Dentate gyrus. Medical search

GRAY MATTER situated above the GYRUS HIPPOCAMPI. It is composed of three layers. The molecular layer is continuous with the HIPPOCAMPUS in the hippocampal fissure. The granular layer consists of closely arranged spherical or oval neurons, called GRANULE CELLS, whose AXONS pass through the polymorphic layer ending on the DENDRITES of PYRAMIDAL CELLS in the hippocampus.

A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.

A pathway of fibers that originates in the lateral part of the ENTORHINAL CORTEX, perforates the SUBICULUM of the HIPPOCAMPUS, and runs into the stratum moleculare of the hippocampus, where these fibers synapse with others that go to the DENTATE GYRUS where the pathway terminates. It is also known as the perforating fasciculus.

Formation of NEURONS which involves the differentiation and division of STEM CELLS in which one or both of the daughter cells become neurons.

Axons of certain cells in the DENTATE GYRUS. They project to the polymorphic layer of the dentate gyrus and to the proximal dendrites of PYRAMIDAL CELLS of the HIPPOCAMPUS. These mossy fibers should not be confused with mossy fibers that are cerebellar afferents (see NERVE FIBERS).

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A subsection of the hippocampus, described by Lorente de No, that is located between the HIPPOCAMPUS CA2 FIELD and the DENTATE GYRUS.

A convolution on the inferior surface of each cerebral hemisphere, lying between the hippocampal and collateral sulci.

A slowly hydrolyzed muscarinic agonist with no nicotinic effects. Pilocarpine is used as a miotic and in the treatment of glaucoma.

A nucleoside that substitutes for thymidine in DNA and thus acts as an antimetabolite. It causes breaks in chromosomes and has been proposed as an antiviral and antineoplastic agent. It has been given orphan drug status for use in the treatment of primary brain tumors.

Cerebral cortex region on the medial aspect of the PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS, immediately caudal to the OLFACTORY CORTEX of the uncus. The entorhinal cortex is the origin of the major neural fiber system afferent to the HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION, the so-called PERFORANT PATHWAY.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A persistent increase in synaptic efficacy, usually induced by appropriate activation of the same synapses. The phenomenological properties of long-term potentiation suggest that it may be a cellular mechanism of learning and memory.

The capacity of the NERVOUS SYSTEM to change its reactivity as the result of successive activations.

A prolonged seizure or seizures repeated frequently enough to prevent recovery between episodes occurring over a period of 20-30 minutes. The most common subtype is generalized tonic-clonic status epilepticus, a potentially fatal condition associated with neuronal injury and respiratory and metabolic dysfunction. Nonconvulsive forms include petit mal status and complex partial status, which may manifest as behavioral disturbances. Simple partial status epilepticus consists of persistent motor, sensory, or autonomic seizures that do not impair cognition (see also EPILEPSIA PARTIALIS CONTINUA). Subclinical status epilepticus generally refers to seizures occurring in an unresponsive or comatose individual in the absence of overt signs of seizure activity. (From N Engl J Med 1998 Apr 2;338(14):970-6; Neurologia 1997 Dec;12 Suppl 6:25-30)

A localization-related (focal) form of epilepsy characterized by recurrent seizures that arise from foci within the temporal lobe, most commonly from its mesial aspect. A wide variety of psychic phenomena may be associated, including illusions, hallucinations, dyscognitive states, and affective experiences. The majority of complex partial seizures (see EPILEPSY, COMPLEX PARTIAL) originate from the temporal lobes. Temporal lobe seizures may be classified by etiology as cryptogenic, familial, or symptomatic (i.e., related to an identified disease process or lesion). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p321)

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

(2S-(2 alpha,3 beta,4 beta))-2-Carboxy-4-(1-methylethenyl)-3-pyrrolidineacetic acid. Ascaricide obtained from the red alga Digenea simplex. It is a potent excitatory amino acid agonist at some types of excitatory amino acid receptors and has been used to discriminate among receptor types. Like many excitatory amino acid agonists it can cause neurotoxicity and has been used experimentally for that purpose.

Specialized junctions at which a neuron communicates with a target cell. At classical synapses, a neuron's presynaptic terminal releases a chemical transmitter stored in synaptic vesicles which diffuses across a narrow synaptic cleft and activates receptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the target cell. The target may be a dendrite, cell body, or axon of another neuron, or a specialized region of a muscle or secretory cell. Neurons may also communicate via direct electrical coupling with ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES. Several other non-synaptic chemical or electric signal transmitting processes occur via extracellular mediated interactions.

Clinical or subclinical disturbances of cortical function due to a sudden, abnormal, excessive, and disorganized discharge of brain cells. Clinical manifestations include abnormal motor, sensory and psychic phenomena. Recurrent seizures are usually referred to as EPILEPSY or "seizure disorder."

Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransmission. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can singly or in summation reach the trigger threshold for ACTION POTENTIALS.

Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.

Imaging techniques used to colocalize sites of brain functions or physiological activity with brain structures.

The number of CELLS of a specific kind, usually measured per unit volume or area of sample.

Learning the correct route through a maze to obtain reinforcement. It is used for human or animal populations. (Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 6th ed)

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA.

Most generally any NEURONS which are not motor or sensory. Interneurons may also refer to neurons whose AXONS remain within a particular brain region in contrast to projection neurons, which have axons projecting to other brain regions.

The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.

The repeated weak excitation of brain structures, that progressively increases sensitivity to the same stimulation. Over time, this can lower the threshold required to trigger seizures.

Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.

Neural tracts connecting one part of the nervous system with another.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Lower lateral part of the cerebral hemisphere responsible for auditory, olfactory, and semantic processing. It is located inferior to the lateral fissure and anterior to the OCCIPITAL LOBE.

Reactions of an individual or groups of individuals with relation to the immediate surrounding area including the animate or inanimate objects within that area.

A calbindin protein found in many mammalian tissues, including the UTERUS, PLACENTA, BONE, PITUITARY GLAND, and KIDNEYS. In intestinal ENTEROCYTES it mediates intracellular calcium transport from apical to basolateral membranes via calcium binding at two EF-HAND MOTIFS. Expression is regulated in some tissues by VITAMIN D.

The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.

Refers to animals in the period of time just after birth.

A meshlike structure composed of interconnecting nerve cells that are separated at the synaptic junction or joined to one another by cytoplasmic processes. In invertebrates, for example, the nerve net allows nerve impulses to spread over a wide area of the net because synapses can pass information in any direction.

Calcium-binding proteins that are found in DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULES, INTESTINES, BRAIN, and other tissues where they bind, buffer and transport cytoplasmic calcium. Calbindins possess a variable number of EF-HAND MOTIFS which contain calcium-binding sites. Some isoforms are regulated by VITAMIN D.

The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.

A class of ionotropic glutamate receptors characterized by affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate. NMDA receptors have an allosteric binding site for glycine which must be occupied for the channel to open efficiently and a site within the channel itself to which magnesium ions bind in a voltage-dependent manner. The positive voltage dependence of channel conductance and the high permeability of the conducting channel to calcium ions (as well as to monovalent cations) are important in excitotoxicity and neuronal plasticity.

A member of the nerve growth factor family of trophic factors. In the brain BDNF has a trophic action on retinal, cholinergic, and dopaminergic neurons, and in the peripheral nervous system it acts on both motor and sensory neurons. (From Kendrew, The Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994)

One of four subsections of the hippocampus described by Lorente de No, located furthest from the DENTATE GYRUS.

Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.

The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.

A disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of paroxysmal brain dysfunction due to a sudden, disorderly, and excessive neuronal discharge. Epilepsy classification systems are generally based upon: (1) clinical features of the seizure episodes (e.g., motor seizure), (2) etiology (e.g., post-traumatic), (3) anatomic site of seizure origin (e.g., frontal lobe seizure), (4) tendency to spread to other structures in the brain, and (5) temporal patterns (e.g., nocturnal epilepsy). (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p313)

The observable response an animal makes to any situation.

Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. Each receptor is assembled as a pentamer from a pool of at least 19 different possible subunits. The receptors belong to a superfamily that share a common CYSTEINE loop.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

A technique of inputting two-dimensional images into a computer and then enhancing or analyzing the imagery into a form that is more useful to the human observer.

The tendency to explore or investigate a novel environment. It is considered a motivation not clearly distinguishable from curiosity.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Projection neurons in the CEREBRAL CORTEX and the HIPPOCAMPUS. Pyramidal cells have a pyramid-shaped soma with the apex and an apical dendrite pointed toward the pial surface and other dendrites and an axon emerging from the base. The axons may have local collaterals but also project outside their cortical region.

Low molecular weight, calcium binding muscle proteins. Their physiological function is possibly related to the contractile process.

The first highly specific serotonin uptake inhibitor. It is used as an antidepressant and often has a more acceptable side-effects profile than traditional antidepressants.

An intermediate filament protein found only in glial cells or cells of glial origin. MW 51,000.

Cells with high proliferative and self renewal capacities derived from adults.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Extensions of the nerve cell body. They are short and branched and receive stimuli from other NEURONS.

An adrenocortical steroid that has modest but significant activities as a mineralocorticoid and a glucocorticoid. (From Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p1437)

A set of forebrain structures common to all mammals that is defined functionally and anatomically. It is implicated in the higher integration of visceral, olfactory, and somatic information as well as homeostatic responses including fundamental survival behaviors (feeding, mating, emotion). For most authors, it includes the AMYGDALA; EPITHALAMUS; GYRUS CINGULI; hippocampal formation (see HIPPOCAMPUS); HYPOTHALAMUS; PARAHIPPOCAMPAL GYRUS; SEPTAL NUCLEI; anterior nuclear group of thalamus, and portions of the basal ganglia. (Parent, Carpenter's Human Neuroanatomy, 9th ed, p744; NeuroNames, http://rprcsgi.rprc.washington.edu/neuronames/index.html (September 2, 1998)).

Drugs that bind to and activate excitatory amino acid receptors.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate GABA RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and GABA RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

A type VI intermediate filament protein expressed mostly in nerve cells where it is associated with the survival, renewal and mitogen-stimulated proliferation of neural progenitor cells.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

Loss of functional activity and trophic degeneration of nerve axons and their terminal arborizations following the destruction of their cells of origin or interruption of their continuity with these cells. The pathology is characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases. Often the process of nerve degeneration is studied in research on neuroanatomical localization and correlation of the neurophysiology of neural pathways.

A hydro-lyase that catalyzes the dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to form PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE. Several different isoforms of this enzyme exist, each with its own tissue specificity.

Drugs that are chemically similar to naturally occurring metabolites, but differ enough to interfere with normal metabolic pathways. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p2033)

Drugs that bind to but do not activate excitatory amino acid receptors, thereby blocking the actions of agonists.

The study of the generation and behavior of electrical charges in living organisms particularly the nervous system and the effects of electricity on living organisms.

Peptides released by NEURONS as intercellular messengers. Many neuropeptides are also hormones released by non-neuronal cells.

The part of the cerebral hemisphere anterior to the central sulcus, and anterior and superior to the lateral sulcus.

Cavity in each of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES derived from the cavity of the embryonic NEURAL TUBE. They are separated from each other by the SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM, and each communicates with the THIRD VENTRICLE by the foramen of Monro, through which also the choroid plexuses (CHOROID PLEXUS) of the lateral ventricles become continuous with that of the third ventricle.

Abrupt changes in the membrane potential that sweep along the CELL MEMBRANE of excitable cells in response to excitation stimuli.

