The removal of contaminating material, such as radioactive materials, biological materials, or CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS, from a person or object.
Rendering pathogens harmless through the use of heat, antiseptics, antibacterial agents, etc.
The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.
Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)
The presence of an infectious agent on instruments, prostheses, or other inanimate articles.
Inorganic compounds that contain chlorine as an integral part of the molecule.
A highly caustic substance that is used to neutralize acids and make sodium salts. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Further or repeated use of equipment, instruments, devices, or materials. It includes additional use regardless of the original intent of the producer as to disposability or durability. It does not include the repeated use of fluids or solutions.
Water in its gaseous state. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Cationic bactericidal surfactant used as a topical antiseptic for skin, wounds, mucous membranes, instruments, etc.; and also as a component in mouthwash and lozenges.
It is used as an oxidizing and bleaching agent and as a disinfectant. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Medical procedure involving the emptying of contents in the stomach through the use of a tube inserted through the nose or mouth. It is performed to remove poisons or relieve pressure due to intestinal blockages or during surgery.
A tough, malleable, iron-based alloy containing up to, but no more than, two percent carbon and often other metals. It is used in medicine and dentistry in implants and instrumentation.
Radioactive air pollution refers to the presence and circulation of radioactive particles or gases in the atmosphere, originating from human activities such as nuclear power plant accidents, nuclear weapons testing, or improper disposal of radioactive waste, which can pose significant health risks to living organisms due to ionizing radiation exposure.
Nuclear power accident that occurred following the Tohoku-Kanto earthquake of March 11, 2011 in the northern region of Japan.
Equipment used to prevent contamination of and by patients, especially those with bacterial infections. This includes plastic surgical isolators and isolators used to protect immunocompromised patients.
The middle portion of the pharynx that lies posterior to the mouth, inferior to the SOFT PALATE, and superior to the base of the tongue and EPIGLOTTIS. It has a digestive function as food passes from the mouth into the oropharynx before entering ESOPHAGUS.
Provision of physical and biological barriers to the dissemination of potentially hazardous biologically active agents (bacteria, viruses, recombinant DNA, etc.). Physical containment involves the use of special equipment, facilities, and procedures to prevent the escape of the agent. Biological containment includes use of immune personnel and the selection of agents and hosts that will minimize the risk should the agent escape the containment facility.
The destruction of germs causing disease.
A strong dicarboxylic acid occurring in many plants and vegetables. It is produced in the body by metabolism of glyoxylic acid or ascorbic acid. It is not metabolized but excreted in the urine. It is used as an analytical reagent and general reducing agent.
An amorphous form of carbon prepared from the incomplete combustion of animal or vegetable matter, e.g., wood. The activated form of charcoal is used in the treatment of poisoning. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
An inflammatory process with loss of supporting bone in the tissues surrounding functioning DENTAL IMPLANTS.
Events that overwhelm the resources of local HOSPITALS and health care providers. They are likely to impose a sustained demand for HEALTH SERVICES rather than the short, intense peak customary with smaller scale disasters.
Radioactive substances which act as pollutants. They include chemicals whose radiation is released via radioactive waste, nuclear accidents, fallout from nuclear explosions, and the like.
The area of medicine concerned with the effects on health and disease due to geographic factors such as CLIMATE, environmental conditions, and geographic location.
Facilities that convert NUCLEAR ENERGY into electrical energy.
A group of organs stretching from the MOUTH to the ANUS, serving to breakdown foods, assimilate nutrients, and eliminate waste. In humans, the digestive system includes the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT and the accessory glands (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).
The planning of the furnishings and decorations of an architectural interior.
Respirators to protect individuals from breathing air contaminated with harmful dusts, fogs, fumes, mists, gases, smokes, sprays, or vapors.
An isomer of 1-PROPANOL. It is a colorless liquid having disinfectant properties. It is used in the manufacture of acetone and its derivatives and as a solvent. Topically, it is used as an antiseptic.
A disinfectant and topical anti-infective agent used also as mouthwash to prevent oral plaque.
Generally refers to the digestive structures stretching from the MOUTH to ANUS, but does not include the accessory glandular organs (LIVER; BILIARY TRACT; PANCREAS).
A bacteriophage genus of the family LEVIVIRIDAE, whose viruses contain the short version of the genome and have a separate gene for cell lysis.
Substances used on humans and other animals that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. They are distinguished from DISINFECTANTS, which are used on inanimate objects.
Tactical warfare using incendiary mixtures, smokes, or irritant, burning, or asphyxiating gases.
A condition or physical state produced by the ingestion, injection, inhalation of or exposure to a deleterious agent.
Agents counteracting or neutralizing the action of POISONS.
Barriers used to separate and remove PARTICULATE MATTER from air.
The presence of DNA from a source foreign to the sample being analysed.
Contamination of the air, bodies of water, or land with substances that are harmful to human health and the environment.
Programs of disease surveillance, generally within health care facilities, designed to investigate, prevent, and control the spread of infections and their causative microorganisms.
Pollutants, present in soil, which exhibit radioactivity.
Hand-held tools or implements used by health professionals for the performance of surgical tasks.
Branch of medicine involved with management and organization of public health response to disasters and major events including the special health and medical needs of a community in a disaster.
Uncontrolled release of radioactive material from its containment. This either threatens to, or does, cause exposure to a radioactive hazard. Such an incident may occur accidentally or deliberately.
The application of smoke, vapor, or gas for the purpose of disinfecting or destroying pests or microorganisms.
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Any infection which a patient contracts in a health-care institution.
Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.
A biocompatible, hydrophilic, inert gel that is permeable to tissue fluids. It is used as an embedding medium for microscopy, as a coating for implants and prostheses, for contact lenses, as microspheres in adsorption research, etc.
A liquid that functions as a strong oxidizing agent. It has an acrid odor and is used as a disinfectant.
The use of chemical agents in TERRORISM. This includes the malevolent use of nerve agents, blood agents, blister agents, and choking agents (NOXAE).
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UHF (ultrahigh frequency) radio waves and extending into the INFRARED RAYS frequencies.
Use of antibiotics before, during, or after a diagnostic, therapeutic, or surgical procedure to prevent infectious complications.
Efforts to prevent and control the spread of infections within dental health facilities or those involving provision of dental care.
An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species.
Elements, compounds, mixtures, or solutions that are considered severely harmful to human health and the environment. They include substances that are toxic, corrosive, flammable, or explosive.
Endoscopes used for examining the interior of the stomach.
The methyl homolog of parathion. An effective, but highly toxic, organothiophosphate insecticide and cholinesterase inhibitor.
Chemicals especially for use on instruments to destroy pathogenic organisms. (Boucher, Clinical Dental Terminology, 4th ed)

Solid-phase microextraction for cannabinoids analysis in hair and its possible application to other drugs. (1/260)

This paper describes the application of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) to cannabis testing in hair. Fifty milligrams of hair was washed with petroleum ether, hydrolyzed with NaOH, neutralized, deuterated internal standard was added and directly submitted to SPME. The SPME was analyzed by GC-MS. The limit of detection was 0.1 ng/mg for cannabinol (CBN) and delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and 0.2 ng/mg for cannabidiol (CBD). THC was detected in a range spanning from 0.1 to 0.7 ng/mg. CBD concentrations ranged from 0.7 to 14.1 ng/mg, and CBN concentrations ranged from 0.4 to 0.7 ng/mg. The effectiveness of different decontamination procedures was also studied on passively contaminated hair. The proposed method is also suitable for the analysis of methadone in hair; cocaine and cocaethylene can be detected in hair with SPME extraction after enzymatic hydrolysis.  (+info)

Gastric decontamination--a view for the millennium. (2/260)

The management of acute poisoning remains an important part of accident and emergency (A&E) care. Three gastric decontamination procedures have been widely used: gastric lavage, ipecac, and activated charcoal. Their role has recently been reviewed and position statements developed by working groups of the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology and the European Association of Poisons Centres and Clinical Toxicologists. These have important implications for A&E, as they indicate that activated charcoal is now the agent of choice for most poisons, but than in most situations it is probably only effective if given within an hour of overdose. Ipecac is effectively obsolete and gastric lavage has a narrow range of indications, principally for potentially serious amounts of agents not adsorbed by charcoal. Protocols for care of overdose patients should be modified accordingly.  (+info)

In vivo skin decontamination of methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI): soap and water ineffective compared to polypropylene glycol, polyglycol-based cleanser, and corn oil. (3/260)

In the home and workplace, decontamination of a chemical from skin is traditionally done with a soap-and-water wash, although some workplaces may have emergency showers. It has been assumed that these procedures are effective, yet workplace illness and even death occur from chemical contamination. Water, or soap and water, may not be the most effective means of skin decontamination, particularly for fat-soluble materials. This study was undertaken to help determine whether there are more effective means of removing methylene bisphenyl isocyanate (MDI), a potent contact sensitizer, from the skin. MDI is an industrial chemical for which skin decontamination, using traditional soap and water and nontraditional polypropylene glycol, a polyglycol-based cleanser (PG-C), and corn oil were all tried in vivo on the rhesus monkey, over 8 h. Water, alone and with soap (5% and 50% soap), were partially effective in the first h after exposure, removing 51-69% of the applied dose. However, decontamination fell to 40-52% at 4 h and 29-46% by 8 h. Thus, the majority of MDI was not removed by the traditional soap-and-water wash; skin tape stripping after washing confirmed that MDI was still on the skin. In contrast, polypropylene glycol, PG-C, and corn oil all removed 68-86% of the MDI in the first h, 74-79% at 4 h, and 72-86% at 8 h. Statistically, polypropylene glycol, PG-C, and corn oil were all better (p < 0.05) than soap and water at 4 and 8 h after dose application. These results indicate that a traditional soap-and-water wash and the emergency water shower are relatively ineffective at removing MDI from the skin. More effective decontamination procedures, as shown here, are available. These procedures are consistent with the partial miscibility of MDI in corn oil and polyglycols.  (+info)

Plasma jet takes off. (4/260)

Thanks to a series of joint research projects by Los Alamos National Laboratory, Beta Squared of Allen, Texas, and the University of California at Los Angeles, there is now a more environmentally sound method for cleaning semiconductor chips that may also be effective in cleaning up chemical, bacterial, and nuclear contaminants. The Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet uses a type of ionized gas called plasma to clean up contaminants by binding to them and lifting them away. In contrast to the corrosive acids and chemical solvents traditionally used to clean semiconductor chips, the jet oxidizes contaminants, producing only benign gaseous by-products such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. The new technology is also easy to transport, cleans thoroughly and quickly, and presents no hazards to its operators.  (+info)

