AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
DeoxyglucoseDeoxy SugarsGlucoseHexosesAntimetabolitesMethylglucosidesMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsAutoradiographyFluorodeoxyglucose F18Glycolysis3-O-MethylglucoseBiological TransportHexokinaseCarbon RadioisotopesInsulinGlucose-6-PhosphateGlucosephosphatesGlucose Transporter Type 1Glucose Transporter Type 4Glucose Transporter Type 3Tomography, Emission-ComputedBiological Transport, ActiveFluorine RadioisotopesKineticsCytochalasin BBrainRadiopharmaceuticalsAdenosine TriphosphateMannoseTolazamideMethylglycosidesInsulin AntagonistsGlycogenGlucosaminePhosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase SystemReceptor, InsulinMuscle, SkeletalSodium AzidePhloretin4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazanRats, Inbred StrainsPositron-Emission TomographyFructoseMuscle ProteinsGlucokinaseGalactoseMethylgalactosidesIodoacetatesAntimycin AEnergy MetabolismThiogalactosidesLactatesAdipocytesThioglycosidesMannoheptuloseRats, Sprague-DawleyHexosephosphatesTritiumBlood GlucoseCells, CulturedPhlorhizinAdipose TissuePhosphorylationDinitrophenolsCyanidesGlucose Transport Proteins, FacilitativeLactic AcidMyocardiumCarbohydrate MetabolismCell MembraneRats, WistarSalicylamidesCell LineOligomycinsAminoimidazole CarboxamideIodoacetic AcidUncoupling Agents
Deoxyglucose: 2-Deoxy-D-arabino-hexose. An antimetabolite of glucose with antiviral activity.Deoxy SugarsGlucose: A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.HexosesAntimetabolites: Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)MethylglucosidesMonosaccharide Transport Proteins: A large group of membrane transport proteins that shuttle MONOSACCHARIDES across CELL MEMBRANES.Autoradiography: The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)Fluorodeoxyglucose F18: The compound is given by intravenous injection to do POSITRON-EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY for the assessment of cerebral and myocardial glucose metabolism in various physiological or pathological states including stroke and myocardial ischemia. It is also employed for the detection of malignant tumors including those of the brain, liver, and thyroid gland. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1162)Glycolysis: A metabolic process that converts GLUCOSE into two molecules of PYRUVIC ACID through a series of enzymatic reactions. Energy generated by this process is conserved in two molecules of ATP. Glycolysis is the universal catabolic pathway for glucose, free glucose, or glucose derived from complex CARBOHYDRATES, such as GLYCOGEN and STARCH.3-O-Methylglucose: A non-metabolizable glucose analogue that is not phosphorylated by hexokinase. 3-O-Methylglucose is used as a marker to assess glucose transport by evaluating its uptake within various cells and organ systems. (J Neurochem 1993;60(4):1498-504)Biological Transport: The movement of materials (including biochemical substances and drugs) through a biological system at the cellular level. The transport can be across cell membranes and epithelial layers. It also can occur within intracellular compartments and extracellular compartments.Hexokinase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and a D-hexose to ADP and a D-hexose 6-phosphate. D-Glucose, D-mannose, D-fructose, sorbitol, and D-glucosamine can act as acceptors; ITP and dATP can act as donors. The liver isoenzyme has sometimes been called glucokinase. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.1.Carbon Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of carbon that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. C atoms with atomic weights 10, 11, and 14-16 are radioactive carbon isotopes.Insulin: A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).Glucose-6-Phosphate: An ester of glucose with phosphoric acid, made in the course of glucose metabolism by mammalian and other cells. It is a normal constituent of resting muscle and probably is in constant equilibrium with fructose-6-phosphate. (Stedman, 26th ed)GlucosephosphatesGlucose Transporter Type 1: A ubiquitously expressed glucose transporter that is important for constitutive, basal GLUCOSE transport. It is predominately expressed in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS and ERYTHROCYTES at the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and is responsible for GLUCOSE entry into the BRAIN.Glucose Transporter Type 4: A glucose transport protein found in mature MUSCLE CELLS and ADIPOCYTES. It promotes transport of glucose from the BLOOD into target TISSUES. The inactive form of the protein is localized in CYTOPLASMIC VESICLES. In response to INSULIN, it is translocated to the PLASMA MEMBRANE where it facilitates glucose uptake.Glucose Transporter Type 3: A major glucose transporter found in NEURONS.Tomography, Emission-Computed: Tomography using radioactive emissions from injected RADIONUCLIDES and computer ALGORITHMS to reconstruct an image.Biological Transport, Active: The movement of materials across cell membranes and epithelial layers against an electrochemical gradient, requiring the expenditure of metabolic energy.Fluorine Radioisotopes: Unstable isotopes of fluorine that decay or disintegrate emitting radiation. F atoms with atomic weights 17, 18, and 20-22 are radioactive fluorine isotopes.Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.Cytochalasin B: A cytotoxic member of the CYTOCHALASINS.Brain: The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.Radiopharmaceuticals: Compounds that are used in medicine as sources of radiation for radiotherapy and for diagnostic purposes. They have numerous uses in research and industry. (Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1161)Adenosine Triphosphate: An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.Mannose: A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Tolazamide: A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE.MethylglycosidesInsulin Antagonists: Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or action of insulin.GlycogenGlucosaminePhosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase System: The bacterial sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS) that catalyzes the transfer of the phosphoryl group from phosphoenolpyruvate to its sugar substrates (the PTS sugars) concomitant with the translocation of these sugars across the bacterial membrane. The phosphorylation of a given sugar requires four proteins, two general proteins, Enzyme I and HPr and a pair of sugar-specific proteins designated as the Enzyme II complex. The PTS has also been implicated in the induction of synthesis of some catabolic enzyme systems required for the utilization of sugars that are not substrates of the PTS as well as the regulation of the activity of ADENYLYL CYCLASES. EC 2.7.1.-.Receptor, Insulin: A cell surface receptor for INSULIN. It comprises a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The receptor contains an intrinsic TYROSINE KINASE domain that is located within the beta subunit. Activation of the receptor by INSULIN results in numerous metabolic changes including increased uptake of GLUCOSE into the liver, muscle, and ADIPOSE TISSUE.Muscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Sodium Azide: A cytochrome oxidase inhibitor which is a nitridizing agent and an inhibitor of terminal oxidation. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)Phloretin4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan: A benzofuran derivative used as a protein reagent since the terminal N-NBD-protein conjugate possesses interesting fluorescence and spectral properties. It has also been used as a covalent inhibitor of both beef heart mitochondrial ATPase and bacterial ATPase.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Positron-Emission Tomography: An imaging technique using compounds labelled with short-lived positron-emitting radionuclides (such as carbon-11, nitrogen-13, oxygen-15 and fluorine-18) to measure cell metabolism. It has been useful in study of soft tissues such as CANCER; CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM; and brain. SINGLE-PHOTON EMISSION-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY is closely related to positron emission tomography, but uses isotopes with longer half-lives and resolution is lower.Fructose: A monosaccharide in sweet fruits and honey that is soluble in water, alcohol, or ether. It is used as a preservative and an intravenous infusion in parenteral feeding.Muscle Proteins: The protein constituents of muscle, the major ones being ACTINS and MYOSINS. More than a dozen accessory proteins exist including TROPONIN; TROPOMYOSIN; and DYSTROPHIN.Glucokinase: A group of enzymes that catalyzes the conversion of ATP and D-glucose to ADP and D-glucose 6-phosphate. They are found in invertebrates and microorganisms, and are highly specific for glucose. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.7.1.2.Galactose: An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.MethylgalactosidesIodoacetates: Iodinated derivatives of acetic acid. Iodoacetates are commonly used as alkylating sulfhydryl reagents and enzyme inhibitors in biochemical research.Antimycin A: An antibiotic substance produced by Streptomyces species. It inhibits mitochondrial respiration and may deplete cellular levels of ATP. Antimycin A1 has been used as a fungicide, insecticide, and miticide. (From Merck Index, 12th ed)Energy Metabolism: The chemical reactions involved in the production and utilization of various forms of energy in cells.Thiogalactosides: Galactosides in which the oxygen atom linking the sugar and aglycone is replaced by a sulfur atom.Lactates: Salts or esters of LACTIC ACID containing the general formula CH3CHOHCOOR.Adipocytes: Cells in the body that store FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. WHITE ADIPOCYTES are the predominant type and found mostly in the abdominal cavity and subcutaneous tissue. BROWN ADIPOCYTES are thermogenic cells that can be found in newborns of some species and hibernating mammals.ThioglycosidesMannoheptulose: A 7-carbon keto sugar having the mannose configuration.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.HexosephosphatesTritiumBlood Glucose: Glucose in blood.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.PhlorhizinAdipose Tissue: Specialized connective tissue composed of fat cells (ADIPOCYTES). It is the site of stored FATS, usually in the form of TRIGLYCERIDES. In mammals, there are two types of adipose tissue, the WHITE FAT and the BROWN FAT. Their relative distributions vary in different species with most adipose tissue being white.Phosphorylation: The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.Dinitrophenols: Organic compounds that contain two nitro groups attached to a phenol.Cyanides: Inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE containing the -CN radical. The concept also includes isocyanides. It is distinguished from NITRILES, which denotes organic compounds containing the -CN radical.Glucose Transport Proteins, Facilitative: A family of monosaccharide transport proteins characterized by 12 membrane spanning helices. They facilitate passive diffusion of GLUCOSE across the CELL MEMBRANE.Lactic Acid: A normal intermediate in the fermentation (oxidation, metabolism) of sugar. The concentrated form is used internally to prevent gastrointestinal fermentation. (From Stedman, 26th ed)Myocardium: The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.Carbohydrate Metabolism: Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.Cell Membrane: The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Salicylamides: Amides of salicylic acid.Cell Line: Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.Oligomycins: A closely related group of toxic substances elaborated by various strains of Streptomyces. They are 26-membered macrolides with lactone moieties and double bonds and inhibit various ATPases, causing uncoupling of phosphorylation from mitochondrial respiration. Used as tools in cytochemistry. Some specific oligomycins are RUTAMYCIN, peliomycin, and botrycidin (formerly venturicidin X).Aminoimidazole Carboxamide: An imidazole derivative which is a metabolite of the antineoplastic agents BIC and DIC. By itself, or as the ribonucleotide, it is used as a condensation agent in the preparation of nucleosides and nucleotides. Compounded with orotic acid, it is used to treat liver diseases.Iodoacetic Acid: A derivative of ACETIC ACID that contains one IODINE atom attached to its methyl group.Uncoupling Agents: Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes.

