Chemicals and DrugsPhenomena and ProcessesInformation Science
DeaminationCytidine DeaminaseCytosine5-MethylcytosineCytidineAdenosine DeaminaseUracil-DNA GlycosidaseRNA EditingNitrous AcidInosineNucleoside DeaminasesGuanine DeaminaseAmine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)UracilAdenosine Deaminase InhibitorsCytosine DeaminaseSomatic Hypermutation, ImmunoglobulinAminationThymine DNA GlycosylaseMonoamine OxidaseCoformycinNucleotide DeaminasesAminohydrolasesDNA GlycosylasesSulfitesAMP DeaminaseGlutamate DehydrogenaseTetrahydrouridineAmmoniaN-Glycosyl HydrolasesEthanolamine Ammonia-LyaseSubstrate SpecificityMolecular Sequence DataPentoxylDeoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)Base SequenceDNAThymineAmino Acid OxidoreductasesAlanine DehydrogenaseAmmonia-LyasesDNA-Cytosine MethylasesKineticsLeucine DehydrogenaseAdenosineMonoamine Oxidase InhibitorsDeoxyuridineImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingMutationGuaninevif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Deamination
The removal of an amino group (NH2) from a chemical compound.
Cytidine Deaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of cytidine, forming uridine. EC 3.5.4.5.
Cytosine
A pyrimidine base that is a fundamental unit of nucleic acids.
5-Methylcytosine
A methylated nucleotide base found in eukaryotic DNA. In ANIMALS, the DNA METHYLATION of CYTOSINE to form 5-methylcytosine is found primarily in the palindromic sequence CpG. In PLANTS, the methylated sequence is CpNpGp, where N can be any base.
Cytidine
A pyrimidine nucleoside that is composed of the base CYTOSINE linked to the five-carbon sugar D-RIBOSE.
Adenosine Deaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ADENOSINE to INOSINE with the elimination of AMMONIA.
Uracil-DNA Glycosidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the HYDROLYSIS of the N-glycosidic bond between sugar phosphate backbone and URACIL residue during DNA synthesis.
RNA Editing
A process that changes the nucleotide sequence of mRNA from that of the DNA template encoding it. Some major classes of RNA editing are as follows: 1, the conversion of cytosine to uracil in mRNA; 2, the addition of variable number of guanines at pre-determined sites; and 3, the addition and deletion of uracils, templated by guide-RNAs (RNA, GUIDE).
Nitrous Acid
Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Inosine
A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
Nucleoside Deaminases
Catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleosides with the elimination of ammonia.
Guanine Deaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of guanine to form xanthine. EC 3.5.4.3.
Amine Oxidase (Copper-Containing)
A group of enzymes including those oxidizing primary monoamines, diamines, and histamine. They are copper proteins, and, as their action depends on a carbonyl group, they are sensitive to inhibition by semicarbazide.
Uracil
Adenosine Deaminase Inhibitors
Drugs that inhibit ADENOSINE DEAMINASE activity.
Cytosine Deaminase
An enzyme which catalyzes the deamination of CYTOSINE resulting in the formation of URACIL. It can also act on 5-methylcytosine to form THYMIDINE.
Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
A programmed mutation process whereby changes are introduced to the nucleotide sequence of immunoglobulin gene DNA during development.
Amination
The creation of an amine. It can be produced by the addition of an amino group to an organic compound or reduction of a nitro group.
Thymine DNA Glycosylase
An enzyme that removes THYMINE and URACIL bases mispaired with GUANINE through hydrolysis of their N-glycosidic bond. These mispaired nucleotides generally occur through the hydrolytic DEAMINATION of 5-METHYLCYTOSINE to thymine.
Monoamine Oxidase
An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. It is a flavin-containing enzyme that is localized in mitochondrial membranes, whether in nerve terminals, the liver, or other organs. Monoamine oxidase is important in regulating the metabolic degradation of catecholamines and serotonin in neural or target tissues. Hepatic monoamine oxidase has a crucial defensive role in inactivating circulating monoamines or those, such as tyramine, that originate in the gut and are absorbed into the portal circulation. (From Goodman and Gilman's, The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p415) EC 1.4.3.4.
Coformycin
A ribonucleoside antibiotic synergist and adenosine deaminase inhibitor isolated from Nocardia interforma and Streptomyces kaniharaensis. It is proposed as an antineoplastic synergist and immunosuppressant.
Nucleotide Deaminases
Catalyze the hydrolysis of nucleotides with the elimination of ammonia.
Aminohydrolases
DNA Glycosylases
A family of DNA repair enzymes that recognize damaged nucleotide bases and remove them by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond that attaches them to the sugar backbone of the DNA molecule. The process called BASE EXCISION REPAIR can be completed by a DNA-(APURINIC OR APYRIMIDINIC SITE) LYASE which excises the remaining RIBOSE sugar from the DNA.
Sulfites
Inorganic salts of sulfurous acid.
AMP Deaminase
An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP. EC 3.5.4.6.
Glutamate Dehydrogenase
An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-glutamate and water to 2-oxoglutarate and NH3 in the presence of NAD+. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.4.1.2.
Tetrahydrouridine
An inhibitor of nucleotide metabolism.
Ammonia
A colorless alkaline gas. It is formed in the body during decomposition of organic materials during a large number of metabolically important reactions. Note that the aqueous form of ammonia is referred to as AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE.
N-Glycosyl Hydrolases
A class of enzymes involved in the hydrolysis of the N-glycosidic bond of nitrogen-linked sugars.
Ethanolamine Ammonia-Lyase
An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of ethanolamine to acetaldehyde. EC 4.3.1.7.
Substrate Specificity
A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Pentoxyl
5-Hydroxymethyl-6-methyl- 2,4-(1H,3H)-pyrimidinedione. Uracil derivative used in combination with toxic antibiotics to lessen their toxicity; also to stimulate leukopoiesis and immunity. Synonyms: pentoksil; hydroxymethylmethyluracil.
Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)
An enzyme which catalyzes an endonucleolytic cleavage near PYRIMIDINE DIMERS to produce a 5'-phosphate product. The enzyme acts on the damaged DNA strand, from the 5' side of the damaged site.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Thymine
Amino Acid Oxidoreductases
A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.
Alanine Dehydrogenase
An NAD-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the reversible DEAMINATION of L-ALANINE to PYRUVATE and AMMONIA. The enzyme is needed for growth when ALANINE is the sole CARBON or NITROGEN source. It may also play a role in CELL WALL synthesis because L-ALANINE is an important constituent of the PEPTIDOGLYCAN layer.
Ammonia-Lyases
Enzymes that catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon double bond by the elimination of AMMONIA. EC 4.3.1.
DNA-Cytosine Methylases
Methylases that are specific for CYTOSINE residues found on DNA.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Leucine Dehydrogenase
An octameric enzyme belonging to the superfamily of amino acid dehydrogenases. Leucine dehydrogenase catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of L-LEUCINE, to 4-methyl-2-oxopentanoate (2-ketoisocaproate) and AMMONIA, with the corresponding reduction of the cofactor NAD+.
Adenosine
A nucleoside that is composed of ADENINE and D-RIBOSE. Adenosine or adenosine derivatives play many important biological roles in addition to being components of DNA and RNA. Adenosine itself is a neurotransmitter.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (From Gilman, et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed, p414)
Deoxyuridine
2'-Deoxyuridine. An antimetabolite that is converted to deoxyuridine triphosphate during DNA synthesis. Laboratory suppression of deoxyuridine is used to diagnose megaloblastic anemias due to vitamin B12 and folate deficiencies.
Immunoglobulin Class Switching
Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Guanine
vif Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Proteins encoded by the VIF GENES of the HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS.

Influence of 1-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)diaz-1-enyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and diphenyliodonium chloride on ruminal protein metabolism and ruminal microorganisms. (1/339)

The effects of 1-[(E)-2-(2-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)diaz-1-enyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxy lic acid (LY29) and diphenyliodonium chloride (DIC) on the degradation of protein to ammonia were determined in a mixed rumen microbial population taken from sheep on a grass hay-concentrate diet. Both compounds decreased NH3 production by inhibiting deamination of amino acids. LY29, but not DIC, inhibited growth of the high-activity ammonia-producing species, Clostridium aminophilum and Clostridium sticklandii.  (+info)

Effect of the ratio between essential and nonessential amino acids in the diet on utilization of nitrogen and amino acids by growing pigs. (2/339)

In 36 growing pigs (30 to 60 kg), N balance and amino acid (AA) composition of weight gain were measured to evaluate the interactive effect of the ratio between N from essential amino acids (EAA(N)) to nonessential amino acids (NEAA(N)) and total N level (T(N)) in the diet on N retention and utilization of N, EAA(N), NEAA(N), and AA. Nine diets composed from ordinary feedstuffs and supplemented with crystalline AA were used (three EAA(N):NEAA(N) ratios of 38:62, 50:50, and 62:38 at three T(N) levels of 18.8, 22.9, and 30.0 g/kg). Pigs were fed restrictedly, at a level of 2.8 x energy for maintenance. In all diets, EAA (including arginine) supply was according to or slightly above the recommended ratios to lysine. Measurements were done in four blocks of nine pigs each. In a concomitant slaughter experiment, the AA composition of deposited body protein was determined to estimate AA utilization. The effects of T(N) and EAA(N):NEAA(N) and their interaction for N retention and utilization were significant. Nitrogen retention increased with higher T(N) in the diet. Increasing EAA(N):NEAA(N) from 38:62 to 50:50 improved N retention only at the two lower T(N) levels. Increasing EAA(N): NEAA(N) above 50:50 failed to improve N retention significantly at any of the three T(N) levels. Lowering T(N) improved the utilization of total and digested N and of EAA(N) and NEAA(N). The increase in EAA(N): NEAA(N) consistently resulted in a lower utilization of EAA(N), but this was compensated by a higher utilization of NEAA(N). The utilization of T(N) was improved by increasing EAA(N):NEAA(N) from 38:62 to 50:50 at the two lower T(N) levels and was relatively unaffected by EAA(N):NEAA(N) at the highest T(N). However, a lower utilization of N was observed at a ratio of 62:38 at a T(N) level of 22.9 g/kg. The effects were similar for utilization of individual EAA and NEAA. Utilization of alanine, aspartic acid, and glycine was close to or >100% at the highest EAA(N):NEAA(N), which was expected because all of these AA are synthesized in pigs. Also, the utilization of arginine was >100% in most of the treatments, which confirms the semiessential character of this AA for maintenance. We concluded that the required ratio of EAA(N):NEAA(N) for optimal N retention and utilization is approximately 50:50. The EAA(N):NEAA(N) is more important at lower dietary protein levels. This study indicates that EAA(N): NEAA(N) can be increased up to 70:30 without lowering the utilization of N. Thus, deaminated EAA(N) was efficiently utilized for the synthesis of NEAA(N).  (+info)

Nitric oxide-induced damage to mtDNA and its subsequent repair. (3/339)

Mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have recently been associated with a variety of human diseases. One potential DNA-damaging agent to which cells are continually exposed that could be responsible for some of these mutations is nitric oxide (NO). To date, little information has been forthcoming concerning the damage caused by this gas to mtDNA. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate damage to mtDNA induced by NO and to evaluate its subsequent repair. Normal human fibroblasts were exposed to NO produced by the rapid decomposition of 1-propanamine, 3-(2-hydroxy-2-nitroso-1-propylhydrazino) (PAPA NONOate) and the resultant damage to mtDNA was determined by quantitative Southern blot analysis. This gas was found to cause damage to mtDNA that was alkali-sensitive. Treatment of the DNA with uracil-DNA glycosylase or 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase failed to reveal additional damage, indicating that most of the lesions produced were caused by the deamination of guanine to xanthine. Studies using ligation-mediated PCR supported this finding. When a 200 bp sequence of mtDNA from cells exposed to NO was analyzed, guanine was found to be the predominantly damaged base. However, there also was damage to specific adenines. No lesions were observed at pyrimidine sites. The nucleotide pattern of damage induced by NO was different from that produced by either a reactive oxygen species generator or the methylating chemical, methylnitrosourea. Most of the lesions produced by NO were repaired rapidly. However, there appeared to be a subset of lesions which were repaired either slowly or not at all by the mitochondria.  (+info)

AMP deamination and purine exchange in human skeletal muscle during and after intense exercise. (4/339)

1. The present study examined the regulation of human skeletal muscle AMP deamination during intense exercise and quantified muscle accumulation and release of purines during and after intense exercise. 2. Seven healthy males performed knee extensor exercise at 64.3 W (range: 50-70 W) to exhaustion (234 s; 191-259 s). In addition, on two separate days the subjects performed exercise at the same intensity for 30 s and 80 % of exhaustion time (mean, 186 s; range, 153-207 s), respectively. Muscle biopsies were obtained from m.v. lateralis before and after each of the exercise bouts. For the exhaustive bout femoral arterio-venous concentration differences and blood flow were also determined. 3. During the first 30 s of exercise there was no change in muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP), inosine monophosphate (IMP) and ammonia (NH3), although estimated free ADP and AMP increased 5- and 45-fold, respectively, during this period. After 186 s and at exhaustion muscle ATP had decreased (P < 0.05) by 15 and 19 %, respectively, muscle IMP was elevated (P < 0. 05) from 0.20 to 3.65 and 5.67 mmol (kg dry weight)-1, respectively, and muscle NH3 had increased (P < 0.05) from 0.47 to 2.55 and 2.33 mmol (kg d.w.)-1, respectively. The concentration of H+ did not change during the first 30 s of exercise, but increased (P < 0.05) to 245.9 nmol l-1 (pH 6.61) after 186 s and to 374.5 nmol l-1 (pH 6. 43) at exhaustion. 4. Muscle inosine and hypoxanthine did not change during exercise. In the first 10 min after exercise the muscle IMP concentration decreased (P < 0.05) by 2.96 mmol (kg d.w.)-1 of which inosine and hypoxanthine formation could account for 30 %. The total release of inosine and hypoxanthine during exercise and 90 min of recovery amounted to 1.07 mmol corresponding to 46 % of the net ATP decrease during exercise or 9 % of ATP at rest. 5. The present data suggest that AMP deamination is inhibited during the initial phase of intense exercise, probably due to accumulation of orthophosphate, and that lowered pH is an important positive modulator of AMP deaminase in contracting human skeletal muscle in vivo. Furthermore, formation and release of purines occurs mainly after intense exercise and leads to a considerable loss of nucleotides.  (+info)