A calbindin protein that is differentially expressed in distinct populations of NEURONS throughout the vertebrate and invertebrate NERVOUS SYSTEM, and modulates intrinsic neuronal excitability and influences LONG-TERM POTENTIATION. It is also found in LUNG, TESTIS, OVARY, KIDNEY, and BREAST, and is expressed in many tumor types found in these tissues. It is often used as an immunohistochemical marker for MESOTHELIOMA.

Organic compounds composed of tin and three methyl groups. Affect mitochondrial metabolism and inhibit oxidative phosphorylation by acting directly on the energy conserving processes.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

The non-neuronal cells of the nervous system. They not only provide physical support, but also respond to injury, regulate the ionic and chemical composition of the extracellular milieu, participate in the BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER and BLOOD-RETINAL BARRIER, form the myelin insulation of nervous pathways, guide neuronal migration during development, and exchange metabolites with neurons. Neuroglia have high-affinity transmitter uptake systems, voltage-dependent and transmitter-gated ion channels, and can release transmitters, but their role in signaling (as in many other functions) is unclear.

A class of opioid peptides including dynorphin A, dynorphin B, and smaller fragments of these peptides. Dynorphins prefer kappa-opioid receptors (RECEPTORS, OPIOID, KAPPA) and have been shown to play a role as central nervous system transmitters.

Acute and chronic (see also BRAIN INJURIES, CHRONIC) injuries to the brain, including the cerebral hemispheres, CEREBELLUM, and BRAIN STEM. Clinical manifestations depend on the nature of injury. Diffuse trauma to the brain is frequently associated with DIFFUSE AXONAL INJURY or COMA, POST-TRAUMATIC. Localized injuries may be associated with NEUROBEHAVIORAL MANIFESTATIONS; HEMIPARESIS, or other focal neurologic deficits.

The making of a radiograph of an object or tissue by recording on a photographic plate the radiation emitted by radioactive material within the object. (Dorland, 27th ed)

The D-enantiomer is a potent and specific antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE). The L form is inactive at NMDA receptors but may affect the AP4 (2-amino-4-phosphonobutyrate; APB) excitatory amino acid receptors.

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

An isoquinoline alkaloid obtained from Dicentra cucullaria and other plants. It is a competitive antagonist for GABA-A receptors.

Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.

A technique for maintenance or growth of animal organs in vitro. It refers to three-dimensional cultures of undisaggregated tissue retaining some or all of the histological features of the tissue in vivo. (Freshney, Culture of Animal Cells, 3d ed, p1)

Spiny processes on DENDRITES, each of which receives excitatory input from one nerve ending (NERVE ENDINGS). They are commonly found on PURKINJE CELLS and PYRAMIDAL CELLS.

Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.

The analysis of a critical number of sensory stimuli or facts (the pattern) by physiological processes such as vision (PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL), touch, or hearing.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of neuronal cell adhesion molecules that is required for proper nervous system development. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 consists of six Ig domains, five fibronectin domains, a transmembrane region and an intracellular domain. Two splicing variants are known: a neuronal form that contains a four-amino acid RSLE sequence in the cytoplasmic domain, and a non-neuronal form that lacks the RSLE sequence. Mutations in the L1 gene result in L1 disease. Neural cell adhesion molecule L1 is predominantly expressed during development in neurons and Schwann cells; involved in cell adhesion, neuronal migration, axonal growth and pathfinding, and myelination.

Compounds based on benzeneacetamide, that are similar in structure to ACETANILIDES.

An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.

A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

A pathological process consisting of hardening or fibrosis of an anatomical structure, often a vessel or a nerve.

The awareness of the spatial properties of objects; includes physical space.

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

The affective response to an actual current external danger which subsides with the elimination of the threatening condition.

A subfamily of the Muridae consisting of several genera including Gerbillus, Rhombomys, Tatera, Meriones, and Psammomys.

NMDA-dependent currents in granule cells of the dentate gyrus contribute to induction but not permanence of kindling. (1/1453)

Single-electrode voltage-clamp techniques and bath application of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV) were used to study the time course of seizure-induced alterations in NMDA-dependent synaptic currents in granule cells of the dentate gyrus in hippocampal slices from kindled and normal rats. In agreement with previous studies, granule cells from kindled rats examined within 1 wk after the last of 3 or 30-35 generalized tonic-clonic (class V) seizures demonstrated an increase in the NMDA receptor-dependent component of the perforant path-evoked synaptic current. Within 1 wk of the last kindled seizure, NMDA-dependent charge transfer underlying the perforant path-evoked current was increased by 63-111% at a holding potential of -30 mV. In contrast, the NMDA-dependent component of the perforant-evoked current in granule cells examined at 2.5-3 mo after the last of 3 or 90-120 class V seizures did not differ from age-matched controls. Because the seizure-induced increases in NMDA-dependent synaptic currents declined toward control values during a time course of 2.5-3 mo, increases in NMDA-dependent synaptic transmission cannot account for the permanent susceptibility to evoked and spontaneous seizures induced by kindling. The increase in NMDA receptor-dependent transmission was associated with the induction of kindling but was not responsible for the maintenance of the kindled state. The time course of alterations in NMDA-dependent synaptic current and the dependence of the progression of kindling and kindling-induced mossy fiber sprouting on repeated NMDA receptor activation are consistent with the possibility that the NMDA receptor is part of a transmembrane signaling pathway that induces long-term cellular alterations and circuit remodeling in response to repeated seizures, but is not required for permanent seizure susceptibility in circuitry altered by kindling. (+info)

In vivo intracellular analysis of granule cell axon reorganization in epileptic rats. (2/1453)

In vivo intracellular recording and labeling in kainate-induced epileptic rats was used to address questions about granule cell axon reorganization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Individually labeled granule cells were reconstructed three dimensionally and in their entirety. Compared with controls, granule cells in epileptic rats had longer average axon length per cell; the difference was significant in all strata of the dentate gyrus including the hilus. In epileptic rats, at least one-third of the granule cells extended an aberrant axon collateral into the molecular layer. Axon projections into the molecular layer had an average summed length of 1 mm per cell and spanned 600 microm of the septotemporal axis of the hippocampus-a distance within the normal span of granule cell axon collaterals. These findings in vivo confirm results from previous in vitro studies. Surprisingly, 12% of the granule cells in epileptic rats, and none in controls, extended a basal dendrite into the hilus, providing another route for recurrent excitation. Consistent with recurrent excitation, many granule cells (56%) in epileptic rats displayed a long-latency depolarization superimposed on a normal inhibitory postsynaptic potential. These findings demonstrate changes, occurring at the single-cell level after an epileptogenic hippocampal injury, that could result in novel, local, recurrent circuits. (+info)

Postnatal development of hippocampal dentate granule cell gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor pharmacological properties. (3/1453)

Postnatal development of hippocampal dentate granule cell gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor pharmacological properties was studied. Granule cells were acutely isolated from hippocampi of 7- to 14- and 45- to 52-day-old rats, and whole cell patch-clamp recordings were obtained. The sensitivity of GABAA receptors to GABA and modulation of GABAA receptor currents by benzodiazepines (BZ), zinc, furosemide, and loreclezole was studied. Multiple changes in the pharmacological properties of dentate granule-cell GABAA receptors occurred during the first 52 days of postnatal development: GABA-evoked maximal current increased with postnatal age; GABAA receptors changed from BZ type 3 in young rats to BZ type 1 in adult rats; furosemide and zinc inhibited GABAA receptor currents in young rats but not in adult rats; the fraction of cells that expressed loreclezole-sensitive GABAA receptors increased with postnatal age. These findings suggest that dentate granule cells in young and adult animals express pharmacologically distinct GABAA receptors and that the postnatal development of these receptors is prolonged, lasting at least 45 days. Comparison with the previously reported pharmacological properties of GABAA receptors on dentate granule cells acutely isolated from hippocampi of 28- to 35-day-old rats suggests that receptors expressed at that age have properties intermediate between young and adult rats. (+info)

Overexpression of a Shaker-type potassium channel in mammalian central nervous system dysregulates native potassium channel gene expression. (4/1453)

The nervous system maintains a delicate balance between excitation and inhibition, partly through the complex interplay between voltage-gated sodium and potassium ion channels. Because K+ channel blockade or gene deletion causes hyperexcitability, it is generally assumed that increases in K+ channel gene expression should reduce neuronal network excitability. We have tested this hypothesis by creating a transgenic mouse that expresses a Shaker-type K+ channel gene. Paradoxically, we find that addition of the extra K+ channel gene results in a hyperexcitable rather than a hypoexcitable phenotype. The presence of the transgene leads to a complex deregulation of endogenous Shaker genes in the adult central nervous system as well as an increase in network excitability that includes spontaneous cortical spike and wave discharges and a lower threshold for epileptiform bursting in isolated hippocampal slices. These data suggest that an increase in K+ channel gene dosage leads to dysregulation of normal K+ channel gene expression, and it may underlie a mechanism contributing to the pathogenesis of human aneuploidies such as Down syndrome. (+info)

Modification of postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia: a quantitative and three-dimensional ultrastructural study. (5/1453)

Abnormal synaptic transmission has been hypothesized to be a cause of neuronal death resulting from transient ischemia, although the mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we present evidence that synapses are markedly modified in the hippocampus after transient cerebral ischemia. Using both conventional and high-voltage electron microscopy, we performed two- and three-dimensional analyses of synapses selectively stained with ethanolic phosphotungstic acid in the hippocampus of rats subjected to 15 min of ischemia followed by various periods of reperfusion. Postsynaptic densities (PSDs) from both area CA1 and the dentate gyrus were thicker and fluffier in postischemic hippocampus than in controls. Three-dimensional reconstructions of selectively stained PSDs created using electron tomography indicated that postsynaptic densities became more irregular and loosely configured in postischemic brains compared with those in controls. A quantitative study based on thin sections of the time course of PSD modification indicated that the increase in thickness was both greater and more long-lived in area CA1 than in dentate gyrus. Whereas the magnitude of morphological change in dentate gyrus peaked at 4 hr of reperfusion (140% of control values) and declined thereafter, changes in area CA1 persisted and increased at 24 hr of reperfusion (191% of control values). We hypothesize that the degenerative ultrastructural alteration of PSDs may produce a toxic signal such as a greater calcium influx, which is integrated from the thousands of excitatory synapses onto dendrites, and is propagated to the neuronal somata where it causes or contributes to neuronal damage during the postischemic phase. (+info)

On the mechanism of histaminergic inhibition of glutamate release in the rat dentate gyrus. (6/1453)

1. Histaminergic depression of excitatory synaptic transmission in the rat dentate gyrus was investigated using extracellular and whole-cell patch-clamp recording techniques in vitro. 2. Application of histamine (10 microM, 5 min) depressed synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus for 1 h. This depression was blocked by the selective antagonist of histamine H3 receptors, thioperamide (10 microM). 3. The magnitude of the depression caused by histamine was inversely related to the extracellular Ca2+ concentration. Application of the N-type calcium channel blocker omega-conotoxin (0. 5 or 1 microM) or the P/Q-type calcium channel blocker omega-agatoxin (800 nM) did not prevent depression of synaptic transmission by histamine. 4. The potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP, 100 microM) enhanced synaptic transmission and reduced the depressant effect of histamine (10 microM). 4-AP reduced the effect of histamine more in 2 mM extracellular calcium than in 4 mM extracellular calcium. 5. Histamine (10 microM) did not affect the amplitude of miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) and had only a small effect on their frequency. 6. Histaminergic depression was not blocked by an inhibitor of serine/threonine protein kinases, H7 (100 microM), or by an inhibitor of tyrosine kinases, Lavendustin A (10 microM). 7. Application of adenosine (20 microM) or the adenosine A1 agonist N6-cyclopentyladenosine (CPA, 0.3 microM) completely occluded the effect of histamine (10 microM). 8. We conclude that histamine, acting on histamine H3 receptors, inhibits glutamate release by inhibiting presynaptic calcium entry, via a direct G-protein-mediated inhibition of multiple calcium channels. Histamine H3 receptors and adenosine A1 receptors act upon a common final effector to cause presynaptic inhibition. (+info)