2-Deoxyglucose selectively inhibits Fc and complement receptor-mediated phagocytosis in mouse peritoneal macrophages II. Dissociation of the inhibitory effects of 2-deoxyglucose on phagocytosis and ATP generation. (1/2660)

Macrophages incubated in 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-dG)-containing medium showed a marked decrease in cellular ATP content, and were unable to ingest IgG- and complement-coated erythrocytes via the corresponding membrane receptors for these ligands. However, the inhibitory effects of 2-dG on Fc- and C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis were not a consequence of lowered macrophage ATP levels since addition of glucose or mannose to the culture medium restored the capacity of the macrophages to ingest IgG- and C3-coated particles without increasing ATP levels. These results indicate that Fc- and C3 receptor-mediated phagocytosis (opsonin dependent) differs qualitatively from the ingestion of latex and zymosan particles (opsonin independent); they suggest that the same regulatory molecules govern the responses of phagocytic cells to signals initiated by both the Fc and C3 receptors. The possibility that these molecules are regulated by glycosylation is discussed.  (+info)

The biological clock of very premature primate infants is responsive to light. (2/2660)

Each year more than 250,000 infants in the United States are exposed to artificial lighting in hospital nurseries with little consideration given to environmental lighting cycles. Essential in determining whether environmental lighting cycles need to be considered in hospital nurseries is identifying when the infant's endogenous circadian clock becomes responsive to light. Using a non-human primate model of the developing human, we examined when the circadian clock, located in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN), becomes responsive to light. Preterm infant baboons of different ages were exposed to light (5,000 lux) at night, and then changes in SCN metabolic activity and gene expression were assessed. After exposure to bright light at night, robust increases in SCN metabolic activity and gene expression were seen at ages that were equivalent to human infants at 24 weeks after conception. These data provide direct evidence that the biological clock of very premature primate infants is responsive to light.  (+info)

Characterization of a leukotriene C4 export mechanism in human platelets: possible involvement of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1. (3/2660)

Platelets express leukotriene (LT) C4 synthase and can thus participate in the formation of bioactive LTC4. To further elucidate the relevance of this capability, we have now determined the capacity of human platelets to export LTC4. Endogenously formed LTC4 was efficiently released from human platelets after incubation with LTA4 at 37 degrees C, whereas only 15% of produced LTC4 was exported when the cells were incubated at 0 degrees C. The activation energy of the process was calculated to 49.9 +/- 7.7 kJ/mol, indicating carrier-mediated LTC4 export. This was also supported by the finding that the transport was saturable, reaching a maximal export rate of 470 +/- 147 pmol LTC4/min x 10(9) platelets. Furthermore, markedly suppressed LTC4 transport was induced by a combination of the metabolic inhibitors antimycin A and 2-deoxyglucose, suggesting energy-dependent export. The presence in platelets of multidrug resistance-associated protein 1 (MRP1), a protein described to be an energy-dependent LTC4 transporter in various cell types, was demonstrated at the mRNA and protein level. Additional support for a role of MRP1 in platelet LTC4 export was obtained by the findings that the process was inhibited by probenecid and the 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor, MK-886. The present findings further support the physiological relevance of platelet LTC4 production.  (+info)

Mannose inhibits Arabidopsis germination via a hexokinase-mediated step. (4/2660)

Low concentrations of the glucose (Glc) analog mannose (Man) inhibit germination of Arabidopsis seeds. Man is phosphorylated by hexokinase (HXK), but the absence of germination was not due to ATP or phosphate depletion. The addition of metabolizable sugars reversed the Man-mediated inhibition of germination. Carbohydrate-mediated regulation of gene expression involving a HXK-mediated pathway is known to be activated by Glc, Man, and other monosaccharides. Therefore, we investigated whether Man blocks germination through this system. By testing other Glc analogs, we found that 2-deoxyglucose, which, like Man, is phosphorylated by HXK, also blocked germination; no inhibition was observed with 6-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylglucose, which are not substrates for HXK. Since these latter two sugars are taken up at a rate similar to that of Man, uptake is unlikely to be involved in the inhibition of germination. Furthermore, we show that mannoheptulose, a specific HXK inhibitor, restores germination of seeds grown in the presence of Man. We conclude that HXK is involved in the Man-mediated repression of germination of Arabidopsis seeds, possibly via energy depletion.  (+info)

Developmental regulation of genes mediating murine brain glucose uptake. (5/2660)

We examined the molecular mechanisms that mediate the developmental increase in murine whole brain 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Northern and Western blot analyses revealed an age-dependent increase in brain GLUT-1 (endothelial cell and glial) and GLUT-3 (neuronal) membrane-spanning facilitative glucose transporter mRNA and protein concentrations. Nuclear run-on experiments revealed that these developmental changes in GLUT-1 and -3 were regulated posttranscriptionally. In contrast, the mRNA and protein levels of the mitochondrially bound glucose phosphorylating hexokinase I enzyme were unaltered. However, hexokinase I enzyme activity increased in an age-dependent manner suggestive of a posttranslational modification that is necessary for enzymatic activation. Together, the postnatal increase in GLUT-1 and -3 concentrations and hexokinase I enzymatic activity led to a parallel increase in murine brain 2-deoxyglucose uptake. Whereas the molecular mechanisms regulating the increase in the three different gene products may vary, the age-dependent increase of all three constituents appears essential for meeting the increasing demand of the maturing brain to fuel the processes of cellular growth, differentiation, and neurotransmission.  (+info)

Endothelin stimulates glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation via activation of endothelin ETA receptor in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. (6/2660)

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a 21-amino acid peptide that binds to G-protein-coupled receptors to evoke biological responses. This report studies the effect of ET-1 on regulating glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ET-1, but not angiotensin II, stimulated glucose uptake in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 value of 0.29 nM and a 2.47-fold stimulation at 100 nM. ET-1 stimulated glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells but had no effect in undifferentiated cells, although ET-1 stimulated phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis to a similar degree in both. The 3T3-L1 cells expressed approximately 560,000 sites/cell of ETA receptor, which was not altered during differentiation. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining show that ET-1 stimulated the translocation of insulin-responsive aminopeptidase and GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. The effect of ET-1 on glucose uptake was blocked by A-216546, an antagonist selective for the ETA receptor. ET-1 treatment did not induce phosphorylation of insulin receptor beta-subunit, insulin receptor substrate-1, or Akt but stimulated the tyrosyl phosphorylation of a 75-kDa protein. Genistein (100 microM), an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, inhibited ET-1-stimulated glucose uptake. Our results show that ET-1 stimulates GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via activation of ETA receptor.  (+info)

High concentration of glucose decreases glucose transporter-1 expression in mouse placenta in vitro and in vivo. (7/2660)

Facilitative glucose transporter-1 (GLUT1) is expressed abundantly and has an important role in glucose transfer in placentas. However, little is known about the regulation of GLUT1 expression in placental cells. We studied the changes in placental GLUT1 levels in relation to changes in glucose concentration in vitro and in vivo. In in vitro experiments, dispersed mouse placental cells were incubated under control (5.5 mM) and moderately high (22 mM) glucose concentrations, and 2-deoxyglucose uptake into cells was studied on days 1-5 of culture. After 4 days of incubation under both conditions, GLUT1 mRNA and proten levels were examined by Northern and immunoblot analyses. Treatment of cells with 22 mM glucose resulted in a significant decrease in 2-deoxyglucose uptake compared with control, from day 2 to day 5 of culture. Moreover, GLUT1 mRNA and protein levels on day 4 of culture were significantly reduced in cells incubated with 22 mM glucose compared with control. Next, we rendered mice diabetic by administering 200 micrograms/g body weight streptozotocin (STZ) on day 8 of pregnancy. Animals were killed on day 12 of pregnancy and placental tissues were obtained. [3H]Cytochalasin B binding study was carried out to assess total GLUTs, and GLUT1 mRNA and protein were measured as above. [3H]Cytochalasin B binding sites in placentas from STZ-treated mice were significantly less than those in control mice. Northern and immunoblot analyses revealed a significant decrease in GLUT1 mRNA and protein levels in diabetic mice compared with the controls. These findings suggest that the glucose concentration may regulate the expression of placental GLUT1.  (+info)

Chronic hypoglycemia and diabetes impair counterregulation induced by localized 2-deoxy-glucose perfusion of the ventromedial hypothalamus in rats. (8/2660)

Previous studies have demonstrated that the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) plays a critical role in sensing and responding to systemic hypoglycemia. To evaluate the mechanisms of defective counterregulation caused by iatrogenic hypoglycemia and diabetes per se, we delivered 2-deoxy-glucose (2-DG) via microdialysis into the VMH to produce localized cellular glucopenia in the absence of systemic hypoglycemia. Three groups of awake chronically catheterized rats were studied: 1) nondiabetic (with a mean daily glucose [MDG] of 6.9 mmol/l) BB control rats (n = 5); 2) chronically hypoglycemic nondiabetic (3-4 weeks, with an MDG of 2.7 mmol/l) BB rats (n = 5); and 3) moderately hyperglycemic insulin-treated diabetic (with an MDG of 12.4 mmol/l) BB rats (n = 8). In hypoglycemic rats, both glucagon and catecholamine responses to VMH glucopenia were markedly (77-93%) suppressed. In diabetic rats, VMH 2-DG perfusion was totally ineffective in stimulating glucagon release. The epinephrine response, but not the norepinephrine response, was also diminished by 38% in the diabetic group. We conclude that impaired counterregulation after chronic hypoglycemia may result from alterations of the VMH or its efferent pathways. In diabetes, the capacity of VMH glucopenia to activate the sympathoadrenal system is only modestly diminished; however, the communication between the VMH and the alpha-cell is totally interrupted.  (+info)