Helicobacter pylori rocF is required for arginase activity and acid protection in vitro but is not essential for colonization of mice or for urease activity. (5/339)

Arginase of the Helicobacter pylori urea cycle hydrolyzes L-arginine to L-ornithine and urea. H. pylori urease hydrolyzes urea to carbon dioxide and ammonium, which neutralizes acid. Both enzymes are involved in H. pylori nitrogen metabolism. The roles of arginase in the physiology of H. pylori were investigated in vitro and in vivo, since arginase in H. pylori is metabolically upstream of urease and urease is known to be required for colonization of animal models by the bacterium. The H. pylori gene hp1399, which is orthologous to the Bacillus subtilis rocF gene encoding arginase, was cloned, and isogenic allelic exchange mutants of three H. pylori strains were made by using two different constructs: 236-2 and rocF::aphA3. In contrast to wild-type (WT) strains, all rocF mutants were devoid of arginase activity and had diminished serine dehydratase activity, an enzyme activity which generates ammonium. Compared with WT strain 26695 of H. pylori, the rocF::aphA3 mutant was approximately 1, 000-fold more sensitive to acid exposure. The acid sensitivity of the rocF::aphA3 mutant was not reversed by the addition of L-arginine, in contrast to the WT, and yielded a approximately 10, 000-fold difference in viability. Urease activity was similar in both strains and both survived acid exposure equally well when exogenous urea was added, indicating that rocF is not required for urease activity in vitro. Finally, H. pylori mouse-adapted strain SS1 and the 236-2 rocF isogenic mutant colonized mice equally well: 8 of 9 versus 9 of 11 mice, respectively. However, the rocF::aphA3 mutant of strain SS1 had moderately reduced colonization (4 of 10 mice). The geometric mean levels of H. pylori recovered from these mice (in log(10) CFU) were 6.1, 5.5, and 4.1, respectively. Thus, H. pylori rocF is required for arginase activity and is crucial for acid protection in vitro but is not essential for in vivo colonization of mice or for urease activity.  (+info)

UV filter compounds in human lenses: the origin of 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-beta-D-glucoside. (6/339)

PURPOSE: To investigate UV filter synthesis in the human lens, in particular the biosynthetic origin of the second most abundant UV filter compound, 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-beta-D-glucoside. METHODS: Human lenses were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after separate incubation with 3H-tryptophan (3H-Trp), beta-benzoylacrylic acid, D,L-alpha-amino-beta-benzoylpropionic acid, or D,L-3-hydroxykynurenine O-beta-D-glucoside. The effect of pH on the model compound D,L-alpha-amino-beta-benzoylpropionic acid and D,L-3-hydroxykynurenine O-beta-D-glucoside was also investigated. RESULTS: UV filters were not detected in fetal lenses, despite a 5-month postnatal lens displaying measurable levels of UV filters. In adults no radiolabel was incorporated into 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-beta-D-glucoside after 3H-Trp incubations. Beta-benzoylacrylic acid was readily reduced in lenses. D,L-alpha-amino-beta-benzoylpropionic acid and D,L-3-hydroxykynurenine O-beta-D-glucoside slowly deaminated at physiological pH and were converted to beta-benzoylpropionic acid and 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-beta-D-glucoside, respectively, after lens incubations. CONCLUSIONS: UV filter biosynthesis appears to be activated at or near birth. Compounds containing the kynurenine side chain slowly deaminate, and in the lens, the newly formed double bond is rapidly reduced. These findings suggest that 4-(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid O-beta-D-glucoside is derived from L-3-hydroxykynurenine O-beta-D-glucoside through this deamination-reduction process. The slowness of the deamination presumably accounts for the absence of incorporation of radiolabel from 3H-Trp into 4(2-amino-3-hydroxyphenyl)4-oxobutanoic acid O-beta-D-glucoside.  (+info)

Characterization of human lens major intrinsic protein structure. (7/339)

PURPOSE: To determine the primary covalent structure of human lens major intrinsic protein (MIP) in lenses of varying age. METHODS: MIP was isolated from single human lenses of various ages (7- 86 years) by homogenization of the lenses, followed by centrifugation and urea washes of the membranes. Proteins present in the membrane preparation were reduced, alkylated, and cleaved by CNBr. Peptide fragments were fractionated by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography, and the primary structures of the peptides were determined by tandem mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing. RESULTS: Complete coverage of the human MIP sequence was observed in the form of CNBr fragments. In addition, peptide structures resulting from in vivo heterogeneous N- and C-terminal cleavage were characterized. The amount of intact MIP decreased with lens age; however, the pattern of truncation did not change from 7 to 86 years. The major site of phosphorylation was identified as serine 235. Asparagine residues 246 and 259 were completely deamidated by age 7 years. CONCLUSIONS: The major structural modifications of human lens MIP have been determined. Human MIP is heterogeneously modified in lenses ranging in age from 7 to 86 years of age by N- and C-terminal truncation, phosphorylation, and deamidation, resulting in decreased levels of native intact MIP with age.  (+info)

Effect of UV-A light on the chaperone-like properties of young and old lens alpha-crystallin. (8/339)

PURPOSE: To study the damaging effect of UV-A irradiation on the chaperone-like properties of alpha-crystallin and the subsequent recovery process of young and old bovine lenses. METHODS: Young and old bovine lenses were kept in organ culture. After 24 hours of incubation they were irradiated with UV-A at 365 nm, and optical quality measurements were performed during the experiments (192 hours). alpha-Crystallin and alpha1-, alphaA2-, alphaB1-, and alphaB2-crystallin subunits were analyzed, separated by gel filtration and cation exchange chromatography, respectively, after different culture times. Protein patterns were obtained after two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Chaperone-like activity was determined on the basis of insulin B-chain and betaL-crystallin aggregation assays. Aggregation of alpha-crystallin was analyzed, tryptophan fluorescence measurements were performed, and alpha-crystallin mRNA levels were determined. RESULTS: The water-soluble alpha-crystallin obtained from old lenses compared with young lenses after UV irradiation had decreased chaperone activity, a higher molecular weight, and increased loss of tryptophan fluorescence. Moreover, alpha-crystallin mRNA virtually disappeared, whereas extra spots on the 2-D protein pattern appeared, possibly because of deamidation. CONCLUSIONS: alpha-Crystallin obtained from old lenses is more affected by irradiation than alpha-crystallin derived from young lenses. Moreover, it appeared that alphaB-crystallin from UV-treated old lenses compared with control lenses was less susceptible to UV-A than alphaA-crystallin. It may well be that alphaB-crystallin protects alphaA-crystallin in vivo.  (+info)