Quantal amplitude and quantal variance of strontium-induced asynchronous EPSCs in rat dentate granule neurons. (7/1453)

1. Excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) were recorded from granule cells of the dentate gyrus in acute slices of 17- to 21-day-old rats (22-25 C) using tissue cuts and minimal extracellular stimulation to selectively activate a small number of synaptic contacts. 2. Adding millimolar Sr2+ to the external solution produced asynchronous EPSCs (aEPSCs) lasting for several hundred milliseconds after the stimulus. Minimally stimulated aEPSCs resembled miniature EPSCs (mEPSCs) recorded in the same cell but differed from them in ways expected from the greater range of dendritic filtering experienced by mEPSCs. aEPSCs had the same stimulus threshold as the synchronous EPSCs (sEPSCs) that followed the stimulus with a brief latency. aEPSCs following stimulation of distal inputs had a slower mean rise time than those following stimulation of proximal inputs. These results suggest that aEPSCs arose from the same synapses that generated sEPSCs. 3. Proximally elicited aEPSCs had a mean amplitude of 6.7 +/- 2.2 pA (+/- s.d., n = 23 cells) at -70 mV and an amplitude coefficient of variation of 0. 46 +/- 0.08. 4. The amplitude distributions of sEPSCs never exhibited distinct peaks. 5. Monte Carlo modelling of the shapes of aEPSC amplitude distributions indicated that our data were best explained by an intrasite model of quantal variance. 6. It is concluded that Sr2+-evoked aEPSCs are uniquantal events arising at synaptic terminals that were recently invaded by an action potential, and so provide direct information about the quantal amplitude and quantal variance at those terminals. The large quantal variance obscures quantization of the amplitudes of evoked sEPSCs at this class of excitatory synapse. (+info)

Recurrent mossy fiber pathway in rat dentate gyrus: synaptic currents evoked in presence and absence of seizure-induced growth. (8/1453)

A common feature of temporal lobe epilepsy and of animal models of epilepsy is the growth of hippocampal mossy fibers into the dentate molecular layer, where at least some of them innervate granule cells. Because the mossy fibers are axons of granule cells, the recurrent mossy fiber pathway provides monosynaptic excitatory feedback to these neurons that could facilitate seizure discharge. We used the pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy to study the synaptic responses evoked by activating this pathway. Whole cell patch-clamp recording demonstrated that antidromic stimulation of the mossy fibers evoked an excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) in approximately 74% of granule cells from rats that had survived >10 wk after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus. Recurrent mossy fiber growth was demonstrated with the Timm stain in all instances. In contrast, antidromic stimulation of the mossy fibers evoked an EPSC in only 5% of granule cells studied 4-6 days after status epilepticus, before recurrent mossy fiber growth became detectable. Notably, antidromic mossy fiber stimulation also evoked an EPSC in many granule cells from control rats. Clusters of mossy fiber-like Timm staining normally were present in the inner third of the dentate molecular layer at the level of the hippocampal formation from which slices were prepared, and several considerations suggested that the recorded EPSCs depended mainly on activation of recurrent mossy fibers rather than associational fibers. In both status epilepticus and control groups, the antidromically evoked EPSC was glutamatergic and involved the activation of both AMPA/kainate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. EPSCs recorded in granule cells from rats with recurrent mossy fiber growth differed in three respects from those recorded in control granule cells: they were much more frequently evoked, a number of them were unusually large, and the NMDA component of the response was generally much more prominent. In contrast to the antidromically evoked EPSC, the EPSC evoked by stimulation of the perforant path appeared to be unaffected by a prior episode of status epilepticus. These results support the hypothesis that recurrent mossy fiber growth and synapse formation increases the excitatory drive to dentate granule cells and thus facilitates repetitive synchronous discharge. Activation of NMDA receptors in the recurrent pathway may contribute to seizure propagation under depolarizing conditions. Mossy fiber-granule cell synapses also are present in normal rats, where they may contribute to repetitive granule cell discharge in regions of the dentate gyrus where their numbers are significant. (+info)

... but is also found in other areas of the brain including the hippocampal dentate gyrus. The hippocampus is known to integrate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kisspeptin

Dentate gyrus. *Cornu ammonis (CA fields) *Cornu ammonis area 1 (CA1). *Cornu ammonis area 2 (CA2) ... Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain

Archicortical precursor cells are also present in the dentate gyrus of the developing mammalian embryo. The archicortex is ... Pellegrini, M.; Mansouri, A.; Simeone, A.; Boncinelli, E.; Gruss, P. (December 1996). "Dentate gyrus formation requires Emx2". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archicortex

Drake CT, Chavkin C, Milner TA (2007). "Opioid systems in the dentate gyrus". The Dentate Gyrus: A Comprehensive Guide to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynorphin

Amaral DG, Scharfman HE, Lavenex P (2007). The dentate gyrus: fundamental neuroanatomical organization (dentate gyrus for ... The dentate gyrus receives excitatory projections from neurons in layer II of the entorhinal cortex as well as input from ... It has been shown that the axons of granule cells from the dentate gyrus synapse with hilar mossy cells and GABAergic ... Mossy fibers in the hippocampus project from the dentate gyrus to CA3. The pathway consists of varicose granule cell axons that ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossy_fiber_(hippocampus)

Failure of preplate to split Failure to establish a distinct granule cell layer in the dentate gyrus. Normal dentate gyrus ... In the dentate gyrus of hippocampus, no characteristic radial glial scaffold is formed and no compact granule cell layer is ... Liu Y, Fujise N, Kosaka T (1996). "Distribution of calretinin immunoreactivity in the mouse dentate gyrus. I. General ... "Malformation of the radial glial scaffold in the dentate gyrus of reeler mice, scrambler mice, and ApoER2/VLDLR-deficient mice ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeler

Granular cell precursors that will populate the dentate gyrus proliferate locally in the hilus. This area, also known as the ... Unexpectedly, these mice have reduced migration into dentate gyrus. The mechanism of this is involve disruption in radial glial ... Hippocampal Development Migration of cells to the CA1 (red), CA3 (orange), and dentate gyrus (green). Hippocampus in relation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucocorticoids_in_hippocampal_development

Moser, M-B. (1995). Field potential changes in the dentate gyrus during spatial learning in the rat. Thesis for the degree of ... Leutgeb, J.K., Leutgeb, S., Moser, M.-B., and Moser, E.I. (2007). Pattern separation in dentate gyrus and CA3 of the ... Moser, E.I., Mathiesen, I. & Andersen, P. (1993). Association between brain temperature and dentate field potentials in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edvard_Moser

In a cross-section of the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, several layers will be shown. The dentate gyrus has three ... Sometimes the hippocampus is said to include the dentate gyrus and the subiculum. Some references include the dentate gyrus and ... This process of neurogenesis is confined to the dentate gyrus.[106] The production of new neurons can be positively affected by ... The hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, has the shape of a curved tube, which has been compared to a seahorse, and a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornu_ammonis

In a cross-section of the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, several layers will be shown. The dentate gyrus has three ... Sometimes the hippocampus is said to include the dentate gyrus and the subiculum. Some references include the dentate gyrus and ... The hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, has the shape of a curved tube, which has been compared to a seahorse, and a ... Place cell responses are shown by pyramidal cells in the hippocampus and by granule cells in the dentate gyrus. Other cells in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus

"Oscillatory dynamics in the hippocampus support dentate gyrus-CA3 coupling". Nature Neuroscience. 15 (5): 763-768. doi:10.1038/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimitri_Kullmann

Leutgeb, J.K., Leutgeb, S., Moser, M.-B., and Moser, E.I. (2007). "Pattern separation in dentate gyrus and CA3 of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May-Britt_Moser

Gould, E; McEwen, BS; Tanapat, P; Galea, LA; Fuchs, E (1 April 1997). "Neurogenesis in the Dentate Gyrus of the Adult Tree ... Gould and her colleagues found that the ovarian steroid estrogen enhances cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of the adult ... Also and conversely, steroid hormones of the adrenal glands were found to inhibit cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus but ... Gould's research has shown that exposure of aversive stimuli results in a decrease in cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Gould_(psychologist)

Bot AM, Dębski KJ, Lukasiuk K (2013). "Alterations in miRNA levels in the dentate gyrus in epileptic rats". PLOS ONE. 8 (10): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-324-5p

Amaral, DG; Scharfman, HE; Lavenex, P (2007). "The dentate gyrus: fundamental neuroanatomical organization (dentate gyrus for ... located in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, which then send information to distant portions of the dentate gyrus where the cycle ... the terms most frequently used are dentate gyrus and the cornu ammonis (literally "Amun's horns", abbreviated CA). The dentate ... The dentate gyrus is composed of a similar series of strata: The polymorphic layer (poly. lay.) is the most superficial layer ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus_anatomy

The main areas of archicortex are the hippocampus and dentate gyrus. Periallocortex is a transitional form between neocortex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allocortex

Reelin and Notch1 cooperate in the development of the dentate gyrus, according to another. Notch signaling is triggered via ... "Reelin and Notch1 cooperate in the development of the dentate gyrus". The Journal of Neuroscience. 29 (26): 8578-85. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notch_proteins

Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nature Neuroscience, (2), 266-270. Rossi, E ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychosocial_genomics

Reelin and Notch1 cooperate in the development of the dentate gyrus, according to another. NOTCH1 has been shown to interact ... "Reelin and Notch1 cooperate in the development of the dentate gyrus". J. Neurosci. 29 (26): 8578-85. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0958 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notch_1

Dentate gyrusEdit. The dentate gyrus is composed of a similar series of strata: *The polymorphic layer (poly. lay.) is the most ... "The dentate gyrus: fundamental neuroanatomical organization (dentate gyrus for dummies)". Progress in brain research. 163: 3-22 ... located in the hilus of the dentate gyrus, which then send information to distant portions of the dentate gyrus where the cycle ... the terms most frequently used are dentate gyrus and the cornu ammonis (literally "Amun's horns", abbreviated CA). The dentate ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/CA1_neurons

The fascia dentata and the hilus together make up the dentate gyrus. As with all regions of the hippocampus, the dentate gyrus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia_dentata

Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus. Nat Neurosci 2:266-270. Van der Borght ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_improvement

The dentate gyrus (DG) is the innermost section of the hippocampal formation. The dentate gyrus consists of three layers: ... The entorhinal cortex transmits its signals from the parahippocampal gyrus to the dentate gyrus via granule cell fibers known ... The dentate gyrus then synapses on pyramidal cells in CA3 via mossy cell fibers. CA3 then fires to CA1 via Schaffer collaterals ... Collectively the dentate gyrus, CA1 and CA3 of the hippocampus compose the trisynaptic loop. EC → DG via the perforant path ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trisynaptic_circuit

"Trimethyltin-induced expression of neuropeptide Y Y2 receptors in rat dentate gyrus". Neurotoxicol Teratol. 20 (6): 607-10. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesogen

Dentate granule cells Loss of dentate gyrus neurons from the hippocampus results in spatial memory deficits. Therefore, dentate ... The principal cell type of the dentate gyrus is the granule cell. The dentate gyrus granule cell has an elliptical cell body ... The granule cells are tightly packed in the granular cell layer of the dentate gyrus. The granule cells in the dorsal cochlear ... Aberrant integration of adult-generated cells during the development of epilepsy may impair the ability of the dentate gyrus to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granule_cell

July 2007). "Dentate gyrus NMDA receptors mediate rapid pattern separation in the hippocampal network". Science. 317 (5834): 94 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Déjà_vu

February 2011). "Palmitoylethanolamide protects dentate gyrus granule cells via peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmitoylethanolamide

"Enhancing dentate gyrus function with dietary flavanols improves cognition in older adults". Nature Neuroscience. 17 (12): 1798 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott_A._Small

"Running increases cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus". Nat. Neurosci. 2 (3): 266-270. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Running

"Testosterone and social isolation influence adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of male rats". Neuroscience. 195: 180-90. ... "Androgens increase survival of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus by an androgen receptor-dependent mechanism in male rats ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen

This area is also known as the pars triangularis (of the inferior frontal gyrus). In humans, it occupies the triangular part of ... Connections in inferior frontal gyrus[edit]. At least one study demonstrated a high degree of connectivity between the three ... "Functional connections within the human inferior frontal gyrus". The Journal of Comparative Neurology. 503: 550-559. doi: ... a portion of the orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus (H). Bounded caudally by the anterior ascending limb of the lateral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_part_of_inferior_frontal_gyrus

dentate gyrus development. • transmission of nerve impulse. • память. • positive regulation of synaptic transmission, ...

https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Дофаминовый_рецептор_D1

Saab BJ, Georgiou J, Nath A, Lee FJ, Wang M, Michalon A, Liu F, Mansuy IM, Roder JC (2009). "NCS-1 in the dentate gyrus ... The CA3 is innervated by two afferent paths known as the perforant path (PPCA3) and the dentate gyrus (DG)-mediated mossy ... Lee, I.; Kesner, R. P. (2004). "Encoding versus retrieval of spatial memory: Double dissociation between the dentate gyrus and ... how the dentate gyrus, CA3, and CA1 process spatial information". Behav Neurosci. 122 (1): 16-26. doi:10.1037/0735-7044.122. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial_memory

... the isthmus of cingulate gyrus, the fasciolar gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the parahippocampal sulcus, the dentate gyrus, ... the cingulate gyrus, the parahippocampal gyrus, the dentate gyrus, the hippocampus and the subiculum;[1] while the Terminologia ... The term is ambiguous, with some authors[who?] including the paraterminal gyrus, the subcallosal area, ... Broca named the limbic lobe in 1878, identifying it with the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, and associating it with the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limbic_lobe

dentate gyrus mossy fiber. • axonal growth cone. • synapse. • axon. • dendrite. • endoplasmic reticulum. • mitochondrion. • ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MAPK8IP1

"Preferential localization of polyribosomes under the base of dendritic spines in granule cells of the dentate gyrus". Journal ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MRNA

Anterior limb of internal capsule → Cingulate gyrus → Cingulum → Parahippocampal gyrus → Entorhinal cortex → Perforant path → ... "Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of ...

https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/ഹിപ്പോകാംപസ്

... and hippocampal subfields such as the combined dentate gyrus/CA3, CA1, and subiculum.[30] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FMRI

"Stimulus and Potassium-Induced Epileptiform Activity in the Human Dentate Gyrus from Patients with and without Hippocampal ...

https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocit

... and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation.[30] Although the generation of new neurons in the hippocampus is well ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatic_stem_cell

齒狀回（英語：Dentate gyrus）. *Rhinal sulcus（英語：Rhinal sulcus） ... Isthmus of cingulate gyrus（英語：Isthmus of cingulate gyrus）: Retrosplenial cortex（英語：Retrosplenial region） *26（英語：Brodmann area ... Transverse temporal gyrus（英語：Transverse temporal gyrus）/聽覺皮層 *41（英語：Brodmann area 41） ... Orbital gyri（英語：Orbital gyri）/眶額皮質 *10（英語：Brodmann

https://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-hk/腦

Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ... Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medial_globus_pallidus

... consisting of gyri and sulci) and clusters of cells. ... Dentate gyrus *Fascia dentata. *Subiculum. White matter. * ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olfactory_tubercle

... including the dentate gyrus, all CA fields (including CA1),[3] and the subiculum. ... Anterior limb of internal capsule → Cingulate gyrus → Cingulum → Parahippocampal gyrus → Entorhinal cortex → Perforant path → ... Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_pathway

Effects of androstenedione on long term potentiation in the rat dentate gyrus. Relevance for affective and degenerative ...

https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/Κατάθλιψη

... released by exercising muscles affect the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor synthesis in the dentate gyrus of the ...

https://ja.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/BDNF

... dentate gyrus, subiculum, amygdala, the parahippocampal, entorhinal, and perirhinal cortices[74] or the (b) midline ... Researchers have suggested that these age differences are probably due to the fact that the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory

Xu L, Liu SL, Zhang JT (2005). "(-)-Clausenamide potentiates synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus of rats". Chirality. 17 ...

https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/డిస్మెనోరియా

Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ... Projections from the VPN to the postcentral gyrus account for the transfer of sensory information concerning touch and pain. ... terminating in cortical layers of the lateral postcentral gyrus. S1 receives parallel thalamocortical radiations from the ... sublenticular region of the internal capsule and terminate in an organized topographic manner in the transverse temporal gyri ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalamocortical_radiations

Age-related memory loss is believed to originate in the dentate gyrus, whereas Alzheimer's is believed to originate in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_and_aging

... and the hippocampal dentate gyrus. A study in rats found that a heavy 2-day drinking binge caused extensive neurodegeneration ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binge_drink

... in the dentate gyrus in vitro". Neuroreport. 8 (3): 687-93. PMID 9106748. doi:10.1097/00001756-199702100-00022.. ...

https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCG-IV

Dentate nucleus in Lateral hemisphere/pontocerebellum → SCP → Dentatothalamic tract → Thalamus (VL) → Motor cortex ... Postcentral gyrus) → 4° (Posterior parietal cortex) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferior_peduncles

It surrounds a gyrus (pl. gyri), creating the characteristic folded appearance of the brain in humans and other mammals. The ... A sulcus is a shallower groove that surrounds a gyrus. A fissure is a large furrow that divides the brain into lobes and also ... Sulci, the grooves, and gyri, the folds or ridges, make up the folded surface of the cerebral cortex. Larger or deeper sulci ... "The cerebral sulci and gyri". Neurosurgical Focus. pp. E2. doi:10.3171/2009.11.focus09245. Retrieved 10 September 2018 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulcus_(neuroanatomy)

Haznedar, MM; Buchsbaum, MS; Hazlett, EA; Shihabuddin, L; New, A; Siever, LJ (Dec 1, 2004). "Cingulate gyrus volume and ... forms the retrosplenial gyrus. The posterior cingulate cortex is bordered by the following brain regions: the marginal ramus of ... such as the entorhinal cortex and the parahippocampal gyrus, the latter being involved in associative learning and episodic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_cingulate_cortex

In a cross-section of the hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, several layers will be shown. The dentate gyrus has three ... Sometimes the hippocampus is said to include the dentate gyrus and the subiculum. Some references include the dentate gyrus and ... This process of neurogenesis is confined to the dentate gyrus.[112] The production of new neurons can be positively affected by ... The hippocampus, including the dentate gyrus, has the shape of a curved tube, which has been compared to a seahorse, and a ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippocampus

Along with the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the SVZ is one of two places where neurogenesis has been found to occur in the ... Along with the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus, the subventricular zone serves as a source of neural stem cells (NSCs) in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subventricular_zone

The anteromedial continuation of the dentate gyrus is called the tail of the dentate gyrus, or the band of Giacomini. Most of ... Pattern separation begins in the dentate gyrus. Granule cells in the dentate gyrus process sensory information using ... Amaral DG, Scharfman HE, Lavenex P (2007). "The dentate gyrus: fundamental neuroanatomical organization (dentate gyrus for ... the dentate gyrus is important in pattern separation. When information enters via the perforant path, the dentate gyrus ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dentate_gyrus

In these mutants, almost all neurons in the dentate gyrus are arrested at a pseudoimmature state at the molecular and ... Immature Dentate Gyrus: An Endophenotype of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Hideo Hagihara. ,1. ,. 2 Keizo Takao. ,1. ,. 2. ,. 3 ... Immature Dentate Gyrus: An Endophenotype of Neuropsychiatric Disorders,. Neural Plasticity,. vol. 2013. ,. Article ID 318596. ... J. K. Leutgeb, S. Leutgeb, M.-B. Moser, and E. I. Moser, "Pattern separation in the dentate gyrus and CA3 of the hippocampus," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/np/2013/318596/

NMDA Receptor Granule Cell Dentate Gyrus Hippocampal Slice Granule Cell Layer These keywords were added by machine and not by ... Stanton P.K., Heinemann U. (1988) Mechanisms of Noradrenergic Modulation of Dentate Gyrus Long-Term Plasticity. In: Woody C.D ... Fricke, R. A., and Prince, D. A., 1984, Electrophysiology of dentate gyros granule cells, J. Neurophysiol. 51: 195-209.PubMed ... Alger, B. E., and Teyler, T. J., 1976, Long-term and short-term plasticity in the CA1, CA3, and dentate regions of the ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-9610-0_9

Rapid stimulation of human dentate gyrus function with acute mild exercise. Kazuya Suwabe, Kyeongho Byun, Kazuki Hyodo, ... Rapid stimulation of human dentate gyrus function with acute mild exercise. Kazuya Suwabe, Kyeongho Byun, Kazuki Hyodo, ... Rapid stimulation of human dentate gyrus function with acute mild exercise Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a message ... Rapid stimulation of human dentate gyrus function with acute mild exercise. Kazuya Suwabe, Kyeongho Byun, Kazuki Hyodo, ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/115/41/10487

Granule Cell Dentate Gyrus Molecular Layer Cerebellar Cortex Granular Layer These keywords were added by machine and not by the ... Lynch, G. S., Mosko, S., Parks, T., And Cotman, C. W. Relocation And Hyperdevelopment Of The Dentate Gyrus Commissural System ... Cotman, C. W., Matthews, D. A., Taylor, D., And Lynch, G. Synaptic Rearrangement In The Dentate Gyrus: Histochemical Evidence ... Altman J., Bayer S. (1975) Postnatal Development of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Under Normal and Experimental Conditions. In ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-2976-3_5

Experience-Induced Neurogenesis in the Senescent Dentate Gyrus Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... Experience-Induced Neurogenesis in the Senescent Dentate Gyrus. Gerd Kempermann, H. Georg Kuhn and Fred H. Gage ... We demonstrate here that under physiological conditions neurogenesis continues to occur in the dentate gyrus of senescent mice ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/18/9/3206.abstract

Pattern separation in the dentate gyrus: a role for the CA3 backprojection.. Myers CE1, Scharfman HE. ... Pattern Separation in the Dentate Gyrus: A Role for the CA3 Backprojection ... Pattern Separation in the Dentate Gyrus: A Role for the CA3 Backprojection ... Pattern Separation in the Dentate Gyrus: A Role for the CA3 Backprojection ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20683841?access_num=20683841&link_type=MED&dopt=Abstract