The [14C]Deoxyglucose Method for the Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization: Theory, Procedure, and Normal Values ...The [14C]Deoxyglucose Method for the Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization: Theory, Procedure, and Normal Values ...
Periodical: Sokoloff, Louis, Martin Reivich, Charles Kennedy, M. H. Des Rosiers, C. S. Patlak, K. D. Pettigrew, O. Sakurada, and M. Shinohara. The [14C]Deoxyglucose Method for the Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization: Theory, Procedure, and Normal Values in the Conscious and Anesthetized Albino Rat. Journal of Neurochemistry 28, 5 (1977): 897-916. Article. 20 Images ...
Cerebral glucose utilization is reduced in second test session<...Cerebral glucose utilization is reduced in second test session<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cerebral glucose utilization is reduced in second test session. AU - Stapleton, June M.. AU - Morgan, Michael J.. AU - Liu, Xiang. AU - Yung, Babington C K. AU - Phillips, Robert L.. AU - Wong, Dean Foster. AU - Shaya, Elias K.. AU - Dannals, Robert F. AU - London, Edythe D.. PY - 1997/6. Y1 - 1997/6. N2 - Cerebral glucose utilization was higher during the first positron emission tomography (PET) session than during the second session, as assayed using the PET [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose method in male human volunteers. This difference was due largely to data from subjects with low trait anxiety, since subjects with high anxiety showed similar metabolism in both PET sessions. High anxiety subjects showed greater right/left ratios of cerebral metabolism than low-anxiety subjects, particularly during the second PET session. These findings suggest that the level of anxiety may be an important variable to consider in PET studies using multiple sessions.. AB - Cerebral glucose utilization ...
Ischemia-induced impairment of 2-deoxyglucose uptake and CA1 field potentials in rat hippocampal slices: Protection by 5-HT<sub...Ischemia-induced impairment of 2-deoxyglucose uptake and CA1 field potentials in rat hippocampal slices: Protection by 5-HT<sub...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ischemia-induced impairment of 2-deoxyglucose uptake and CA1 field potentials in rat hippocampal slices. T2 - Protection by 5-HT1A receptor agonists and 5-HT2 receptor antagonists. AU - Shigenobu Shibata, Shibata. AU - Yoshifumi Kagami-Ishi, Kagami-Ishi. AU - Keiko Tominaga, Tominaga. AU - Koutaroh Kodama, Kodama. AU - Showa Ueki, Ueki. AU - Shigenori Watanabe, Watanabe. PY - 1992/12/8. Y1 - 1992/12/8. N2 - Various in vitro models have been developed to study ischemia and/or hypoxia. In the present experiment, we examined whether hypoxia/hypoglycemia (ischemia) in rat hippocampal slices reduced the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) uptake and CA1 field potentials evoked by stimulation of Schaffer collaterals. Autoradiograms revealed that ischemia for 15 or 20 min reduced 2-DG uptake in the stratum radiatum of the CA1 and the dentate gyrus. Similarly, the CA1 field potentials of slices exposed to ischemia for 15 and 20 min decreased by about 70 and 90% after a 6-h washout. In the second ...
Evaluation and Comparison of Various Strategies for Estimating Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rate from Brain Images in...Evaluation and Comparison of Various Strategies for Estimating Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rate from Brain Images in...
Positron emission tomography (PET) in use with F-18 labeled deoxyglucose (FDG) has received considerable attention in recent years for its role in studies of cerebral glucose metabolism. PET...
Cerebral glucose utilization in polysubstance abuse. - PubMed - NCBICerebral glucose utilization in polysubstance abuse. - PubMed - NCBI
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2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG), a glycolytic inhibitor analog of glucose, is widely investigated in experimental and clinical oncology for targeting glucose metabolism. Inhibition of the glycolytic pathway with 2-deoxyglucose leads to sensitization of tumor cells to other apoptotic stimuli(Maschek, G., et al Cancer Res. 64: 31-34, 2004). A phase I/II clinical trial of 2-DG for the treatment of advanced solid tumors and hormone refractory prostrate cancer has been initiated. One of the objectives of this dose escalation trial was to evaluate PK of 2-DG. The drug was administered orally on a daily schedule for 2 weeks of every 3 week cycle. The standard dose escalation format was followed with a starting dose 30mg/kg, escalated to 45mg/kg and 60mg/kg. So far twelve patients have been accrued for this trial (mean age, 65.4± 9.9 yrs), and all completed the study. Repeated oral administration of 2-DG was well tolerated, with a maximum tolerated dose (MTD) not exceeding 60mg/kg consecutive-day dosing. For the ...
Altmetric - Basic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimers and Parkinsons DiseasesAltmetric - Basic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
Attention for Chapter 139: Role of the Medial Limbic System in the Memory Process: A Hypothesis Based on a Radioactive 2-Deoxyglucose Study ...
Publications - Lampidis Cancer FoundationPublications - Lampidis Cancer Foundation
Combining 2-Deoxy-D-glucose with fenofibrate leads to tumor cell death mediated by simultaneous induction of energy and ER stress. Huaping Liu, Metin Kurtoglu, Clara Lucia León-Annicchiarico, Cristina Munoz-Pinedo, Julio Barredo, Guy Leclerc, Jaime Merchan, Xiongfei Liu, Theodore J. Lampidis. 2016 May 10. [Epub ahead of print]. View Article. Targeting cisplatin-resistant human tumor cells with metabolic inhibitors. Sullivan EJ, Kurtoglu M, Brenneman R, Liu H, Lampidis TJ. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 19. [Epub ahead of print]. View Article. Increased sensitivity to glucose starvation correlates with downregulation of glycogen phosphorylase isoform PYGB in tumor cell lines resistant to 2-deoxy-D-glucose. Philips KB, Kurtoglu M, Leung HJ, Liu H, Gao N, Lehrman MA, Murray TG, Lampidis TJ. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 1. [Epub ahead of print]. View Article. Conversion of 2-deoxyglucose-induced growth inhibition to cell death in normoxic tumor cells. Liu H, Kurtoglu M, Cao Y, Xi H, ...
In vivo determination of transport and metabolism of deoxyglucose in intestinal tissues | SpringerLinkIn vivo determination of transport and metabolism of deoxyglucose in intestinal tissues | SpringerLink
Experiments were carried out on 11 anesthetized cats (Na-pentobarbital). Uptake of a glucose analogue (2-deoxy- d-glucose) by intestinal mucosa and muscularis from arterial plasma was studied in...
Effect of age and high sucrose diet on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in perfused hindlimb<...Effect of age and high sucrose diet on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in perfused hindlimb<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of age and high sucrose diet on 2-deoxyglucose uptake in perfused hindlimb. AU - Eiffert, K. C.. AU - Stern, J. S.. AU - Horwitz, Barbara A. AU - Larkin, L. M.. AU - McDonald, R. B.. PY - 1993. Y1 - 1993. N2 - The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate insulin-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake in male Fischer 344 rats, age 6, 12, and 27 mo, fed either a sucrose (S: 66.6% sucrose, 17.6% protein, 6.4% fat) or sucrose-free (SF: 66.6% starch, 17.6% protein, 6.4% fat) diet for 3 mo. Skeletal muscle glucose uptake (R(g)) in perfused hindlimbs was estimated from the uptake and subsequent phosphorylation of radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in the gastrocnemius (GN), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and soleus (SOL) muscles. Rat hindlimbs were perfused at a rate of 10 ml · min-1 with a modified Krebs Henseleit buffer containing bovine red blood cells (hematocrit: 40%) and 5.85 mmole · L-1 glucose along with 358 pmoles · L-1 followed by 3580 pmoles · L-1 insulin. ...
Greiner Vacuette Glycolytic Inhibitor 4 ml - 454297Greiner Vacuette Glycolytic Inhibitor 4 ml - 454297
VACUETTE Glycolytic Inhibitor, Potassium Oxalate and Sodium Fluoride 4 ml, 13 x 75 mm case of 1200 for use in glucose and lactate determinations. Buy Now!
Serum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol: Risk Factor of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Well-Controlled DiabetesSerum 1,5-Anhydroglucitol: Risk Factor of Acute Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack in Well-Controlled Diabetes
Background: Serum 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) levels are a measure that provides information on daily glycemic variations. We evaluated whether 1,5-AG could be a possible marker of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods: We r
Inhibitory effect of cortisol in vitro on 2-deoxyglucose uptake and rn by J Rosen, J Fina et al."Inhibitory effect of cortisol in vitro on 2-deoxyglucose uptake and rn" by J Rosen, J Fina et al.
Rosen, J; Fina, J; Milholland, R; and Rosen, F, "Inhibitory effect of cortisol in vitro on 2-deoxyglucose uptake and rna and protein metabolism in lymphosarcoma p1798." (1972). Subject Strain Bibliography 1972. 218 ...
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Insulin binding and 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake were compared in the soleus, plantaris, and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles, in vitro, since the known biochemical profile of the soleus differs markedly from the other two. The present study showed that insulin binding increased in all three muscles with increasing concentrations of insulin in the range of 0.2- 30 nM. However, the increase in binding of insulin to soleus at each insulin concentration exceeded that observed in the other two muscles (P , 0.05). Differences between the plantaris and EDL were not significant. The quantity of insulin bound at each concentration also increased more rapidly in the soleus than in either the plantaris (P , 0.05) or EDL (P , 0.05). Basal and insulin-stimulated uptake of 2-deoxy-d-glucose was also greater in the soleus than in the other muscles (P , 0.05). Maximal 2-deoxy-d-glucose uptake occurred at 1 nM insulin in each of the three muscles. These results indicate that in metabolically distinct types ...
Glycolysis InhibitorsGlycolysis Inhibitors
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SV40 Virus Transformation of Mouse 3T3 Cells Does Not Specifically Enhance Sugar Transport | ScienceSV40 Virus Transformation of Mouse 3T3 Cells Does Not Specifically Enhance Sugar Transport | Science
The apparent enhancement of 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake by mouse 3T3 cells accompanying transformation by SV40 virus is not due primarily to an effect on the transport process but to enhanced phosphorylation of the sugar by intracellular kinases. Moreover, the effect is not specifically a function of the presence of the viral genome, but is a reflection of the overall growth rate and physiological state of the cell. ...
2-Deoxy-d-glucose - Alfa Chemistry2-Deoxy-d-glucose - Alfa Chemistry
2-Deoxy-d-glucose/ACM154178 can be provided in Alfa Chemistry. We are dedicated to provide our customers the best products and services.
2-[2-13c]Acetamido-2-Deoxy-d-glucose - Alfa Chemistry2-[2-13c]Acetamido-2-Deoxy-d-glucose - Alfa Chemistry
2-[2-13c]Acetamido-2-Deoxy-d-glucose/ACM478518897 can be provided in Alfa Chemistry. We are dedicated to provide our customers the best products and services.
2-Deoxy-D-glucose | Phion2-Deoxy-D-glucose | Phion
Product Number , 73965300. CAS Number , 154-17-6. EC , 205-823-0. Molecular Formula , C6H12O5. Molecular Weight , 164.16. Storage Temp , Harmonized Tariff code , 29400000. Signal Word , ...
Structure Summary for 2O8FStructure Summary for 2O8F
Chain E. (DG)(DA)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG). Chain F. (DC)(DG)(DC)(DT)(DA)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DG)(DC)(DG)(DG)(DC)(DC)(DG)(DT)(DC) ...
Nitrendipine improves glucose tolerance and deoxyglucose uptake in hypertensive rats. | HypertensionNitrendipine improves glucose tolerance and deoxyglucose uptake in hypertensive rats. | Hypertension
