi)
Depression has become the single most commonly treated mental disorder, amid claims that one out of ten Americans suffer from this disorder every year and 25% succumb at some point in their lives. (ellibs.com)
Warnings that depressive disorder is a leading cause of worldwide disability have been accompanied by a massive upsurge in the consumption of antidepressant medication, widespread screening for depression in clinics and schools, and a push to diagnose depression early, on the basis of just a few symptoms, in order to prevent more severe conditions from developing. (ellibs.com)
With the 1980 publication of the landmark third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), mental health professionals began diagnosing depression based on symptoms--such as depressed mood, loss of appetite, and fatigue--that lasted for at least two weeks. (ellibs.com)
Framed within an evolutionary account of human health and disease, The Loss of Sadness presents a fascinating dissection of depression as both a normal and disordered human emotion and a sweeping critique of current psychiatric diagnostic practices. (ellibs.com)
Note: If criteria are sufficient for a diagnosis of a major depressive episode at any time during the 2-year period of depressed mood, then a separate diagnosis of major depression should be made in addition to the diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder along with the relevant specifier (e.g., with intermittent major depressive episodes, with current episode). (consultant360.com)
Lumateperone 42 mg significantly improved depression symptoms in patients with bipolar I and bipolar II disorders. (clinicaloptions.com)
These results suggest that lumateperone 42 mg may be a promising new treatment for bipolar depression associated with bipolar I or bipolar II disorder. (clinicaloptions.com)
Bipolar II depression may be more prevalent than bipolar I and recent evidence indicate it has higher suicidal completion rates than bipolar I disorder. (clinicaloptions.com)
Methods: Data from 1166 participants of the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) were used, including 266 participants with a recent (1-month) diagnosis of a depressive and/or anxiety disorder, 655 participants with a diagnosis in remission, and 245 healthy controls. (eur.nl)
These interventions are based on the psychoeducational "Coping with Depression" course which has been proven to be effective in the prevention of depressive disorders [ 2 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Subthreshold depression can be defined as clinically relevant depressive symptoms that do not meet the full criteria for a depressive disorder. (biomedcentral.com)
Background: While standardized diagnostic interviews using established criteria are the gold standard for assessing depression, less time consuming measures of depression and depressive symptoms are commonly used in large population health surveys. (rki.de)
Prevalence of 12-month self-reported health professional-diagnosed depression was 3.8% and 8.1% and of current depressive symptoms 6.1% and 10.2% in men and women, respectively. (rki.de)
Results revealed significant depression in 76% of the participants, and a significant positive correlation between Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventories, thus suggesting that, in panic disorder, the higher the anxiety level, the bigger the depression level. (bvsalud.org)
Also known as the inflammatory theory of depression, this explanatory model of endogenous depressive disorders created by British physician and researcher Bruce G. Charlton in 2000, he tries to explain the origin of depression from a physical or organic point of view and not as a psychological reaction. (psychologysays.net)
Subjects were diagnosed by Structured Clinical Interview for DSM disorders (SCID) and their mood was rated by Young mania rating scale (YMRS) and Beck depression inventory (BDI). (ac.ir)
In fact, this schema was higher in patient with major depression disorder than the other two groups. (ac.ir)
After controlling for other risk factors for mood disorders, women with diabetes were 29 percent more likely to develop depression. (eurekalert.org)
Major depression (also called clinical depression, major depressive disorder, or MDD) doesn't discriminate between different types of people. (sharecare.com)
I am interested in the genetics and underlying biological pathways and mechanisms of common mental disorders with a particular interest in anxiety and depression. (kcl.ac.uk)
I work with data from the Genetic Links to Anxiety and Depression (GLAD) Study to explore anxiety and depression and their subtypes, clarify their genetic relationship and explore the biological component of these disorders by integrating biological and genomic data. (kcl.ac.uk)
The major depression (MDD), schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder (BD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and suicidal behaviors (SB) in the UK Biobank cohort. (ukbiobank.ac.uk)
For someone to be considered depressed clinically and the term we use is clinical depression or major depressive disorder, they must fit the criteria the DSM, that's the diagnosis and statistical manual, that's the bible for diagnosis. (cdc.gov)
That individual must fit the statistical diagnosis for major depression disorder. (cdc.gov)
The diagnosis of major depressive disorder or clinical depression is really quite simple. (cdc.gov)
Partly because of the need of innovative treatments in psychiatry, several studies have assessed the safety and efficacy of drugs like psilocybin or ayahuasca for a wide range of mental disorders, including major depression. (iceers.org)
Undetected mental health problems such as depression, personality disorders, cognitive disorders, and cooccurring conditions such as substance-related disorders can affect drug adherence, clinic attendance, and quality of life and can influence the outcome of disease and high-risk behaviors that increase risk of HIV transmission [ 8 , 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
More than a quarter of medical school students report depressive symptoms or depression, while about one in 10 experiences suicidal thoughts, according to a new analysis in the Journal of the American Medical Association . (cnn.com)
Overall, the researchers calculated the prevalence of depression or depressive symptom as nearly 26.7%, with exactly 37,933 of 122,356 total participants reporting symptoms. (cnn.com)
The study lists the following possible long term effects of unmastered trauma: pessimistic life attitudes, alterations in personality, diminished self esteem, distorted body image, disturbances in interpersonal relationships, estrangement, depression, anxiety disorders, and depressive disorders. (phoenix-society.org)
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects millions of people at some point in their lives. (promises.com)
Many of these are clinical terms or "qualifiers," (e.g. secondary depression), while others are official diagnoses (e.g. dysthymic disorder). (promises.com)
Major depression - Major depressive disorder is one of the most common diagnoses when it comes to mood disorders. (promises.com)
Seasonal depression - Typically referred to as seasonal affective disorder , this type of depression occurs in a seasonal pattern. (promises.com)
Cyclothymic depression - This type of depression is part of cyclothymic disorder , which involves alternating periods of depression and hypomania. (promises.com)
The depressive episodes, however, are less severe than those seen in major depression. (promises.com)
Primary depression - Depression that doesn't occur as the result of another psychiatric disorder or medical condition. (promises.com)