Germicidal ultraviolet irradiation in air conditioning systems: effect on office worker health and wellbeing: a pilot study. (5/260)

OBJECTIVES: The indoor environment of modern office buildings represents a new ecosystem that has been created totally by humans. Bacteria and fungi may contaminate this indoor environment, including the ventilation systems themselves, which in turn may result in adverse health effects. The objectives of this study were to test whether installation and operation of germicidal ultraviolet (GUV) lights in central ventilation systems would be feasible, without adverse effects, undetected by building occupants, and effective in eliminating microbial contamination. METHODS: GUV lights were installed in the ventilation systems serving three floors of an office building, and were turned on and off during a total of four alternating 3 week blocks. Workers reported their environmental satisfaction, symptoms, as well as sickness absence, without knowledge of whether GUV lights were on or off. The indoor environment was measured in detail including airborne and surface bacteria and fungi. RESULTS: Airborne bacteria and fungi were not significantly different whether GUV lights were on or off, but were virtually eliminated from the surfaces of the ventilation system after 3 weeks of operation of GUV light. Of the other environmental variables measured, only total airborne particulates were significantly different under the two experimental conditions--higher with GUV lights on than off. Of 113 eligible workers, 104 (87%) participated; their environmental satisfaction ratings were not different whether GUV lights were on or off. Headache, difficulty concentrating, and eye irritation occurred less often with GUV lights on whereas skin rash or irritation was more common. Overall, the average number of work related symptoms reported was 1.1 with GUV lights off compared with 0.9 with GUV lights on. CONCLUSION: Installation and operation of GUV lights in central heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems of office buildings is feasible, cannot be detected by workers, and does not seem to result in any adverse effects.  (+info)

A national audit of the laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases within the United Kingdom. (6/260)

In order to audit United Kingdom laboratory diagnostic and reference services including novel molecular methods for tuberculosis, a questionnaire was sent to laboratories submitting specimens to the PHLS Mycobacterium Reference Unit (MRU) and regional centres and to the Scottish Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory (SMRL) in 1996-7. Nationally, 67.2% of laboratories responded. Most UK laboratories were fully or conditionally CPA accredited and take part in the NEQAS proficiency scheme. On average only 3.3% of primary samples submitted for mycobacterial diagnosis in 1995 produced a mycobacterial culture from approximately half as many patients (that is, a mean of 1488 specimens producing 49 isolates from 23 patients). Potentially over 380,000 specimens are processed for mycobacteria in the UK each year. The majority of laboratories use 4% NaOH +/- NALC for specimen decontamination. Culture on solid media was used by most laboratories and 62.9% also use liquid media. Most laboratories incubated cultures for eight weeks. Few laboratories use molecular diagnostic methods. Laboratories were most likely to use molecular methods for diagnosing tuberculous meningitis and for specimens from immunocompromised patients, although usage was strongly influenced by cost. Within England and Wales 43.9% (47/107) and 56% (61/109) of laboratories wanted a rapid service for rifampicin resistance detection in M tuberculosis from immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, respectively. In regard to a tuberculous meningitis service, 80.5% (43/112) and 84.3% (102/121) of laboratories wanted this service for immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, respectively. The quality of reference services was rated as "very good"/"good" by 85.6% of respondents nationally. Rapid molecular amplification diagnostic services were established at the PHLS MRU for rifampicin drug resistance detection nationally and for tuberculous meningitis at the MRU.  (+info)

The sources, fate, and toxicity of chemical warfare agent degradation products. (7/260)

We include in this review an assessment of the formation, environmental fate, and mammalian and ecotoxicity of CW agent degradation products relevant to environmental and occupational health. These parent CW agents include several vesicants: sulfur mustards [undistilled sulfur mustard (H), sulfur mustard (HD), and an HD/agent T mixture (HT)]; nitrogen mustards [ethylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN1), methylbis(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN2), tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN3)], and Lewisite; four nerve agents (O-ethyl S-[2-(diisopropylamino)ethyl] methylphosphonothioate (VX), tabun (GA), sarin (GB), and soman (GD)); and the blood agent cyanogen chloride. The degradation processes considered here include hydrolysis, microbial degradation, oxidation, and photolysis. We also briefly address decontamination but not combustion processes. Because CW agents are generally not considered very persistent, certain degradation products of significant persistence, even those that are not particularly toxic, may indicate previous CW agent presence or that degradation has occurred. Of those products for which there are data on both environmental fate and toxicity, only a few are both environmentally persistent and highly toxic. Major degradation products estimated to be of significant persistence (weeks to years) include thiodiglycol for HD; Lewisite oxide for Lewisite; and ethyl methyl phosphonic acid, methyl phosphonic acid, and possibly S-(2-diisopropylaminoethyl) methylphosphonothioic acid (EA 2192) for VX. Methyl phosphonic acid is also the ultimate hydrolysis product of both GB and GD. The GB product, isopropyl methylphosphonic acid, and a closely related contaminant of GB, diisopropyl methylphosphonate, are also persistent. Of all of these compounds, only Lewisite oxide and EA 2192 possess high mammalian toxicity. Unlike other CW agents, sulfur mustard agents (e.g., HD) are somewhat persistent; therefore, sites or conditions involving potential HD contamination should include an evaluation of both the agent and thiodiglycol.  (+info)

Gastric decontamination performed 5 min after the ingestion of temazepam, verapamil and moclobemide: charcoal is superior to lavage. (8/260)

AIMS: The aim was to study the efficacy of gastric lavage and activated charcoal in preventing the absorption of temazepam, verapamil and moclobemide when gastric decontamination was performed immediately after ingestion of the drugs. METHODS: Nine healthy volunteers took part in a randomized cross-over study with three phases. The subjects were administered single oral doses of 10 mg temazepam, 80 mg verapamil and 150 mg moclobemide. Five minutes later, they were assigned to one of the following treatments: 200 ml water (control), 25 g activated charcoal as a suspension in 200 ml water or gastric lavage. Plasma concentrations and the cumulative excretion into urine of the three drugs were determined up to 24 h. RESULTS: The mean AUC(0,24 h) of temazepam, verapamil and moclobemide was reduced by 95.2% (P < 0.01), 92.8% (P < 0.01) and 99. 7% (P < 0.01), respectively, by activated charcoal compared with control. Gastric lavage did not reduce significantly the AUC(0,24 h) of these drugs. The 24 h cumulative excretion of temazepam, verapamil and moclobemide into urine was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) by charcoal but not by gastric lavage. Charcoal reduced the AUC(0,24 h), Cmax and urinary excretion of all three drugs significantly more than lavage. CONCLUSIONS: Activated charcoal is very effective and gastric lavage can be rather ineffective in preventing the absorption of temazepam, verapamil and moclobemide when the treatment is given very rapidly after ingestion of the drugs, before tablet disintegration has occurred.  (+info)

Decontamination is the process of removing, inactivating or destroying harmful contaminants from a person, object, environment or substance. In a medical context, decontamination typically refers to the removal of pathogens, toxic chemicals, or radioactive substances from patients, equipment, or surfaces in order to prevent infection or illness.

There are different methods and techniques for decontamination depending on the type and extent of contamination. For example, mechanical cleaning (such as washing with soap and water), chemical disinfection (using antimicrobial agents), radiation sterilization (using ionizing radiation), and heat sterilization (using steam or dry heat) are some common methods used in medical settings to decontaminate surfaces, equipment, and supplies.

Decontamination is an important process in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and clinics, as well as in emergency response situations involving hazardous materials or bioterrorism incidents. Proper decontamination procedures can help prevent the spread of infectious diseases, reduce the risk of chemical or radiation exposure, and protect the health and safety of patients, healthcare workers, and the public.

Disinfection is the process of eliminating or reducing harmful microorganisms from inanimate objects and surfaces through the use of chemicals, heat, or other methods. The goal of disinfection is to reduce the number of pathogens to a level that is considered safe for human health. Disinfection is an important step in preventing the spread of infectious diseases in healthcare settings, food processing facilities, and other environments where there is a risk of infection transmission.

It's important to note that disinfection is not the same as sterilization, which is the complete elimination of all microorganisms, including spores. Disinfection is generally less effective than sterilization but is often sufficient for most non-critical surfaces and objects. The choice between disinfection and sterilization depends on the level of risk associated with the item or surface being treated and the intended use of that item or surface.

Sterilization, in a medical context, refers to the process of eliminating or removing all forms of microbial life, including fungi, bacteria, viruses, spores, and any other biological agents from a surface, object, or environment. This is typically achieved through various methods such as heat (using autoclaves), chemical processes, irradiation, or filtration.

In addition, sterilization can also refer to the surgical procedure that renders individuals unable to reproduce. This is often referred to as "permanent contraception" and can be performed through various methods such as vasectomy for men and tubal ligation for women. It's important to note that these procedures are typically permanent and not easily reversible.

Disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are applied to non-living objects to destroy or irreversibly inactivate microorganisms, but not necessarily their spores. They are different from sterilizers, which kill all forms of life, and from antiseptics, which are used on living tissue. Disinfectants work by damaging the cell wall or membrane of the microorganism, disrupting its metabolism, or interfering with its ability to reproduce. Examples of disinfectants include alcohol, bleach, hydrogen peroxide, and quaternary ammonium compounds. They are commonly used in hospitals, laboratories, and other settings where the elimination of microorganisms is important for infection control. It's important to use disinfectants according to the manufacturer's instructions, as improper use can reduce their effectiveness or even increase the risk of infection.

Equipment contamination in a medical context refers to the presence of harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi, on the surfaces of medical equipment or devices. This can occur during use, storage, or transportation of the equipment and can lead to the transmission of infections to patients, healthcare workers, or other individuals who come into contact with the contaminated equipment.

Equipment contamination can occur through various routes, including contact with contaminated body fluids, airborne particles, or environmental surfaces. To prevent equipment contamination and the resulting infection transmission, it is essential to follow strict infection control practices, such as regular cleaning and disinfection of equipment, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and proper handling and storage of medical devices.

Chlorine compounds refer to chemical substances that contain chlorine (Cl), which is a member of the halogen group in the periodic table. Chlorine is a highly reactive element that readily forms compounds with many other elements and molecules.

Chlorine compounds can be found in various forms, including inorganic and organic compounds. Inorganic chlorine compounds include salts of hydrochloric acid, such as sodium chloride (table salt), and chlorides of metals, such as copper chloride and silver chloride. Other inorganic chlorine compounds include chlorine gas (Cl2), hypochlorous acid (HClO), and chlorine dioxide (ClO2).

Organic chlorine compounds are those that contain carbon atoms bonded to chlorine atoms. Examples of organic chlorine compounds include chlorinated solvents, such as trichloroethylene and perchloroethylene, and pesticides, such as DDT and lindane.