We assessed the effect of the vasodilating calcium channel blocker nitrendipine on glucose tolerance in young spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) (n = 15). The nitrendipine group received 1 g/kg chow for 3 weeks. Untreated SHR (n = 14) served as controls. At 3 weeks body weight was comparable, whereas systolic blood pressure was 157 +/- 9 mm Hg in nitrendipine-treated rats versus 191 +/- 10 mm Hg in controls (mean +/- SD, P , .00001). Fasting glucose was 6.8 +/- 2.7 mmol/L in nitrendipine-treated versus 8.9 +/- 1.5 mmol/L in control rats (P , .03). An intravenous glucose tolerance test (300 mg/kg) showed plasma glucose levels at 2, 5, 15, and 30 minutes to be significantly lower in the nitrendipine-treated group versus controls (two-way ANOVA, P , .03). Glucose utilization was estimated by the uptake of [3H]deoxyglucose after its intravenous administration (2 microCi/100 g body wt) to instrumented awake animals. Heart and striated muscle uptake was, respectively, 7983 +/- 5812 and 951 +/- 731 ...
Glycolytic inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose reduces hyperglycemia-associated mortality and morbidity in the ischemic rat. | StrokeGlycolytic inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose reduces hyperglycemia-associated mortality and morbidity in the ischemic rat. | Stroke
Numerous laboratories have shown that hyperglycemia increases cerebral ischemic damage. This presumably results from increased lactate production and accumulation during ischemia. Although increased tissue lactic acidosis is associated with increased ischemic brain damage, this damage has not been directly linked to glycolytic flux. Because 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) is a competitive inhibitor of glycolysis we tested its ability to reduce hyperglycemia-exacerbated ischemic brain damage. Severe forebrain ischemia was produced by the four-vessel occlusion model in rats. Four rats received 3 g/kg glucose and saline while a second group (n = 5) was injected with 3 g/kg glucose plus 1.6 g/kg 2-DG. A third group (n = 5) was treated with 1 g/kg glucose plus saline and a fourth group (n = 5) received 1 g/kg glucose and 1.6 g/kg 2-DG. All rats were injected i.p. 10 minutes prior to the ischemic insult with the same volume/kg body weight. All rats receiving the high dose of glucose alone (3 g/kg) were dead ...
Transport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by amphibian retina. Effects of light and darkness. | JGPTransport and phosphorylation of 2-deoxy-D-glucose by amphibian retina. Effects of light and darkness. | JGP
We studied the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) and the synthesis of its phosphorylated product 2DG-6-phosphate (2DG-6P) by the retinas of the clawed frog (Xenopus laevis) and the bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana). Autoradiographs showed that most of the retinal 2DG uptake is by the photoreceptor layer. The 2DG accumulation by isolated Xenopus retinas was time and concentration dependent. The Kt for transport was 5.05 mM; Vmax was 6.99 X 10(-10) mol . mg-1 tissue wet weight min-1. The Km for 2DG-6P formation was estimated to be 2-3 mM and Vmax to be approximately 4 x 10(-9) mol . mg-1 min-1. 2DG uptake was inhibited competitively by glucose with a Ki of 2.29 mM. Exposure to light reduced 2DG uptake by no more than 10% as compared with dark uptake. Low sodium or ouabain (10(-4)-10(-7) M) treatment did not significantly alter 2DG uptake as compared with control retinas. In experiments upon intact, anesthetized bullfrogs, light reduced both the total amount of radioactivity acquired by the retina and ...
18FDG-PET Predicts Pharmacodynamic Response to OSI-906, a Dual IGF-1R/IR Inhibitor, in Preclinical Mouse Models of Lung Cancer ...18FDG-PET Predicts Pharmacodynamic Response to OSI-906, a Dual IGF-1R/IR Inhibitor, in Preclinical Mouse Models of Lung Cancer ...
Purpose: To evaluate 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography imaging (18FDG-PET) as a predictive, noninvasive, pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker of response following administration of a small-molecule insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor and insulin receptor (IGF-1R/IR) inhibitor, OSI-906.. Experimental Design: In vitro uptake studies of 3H-2-deoxy glucose following OSI-906 exposure were conducted evaluating correlation of dose with inhibition of IGF-1R/IR as well as markers of downstream pathways and glucose metabolism. Similarly, in vivo PD effects were evaluated in human tumor cell line xenografts propagated in athymic nude mice by 18FDG-PET at 2, 4, and 24 hours following a single treatment of OSI-906 for the correlation of inhibition of receptor targets and downstream markers.. Results: Uptake of 3H-2-deoxy glucose and 18FDG was significantly diminished following OSI-906 exposure in sensitive tumor cells and subcutaneous xenografts (NCI-H292) but not in an insensitive ...
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Our previous study demonstrated that microinjection of leptin into the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) dramatically increased glucose uptake in the heart, brown adipose tissue (BAT), and skeletal muscles, but not in white adipose tissue (WAT) in conscious unrestrained rats, as assessed in vivo by the 2-[3H]deoxyglucose method. Here we examined the role of the sympathetic nervous system and insulin in enhanced glucose uptake by tissues after hypothalamic leptin injection. Pretreatment with guanethidine significantly suppressed the increased glucose uptake by the tissues in response to leptin injected into the VMH, whereas bilateral adrenal demedullation had no significant effect. Treatment with propranolol but not phenoxybenzamine also decreased significantly enhanced glucose uptake by the tissues. We further examined the interaction of the effects of hypothalamic leptin and insulin administered peripherally by clamping the glucose concentrations at a constant level. When leptin was injected into ...
The bifunctional autophagic flux by 2-deoxyglucose to control survival or growth of prostate cancer cells | BMC Cancer | Full...The bifunctional autophagic flux by 2-deoxyglucose to control survival or growth of prostate cancer cells | BMC Cancer | Full...
Recent reports using metabolism regulating drugs showed that nutrient deprivation was an efficient tool to suppress cancer progression. In addition, autophagy control is emerging to prevent cancer cell survival. Autophagy breaks down the unnecessary cytoplasmic components into anabolic units and energy sources, which are the most important sources for making the ATP that maintains homeostasis in cancer cell growth and survival. Therefore, the glucose analog 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) has been used as an anticancer reagent due to its inhibition of glycolysis. Prostate cancer cells (PC3) were treated with 2DG for 6 h or 48 h to analyze the changing of cell cycle and autophagic flux. Rapamycin and LC3B overexpressing vectors were administered to PC3 cells for autophagy induction and chloroquine and shBeclin1 plasmid were used to inhibit autophagy in PC3 cells to analyze PC3 cells growth and survival. The samples for western blotting were prepared in each culture condition to confirm the expression level of
Variety and complexity of fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose accumulations in the oral cavity of patients with oral...Variety and complexity of fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose accumulations in the oral cavity of patients with oral...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Variety and complexity of fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose accumulations in the oral cavity of patients with oral cancers. AU - Kito, S.. AU - Koga, H.. AU - Kodama, M.. AU - Habu, M.. AU - Kokuryo, S.. AU - Yamamoto, N.. AU - Oda, M.. AU - Nishino, T.. AU - Zhang, M.. AU - Matsuo, K.. AU - Wakasugi-Sato, N.. AU - Matsumoto-Takeda, S.. AU - Seta, Y.. AU - Yoshiga, D.. AU - Kaneuji, T.. AU - Nogami, S.. AU - Yoshioka, I.. AU - Yamashita, Y.. AU - Tanaka, T.. AU - Miyamoto, I.. AU - Kitamura, C.. AU - Tominaga, K.. AU - Morimoto, Y.. PY - 2013/7. Y1 - 2013/7. N2 - Objectives: To elucidate the points that require attention when interpreting fluorine-18-labelled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG)/ positron emission tomography (PET) images by demonstration of 18F-FDG accumulation in various areas of the oral cavity other than primary lesions in patients with oral cancers. Methods: 18F-FDG accumulations with a maximal standardized uptake value of over 2.5 in various areas ...
Deoxy-D-glucose, 2-[14C(U)]-, Specific Activity: 250-350mCi (9.25-13.0GBq)/mmol, 250µCi (9.25MBq) | PerkinElmerDeoxy-D-glucose, 2-[14C(U)]-, Specific Activity: 250-350mCi (9.25-13.0GBq)/mmol, 250µCi (9.25MBq) | PerkinElmer
250 µCi quantities of 2-[14C(U)]-Deoxy-D-Glucose (300-350mCi/mmol) are available for your research. Application of [14C]Deoxy-D-Glucose can be found in: glucose transporter isoform GLUT4 gene regulation and mechanisms in insulin resistance, selectively suppressing the quinolinic acid-induced enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis in glial cells, stimulatory effect of d-ephedrine on ß3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue of rats, glucose utilization in the brain during acute seizure as a useful biomarker for the evaluation of anticonvulsants, etc. ...
Deoxy-D-glucose, 2-[14C(U)]-, Specific Activity: 250-350mCi (9.25-13.0GBq)/mmol, 250µCi (9.25MBq) | PerkinElmerDeoxy-D-glucose, 2-[14C(U)]-, Specific Activity: 250-350mCi (9.25-13.0GBq)/mmol, 250µCi (9.25MBq) | PerkinElmer
250 µCi quantities of 2-[14C(U)]-Deoxy-D-Glucose (300-350mCi/mmol) are available for your research. Application of [14C]Deoxy-D-Glucose can be found in: glucose transporter isoform GLUT4 gene regulation and mechanisms in insulin resistance, selectively suppressing the quinolinic acid-induced enhancement of anaerobic glycolysis in glial cells, stimulatory effect of d-ephedrine on ß3-adrenoceptors in adipose tissue of rats, glucose utilization in the brain during acute seizure as a useful biomarker for the evaluation of anticonvulsants, etc. ...
2-amino-2-deoxy-D-[1, 2-13C2]glucose HCl (D-[1, 2-13C2]glucosamine hydrochloride) - Creative Proteomics2-amino-2-deoxy-D-[1, 2-13C2]glucose HCl (D-[1, 2-13C2]glucosamine hydrochloride) - Creative Proteomics
Creative-Proteomics offer cas 66-84-2 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-[1, 2-13C2]glucose HCl (D-[1, 2-13C2]glucosamine hydrochloride). We are specialized in manufacturing Stabel Isotope Labeled Analytical Standard products.
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Objective: 1, 5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a short-term marker of metabolic control in diabetes. Its renal loss is stimulated in hyperglycemic conditions by glycosuria, which results in lowered plasma concentration. As low renal threshold for glucose has been described in HNF-1α MODY, 1,5-AG level may be altered in these patients. The purpose of this study was to assess the 1,5-AG levels in HNF-1α MODY patients and in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) subjects with a similar degree of metabolic control. In addition, we aimed to evaluate this particle as a biomarker for HNF-1α MODY.. Research Design and Methods: We included 33 diabetic patients from the Polish Nationwide Registry of MODY. In addition, we examined 43 T2DM patients and 47 non-diabetic controls. 1,5-AG concentration was measured with an enzymatic assay (GlycoMark). The ROC (receiver operation characteristic) analysis was utilized to evaluate 1,5-AG as a screening marker for HNF-1α MODY.. Results: The mean 1, 5-AG plasma concentration in ...