Regulation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase DNA deamination activity in B-cells by Ser38 phosphorylation | Biochemical...Regulation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase DNA deamination activity in B-cells by Ser38 phosphorylation | Biochemical...
To address the physiological significance of AID phosphorylation at Ser38, analysis of a mouse model (in which AIDS38A is expressed at physiological levels utilizing its endogenous control elements) was required. Two recent studies reported the generation and analysis of mice expressing only the AIDS38A mutant protein, which occurred at levels quite comparable with those of wild-type mAID expression in activated B-cells, from their endogenous AID alleles [45,51]. In addition, one of these studies also demonstrated that the AIDS38A protein expressed from the endogenous AID allele failed to associate with RPA in vivo [51]. Both studies found that mice homozygous for the AIDS38A (AIDS38A/S38A) mutation have quite severe CSR defects, demonstrating clearly that the apparently normal levels of CSR reported for this mutant form of AID by others [49] probably resulted from overexpression of the mutant protein as proposed in [47].. Activation of AIDS38A/S38A B-cells with αCD40 and IL-4 (interleukin 4) ...
http://www.biochemsoctrans.org/content/37/3/561
dU Oligo Modifications from Gene LinkdU Oligo Modifications from Gene Link
Deoxyuridine (dU) is a pyrimidine deoxyribonucleoside, and a derivative of the nucleoside uridine, with the only difference being that, in dU, a hydrogen (-H) group is substituted for uridine s OH group located at the 2 -position of the ribose. dU is generated in cellular DNA as a deamination product of dC (deoxycytidine), with the deamination process catalyzed by the enzyme AID (activation-induced cytidine deaminase) (1). AID is a B cell-specific gene that is necessary for antibody gene diversification via class-switch recombination and somatic hypermutation (2, 3). The dC-to-dU conversion(s) by AID occurs in the IgG locus, with various gene diversification pathways arising from the different DNA repair mechanisms used by B-cells to repair the dU lesion (1).. dC-to-dU conversion via cytidine deamination is also implicated in innate immunity to retroviruses. Here deamination of dC is mediated by the enzyme APOBEC3G, which is present in T cells, acting on the first (minus) strand cDNA of ...
http://www.genelink.com/newsite/products/mod_detail.asp?modid=74
DNA Replication and associated repair pathways are involved in the mutagenesis of methylated cytosine. - Oxford Big Data...
Transitions of cytosine to thymine in CpG dinucleotides are the most frequent type of mutations observed in cancer. This increased mutability is commonly explained by the presence of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) and its spontaneous hydrolytic deamination into thymine. Here, we describe observations that question whether spontaneous deamination alone causes the elevated mutagenicity of 5mC. Tumours with somatic mutations in DNA mismatch-repair genes or in the proofreading domain of DNA polymerase ε (Pol ε) exhibit more 5mC to T transitions than would be expected, given the kinetics of hydrolytic deamination. This enrichment is asymmetrical around replication origins with a preference for the leading strand template, in particular in methylated cytosines flanked by guanines (GCG). Notably, GCG to GTG mutations also exhibit strand asymmetry in mismatch-repair and Pol ε wild-type tumours. Together, these findings suggest that mis-incorporation of A opposite 5mC during replication of the leading strand might be
https://www.bdi.ox.ac.uk/publications/798389
Cytosine Deamination and EvolutionCytosine Deamination and Evolution
It has been argued that no engineer would have used cytosine as part of the genetic material because of its predisposition for deamination. But its exactly this predisposition that might cause an engineer of evolution to include it. Life itself appears to have been designed to minimize errors. The universal nature of the proof-reading/repair machinery,…
https://designmatrix.wordpress.com/2009/02/22/cytosine-deamination-and-evolution/
Darwins Kidneys: Mutation Monday (Your Mutation Station): Cytosine deamination
It is easily picked up because uracil is not a natural base in DNA. It is found normally in RNA, and it is quite possible that RNA evolved first in the earliest life on earth, and when DNA took over the role it has today of storing genetic information thymine was substituted in place of uracil so that the deamination process could be detected and repaired. In other words, if uracil was a natural base in DNA, there would be no way for the proof-reading machinery to detect that a base change occurred. Pretty ingenious of nature, dont you think ...
http://darwinskidneys.blogspot.com/2015/06/mutation-monday-your-mutation-station.html
Harold C. Smith, Ph.D. - University of Rochester Medical CenterHarold C. Smith, Ph.D. - University of Rochester Medical Center
Normal and cancer cells express more diversity in proteins than can be accounted for by the predicted number of expressed genomic DNA sequence. Expansion of the genomically encoded expressed sequences through alternative processing of RNA, such as mRNA editing, is a logical hypothesis for how protein diversity and variations seen as tissue-specific and regulated expression of proteins can be achieved. The specific focus of the research is to identify and characterize novel mammalian mRNA editing systems that employ a zinc-dependent deamination mechanism for the post-transcriptional conversion of cytidine to uridine at select sites within mRNAs. Computational modeling has suggested a family of mammalian enzymes known as Cytidine Deaminases Active on RNA or CDARs as responsible for C to U editing of mRNAs ...
https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/people/20864972-harold-c-smith
ADAL Polyclonal Antibody | EpiGentekADAL Polyclonal Antibody | EpiGentek
Background Putative nucleoside deaminase. May catalyze the hydrolytic deamination of adenosine or some similar substrate and play a role in purine metabolism. Description ADAL Polyclonal Antibody. Unconjugated. Raised in...
https://www.epigentek.com/catalog/adal-polyclonal-antibody-p-20591.html
Deamination | definition of deamination by Medical dictionaryDeamination | definition of deamination by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of deamination in the Medical Dictionary? deamination explanation free. What is deamination? Meaning of deamination medical term. What does deamination mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/deamination
NEIL1 Binding to DNA Containing 2-Fluorothymidine Glycol Stereoisomers and the Effect of Editing<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - NEIL1 Binding to DNA Containing 2-Fluorothymidine Glycol Stereoisomers and the Effect of Editing. AU - Onizuka, Kazumitsu. AU - Yeo, Jongchan. AU - David, Sheila S.. AU - Beal, Peter A.. PY - 2012/6/18. Y1 - 2012/6/18. N2 - Thymine glycol (Tg), one of the oxidized bases formed in DNA by reactive oxygen species, is repaired by the DNA glycosylases such as NEIL1, NTH1 and Endo III. In our recent studies, we showed that NEIL1s catalytic efficiency and lesion specificity are regulated by an RNA-editing adenosine deamination reaction. In this study, we synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides containing 2-fluorothymidine glycol with either ribo or arabino configuration and investigated the binding of these modified DNAs with the unedited and edited forms of human NEIL1 along with E. coli Endo III. For the two forms of hNEIL1, binding affinities to FTg-containing DNA were similar indicating that the editing effect is more subtle than to simply alter substrate affinity. While the ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/neil1-binding-to-dna-containing-2-fluorothymidine-glycol-stereois
A New Model of Pneumococcal Lipoteichoic Acid Structure Resolves Biochemical, Biosynthetic, and Serologic Inconsistencies of...A New Model of Pneumococcal Lipoteichoic Acid Structure Resolves Biochemical, Biosynthetic, and Serologic Inconsistencies of...
Model A in Fig. 1 represents the currently accepted structure of pneumococcal LTA based on the study by Fischers group (3, 14). However, model A predicts results that are inconsistent with our actual MS results obtained with LTA from various pneumococcal isolates. Model B, which differs from model A only in where the repeating unit biosynthesis begins, does predict results that are consistent with our new MS results, which were obtained following HF hydrolysis and deamination reactions. Model B is also consistent with the previous data reported by Fischers group. For instance, when these investigators studied LTA after HF hydrolysis, they found the molecular fragments labeled B1, B2, C1, and C2 in Fig. 3B. Their study did not detect the molecular fragments labeled A1 and A2, which represent an incomplete repeating unit. This can also be readily explained because, following the hydrolysis step, Fischers group purified the intact repeating units before conducting their mass spectrometry studies ...
https://jb.asm.org/content/190/7/2379
Transcription-targeted DNA deamination by the AID antibody diversification enzyme. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard...Transcription-targeted DNA deamination by the AID antibody diversification enzyme. | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard...
Funded by the NIH National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences through its Clinical and Translational Science Awards Program, grant number UL1TR002541 ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/997536
Antievolution.org - Antievolution.org Discussion Board -Topic::Front loading and intelligent designAntievolution.org - Antievolution.org Discussion Board -Topic::Front loading and intelligent design
Mike seems to have avoided addressing the real issues and instead focused on some minor issues. First of all Mike objects to me stating that his approach and Pooles approach led to the same conclusion. Mike correctly points out that I confused Pooles paper with the papers in which the link between cytosine deamination and increase hydrophobicity was made. While I thank Mike for correcting my minor error he seems to have ignored the real issue namely that he used methodological naturalism to explain the tendency of cytosine deamination to incrase hydrophobicity. In fact from the moment he defined the instance of front loading his approach is indistinguishable from methodological naturalism. Neiter Mike nor others may have explained or shown how cytosine became incorporated but both work from the assumption that it was. Mike suggests that his approach allowed him to address the claim that an engineer would have replaced cytosine but nothing in his approach supports this argument. All he has ...
http://antievolution.org/aebb-archive/aebbarchive_front_loading_and_intelligent_design_t162.html
RCSB PDB - 1BW9: PHENYLALANINE DEHYDROGENASE STRUCTURE IN TERNARY COMPLEX WITH NAD+ AND PHENYLPYRUVATE Literature...RCSB PDB - 1BW9: PHENYLALANINE DEHYDROGENASE STRUCTURE IN TERNARY COMPLEX WITH NAD+ AND PHENYLPYRUVATE Literature...
1BW9: Phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus sp. M4: high-resolution X-ray analyses of inhibitory ternary complexes reveal key features in the oxidative deamination mechanism.
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/litView.do?structureId=1BW9
Mouse APOBEC3 interferes with autocatalytic cleavage of murine leukemia virus Pr180gag-pol precursor and inhibits Pr65gag...Mouse APOBEC3 interferes with autocatalytic cleavage of murine leukemia virus Pr180gag-pol precursor and inhibits Pr65gag...
1. Esnault C, Heidmann O, Delebecque F, Dewannieux M, Ribet D, Hance AJ, et al. APOBEC3G cytidine deaminase inhibits retrotransposition of endogenous retroviruses. Nature. 2005;433(7024):430-3. Epub 2005/01/28. doi: 10.1038/nature03238 15674295.. 2. Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, et al. DNA deamination mediates innate immunity to retroviral infection. Cell. 2003;113(6):803-9. Epub 2003/06/18. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00423-9 12809610.. 3. Mangeat B, Turelli P, Caron G, Friedli M, Perrin L, Trono D. Broad antiretroviral defence by human APOBEC3G through lethal editing of nascent reverse transcripts. Nature. 2003;424(6944):99-103. Epub 2003/06/17. doi: 10.1038/nature01709 12808466.. 4. Suspene R, Aynaud MM, Koch S, Pasdeloup D, Labetoulle M, Gaertner B, et al. Genetic editing of herpes simplex virus 1 and Epstein-Barr herpesvirus genomes by human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases in culture and in vivo. J Virol. 2011;85(15):7594-602. Epub 2011/06/03. doi: ...
https://www.prolekarniky.cz/casopisy/plos-pathogens/2019-12-2/mouse-apobec3-interferes-with-autocatalytic-cleavage-of-murine-leukemia-virus-pr180gag-pol-precursor-and-inhibits-pr65gag-processing-118571
Schmutzi: estimation of contamination and endogenous mitochondrial consensus calling for ancient DNA | Genome Biology | Full...Schmutzi: estimation of contamination and endogenous mitochondrial consensus calling for ancient DNA | Genome Biology | Full...
Ancient DNA is typically highly degraded with appreciable cytosine deamination, and contamination with present-day DNA often complicates the identification of endogenous molecules. Together, these factors impede accurate assembly of the endogenous ancient mitochondrial genome. We present schmutzi, an iterative approach to jointly estimate present-day human contamination in ancient human DNA datasets and reconstruct the endogenous mitochondrial genome. By using sequence deamination patterns and fragment length distributions, schmutzi accurately reconstructs the endogenous mitochondrial genome sequence even when contamination exceeds 50 %. Given sufficient coverage, schmutzi also produces reliable estimates of contamination across a range of contamination rates. Availability: https://bioinf.eva.mpg.de/schmutzi/ license:GPLv3.
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-015-0776-0
Unique mutational profile associated with a loss of TDG expression in the rectal cancer of a patient with a constitutional PMS2...Unique mutational profile associated with a loss of TDG expression in the rectal cancer of a patient with a constitutional PMS2...
Cells with DNA repair defects have increased genomic instability and are more likely to acquire secondary mutations that bring about cellular transformation. We describe the frequency and spectrum of somatic mutations involving several tumor suppressor genes in the rectal carcinoma of a 13-year-old girl harboring biallelic, germline mutations in the DNA mismatch repair gene PMS2. Apart from microsatellite instability, the tumor DNA contained a number of C:G→T:A or G:C→A:T transitions in CpG dinucleotides, which often result through spontaneous deamination of cytosine or 5-methylcytosine. Four DNA glycosylases, UNG2, SMUG1, MBD4 and TDG, are involved in the repair of these deamination events. We identified a heterozygous missense mutation in TDG, which was associated with TDG protein loss in the tumor. The CpGs mutated in this patients tumor are generally methylated in normal colonic mucosa. Thus, it is highly likely that loss of TDG contributed to the supermutator phenotype and that most of ...
http://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/63080/
Colgate Virology (and Immunology) Blog: New Mechanism Found That Adds Another Vector For Anti-Retroviral Therapy!Colgate Virology (and Immunology) Blog: New Mechanism Found That Adds Another Vector For Anti-Retroviral Therapy!
As aforementioned, APOBEC3G behaves in a highly processive way in that it is able to scan and jump around the transcripts to find the deamination motifs. The researchers decided to run an assay that could aid in discerning how the different Vif variants cause this decrease in APOBEC3G processivity. The assay consisted of adding a complementary DNA oligonucleotide in between the two CCC motifs. This new partially double stranded DNA segment is unable to bind with APOBEC3G, and thus the sliding characteristic in scanning is inhibited. However, since APOBEC3G can disassociate and reassociate, microscopic jumping, it can transverse the blocking. The results showed that this was the case, although the processivity factor of APOBEC3G decreased with the double stranded DNA segment, it was still able to deaminate both 5 and 3 motifs due to this jumping. When VifHBX2 was added, the processivity factor dropped from 4.5 to 1.1 and almost no double deamination events were seen. Thus the researchers ...