M. M. Okazaki, P. Molnár, and J. V. Nadler, "Recurrent mossy fiber pathway in rat dentate gyrus: synaptic currents evoked in ... R. J. Morgan and I. Soltesz, "Nonrandom connectivity of the epileptic dentate gyrus predicts a major role for neuronal hubs in ... A. T. U. Schaefers, K. Grafen, G. Teuchert-Noodt, and Y. Winter, "Synaptic remodeling in the dentate gyrus, CA3, CA1, subiculum ... J. P. Wuarin and F. E. Dudek, "Electrographic seizures and new recurrent excitatory circuits in the dentate gyrus of ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/cin/2013/949816/ref/

... the layers of the dentate gyrus were highlighted in red, green or blue. Color channels were exported, and the dentate layers ... Sampling the Mouse Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus. Lisa Basler1,2, Stephan Gerdes1, David P. Wolfer1,3,4 and Lutz Slomianka1,4* ... For the layers of the dentate gyrus, CE estimates using both m values typically provide upper and lower bounds for the ... The entire dentate gyrus behaved somewhat differently from its layers. For all sampling intervals used in frontal sections and ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnana.2017.00123/full

... Journal. Progress in Brain Research. Volume. 163. Pages (from-to). 355- ... Dentate granule cells are enriched with receptors for the stress hormone corticosterone, i.e., the high-affinity ... More than any other cell type in the brain studied so far, dentate granule cells require hormone levels to be within the ... These corticosteroid effects on dentate cell and network function are translated into behavioral consequences, in health and ...

http://dare.uva.nl/search?metis.record.id=273605

Exercise selectively increases dentate gyrus CBV in mice. (a) Exercise had a selective effect on dentate gyrus CBV. Bar graphs ... Exercise selectively increases dentate gyrus CBV in humans. (a) Exercise had a selective effect on dentate gyrus CBV. Bar graph ... An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus.. Pereira AC1, Huddleston DE, Brickman AM, ... The dentate gyrus was the only hippocampal subregion that showed a significant exercise effect, with CBV peaking at week 4, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17374720

The dentate gyrus (DG), an important part of the hippocampus, plays a critical role in consolidation of information from short- ... The dentate gyrus (DG), an important part of the hippocampus, plays a critical role in consolidation of information from short- ... The dentate gyrus (DG) is an important structure within the hippocampus and plays critical roles in consolidation of ... Lei Zhang and Xinhua Zhang (April 5th 2018). Factors Regulating Neurogenesis in the Adult Dentate Gyrus, The Hippocampus - ...

https://www.intechopen.com/books/the-hippocampus-plasticity-and-functions/factors-regulating-neurogenesis-in-the-adult-dentate-gyrus

New role for immature brain neurons in the dentate gyrus identified. University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers have ... proposed a model that resolves a seeming paradox in one of the most intriguing areas of the brain-the dentate gyrus. ...

https://medicalxpress.com/tags/dentate+gyrus/sort/liverank/all/

The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of postnatal cell production in the dentate gyrus of the guinea pig, a ... Postnatal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the guinea pig. Authors. *. Sandra Guidi,. *Dipartimento di Fisiologia Umana e ... Administration of MK-801 to P1-P5 animals caused an increase in cell proliferation restricted to the dorsal dentate gyrus. The ... In all species examined, the dentate gyrus develops over an extended period that begins during gestation and continues up to ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/hipo.20050/abstract?globalMessage=0

Childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced volume in the hippocampal subfields CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum. Martin ... Childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced volume in the hippocampal subfields CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum ... Childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced volume in the hippocampal subfields CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum ... Childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced volume in the hippocampal subfields CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/109/9/E563.short

Depressed synaptic inhibition in the dentate gyrus. Field potential recordings of perforant path input to dentate granule cells ... "dentate gate" (Stringer and Lothman, 1989). Synaptically mediated seizure activity can be propagated into the dentate gyrus ... The dentate gyrus may act as a filter, resisting the transfer of epileptiform discharges from the entorhinal cortex to the ... 1996) Kainic acid-induced seizures enhance dentate gyrus inhibition by downregulation of GABAB receptors. J Neurosci 16:4250- ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/21/6/2048

In addition, the dentate gyrus contains another functionally important anatomical division along the transverse axis, with the ...

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/related?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0048757&imageURI=info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0048757.g001

Fate choice decision and the initiation of neuronal development occur in precursor cells of the adult dentate gyrus. We here ... A subpopulation of precursor cells in the mouse dentate gyrus receives synaptic GABAergic input Mol Cell Neurosci. 2005 Jun;29( ... Fate choice decision and the initiation of neuronal development occur in precursor cells of the adult dentate gyrus. We here ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15911343/?dopt=Abstract

The dentate gyrus (DG) receives highly processed information from the associative cortices functionally integrated in the ... The dentate gyrus (DG) receives highly processed information from the associative cortices functionally integrated in the ... Development of the Dentate Gyrus (DG) at the Histological Level (Figure 1). Before thinking of producing dentate gyrus (DG) ... dentate gyrus; Dkk, Dickkopf-related protein; DNE, Dentate Neuroepitelium; EB, embryoid body; Egf, epidermal growth factor ( ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2018.00402/full

Genetic influence on neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 1997. 94:10409-10414. ... Kainic acid increases the proliferation of granule cell progenitors in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat. Brain Res. 1998. 790 ... Increased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus after transient global ischemia in gerbils. J. Neurosci. 1998. 18:7768-7778. View ... FGF-2 regulates neurogenesis and degeneration in the dentate gyrus after traumatic brain injury in mice. Shinichi Yoshimura,1 ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/16618

Mossy cells give rise to the commissural and associational pathway of the dentate gyrus, and receive their major excitatory ... Long- and short-term plasticity at mossy fiber synapses on mossy cells in the rat dentate gyrus Hippocampus. 2005;15(6):691-6. ... Mossy cells give rise to the commissural and associational pathway of the dentate gyrus, and receive their major excitatory ... in whole cell recorded mossy cells retrogradely prelabeled with the fluorescent dye DiO from the contralateral dentate gyrus. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15986406/?dopt=Abstract

Immature dentate gyrus in neuropsychiatric diseases. Several studies have recently identified the immature dentate gyrus (iDG ... 2007). Dentate gyrus NMDA receptors mediate rapid pattern separation in the hippocampal network. Science 317, 94-99. doi: ... 2000). Loss of BETA2/NeuroD leads to malformation of the dentate gyrus and epilepsy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 97, 865-870. ... 2013). Immature dentate gyrus: an endophenotype of neuropsychiatric disorders. Neural Plast. 2013, 318596. doi:10.1155/2013/ ...

http://dev.biologists.org/content/141/12/2366.full

The pubertal-related decline in cellular proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of male rats is independent of the ... Although it is unclear what mediates these developmental changes in the dentate gyrus, gonadal hormones have been implicated in ... Pubertal development is marked by significant decreases in cellular proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of the ... in the dentate gyrus of prepubertal (30 d), midpubertal (45 d), and adult (90 d) male rats. We found the decline in BrdU and ...

http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/dneu.20987/abstract

Ketamine Affects the Neurogenesis of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in 7-Day-Old Rats. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad ... Ketamine Affects the Neurogenesis of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in 7-Day-Old Rats.. Neurotox Res. 2016 08; 30(2):185-98.NR ... Anesthetics, DissociativeAnimalsApoptosisAstrocytesBromodeoxyuridineCell MovementCell ProliferationDentate GyrusFluorescent ... Ketamine Affects the Neurogenesis of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus in 7-Day-Old Rats. Neurotox Res. 2016;30(2):185-98. PubMed ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/26966008/Ketamine_Affects_the_Neurogenesis_of_the_Hippocampal_Dentate_Gyrus_in_7_Day_Old_Rats_

Pattern Separation in the Dentate Gyrus and CA3 of the Hippocampus. By Jill K. Leutgeb, Stefan Leutgeb, May-Britt Moser, Edvard ... Pattern Separation in the Dentate Gyrus and CA3 of the Hippocampus. By Jill K. Leutgeb, Stefan Leutgeb, May-Britt Moser, Edvard ... Pattern Separation in the Dentate Gyrus and CA3 of the Hippocampus Message Subject. (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you ... Rats code small changes in their surrounding environment by modifying neural activity in the dentate gyrus and code larger ...

https://science.sciencemag.org/content/315/5814/961.full

Find out information about dentate gyrus. One of the convolutions on the surface of the cerebrum Explanation of dentate gyrus ... Dentate gyrus , Article about dentate gyrus by The Free Dictionary https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/dentate+gyrus ... gyrus. (redirected from dentate gyrus). Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Medical, Acronyms, Wikipedia.. Related to dentate ... 20 mm for the CA1, CA3 and the dentate gyrus (DG) subfields of the dorsal hippocampus; -4.. Sexual metabolic differences in the ...

https://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/dentate+gyrus

This paper describes a million-plus granule cell compartmental model of the rat hippocampal dentate gyrus, including excitatory ...

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7124441/?arnumber=7124441

Beneficial effect of cilostazol-mediated neuronal repair following trimethyltin-induced neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus.. [ ... in the dentate gyrus of impaired animals. The results of a forced swimming test revealed that the chronic treatment with ... induced neuronal loss/self-repair in the hippocampal dentate gyrus [Ogita et al. (2005) J Neurosci Res 82:609-621]; these mice ... our data suggest that cilostazol has a beneficial effect on neuronal repair following neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/25139675

METHODS: The molecular layer of the DG (dentate gyrus) of human epileptic tissue and rat nonepileptic tissue was electrically ... Carbamazepine modulates the spatiotemporal activity in the dentate gyrus of rats and pharmacoresistant humans in vitro. Journal ...

http://dare.uva.nl/search?metis.record.id=535276

... embryos lack dentate gyrus granule cells but contain glial cells and interneurons in the region of the dentate gyrus. In mouse ... 1987) Organization of radial glial cells during the development of the rat dentate gyrus. J. Comp. Neurol 264, 449-479. ... Thus, LEF1 regulates the generation of dentate gyrus granule cells, and together with other LEF1/TCF proteins, the development ... 1998) Multipotent progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus. J. Neurobiol 36, 249-266. ...

https://dev.biologists.org/content/127/3/469?ijkey=1554d497a3006e458abae665010e15710904d141&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