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Aged rats (22 to 24 months) and young control rats (3 months) were tested in a battery of behavioral tests which included tests of learning, place navigation, sensorimotor integration, motor coordination, activity, and exploration. Following testing all animals were analyzed in an unanesthetized state for their local glucose utilization. Significant differences in glucose utilization were found between the aged and young groups on some behaviors and in some brain regions. There was considerable variability in the aged group in both their behavioral performance and their glucose utilization scores; thus, attempts were made to determine whether the variability in the degree of impairment within any particular behavioral test was correlated to the regional glucose utilization scores in any of the 45 brain regions analyzed. In two of the behavioral tests employed (i.e., one for learning and one for place navigation), the decline in performance correlated significantly with the decrement in regional ...
pathological hypercaptation of the lingula | Case Studiespathological hypercaptation of the lingula | Case Studies
An occasion chest X-ray of a 74-year-old female revealed a thickening in her left lung, and the tumor ... PET SCAN : pathological accumulation of the radioactive marked glucose analogue at the ... PET scan (06/12/07): pathological hypercaptation of the lingula (max. SUV 6.8) 01/2008: left lingular .... ...
Search Articles | University of Toronto LibrariesSearch Articles | University of Toronto Libraries
by Lees, J. P and Poireau, V and Tisserand, V and Grauges, E and Palano, A and Eigen, G and Brown, D. N and Kolomensky, Yu. G and Fritsch, M and Schroeder, T and Hearty, C and Mattison, T. S and McKenna, J. A and So, R. Y and Blinov, V. E and Buzykaev, A. R and zhinin, V. P and Golubev, V. B and Kravchenko, E. A and Onuchin, A. P and Serednyakov, S. I and Skovpen, Yu. I and Solodov, E. P and Todyshev, K. Yu and Lankford, A. J and Gary, J. W and Long, O and Eisner, A. M and Lockman, W. S and Vazquez, W. Panduro and Chao, D. S and Echenard, B and Flood, K. T and Hitlin, D. G and Miyashita, T. S and Ongmongkolkul, P and Rohrken, M and Huard, Z and Meadows, B. T and Pushpawela, B. G and Sokoloff, M. D and Smith, J. G and Wagner, S. R and Bernard, D and Verderi, M and Bettoni, D and Bozzi, C and Calabrese, R and Cibinetto, G and Fioravanti, E and Garzia, I and Luppi, E and Santoro, V and Calcaterra, A and de Sangro, R and Finocchiaro, G and Martellotti, S and Patteri, P and Peruzzi, I. M and Piccolo, ...
Features of Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Abnormality in Corticobasal Degeneration - Abstract - Dementia and Geriatric...Features of Regional Cerebral Glucose Metabolism Abnormality in Corticobasal Degeneration - Abstract - Dementia and Geriatric...
We studied regional cerebral glucose metabolism in 15 patients with a clinical diagnosis of corticobasal degeneration (CBD), 15 patients with probable Alzheimers disease (AD), and 15 healthy controls
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The effect of chronic levodopa administration on the functional activity of the basal ganglia and its output regions was evaluated by means of the 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiographic technique in rats with a unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesion of the nigrostriatal pathway. The rates of local cerebral glucose utilization were studied under basal conditions as well as in response to challenge with a selective D1 or D2 dopamine-receptor agonist. Levodopa (100 mg/kg/d, i.p.) was administered for 19 d either continuously via infusion with an osmotic pump or intermittently by twice-daily injections. Following a 3-d washout, glucose utilization was found to be decreased by both levodopa regimens in the nucleus accumbens; intermittent levodopa also decreased glucose utilization in the entopeduncular nucleus, subthalamic nucleus, ventrolateral thalamus, ventromedial thalamus, ventroposterolateral thalamus, and lateral habenula. In control (lesioned and treated chronically with saline) rats, the D1 ...
Regional cerebral glucose metabolism during and after bilateral cerebral ischemia in the gerbil. | StrokeRegional cerebral glucose metabolism during and after bilateral cerebral ischemia in the gerbil. | Stroke
Cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRG) was measured using the 14C-deoxyglucose technique in a stroke model of the gerbil produced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion. During 30 minutes of ischemia, 14C-deoxyglucose uptake in the brain was increased along the border zone between the ischemic and nonischemic area and decreased in the ischemic areas. During the early stage of reperfusion (2 or 3 to 30 minutes), CMRG increased 50 to 150% in the cerebral cortex, caudoputamen and thalamus and 270 to 320% in the hippocampus, globus pallidus and amygdala. During the late stage of reperfusion (15 to 45 minutes), heterogeneity of CMRG appeared in the cerebral cortex, caudoputamen and thalamus. CMRG decreased to less than 50% of the control value in the cerebral cortex but remained at 200 to 300% of control in the hippocampus, globus pallidus and amygdala. The latter structures exhibited a larger and more protracted increase in glucose metabolism than the other structures most probably due to ...
Fluorescent glucose biosensor - WikipediaFluorescent glucose biosensor - Wikipedia
Fluorescent glucose biosensors are devices that measure the concentration of glucose in diabetic patients by means of sensitive protein that relays the concentration by means of fluorescence, an alternative to amperometric sension of glucose. No device has yet entered the medical market, but, due to the prevalence of diabetes, it is the prime drive in the construction of fluorescent biosensors. Keeping glucose levels in check is crucial to minimize the onset of the damage caused by diabetes. As a consequence, in conjunction with insulin administrations, the prime requirement for diabetic patients is to regularly monitor their blood glucose levels. The monitoring systems currently in general use have the drawback of below optimal number of readings, due to their reliance on a drop of fresh blood. Some continuous glucose monitors are commercially available, but suffer from the severe drawback of a short working life of the probe. The majority of these work amperometrically. As a result, there is ...
4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose 29218-07-3 MSDS, Safety Technical Specifications MSDS4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose 29218-07-3 MSDS, Safety Technical Specifications MSDS
4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose 29218-07-3 MSDS report, 4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose MSDS safety technical specifications search, 4-Deoxy-4-fluoro-D-glucose safety information specifications ect.
Habenula - ScholarpediaHabenula - Scholarpedia
Amat J, Sparks PD, Matus-Amat P, Griggs J, Watkins LR, Maier SF (2001) The role of the habenular complex in the elevation of dorsal raphe nucleus serotonin and the changes in the behavioral responses produced by uncontrollable stress. Brain Res 917:118-126. Araki M, McGeer PL, McGeer EG (1984) Retrograde HRP tracing combined with a pharmacohistochemical method for GABA transaminase for the identification of presumptive GABAergic projections to the habenula. Brain Res 304:271-277. Brady JV, Nauta WJ (1955) Subcortical mechanisms in emotional behavior: the duration of affective changes following septal and habenular lesions in the albino rat. J Comp Physiol Psychol 48:412-420. Butler AB, Hodos W (2005) Comparative Vertebrate Neuroanatomy: Evolution and Adaptation. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Liss. Caldecott-Hazard S, Mazziotta J, Phelps M (1988) Cerebral correlates of depressed behavior in rats, visualized using 14C-2-deoxyglucose autoradiography. J Neurosci 8:1951-1961. Caputo A, Ghiringhelli L, ...
Tritiated 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose: A high‐resolution marker for autoradiographic localization of brain metabolism<...Tritiated 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose: A high‐resolution marker for autoradiographic localization of brain metabolism<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Tritiated 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose. T2 - A high‐resolution marker for autoradiographic localization of brain metabolism. AU - Hammer, Ronald P.. AU - Herkenham, Miles. PY - 1984/1/1. Y1 - 1984/1/1. N2 - The technique for autoradiographic localization of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (2DG) uptake has become a useful method for observing alterations of functional brain activity resulting from experimental manipulation. Autoradiographic resolution is improved using tritiated ([3H]) rather than carbon‐14 ([14C])2DG, due to the lower energy and shorter path of tritium emissions. In addition, lower 2DG uptake by white matter relative to gray matter is exaggerated in the [3H]2DG autoradiographs due to the greater absorption of tritium emissions by lipids. Using [3H]2DG, it is possible to observe differential metabolic labeling in various individual nuclei or portions of nuclei that is unresolvable using [14C]2DG in the awake, normal animal. Heterogeneous patterns of 2DG uptake seen only ...
ORBi: Browsing ORBiORBi: Browsing ORBi
in Neurology (2004), 63(12), 2332-2340. Objectives: To investigate whether the combination of fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET measures with the APOE genotype would improve prediction of the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to ... [more ▼]. Objectives: To investigate whether the combination of fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET measures with the APOE genotype would improve prediction of the conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer disease ( AD). Method: After 1 year, 8 of 37 patients with MCI converted to AD (22%). Differences in baseline regional glucose metabolic rate (rCMRglc) across groups were assessed on a voxel-based basis using a two-factor analysis of variance with outcome (converters [n = 8] vs nonconverters [n = 29]) and APOE genotype (E4 carriers [E4+] [n = 16] vs noncarriers [E4-] [n = 21]) as grouping factors. Results were considered significant at p , 0.05, corrected for multiple comparisons. Results: All converters showed reduced rCMRglc in ...
Peters Blog: January 2011Peter's Blog: January 2011
Neurofunctional Imaging of Plasticity in Mouse Somatic Sensory Cortex during Development and in Maturity: The color-coded images show energy metabolism in sections cut tangentially through the right cortical hemisphere. The quantitative autoradiographic deoxyglucose method was employed for neurofunctional imaging. Outlines of the barrels in somatic sensory cortex are superimposed on the images (The nose is to the right; the midline is up). When six whiskers, that is whiskers B1-3 and D1-3, on the left side were stimulated, focal regions of increased metabolic nerve cell activity (red) were found co-localized with the corresponding barrels B1-3 and D1-3 (top image; row A is outside the plane of section; the arrow points at barrel E1). The distinct gap of low activity between the highly activated regions comprises barrels C1-3. When the follicles of whiskers C1-3 were removed on the day of birth, the barrels that would have represented these whisker did not develop and the adjacent barrels ...
Experimental study for cancer diagnosis with positron-labeled fluorinated glucose analogs: [<sup>18</sup>F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D...Experimental study for cancer diagnosis with positron-labeled fluorinated glucose analogs: [<sup>18</sup>F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Experimental study for cancer diagnosis with positron-labeled fluorinated glucose analogs. T2 - [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose: A new tracer for cancer detection. AU - Fukuda, Hiroshi. AU - Matsuzawa, Taiju. AU - Abe, Yoshinao. AU - Endo, Satoshi. AU - Yamada, Kenji. AU - Kubota, Kazuo. AU - Hatazawa, Jun. AU - Sato, Tachio. AU - Ito, Masatoshi. AU - Takahashi, Toshihiro. AU - Iwata, Ren. AU - Ido, Tatsuo. PY - 1982/7/1. Y1 - 1982/7/1. N2 - 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) and 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-mannose (18F-FDM) were tested as tumor diagnostic agents in a transplantable rat tumor and rabbit tumors. Tissue distribution studies in rats showed high tumor uptakes of both radiopharmaceuticals. The tumor uptake reached 2.65±0.61% dose 18F-FDG/g and 2.65±0.81% dose 18F-FDM/g at 60 min and remained relatively constant until 120 min. Blood clearance of both 18F-FDG and 28F-FDM was very rapid and tumor-to-blood ratios reached 22.1 and 29.4 at 60 min, respectively. ...