Chlorine compounds have a wide range of uses in various industries, including water treatment, disinfection, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and manufacturing. However, some chlorine compounds can be harmful or toxic to humans and the environment, particularly if they are released into the air, water, or soil in large quantities. Therefore, it is essential to handle and dispose of chlorine compounds properly to minimize potential health and environmental risks.

Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda or lye, is a highly basic anhydrous metal hydroxide with the chemical formula NaOH. It is a white solid that is available in pellets, flakes, granules, or as a 50% saturated solution. Sodium hydroxide is produced in large quantities, primarily for the manufacture of pulp and paper, alcohols, textiles, soaps, detergents, and drain cleaners. It is used in many chemical reactions to neutralize acids and it is a strong bases that can cause severe burns and eye damage.

I cannot provide a medical definition for "equipment reuse" as it is not a term that is commonly used in the medical field. However, I can give you some general information about equipment reuse in healthcare settings.

Equipment reuse refers to the practice of using previously owned or disposable medical equipment and supplies multiple times after they have been sterilized or disinfected according to established protocols. This practice is often adopted by healthcare facilities as a way to reduce costs, conserve resources, and minimize waste.

Examples of medical equipment that may be reused include anesthesia breathing circuits, blood pressure cuffs, stethoscopes, and electronic thermometers. It's important to note that any reprocessed or reused medical equipment must undergo strict cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization procedures to ensure the safety of patients and healthcare workers.

Reusing medical equipment can have benefits such as reducing costs and waste, but it also carries risks if not done properly. Proper training and adherence to established protocols are crucial to ensuring that reused equipment is safe for use.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "steam" is not a medical term. It refers to water in its gaseous state, produced when water is heated to its boiling point. If you have any questions about a medical condition or treatment, please provide more context and I will do my best to help answer your question.

Cetylpyridinium is an antimicrobial compound that is commonly used in oral healthcare products such as mouthwashes, toothpastes, and lozenges. It works by disrupting the bacterial cell membrane, leading to the death of the microorganism. Cetylpyridinium has been shown to be effective against a variety of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, making it a popular ingredient in products designed to maintain oral hygiene and prevent infection.

The chemical name for cetylpyridinium is cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), and it has the molecular formula C16H37NClO. It is a cationic surfactant, which means that it contains positively charged ions that can interact with negatively charged bacterial cell membranes. This interaction disrupts the membrane's structure, leading to the leakage of cellular components and the death of the microorganism.

Cetylpyridinium is generally considered safe for use in oral healthcare products, although it can cause irritation in some people. It is important to follow the instructions on any product containing cetylpyridinium carefully, as overuse or improper use may lead to adverse effects. Additionally, it is always a good idea to consult with a healthcare professional before using any new medication or healthcare product, especially if you have any pre-existing medical conditions or are taking other medications.

Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the formula NaOCl. It is a pale greenish-yellow liquid that is highly reactive and unstable in its pure form. However, it is commonly available as a dilute aqueous solution known as bleach, which has the characteristic smell of chlorine.

In medical terms, sodium hypochlorite is widely used for its disinfectant and antiseptic properties. It is effective against a broad range of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores. Sodium hypochlorite solution is commonly used to disinfect surfaces, medical instruments, and wounds.

When applied to wounds or skin infections, sodium hypochlorite can help reduce bacterial load, promote healing, and prevent infection. It is also a component of some mouthwashes and toothpastes, where it helps to kill bacteria and freshen breath. However, it can be irritating to the skin and mucous membranes, so it should be used with caution and at appropriate concentrations.

Gastric lavage, also known as stomach pumping, is a medical procedure where the stomach's contents are emptied using a tube that is inserted through the mouth or nose and into the stomach. The tube is then connected to suction, which helps remove the stomach contents. This procedure is often used in emergency situations to treat poisonings or overdoses by removing the toxic substance before it gets absorbed into the bloodstream. It can also be used to empty the stomach before certain surgeries or procedures.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "steel" is not a medical term. It is a term used to describe an alloy made primarily of iron and carbon. If you have any medical questions or terms you would like defined, I'd be happy to help!

Radioactive air pollution refers to the presence of radioactive particles or radionuclides in the air. These substances emit ionizing radiation, which can be harmful to human health and the environment. Radioactive air pollution can come from a variety of sources, including nuclear power plants, nuclear weapons testing, industrial activities, and natural processes such as the decay of radon gas.

Exposure to radioactive air pollution can increase the risk of developing cancer and other diseases, particularly in cases of prolonged or high-level exposure. It is important to monitor and regulate radioactive air pollution to protect public health and ensure compliance with safety standards.

The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident refers to the series of equipment failures, nuclear meltdowns, and releases of radioactive materials at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant in Ōkuma, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan. It is considered the most significant nuclear incident since the Chernobyl disaster in 1986 and the second disaster (along with Chernobyl) to be given the Level 7 event classification of the International Nuclear Event Scale.

The accident was initiated by the tsunami following the Tōhoku earthquake on March 11, 2011. The tsunami disabled the power supply and cooling of three Fukushima Daiichi reactors, causing a nuclear meltdown that led to hydrogen-air explosions. Over 450,000 residents were evacuated from the surrounding area due to the high radioactive release.

The cleanup process is expected to take decades, with the plant's operator, Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), estimating that the complete decommissioning of the power plant will take around 40 years. The accident has had significant social and economic impacts on the region, including contamination of land and water, loss of homes and businesses, and long-term health effects for those exposed to radiation.

Patient isolators are specialized, controlled environments used in healthcare settings to prevent the spread of infectious agents or diseases from patients to healthcare workers and other patients. These isolators can be in the form of negative pressure rooms, glove boxes, or portable units that create a physical barrier between the patient and the environment. They are equipped with HEPA filters and airflow systems to ensure unidirectional airflow and prevent cross-contamination. Patient isolators are used for the care of patients with highly infectious diseases such as Ebola, tuberculosis, and other airborne infections.

The oropharynx is the part of the throat (pharynx) that is located immediately behind the mouth and includes the back one-third of the tongue, the soft palate, the side and back walls of the throat, and the tonsils. It serves as a passageway for both food and air, and is also an important area for the immune system due to the presence of tonsils.

Containment of biohazards refers to the measures and practices aimed at preventing the dissemination or escape of potentially infectious biological agents from a restricted area, such as a laboratory or healthcare facility. The goal is to protect both people and the environment from exposure to these harmful agents.

Biohazard containment typically involves the use of specialized equipment, facilities, and protocols designed to minimize the risk of infection or contamination. These may include:

1. Biological Safety Cabinets (BSCs): Enclosed laboratory workstations that use high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to contain aerosols generated during experiments involving biohazardous materials.
2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): The use of gloves, gowns, masks, face shields, or other protective garments to prevent direct contact with biohazardous agents.
3. Biosafety Levels: A classification system that categorizes laboratories based on the level of containment required for various types of biological research. These levels range from BSL-1 (minimal risk) to BSL-4 (high risk).
4. Decontamination Procedures: The use of chemical disinfectants, autoclaving, or incineration to inactivate and safely dispose of biohazardous waste materials.
5. Training and Education: Providing laboratory personnel with the necessary knowledge and skills to work safely with biohazardous agents, including proper handling techniques, emergency response procedures, and waste disposal methods.
6. Security Measures: Implementing access controls, surveillance systems, and other security measures to prevent unauthorized access to areas where biohazardous materials are stored or handled.

By following these containment strategies, researchers and healthcare professionals can help ensure the safe handling and management of potentially harmful biological agents while minimizing the risk of accidental exposure or release.

Antisepsis is the process of preventing or limiting the growth and reproduction of microorganisms (such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses) that can cause infection or disease. This is typically achieved through the use of antiseptic agents, which are substances that inhibit the growth of microorganisms when applied to living tissue or non-living material like surfaces.

Antiseptics work by either killing the microorganisms outright (bactericidal) or preventing them from reproducing and growing (bacteriostatic). They can be applied topically, in the form of creams, ointments, gels, sprays, or washes, to prevent infection in wounds, cuts, burns, or other types of skin damage. Antiseptics are also used in medical devices and equipment to maintain sterility and prevent cross-contamination during procedures.

Examples of antiseptic agents include alcohol, chlorhexidine, hydrogen peroxide, iodine, and povidone-iodine. The choice of antiseptic depends on the type of microorganism being targeted, the location and severity of the infection, and any potential adverse effects or interactions with other medications or medical conditions.

It's important to note that antisepsis is different from sterilization, which involves the complete destruction of all living organisms, including spores, using methods such as heat, radiation, or chemicals. Sterilization is typically used for surgical instruments and other medical equipment that come into direct contact with sterile tissues or bodily fluids during procedures.

Oxalic acid is not a medical term, but it is a chemical compound with the formula HOOC-COOH. It is a white crystalline solid that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. Medically, oxalic acid is relevant due to its presence in certain foods and its potential to form calcium oxalate stones in the kidneys when excreted in urine.

Hyperoxaluria is a medical condition characterized by increased levels of oxalate in the urine, which can lead to the formation of kidney stones. This condition can be caused by genetic factors or excessive intake of oxalate-rich foods such as spinach, rhubarb, and certain nuts and beans. In severe cases, it may require medical treatment to reduce oxalate levels in the body.

The medical definition of 'charcoal' is referred to as activated charcoal, which is a fine, black powder made from coconut shells, wood, or other natural substances. It is used in medical situations to absorb poison or drugs in the stomach, thereby preventing their absorption into the body and reducing their toxic effects. Activated charcoal works by binding to certain chemicals and preventing them from being absorbed through the digestive tract.

Activated charcoal is generally safe for most people when taken as directed, but it can cause side effects such as black stools, constipation, and regurgitation of the charcoal. It should be used under medical supervision and not as a substitute for seeking immediate medical attention in case of poisoning or overdose.

It's important to note that activated charcoal is different from regular charcoal, which is not safe to consume and can contain harmful chemicals or substances.

Peri-implantitis is a medical term used to describe the inflammatory condition that affects the soft and hard tissues surrounding dental implants, leading to their progressive loss. It's characterized by an infection that causes inflammation in the gums and potentially in the bone around the implant.

The primary cause of peri-implantitis is bacterial biofilm accumulation, similar to what leads to periodontal disease around natural teeth. Other factors contributing to its development can include poor oral hygiene, smoking, diabetes, and genetic predisposition.

Symptoms may include redness, swelling, bleeding, and pus formation in the gums around the implant, as well as pain, mobility, or even loss of the affected dental implant if left untreated. Treatment options vary depending on the severity of the condition but often involve mechanical debridement, antibiotic therapy, and possible surgical intervention to regenerate lost tissue.

A Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) is a situation in which the number of injured or deceased individuals exceeds the local resources available to respond and manage the incident. It typically involves multiple victims, often resulting from natural disasters, transportation accidents, terrorist attacks, or industrial incidents. The severity and scale of injuries require additional resources, coordination, and response from regional, national, or international emergency management and healthcare systems.

Radioactive pollutants are defined as any harmful radioactive substances that are discharged into the environment and pose risks to human health and the ecosystem. These pollutants can be in the form of gases, liquids, or solids and can contaminate air, water, and soil. They originate from various sources such as nuclear power plants, medical facilities, industrial operations, and military activities.

Radioactive pollutants emit ionizing radiation, which can cause damage to living cells and DNA, leading to genetic mutations, cancer, and other health problems. Exposure to high levels of radioactivity can result in acute radiation sickness, including symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and fever. Long-term exposure to low levels of radiation can increase the risk of developing cancer and other diseases over time.

Radioactive pollutants can also have negative impacts on the environment, contaminating soil and water and reducing biodiversity in affected areas. They can persist in the environment for long periods, making it difficult to clean up and remediate contaminated sites. Therefore, proper management and regulation of radioactive materials are essential to prevent their release into the environment and protect public health and the environment.

Medical geography, also known as health geography, is a branch of both human and physical geography that focuses on the spatial aspects of health and disease. It is an interdisciplinary field that incorporates concepts from epidemiology, medical sociology, public health, and health services research to examine the distribution, determinants, and patterns of health and disease in human populations.

Medical geographers study a variety of topics related to health, including environmental hazards, access to healthcare, infectious diseases, chronic conditions, and health disparities. They use spatial analysis techniques, such as geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial statistics, to map and analyze the geographical patterns of health outcomes and determinants.

Medical geography has important applications in public health policy and planning, including identifying areas with high rates of disease or limited access to healthcare, developing targeted interventions to address health disparities, and evaluating the effectiveness of public health programs.

I believe there might be some confusion in your question. "Nuclear power plants" and "medical definitions" are two separate concepts that don't typically intersect.

A nuclear power plant is a facility that utilizes the process of nuclear fission to generate electricity on a large scale. In a nuclear power plant, heat is produced when a neutron strikes the nucleus of a uranium-235 atom, causing it to split and release energy. This heat is used to produce steam, which drives a turbine connected to an electrical generator.

On the other hand, medical definitions pertain to terms related to medicine, healthcare, human health conditions, treatments, and procedures.

If you have any questions about nuclear medicine, which is a branch of medicine that uses small amounts of radioactive materials to diagnose and treat various diseases, I would be happy to help with that.

The digestive system is a complex group of organs and glands that process food. It converts the food we eat into nutrients, which the body uses for energy, growth, and cell repair. The digestive system also eliminates waste from the body. It is made up of the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and other organs that help the body break down and absorb food.

The GI tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus. Other organs that are part of the digestive system include the liver, pancreas, gallbladder, and salivary glands.

The process of digestion begins in the mouth, where food is chewed and mixed with saliva. The food then travels down the esophagus and into the stomach, where it is broken down further by stomach acids. The digested food then moves into the small intestine, where nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. The remaining waste material passes into the large intestine, where it is stored until it is eliminated through the anus.

The liver, pancreas, and gallbladder play important roles in the digestive process as well. The liver produces bile, a substance that helps break down fats in the small intestine. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digest proteins, carbohydrates, and fats. The gallbladder stores bile until it is needed in the small intestine.

Overall, the digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. It plays a critical role in maintaining our health and well-being.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Interior Design and Furnishings" is not a term that has a medical definition. Interior design refers to the planning, designing, and coordinating of spaces in residential, commercial, or industrial buildings to create functional and aesthetically pleasing environments. This can include selecting colors, furniture, lighting, flooring, and other decorative materials. Furnishings generally refer to the items such as furniture, curtains, rugs, and other decorative elements that are used to make a space comfortable and attractive.

If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!

Respiratory Protective Devices (RPDs) are personal protective equipment items designed to protect the user from inhalation of hazardous substances or harmful levels of airborne contaminants in the environment. These devices create a physical barrier between the user's respiratory system and the surrounding air, filtering out or purifying the air before it is breathed in.

RPDs can be categorized into two main types:

1. **Air-purifying Respirators (APRs):** These devices use filters, cartridges, or canisters to remove contaminants from the surrounding air. They are further divided into several subcategories, including filtering facepiece respirators, half-mask elastomeric respirators, full-facepiece elastomeric respirators, and powered air-purifying respirators (PAPRs).
2. **Supplied-Air Respirators (SARs):** These devices deliver clean breathing air from an external source, either through a compressor or compressed air cylinder. They are further divided into two subcategories: self-contained breathing apparatuses (SCBAs) and supplied-air respirators with escape provisions.

The choice of RPD depends on the nature and concentration of the airborne contaminants, the user's physiological and psychological capabilities, and the work environment. Proper selection, fitting, use, maintenance, and training are crucial to ensure the effectiveness and safety of Respiratory Protective Devices.

2-Propanol is a type of alcohol, also known as isopropanol or isopropyl alcohol. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a characteristic odor. 2-Propanol is miscible with water and most organic solvents.

It is commonly used as a solvent and as an antiseptic or disinfectant, due to its ability to denature proteins and disrupt microbial cell membranes. In medical settings, 2-Propanol is often used as a skin sanitizer or hand rub to reduce the number of microorganisms on the skin.

Ingestion or prolonged exposure to 2-Propanol can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract, and may lead to central nervous system depression, nausea, vomiting, and other symptoms. It is important to handle 2-Propanol with care and follow appropriate safety precautions when using it.

Chlorhexidine is an antimicrobial agent used for its broad-spectrum germicidal properties. It is effective against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is commonly used as a surgical scrub, hand sanitizer, and healthcare disinfectant. Chlorhexidine is available in various forms, including solutions, gels, and sprays. It works by disrupting the microbial cell membrane, leading to the death of the organism. It is also used in mouthwashes and skin cleansers for its antimicrobial effects.

The gastrointestinal (GI) tract, also known as the digestive tract, is a continuous tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus. It is responsible for ingesting, digesting, absorbing, and excreting food and waste materials. The GI tract includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum, anus), and accessory organs such as the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The primary function of this system is to process and extract nutrients from food while also protecting the body from harmful substances, pathogens, and toxins.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Levivirus" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. It is actually a type of small, icosahedral, single-stranded RNA virus that infects bacteria. They are also known as "Leviviridae" and are studied in the field of virology, not typically in medical practice. If you have any questions about bacteriophages or other types of viruses that might be more medically relevant, I'd be happy to help with those!

Anti-infective agents, local, are medications that are applied directly to a specific area of the body to prevent or treat infections caused by bacteria, fungi, viruses, or parasites. These agents include topical antibiotics, antifungals, antivirals, and anti-parasitic drugs. They work by killing or inhibiting the growth of the infectious organisms, thereby preventing their spread and reducing the risk of infection. Local anti-infective agents are often used to treat skin infections, eye infections, and other localized infections, and can be administered as creams, ointments, gels, solutions, or drops.

Chemical warfare is the use of chemicals in military conflict to incapacitate, injure, or kill enemy personnel or destroy equipment and resources. It involves the employment of toxic gases, liquids, or solids that have harmful effects on humans, animals, or plants. Chemical weapons can cause a wide range of symptoms, from temporary discomfort to permanent disability or death, depending on the type and amount of chemical used, as well as the duration and route of exposure.

Chemical warfare agents are classified into several categories based on their primary effects:

1. Nerve agents: These chemicals inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, which is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Examples include sarin, tabun, soman, and VX. Exposure to nerve agents can cause symptoms such as muscle twitching, convulsions, respiratory failure, and death.
2. Blister agents: Also known as vesicants, these chemicals cause severe blistering and burns to the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Mustard gas is a well-known example of a blister agent. Exposure can lead to temporary or permanent blindness, respiratory problems, and scarring.
3. Choking agents: These chemicals cause damage to the lungs and respiratory system by irritating and inflaming the airways. Phosgene and chlorine are examples of choking agents. Symptoms of exposure include coughing, wheezing, shortness of breath, and potentially fatal lung edema.
4. Blood agents: These chemicals interfere with the body's ability to transport oxygen in the blood, leading to asphyxiation. Cyanide is a common example of a blood agent. Exposure can cause rapid heart rate, dizziness, headache, seizures, and death due to lack of oxygen.
5. Incapacitating agents: These chemicals are designed to temporarily disable or disorient enemy personnel without causing serious harm or death. Examples include riot control agents such as tear gas (CS) and pepper spray (OC). Exposure can cause symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, tears, and temporary blindness.

The use of chemical weapons in warfare is prohibited by several international treaties, including the Geneva Protocol and the Chemical Weapons Convention. Despite these bans, there have been numerous instances of their use throughout history, most notably during World War I and more recently in Syria's ongoing civil war.

Poisoning is defined medically as the harmful, sometimes fatal, effect produced by a substance when it is introduced into or absorbed by living tissue. This can occur through various routes such as ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption through the skin. The severity of poisoning depends on the type and amount of toxin involved, the route of exposure, and the individual's age, health status, and susceptibility. Symptoms can range from mild irritation to serious conditions affecting multiple organs, and may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, seizures, or unconsciousness. Immediate medical attention is required in cases of poisoning to prevent severe health consequences or death.

An antidote is a substance that can counteract the effects of a poison or toxin. It works by neutralizing, reducing, or eliminating the harmful effects of the toxic substance. Antidotes can be administered in various forms such as medications, vaccines, or treatments. They are often used in emergency situations to save lives and prevent serious complications from poisoning.

The effectiveness of an antidote depends on several factors, including the type and amount of toxin involved, the timing of administration, and the individual's response to treatment. In some cases, multiple antidotes may be required to treat a single poisoning incident. It is important to note that not all poisons have specific antidotes, and in such cases, supportive care and symptomatic treatment may be necessary.

Examples of common antidotes include:

* Naloxone for opioid overdose
* Activated charcoal for certain types of poisoning
* Digoxin-specific antibodies for digoxin toxicity
* Fomepizole for methanol or ethylene glycol poisoning
* Dimercaprol for heavy metal poisoning.

Air filters are devices used to remove contaminants and impurities from the air. They work by trapping particles that flow through them, such as dust, pollen, mold spores, and bacteria. Air filters are often used in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems to improve indoor air quality. They can also be found in portable air cleaners and vacuum cleaners.

Air filters are typically made of a porous material such as fiberglass, cotton, or paper, which is designed to trap particles of different sizes. The efficiency of an air filter is measured by its Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) rating, which ranges from 1 to 16, with higher ratings indicating better filtration performance.