Another widely used research scale, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia in School-Age Children (K-SADS), does not assess dysthymia as a separate diagnostic category. (medscape.com)
The remaining four modules provide overviews of major domains of abnormal psychology, including mood disorders, anxiety disorders, stress and trauma-related disorders, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. (coursera.org)
Seroquel is currently approved for the short-term treatment of acute manic episodes in bipolar I disorder and the treatment of schizophrenia. (news-medical.net)
Upon securing approval from the FDA, it will be the fourth indication for cariprazine joining approvals for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults, the acute treatment of manic or mixed episodes and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
Patientswith diagnoses of schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar disorder, Medicare/Medicaid dual eligible or capitated plans, were excluded. (psychiatrictimes.com)
Despite the importance of suicidal behavior in the management of patients, suicidal behavior appears in the diagnostic criteria sets for only two DSM-5 disorders-major depressive episode and borderline personality disorder-despite its common association with a wide variety of DSM disorders, such as schizophrenia and substance use disorders. (consultant360.com)
Dr. Pollock frequently treats the following conditions: Impulse Control Disorders, ADHD and-or ADD, and Schizophrenia. (sharecare.com)
Some common ones are depressive disorders, schizophrenia, or anxiety disorders. (lifehack.org)

We demonstrate here the validity and acceptability of an ECA to diagnose major depressive disorders. (nature.com)
Major depressive disorders (MDD) cause work disability and work loss, often resulting in unemployment. (scielo.org.za)
The scores on LESS in patients with bipolar and major depressive disorders were significantly different from the nonclinical groups. (ac.ir)

Fava M, Østergaard SD, Cassano P. Mood disorders: depressive disorders (major depressive disorder). (medlineplus.gov)
Welcome back to module 2 mood disorders. (coursera.org)
While it accounts for the main burden of all diseases in terms of "years lost due to disability 18 ", it is still largely under-diagnosed, possibly owing to the duration of clinical face-to-face interviews necessary to diagnose mood disorders. (nature.com)
Similarities and differences among mood disorders can help psychiatrics in their exact diagnosis and more effective treatments. (ac.ir)
Since there's still some stigma associated with mood disorders, medical students are more likely to be honest about their symptoms if they don't have to worry about their attending physician or the medical board finding out their responses. (cnn.com)
There was a study for veteran participants for mood disorders (CIVIC-MD), and the purpose of the study was to identify amend individuals and treatment factors connected to harmful outcomes with Bipolar Disorder Copeland, L. A. (2009). (ipl.org)