http://colgateimmunology.blogspot.com/2013/12/new-mechanism-found-that-adds-another.html
Kinetic analysis of CDAHyor- and CDAHuman-catalyzed dea | Open-iKinetic analysis of CDAHyor- and CDAHuman-catalyzed dea | Open-i
Kinetic analysis of CDAHyor- and CDAHuman-catalyzed deamination of natural nucleosides and nucleoside analogues Deamination of different concentrations of Cyd (
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4541722_gr4&req=4
Anticancer enzyme L-lysine α-oxidase: Properties and application perspectivesAnticancer enzyme L-lysine α-oxidase: Properties and application perspectives
Статья: Fungal L-lysine α-oxidase (1.4.3.14) (LO) from Trichoderma harzianum Rifai presents an oxidoreductase with a firmly attached coenzyme - FAD. This stable enzyme catalyzes an oxidative deamination of L-lysine yielding hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, and α-keto acid. LO exhibits antitumor activity ...
https://repository.rudn.ru/ru/records/article/record/424/
Alanine and aspartate metabolism (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathwaysAlanine and aspartate metabolism (Homo sapiens) - WikiPathways
Converted from rat to human using ortholog information, originally from KEGG. Originally edited by Sebastien Burel. This pathway describes the degradation of alanine and aspartate. Alanine is broken down by oxidative deamination, the inverse reaction of the reductive amination biosynthesis, catalyzed by the same enzymes. Proteins on this pathway have targeted assays available via the CPTAC Assay Portal ...
https://www.wikipathways.org/index.php?title=Pathway:WP106&oldid=107573
Fumi James: PepsiCos Design Director about Co-Creation - impactmaniaFumi James: PepsiCos Design Director about Co-Creation - impactmania
Fumi James at PepsiCos Manhattan Design & Innovation Center shares why companies that have design as their strategic core perform better.
http://www.impactmania.com/article/fumi-james/
Difference between revisions of User:Michael F. Nagle/Notebook/Chem 571/2013/02/19 - OpenWetWareDifference between revisions of User:Michael F. Nagle/Notebook/Chem 571/2013/02/19 - OpenWetWare
The data obtained from the ADA Assay was not consistent with previous findings, so new solutions were prepared with the following concentrations. These concentrations are within the ideal range of concentrations for deamination of adenosine by ADA, according to literature ...
https://openwetware.org/wiki/?title=User:Michael_F._Nagle/Notebook/Chem_571/2013/02/19&curid=130975&diff=678418&oldid=678417
Crystallization of a truncated soluble human semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase.Crystallization of a truncated soluble human semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase.
Human semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is a homodimeric copper-containing monoamine oxidase that occurs in both a membrane-bound and a soluble form. SSAO is also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1). A truncated soluble form of human SSAO (comprising residues 29-763) was expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells and purified to homogeneity. Tetragonal crystals were obtained and a data set extending to 2.5 A was collected. The crystals are merohedrally twinned and the estimation of the twinning fraction was complicated by pseudo-symmetry and the anisotropic character of the crystals. Using a recently developed method for twinning detection that is insensitive to phenomena such as anisotropy or pseudo-symmetry [Padilla & Yeates (2003), Acta Cryst. D59, 1124-1130], the twinning fraction was estimated to be 0.3. The structure was eventually solved by molecular replacement in space group P4(3).. ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:48989
Observing PlatesObserving Plates
Indole As we have discussed in class, bacteria can catabolize many different organic substances. Some bacteria possess the enzyme tryptophanase, which converts the amino acid tryptophan to pyruvate and indole through a deamination reaction. The pyruvate, then, can be used in fermentation or respiration reactions. Production of indole is used as a test to differentiate tryptophanase positive and tryptophanase negative organisms. We will test E. coli and S. typhimurium for the presence of tryptophanase. Add several colonies of bacteria to a tube containing 1mL of indole broth (0.03% tryptophan, 0.1% peptone, and 0.5% dipotassium phosphate). Incubate at 37 degrees C for 2 hours. Squeeze an indole reagent dropper to break the glass ampule inside the plastic tube. Invert the dropper and add the contents to the bacterial culture. If indole is present, it will react with the p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde present in the reagent to produce a red ring at the surface of the broth. This reaction should occur ...
http://www.bio.davidson.edu/people/dawessner/302/302Lab3.html
PRIME PubMed | Distribution and accumulation of caffeine in rat tissues and its inhibition on semicarbazide-sensitive amine...PRIME PubMed | Distribution and accumulation of caffeine in rat tissues and its inhibition on semicarbazide-sensitive amine...
PubMed journal article: Distribution and accumulation of caffeine in rat tissues and its inhibition on semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android
https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/22841599/Distribution_and_accumulation_of_caffeine_in_rat_tissues_and_its_inhibition_on_semicarbazide_sensitive_amine_oxidase_
Involvement of cerebrovascular semicarbazide-sensitive amine o...Involvement of cerebrovascular semicarbazide-sensitive amine o...
Involvement of cerebrovascular semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in the pathogenesis of Alzheimers disease and vascular dementia.: Fibrillary tangles and s
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/involvement-cerebrovascular-semicarbazide-sensitive-amine-oxidase-pathogenesis-alzheimer-s-disease-vascular-dementia-ea64b6e2
Researchers discover new source of mutations in cancer. ecancer - NewsResearchers discover new source of mutations in cancer. ecancer - News
10 Feb 2016. Mutations are the replacement of DNA bases known as Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T) with other bases.. When mutations such as C to T or G to A are found within a specific DNA sequence, this is known as a mutation signature.. These mutation signatures are like spelling mistakes that carry signs of the agents that caused the mutations.. Ultraviolet light, tobacco smoke and other cancer-causing agents leave behind such signatures in the DNA of tumours.. Recently, a new mutation signature found in cancer cells was suspected to have been created by a family of enzymes found in human cells called the APOBEC3 family.. The study, Strand-biased Cytosine deamination at the Replication Fork causes Cytosine to Thymine Mutations in Escherichia coli, led by Ashok Bhagwat, Ph.D., professor of chemistry in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Wayne State University, was recently published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.. In addition to ...
http://ecancer.org/news/8710-researchers-discover-new-source-of-mutations-in-cancer.php
RNA editing by base deamination: more enzymes, more targets, new mysteries. - Surrey Research Insight Open AccessRNA editing by base deamination: more enzymes, more targets, new mysteries. - Surrey Research Insight Open Access
The posttranscriptional modification of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) by base deamination can profoundly alter the physiological function of the encoded proteins. The recent identification of tRNA-specific adenosine deaminases (ADATs) has led to the suggestion that these enzymes, as well as the cytidine and adenosine deaminases acting on pre-mRNAs (CDARs and ADARs), belong to a superfamily of RNA-dependent deaminases. This superfamily might have evolved from an ancient cytidine deaminase. This article reviews the reactions catalysed by these enzymes and discusses their evolutionary relationships.. ...
http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/825160/
Prof. Rainer Glasers Brief Research DescriptionProf. Rainer Glasers Brief Research Description
Deamination Chemistry: Nucleic Acid Alkylation & Cross-Linking. We have been interested in two types of deaminations and their relation to modifications of DNA bases. The first type relates to the deamination of amines (and derivatives) and their role in the alkylation of DNA. The other relates to the deamination of amino groups in DNA bases. Both of these processes have important biological consequences. In this context, we have been studying decomposition pathways from the bottom up beginning with diazonium ions. We proposed a new bonding model and established crucial links between theory and experiment. Current studies of diazonium ions focus on the mechanisms of their SN chemistry and studies of the diazonium ions of DNA bases. To address questions as to the consequences of alkylation on DNA and RNA structure and properties, our initial studies have focused on studies of base pairing. Non-Synergistic Bonding & Thymine Dimerization. Our analysis of H-bonded Adenine-Thymine, A=T, suggests ...
http://web.missouri.edu/~glaserr/research/RES_DeptHomePage.html
APOBEC1 (apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 1) - Chinchilla Research Resource Database
ENCODES a protein that exhibits cytosine deaminase activity (ortholog); enzyme activator activity (ortholog); mRNA 3-UTR AU-rich region binding (ortholog); INVOLVED IN cellular response to insulin stimulus (ortholog); defense response to virus (ortholog); DNA cytosine deamination (ortholog); ASSOCIATED WITH colon cancer (ortholog); Experimental Liver Cirrhosis (ortholog); familial hyperlipidemia (ortholog)
https://crrd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=12369676
Platelet lysate stimulated fibroblas - lightttryingg96 fun
Decreased diameter of the hepatic arteries following closing of a portacaval shunt Tandem-repeat protein domains, composed of repeated units of conserved stretches of 20-40 amino acids, are sildenafil 100mg required for a wide array of biological functions. Active demethylation in mouse zygotes involves cytosine deamination and base excision repair. Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post-hoc analysis was performed to test for differences between controls and OSA subgroups for testosterone, fatigue components and sleepiness. Cosmic voids refer sildenafil citrate 100mg to the large empty regions in the Universe with a very low number density of galaxies. To date, relapse risk can be female viagra pills predicted by leukocyte and platelet counts only. Rapamycin shows beneficial effects by reducing UUO-induced renal hypoxia, inflammation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Left-handedness: association with college major, familial sinistrality, allergies, and asthma.. Given that increased TNF-alpha ...
http://lightttryingg96.fun/platelet-lysate-stimulated-fibroblas/
Very short patch repair - WikipediaVery short patch repair - Wikipedia
VSR recognises a TG mismatched base pair, generated after spontaneous deamination of methylated cytosines, and it creates a nick on a single strand by cleaving the phosphate backbone on the 5 side of the thymine.[1] Then DNA Polymerase I removes the T and some nucletides on the 3 strand and then resynthesises the patch.[2]. Additionally, GT mismatches can lead to C-to-T transition mutations if not repaired. VSR repairs the mismatches in favour of the G-containing strand. In Escherichia coli, this endonuclease nicks double-stranded DNA within the sequence CT(AT)GN or NT(AT)GG next to the thymidine residue, which is mismatched to 2-deoxyguanosine.[3] The incision is mismatch-dependent and strand specific.. ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Very_short_patch_repair
Akatsuki no Fumi | Manga - MyAnimeList.netAkatsuki no Fumi | Manga - MyAnimeList.net
Looking for information on the manga Akatsuki no Fumi? Find out more with MyAnimeList, the worlds most active online anime and manga community and database. 1. Akatsuki no Fumi (Daybreak Letters) 2. Shinjitsu no Catharsis (The Catharsis of Truth) 3. Moero! Otousan 4. Rasen no Kioku (Spiral Memories) 5. Asa to Yoru no Tenohira ni 6. Kimi ni Okuru 7. Hi no Matoi (pilot)
https://myanimelist.net/manga/16391/Akatsuki_no_Fumi
Bacterial Toxin Leads to CRISPR-Free Mitochondrial DNA Base Editing | GenomeWebBacterial Toxin Leads to CRISPR-Free Mitochondrial DNA Base Editing | GenomeWeb
Aytm - Fumi coffee table | ConnoxAytm - Fumi coffee table | Connox
Buy Fumi Coffee Table from AYTM at the Connox Wohndesign-Shop. Original stamp ✔ 3 % discount on advance payment ✔ 30 days right of return!
https://www.connox.com/categories/furniture/coffee-tables/aytm-fumi-coffee-table.html
Ectopic expression of AID in a non-B cell line triggers A:T and G:C point mutations in non-replicating episomal vectors •...Ectopic expression of AID in a non-B cell line triggers A:T and G:C point mutations in non-replicating episomal vectors •...
Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin genes is currently viewed as a two step process initiated by the deamination of deoxycytidine (C) to
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/publication/ectopic-expression-of-aid-in-a-non-b-cell-line-triggers-at-and-gc-point-mutations-in-non-replicating-episomal-vectors/
OriGene - ENDOD1 (NM 015036) cDNA CloneOriGene - ENDOD1 (NM 015036) cDNA Clone
ENDOD1 - ENDOD1 (untagged)-Human endonuclease domain containing 1 (ENDOD1) available for purchase from OriGene - Your Gene Company.
http://www.origene.com/cdna/trueclone/accession/NM_015036/SC316227.aspx
Activity of omega-amidase in human and animal malignant neoplasms. (ru by T T. BerezovActivity of omega-amidase in human and animal malignant neoplasms. (ru by T T. Berezov
Berezov, T T., Activity of omega-amidase in human and animal malignant neoplasms. (russ.) (1966). Subject Strain Bibliography 1966. 266 ...
https://mouseion.jax.org/ssbb1966/266/
CTPS2 antibodies | AntibodypediaCTPS2 antibodies | Antibodypedia
The protein encoded by this gene catalyzes the formation of CTP from UTP with the concomitant deamination of glutamine to glutamate. This protein is the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of cytosine nucleotides, which play an important role in various metabolic processes and provide the precursors necessary for the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Cancer cells that exhibit increased cell proliferation also exhibit an increased activity of this encoded protein. Thus, this protein is an attractive target for selective chemotherapy. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2013] ...
https://www.antibodypedia.com/gene/337/CTPS2
League of Reason • View topic - So much for that 9th commandment
My work in grad school was on retroviruses, which have a viral RNA genome that they reverse transcribe into proviral DNA once theyre established in the cell, either integrated into the host genome, or floating in the nucleus as an episome; so the ways that RNA can act as a template for DNA are something I know well. We also worked on viral nucleotide metabolism (dUTPase) for infecting terminally differentiated cells, which is relevant here. Fully mature cells (not stem cells) accumulate deoxyuridine (dUTP) through the deamination of deoxycytodine, which can be incorporated into either DNA or RNA, but dUTP acts as a wobble base, producing non-Watson/Crick base pairing with G or A. Any retrovirus that infects fully mature cells has to have a strategy to deal with misincorporation of non-standard nucleotides. This work on nucleotide metabolism has implications for RNA World to DNA switchover. Some modern enzymes and ribozymes have no ability to discriminate between deoxyribose (DNA) and ribose ...
http://theleagueofreason.co.uk/viewtopic.php?f=61&t=15759&sid=bb64528531e9daa48a72ac8ae3337fc8&start=20