Initial experience with continuous intra-arterial fluorescent glucose monitoring in patients in the ICU following cardiac...Initial experience with continuous intra-arterial fluorescent glucose monitoring in patients in the ICU following cardiac...
The sensor was successfully deployed in all five patients and did not interfere with clinical care, blood pressure monitoring or sampling. One patient suffered a cardiopulmonary arrest; the sensor functioned successfully during resuscitation and urgent return to the operating room. One hundred and twenty reference samples ranging from 5.9 to 13.4 mmol/l were collected; 107/120 (89.2%) of GluCath measurements met ISO 15197 criteria (within ±20% of reference when BG ,4.2 mmol/l; Figure 1). In Subject 1 the sensor was inadvertently retracted into the arterial catheter during the study, leading to measurement error from arterial flush solution contamination. In a sensitivity analysis excluding this patient, 89/95 (93.7%) of measurements met ISO 15197 with a mean absolute relative difference of 9.4 ...
Metabolic control of resistance of human epithelial cells to H2O2 and NO stresses | Biochemical Journal | Portland PressMetabolic control of resistance of human epithelial cells to H2O2 and NO stresses | Biochemical Journal | Portland Press
The carbon flux through the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) can be viewed as an integrator of the antioxidant mechanisms via the generation of NADPH. It could therefore be used as a control point of the cellular response to an oxidative stress. Replacement of glucose by galactose sensitized the human epithelial cell line HGT-1 to H2O2 stress. Here we demonstrate that, due to the restricted galactose flux into the PPP, the H2O2 stress led to early cellular blebbing followed by cell necrosis, these changes being associated with a fall in the NADPH/NADP+ ratio and GSH depletion. H2O2 cytotoxicity was prevented by adding 2-deoxyglucose (2dGlc). This protection was associated with an increased flow of 2-deoxyglucose 6-phosphate into the oxidative branch of the PPP together with the prevention of the NADPH/NADP+ fall and the maintenance of intracellular GSH redox homoeostasis. Inhibitors of enzyme pathways connecting the PPP to GSH recycling abolished the 2dGlc protection. In ...
Sarcomas represent a diverse group of malignancies with distinct pathological andSarcomas represent a diverse group of malignancies with distinct pathological and
... molecular features. and regular cells. Curiously, inhibitors of mitochondrial breathing do not really considerably impact viability, but had been capable to boost level of sensitivity of sarcomas to inhibition of glycolysis. Additionally, inhibition of glycolysis considerably decreased intracellular ATP amounts, and level of sensitivity to 2-DG-induced development inhibition was related to respiratory prices and glycolytic addiction. Our results demonstrate book human relationships between sarcoma bioenergetics and level of sensitivity to metabolic inhibitors, and recommend that inhibition of metabolic paths in sarcomas should become additional looked into as a potential restorative technique. < 0.05, indicating that WHI-P 154 IC50 cells that are more reliant on glycolysis possess WHI-P 154 IC50 lower ATP-linked respiration rates. Level of sensitivity of human being sarcoma cells to glycolysis inhibition To examine ...
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Introduction: Metabolic adaptations favor survival of cancer cells with higher glucose uptake. 2-Deoxy-glucose (2DG), a mimetic of glucose cannot undergo further glycolysis and hampers cell growth, essential during tumor metabolism. Chemotherapy with Cisplatin (Cis) and Pemetrexed (Pem) is the main treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). However, there is lack of evidence on the effects of 2DG in MPM.. Aim: To assess the synergistic effect of 2DG with Cis+Pem during cell migration in wound scratch assay.. Methods: Epithelioid (M14K), biphasic (MSTO) and sarcomatoid (ZL34) MPM cells were used in the study. Cells were grown into confluent monolayers and wounded. Wound widths were measured by microscopic imaging immediately and 8 hours after wound scratch in 10%FBS-RPMI (con), Cis(10μM)+Pem(200μM) or 2DG(3mM)+Cis+Pem. Statistical analyses were performed to assess cell migration.. Results: Migration with both treatments (Cis+Pem, 2DG+Cis+Pem) was significantly reduced compared to ...
Pi Chemicals System - PI-15720 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (154-17-6)Pi Chemicals System - PI-15720 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (154-17-6)
Provide fine chemicals, building blocks and pharmaceutical intermediates. PI-15720 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (154-17-6) Synonym: Molecular Formula: C6H12O5 Weight: 164.16 CAS No: 154-17-6 Appearance: white crystalline solid Purity:98.0% FM Point:146-147℃ Order online from laboratory chemical supplier and distributor.
Cell count | Zellanalys to » Metabolism and Human T Cell ProliferationCell count | Zellanalys to » Metabolism and Human T Cell Proliferation
The relationship between T-cell metabolism and T cell effector function is little studied for human T cells. A recent publication by K. Renner et al. now reports about investigations of the group with human CD4 and CD8 T cells.. The authors used the CASY, to accurately and reliably determine the cell number and cell volume in proliferation assays and metabolic restriction experiments.. Read the publication here:. Metabolic plasticity of human T cells: Preserved cytokine production under glucose deprivation or mitochondrial restriction, but 2-deoxy-glucose affects effector functions. Kathrin Renner, Anna-Lena Geiselhöringer, Matthias Fante, Christina Bruss, Stephanie Dyer, Gabriele Saeed hammer, Katrin Peter, Katrin singer, Reinhard Andreesen, Petra Hoffmann, Peter Abubakar, Wolfgang Mr, Marina Kreutz.. Eur J Immunol. 2015 Sep;45(9):2504-16. two: 10.1002/eji.201545473. ...
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In the present study, we have shown the antitumoral effect generated by the lis/lin/GO treatment. The linamarase/linamarin system induces cell death in a proportional manner to the linamarin concentration, destroying the entire cell culture in ∼96 to 120 hours. Cyanide mainly inhibits oxidative phosphorylation, the most important cellular source of energy. However, several studies had reported that the mitochondrial function is impaired in tumor cells, resulting in an elevated rate of glycolysis (30-32), which would circumvent the described therapy. In this context, we tried to combine lis/lin system with subtoxic amounts of the glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromo-pyruvate and we did not find any improvement of the therapy (data not shown). We have nevertheless investigated a combination that increases the system aggressiveness by combining a cyanide-inducing process with a nontoxic amount of GO that accelerates death by 48 hours. In the conditions we have used, GO advances cell death without causing ...
AbstractAbstract
There are two main pathways of ATP biosynthesis: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. As a rule, the two pathways are not fully active in a single cell. In this review, we discuss mechanisms of glycolytic inhibition of respiration (Warburg and Crabtree effects). What are the reasons for the existence of this negative feedback? It is known that maximal activation of both processes can cause generation of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative phosphorylation is more efficient from the energy point of view, while glycolysis is safer and favors biomass synthesis. This might be the reason why quiescent cells are mainly using oxidative phosphorylation, while the quickly proliferating ones - glycolysis ...
Energy metabolism and t-cell-mediated cytolysis. II. Selective inhib by H R. Macdonald"Energy metabolism and t-cell-mediated cytolysis. II. Selective inhib" by H R. Macdonald
Macdonald, H R., "Energy metabolism and t-cell-mediated cytolysis. II. Selective inhibition of cytolysis by 2-deoxy-d-glucose." (1977). Subject Strain Bibliography 1977. 1211 ...
SAUSA300 0820 - AureoWikiSAUSA300 0820 - AureoWiki
Cell structureCell envelopeBiosynthesis and degradation of surface polysaccharides and lipopolysaccharidesTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-D-glucose transaminase (TIGR02379; HMM-score: 21) ...
2-Deoxy-2-Phthalimido-tri-acetofluoro-alpha-D-glucose › PeptaNova2-Deoxy-2-Phthalimido-tri-acetofluoro-alpha-D-glucose › PeptaNova
2-Deoxy-2-Phthalimido-tri-acetofluoro-alpha-D-glucose2-Deoxy-2-Phthalimido-3,4,6-Tri-O-Acetyl-alpha-D-Glucopyranosyl Fluoride22004 1g | ...
2-deoxy-D-gluconate 3-dehydrogenase2-deoxy-D-gluconate 3-dehydrogenase
Herman S. BachelardHerman S. Bachelard
UDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenaseUDP-glucose 6-dehydrogenase
Para-ChloroamphetaminePara-Chloroamphetamine
Thomas KilduffThomas Kilduff
2-Deoxy-D-glucose2-Deoxy-D-glucose
William J. SchwartzWilliam J. Schwartz
Caloric restriction mimeticCaloric restriction mimetic
Electronic fluency deviceElectronic fluency device
Retronasal smellRetronasal smell
RadiopharmacologyRadiopharmacology
Society for Research on Biological RhythmsSociety for Research on Biological Rhythms
Cortical columnCortical column
UDP-sulfoquinovose synthaseUDP-sulfoquinovose synthase
Unfolded protein responseUnfolded protein response
Michel Ter-PogossianMichel Ter-Pogossian
SLC2A9SLC2A9
MetastasectomyMetastasectomy
SLC2A6SLC2A6
Molecular imagingMolecular imaging
1,5-Anhydroglucitol1,5-Anhydroglucitol
AcadesineAcadesine
Fludeoxyglucose (18F)Fludeoxyglucose (18F)
Monolysocardiolipin acyltransferaseMonolysocardiolipin acyltransferase
Behavioral neuroscienceBehavioral neuroscience
FluorodeoxyglycosylamineFluorodeoxyglycosylamine
Orientation columnOrientation column
Russell L. De ValoisRussell L. De Valois
Rak żołądka człowieka, wolna encyklopediaRak żołądka człowieka, wolna encyklopedia
HypothalamusHypothalamus
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
DeoxyglucoseDeoxy SugarsGlucoseHexosesAntimetabolitesMethylglucosidesMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsAutoradiographyFluorodeoxyglucose F18Glycolysis3-O-MethylglucoseBiological TransportHexokinaseCarbon RadioisotopesInsulinGlucose-6-PhosphateGlucosephosphatesGlucose Transporter Type 1Glucose Transporter Type 4Glucose Transporter Type 3Tomography, Emission-ComputedBiological Transport, ActiveFluorine RadioisotopesKineticsCytochalasin BBrainRadiopharmaceuticalsAdenosine TriphosphateMannoseTolazamideMethylglycosidesInsulin AntagonistsGlycogenGlucosaminePhosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase SystemReceptor, InsulinMuscle, SkeletalSodium AzidePhloretin4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazanRats, Inbred StrainsPositron-Emission TomographyFructoseMuscle ProteinsGlucokinaseGalactoseMethylgalactosidesIodoacetatesAntimycin AEnergy MetabolismThiogalactosidesLactatesAdipocytesThioglycosidesMannoheptuloseRats, Sprague-DawleyHexosephosphatesTritiumBlood GlucoseCells, CulturedPhlorhizinAdipose TissuePhosphorylationDinitrophenolsCyanidesGlucose Transport Proteins, FacilitativeLactic AcidMyocardiumCarbohydrate MetabolismCell MembraneRats, WistarSalicylamidesCell LineOligomycinsAminoimidazole CarboxamideIodoacetic AcidUncoupling Agents
In vivo determination of transport and metabolism of deoxyglucose in intestinal tissues | SpringerLinkIn vivo determination of transport and metabolism of deoxyglucose in intestinal tissues | SpringerLink
Abstract 2756: Phase I trial of 2-deoxyglucose for treatment of advanced solid tumors and hormone refractory prostate cancer: A...Abstract 2756: Phase I trial of 2-deoxyglucose for treatment of advanced solid tumors and hormone refractory prostate cancer: A...
The [14C]Deoxyglucose Method for the Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization: Theory, Procedure, and Normal Values ...The [14C]Deoxyglucose Method for the Measurement of Local Cerebral Glucose Utilization: Theory, Procedure, and Normal Values ...