Persistent depressive disorder used to be called dysthymia. (medlineplus.gov)
Dysthymia cannot be diagnosed at the same time as bipolar disorder, however, because in order to qualify for a diagnosis of Dysthymia, you have to show evidence of consistently mild depressive symptoms occurring more days than not over a period of at least two years. (mentalhelp.net)
Is dysthymia a different disorder in the elderly? (bmj.com)

Outcomes of interest included depressive symptoms, relapse, health-related quality of life, and adverse events. (rand.org)

The mainstay of treatment for major depressive disorder has been antidepressant monotherapy or, preferably, the combination of psychotherapy and antidepressants. (psychiatrist.com)
Treatment of major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder with antidepressants in patients with comorbid opiate use disorders enrolled in methadone maintenance therapy: a meta-analysis. (bmj.com)
Philadelphia, February 8, 2016 -- Doctors should select cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) or second generation antidepressants (SGAs) to treat adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), the American College of Physicians (ACP) recommends in a new evidence-based clinical practice guideline published today in Annals of Internal Medicine . (acponline.org)
How effective and safe is aripiprazole when added to antidepressants in people with major depressive disorder and a history of incomplete response? (bmj.com)
Finally, the possible drug-drug interactions between drugs included in management protocols of both depressive disorder including antidepressants and anxiolytics and COVID-19 with possible proposed alternatives. (sciencerepository.org)
Increased risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children, adolescents and young adults taking antidepressants for major depressive disorder (MDD) and other psychiatric disorders. (nih.gov)

Perform laboratory studies in patients with persistent depressive disorder (PDD) only when the history and physical examination suggest their relevance. (medscape.com)
While it's usually not disabling, persistent depressive disorder can prevent you from functioning normally in your daily routine and from living life to its fullest. (mayoclinic.org)
Persistent depressive disorder can affect one's relationships, abilities at work and school, and overall quality of life. (tutorialspoint.com)
A common symptom of persistent depressive disorder is low self-esteem (feeling like an undesirable person), which makes it difficult for those with this condition to form healthy relationships with others. (tutorialspoint.com)
Persistent depressive disorder is a complex mood disorder. (tutorialspoint.com)
The exact cause of the persistent depressive disorder isn't known. (tutorialspoint.com)
Bullying and discrimination are a reality for people with persistent depressive disorder, whether they are at school, at work, or home. (tutorialspoint.com)
Symptoms caused by persistent depressive disorder can vary from person to person. (tutorialspoint.com)
The most important change concerns the diagnostic criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder. (consultant360.com)
Panic disorder is a particular type of anxiety disorder manifested by recurrent and unexpected panic episodes, which tend to be followed by at least one month of persistent preoccupation with respect to the possibility of having a new panic episode and its consequences. (bvsalud.org)

The evidence also supports the use of adjunctive MBCT to reduce relapse among those with a history of at least three previous depressive episodes. (rand.org)
Few studies examined relapse among those with a history of one or two previous depressive episodes. (rand.org)
Just as the manic aspect of bipolar disorder is associated with manic episodes, the depressive aspect of bipolar disorder is likewise associated with depressive episodes. (mentalhelp.net)
The presence of manic or hypomanic episodes during the two year period would disqualify any dysthymic disorder diagnosis. (mentalhelp.net)
While bipolar disorder most frequently manifests as a swing between manic and depressive episodes, in a minority of cases, a third type of Mixed mood episode occurs. (mentalhelp.net)
Just because criteria for both manic and depressive episodes are both met during a single day does not mean that both sets of symptoms are simultaneously present, however. (mentalhelp.net)
B. Does not occur exclusively during Major Depressive Episodes and is not better accounted for by Dysthymic Disorder. (ptypes.com)
Bipolar depressive symptoms and episodes dominate the longitudinal course of bipolar disorder and are the principal detractors of quality of life and function for persons affected. (clinicaloptions.com)
In addition, in the specific case of bipolar disorder, cytokine levels decrease during episodes of mania or remission of depressive symptoms So it strengthens that association. (psychologysays.net)
Understanding an expansive affect as a symptom of bipolar disorder may help you manage manic episodes that arise. (psychcentral.com)
People with bipolar disorder experience unusual and intense emotional states called "Mood Episodes", which represent a drastic change from a person's usual mood and behavior, (National Institute of Mental Health). (ipl.org)