Medical-grade air filters, such as High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filters, are designed to remove at least 99.97% of particles that are 0.3 microns or larger in diameter. These filters are commonly used in hospitals and medical facilities to help prevent the spread of infectious diseases.

DNA contamination refers to the unintended presence of extraneous DNA in a sample or experimental setup that can interfere with the accuracy and interpretation of the results. This can occur at various stages, including during sample collection, storage, extraction, amplification, or analysis. It is crucial to avoid DNA contamination in molecular biology research, genetic testing, and forensic science to prevent false positive or negative results. Common sources of DNA contamination include skin cells, hair, bodily fluids, microorganisms, reagents, and previous samples. Specific measures must be taken to minimize the risk of DNA contamination, such as using dedicated equipment, maintaining clean laboratory conditions, and implementing rigorous quality control procedures.

Environmental pollution is the introduction or presence of harmful substances, energies, or objects in the environment that can cause adverse effects on living organisms and ecosystems. These pollutants can be in the form of chemical, physical, or biological agents that contaminate air, water, soil, or noise levels, exceeding safe limits established by environmental regulations.

Examples of environmental pollution include:

1. Air pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the air that can cause respiratory and other health problems.
2. Water pollution: Contamination of water sources with chemicals, heavy metals, pathogens, or other pollutants that can harm aquatic life and make the water unsafe for human consumption or recreational use.
3. Soil pollution: The presence of harmful substances such as heavy metals, pesticides, and industrial waste in soil that can reduce soil fertility, contaminate crops, and pose a risk to human health.
4. Noise pollution: Excessive noise levels from transportation, industrial activities, or other sources that can cause stress, sleep disturbances, and hearing loss in humans and animals.
5. Light pollution: The excessive use of artificial light that can disrupt ecosystems, affect human circadian rhythms, and contribute to energy waste.

Environmental pollution is a significant global health issue that requires urgent attention and action from governments, industries, and individuals to reduce pollutant emissions, promote sustainable practices, and protect the environment for future generations.

'Infection Control' is a set of practices, procedures, and protocols designed to prevent the spread of infectious agents in healthcare settings. It includes measures to minimize the risk of transmission of pathogens from both recognized and unrecognized sources, such as patients, healthcare workers, visitors, and the environment.

Infection control strategies may include:

* Hand hygiene (handwashing and use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers)
* Use of personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, masks, gowns, and eye protection
* Respiratory etiquette, including covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
* Environmental cleaning and disinfection
* Isolation precautions for patients with known or suspected infectious diseases
* Immunization of healthcare workers
* Safe injection practices
* Surveillance and reporting of infections and outbreaks

The goal of infection control is to protect patients, healthcare workers, and visitors from acquiring and transmitting infections.

Radioactive soil pollutants refer to radioactive substances that contaminate and negatively impact the chemical, physical, and biological properties of soil. These pollutants can arise from various sources such as nuclear accidents, industrial activities, agricultural practices, and military testing. They include radionuclides such as uranium, plutonium, cesium-137, and strontium-90, among others.

Exposure to radioactive soil pollutants can have serious health consequences for humans and other living organisms. Direct contact with contaminated soil can result in radiation exposure, while ingestion or inhalation of contaminated soil particles can lead to internal radiation exposure. This can increase the risk of cancer, genetic mutations, and other health problems.

Radioactive soil pollutants can also have negative impacts on the environment, such as reducing soil fertility, disrupting ecosystems, and contaminating water sources. Therefore, it is essential to monitor and regulate radioactive soil pollution to protect human health and the environment.

Surgical instruments are specialized tools or devices that are used by medical professionals during surgical procedures to assist in various tasks such as cutting, dissecting, grasping, holding, retracting, clamping, and suturing body tissues. These instruments are designed to be safe, precise, and effective, with a variety of shapes, sizes, and materials used depending on the specific surgical application. Some common examples of surgical instruments include scalpels, forceps, scissors, hemostats, retractors, and needle holders. Proper sterilization and maintenance of these instruments are crucial to ensure patient safety and prevent infection.

Disaster medicine is a branch of medical science that deals with the prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery from disasters, including natural disasters (such as earthquakes, hurricanes, and floods), technological disasters (such as chemical spills and radiation exposure), and human-made disasters (such as terrorism and mass shootings). It involves a multidisciplinary approach that includes medical and public health professionals, emergency responders, and other stakeholders working together to provide effective medical care and support to affected populations during and after a disaster. The goal of disaster medicine is to minimize the impact of disasters on human health and well-being, reduce morbidity and mortality, and promote resilience in communities.

A "Radioactive Hazard Release" is defined in medical and environmental health terms as an uncontrolled or accidental release of radioactive material into the environment, which can pose significant risks to human health and the ecosystem. This can occur due to various reasons such as nuclear accidents, improper handling or disposal of radioactive sources, or failure of radiation-generating equipment.

The released radioactive materials can contaminate air, water, and soil, leading to both external and internal exposure pathways. External exposure occurs through direct contact with the skin or by inhaling radioactive particles, while internal exposure happens when radioactive substances are ingested or inhaled and become deposited within the body.

The health effects of radioactive hazard release depend on several factors, including the type and amount of radiation released, the duration and intensity of exposure, and the sensitivity of the exposed individuals. Potential health impacts range from mild radiation sickness to severe diseases such as cancer and genetic mutations, depending on the level and length of exposure.

Prompt identification, assessment, and management of radioactive hazard releases are crucial to minimize potential health risks and protect public health.

Fumigation is not typically considered a medical term, but it does have relevance to public health and environmental medicine. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), fumigation is defined as "the treatment of a building or commodity by introducing a gaseous pesticide (fumigant) in sufficient concentration to kill all stages of pests present."

Fumigation is used to control pests, such as insects, rodents, and other organisms that can cause harm to human health, property, or the environment. It is commonly used in agriculture to protect stored commodities from pests during transportation and storage. In addition, fumigation may be used in public health to disinfect buildings, equipment, and other items that have been infested with pests, such as bed bugs, cockroaches, or termites.

Fumigants are toxic gases that can cause harm to humans and animals if not handled properly. Therefore, fumigation should only be carried out by trained professionals who follow strict safety protocols to protect people, pets, and the environment from exposure.

A "colony count" is a method used to estimate the number of viable microorganisms, such as bacteria or fungi, in a sample. In this technique, a known volume of the sample is spread onto the surface of a solid nutrient medium in a petri dish and then incubated under conditions that allow the microorganisms to grow and form visible colonies. Each colony that grows on the plate represents an individual cell (or small cluster of cells) from the original sample that was able to divide and grow under the given conditions. By counting the number of colonies that form, researchers can make a rough estimate of the concentration of microorganisms in the original sample.

The term "microbial" simply refers to microscopic organisms, such as bacteria, fungi, or viruses. Therefore, a "colony count, microbial" is a general term that encompasses the use of colony counting techniques to estimate the number of any type of microorganism in a sample.

Colony counts are used in various fields, including medical research, food safety testing, and environmental monitoring, to assess the levels of contamination or the effectiveness of disinfection procedures. However, it is important to note that colony counts may not always provide an accurate measure of the total number of microorganisms present in a sample, as some cells may be injured or unable to grow under the conditions used for counting. Additionally, some microorganisms may form clusters or chains that can appear as single colonies, leading to an overestimation of the true cell count.

Cross infection, also known as cross-contamination, is the transmission of infectious agents or diseases between patients in a healthcare setting. This can occur through various means such as contaminated equipment, surfaces, hands of healthcare workers, or the air. It is an important concern in medical settings and measures are taken to prevent its occurrence, including proper hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), environmental cleaning and disinfection, and safe injection practices.

Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.

Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate (PHEMA) is not a medical term itself, but a chemical compound that is used in various medical and biomedical applications. Therefore, I will provide you with a chemical definition of PHEMA:

Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate (PHEMA) is a type of synthetic hydrogel, which is a cross-linked polymer network with the ability to absorb and retain significant amounts of water or biological fluids. It is made by polymerizing the methacrylate monomer, hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), in the presence of a crosslinking agent. The resulting PHEMA material has excellent biocompatibility, making it suitable for various medical applications such as contact lenses, drug delivery systems, artificial cartilage, and wound dressings.

Peracetic acid (PAA) is not a medical term per se, but it is widely used in the medical field as a disinfectant and sterilant. Medically, it's often used for high-level disinfection of medical devices and equipment, especially those that are heat-sensitive or cannot be sterilized using traditional methods like steam sterilization.

Peracetic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CO3H. It's a colorless liquid with a pungent, acrid smell, similar to that of acetic acid (vinegar). In solution, it's a strong oxidizing agent and can effectively kill bacteria, viruses, fungi, and spores.

It's important to note that peracetic acid should be used with caution due to its potential irritant effects on the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Proper handling and use according to manufacturer instructions are essential to ensure safety and effectiveness.

Chemical terrorism is the use or threatened use of chemicals, typically in the form of toxic gases or liquids, with the intent to cause harm, death, disruption, or fear among a population. This type of terrorism falls under the broader category of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and can pose significant risks to public health and safety. Chemical agents used in terrorist attacks can range from industrial chemicals that are easily accessible, such as chlorine and ammonia, to more sophisticated and deadly nerve agents like sarin and VX. The effects of chemical terrorism can be immediate and catastrophic, causing mass casualties and long-term health consequences for survivors. Preparation, response, and recovery efforts require a coordinated effort among local, state, and federal agencies, as well as the medical community, to effectively mitigate the impact of such attacks.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "microwaves" is not a term typically used in medical definitions. Microwaves are a form of electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from one meter to one millimeter; they are commonly used in communication devices and home appliances such as microwave ovens. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, please provide more context so I can give you a more accurate response.

Antibiotic prophylaxis refers to the use of antibiotics to prevent infection from occurring in the first place, rather than treating an existing infection. This practice is commonly used before certain medical procedures or surgeries that have a high risk of infection, such as joint replacements, heart valve surgery, or organ transplants. The goal of antibiotic prophylaxis is to reduce the risk of infection by introducing antibiotics into the body before bacteria have a chance to multiply and cause an infection.

The choice of antibiotic for prophylaxis depends on several factors, including the type of procedure being performed, the patient's medical history and allergies, and the most common types of bacteria that can cause infection in that particular situation. The antibiotic is typically given within one hour before the start of the procedure, and may be continued for up to 24 hours afterward, depending on the specific guidelines for that procedure.

It's important to note that antibiotic prophylaxis should only be used when it is truly necessary, as overuse of antibiotics can contribute to the development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, the decision to use antibiotic prophylaxis should be made carefully and in consultation with a healthcare provider.