The dentate gyrus (DG) is part of the hippocampal formation in the temporal lobe of the brain that includes the hippocampus and the subiculum. (wikipedia.org)
The dentate gyrus, like the hippocampus, consists of three distinct layers: an outer molecular layer, a middle granule cell layer, and an inner polymorphic layer. (wikipedia.org)
The polymorphic layer is also the hilus of the dentate gyrus, (CA4, the junction of the hippocampus and dentate gyrus). (wikipedia.org)
In the iDG phenotype, most of the granule cells or principal neurons in the dentate gyrus (DG) within the hippocampus are arrested at a pseudoimmature status, in which the molecular and physiological properties are similar to those of normal immature neurons from the DG. (hindawi.com)
Many theories of hippocampal function assume that area CA3 of hippocampus is capable of performing rapid pattern storage, as well as pattern completion when a partial version of a familiar pattern is presented, and that the dentate gyrus (DG) is a preprocessor that performs pattern separation, facilitating storage and recall in CA3. (nih.gov)
The dentate gyrus (DG), an important part of the hippocampus, plays a critical role in consolidation of information from short-term to long-term memory, and also in spatial navigation. (intechopen.com)
New neurons are born in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus throughout the life of mammals ( 1 ) and derive from dividing progenitor cells located in the innermost part of the granule cell layer, a region called the subgranular zone. (pnas.org)
McGinty, "Sleep deprivation reduces proliferation of cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus in rats," The Journal of Physiology, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
Chen said that this neurotransmitter, called GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid), was found in deformed cells called "reactive astrocytes" in a structure in the core of the brain called the dentate gyrus , whose structure is the gateway to hippocampus, an area of the brain that is critical for learning and memory. (thefreedictionary.com)
Through these electrical recordings of nerve cell activity, they focused on a region of the hippocampus known as the dentate gyrus thought to contribute to the formation of new memories. (thefreedictionary.com)
Lef1 is expressed in the developing hippocampus, and LEF1-deficient embryos lack dentate gyrus granule cells but contain glial cells and interneurons in the region of the dentate gyrus. (biologists.org)
Thus, LEF1 regulates the generation of dentate gyrus granule cells, and together with other LEF1/TCF proteins, the development of the hippocampus. (biologists.org)
Histological image of dentate gyrus is similar to hippocampus in this group. (nih.gov)
Effect of Early Glutamate Exposure on EAAT-3 and GAT-1 Protein Expression in Cells of the Dentate Gyrus and CA1 Region of the Adult Rat Hippocampus. (biomedsearch.com)
METHODS: Following repeated MSG administration, we used immunofluorescence techniques to quantify the number of cells expressing the EAAT-3 and GAT-1 transporters at postnatal days (PD) 14 and 60 in the dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 region of the hippocampus. (biomedsearch.com)
The dentate gyrus is the most important relay station that transfers polysensory information from the entorhinal cortex into the hippocampus proper. (maxplanckflorida.org)
New neurons are formed in the dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus throughout adulthood. (uncg.edu)
To investigate the effect of running exercise on myelinated fibers in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus during Alzheimer's disease (AD), 6-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice were randomly assigned to control or running groups. (eurekaselect.com)
Reactive synaptogenesis and terminal proliferation are known to occur in the dentate gyrus of the rat hippocampus following removal of specific afferents. (semanticscholar.org)
At 24 h after infection animals were sacrificed and brains were examined for apoptotic injury to the dentate granule cell layer of the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
The second form consists of apoptosis in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (biomedcentral.com)
This abnormal chain of events is also linked to learning and memory deficits, primarily in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. (otago.ac.nz)
The feedforward dentate gyrus-CA3 microcircuit in the hippocampus is thought to activate ensembles of CA3 pyramidal cells and interneurons to encode and retrieve episodic memories. (bris.ac.uk)
The dentate gyrus (DG), is actually a separate structure, a tightly packed layer of small granule cell s wrapped around the end of the hippocampus proper, forming a pointed wedge in some cross-sections, a semicircle in others. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
Most anatomists use the term "hippocampus proper" to refer to the four CA fields, and hippocampal formation to refer to the hippocampus proper plus dentate gyrus and subiculum 1) . (operativeneurosurgery.com)
Granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus are thought to be essential to memory function by decorrelating overlapping input patterns (pattern separation). (elsevier.com)
Among the experiments with tracer injections into the hippocampus (Table 1 ) two cases were injected with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) into the dentate area exclusively. (biomedcentral.com)
The consolidation of stress-induced adaptive behaviours, such as the learned immobility response in the forced swim (FS) test, depends on specific epigenetic modifications underlying gene transcriptional responses in dentate gyrus (DG) granule neurons of the hippocampus. (edu.au)
Granule and pyramidal cell neurons within the dentate gyrus and CA1 subfields of the hippocampus exhibited significant reductions in dendritic complexity, spine density, and immature and mature spine types following chemotherapy, adverse effects that were eradicated by stem cell transplantation. (aacrjournals.org)
The Eisch Lab studies a part of the brain called the dentate gyrus, which is a part of the hippocampus that is involved with mood, reward, and pattern separation. (upenn.edu)
Curcumin can effectively reduce the damages of nicotine administration in hippocampus dentate gyrus probably through antioxidant properties. (herbmedpharmacol.com)
Jalili C, Arji Rodsari B, Roshankhah S, Salahshoor MR. Effect of curcumin on hippocampus dentate gyrus injury induced by nicotine in rats. (herbmedpharmacol.com)
Initial experiments consolidate evidence on inducing LTP in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. (autorenwelt.de)

Granule neurons in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) receive their primary inputs from the cortex and are known to be continuously generated throughout adult life. (biologists.org)
The dentate gyrus (DGy) is made up mainly of granule neurons (GNs) with interspersed GABAergic interneurons. (omicsonline.org)
We provide evidence that the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-R (TNR) - which is predominantly expressed by a subpopulation of interneurons - plays a role in the generation of GABAergic and granule neurons in the murine dentate gyrus by regulating fate determination of neural stem or progenitor cells (NSCs). (biologists.org)
No data exist concerning the interplay between granule neurons and late radial glial cells during dentate gyrus development. (elsevier.com)

In a parallel set of experiments, we show that long-term potentiation elicited in the dentate gyrus in the absence of GABA blockers requires the presence of new neurons, as it is eliminated by each of our ablation procedures. (pnas.org)
Electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods were used to determine the localization, subcellular distribution and expression of activity-regulated cytoskeletal protein (Arc/Arg3.1) in dentate gyrus after unilateral induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the perforant pathway of anaesthetized rats. (open.ac.uk)
Low-frequency stimulation induces long-term depression and slow onset long-term potentiation at perforant path-dentate gyrus synapses in vivo. (semanticscholar.org)
Long-term potentiation expands information content of hippocampal dentate gyrus synapses. (semanticscholar.org)

In these mutants, almost all neurons in the dentate gyrus are arrested at a pseudoimmature state at the molecular and electrophysiological levels, a phenomenon defined as "immature dentate gyrus (iDG). (hindawi.com)
The researchers said identifying CCK neurons in the dentate gyrus as the site of interest, will advance scientists' understanding of how SSRIs work. (thefreedictionary.com)
Lehmann K, Butz M, Teuchert-Noodt G. Offer and demand: proliferation and survival of neurons in the dentate gyrus. (uni-bielefeld.de)

One tungsten electrode was positioned in stratum lucidum (SL) of CA3b to activate MFs and another in stratum granulosum (SG) to directly stimulate dentate interneurons. (bl.uk)
These results imply a poly-synaptic inhibitory feedback projection from CA3 to the dentate gyrus via recurrent MFs, and a mono-synaptic input from dentate interneurons to GCs. (bl.uk)
A second excitatory cell type in the dentate gyrus, the mossy cell, forms an intricate circuit with granule cells, CA3c pyramidal cells, and local interneurons, but the influence of mossy cells on dentate function is often overlooked. (elsevier.com)
CYFIP1 protein interacts with FMRP whose loss downregulates tonic GABAergic inhibition via interaction with the δ-subunit of the GABA A receptor (GABA A R). Here, however, we report that reduced Cyfip1 dosage in mice does not alter tonic GABAergic inhibition in granule cells and parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV + -INs) of the dentate gyrus (DG), a region rich in δ-subunit expression. (eneuro.org)
By using paired recordings of synaptically connected interneurons in slice preparations of the rat and mouse dentate gyrus (DG), we show that morphologically identified interneurons form complex neuronal networks. (coolled.com)

However, whether significant neurogenesis exists in the adult human dentate gyrus has been a matter of debate. (wikipedia.org)
Amaral DG, Insausti R, Campbell MJ (1988) Distribution of somatostatin immunoreactivity in the human dentate gyrus. (springer.com)

The granule cell precursors remain in a subgranular zone that becomes progressively thinner as the dentate gyrus grows, but these precursor cells are retained in adult rats. (wikipedia.org)
Rats code small changes in their surrounding environment by modifying neural activity in the dentate gyrus and code larger differences by activating neurons in an adjacent area. (sciencemag.org)
PREGS induces LTP in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of adult rats via the tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2B coupled to ERK/CREB [corrected] signaling. (thefreedictionary.com)
Whereas the number of progenitors four weeks after BrdU injections was still significantly greater in male than in female SHRs, resulting in a greater net neurogenesis in the male, the number of BrdU-immunoreactive cells did not differ between male and female SD rats, suggesting a greater survival of newly generated cells in the dentate gyrus in female than in male SD rats. (lu.se)
Synaptophysin expression was assessed in dentate gyrus prepared from aged (22 months) and young (4 months) rats by immunoblotting and post-embedding immunolabelling at electron microscope level. (open.ac.uk)
The aim of the present study was investigate whether increasing neurogenesis in rats could promote a recovery of spatial function following dentate gyrus damage. (uncg.edu)
Experimental AD was induced by bilateral injection of beta amyloid 1-42 in the dentate gyrus (DG) of female rats, and then learning and memory were tested using the passive avoidance task. (sid.ir)
Five hours after LTP induction in awake rats, microarrays and RNA sequencing were used to quantify global miRNA expression in laser-microdissected dentate gyrus middle molecular layer and granule cell layer, respectively. (otago.ac.nz)
Low-dose sevoflurane promotes hippocampal neurogenesis and facilitates the development of dentate gyrus-dependent learning in neonatal rats. (smarttots.org)
In situ hybridization histochemistry, using a digoxigenin-labeled GAD cRNA probe, demonstrated a substantial decrease in the number of GAD mRNA-containing neurons in the hilus of the dentate gyrus in the pilocarpine-treated rats as compared to controls at all time intervals. (qxmd.com)

The trisynaptic circuit consists of excitatory cells (mostly stellate cells) in layer II of the entorhinal cortex, projecting to the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus via the perforant path. (wikipedia.org)
Heterosynaptic LTD and depotentiation in the medial perforant path of the dentate gyrus in the freely moving rat. (semanticscholar.org)
Cholecystokinin (CCK) as the sulfated (CCK-8S) and unsulfated (CCK-8U) octapeptide sequences, and CR 1409 were administered intraventricularly while the action potential (EAP) in the granular cell layer of the hippocampal dentate gyrus evoked by perforant path stimulation was recorded. (elsevier.com)

We tested the performance of the commonly used Gundersen-Jensen CE estimator, using the layers of the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus as an example (molecular layer, granule cell layer and hilus). (frontiersin.org)
Tanshinone I enhances neurogenesis in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus via increasing Wnt-3, phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3[sz] and [sz]-catenin immunoreactivities. (thefreedictionary.com)
Neural stem cell s (NSCs) in the adult mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) are mostly quiescent, and only a few are in the cell cycle at any point in time. (operativeneurosurgery.com)

METHODS: The molecular layer of the DG (dentate gyrus) of human epileptic tissue and rat nonepileptic tissue was electrically stimulated and the evoked responses were recorded with voltage-sensitive dye imaging to characterize the spatiotemporal properties. (uva.nl)
Immunogold labelling studies in the medial molecular layer of the dentate gyrus demonstrated that gold particles were restricted to pre-synaptic boutons, and were present mainly on the membranes of the synaptic vesicles or occasionally inside vesicles. (open.ac.uk)
At 2 h post-induction, immunoreaction product was visible in the dentate gyrus in both the granule cell and molecular layers. (open.ac.uk)
At 2 h post-LTP induction, there were significant increases in Arc-IR within the granule cell and molecular layers of the dentate gyrus and particularly within the middle molecular layer relative to the inner and outer molecular layers. (open.ac.uk)
Our data provide ultrastructural evidence for a transient LTP-associated increase in the expression of Arc protein in the middle molecular layer of the dentate gyrus, with preferential targeting to dendrites, dendritic spines and glia. (open.ac.uk)
I identified two miRNAs that were up-regulated specifically in the dentate gyrus middle molecular layer, containing activated synapses: miR-151-3p and miR-23a-3p. (otago.ac.nz)
Using anterograde and retrograde tracer techniques in the Madagascan lesser hedgehog tenrec (Afrosoricidae, Afrotheria) it was shown in this study that the dentate hilar region gave rise to a faint, but distinct, bilateral projection to the most rostromedial portion of the olfactory tubercle, particularly its molecular layer. (biomedcentral.com)
These tracer injections mainly involved the dentate molecular layer (DtMo) but there was some tracer uptake by the granule cells as seen from the weak to moderate mossy fiber projection to CA3 (Fig. 1 ). (biomedcentral.com)
Here we used single-cell RNA sequencing to reveal the molecular dynamics and diversity of dentate gyrus cell types in perinatal, juvenile, and adult mice. (scilifelab.se)
In contrast, iontophoretically applied CCK-8S, CCK-8U and CR 1409 slightly but consistently reduced the slope of the evoked response recorded in the dentate gyrus molecular layer. (elsevier.com)