Methods: The Helsinki University Psychiatric Consortium (HUPC) Study surveyed 287 psychiatric care patients with ICD-10-DCR depressive or bipolar disorders about lifetime suicidal behaviour, developmental history and attachment style, personality and psychological traits, current and lifetime symptom profiles, and life events. (helsinki.fi)
This study assessed the presence of depressive symptoms in twenty panic disorder patients, and the correlation between symptom frequency and anxiety level. (bvsalud.org)
An expansive affect or mood is a often a symptom of bipolar disorder. (psychcentral.com)
An expansive affect is a symptom of bipolar disorder that features extreme or elevated moods that may last for extended periods of time. (psychcentral.com)
Whether you live with bipolar disorder or experience an expansive mood as a symptom of another mental health condition, there are a few strategies that may help you cope. (psychcentral.com)

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent psychiatric disorder, with a lifetime prevalence of about 5%-17% . (medscape.com)
Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. (bmj.com)
Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. (bmj.com)
Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of twelve-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. (bmj.com)
Prevalence and correlates of DSM-5 major depressive and related disorders in the community. (bmj.com)
to verify the prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder in people with chemical dependence. (bvsalud.org)
the diagnosis of depressive disorder should be consolidated as an important variable for the effectiveness of treatment, since its prevalence is high and has repercussions on the quality of treatment and time of institutionalization. (bvsalud.org)
People with serious mental disorders have a greater prevalence of major cardiovascular risk factors compared to the general population. (who.int)
health context, 2) mental health policies and plans, 3) mental disorder prevalence and treatment coverage, 4) mental health services, 5) cultural issues and non-health sector/community-based services, and 6) monitoring and evaluation/health information systems. (who.int)

Une recherche documentaire a été effectuée dans PubMed de 1980 à 2021 en utilisant diverses combinaisons de termes MeSH comme tabac, diabète, hypertension, dyslipidémie, trouble dépressif majeur, trouble bipolaire, schizophrénie. (who.int)

When you want to find the most up-to-date research on unipolar major depressive disorder , Psychiatrist.com is your premier source for evidence-based, peer-reviewed articles and information. (psychiatrist.com)
Through original research, articles, case reports, and studies, you can learn more about unipolar major depressive disorder as well as moderate major depressive disorder , the latest major depressive disorder medications , major depressive disorder symptoms , and diagnosing major depressive disorder with DSM-5 criteria. (psychiatrist.com)
Or choose a paid subscription to gain access to all current and archived material on unipolar major depressive disorder and many other areas of psychiatry and mental health. (psychiatrist.com)
When you search the CME section of our website, you'll find activities on specific topics like unipolar major depressive disorder. (psychiatrist.com)
Psychiatrist.com provides a deep collection of research on unipolar major depressive disorder and many other mental and neurologic illnesses. (psychiatrist.com)
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry Task Force on Unipolar Depressive Disorders. (bmj.com)
World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for biological treatment of unipolar depressive disorders, part 2: maintenance treatment of major depressive disorder - update 2015. (bmj.com)
Comorbidity of adult attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder in bipolar and unipolar patients. (suicideinfo.ca)

The AACAP recommends a comprehensive mental health diagnostic evaluation as the single most useful tool in the diagnosis of depressive disorders. (medscape.com)
Embodied Conversational Agents (ECAs) are promising software to communicate with patients but no study has tested them in the diagnostic field of mental disorders. (nature.com)
Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed., text revision (DSM-5-TR). (bmj.com)
An organization- and category-level comparison of diagnostic requirements for mental disorders in ICD-11 and DSM-5. (bmj.com)
Thirty-month naturalistic follow-up study of early onset dysthymic disorder: course, diagnostic stability, and prediction of outcome. (bmj.com)
While there are modifications to the diagnostic criteria for over 70 disorders, what are some of the most important to highlight that clinicians should know about? (consultant360.com)
Method: A total of 124 participants with an anxiety or depressive disorder according to the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) who were participants of the Australian Rural Mental Health Study (ARMHS) were included in this study. (leedstrinity.ac.uk)
According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition , text revision (DSM-5-TR), an expansive mood in bipolar I disorder may lead to reckless behaviors "unusual for the individual, even though these activities are likely to have catastrophic consequences. (psychcentral.com)
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders defines "major depressive disorder" based on nine cardinal symptoms to be diagnosed during an in-person interview. (cnn.com)
Symptoms must occur consistently for at least two weeks in order to meet the diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder. (promises.com)