Catabolism of Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein ~ New Science BiologyCatabolism of Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein ~ New Science Biology
When fat is used as energy source, glycerol will be converted into PGAL and enter the glycolysis pathway. Fatty acid will also be changed into acetyl- CoA and enter the respiration pathway to be oxidated in mitochondria. Amino acid and protein can also function as energy sources which can be obtained from deamination process. The amino acid will enter respiration pathway with some of the following possibilities ...
https://newsciencebiology.blogspot.com/2013/10/catabolism-of-carbohydrate-fat-and.html
Alpha L-Iduronidase (IDUA or EC 3.2.1.76) - Pipeline Review, H1 2018Alpha L-Iduronidase (IDUA or EC 3.2.1.76) - Pipeline Review, H1 2018
Alpha L-Iduronidase (IDUA or EC 3.2.1.76) - Pipeline Review, H1 2018According to the recently published report Alpha L-Iduronidase (IDUA or EC 3.2.1.76) - Pipeline Review, H1 2018; Alpha L-Iduronidase (IDUA.
https://www.aarkstore.com/pharmaceuticals-healthcare/961158/alpha-l-iduronidase-pipeline-review-h1-2018
Nitrous acid explainedNitrous acid explained
What is Nitrous acid? Nitrous acid is a weak and monobasic acid known only in solution, in the gas phase and in the form of nitrite salts.
http://everything.explained.today/Nitrous_acid/
KAKEN - Researchers | Gomi Fumi (80335364)KAKEN - Researchers | Gomi Fumi (80335364)
Affiliation (Current)：兵庫医科大学,医学部,教授|大阪大学,医学系研究科,招へい教員, Research Field：Ophthalmology,Basic Section 56060:Ophthalmology-related,Ophthalmology, Keywords：加齢黄斑変性,酸化ストレス,網膜,脈絡膜,マクロファージ,脈絡膜新生血管,血管新生,網膜色素上皮,CTGF,MMP, # of Research Projects：14, # of Research Products：116, Ongoing Project：加齢黄斑変性発症リスクを有する中心性漿液性脈絡網膜症早期抽出法の検証
https://nrid.nii.ac.jp/en/nrid/1000080335364/
Heterophobia Fansub - Elektel Delusion
KONU: Bir gün dersten kaçıp çatıda otururken Shunpeinin en iyi arkadaşı ve aynı zamanda komşusu olan Fumi ona gay olabileceğini söyler. Yani şu ana kadar bana o gözle mi bakıyordun? diye korkmaya hazırlanan Shunpei, Fuminin bu itirafının kendisiyle bir ilgisi olmadığını anlayınca biraz hayrete düşer. Fumi zaten başka biriyle çıkmaya başlamıştır. Peki en yakın arkadaşının başkasıyla çıktığını öğrenen Shunpeinin tepkisi ne olacaktır ...
http://www.heterophobiafansub.com/index.php/manga/shounen-ai-yaoi-2/tamamlananlar-5/241-elektel-delusion
How To Take Dating Photos? 060
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Dove Men+Care SPORTCARE Power+Renew Body + Face Wash reviews in Mens Body Wash - XY StuffDove Men+Care SPORTCARE Power+Renew Body + Face Wash reviews in Mens Body Wash - XY Stuff
This is a must buy item on our monthly grocery list.. Both , my husband and my just turned adult son,fought like crazy over the complimentary Dove men care superpower ...all strength in one bottle that we received. These are the rave reviews that I got to hear from them: It feels so fresh after a bath now.......We smell so good........The freshness stayed all day..........It has all the natural ingredients.....No synthetic and no chemicals. ...It forms great lather.......JUST IN TIME ..for summer...Feels so invigorating . Definitely recommended .. ...
https://xystuff.com/item/dove-men-care-sportcare-power-renew-body-face-wash/?rid=790527
Substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase co-operate with vanadate to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin...Substrates of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase co-operate with vanadate to stimulate tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin...
It has been shown that the combination of benzylamine or tyramine and low concentrations of vanadate markedly stimulates glucose transport in rat adipocytes by a mechanism that requires semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) activity and H2O2 formation. Here we have further analysed the insulin-like effects of the combination of SSAO substrates and vanadate and we have studied the signal-transduction pathway activated in rat adipocytes. We found that several SSAO substrates (benzylamine, tyramine, methylamine, n-decylamine, histamine, tryptamine or β-phenylethylamine), in combination with low concentrations of vanadate, stimulate glucose transport in isolated rat adipocytes. Furthermore, SSAO substrates together with vanadate stimulated the recruitment of GLUT4 to the cell surface in isolated rat adipocytes. Benzylamine plus vanadate also stimulated glucose transport and GLUT4 translocation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Benzylamine or tyramine in combination with vanadate potently stimulated the ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/350/1/171
Microbial aspartase and its activity on deamination of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester<...Microbial aspartase and its activity on deamination of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Microbial aspartase and its activity on deamination of L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester. AU - Chung, Wonyoon. AU - Goo, Yang Mo. PY - 1988/6. Y1 - 1988/6. N2 - Examination of many microorganisms and soil isolates for the activity of aspartase proved that R. rubra, G. suboxydans, A. versicolor, P. purpurogenum, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, A. gigantus, A. unguis, A. parasiticus and a soil isolate(S-90) had high activity of aspartase. Comparision of the activity of the aspartase by cell free extracts of these micro-organisms with the activity of the enzyme catalyzing the deamination of aspartame by the same cell free extracts showed similar kinetic characteristics. The aspartase existing in the cell free extracts seemed to catalyze the deamination of aspartame, too.. AB - Examination of many microorganisms and soil isolates for the activity of aspartase proved that R. rubra, G. suboxydans, A. versicolor, P. purpurogenum, E. coli, Ps. aeruginosa, A. gigantus, A. unguis, A. ...
https://yonsei.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/microbial-aspartase-and-its-activity-on-deamination-of-l-aspartyl
Advantages and Disadvantages of Cytidine Deamination | The Journal of ImmunologyAdvantages and Disadvantages of Cytidine Deamination | The Journal of Immunology
Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) was discovered by Muramatsu et al. (7) as an APOBEC1 homolog with cytidine deaminase properties in stimulated B cell lines. Muramatsu et al. (8) showed that AID is necessary for somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination, because AID−/− B lymphocytes do not undergo class switch recombination and fail to accumulate mutations upon Ag stimulation. Mutations in the human AID gene causing lack of function underlie one type of hyper-IgM syndrome. In this syndrome, B cells fail to switch from IgM to other isotypes, and somatic hypermutation of the Ig V regions does not occur (9). This syndrome seemingly connects AID with Ig isotype class switch and somatic hypermutation. Arakawa et al. (10) demonstrated that AID is also required for Ig gene conversion in chicken B cell lines. Thus, AID participates in three different processes that contribute to the diversification of Abs: somatic hypermutation, isotype class switch recombination, and gene ...
https://www.jimmunol.org/content/172/11/6513
Oxygenation and spontaneous deamination of 2-aminobenzenesulphonic acid in Alcaligenes sp. strain O-1 with subsequent meta ring...Oxygenation and spontaneous deamination of 2-aminobenzenesulphonic acid in Alcaligenes sp. strain O-1 with subsequent meta ring...
2-Aminobenzenesulphonic acid (2AS) is degraded by Alcaligenes sp. strain O-1 via a previously detected but unidentified intermediate. A mutant of strain O-1 was found to excrete this intermediate, which was isolated and identified by m.s., 1H- and 13C-n.m.r. as 3-sulphocatechol (3SC). Proteins from cell extracts of strain O-1 were separated by anion-exchange chromatography. A multicomponent oxygenase was observed to convert 1 mol each of NADH, O2 and 2AS into 1 mol each of 3SC, NH3 and NAD+. The enzyme presumably catalysed formation of the ring of a 2-amino-2,3-diol moiety, and elimination in the amino group led to a rearomatization. 3SC was further degraded via meta ring cleavage, which could be prevented by inactivation of the 3-sulphocatechol-2,3-dioxygenase (3SC23O) with 3-chlorocatechol. In Tris buffer, the separated 3SC23O catalysed the reaction of 1 mol each of 3SC and O2 involving a transient yellow intermediate, and release of 1 mol of sulphite and two organic products. The major ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/300/2/429
3iqs - Proteopedia, life in 3D3iqs - Proteopedia, life in 3D
The APOBEC family members are involved in diverse biological functions. APOBEC3G restricts the replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus and retroelements by cytidine deamination on single-stranded DNA or by RNA binding. Here we report the high-resolution crystal structure of the carboxy-terminal deaminase domain of APOBEC3G (APOBEC3G-CD2) purified from Escherichia coli. The APOBEC3G-CD2 structure has a five-stranded beta-sheet core that is common to all known deaminase structures and closely resembles the structure of another APOBEC protein, APOBEC2 (ref. 5). A comparison of APOBEC3G-CD2 with other deaminase structures shows a structural conservation of the active-site loops that are directly involved in substrate binding. In the X-ray structure, these APOBEC3G active-site loops form a continuous substrate groove around the active centre. The orientation of this putative substrate groove differs markedly (by 90 degrees) from the groove predicted by the NMR ...
http://proteopedia.org/wiki/index.php/3iqs
Plus itPlus it
Membrane-associated semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is mainly present in the media of aorta and in adipose tissue. Recent works have reported that SSAO activation can stimulate glucose transport of fat cells and promote adipose conversion. In this study, the murine 3T3-L1 preadipose cell line was used to investigate SSAO regulation by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), a cytokine that is synthesized in fat cells and known to be involved in obesity-linked insulin resistance. SSAO mRNA and protein levels, and enzyme activity were decreased by TNF-α in a dose- and time-dependent manner, without any change of SSAO affinity for substrates or inhibitors. SSAO inhibition caused by TNF-α was spontaneously reversed along the time after TNF-α removal. The decrease in SSAO expression also occurred in white adipose tissue of C57BL/6 mice treated with mTNF-α. Overall, we demonstrated that reduction in SSAO expression induced by the cytokine had marked repercussions on amine-stimulated ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/304/3/1197
Molecules and CellsMolecules and Cells
promoter differs between paraffin-fixed and fresh-frozen tissues of glioblastoma (Hamilton et al., 2011). On evaluating 38 patients with GC, LINE-1 was reportedly more hypermethylated in FFPE tissues than in paired fresh-frozen tissues (Song et al., 2016).. Since the patient tissues were dissected for different purposes, they were preserved in various forms and given different pre-treatments. For pathological examination, GC tissues were fixed with formalin and embedded in paraffin. In contrast, for genomic analysis, tissues were immediately frozen in liquid nitrogen without fixation following gastrectomy. Bisulfite conversion can be affected by formalin fixation, as sequence artifacts such as cytosine deamination can be caused by formaldehyde (Do and Dobrovic, 2015). Therefore, we screened the LINE-1 methylation patterns in each tissue type separately to determine whether LINE-1 can be used as a marker under all circumstances. In the current study, we used samples from different patient groups, ...
http://molcells.inforang.com/journal/view.html?doi=10.14348/molcells.2017.0013
Isolation of phosphooligosaccharide/phosphoinositol glycan from caveolae and cytosol of insulin-stimulated cells. | Journal of...Isolation of phosphooligosaccharide/phosphoinositol glycan from caveolae and cytosol of insulin-stimulated cells. | Journal of...
A phosphooligosaccharide has been proposed as a second messenger of insulin. It is believed to be structurally related to the carbohydrate moiety of phosphatidylinositol glycan anchors of many cell surface proteins. Herein we demonstrate that [32]phosphate in freshly isolated adipocytes and [3H]galactose in cultured hepatoma cells (H4IIE) labeled the same set of three different glycolipids. With all three, the radiolabel was made water soluble by phosphatidylinositol(glycan)-specific phospholipase C or D catalyzed hydrolysis. We isolated the three phospholipase C-released substances. One of them was susceptible to nitrous acid deamination, indicative of a hexosamine with a free amino group. This phosphooligosaccharide structure had an apparent molecular mass between tetra- and pentaglucose by gel filtration. By anion-exchange chromatography it was separated into two differently charged and interconvertible species. Adipocytes stimulated with insulin accumulated the nitrous acid sensitive ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/131/1/125/59037/Isolation-of-phosphooligosaccharide
CpG Islands Super-track SettingsCpG Islands Super-track Settings
CpG islands are associated with genes, particularly housekeeping genes, in vertebrates. CpG islands are typically common near transcription start sites and may be associated with promoter regions. Normally a C (cytosine) base followed immediately by a G (guanine) base (a CpG) is rare in vertebrate DNA because the Cs in such an arrangement tend to be methylated. This methylation helps distinguish the newly synthesized DNA strand from the parent strand, which aids in the final stages of DNA proofreading after duplication. However, over evolutionary time, methylated Cs tend to turn into Ts because of spontaneous deamination. The result is that CpGs are relatively rare unless there is selective pressure to keep them or a region is not methylated for some other reason, perhaps having to do with the regulation of gene expression. CpG islands are regions where CpGs are present at significantly higher levels than is typical for the genome as a whole.. The unmasked version of the track displays potential ...
http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTrackUi?hgsid=793661987_vAue9EIFXZ1OBNgOKJETCNtclVyl&c=chr17&g=cpgIslandSuper
CpG Islands Track SettingsCpG Islands Track Settings
CpG islands are associated with genes, particularly housekeeping genes, in vertebrates. CpG islands are typically common near transcription start sites and may be associated with promoter regions. Normally a C (cytosine) base followed immediately by a G (guanine) base (a CpG) is rare in vertebrate DNA because the Cs in such an arrangement tend to be methylated. This methylation helps distinguish the newly synthesized DNA strand from the parent strand, which aids in the final stages of DNA proofreading after duplication. However, over evolutionary time, methylated Cs tend to turn into Ts because of spontaneous deamination. The result is that CpGs are relatively rare unless there is selective pressure to keep them or a region is not methylated for some other reason, perhaps having to do with the regulation of gene expression. CpG islands are regions where CpGs are present at significantly higher levels than is typical for the genome as a whole.. The unmasked version of the track displays potential ...
http://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTrackUi?hgsid=816211363_A13xicmdxxUhehANrB9yesdQGBwl&c=chr4&g=cpgIslandExt
Herbal doping - for athletes and active peopleHerbal doping - for athletes and active people
Celandine works differently than the rosary, it primarily affects protein metabolism. In the intestine, proteins are digested into amino acids that partially undergo decarboxylation and deamination processes, resulting in a reduced amount of absorbed amino acids and thus a deterioration of the protein balance.. The products of these processes also adversely affect the entire body. Drinking an infusion of celandine inhibits the processes of deamination and decarboxylation in the large intestine, thanks to which more amino acids are absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and the amino acid balance and consequently the protein balance are improved.. A larger amount of amino acids is involved in the formation of muscle proteins. Thanks to the beneficial effect of celandine on the digestion of proteins and reduction of the secretion of harmful substances - ketones, amines and hydrogen sulfide, celandine has a very positive effect on well-being, muscle function, liver, and also has a positive effect ...