In situ hybridization methods were used to determine if glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) mRNA-containing neurons within the hilus of the dentate gyrus are vulnerable to seizure-induced damage in a model of chronic seizures. (qxmd.com)

Differential properties of dentate gyrus and CA1 neural precursors. (inserm.fr)
Conserved properties of dentate gyrus neurogenesis across postnatal development revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing. (scilifelab.se)

Taken together, our data suggest that cilostazol has a beneficial effect on neuronal repair following neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus through promotion of proliferation and/or neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells in the subgranular zone. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We describe a strongly biologically motivated artificial neural network approach to model neurogenesis and synaptic turnover as it naturally occurs for example in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) of the developing and adult mammalian and human brain. (bccn-goettingen.de)

abstract = "During dentate gyrus development, the early embryonic radial glial scaffold is replaced by a secondary glial scaffold around birth. (elsevier.com)

Next, dentate precursor cells move out of this same area of the hippocampal neuroepithelium and, retaining their mitotic capacity, invade the hilus (core) of the forming dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
Fate choice decision and the initiation of neuronal development occur in precursor cells of the adult dentate gyrus. (nih.gov)
Archicortical precursor cells are also present in the dentate gyrus of the developing mammalian embryo. (wikipedia.org)

1998 ) Multipotent progenitor cells in the adult dentate gyrus. (biologists.org)

Beneficial effect of cilostazol-mediated neuronal repair following trimethyltin-induced neuronal loss in the dentate gyrus. (sigmaaldrich.com)
We evaluated whether cilostazol would have a beneficial effect on neuronal repair following hippocampal neuronal damage by using a mouse model of trimethyltin (TMT)-induced neuronal loss/self-repair in the hippocampal dentate gyrus [Ogita et al. (sigmaaldrich.com)
However, chronic treatment with cilostazol on days 3-15 posttreatment resulted in an increase in the number of BrdU-incorporating cells in the dentate GCL of the impaired animals, and these cells were positive for neuronal nuclear antigen or doublecortin. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The germinal matrices in the developing dentate gyrus are composed of neuronal progenitors at distinct differentiation stages. (mysciencework.com)

The dentate gyrus, on the other hand, has only few projections to the CA1 and the subiculum, and none have clearly been shown to extrahippocampal target regions. (biomedcentral.com)
Unlike the CA1 and the subiculum the dentate gyrus did not project to the accumbens nucleus. (biomedcentral.com)

Thus the fast conductance change at interneuron-interneuron synapses may promote the generation of high-frequency oscillations observed in the dentate gyrus in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
A large amount of vesicular Zn2+ which is thought to be released upon presynaptic depolarisation is found at synapses formed by the axons of dentate granule cells (GCs), known as mossy fibres (MFs). (bl.uk)

The rat dentate gyrus is unusual among mammalian brain regions in that it shows cell birth well into adulthood. (core.ac.uk)

2019 evidence has shown that adult neurogenesis does take place in the subventricular zone and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
A single treatment with cilostazol (10 mg/kg, i.p.) produced no significant change in the number of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-incorporating cells in the dentate granule cell layer (GCL) or subgranular zone on day 3 after TMT treatment. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Neurogenesis persists in certain regions of the adult brain including the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus wherein its regulation is essential, particularly in relation to learning, stress and modulation of mood. (scripps.edu)
The subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in one region where neurogenesis (the birth of new neurons) occurs into adolescence and adulthood. (upenn.edu)

Most of the dentate gyrus is not exposed on the surface of the brain but the band of Giacomini is visible, and makes an important landmark of the inferior surface of the uncus. (wikipedia.org)
The granule cells in the dentate gyrus are distinguished by their late time of formation during brain development. (wikipedia.org)
Previously, studies have identified the "immature dentate gyrus (iDG)," a potential brain endophenotype shared by several psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. (hindawi.com)
More than any other cell type in the brain studied so far, dentate granule cells require hormone levels to be within the physiological range. (uva.nl)
University of Alabama at Birmingham researchers have proposed a model that resolves a seeming paradox in one of the most intriguing areas of the brain-the dentate gyrus. (medicalxpress.com)
Before thinking of producing dentate gyrus (DG) granule cells (or the entire DG itself) in vitro , it is convenient to review the formation of the DG in the mouse brain at the histological level. (frontiersin.org)
This report contains a gene expression summary of the dentate gyrus (DG), derived from the Allen Brain Atlas (ABA) _in situ_ hybridization mouse data set. (openaire.eu)
The dentate gyrus (DG) is an important part of the hippocampal formation and is believed to be involved in a variety of brain functions including episodic and spatial memory and the exploration of novel environments. (aston.ac.uk)
Kisspeptin is most notably expressed in the hypothalamus , but is also found in other areas of the brain including the hippocampal dentate gyrus . (wikipedia.org)
In this description of the stratification/lamination of the dentate gyrus, the most superficial layer, close to the pial surface of the brain comes first, followed by the layers below. (temporal-lobe.com)
Continuing our attempts to elucidate the hippocampal and parahippocampal circuits in mammals with a poorly differentiated brain [ 26 - 29 ] the present study in the lesser hedgehog tenrec ( Echinops telfairi , Et ) will demonstrate some true dentate hilar cells projecting to a circumscribed region in the olfactory tubercle. (biomedcentral.com)
A) Hypoxic brain injury in bilateral fasciolar gyrus which is the posterior part of dentate gyrus (arrowhead). (jkna.org)
Fmrp knock-out has been shown to reduce tonic GABAergic inhibition by interacting with the δ-subunit of the GABA A receptor (GABA A R). Using in situ hybridization (ISH), qPCR, Western blotting techniques, and patch clamp electrophysiology in brain slices from a Cyfip1 haploinsufficient mouse, we examined δ-subunit mediated tonic inhibition in the dentate gyrus (DG). (eneuro.org)
I got to refresh my understanding of neurocircuitry, while also learning a lot about the dentate gyrus and how to look at biological processes in the brain. (upenn.edu)

Neurospheres generated from CA1 were multipotent and produced neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, while dentate gyrus neurospheres mostly produced glial cells. (inserm.fr)
In contrast to neocortical and early dentate gyrus radial glial cells, these postnatal glial cells are severely altered with regard to position and morphology in reeler mice lacking the secreted protein Reelin. (elsevier.com)
Herein, we show that despite the severe morphological defects in the reeler dentate gyrus, the precursor function of secondary radial glial cells is not impaired during development in reeler mice. (elsevier.com)

The oldest granule cells are generated in a specific region of the hippocampal neuroepithelium and migrate into the primordial dentate gyrus around embryonic days (E) 17/18, and then settle as the outermost cells in the forming granular layer. (wikipedia.org)
Dentate granule cells are enriched with receptors for the stress hormone corticosterone, i.e., the high-affinity mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), which is already extensively occupied with low levels of the hormone, and the glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which is particularly activated after stress. (uva.nl)
Conversely, prolonged exposure of animals to a high level of corticosterone suppresses neurogenesis and presumably makes dentate granule cells more vulnerable to delayed cell death. (uva.nl)
We have made paired recordings from basket cells (BCs) in the dentate gyrus of rat hippocampal slices, followed by correlated light and electron microscopical analysis. (jneurosci.org)
Furthermore, the number of cells in the hippocampal dentate gyrus increased with G-CSF treatment. (thefreedictionary.com)
1990 ) Mosaic organization of the hippocampal neuroepithelium and the multiple germinal sources of dentate granule cells. (biologists.org)
When recording from dentate basket cells, Zn2+ chelation increased spike width, decreased spike threshold, enhanced NMDAR-mediated excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) and facilitated T-type Ca2+ currents. (bl.uk)
Stereologic analysis of the numbers of BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus revealed both a strain difference with significantly higher cell proliferation and net neurogenesis. (lu.se)
Stereologic analysis of the numbers of BrdU-immunoreactive cells in the dentate gyrus revealed both a strain difference with significantly higher cell proliferation and net neurogenesis in SHR than in SD and a gender difference with males from both strains producing significantly more cells than their female counterparts. (lu.se)
It covers more poorly expressed degenerative changes of nerve cells in the area of dentate gyrus and glial proliferation occurs mainly in the blood vessel zone, where infiltration of microglia cells is observed. (nih.gov)
Here we adapted an existing computational model of the dentate gyrus (J Neurophysiol 93: 437-453, 2005) by replacing the reduced granule cell models with morphologically detailed models coming from (3D) reconstructions of mature cells. (yale.edu)
Different fractions of the mature granule cell models were replaced by morphologically reconstructed models of newborn dentate granule cells from animals with PILO-induced Status Epilepticus, which have apical dendritic alterations and spine loss, and control animals, which do not have these alterations. (yale.edu)
This complex arrangement of cells and processes allowed us to study the combined effect of mossy fiber sprouting, altered apical dendritic tree and dendritic spine loss in newborn granule cells on the excitability of the dentate gyrus model. (yale.edu)
Our simulations suggest that alterations in the apical dendritic tree and dendritic spine loss in newborn granule cells have opposing effects on the excitability of the dentate gyrus after Status Epilepticus. (yale.edu)
1 . Tejada J, Garcia-Cairasco N, Roque AC (2014) Combined role of seizure-induced dendritic morphology alterations and spine loss in newborn granule cells with mossy fiber sprouting on the hyperexcitability of a computer model of the dentate gyrus. (yale.edu)
2 . Tejada J, Arisi GM, García-Cairasco N, Roque AC (2012) Morphological alterations in newly born dentate gyrus granule cells that emerge after status epilepticus contribute to make them less excitable. (yale.edu)
Dentage Gyrus Granule Cell model associated with the papers: J. Tejada, G.M. Arisi, N. Garcia-Cairasco, A.C. Roque, Morphological alterations in newly born dentate gyrus granule cells that emerge after status epilepticus contribute to make them less excitable, PLoS ONE. (yale.edu)
BrdU-positive cells in the dentate gyrus expressed Nestin, but only a few expressed Mash-1. (inserm.fr)
Dentate gyrus contains fewer neurosphere-forming cells and none that respond to FGF-2 alone. (inserm.fr)
Armato U, Chakravarthy B, Chiarini A, PrÃ ID, Whitfield JF (2011) A Paradigm-Changing Surprise from Dentate Gyrus Granule Cells-Cilium- Localized p75 NTR May Drive Their Progenitor Cell Proliferation. (omicsonline.org)
DGC, dentate granule cells. (elifesciences.org)
Intradentate infusions of colchcine selectively ablated the majority of dorsal dentate gyrus granule cells. (uncg.edu)
In dentate gyrus granule cells, SR 95531 was found approximately 4 times as potent inhibiting phasic currents compared to tonic currents (IC50 values: 101 vs. 427 nM). (ku.dk)
Using whole cell current clamp patch recordings, we observed a sustained decrease of intrinsic excitability in the FSINs of the dentate gyrus (DG) following repetitive stimulations of the mossy fibers at 30 Hz (gamma bursts) which could not be expressed in the granule cells. (maxplanckflorida.org)
used the case of the dentate gyrus (DG) to show that boundary-crossing interneuron s with cell bodies in CA3 and CA1 constitute a numerically significant and diverse population that relays patterns of activity generated within the CA regions back to granule cells. (operativeneurosurgery.com)
Hilar mossy cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) shape the firing and function of the hippocampal circuit. (eneuro.org)
Mossy cells of the dentate gyrus (DG) have been implicated in hippocampal circuits regulating pattern separation, an important function attributed to the DG. (eneuro.org)
A control injection into the medial septum-diagonal band complex also retrogradely labeled cells in the dentate hilus, but these neurons were found immediately adjacent to the heavily labeled CA3, while the tracer injections into the rostromedial tubercle did not reveal any labeling in CA3. (biomedcentral.com)
The dentate hilar neurons projecting to the olfactory tubercle cannot be considered displaced cells of CA3 but represent true dentato-tubercular projection neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
The sparse (Et01-36B, Fig. 1C ) to moderate (Et01-21B, Fig. 1A ) number of labeled cells in the dentate hilar region subjacent to the main injection site might be due to a retrogarde transport and/or a direct uptake of tracer substance. (biomedcentral.com)
Young dentate granule cells mediate pattern separation, whereas old granule cells facilitate pattern completion. (nature.com)
The proliferation and survival of new cells in the dentate gyrus of mammals is a complex process that is subject to numerous influences, presenting a confusing picture. (uni-bielefeld.de)
Hippocampal cell proliferation was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation, and BrdU-positive cells were counted in the dentate gyrus (DG) using confocal microscopy. (umn.edu)
Synaptic properties of SOM- and CCK-expressing cells in dentate gyrus interneuron networks. (coolled.com)
Nfix may suppress oligodendrocyte expression so cells remain committed to neuron development within the dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)