Altmetric - Basic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimers and Parkinsons DiseasesAltmetric - Basic, Clinical, and Therapeutic Aspects of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases
2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase - Wikipedia2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase - Wikipedia
DTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase - WikipediaDTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase - Wikipedia
2-Deoxyglucose, MO-TMS2-Deoxyglucose, MO-TMS
Nitrendipine improves glucose tolerance and deoxyglucose uptake in hypertensive rats. | HypertensionNitrendipine improves glucose tolerance and deoxyglucose uptake in hypertensive rats. | Hypertension
AuNP-DG: Deoxyglucose-Labeled Gold Nanoparticles as X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents for Cancer Imaging | SpringerLinkAuNP-DG: Deoxyglucose-Labeled Gold Nanoparticles as X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents for Cancer Imaging | SpringerLink
Frontiers | 2-Deoxyglucose and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: Metabolic Agents for Seizure Control | Cellular NeuroscienceFrontiers | 2-Deoxyglucose and Beta-Hydroxybutyrate: Metabolic Agents for Seizure Control | Cellular Neuroscience
PET for diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the scalp: comparison of [11C]methyl-L-methionine and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. -...PET for diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the scalp: comparison of [11C]methyl-L-methionine and [18F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose. -...
Dietary restriction and 2-deoxyglucose administration improve behavioral outcome and reduce degeneration of dopaminergic...Dietary restriction and 2-deoxyglucose administration improve behavioral outcome and reduce degeneration of dopaminergic...
Table 2 | [18F]-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography Scan Should Be Obtained Early in Cases of Autoimmune...Table 2 | [18F]-Fluoro-Deoxy-Glucose Positron Emission Tomography Scan Should Be Obtained Early in Cases of Autoimmune...
Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs Synergize with 2-Deoxyglucose to Trigger Breast Cancer Cell Death | Cancer ResearchMitochondria-Targeted Drugs Synergize with 2-Deoxyglucose to Trigger Breast Cancer Cell Death | Cancer Research
Correlation Between Various Adipokines and Vascular Inflammation Measured by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) With 18F-fluoro...Correlation Between Various Adipokines and Vascular Inflammation Measured by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) With 18F-fluoro...
Foods | Free Full-Text | A 2-Deoxyglucose-Resistant Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Shows Enhanced Maltose Fermentative...Foods | Free Full-Text | A 2-Deoxyglucose-Resistant Mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Shows Enhanced Maltose Fermentative...
Sequence Similarity - 1OFN: Purification, crystallisation and preliminary structural studies of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy...Sequence Similarity - 1OFN: Purification, crystallisation and preliminary structural studies of dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxy...
Radiotherapy Planning Based on Positron Emission Tomography With Fluoro-deoxyglucose For Advanced NSCLCRadiotherapy Planning Based on Positron Emission Tomography With Fluoro-deoxyglucose For Advanced NSCLC
Abstract C156: PKM2 activation sensitizes cancer cells to growth inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose. | Molecular Cancer TherapeuticsAbstract C156: PKM2 activation sensitizes cancer cells to growth inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose. | Molecular Cancer Therapeutics
Mutations That Confer Resistance to 2-Deoxyglucose Reduce the Specific Activity of Hexokinase from Myxococcus xanthus | Journal...Mutations That Confer Resistance to 2-Deoxyglucose Reduce the Specific Activity of Hexokinase from Myxococcus xanthus | Journal...
Increased uptake and phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose by skeletal muscles in endotoxin-treated rats | Endocrinology and...Increased uptake and phosphorylation of 2-deoxyglucose by skeletal muscles in endotoxin-treated rats | Endocrinology and...
2-Deoxyglucose Fluorometric Assay Kit Kit-0004 - Creative BioMart2-Deoxyglucose Fluorometric Assay Kit Kit-0004 - Creative BioMart
2-amino-2-deoxyglucose sulfate | definition of 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose sulfate by Medical dictionary2-amino-2-deoxyglucose sulfate | definition of 2-amino-2-deoxyglucose sulfate by Medical dictionary
Selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular...Selective uptake of [14C]2-deoxyglucose by neurons and astrocytes: high-resolution microautoradiographic imaging by cellular...
A nonradioisotope, enzymatic assay for 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells cultured in a 96-well microplate. |...A nonradioisotope, enzymatic assay for 2-deoxyglucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells cultured in a 96-well microplate. |...
Legionella pneumophila Is Directly Sensitive to 2-Deoxyglucose-Phosphate via Its UhpC Transporter but Is Indifferent to Shifts...Legionella pneumophila Is Directly Sensitive to 2-Deoxyglucose-Phosphate via Its UhpC Transporter but Is Indifferent to Shifts...
Glycolytic inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose reduces hyperglycemia-associated mortality and morbidity in the ischemic rat. | StrokeGlycolytic inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose reduces hyperglycemia-associated mortality and morbidity in the ischemic rat. | Stroke
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Enzymatic Conversion of Glucose to UDP-4-Keto-6-Deoxyglucose in Streptomyces spp | Applied and Environmental MicrobiologyEnzymatic Conversion of Glucose to UDP-4-Keto-6-Deoxyglucose in Streptomyces spp | Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Dual Inhibition of Tumor Energy Pathway by 2-Deoxyglucose and Metformin Is Effective against a Broad Spectrum of Preclinical...Dual Inhibition of Tumor Energy Pathway by 2-Deoxyglucose and Metformin Is Effective against a Broad Spectrum of Preclinical...
Early assessment with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict short-term...Early assessment with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict short-term...
The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in...The [14C]deoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization: theory, procedure, and normal values in...
AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and Processes
DeoxyglucoseDeoxy SugarsGlucoseHexosesAntimetabolitesMethylglucosidesMonosaccharide Transport ProteinsAutoradiographyFluorodeoxyglucose F18Glycolysis3-O-MethylglucoseBiological TransportHexokinaseCarbon RadioisotopesInsulinGlucose-6-PhosphateGlucosephosphatesGlucose Transporter Type 1Glucose Transporter Type 4Glucose Transporter Type 3Tomography, Emission-ComputedBiological Transport, ActiveFluorine RadioisotopesKineticsCytochalasin BBrainRadiopharmaceuticalsAdenosine TriphosphateMannoseTolazamideMethylglycosidesInsulin AntagonistsGlycogenGlucosaminePhosphoenolpyruvate Sugar Phosphotransferase SystemReceptor, InsulinMuscle, SkeletalSodium AzidePhloretin4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazanRats, Inbred StrainsPositron-Emission TomographyFructoseMuscle ProteinsGlucokinaseGalactoseMethylgalactosidesIodoacetatesAntimycin AEnergy MetabolismThiogalactosidesLactatesAdipocytesThioglycosidesMannoheptuloseRats, Sprague-DawleyHexosephosphatesTritiumBlood GlucoseCells, CulturedPhlorhizinAdipose TissuePhosphorylationDinitrophenolsCyanidesGlucose Transport Proteins, FacilitativeLactic AcidMyocardiumCarbohydrate MetabolismCell MembraneRats, WistarSalicylamidesCell LineOligomycinsAminoimidazole CarboxamideIodoacetic AcidUncoupling Agents
Glucose utilizationPositronInhibitorInhibition by 2-deoxyglucoseGlycolysisHexokinasePhosphorylationTumor cellsEnzymeAnalogueVitroAutoradiographicAbstractGrowth inhibitionAccumulationSaccharomycesIntracellularAutoradiographyCellsBrainEmissionAssayInhibitsInhibitoryUtilizationTherapeuticEffectsYeastCancerDetection
Glucose utilization1
  • This benchmark article described for the first time the theory and procedure of the quantitative autoradiographic [14C] deoxyglucose method for the quantitative determination of local glucose utilization in the nervous system and the values obtained with it in normal and anesthetized rats. (nih.gov)
Positron8
  • Recently, positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose (FDG) has been suggested as a promising novel imaging technique to identify the inflammatory state of atherosclerotic plaque. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Early assessment with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography to predict short-term outcome in clear cell renal carcinoma treated with nivolumab. (urotoday.com)
  • We reported previously the usefulness of 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) to predict prognosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with molecular targeted agents. (urotoday.com)
  • MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six lesions identified on noncontrast MR in 35 patients with biopsy-proved intracranial tumors were imaged with both T1-weighted Cd-DTPA MR at 1.5 T and [ 18 F]2-fiuoro-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). (elsevier.com)
  • 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography ( $^{18}F$ -FDG PET/CT) scans are commonly used for the staging and restaging of various malignancies, such as head and neck, breast, colorectal and gynecological cancers. (koreascience.or.kr)
  • Metabolic imaging of untreated prostate cancer by positron emission tomography with 18fluorine-labeled deoxyglucose. (koreascience.or.kr)
  • 18 F-FDG (fluorine-18 deoxyglucose) has become widely used as a radiolabeled marker for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of solid tumors. (springer.com)
  • The coupling between synaptic activity and glucose utilization (neurometabolic coupling) is a central physiological principle of brain function that has provided the basis for 2-deoxyglucose-based functional imaging with positron emission tomography (PET). (biologists.org)
Inhibitor8
  • Here, we discuss the evidence for one glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and one metabolic substrate, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) exerting direct effects on neuronal excitability, highlight their mechanistic differences, and provide the strengthening scientific rationale for their individual or possibly combined use in the clinical arena of seizure management. (frontiersin.org)
  • 2-Deoxyglucose (2DG), an inhibitor of glycolysis, abrogates seizure activity and retards epilepsy progression both in vitro and in vivo . (frontiersin.org)
  • Previous studies demonstrated that a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), blocks replication of L. pneumophila during infection of macrophages, leading to speculation that L. pneumophila may exploit macrophage glycolysis. (asm.org)
  • Because 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) is a competitive inhibitor of glycolysis we tested its ability to reduce hyperglycemia-exacerbated ischemic brain damage. (ahajournals.org)
  • This study investigated the preclinical efficacy of targeting the tumor bioenergetic pathway using a glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) and AMPK agonists, AICAR and metformin. (aacrjournals.org)
  • 2-Deoxyglucose (2-DG), a glycolytic inhibitor analog of glucose, is widely investigated in experimental and clinical oncology for targeting glucose metabolism. (aacrjournals.org)
  • Our lead compound, developed at the National Institute on Aging, was 2-deoxyglucose, an analogue of the native sugar, that acted as a glycolytic inhibitor, having limited metabolism and actually reducing overall energy flow--analogous to CR. (isharonline.org)
  • Previously, we reported that under normal O 2 conditions (21% O 2 ), the dual glucose metabolism inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) activates a cytoprotective autophagic response in cancer cells mainly through the induction of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress rather than ATP 2 reduction. (elsevier.com)