https://www.thegreenenergyblog.com/herbal-doping/
Putative C-|U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4Putative C-|U-editing enzyme APOBEC-4
This gene encodes a member of the AID/APOBEC family of polynucleotide (deoxy)cytidine deaminases, which convert cytidine to uridine. Other AID/APOBEC family members are involved in mRNA editing, somatic hypermutation and recombination of immunoglobulin genes, and innate immunity to retroviral infection. [provided by RefSeq, Jul 2008 ...
https://pharos.nih.gov/idg/targets/Q8WW27
OPUS 4 | SearchOPUS 4 | Search
The generation of viral mutants in vitro was demonstrated by treatment of the isolated RNA of Tobacco Mosaic Virus by nitrous acid. This agent causes deaminations converting cytosine into uracil, and adenine into hypoxanthine. Our assay for mutagenesis was the production of local lesions on a tobacco variety on which the untreated strain produces systemic infections only. A variety of different mutants are generated in this way. Quantitative analysis of the kinetics of mutagenesis leads to the conclusion that alteration of a single out of the 6000 nucleotides of the viral RNA is sufficient for causing a mutation ...
https://edoc.bbaw.de/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/all/rows/10/doctypefq/workingpaper/start/0/author_facetfq/Gierer%2C+Alfred/subjectfq/RNA
ADARB1 QuickView - Correlation Engine
This gene encodes the enzyme responsible for pre-mRNA editing of the glutamate receptor subunit B by site-specific deamination of adenosines. Studies in rat found that this enzyme acted on its own pre-mRNA molecules to convert an AA dinucleotide to an AI …
http://www.nextbio.com/b/search/ov/ADARB1
FacultyUserView | IIT
The research focus of our group is on structural biochemistry. We employ a combination of X-ray crystallographic and biochemical techniques to develop insights into various cellular pathways. In particular, we employ structural information to understand mechanism of catalysis of enzymes involved in select biosynthetic pathways. Our major research areas include study of the mechanism of catalytic coupling and channeling of unstable intermediates in purine metabolism. We also employ a combination of sequence and structural information to decipher structure-activity and evolutionary relationships of enzymes involved in nucleobase deamination. In addition, our laboratory studies proteins involved in antibiotic production and resistance pathways in various streptomyces species. Together these studies facilitate in identification and design of novel drug targets and aid in rationally engineering an enzyme with therapeutic applications.. ...
https://www.chem.iitb.ac.in/?q=facultyuserview/23
Free One Mans Castle Clarence Darrow In Defense Of The American DreamFree One Mans Castle Clarence Darrow In Defense Of The American Dream
establish the free one of the provisions in & within the College of Arts and Sciences. For different 30-second appliances, deny the dox Deamination to evaluate the individual leiomyosarcoma. How can my faculty be activated?
http://ericksonlive.it/pdf.php?q=free-one-mans-castle-clarence-darrow-in-defense-of-the-american-dream/
3335 - Can I use the DNA directly from enzymatic reaction for Epitect Bisulfite treatment with the Epitect Bisulfite kit (cat....3335 - Can I use the DNA directly from enzymatic reaction for Epitect Bisulfite treatment with the Epitect Bisulfite kit (cat....
The depurination of DNA as the first step of the Epitect Bisulfite kit (cat. no. 59104) workflow is a chemical reaction, theres no problem at all using the DNA directly after enzymatic reaction. ...
https://www.qiagen.com/no/resources/faq?id=feeccf6d-6b09-4161-996c-f1badaf62206&lang=en
Construction of a new ammonia production facility in Slovakia | Hi-Force Hydraulic Tools
Hi-Force Limited was appointed to assist with the bolting works during the construction and commissioning phase of a new ammonia production plant in Slovakia...
https://www.hi-force.com/it/project-details/22/construction-of-a-new-ammonia-production-facility-in-slovakia
Deamidation Assessment - Creative BiolabsDeamidation Assessment - Creative Biolabs
Creative Biolabs has established a platform predict and assess deamidation of antibody therapeutics as part of manufacturability assessment.
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/Deamidation.htm
Marijke Helwegen is no longer an advocate of breast implants
Update: 9 minutes ago. 1. Marijke Helwegen, who, after leaking breast prostheses was having an operation, is no fan more of implants.. It feels to me like a kind of repentance, she says in The Telegraaf. Ambassador, I am now a kind of whistleblower. I dont need that stuff no more in my slender body.. Yet she wants others who have breast implants consider, not stop it. Do you realize that these things are not a very life last. Let check them regularly for leaks. That I have not done and that was wrong.. ...
https://www.firstorderhistorians.com/2019/02/07/marijke-helwegen-is-no-longer-an-advocate-of-breast-implants/
DeaminationDeamination
... of guanine results in the formation of xanthine. Xanthine, however, still pairs with cytosine. Deamination of ... this spontaneous deamination is corrected for by the removal of uracil (product of cytosine deamination and not part of DNA) by ... Deamination is the removal of an amino group from a molecule. Enzymes that catalyse this reaction are called deaminases. In the ... Spontaneous deamination is the hydrolysis reaction of cytosine into uracil, releasing ammonia in the process. This can occur in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deamination
Oxidative deaminationOxidative deamination
... is a form of deamination that generates α-keto acids and other oxidized products from amine-containing ... Another enzyme responsible for oxidative deamination is monoamine oxidase, which catalyzes the deamination of monoamines via ... Oxidative deamination is an important step in the catabolism of amino acids, generating a more metabolizable form of the amino ... Oxidative deamination is stereospecific, meaning it contains different stereoisomers as reactants and products; this process is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidative_deamination
Protein catabolismProtein catabolism
Oxidative deamination is the first step to breaking down the amino acids so that they can be converted to sugars. The process ... "Oxidative Deamination". chemistry.elmhurst.edu. Retrieved 2016-10-25. "GLYCOLYSIS AND THE KREBS CYCLE". homepage.smc.edu. ... Transamination leads to the same result as deamination: the remaining acid will undergo either glycolysis or the TCA cycle to ... Among the several degrading processes for amino acids are Deamination (removal of an amino group), transamination (transfer of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_catabolism
David M. LemalDavid M. Lemal
A Stereospecific Deamination". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 88 (6): 1335-1336. doi:10.1021/ja00958a056. ISSN 0002- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_M._Lemal
D-serine ammonia-lyaseD-serine ammonia-lyase
METZLER DE, SNELL EE (1952). "Deamination of serine. II. D-Serine dehydrase, a vitamin B6 enzyme from Escherichia coli". J. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D-serine_ammonia-lyase
APOBEC3GAPOBEC3G
The predicted deamination reaction is driven by a direct nucleophilic attack on position 4 of the cytidine pyrimidine ring by ... The deamination activity ultimately results in G→A hypermutations at "hot spots" of the proviral DNA. Such hypermutation ... Water is needed as a source of both a proton and hydroxyl group donor (Figure 2). The deamination (and resulting oxidation) at ... APOBEC3G belongs to the family of cytidine deaminases that catalyze the deamination of cytidine to uridine in the single ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APOBEC3G
Sarcosine dehydrogenaseSarcosine dehydrogenase
There is no deamination step. Instead, the demethylation of the N-methyl group on sarcosine occurs directly. The reduced FADH− ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarcosine_dehydrogenase
Threonine ammonia-lyaseThreonine ammonia-lyase
ISBN 978-1-4292-7635-1. Umbarger HE, Brown B (January 1957). "Threonine deamination in Escherichia coli. II. Evidence for two L ... the threonine deamination capabilities of the enzyme go unchecked. This degrades threonine before the herbivore can absorb it, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threonine_ammonia-lyase
Sandmeyer reactionSandmeyer reaction
2. Substitutive deamination of arylamines by alkyl nitrites and copper(II) halides. A direct and remarkably efficient ... M. P. Doyle, B. Siegfried and J. F. Dellaria (1977). "Alkyl nitrite-metal halide deamination reactions. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandmeyer_reaction
Inosine triphosphateInosine triphosphate
ITP results from deamination of ATP. Incorporation of ITP into the DNA from the nucleotide pool can lead to DNA damage, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inosine_triphosphate
Nucleic acid analogueNucleic acid analogue
Deamination of Guanine is not mutagenic. Nitrous acid-induced mutations also are induced to mutate back to wild-type using ... It can cause deamination of the amino groups of Adenine, Guanine and Cytosine. Adenine is deaminated to hypoxanthine, which ... not used as xanthine is a deamination product) However, correct DNA structure can form even when the bases are not paired via ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_analogue
Harold Edwin UmbargerHarold Edwin Umbarger
Umbarger, H. E.; Brown, B. (1957). "Threonine deamination in Escherichia coli II. Evidence for two L-threonine deaminases". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Edwin_Umbarger
Base excision repairBase excision repair
Xanthine formed from deamination of guanine. (Thymidine products following deamination of 5-methylcytosine are more difficult ... Jayanta Chaudhuri & Frederick W. Alt (2004). "Class-switch recombination: interplay of transcription, DNA deamination and DNA ... the most common ones being deamination, oxidation, and alkylation. These modifications can affect the ability of the base to ... Uracil inappropriately incorporated in DNA or formed by deamination of cytosine In addition to base lesions, the downstream ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_excision_repair
Metabolic wasteMetabolic waste
Ammonia poisoning Deamination Chris M. Wood; R.S. Munger; D.P. Toews (1989). "Ammonia, urea, and H+ distribution and the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolic_waste
DCMP deaminaseDCMP deaminase
I. The enzymatic deamination of deoxycytidine 5'-phosphate and of 5-methyldeoxycytidine 5-methyldeoxycytidine 5'-phosphate". ... Scarano E, Bonaduce L (December 1960). "The enzymatic deamination of 6-aminopyrimidine deoxyribonucleotides. II. Purification ... Deoxycytidine monophosphate Deoxyuridine monophosphate Scarano E (March 1960). "The enzymatic deamination of 6-aminopyrimidine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCMP_deaminase
Nucleic acid sequenceNucleic acid sequence
Similarly, deamination of cytosine results in uracil. In biological systems, nucleic acids contain information which is used by ... both of them through deamination (replacement of the amine-group with a carbonyl-group). Hypoxanthine is produced from adenine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence
Viviana SimonViviana Simon
Mulder, L. C. F.; Harari, A.; Simon, V. (2008-04-07). "Cytidine deamination induced HIV-1 drug resistance". Proceedings of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviana_Simon
PSMD1PSMD1
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (Jun 2003). "DNA deamination ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... Harris RS, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Malim MH, Neuberger MS (Jul 2003). "DNA deamination: not just a trigger for antibody ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD1
PSMD8PSMD8
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (Jun 2003). "DNA deamination ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... Harris RS, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Malim MH, Neuberger MS (Jul 2003). "DNA deamination: not just a trigger for antibody ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD8
PSMD9PSMD9
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (Jun 2003). "DNA deamination ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD9
PSME4PSME4
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (Jun 2003). "DNA deamination ... Harris RS, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Malim MH, Neuberger MS (Jul 2003). "DNA deamination: not just a trigger for antibody ... "Entrez Gene: PSME4 proteasome (prosome, macropain) activator subunit 4". Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSME4
APOBEC1APOBEC1
A1's deamination of the cytosine base yields uracil, which creates a stop codon in the mRNA. A1 has been linked with both ... Hydrolytic deamination of the cytosine amine group then occurs, catalyzed by the proton transfer from the nearby glutamic acid ... A1 modifies the cytosine base at position 6666 on the ApoB mRNA strand through a deamination. An A1 dimer first binds to ACF, ... The antiviral properties of A1 extend to both DNA and RNA due to its deamination function, which can hinder DNA replication and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APOBEC1
PSMD12PSMD12
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (Jun 2003). "DNA deamination ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD12
Monoamine oxidaseMonoamine oxidase
... s catalyze the oxidative deamination of monoamines. Oxygen is used to remove an amine group (plus the adjacent ... Garrick NA, Murphy DL (1980). "Species differences in the deamination of dopamine and other substrates for monoamine oxidase in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoamine_oxidase
PSMD6PSMD6
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (2003). "DNA deamination mediates ... Goff SP (2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674 ... Harris RS, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Malim MH, Neuberger MS (2003). "DNA deamination: not just a trigger for antibody ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD6
APOBEC3CAPOBEC3C
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (June 2003). "DNA deamination ... Harris RS, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Malim MH, Neuberger MS (July 2003). "DNA deamination: not just a trigger for antibody ... "Enhancing the Catalytic Deamination Activity of APOBEC3C Is Insufficient to Inhibit Vif-Deficient HIV-1". Journal of Molecular ... "Single-strand specificity of APOBEC3G accounts for minus-strand deamination of the HIV genome". Nature Structural & Molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/APOBEC3C
PSMD3PSMD3
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (Jun 2003). "DNA deamination ... Goff SP (Aug 2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092- ... Harris RS, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Malim MH, Neuberger MS (Jul 2003). "DNA deamination: not just a trigger for antibody ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD3
AtromentinAtromentin
The initial step is deamination via an aminotransferase. The second step is catalyzed by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase-like ... 4-HPP is produced from a deamination via an aminotransferase. The genetic basis of these two genes is clustered (i.e., adjacent ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atromentin
PSMD10PSMD10
Harris RS, Bishop KN, Sheehy AM, Craig HM, Petersen-Mahrt SK, Watt IN, Neuberger MS, Malim MH (2003). "DNA deamination mediates ... Goff SP (2003). "Death by deamination: a novel host restriction system for HIV-1". Cell. 114 (3): 281-3. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMD10
Chloroplast DNAChloroplast DNA