'Infection Control, Dental' refers to the practices and procedures implemented in dental settings to prevent the transmission of infectious agents from person to person, or from contaminated instruments, equipment, or environmental surfaces to patients or dental personnel. It includes a range of measures such as hand hygiene, use of personal protective equipment (e.g., gloves, masks, eyewear), sterilization and disinfection of instruments and equipment, safe injection practices, and environmental cleaning and disinfection. The goal of infection control in dentistry is to eliminate or minimize the risk of infectious diseases, such as HIV, hepatitis B and C, and tuberculosis, among others, being transmitted in dental settings.

Tobramycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic used to treat various types of bacterial infections. According to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terminology of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), the medical definition of Tobramycin is:

"A semi-synthetic modification of the aminoglycoside antibiotic, NEOMYCIN, that retains its antimicrobial activity but has less nephrotoxic and neurotoxic side effects. Tobramycin is used in the treatment of serious gram-negative infections, especially Pseudomonas infections in patients with cystic fibrosis."

Tobramycin works by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacterial cells, inhibiting protein synthesis and ultimately leading to bacterial cell death. It is commonly used to treat severe infections caused by susceptible strains of gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, and Enterobacter species.

Tobramycin is available in various formulations, such as injectable solutions, ophthalmic ointments, and inhaled powder for nebulization. The choice of formulation depends on the type and location of the infection being treated. As with any antibiotic, it's essential to use Tobramycin appropriately and under medical supervision to minimize the risk of antibiotic resistance and potential side effects.

Hazardous substances, in a medical context, refer to agents that pose a risk to the health of living organisms. These can include chemicals, biological agents (such as bacteria or viruses), and physical hazards (like radiation). Exposure to these substances can lead to a range of adverse health effects, from acute symptoms like irritation and poisoning to chronic conditions such as cancer, neurological disorders, or genetic mutations.

The classification and regulation of hazardous substances are often based on their potential for harm, the severity of the associated health risks, and the conditions under which they become dangerous. These assessments help inform safety measures, exposure limits, and handling procedures to minimize risks in occupational, environmental, and healthcare settings.

A gastroscope is a type of endoscope that is used to examine the inside of the stomach. It is a long, thin, flexible tube with a light and camera at the end, which allows doctors to view the lining of the stomach in detail on a screen. Gastroscopes are commonly used to diagnose and monitor conditions such as gastritis, ulcers, and stomach cancer. They can also be used to take tissue samples for biopsy or to perform certain treatments, such as removing polyps or cauterizing bleeding vessels.

Methyl parathion is an organophosphate insecticide and acaricide. It functions by inhibiting the enzyme cholinesterase, which leads to an accumulation of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, causing nervous system excitation and ultimately damage or death in insects. However, it can also have toxic effects on mammals, including humans, if ingested, inhaled, or absorbed through the skin. It is classified as a highly hazardous pesticide by the World Health Organization (WHO) and its use is restricted or banned in many countries due to its high toxicity and environmental persistence.

Dental disinfectants are antimicrobial agents that are used to inactivate or destroy microorganisms present on dental instruments, equipment, and surfaces in order to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. These disinfectants are intended to reduce the number of pathogens to a level that is considered safe and poses minimal risk of infection.

Dental disinfectants can be classified based on their spectrum of activity, which ranges from low-level disinfectants that are effective against vegetative bacteria, fungi, and viruses, to high-level disinfectants that also inactivate bacterial spores. The choice of a particular dental disinfectant depends on the intended use, the level of contamination, and the type of microorganisms present.

It is important to follow the manufacturer's instructions for use, including the recommended contact time, concentration, and method of application, to ensure the effectiveness of dental disinfectants. Additionally, proper handling, storage, and disposal of these agents are essential to prevent harm to patients, staff, and the environment.