Inhibition by 2-deoxyglucose3
Glycolysis2
Hexokinase2
  • Expression of the Escherichia coli glk (glucokinase) gene in M. xanthus hex mutants restores 2dGlc sensitivity, suggesting that these mutants arise upon the loss of a soluble hexokinase function that phosphorylates 2dGlc to form the toxic intermediate, 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate. (asm.org)
  • 2-Deoxyglucose (2DG) was detected by measuring a potent fluorophore, resorufin, generated after incubation with a single assay solution containing hexokinase, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, beta-nicotineamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, diaphorase, and resazurin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Phosphorylation1
Tumor cells1
Enzyme4
  • In enzymology, a 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.68) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } 2-deoxy-D-glucose + phosphate Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are 2-deoxy-D-glucose 6-phosphate and H2O, whereas its two products are 2-deoxy-D-glucose and phosphate. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme is also called 2-deoxyglucose-6-phosphate phosphatase. (wikipedia.org)
  • In enzymology, a dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxyglucose reductase (EC 1.1.1.266) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction dTDP-D-fucose + NADP+ ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are dTDP-D-fucose and NADP+, whereas its 3 products are dTDP-4-dehydro-6-deoxy-D-glucose, NADPH, and H+. (wikipedia.org)
  • This enzyme is also called dTDP-4-keto-6-deoxyglucose reductase. (wikipedia.org)
Analogue2
  • We performed an extended lab-directed evolution of Z. mobilis strain 8b in the presence of acetate and a non-hydrolyzable glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells of strains each carrying a deletion of one of the genes snf5, ypa1, pho7 and pas1 and of a strain overexpress-ing gene odr1, have been previously shown to grow in presence of the toxic glucose analogue 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). (exeley.com)
Vitro2
Autoradiographic1
  • This benchmark article described for the first time the theory and procedure of the quantitative autoradiographic [14C] deoxyglucose method for the quantitative determination of local glucose utilization in the nervous system and the values obtained with it in normal and anesthetized rats. (nih.gov)
Abstract2
  • abstract = "Radiolabeled deoxyglucose (FDG) has been advocated as a marker of viability of reperfused myocardium during acute infarction. (elsevier.com)
  • abstract = "Neuronal activity underlying various phases of the mammalian hibernation cycle was investigated using the 14C-2-deoxyglucose (2DG) method. (elsevier.com)
Growth inhibition1
  • 1971. Effect of 2-deoxyglucose on cell wall formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its relation to cell growth inhibition. (exeley.com)
Accumulation1
  • The accumulation of phosphorylated 2-deoxyglucose (2DGP) was increased in skeletal muscles by 56-102% and in diaphragm by 236% at 3 h after treatment with 100 micrograms/100 g endotoxin. (physiology.org)
Saccharomyces1
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae MCD4 is a 2-deoxyglucose (2-DOG)-resistant mutant derived from the wild-type strain, AK46, wherein the 2-DOG resistance improves the maltose fermentative ability. (mdpi.com)
Intracellular1
  • 1. We have studied the effects of the metabolic inhibitors cyanide (CN) and deoxyglucose (DG) on the intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in macrovascular endothelial cells derived from human umbilical vein (EA cells). (kuleuven.be)
Autoradiography1
  • 14C]2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) autoradiography was combined with T2* OC to determine metabolic status of T2*-defined penumbra. (gla.ac.uk)
Cells2
  • Treatment of cells of all ages with inhibitors of ATP synthesis (oligomycin, 2,4-dinitrophenol, or 2-deoxyglucose) made them more susceptible to cell death but also led to a switch in the death mode from apoptosis to necrosis. (pnas.org)
  • Cultures of Chinese Hamster Cells (CCL 16, Don Strain) were treated with 2-Deoxyglucose over varying lengths of time in order to compare the mitotic index with the rate of adenosine triphosphate synthesis. (uni.edu)
Brain1
  • Deoxyglucose mapping of nervous activity induced in Drosophila brain by visual movement. (mpg.de)
Emission1
  • A near-infrared fluorophore, IRDye 800CW, emission maximum 794 nm, was conjugated to 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG). (unl.edu)
Assay2
Inhibits1
Inhibitory1
  • Through adaptation in the presence of 2-deoxyglucose, we have generated Zymomonas mobilis strain #7, which is better suited to utilizing xylose in pretreated corn stover (PCS) fermentations in the presence of both glucose and model inhibitory compounds of acetate and furfural. (biomedcentral.com)
Utilization1
Therapeutic1
Effects2
Yeast1
  • Lysis of yeast cell walls induced by 2-deoxyglucose at their sites of glucan synthesis. (exeley.com)
Cancer1
  • Introduction: This study proposes the use 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) with the PKM2 activator, TEPP46 as a novel drug combination for cancer chemotherapy. (aacrjournals.org)
Detection1
  • These observations do not support a role for the use of radiolabeled deoxyglucose for the detection of myocardial viability in recently infarcted cardiac muscle. (elsevier.com)
Evaluation and Comparison of Various Strategies for Estimating Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rate from Brain Images in...
Evaluation and Comparison of Various Strategies for Estimating Local Cerebral Glucose Metabolic Rate from Brain Images in... (link.springer.com)
Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes: Novel Methodology and New Insight | Diabetes
Mitochondrial Function in Diabetes: Novel Methodology and New Insight | Diabetes (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
HSP72 Is a Mitochondrial Stress Sensor Critical for Parkin Action, Oxidative Metabolism, and Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal...
HSP72 Is a Mitochondrial Stress Sensor Critical for Parkin Action, Oxidative Metabolism, and Insulin Sensitivity in Skeletal... (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Age-dependent cell death and the role of ATP in hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and necrosis | PNAS
Age-dependent cell death and the role of ATP in hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis and necrosis | PNAS (pnas.org)
Nitrendipine improves glucose tolerance and deoxyglucose uptake in hypertensive rats. | Hypertension
Nitrendipine improves glucose tolerance and deoxyglucose uptake in hypertensive rats. | Hypertension (hyper.ahajournals.org)
February 1996 - Volume 21 - Issue 2 : Clinical Nuclear Medicine
February 1996 - Volume 21 - Issue 2 : Clinical Nuclear Medicine (journals.lww.com)
Entinostat in Combination With Aldesleukin in Treating Patients With Metastatic Kidney Cancer - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials...
Entinostat in Combination With Aldesleukin in Treating Patients With Metastatic Kidney Cancer - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials... (clinicaltrials.gov)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism | SpringerLink
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Metabolism | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
P-Cresyl Sulfate Promotes Insulin Resistance Associated with CKD | American Society of Nephrology
P-Cresyl Sulfate Promotes Insulin Resistance Associated with CKD | American Society of Nephrology (jasn.asnjournals.org)
IL-4/STAT6 immune axis regulates peripheral nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity | PNAS
IL-4/STAT6 immune axis regulates peripheral nutrient metabolism and insulin sensitivity | PNAS (pnas.org)
Consensus document for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: a joint paper by the EANM, EBJIS, and ESR (with ESCMID...
Consensus document for the diagnosis of prosthetic joint infections: a joint paper by the EANM, EBJIS, and ESR (with ESCMID... (link.springer.com)
Development of hemodynamic responses and functional connectivity in rat somatosensory cortex | Nature Neuroscience
Development of hemodynamic responses and functional connectivity in rat somatosensory cortex | Nature Neuroscience (nature.com)
PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurotoxicity | SpringerLink
PET and SPECT Imaging of Neurotoxicity | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Altered Visual Experience Induces Instructive Changes of Orientation Preference in Mouse Visual Cortex | Journal of Neuroscience
Altered Visual Experience Induces Instructive Changes of Orientation Preference in Mouse Visual Cortex | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Obesity Reduces mTORC1 Activity in Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells, Driving Defective Metabolic and Functional Responses |...
Obesity Reduces mTORC1 Activity in Mucosal-Associated Invariant T Cells, Driving Defective Metabolic and Functional Responses |... (jimmunol.org)
XBP-1 Couples Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Augmented IFN-β Induction via a cis-Acting Enhancer in Macrophages | The Journal...
XBP-1 Couples Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Augmented IFN-β Induction via a cis-Acting Enhancer in Macrophages | The Journal... (jimmunol.org)
Lactic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mast Cell Function by Limiting Glycolysis and ATP Availability | The Journal of...
Lactic Acid Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mast Cell Function by Limiting Glycolysis and ATP Availability | The Journal of... (jimmunol.org)
HIF-1α Is an Essential Mediator of IFN-γ-Dependent Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis | The Journal of Immunology
HIF-1α Is an Essential Mediator of IFN-γ-Dependent Immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis | The Journal of Immunology (jimmunol.org)
Interleukin-6 Increases Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Humans and Glucose Uptake and Fatty Acid Oxidation In Vitro via...
Interleukin-6 Increases Insulin-Stimulated Glucose Disposal in Humans and Glucose Uptake and Fatty Acid Oxidation In Vitro via... (diabetes.diabetesjournals.org)
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Integrates Diverse Inputs To Guide the Outcome of Antigen Recognition in T Cells | The Journal of...
Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Integrates Diverse Inputs To Guide the Outcome of Antigen Recognition in T Cells | The Journal of... (jimmunol.org)
Neuron-glia metabolic coupling and plasticity | Journal of Experimental Biology
Neuron-glia metabolic coupling and plasticity | Journal of Experimental Biology (jeb.biologists.org)
Sirt1 carboxyl-domain is an ATP-repressible domain that is transferrable to other proteins | Nature Communications
Sirt1 carboxyl-domain is an ATP-repressible domain that is transferrable to other proteins | Nature Communications (nature.com)
Invasive mucormycosis during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-successful management of two life-threatening diseases...
Invasive mucormycosis during treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia-successful management of two life-threatening diseases... (link.springer.com)
Frontiers | Targeting Tumor Metabolism: A New Challenge to Improve Immunotherapy | Immunology
Frontiers | Targeting Tumor Metabolism: A New Challenge to Improve Immunotherapy | Immunology (frontiersin.org)
Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs Synergize with 2-Deoxyglucose to Trigger Breast Cancer Cell Death | Cancer Research
Mitochondria-Targeted Drugs Synergize with 2-Deoxyglucose to Trigger Breast Cancer Cell Death | Cancer Research (cancerres.aacrjournals.org)
Biomedical Imaging: Principles and Applications | Biomedical Imaging | General & Introductory Biomedical Engineering | Subjects...
Biomedical Imaging: Principles and Applications | Biomedical Imaging | General & Introductory Biomedical Engineering | Subjects... (wiley.com)