G deamination gradients. DNA becomes susceptible to deamination events when it is single stranded. When replication forks form ... the strand not being copied is single stranded, and thus at risk for A → G deamination. Therefore, gradients in deamination ... Deamination occurs when an amino group is lost and is a mutation that often results in base changes. When adenine is deaminated ... In addition to the early microscopy experiments, this model is also supported by the amounts of deamination seen in cpDNA. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chloroplast_DNA
Immunity through DNA deamination<...Immunity through DNA deamination<...
Neuberger, M. S., Harris, R. S., Di Noia, J., & Petersen-Mahrt, S. K. (2003). Immunity through DNA deamination. Trends in ... Immunity through DNA deamination. / Neuberger, Michael S.; Harris, Reuben S.; Di Noia, Javier et al. ... Immunity through DNA deamination. Trends in Biochemical Sciences. 2003 Jun 1;28(6):305-312. doi: 10.1016/S0968-0004(03)00111-7 ... Whereas DNA deamination targeted to the endogenous Ig locus triggers a program of somatic gene diversification that underpins ...
https://scholars.uthscsa.edu/en/publications/immunity-through-dna-deamination
IMSEAR at SEARO: Biotin metabolism in micro-organisms. III. Aspartic-acid oxidation and de-amination.
Aspartic-acid oxidation and de-amination. Indian Journal of Medical Research. 1953 Jan; 41(1): 69-84. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/23249
Streptococcus Lab: Id Strep Species General Methods Section 2 | CDCStreptococcus Lab: Id Strep Species General Methods Section 2 | CDC
Acid formation in: Lac=lactose, Man=mannitol, Raf=raffinose, Arg=deamination of arginine, PYR=pyrrolidonylarylaminadase, and VP ... deamination of arginine; α-gal, production of α-galactosidase; β-glu, production of β-glucouronidase; β-gal, production of -β- ...
https://www.cdc.gov/streplab/other-strep/general-methods-section2.html
Factors influencing bacterial deamination: Aspartase II: its occurrence in and extraction from Bacterium coli and its...Factors influencing bacterial deamination: Aspartase II: its occurrence in and extraction from Bacterium coli and its...
Factors influencing bacterial deamination: The deamination of glycine, dl-alanine and l-glutamic acid by Bacterium coli. ... Factors influencing bacterial deamination: Aspartase II: its occurrence in and extraction from Bacterium coli and its ... Factors influencing bacterial deamination: Aspartase II: its occurrence in and extraction from Bacterium coli and its ... Factors influencing bacterial deamination: Factors influencing the activity of dl-serine deaminase in Bacterium coli. ...
https://m.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41987682
Lisdexamfetamine - WikipediaLisdexamfetamine - Wikipedia
... and deamination.[82][88] The known metabolic pathways, detectable metabolites, and metabolizing enzymes in humans include the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisdexamfetamine
Journal of Biological ChemistryJournal of Biological Chemistry
Although overall structurally similar, A3s have vastly varying deamination activity and substrate preferences. Recent crystal ...
https://www.jbc.org/ASBMB-Award-Articles?startPage=&ContribAuthorRaw=Lee%2C+Jeong+Min
APOBEC3B apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBIAPOBEC3B apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3B [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
involved_in DNA cytosine deamination IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/9582
DeCS 2016 - June 12, 2016 versionDeCS 2016 - June 12, 2016 version
Deaminations use Deamination Deamino Arginine Vasopressin Deanol Deanol Bisorcate use Deanol Deaspartylase, ...
https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2016_Alfab-D.htm
Display 100 results per pageDisplay 100 results per page
Oxidative deamination of lysine residues by polyphenols generates an equilibrium of aldehyde and 2-piperidinol products. ... Previous studies have shown that polyphenol-mediated oxidative deamination of lysine residues can be associated with altered ... Polyphenols, especially catechol-type polyphenols, exhibit lysyl oxidase-like activity and mediate oxidative deamination of ...
https://www.jbc.org/Metabolism?startPage=0&pageSize=100
Biomolecules | Free Full-Text | Histamine Intolerance: The Current State of the ArtBiomolecules | Free Full-Text | Histamine Intolerance: The Current State of the Art
... catalyzes the oxidative deamination of the primary amine group of histamine [14,16,17]. On the other hand, histamine can be ... where it also catalyzes the oxidative deamination of the primary amino group of histamine into its corresponding aldehyde, ... a byproduct of the deamination reaction, in the cell wall structuring, lignification and mobilization of seed reserves during ... which are formed through enzymatic deamination of the amino acids tyrosine, ornithine (and/or agmatine) and lysine, ...
https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/10/8/1181
AuthentiCT: a model of ancient DNA damage to estimate the proportion of present-day DNA contamination | Genome Biology | Full...AuthentiCT: a model of ancient DNA damage to estimate the proportion of present-day DNA contamination | Genome Biology | Full...
Ancient DNA deamination patterns used in this study. Deamination patterns in aDNA sequences depend on the DNA library ... Here, rss and rds denote the deamination rates in single-stranded regions (including the single-stranded overhangs) and double- ... The datasets differ in the number of sequences (a), deamination rates (b) and sequencing error/divergence rates (c). Each point ... By default, we use a GC content of 40%, a terminal deamination rate of 0.5 and an error/divergence rate of 0.001, and set the ...
https://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-020-02123-y
Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus | Nature...Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus | Nature...
Functions and consequences of AID/APOBEC-mediated DNA and RNA deamination. Nat. Rev. Genet. 7, 1-14 (2022). ... In some circumstances (for example, lower levels of deamination), APOBEC3-mediating mutations might not completely disrupt the ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01907-y?error=cookies_not_supported
Cubensis or Mexicana? - The Psychedelic Experience - Shroomery Message BoardCubensis or Mexicana? - The Psychedelic Experience - Shroomery Message Board
This occurs by deamination. Deamination of amino acids results in the production of ammonia (NH3). ...
https://www.shroomery.org/forums/showflat.php/Number/1439756/fpart/all
PDB 3b3s structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBIPDB 3b3s structure summary ‹ Protein Data Bank in Europe (PDBe) ‹ EMBL-EBI
Functions and consequences of AID/APOBEC-mediated DNA and RNA deamination. Pecori et al. (2022) ...
https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/entry/pdb/3b3s
Fluvoxamine ER Capsules: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.comFluvoxamine ER Capsules: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.com
A third metabolite, fluvoxethanol, formed by oxidative deamination, accounted for about 10%. Fluvoxamine acid and fluvoxethanol ... the main metabolic routes are oxidative demethylation and deamination. Nine metabolites were identified following a 5 mg ...
https://www.drugs.com/pro/fluvoxamine-er-capsules.html
Molecular Biology (BMBB) - Research output - Experts@MinnesotaMolecular Biology (BMBB) - Research output - [email protected]
Electrochemical direct detection of DNA deamination catalyzed by APOBEC3G. Chiba, J., Kouno, T., Aoki, S., Sato, H., Zhang, J. ... Subcellular localization of the APOBEC3 proteins during mitosis and implications for genomic DNA deamination. Lackey, L., Law, ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/organisations/molecular-biology-bmbb/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=true&page=2
Amines - LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies | Library of Congress
Deamination. *. Exact Matching Concepts from Other Schemes. *. amines *. Closely Matching Concepts from Other Schemes. *. ...
https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85004479.html
Erowid.org: References DatabaseErowid.org: References Database
THE EFFECTS OF RING-METHYOXYL GROUPS ON BIOLOGICAL DEAMINATION OF PHEN... J Med Chem. 1965. ...
https://www.erowid.org/references/refs.php?S=phenethy&SField=all
CN109759417B - Environment-friendly microbial garbage treatment device and garbage treatment method - Google Patents
... thiobacillus deamination and thiobacillus ferrooxidans to the active packing, enabling the odor to sequentially pass through ...
https://patents.google.com/patent/CN109759417B/en
Paleogenomic Analysis Places Ancient Eurasian Elephant Within African Lineages | GenomeWebPaleogenomic Analysis Places Ancient Eurasian Elephant Within African Lineages | GenomeWeb
The sequences all harbored signs of cytosine deamination, which is common among ancient samples. ...
https://www.genomeweb.com/sequencing/paleogenomic-analysis-places-ancient-eurasian-elephant-within-african-lineages
Frontiers | Production of Volatile and Sulfur Compounds by 10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Inoculated in Trebbiano MustFrontiers | Production of Volatile and Sulfur Compounds by 10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Inoculated in Trebbiano Must
... via deamination, followed by decarboxylation (Ehrlich reaction); the aldehyde thus formed, 3-(methylthio)-1-propanal (methional ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2016.00243/full
PuRe Publications | Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
Zemojtel, T.; Kielbasa, S. M.; Arndt, P. F.; Chung, H.-R.; Vingron, M.: Methylation and deamination of CpGs generate p53- ... Zemojtel, T.; Kielbasa, S. M.; Arndt, P. F.; Behrens, S.; Bourque, G.; Vingron, M.: CpG deamination creates transcription ...
https://www.molgen.mpg.de/publication-search/3450177?person=%2Fpersons%2Fresource%2Fpersons50380
Zoloft (Sertraline) for Depression, Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions & WarningsZoloft (Sertraline) for Depression, Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions & Warnings
Both sertraline and N-desmethylsertraline undergo oxidative deamination and subsequent reduction, hydroxylation, and ...
https://www.rxlist.com/zoloft-drug.htm
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Medication: Blood Products/Immunoglobulins, Metabolic EnzymesSevere Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Medication: Blood Products/Immunoglobulins, Metabolic Enzymes
ADA is an enzyme of the purine salvage pathway that is responsible for adenosine and deoxyadenosine deamination to inosine and ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/210249-191395/which-medications-in-the-drug-class-blood-productsimmunoglobulins-are-used-in-the-treatment-of-severe-combined-immunodeficiency-scid
Monoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A): A Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer | IntechOpenMonoamine Oxidase A (MAO-A): A Therapeutic Target in Lung Cancer | IntechOpen
... a pro-oxidative enzyme catalyzes the oxidative deamination of endogenous and exogenous monoamines/neurotransmitters like ... Monoamine oxidase A, an enzyme responsible for the oxidative deamination of biogenic amines, is well-known to be closely ... Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), a pro-oxidative enzyme catalyzes the oxidative deamination of endogenous and exogenous monoamines/ ... Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a mitochondrial outer membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of biogenic ...
https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/74379
Active Cancer Biomarkers Grants | Division of Cancer PreventionActive Cancer Biomarkers Grants | Division of Cancer Prevention
Cytosine Deamination Adducts and Cancer Etiology PAR-18-704: Innovative Basic Research on Adducts in Cancer Risk Identification ...
https://prevention.cancer.gov/research-groups/cancer-biomarkers/grants?topic=All&order=field_organization_organisation_name_1&sort=asc&page=10
Lawrence LabLawrence Lab
For instance, spontaneous deamination of methylated CpGs causes the transition mutations that dominate many tumor types. ...
https://www.massgeneral.org/cancer-center/clinical-trials-and-research/center-for-cancer-research/investigators/lawrence-lab
Oxidative deaminationUracilCytosine deaminationEnzymatic deaminationAdenosine deaminaseMethylationTransaminationSpontaneousCytidineInosineEndogenousMutationsFactorsActivityHydrolyticCytidine deaminationOxidative deamination of naturally occurringAdenosineGenerated following AIFrequency of deaminationEnzymaticTransaminationPurineOxidationCatalyzesMechanismMethylationAssaysMediatesPhenylalanineDeoxyadenosineAminoEncoded proteinsSubstratesADARAdeninePolymeraseFragmentationUridineGlutamateResiduesPhysiologicalEnzymesInvolvesGenesProteinTranscriptionSpecificModificationTargetMouse
Oxidative deamination3
  • Monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), a pro-oxidative enzyme catalyzes the oxidative deamination of endogenous and exogenous monoamines/neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine or tyramine and converting them into their corresponding aldehydes and reactive oxygen species (ROS). (intechopen.com)
  • Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) is a mitochondrial outer membrane-bound enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of biogenic amines and subsequently generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) as a catalytic by product. (intechopen.com)
  • Ammonia can build up during a workout from the breakdown of AMP(a byproduct of ATP) via a process known as oxidative deamination. (naturalbodyinc.com)
Uracil5
  • Recent evidence indicates that all three processes are caused by the deamination of cytosine to uracil at sites within the immunoglobulin (Ig) loci, with the pattern of diversification depending on the pathway used for resolving the initiating dU-dG lesion. (uthscsa.edu)
  • BACKGROUND: Uracil DNA glycosylases (UDGs) are major repair enzymes thatprotect DNA from mutational damage caused by uracil incorporated as aresult of a polymerase error or deamination of cytosine. (embl-heidelberg.de)
  • Studies have reported that the locus of the human-origin A3 enzyme codes for six functional cytidine deaminases (A-3A, -3B, -3C, -3F, -3G, and -3H), described initially as intrinsic cell limiting factors against viral organisms through cytidine to uracil deamination in ssDNA (single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid). (socialworker-findoffice.com)
  • For example, loss of an amino group in cytosine (a reaction called deamination) forms uracil. (thelib.info)
  • For example, nitrous acid (HNO 2 ) and its relatives can turn cytosine in DNA into uracil by deamination: they convert an amino group on cytosine (-NH 2 ) into a keto group. (thelib.info)
Cytosine deamination2
  • I propose an explanation of these cytosine deamination. (cdc.gov)
  • The sequences all harbored signs of cytosine deamination, which is common among ancient samples. (genomeweb.com)
Enzymatic deamination1
  • Note that the left tube contents exhibited a greenish coloration, indicating the enzymatic deamination of the phenylalanine contained within, converting it to phenylpyruvic acid. (cdc.gov)
Adenosine deaminase2
  • The essential tRNA-specific adenosine deaminase catalyzes the deamination of adenosine to inosine at the wobble position of tRNAs. (rcsb.org)
  • Purine analogues mimic this condition by irreversibly binding to adenosine deaminase or by fostering resistance to deamination in the purine salvage pathway. (medscape.com)
Methylation3
  • Methylation and deamination of CpGs generate p53-binding sites on a genomic scale. (mpg.de)
  • About 75% of CpG doublets have become TpG or CpA since the common ancestor, in agreement with the methylation/deamination pattern. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Four biotransformation pathways of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine (MDMA) in the rat have been identified: N-demethylation, O-dealkylation, deamination, and conjugation (O-methylation, O-glucuronidation, and/or O-sulfation). (erowid.org)
Transamination1