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... reduces concerns associated with cold weather decontamination while also speeding up the decontamination ... Dry decontamination is a relatively recent method of decontamination and is especially useful in cold weather conditions, or ... Dry decontamination reduces the size and manpower requirements of the decontamination line and eliminates the need to purchase ... Large-scale decontamination often involves civilians who, unlike soldiers and responders, are not trained in decontamination ...
... decon systems qüb9 Environmental - Manufacturer of container-based mobile, deployable human decontamination, decon platforms ( ... Mass decontamination is the decontamination of large numbers of people. The ACI World Aviation Security Standing Committee ... Mass Decontamination, Personal Decontamination Systems and Equipment Airshelter - ACD, manufacturer of mobile, rapid deployment ... Hospital decontamination is a component of the Hospital Incident Command System and is required in the standards set forth by ...
... (known commonly as decon foam) is a spray-on cleaning solution used on surfaces that have been ... Decon foam often comes in multiple bottles, that, when mixed, combine to form the decontamination solution. The bottles should ... Decontamination foams can have varying levels of effectiveness depending on the decon foam, the type of contaminating agent, ... to decon an entire planeload of people who might be victims of a nuclear, chemical, or biological agent release Decontamination ...
... (abbreviated mass decon) is the decontamination of large numbers of people, in the event of industrial, ... Mass decontamination is performed by way of decontamination tents, trailers, or fixed facilities. Most hospitals and airports ... Therefore, mass decontamination may require police, security, or rescue supervision to help control panic and keep order. Under ... Successful municipal decontaminations are greatly aided by a close collaboration between police and fire departments. An ...
Surfactant leaching is a method of water and soil decontamination, e.g., for oil recovery in petroleum industry. It involves ...
An effluent decontamination system (EDS) is a device, or suite of devices, designed to decontaminate or sterilise biologically ... For smaller scale systems of less than 100 gallons a day, chemical effluent decontamination systems can be used. Effluent is ... Trembalay, Gilles; Langer-Curry, Rebecca; Chris, Kiley; Cory, Ziegler (2010). "Effluent Decontamination Systems: Addressing the ... Trembalay, Gilles; Langer-Curry, Rebecca; Chris, Kiley; Cory, Ziegler (2010). "Effluent Decontamination Systems: Addressing the ...
... (SDD) is a process used on intensive care units to reduce the occurrence of infections in ... L Silvestri; H K F van Saene (2012). "Selective decontamination of the digestive tract: an update of the evidence". HSR Proc ... A related treatment (selective oropharyngeal decontamination, SOD) consists of the same antibiotics but only to remove bacteria ... Plantinga NL, Bonten MJ (24 Jun 2015). "Selective decontamination and antibiotic resistance in ICUs". Crit Care. 19 (1): 259. ...
The UK Government Decontamination Service (sometimes written without the UK prefix or abbreviated to GDS) is an organisation ... The UK Government Decontamination Service's functions revolve around it ensuring that the country is prepared for CBRN and ... "Government Decontamination Service (GDS)". Parliamentary Debates (Hansard). House of Commons. 25 January 2005. col. 10WS. ... Throughout 2003 and 2004, national guidance on the decontamination of both people and the environment was published by DEFRA. ...
The Centre for Cultural Decontamination (Serbian: Центар за културну деконтаминацију, Centar za kulturnu dekontaminaciju) is an ... these centers for decontamination, where I ask the question of who has the right to put oneself in the role of some ... The Center for Cultural Decontamination, Belgrade". Mapping Conversations Issue 2. Cabinet Magazine. Retrieved 27 May 2014. ...
The following year, Decon licensed RJD2's "A Beautiful Mine" as the theme song for the AMC show Mad Men. That year, Decon ... Decon Records is an independent record label that is a division of Decon. It got its start releasing underground hip-hop ... In 2013, Decon Records was noted as one of Billboard's 50 Best Independent Labels in America. Decon Records began by ... Wolfe, Jennifer (March 20, 2012). "Misha Louy Partners with Decon as Executive Producer". AWN. "Decon Keeps Rolling with Sacha ...
"Chemical Warfare Decontamination System RFP" Archived 2014-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Global Biodefense (Stemar Media Group ... In 2011, the U.S. Army product manager for the Decontamination Family of Systems (DFoS) began a market research project to ... The Contamination Indicator Decontamination Assurance System (CIDAS) is a technology used to identify chemical contamination. ... "Contamination Indicator Decontamination Assurance System" Fact Sheet Archived 2014-03-04 at the Wayback Machine. Chemical, ...
... (SALAD) is incremental step-wise approach to the management of a massively ... Pilbery, Richard; Teare, M. Dawn (2019-06-01). "Soiled airway tracheal intubation and the effectiveness of decontamination by ... "A pilot study on using Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy Airway Decontamination techniques to assist endotracheal intubation by ... "Impact of Suction-Assisted Laryngoscopy and Airway Decontamination Technique on Intubation Quality Metrics in a Helicopter ...
... decontamination; monitoring; shielding techniques (33 min). PMF 5146 (195?-5?) - The Radioisotope, Parts ? -? PMF 5147 (195?-52 ...
"Decontamination". US EPA. "Soil Contamination". UN Environment Programme. "Sludge Treatment, Reuse and Disposal". Frogatt, ...
In addition, there are two toilet rooms, a sanitary room, and a decontamination shower room. To summarize, the net internal ( ... decontamination system; water treatment system; emergency power controller; emergency power system (two generators of 1000 kW ...
Decontamination area. These are the rooms where the endoscopic procedures are performed. Procedure rooms should to contain:[ ...
... decontamination (decon.) trailer, 2 marine units (fireboat), 1 rehabilitation (rehab.) unit, 2 brush units 1 Georgia Search and ...
ISBN 978-0-8493-3427-6. Skandamis, Panagiotis N.; Nychas, George-John E.; Sofos, John N. (2010). "Meat Decontamination". In ... ISBN 978-0-8138-2089-7. Edwards, Jessica Renee; Fung, Daniel Y.C. (2006). "Prevention and Decontamination of Escherichia Coli ... Geornaras, I.; Sofos, J. N. (2005). "Combining physical and chemical decontamination interventions for meat". In Sofos, John ...
Decontamination Service. Report and Control Service. Messenger Service. Ambulance Service. including Sitting Case Cars. First- ...
Decontamination (Decon.) Unit (5-3-0) 1 Hazardous Materials (Haz-Mat.) Mass Decontamination (Decon.) Unit (5-3-1) 1 Hazardous ...
"Ruthenium decontamination method". http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.216.2421&rep=rep1&type=pdf ...
"Decontamination and Sterilization". NIH. Roth S, Feichtinger J, Hertel C (February 2010). "Characterization of Bacillus ... McDonnell G, Burke P (May 2003). "The challenge of prion decontamination". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 36 (9): 1152-4. doi: ... or decontamination) process and a lower level of sterilant residuals than are found with other sterilization methods. Eniware, ... a purpose-built effluent decontamination system can be utilized. These devices can function using a variety of sterilants, ...
The WNS Decontamination Team, a sub-group of the Disease Management Working Group, published a national decontamination ... WNS Decontamination Team. "National White-Nose Syndrome Decontamination Protocol v 06.25.2012" (PDF). Geboy R. "National ... Precautionary decontamination methods are being encouraged to inhibit the possible spread of spores by humans. ... Decontamination Protocol Update" (PDF). Midwest Regional WNS Coordinator, US Fish & Wildlife Service. "Something is killing our ...
... personnel decontamination supplies; command and control equipment, including an indoors command post and a variety of other ...
Performing Mass Decontamination; Performing Technical Decontamination, and Response to Illicit Laboratory Incidents. 3) What ...
"Saurus Decontamination Units". "Saurus FL / FLC / RL / RLC". International Institute for Strategic Studies: The Military ...
KM259 (KM9) - Decontamination truck. (K516) - Surveillance / Decoding's shop van. (K5XX) - Water purification. Chile Chilean ...
"Mobile decontamination unit for John Radcliffe". www.healthestatejournal.com. Retrieved 9 October 2023. "Mobile decontamination ... dedicated decontamination area, and an ultraviolet light endoscope storage cabinet and had HEPA filtered environmental air. In ... and utility areas Vanguard's first mobile endoscope decontamination unit was also installed in 2018 at Oxford's John Radcliffe ...
"Draft Smallpox Decontamination" (PDF). CDC. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 18, 2022. Retrieved July 8, 2022. " ... increasing decontamination and cleaning procedures, and wearing appropriate safety gear when interacting with infected patients ...
Human decontamination Soil decontamination Groundwater decontamination Environmental remediation Dry decontamination ... Decontamination (sometimes abbreviated as decon, dcon, or decontam) is the process of removing contaminants on an object or ... Decontamination is most commonly used in medical environments, including dentistry, surgery and veterinary science, in the ... Health & Safety Executive: Methods of decontamination. Accessed 16 August 2013 v t e v t e (Articles with short description, ...
... decontamination). Provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). ... What is decontamination?. Contamination is a word used to describe unwanted radioactive materials on or inside the human body. ... External Decontamination: Removing radioactive materials on your skin, hair, or clothing. You can remove radioactive materials ... Internal Decontamination: Removing radioactive materials you swallow or inhale. Internal contamination occurs when people ...
Throughout the prefecture, decontamination is only partially carried out. For example, decontamination is confined within a 20- ... Still, in the face of this commendable herculean effort, analysis of decontamination reveals serious missteps and problems. ... As it happens, Greenpeace tests show abnormally high levels of radiation where decontamination work is already complete. ... is told decontamination work on his plot of land nearly complete, and he is to rehabitate in 2017. However, Toru has personal ...
Learn basic facts about VX exposure, decontamination, and treatment.
In EPAs removal program, decontamination criteria are used that identify an indoor surface level (using a wipe sample) that " ... Are such criteria needed and, if so, what would be the basis for establishing quantitative criteria? Also, if decontamination ... The proposed criteria do not address the decontamination of environmental surfaces that may be sources of exposure. The ... "triggers" a decontamination procedure regardless of the urine PNP findings. Such criteria would supposedly add a margin of ...
Discover whats missing in your discography and shop for Decon releases. ... Decon Presents: Fresh Rhymes And Videotape ‎(CD, Album, Comp, DVD) Decon. DCN 67. US. 2008. Sell This Version ... Decon Presents Never Not Fresh ‎(CD, Comp) Decon. DCN84. US. 2010. Sell This Version ... Decon, Decon, ABB Soul, ABB Soul. DCN 50 / DVD. US. 2007. Sell This Version ...
But one important component of these programs that some hospitals may be missing is soft-surface decontamination. This slide ...
... - May 11, 2004 - Andax Industries LLC. ... Portable De-Con Roller System facilitates decontamination of immobilized victims in De-Con Pac(TM) de-con station. Two people ... Portable De-Con Roller System Introducing the new Portable De-Con Roller System: the ideal solution when decontaminating ... Two people can easily stretch it through the Andax three-stage de-con station to easily dis-robe, de-con, and re-robe. Now you ...
Decontamination. Risk to health from contaminated device. 1. Observe the notes on the decontamination certificate. You find it ... 3. Include the fully completed decontamination certificate in the package.. Damage as a result of incorrect packing. Eppendorf ...
Cleaning and Decontaminationplus icon *Guidance for Decontamination and Removal of Ebolavirus-Contaminated Waste for U.S. ... OSHA Fact Sheet: Cleaning and Decontamination of Ebola on Surfaces [PDF - 3 pages] ... Interim Guidance for U.S. Residence Decontamination for Ebola and Removal of Contaminated Waste ...
Evacuation, decontaminations after unknown substance mailed to Texas AGs office. Initial tests of the substance were ...
Decontamination workers have used large plastic bags to clean up radioactive debris from the tsunami-crippled Fukushima Daiichi ... Plastic bags containing greenery collected during decontamination efforts after the 2011 Japanese nuclear disaster were washed ...
JoT #771, Decontamination Crew. Is it time to doing a little cleaning?. Click here to visit the comic. ...
... the Japanese government launched decontamination work in the surrounding area. With most of this work now completed, the ... No decontamination activities are currently planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover about 75% of the main ... The feedback on decontamination processes following the Fukushima nuclear accident is unprecedented because it is the first ... Decontamination activities, aimed at allowing for a relatively rapid return of the local population, predominantly targeted ...
FDA reissues decontamination system authorizations; CMS updates hospital survey process guidance; The Joint Commission issues ... FDA reissues decontamination system authorizations Plus: CMS updates survey process and The Joint Commission issues a pandemic- ... The decontamination systems allow health care personnel to decontaminate and reuse certain single-use disposable PPE items. The ... FDA reissues decontamination system authorizations The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reissued emergency use ...
Decontamination Nozzles. Release: Feb 26, 2010. Author: Alex Rexy Kreeger - Aeon Void Bollig - Unfinished model used from ... What was once a series of flat gray bumps on the wall, is now a series of collision meshed, LODd decontamination nozzles, with ... Decontamination Nozzles 1.0 Made by Void http://archive.tf2maps.net/showthread.php?t=12204. Valve left us with an unfinished ...
Full-fledged operation of the advanced liquid processing system (ALPS) will start in about four months after its performance is verified. Tepco said it plans to process 250 tons of irradiated water a day using the new multinuclide removal system, which has the capacity to dispose of up to 500 tons when fully operational.
The M200 Decontamination Shower is specifically made for the needs of emergency responders. Ease of use, portability, rugged ... The latest achievement from Bioquell, the Bioquell ProteQ offers a modular approach to room and zone decontamination. Enhanced ... H2O2 LOW TEMPERATURE DISINFECTION EQUIPMENT • BIO-DECONTAMINATION Low temperature disinfection equipment using H2O2. Validable ... Plants for the sterilisation and decontamination of wastewater for research facilities, hospitals and industry. EnviroDTS ...
Upstate also maintains a decontamination team, which needs regular training exercises, so Tschopp is accomplishing two goals ...
Decontamination of Farmland -. Radioactive materials that were released into the air and fell onto uncultivated farmland stay ... Measures for Reducing Transfer of Radioactive Materials to Crops (1/5) - Decontamination of Farmland - ...
BIG-DECON - Decontamination Tanks. Home » Products » Specification Drainage Products » Sediment and Solid Interceptors » BIG- ... MIFAB® MIFAB BIG-DECON decontamination tank has a limited lifetime warranty and is made in the U.S.A. out of seamless, ... Decontamination tank is designed for above or below ground installation and includes a direct connect lid system, 4" vent ...