RAND researchers conducted a systematic review that synthesized evidence from randomized controlled trials of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy - used adjunctively or as monotherapy - to assess its efficacy and safety in treating adults with major depressive disorder. (rand.org)
Is meditation, as a monotherapy or adjunctive therapy, more effective than treatment as usual, waitlists, no treatment, or other active treatments in reducing depressive symptoms, reducing relapse rates, improving health-related quality of life, and reducing antidepressant use in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD), and how common and severe are adverse events? (rand.org)
In August, a medication called esketamine was approved by the FDA to treat depressive symptoms in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) with acute suicidal ideation or behavior. (nami.org)
362 adults with major depressive disorder (DSM-IV-TR) whose current episode had failed to show complete response to an 8-week trial of standard antidepressant plus adjunctive placebo. (bmj.com)

Mindful meditation and exercise have positive effects as adjunctive treatments for depressive disorders, although some studies show multiple methodological weaknesses. (greenmedinfo.com)
The Center, which he co-directs with pediatric psychiatrist Dr. Robert Findling, is the first NIMH-funded center exclusively dedicated to the development of new treatments for bipolar disorder. (news-medical.net)
Since depressive and anxiety disorders share common features with PTSD, this report was commissioned to examine the efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies for the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders as a means to detect treatments that might be applicable to PTSD. (e-booksdirectory.com)
While cognitive impairment is a well-known hallmark of major depressive disorder, research assessing the psychological treatments of cognitive impairment is limited. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
Central Idea: To inform my peers of the severity of Bipolar Disorder, including description, the causes and symptoms, the treatments and who is more likely to develop bipolar disorder. (ipl.org)
and a behavioral learning theory, offering treatments designed to eliminate the behaviors that characterize the mental disorders. (dissidentvoice.org)

The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry (JCP) and The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders (PCC). (psychiatrist.com)
Though we will soon undertake an even larger trial, these preliminary findings should shape the standard of care for bipolar disorder going forward," says Dr. Calabrese, professor of psychiatry at Case and a nationally renowned researcher in bipolar disease. (news-medical.net)

Cariprazine, when added to ongoing antidepressant treatment in patients with major depressive disorder, demonstrated that it can reduce depressive symptoms. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
We look forward to working closely with the FDA during the review of our submission to bring a potential new adjunctive therapy to patients with major depressive disorder who are taking an antidepressant and seeking additional relief. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)
This article reviews the pharmacological profile and available efficacy and tolerability/safety data for vortioxetine, one of the most recent antidepressant drugs to be approved in the USA for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adults. (elsevier.com)

The epidemiology of chronic major depressive disorder and dysthymic disorder: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. (bmj.com)
Childhood-onset dysthymic disorder. (bmj.com)

Affective Disorders Program of the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy. (bmj.com)
Journal of Affective Disorders , 132 (1-2), 71-81. (vu.nl)
The aims of the present study were to search for the frequency and impact of ADHD co-occurrence on the clinical features of affective disorders and to examine the relationship between the dominant affective temperaments and ADHD. (suicideinfo.ca)