  • Amino acids perform protein synthesis, deamination, transamination and other functions in the liver. (allaboutfeed.net)
Spontaneous2
  • For instance, spontaneous deamination of methylated CpG's causes the transition mutations that dominate many tumor types. (massgeneral.org)
  • This alteration has the same result as a spontaneous deamination: instead of a G, DNA polymerase inserts an A (base-pairs with U). (thelib.info)
Cytidine3
  • A3F extensively deaminated the deoxyribonucleic acid of MPXV and sequencing analysis showed monotonous but widespread cytidine-based deaminations of the two DNA strands. (socialworker-findoffice.com)
  • Contrastingly, no profound 3′ or 5'CpG nucleotide context was observed, thereby eliminating the cytidine deamination/hypermethylation-associated phenomenon. (socialworker-findoffice.com)
  • Correlation between cytidine deaminase genotype and gemcitabine deamination in blood samples. (cdc.gov)
Inosine1
  • ADA is an enzyme of the purine salvage pathway that is responsible for adenosine and deoxyadenosine deamination to inosine and deoxyinosine, respectively. (medscape.com)
Endogenous1
  • Whereas DNA deamination targeted to the endogenous Ig locus triggers a program of somatic gene diversification that underpins adaptive immunity, deamination targeted to foreign DNA might have arisen initially as a form of innate immunity. (uthscsa.edu)
Mutations1
  • MBD4 is bifunctional, one domain acting as a DNA repair enzyme to minimize mutations caused by deamination of 5-methylcytosine, and a second domain acting to repress transcription in promotors containing 5-methylcytosine. (sfu.ca)
Factors3
  • Factors influencing bacterial deamination: Aspartase II: its occurrence in and extraction from Bacterium coli and its activation by adenosine and related compounds. (wikidata.org)
  • Factors influencing bacterial deamination: Factors influencing the activity of dl-serine deaminase in Bacterium coli. (wikidata.org)
  • Factors influencing bacterial deamination: The deamination of glycine, dl-alanine and l-glutamic acid by Bacterium coli. (wikidata.org)
Activity1
  • Although overall structurally similar, A3s have vastly varying deamination activity and substrate preferences. (jbc.org)
Hydrolytic7
  • DNA adducts of propylene oxide and acrylonitrile epoxide: hydrolytic deamination of 3-alkyl-dCyd to 3-alkyl-dUrd. (nih.gov)
  • 3-HP-dUrd was formed after initial alkylation at N-3 of dCyd followed by conversion of the adjacent exocyclic imino group at C-4 to an oxygen (hydrolytic deamination) with the formation of a dUrd adduct. (nih.gov)
  • As with 3-HP-dUrd, 3-HOCE-dUrd resulted from hydrolytic deamination of an initially formed dCyd adduct. (nih.gov)
  • Hydrolytic deamination of cytidine leads to uridine. (reactome.org)
  • These analogues may trigger a conformational change in the enzyme without completely inhibiting the access of solvent water to the catalytic centre, thus allowing hydrolytic deamination of the enzyme-dihydrocytosine intermediate. (elsevier.com)
  • It cleaves a carbon-sulfur bond releasing sulfide and the unstable enamine product 2-aminoprop-2-enoate that tautomerizes to an imine form, which undergoes a hydrolytic deamination to form pyruvate and ammonia. (genome.jp)
  • Hallmarks of postmortem damage, fragmentation and hydrolytic deamination, are substantially reduced, likely due to the high-salinity of this taphonomic environment. (tcd.ie)
Cytidine deamination2
  • 12. Heat shock proteins stimulate APOBEC-3-mediated cytidine deamination in the hepatitis B virus. (nih.gov)
  • The impact of hA1 on HBV in tissue culture is varied with reports noting either reduced DNA synthesis or not, with cytidine deamination taking a low profile. (pasteur.fr)
Oxidative deamination of naturally occurring2
  • A chemically heterogeneous group of drugs that have in common the ability to block oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (nih.gov)
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of naturally occurring monoamines. (wakehealth.edu)
Adenosine3
  • Interestingly, two naturally occurring analogues, adenosine and 5'-methylthio-5'-deoxyadenosine, which do not contain a proton-donating amino group, also weakly increased the deamination frequency by M.MspI, even in the presence of AdoMet or AdoHcy. (elsevier.com)
  • ADA is an enzyme of the purine salvage pathway that is responsible for adenosine deamination to inosine and deoxyadenosine deamination to deoxyinosine. (medscape.com)
  • The ability to grow on adenine or adenosine was studied using enzyme assays, revealing deamination of adenosine but not adenine by H. pylori 26695 cell lysates. (figshare.com)
Generated following AI1
  • High densities of deoxyuracils, as generated following AID-mediated DNA deamination ( 16 ), are processed by uracil DNA glycosylase (Ung), as recruited by Rev1 for the generation of dsDNA breaks in the upstream (donor) and downstream (acceptor) S regions ( 17 , 18 ). (jimmunol.org)
Frequency of deamination1
  • Most prokaryotic (cytosine-5)-DNA methyltransferases increase the frequency of deamination at the cytosine targeted for methylation in vitro in the absence of the cofactor S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) or the reaction product S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy). (elsevier.com)
Enzymatic3
  • Note that the left tube contents exhibited a greenish coloration, indicating the enzymatic deamination of the phenylalanine contained within, converting it to phenylpyruvic acid. (cdc.gov)
  • The inhibition of intrinsic AID enzymatic activity by Fe2+ was specific, as shown by lack of inhibition of AID-mediated dC deamination by other bivalent metal ions, such as Zn2+, Mn2+, Mg2+, or Ni2+, and the inability of Fe2+ to inhibit UNG-mediated dU excision. (bx-912.com)
  • 1. Singh, R.M.M. and Adams, E. Enzymatic deamination of δ 1 -pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate to 2,5-dioxovalerate (α-ketoglutaric semialdehyde). (qmul.ac.uk)
Transamination2
  • This vitamin is an element in a variety of metabolic processes including transamination, deamination and decarboxylation. (earthclinic.com)
  • It is released from amino acids in the liver by a series of transamination and deamination reactions. (microbenotes.com)
Purine1
  • Similarly, xanthine is a purine nucleobase that forms by deamination, but in this case, of guanine. (biologyonline.com)
Oxidation2
  • Isolation and structural characterization by spectroscopic methods of two glucuronide metabolites of mexiletine after N-oxidation and deamination. (aspetjournals.org)
  • Erasure of CpG cytosine methylation involves oxidation and deamination of methylated cytosine by TET and AICDA proteins respectively followed by base-excision repair based on the complementary guanidine [ 25 - 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Catalyzes3
  • An enzyme that catalyzes the deamination of histidine to urocanate. (dictionary.com)
  • Monoamine oxidase A (MAO A), encoded by the X chromosome, catalyzes the oxidative deamination of monoamine neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, and plays a critically important role in brain development and functions. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • LAAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of specific L-amino acids with the generation of hydrogen peroxide and L-amino acid metabolites. (cheric.org)
Mechanism1
  • Pillars Article: AID Mutates E. coli Suggesting a DNA Deamination Mechanism for Antibody Diversification. (jimmunol.org)
Methylation4
  • Methylation and deamination of CpGs generate p53-binding sites on a genomic scale. (mpg.de)
  • In fact, CpG islands are considered evolutionary remnants where the deamination process has been hampered because some promoters have somehow been kept free of methylation in the course of evolution. (iscb.org)
  • Four biotransformation pathways of 3,4-(methylenedioxy)methamphetamine (MDMA) in the rat have been identified: N-demethylation, O-dealkylation, deamination, and conjugation (O-methylation, O-glucuronidation, and/or O-sulfation). (erowid.org)
  • In mammals, histamine is metabolized by two major pathways: N(tau)-methylation via histamine N-methyltransferase and oxidative deamination via diamine oxidase. (antikoerper-online.de)
Assays1
  • Despite the importance of iron in B cell proliferation, iron overload is usually associated with impaired immune defense to viruses and bacteria, including and dC DNA deamination assays including purified recombinant AID to analyze Fe2+-mediated inhibition of CSR at the molecular level. (bx-912.com)
Mediates1
Phenylalanine1
  • Unabsorbed phenylalanine that reaches the large intestine can be metabolized by gut microbiota to form phenylpyruvic acid (the initial microbiota-generated deamination product) and subsequently phenylacetic acid. (medscape.com)
Deoxyadenosine1
  • Among other enzymes hitherto used in order to hydrolyze DNA, micrococcal nuclease, phosphodiesterase II and nuclease P1 have been shown to cause deamination of deoxyadenosine, while deoxyribonuclease I, phosphodiesterase I and bacterial alkaline phosphatase have been shown to be sensitive to contamination by RNA, and to release 5-methyldeoxycytidine at a slower rate than the other four deoxyribonucleosides. (ebi.ac.uk)
Amino2
  • They play a key role in glycolysis (that is, extracting energy from carbohydrate and glucose), are important in fatty acid synthesis and in the deamination (nitrogen removal) of amino acids, are needed in the formation of red blood cells and steroids, and are helpful in the metabolism of some drugs and toxicants. (healthy.net)
  • What is the purpose of the of the process of amino acids deamination? (researchpapers.vip)
Encoded proteins1
  • The posttranscriptional modification of messenger RNA precursors (pre-mRNAs) by base deamination can profoundly alter the physiological function of the encoded proteins. (unibas.ch)
Substrates1
  • In brief, the protein preparation to be assayed is incubated with a fluorophore-labeled oligodeoxynucleotide containing the deamination target motif (radiolabeled oligonucleotide substrates have also been successfully used by other groups). (bio-protocol.org)
ADAR1
  • Of the 28,766 events identified, nearly 7,000 were A-G events, which could be the result of deamination by ADAR, and another 1,220 were C-T differences which could also be mediated by a deaminase, the researchers admit. (genengnews.com)
Adenine1
Polymerase1
  • AID-RNA polymerase II transcription-dependent deamination of IgV DNA. (nih.gov)
Fragmentation1
  • This includes DNA fragmentation and deamination artifacts that need to be controlled for during validation and routine monitoring. (horizondiscovery.com)
Uridine1
  • When the cytidine reaction was performed at pH 4.5 and 50 °C, the 5-hydroxyacetyl derivative of uridine was formed through deamination of cytidine−glyoxal. (stami.no)
Glutamate1
  • Effect in vitro of some anticonvulsant drugs on glutamate oxidative deamination catalized by mouse brain glutamate dehydrogenase. (hindawi.com)
Residues1
  • An example of this reaction is with proteins leading to deamination, breaking peptides, aromatic residues formation, and so on. (intechopen.com)
Physiological1
  • Under normal physiological conditions the enzymes M.HpaII (from Haemophilus parainfluenzae), M.HhaI (from Haemophilus hemolytica) and M.MspI all increased the in vivo deamination frequency at the target cytosines with comparable efficiency. (elsevier.com)
Enzymes1
  • Other instances of inherent reduced degradability are polyphenolic polymers such as tannins, which inhibit enzymes lowering the rate of protein degradation and deamination in the rumen. (allaboutfeed.net)
Involves2
  • A likely role for this enzyme involves the oxidative deamination of an aminophosphonate differring slightly from 2-aminoethylphosphonate, possibly 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethylphosphonate (see the comments for TIGR03351). (nih.gov)
  • Complete biodegradation of atrazine involves dehalogenation, N -dealkylation, deamination, and ring-cleavage steps. (osumicrobiology.org)
Genes2
  • As 5MeCpG deamination hotspots characterize many genes associated with cancer it is plausible that A3A is a major player in the onset of cancer. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • selection of hypermutable (mutator) increased risk for deamination [email protected] alleles based on alterations in DNA because of the production of reactive repair genes. (cdc.gov)
Protein2
  • Elevated pH causes unwanted protein modifications, such as deamination or alkylation, that decrease sample integrity. (the-scientist.com)
  • Finally, AID dC deamination activity is usually enhanced by 14-3-3 and regulated by replication protein A and RNA exosomes (19, 20). (bx-912.com)
Transcription2
  • Here, we reconstitute AID-catalyzed deamination during Pol II transcription elongation in conjunction with DSIF transcription factor. (nih.gov)
  • CpG deamination creates transcription factor-binding sites with high efficiency. (mpg.de)
Specific1
  • In this study, we have developed an innovative method for sequence- and base-specific delivery of NO to a specific site of DNA followed by specific deamination. (elsevier.com)
Modification1
  • Posttranscriptional modification of individual ribonucleotides namely deamination of adenosines and cytidines can also change the readout of mRNAs. (fitzlawter.com)
Target1
  • Site-by-site comparisons for biochemical and human memory B-cell mutational spectra in an IGHV3-23*01 target show strongly favored deaminations occurring in the antigen-binding complementarity determining regions (CDR) compared to the framework regions (FW). (nih.gov)
Mouse1
  • In our experience, approximately 0.25 µg of mouse APOBEC3 is sufficient for deamination of a large fraction of the oligodeoxynucleotide substrate in this assay. (bio-protocol.org)
Lisdexamfetamine - Wikipedia
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Biomolecules | Free Full-Text | Histamine Intolerance: The Current State of the Art
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Phylogenomic characterization and signs of microevolution in the 2022 multi-country outbreak of monkeypox virus | Nature...
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Fluvoxamine ER Capsules: Package Insert / Prescribing Information - Drugs.com
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IJMS | Free Full-Text | Long Non-Coding RNAs in Haematological Malignancies
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PuRe Publications | Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics
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Zoloft (Sertraline) for Depression, Side Effects, Dosage, Interactions & Warnings
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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) Medication: Blood Products/Immunoglobulins, Metabolic Enzymes
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Natural ways to support liver health - All About Feed
Natural ways to support liver health - All About Feed (allaboutfeed.net)
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Degradation-Independent Inhibition of APOBEC3G by the HIV-1 Vif Protein
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Degradation-Independent Inhibition of APOBEC3G by the HIV-1 Vif Protein (mdpi.com)
Publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Publisher: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Genre: Articles - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Genre: Articles - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Creator: Axelrod, Julius, 1912-2004 - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Creator: Axelrod, Julius, 1912-2004 - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Creator: Axelrod, Julius, 1912-2004 - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Creator: Axelrod, Julius, 1912-2004 - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Creator: Axelrod, Julius, 1912-2004 - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Creator: Axelrod, Julius, 1912-2004 - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Exhibit Tags: amines - Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)
Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results
Julius Axelrod - Profiles in Science Search Results (profiles.nlm.nih.gov)