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Decontamination procedure using the UV LED source from QIAcube Connect, PROM-13416 ...
Learn basic facts about Chlorine exposure, decontamination, and treatment.
GI decontamination. Activated charcoal (Liqui-Char, Actidose-Aqua). *View full drug information ...
If you would like more information on this unique process used for decontamination and decoating, please contact Ed Herderick ... EWI has been working to demonstrate our advanced laser surface cleaning technology for surface decontamination of structures. ... This technique is capable of performing decontamination without producing substantial amounts of secondary waste. More ... NEWGreen LSI is a national leader in decontamination services. The images below show before and after photos of a piece of bent ...
HEMCO Emergency Shower / Decontamination Booths are fully assembled and ready for installation to water supply and waste ... HEMCO Emergency Shower / Decontamination Booths are fully assembled and ready for installation to water supply and waste ...
RBDS is an all-inclusive service that helps you manage bio-decontamination in your research lab, production facility or ... During a bio-decontamination cycle, Bioquell technology fills an enclosed area with vaporized Bioquell Hydrogen Peroxide ... hydrogen peroxide vapor breaks down into water and oxygen once the bio-decontamination cycle and aeration is complete. ...
Decontamination is often a huge task. Moilanen tells that YIT is currently in the process of decontaminating a 5,000-m2 site in ... "The decontamination work will take from four to six months. In the pre-war years, the Hermanni area housed wood-treatment ... "The decontamination alone will take four years. The area contains a terrible amount of wood waste. It remains to be seen ... Recycling and decontamination of soil are on the increase, but the work too often encounters zoning problems. ...
  • The primary aim of the SuDDICU-Selective Decontamination of the Digestive tract in Intensive Care Unit patients-study is to test whether using antibiotics to prevent infections increases the number of patients who get better and go home after being critically unwell. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • This is a randomized controlled trial comparing the use of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) plus standard care to standard care alone on the rate of death in hospital in patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the ICU. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • Selective decontamination of the digestive tract is a preventive antibiotic strategy that involves the application of antibiotic paste to the mouth and throat, antibiotic liquid into the stomach, and a short course of antibiotics into a vein. (sunnybrook.ca)
  • October'sissue of JAMA reported a large, Australian multicenter trial, "Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract in Intensive Care Patients" or SuDDICU, which aimed to evaluate the effect of selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) on mortality among ventilated patients. (shea-online.org)
  • Effect of Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract on Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Randomized Clinical Trial. (shea-online.org)
  • Association Between Selective Decontamination of the Digestive Tract and In-Hospital Mortality in Intensive Care Unit Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. (shea-online.org)
  • Following the March 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, the Japanese government launched decontamination work in the surrounding area. (world-nuclear-news.org)
  • Methods of decontamination include: Physical cleaning Water purification Ultrasonic cleaning Disinfection Antisepsis Sterilization A variety of decontaminant methods may be used, including physical processes such as distillation, and chemical washes such as alcohols and detergents. (wikipedia.org)
  • They are part of Getinge, the world's leading provider of complete, ergonomical, cost-efficient solutions for effective cleaning, disinfection and decontamination in the healthcare and life science sectors. (eurotherm.com)
  • Biosafety professionals provided expertise on important concepts adapted from the laboratory setting to supplement the protection of these patient s and healthcare workers, such as the safe use of enhanced personnel protective equipment (PPE), the methodical removal of this PPE, containment, disinfection and decontamination protocols, and so forth. (cdc.gov)
  • But one important component of these programs that some hospitals may be missing is soft-surface decontamination. (infectioncontroltoday.com)
  • EWI has been working to demonstrate our advanced laser surface cleaning technology for surface decontamination of structures. (ewi.org)
  • Contaminated soil temporarily blocks construction in the area affected, but the situation can be remedied through decontamination, as Mikko Moilanen , Construction Manager at YIT, explains. (yit.fi)
  • Contaminated soil can be partially cleaned on site, but most of the fine material is transported to special facilities for decontamination. (yit.fi)
  • The methods of soil recycling and decontamination have remained relatively unchanged, and new technologies have hardly changed the industry. (yit.fi)
  • You can remove radioactive materials that are on the body of others or you can remove radioactive materials if they are on your body (self-decontamination) . (cdc.gov)
  • The study - Effectiveness of landscape decontamination following the Fukushima nuclear accident: A review - is the result of an international collaboration led by Olivier Evrard, researcher at the Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Sciences at Université Paris Saclay. (world-nuclear-news.org)
  • Lancer UK is a leading manufacturer in the field of Endoscope, Laboratory and Surgical Instrument Decontamination equipment. (eurotherm.com)
  • Bind-It Decontamination Soap will not dry hands like other laboratory soaps. (mirion.com)
  • Laboratory decontamination and destruction of carcinogens in laboratory wastes : some aromatic amines and 4-nitrobiphenyl. (who.int)
  • and, the return of inhabitants and their reappropriation of the territory after evacuation and decontamination. (world-nuclear-news.org)
  • Lessons learned from prior outbreaks contributed to a successful approach to decontamination and containment of an adult case of MPXV in Dallas, Texas . (bvsalud.org)
  • The proposed criteria do not address the decontamination of environmental surfaces that may be sources of exposure. (cdc.gov)
  • Twenty four residual dust samples from structural members, window sills, equipment and various other surfaces were analyzed to determine decontamination effectiveness. (cdc.gov)
  • The Fukushima accident gives us valuable insights into the effectiveness of decontamination techniques, particularly for removing caesium from the environment. (world-nuclear-news.org)
  • Health & Safety Executive: Methods of decontamination. (wikipedia.org)
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reissued emergency use authorizations (EUAs) for some decontamination systems to decontaminate certain respirators. (hfmmagazine.com)
  • The decontamination systems allow health care personnel to decontaminate and reuse certain single-use disposable PPE items. (hfmmagazine.com)
  • In EPA's removal program, decontamination criteria are used that identify an indoor surface level (using a wipe sample) that "triggers" a decontamination procedure regardless of the urine PNP findings. (cdc.gov)
  • In a radiation emergency, if you become contaminated (have radioactive material on your skin or inside of your body), decontamination is the best way to protect yourself and others. (cdc.gov)
  • The Greenpeace report of March 4, 2016: Radiation Reloaded - Impacts of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Accident 5 Years Later, exposes deeply flawed assumptions by the IAEA and the Abe government in terms of both decontamination and ecosystem risks. (counterpunch.org)
  • As it happens, Greenpeace tests show abnormally high levels of radiation where decontamination work is already complete. (counterpunch.org)
  • This technique is capable of performing decontamination without producing substantial amounts of secondary waste. (ewi.org)
  • HEMCO Emergency Shower / Decontamination Booths are fully assembled and ready for installation to water supply and waste systems. (ishn.com)
  • The feedback on decontamination processes following the Fukushima nuclear accident is unprecedented because it is the first time that such a major clean-up effort has been made following a nuclear accident,' said Evrard. (world-nuclear-news.org)
  • Bind-It Decontamination Soap is the ideal choice for Hot Lab use. (mirion.com)
  • Bind-it Decontamination Soap is pleasantly scented and more importantly - it removes skin contamination. (mirion.com)
  • Decontamination is most commonly used in medical environments, including dentistry, surgery and veterinary science, in the process of food preparation, in environmental science, and in forensic science. (wikipedia.org)
  • This paper evaluates the indoor environmental conditions of the Decontamination Room in the Sterile Processing Department (SPD) in US Hospitals. (techstreet.com)
  • Results of search for 'su:{Decontamination. (who.int)
  • Roller System moves patients for decontamination. (thomasnet.com)
  • Portable De-Con Roller System facilitates decontamination of immobilized victims in De-Con Pac(TM) de-con station. (thomasnet.com)
  • The FDA has provided a table that includes authorization information for each decontamination system, as well as fact sheets for health care personnel and instructions to use the systems. (hfmmagazine.com)
  • Decontamination tank is designed for above or below ground installation and includes a direct connect lid system, 4" vent connection, and 4" no hub inlet connection. (mifab.com)
  • Decontamination using the Joint Biological Agent Decontamination System on a C-130 airplane interior is being performed to extinguish mold. (af.mil)
  • Which decon system is right for your ambulance? (visual.ly)
  • Eurotherm is helping medical facilities improve their monitoring capabilities for decontamination of equipment, and ultimately, reduce the number of illnesses and deaths. (eurotherm.com)
  • The Japanese government has started decontamination work in areas affected by the nuclear accident but the progress is slow amid mistrust and conflicts. (docuwiki.net)
  • In this episode of the Side Alpha Podcast, Homeland-Six CEO Captain Sean Duncan tackles some of the key issues related to firefighter PPE decontamination and how it relates to cancer prevention. (firerescue1.com)
  • For example, in the Village of Iitate, 40 kilometers northwest of the Daiichi nuclear plant, Toru Anzai, an evacuee of Iitate, is told decontamination work on his plot of land nearly complete, and he is to rehabitate in 2017. (counterpunch.org)
  • Here we have around 0.8 microsieverts (μSv) per hour," Heinz Smital, nuclear campaigner Greenpeace, "0.23 was the government target for decontamination work. (counterpunch.org)
  • The decontamination work will take from four to six months. (yit.fi)
  • Before the construction work can begin, the site has to undergo a massive decontamination process. (yit.fi)
  • With grant funds through the Hospital Preparedness Program, the Siskiyou County Office of Emergency Services provided Mercy Medical Center Mt. Shasta with a new trailer and decontamination supplies. (dignityhealth.org)
  • Triumvirate's emergency response team came to the scene, cleaned the room, properly disposed of the broken lamps as mercury-containing debris, and performed a thorough decontamination. (triumvirate.com)
  • Decontamination (sometimes abbreviated as decon, dcon, or decontam) is the process of removing contaminants on an object or area, including chemicals, micro-organisms or radioactive substances. (wikipedia.org)
  • If you would like more information on this unique process used for decontamination and decoating, please contact Ed Herderick at 614.688.5000 or by email at [email protected] . (ewi.org)
  • Used as part of the decon process prior to adding protection, worked well and smells better than other products on the market. (adamspolishes.com)
  • Three gastric decontamination procedures have been widely used: gastric lavage, ipecac, and activated charcoal. (bmj.com)
  • For GH e GA, the decontamination procedures were not significant. (bvsalud.org)
  • Treatment may also include decontamination, procedures to enhance elimination, and pharmacotherapy. (medscape.com)
  • Decontamination procedures and the wearing of personal protective equipment were not always effectively and consistently implemented at all sites. (cdc.gov)
  • The mobile unit is equipped with tents, decontamination showers, Tyvek suits, stretchers, air filtration systems, generator and other supplies necessary to respond to disaster. (dignityhealth.org)
  • Deployment of UVC LEDs on disinfecting products becomes more and more common as the demand for decontamination remains high with the continuous impact of COVID-19. (ledinside.com)
  • NEWGreen LSI is a national leader in decontamination services. (ewi.org)
  • The SP Parabag Decontamination Kit is suitable for use by Police, Fire and Ambulance Services as well crowded places, such as shopping centres, stadiums, airports, leisure complexes etc. (spservices.co.uk)
  • Additionally, the Decon Cleanse & Soothe kit has a 2-year shelf life and is backed by eye and skin testing. (envirosafetyproducts.com)
  • Plastic bags containing greenery collected during decontamination efforts after the 2011 Japanese nuclear disaster were washed down a river during Typhoon Hagibis. (foxnews.com)
  • Bind-It decontamination spray is ideal for general purpose cleanup of nuclear medicine isotopes. (mirion.com)
  • This relief decontamination spray contains natural herbal extracts. (guardian-self-defense.com)
  • The previous decontamination trailer was stolen from the hospital parking lot March 28, 2017. (dignityhealth.org)
  • No decontamination activities are currently planned for the majority of forested areas, which cover about 75% of the main contaminated area. (world-nuclear-news.org)
  • After decontamination, the equipment must be handled carefully to minimise any risk of re-contamination. (eurotherm.com)
  • It is not clear what kind of a special technology of decontamination this company holds. (fukushima-diary.com)
  • To evaluate the contamination and decontamination of toothbrushes used by children with special needs. (bvsalud.org)
  • Removing radioactive material from a person, object, or place is called decontamination . (cdc.gov)
  • you need ambulance decon in the first place? (visual.ly)
  • Upstate also maintains a decontamination team, which needs regular training exercises, so Tschopp is accomplishing two goals with this single drill. (upstate.edu)
  • A company to send traffic control staff or parking lot guards ("Assist security protection company") is now recruiting decontamination staff in Minamisoma city Fukushima. (fukushima-diary.com)
  • ADS ADP-PT + RDS 3110 On-Board Increases consistency of results and eliminates the human element from decontamination. (visual.ly)
  • This case report provides an overview of the characteristics of the monkeypox virus , its effects on the human body , and a primary focus on a successful protocol for household decontamination . (bvsalud.org)
  • Eurotherm 6100A Chart Recorder data monitoring and control solution adhering to HTM and EN ISO 15883 standards for their endoscope washer disinfectors. (eurotherm.com)
  • MIFAB® MIFAB BIG-DECON decontamination tank has a limited lifetime warranty and is made in the U.S.A. out of seamless, rotationally molded High Density Polyethylene with 3/8" uniform wall thickness. (mifab.com)
  • After decontamination, there was significant reduction for GC when considering turbidity (p = 0.04) and at the levels of Gram negative bacteria (p = 0.04) and Candida spp. (bvsalud.org)
  • The SP Parabag Decontamination Kit includes 2 x Bottleshower. (spservices.co.uk)