Cite this: Major Depressive Disorder: Transforming the Theoretical into the Clinical - Medscape - Oct 03, 2022. (medscape.com)
As a leading source for psychiatric and clinical information, Psychiatrist.com provides practitioners with a wide array of material that explores the latest advances in diagnosis and treatment of all aspects of major depressive disorder (MDD). (psychiatrist.com)
Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder Versus Bipolar Disorder: Current Status and Best Clinical Practices. (psychiatrist.com)
A total of 100 patients received up to 16 sessions of either cognitive or dynamic therapy for major depressive disorder in a randomized clinical trial. (nih.gov)
Giving 2 diagnoses has the clear advantage of allowing the clinician to indicate such important clinical features such as episode recurrence, the severity (mild, moderate, or severe), or presence of psychotic features of the current (or most recent) depressive episode. (consultant360.com)
Findings suggest that clinical mental health counselors and other providers working with emerging adults should be vigilant in recognizing behaviors and thoughts associated with disordered eating and related signs and symptoms, including depressive symptoms and alcohol use. (allenpress.com)
Patients aged 18-75 years with a clinical diagnosis of bipolar I or bipolar II disorder who were experiencing an major depressive episode (MADRS total score of 20 and CGI-BP-S score of 4 at screening and baseline) were randomized to lumateperone 42 mg or placebo for 6 weeks. (clinicaloptions.com)
Since there was no significant difference between clinical groups, these schemes are likely to be common elements between the clinical groups, so it seems that it is in line with transdiagnostic approach, However, further studies are required to illuminate specific and shared factors among bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. (ac.ir)
Multivariate methods examined the contribution of clinical (onset age, disorder type and comorbidity), attitudinal/demographic (perceived stigma and current age) and structural (rurality) variables to the delay to first seek help. (leedstrinity.ac.uk)

6 weeks using adequate dose as specified in the ATRQ) for their current depressive episode. (bmj.com)

DUBLIN, March 17, 2020 /PRNewswire/ -- The "Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) - Market Insights, Epidemiology and Market Forecast - 2028" drug pipelines has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (epicos.com)
The Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) report delivers an in-depth understanding of the disease, historical & forecasted epidemiology as well as the market trends of MDD in the 7MM covering the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, Italy, France, and the United Kingdom) and Japan. (epicos.com)
The Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) epidemiology division provide insights about historical and current patient pool and forecasted trend for every seven countries in the report. (epicos.com)

Some will go on to develop Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. (phoenix-society.org)

This study aims at investigating if adjunctive buprenorphine at low dose to treatment as usual is effective in reducing severe suicidal ideas in major depressive episode, and at determining the most effective dose. (centerwatch.com)
In multivariate models, suicidal ideation was independently predicted by younger age, severe depressive disorder, bipolar disorder type II/nos, hopelessness, and childhood physical abuse. (helsinki.fi)
of these, depressive disorders are the most commonly associated with suicidal behavior [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
Depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among lawyers and other law professionals. (cdc.gov)

ABSTRACT Early experience of abuse may be viewed as a risk factor for mental disorders in women later in life. (who.int)

This mood disorder in children includes chronic and severe irritability and anger with frequent extreme temper outbursts. (mayoclinic.org)
MDD is the most frequent chronic mental disorder and it affects 15% of the general population 17 . (nature.com)
Addiction is a chronic brain disorder and needs to be addressed as such. (cdc.gov)
The high comorbidity and chronic course of ADHD and its possible negative influence on the course of both disorders increase the importance of screening for adult ADHD. (suicideinfo.ca)
While neuromodulation techniques are currently used primarily for the management of chronic pain and movement disorders, there has been considerable interest in their use for medically refractory psychiatric disease. (medscape.com)
Sociodemographic characteristics were taken, and we also took data concerning their chronic conditions and depressive symptoms. (bvsalud.org)

Gains in insight from the beginning to month 2 of treatment were a significant predictor of decreases of depressive symptoms from month 2 to month 5 of treatment in the dynamic, but not in the cognitive treatment group, despite a nonsignificant interaction. (nih.gov)
Efforts to identify the best methods of cognitive treatment are crucial to protect the well-being of patients with major depressive disorder. (psychiatryadvisor.com)
This study tested the hypothesis that physically active individuals with higher levels of cognitive vulnerability (i.e., tendencies toward negative thought content and processes in response to stress or negative mood states) are at greater risk for increased anxiety and depressive symptoms when undergoing exercise cessation. (humankinetics.com)

AbbVie vice chairman and president Michael Severino said: "Many people living with major depressive disorder struggle to find a treatment that reduces their depressive symptoms, with many taking years to find the right treatment. (pharmaceutical-business-review.com)