NMDA receptor- and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent synaptic plasticity induced by high frequency stimulation in the rat dentate gyrus in vitro. (semanticscholar.org)

We demonstrate here that under physiological conditions neurogenesis continues to occur in the dentate gyrus of senescent mice and can be stimulated by living in an enriched environment. (jneurosci.org)
As in mice, exercise was found to have a primary effect on dentate gyrus CBV, and the CBV changes were found to selectively correlate with cardiopulmonary and cognitive function. (nih.gov)
Exercise selectively increases dentate gyrus CBV in mice. (nih.gov)
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly used medications for mood and anxiety disorders, and adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus has been shown to be involved in the behavioral effects of SSRIs in mice. (bibsys.no)
During development, absence of TNR in constitutively TNR-deficient (TNR −/− ) mice results in increased numbers of dentate gyrus GABAergic neurons, decreased expression of its receptor β1 integrin, increased activation of p38 MAPK and increased expression of the GABAergic specification gene Ascl1 . (biologists.org)
In the present study, the role of CB in synaptic transmission and plasticity was further investigated using extracellular recordings of synaptic activity in cell- and dendritic layers of dentate gyrus (DG) and CA1 area in hippocampal slices from wild-type, heterozygous and homozygous CB knockout mice. (uu.nl)
In addition, the dentate gyrus (DG) of PV-Cre mice received bilateral injection of control lentivirus or lentivirus expressing double floxed hM3D-Gq-mCherry. (eurekaselect.com)

Reactive synaptogenesis assessed by synaptophysin immunoreactivity is associated with GAP-43 in the dentate gyrus of the adult rat. (semanticscholar.org)

Together, the results demonstrate that Zn2+ modulates MF-interneuron-GC communication and thus regulates information transfer to dentate and hippocampal networks. (bl.uk)
We have studied the perinatal and postnatal changes of the dentate gyrus (DG) interneuron populations at three rostrocaudal levels. (springer.com)

An in vivo correlate of exercise-induced neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. (nih.gov)
however, no in vivo research has reported whether ketamine could affect postnatal neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). (unboundmedicine.com)
In the present article we investigated the properties of CA1 and dentate gyrus cell precursors in adult rodents both in vivo and in vitro. (inserm.fr)
Therefore, the aim of the current study was to profile global miRNA expression in subregions of the dentate gyrus after LTP induction in vivo and investigate the functional significance of regulated miRNAs. (otago.ac.nz)
Beyond the insights gained by this consideration, we review the available literature on factors that regulate cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus in vivo. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The dentate gyrus was the only hippocampal subregion that showed a significant exercise effect, with CBV peaking at week 4, whereas the entorhinal cortex showed a nonsignificant increase in CBV. (nih.gov)
Firstly, multiphoton glutamate uncaging and dual recordings reveal that dentate granule cell dendritic properties are optimized for linear integration and strong attenuation of synaptic input from the entorhinal cortex. (maxplanckflorida.org)
The perforant pathway projection from layer II of the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal dentate gyrus is especially important for long-term memory formation, and is preferentially vulnerable to developing a degenerative tauopathy early in Alzheimer disease (AD) that may spread over time trans-synaptically. (operativeneurosurgery.com)

Busche A, Neddens J, Dinter C, Dawirs RR, Teuchert-Noodt G. Differential influence of rearing conditions and methamphetamine on serotonin fibre maturation in the dentate gyrus of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). (uni-bielefeld.de)
Differential influence of rearing conditions and methamphetamine on serotonin fibre maturation in the dentate gyrus of gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)", DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROSCIENCE , vol. 24, 2002, pp. 512-521. (uni-bielefeld.de)

The germinal matrices in the developing dentate gyrus are comp. (mysciencework.com)

Overall, dentate gyrus lesions significantly decreased the proliferation and survival of new neurons following treatment. (uncg.edu)

Most lateral views of the dentate gyrus may appear to suggest a structure consisting of just one entity, but medial movement may provide evidence of the ventral and dorsal parts of the dentate gyrus. (wikipedia.org)
it caps the posterior (ascending) end of the superior temporal sulcus, and it is just ventral to the supramarginal gyrus. (thefreedictionary.com)
A tongue-shaped gyrus that, at its anterior end (tip), abuts the parahippocampal gyrus on the under surface (ventral) of the occipital lobe. (thefreedictionary.com)
Analysis of ventral dentate gyrus from adults subjected to chronic corticosterone (CORT) to induce depression-like behaviors, followed by combined treatment of CORT and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine. (beds.ac.uk)

The results indicate that, in this model, a subpopulation of GAD mRNA-containing neurons within the dentate gyrus is selectively vulnerable to seizure-induced damage. (qxmd.com)

Disrupted dentate granule cell chloride regulation enhances synaptic excitability during development of temporal lobe epilepsy," Journal of Neuroscience , vol. 27, no. 51, pp. 14012-14022, 2007. (hindawi.com)
http://www.opensourcebrain.org/projects/dentate and I am trying to run it through the Neuroscience Gateway (NSG) Portal using NEURON7.3. (yale.edu)

It contains a cortex of three layers, with a single cell layer, that is part of the hippocampal formation, and it is folded inside the hippocampal sulcus, where it lies against the subicular edge of the parahippocampal gyrus. (thefreedictionary.com)
The gyrus fornicatus comprises the subcallosal gyrus, the cingulate gyrus, the retrosplenial area, the parahippocampal gyrus, and the uncus. (thefreedictionary.com)
Parahippocampal gyrus. (thefreedictionary.com)

Wild red foxes, proverbially cunning carnivores, are investigated for adult hippocampal neurogenesis and morphological characteristics of the dentate gyrus. (uzh.ch)

A large gyrus on the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere that lies directly above the corpus callosum and arches over its anterior end. (thefreedictionary.com)

Using an established algorithm, the expression values of the dentate gyrus were compared to the values of the macro/parent-structure, in this case the hippocampal region, for the purpose of extracting regionally selective gene expression data. (openaire.eu)

Granule cell hyperexcitability in the early post-traumatic rat dentate gyrus: the 'irritable mossy cell' hypothesis," Journal of Physiology , vol. 524, no. 1, pp. 117-134, 2000. (hindawi.com)

The analysis of the effects of EGF on organotypic cultures of hippocampal slices depicted similar features: BrdU and Nestin immunoreactivities increased after EGF treatment in CA1 but not in the dentate gyrus. (inserm.fr)

Effects of a brief high-frequency stimulation or a prolonged low-frequency stimulation in the presence and absence of nicotine were studied in thin transverse slices of the dentate gyrus prepared from the guinea pig. (nih.gov)

Anatomy26

Organisms9

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs30

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Psychiatry and Psychology11

Phenomena and Processes15

Disciplines and Occupations2

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Information Science1

Health Care1

NMDA-dependent currents in granule cells of the dentate gyrus contribute to induction but not permanence of kindling. (1/1453)

In vivo intracellular analysis of granule cell axon reorganization in epileptic rats. (2/1453)

Postnatal development of hippocampal dentate granule cell gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptor pharmacological properties. (3/1453)

Overexpression of a Shaker-type potassium channel in mammalian central nervous system dysregulates native potassium channel gene expression. (4/1453)

Modification of postsynaptic densities after transient cerebral ischemia: a quantitative and three-dimensional ultrastructural study. (5/1453)

On the mechanism of histaminergic inhibition of glutamate release in the rat dentate gyrus. (6/1453)

Quantal amplitude and quantal variance of strontium-induced asynchronous EPSCs in rat dentate granule neurons. (7/1453)

Recurrent mossy fiber pathway in rat dentate gyrus: synaptic currents evoked in presence and absence of seizure-induced growth. (8/1453)

Dentate Gyrus

Hippocampus

Perforant Pathway

Neurogenesis

Mossy Fibers, Hippocampal

Neurons

CA3 Region, Hippocampal

Parahippocampal Gyrus

Pilocarpine

Bromodeoxyuridine

Entorhinal Cortex

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Long-Term Potentiation

Neuronal Plasticity

Status Epilepticus

Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe

Brain

Kainic Acid

Synapses

Seizures

Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials

Memory

Brain Mapping

Cell Count

Maze Learning

Rats, Wistar

Neural Stem Cells

Interneurons

Synaptic Transmission

Kindling, Neurologic

Electric Stimulation

Neural Pathways

Immunohistochemistry

Temporal Lobe

Spatial Behavior

Nerve Tissue Proteins

S100 Calcium Binding Protein G

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Neural Inhibition

Animals, Newborn

Nerve Net

Calbindins

Cerebral Cortex

Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor

CA1 Region, Hippocampal

Evoked Potentials

Aging

Epilepsy

Behavior, Animal

Receptors, GABA-A

Cell Proliferation

Stem Cells

Image Processing, Computer-Assisted

Exploratory Behavior

Analysis of Variance

gamma-Aminobutyric Acid

Pyramidal Cells

Parvalbumins

Fluoxetine

Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein

Adult Stem Cells

Mice, Transgenic

Time Factors

Disease Models, Animal

Dendrites

Corticosterone

Limbic System

Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists

GABA Antagonists

Nestin

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Nerve Degeneration

Phosphopyruvate Hydratase

Antimetabolites

Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists

Electrophysiology

Neuropeptides

Frontal Lobe

Lateral Ventricles