In this lecture, we're going to talk about the prevailing models used to understand depressive and bipolar disorders. (coursera.org)
The dominant model for understanding both depressive and bipolar disorders is the biological model. (coursera.org)
Let's turn now to the biological model of bipolar disorders. (coursera.org)
Scientific research into the biological basis of bipolar disorders has also investigated the roles played by neurotransmitters and genetic factors. (coursera.org)
The research sample consisted of 102 subjects (34 bipolar disorders, 34 with major depressive disorder, and 34 nonclinical) that selected by convenience sampling. (ac.ir)

Cyclothymic disorder. (mayoclinic.org)
Cyclothymic (sy-kloe-THIE-mik) disorder involves highs and lows that are milder than those of bipolar disorder. (mayoclinic.org)
and (3) depressive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious temperaments are significantly associated with ADHD comorbidity in bipolar and depressive patients as well as in HC. (suicideinfo.ca)

The evidence supports the use of adjunctive MBCT to reduce depressive symptoms among those currently depressed. (rand.org)
Regular yoga practice may help reduce depressive symptoms in people with other mental health disorders, a new study suggests. (chronicle.gi)

Our aim was to assess hair cortisol levels in persons with a depressive and/or anxiety disorder and to compare their levels with that of persons in remission and healthy controls. (eur.nl)

F33.3 Recurrent Major Depressive Disorder, with psychotic features). (consultant360.com)
Recurrent major depressive disorder is associated with prolonged work disability and job loss 4 . (scielo.org.za)

The guidelines also provide direction for physicians on when to consult with mental health care providers, based on the severity of psychiatric disorder. (healthychildren.org)

The objective evaluation of depressive mood is considered to be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of depressive disorders. (embs.org)

This increase nary disease (COPD), (iv) colon cancer, (v) coronary heart disease, (vi) diabetes mellitus, (vii) major depressive dis- has been widely attributed to rising rates of obesity due order, (viii) osteoarthritis, (ix) rheumatoid arthritis, and to changes in diet and physical activity brought on by (x) stroke. (who.int)

The severe form of depressive episode is known as a Major Depressive Episode. (mentalhelp.net)
Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) - a form of depressive illness related to the seasons, generally beginning in the fall and continuing throughout the winter - affects around 10 million people in the US and many more worldwide. (lesmills.com)

Depressive symptoms often appear alongside other mental health issues, such as generalised anxiety and psychotic disorders. (chronicle.gi)
Dr. Pollock specializes in Psychotic Disorders and Addiction & Substance Abuse. (sharecare.com)

A recent meta-analysis of these studies showed that the risk of developing a depressive disorder in people who received a preventive intervention was 22% lower than those who did not receive such an intervention [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Among both younger and older applicants, individuals diagnosed with intellectual disability or other mental disorders are potential targets for early intervention programs because those groups wait the longest to apply and are the most likely to continue working in the interim. (ssa.gov)

The effectiveness of off-label dopamine stimulating agents in depressive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. (bvsalud.org)

Adjunctive Atypical Antipsychotics in Major Depressive Disorder: What's the Impact? (psychiatrictimes.com)

Instead, what appears to be more the case is that there is a rapid alteration between manic and depressive states, occurring one or more times in a single day. (mentalhelp.net)
For the first time, researchers have demonstrated in separate short-term trials that a single drug therapy may be effective in treating both the manic and depressive phases of bipolar disorder. (news-medical.net)

It has long been thought that it is not feasible to prevent the onset of depressive disorders, because the processes involved in the etiology are too complex and not yet sufficiently understood. (biomedcentral.com)
A growing number of randomized controlled trials have shown, however, that it is possible in some cases to prevent or at least delay the onset of depressive disorders. (biomedcentral.com)
Multivariate analysis indicated that younger onset age, older current age, diagnosis of panic disorder or depressive disorder, and living in a remote (R) or very remote area (VR) were associated with delays of more than one year. (leedstrinity.ac.uk)

However a general agreement has been reached to consider guidelines of interview specified in the DSM-5 through a list of criteria to be checked as the most reliable and validated procedure to diagnose a mental disorder 3 . (nature.com)
However, none of these programs have been developed as a face-to-face interview to make a diagnosis of mental disorder based on the DSM-5 criteria 3 . (nature.com)
Psychoanalytic theory views mental disorder as the outcome of unconsciously determined symbolic efforts that only partially resolve these intrapsychic conflicts, resulting in pathological adjustments to the vicissitudes of psychosexual development. (dissidentvoice.org)

Results showed that disordered eating was significantly associated with suicidality, and the association was mediated by depressive symptoms. (allenpress.com)
ADHD was significantly more frequent in bipolar adults than in not only HC but also depressive patients. (suicideinfo.ca)

Among the 35 patients diagnosed with MDD by the psychiatrist, 14 (40%) patients exhibited mild, 12 (34.3%) moderate and 9 (25.7%) severe depressive symptoms. (nature.com)
Sensitivity increased across the severity level of depressive symptoms and reached 73% for patients with severe depressive symptoms, while specificity remained above 95% for all three severity levels. (nature.com)
Repeated suicide attempts were independently predicted by younger age, female sex, severe depressive disorder with or without psychotic symptoms, bipolar disorder type II/nos, alcohol use disorder, borderline personality disorder traits, and childhood physical abuse. (helsinki.fi)

This disorder manifests mainly in mood irritability, dysphoria, and anxiety symptoms. (tutorialspoint.com)
For a child, depressive episode or irritability occurs most of the time for at least one whole year. (tutorialspoint.com)
A 2004 study notes that an expansive mood (within bipolar disorder) is typically accompanied or replaced by feelings of irritability. (psychcentral.com)

and active drug or alcohol abuse, dependence, or personality disorder. (bmj.com)
Thus, filling a gap in the literature base, the current study examined a moderated mediation model to test the associations among disordered eating, depressive symptoms, alcohol use, and suicidality. (allenpress.com)
Further, the indirect effect of disordered eating via depressive symptoms varied in magnitude as a function of alcohol use. (allenpress.com)
She had a history of depressive disorder and alcohol abuse. (cdc.gov)

This trial attempts to explore the treatment outcome of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) for major depressive episode. (centerwatch.com)

Seasonal Affective Disorder - SAD - is not the same as the winter blues. (lesmills.com)

Anatomy12

Organisms1

Diseases24

Chemicals and Drugs34

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Psychiatry and Psychology104

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations4

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena17

Humanities1

Information Science7

Named Groups5

Health Care49

Geographicals5

Predicting delayed anxiety and depression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer. (1/4586)

Executive function in depression: the role of performance strategies in aiding depressed and non-depressed participants. (2/4586)

Ten year follow-up of depression after diagnosis in general practice. (3/4586)

The impact of depression on the physical health of family members. (4/4586)

Modeling geriatric depression in animals: biochemical and behavioral effects of olfactory bulbectomy in young versus aged rats. (5/4586)

Sustained antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation combined with pindolol in bipolar depression. A placebo-controlled trial. (6/4586)

Depression during the longitudinal course of schizophrenia. (7/4586)

Effects of fluoxetine on the polysomnogram in outpatients with major depression. (8/4586)

Depressive Disorder, Major

Depressive Disorder

Antidepressive Agents

Anxiety Disorders

Bipolar Disorder

Psychiatric Status Rating Scales

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Mood Disorders

Dysthymic Disorder

Mental Disorders

Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation

Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant

Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors

Depression

Citalopram

Cyclohexanols

Comorbidity

Interview, Psychological

Fluoxetine

Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic

Personality Inventory

Suicide, Attempted

Severity of Illness Index

Psychotherapy

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Phobic Disorders

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Sertraline

Personality Assessment

Cognitive Therapy

Substance-Related Disorders

Prevalence

Treatment Outcome

Somatoform Disorders

Anxiety

Psychometrics

Electroconvulsive Therapy

Borderline Personality Disorder

Child of Impaired Parents

Psychotic Disorders

Risk Factors

Suicide

Affective Disorders, Psychotic

Affect

Case-Control Studies

Brain

Questionnaires

Panic Disorder

Gyrus Cinguli

Anhedonia

Emotions

Neurotic Disorders

Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins

Stress, Psychological

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Conduct Disorder

Life Change Events

Irritable Mood

Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic

Age of Onset

Sex Factors

Recurrence

Suicidal Ideation

Longitudinal Studies

Cognition Disorders

Sleep Disorders

Psychodrama

Prefrontal Cortex

Autistic Disorder

Depression, Postpartum

Cross-Sectional Studies

Health Surveys

Analysis of Variance

Neuropsychological Tests

Psychotropic Drugs

Alcoholism

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive

Thiophenes