AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
CytotoxinsBacterial ToxinsShiga Toxin 1Cobra VenomsElapidaeRicinClostridiumShiga Toxin 2EnterotoxinsShiga ToxinsADP Ribose TransferasesExotoxinsHemolysin ProteinsVero CellsClostridium difficileDrug Screening Assays, AntitumorBacterial ProteinsGlycosylationCell HypoxiaVirulence FactorsMolecular Sequence DataEscherichia coliAmino Acid SequenceAntineoplastic AgentsCell SurvivalBacterial AdhesionPseudomonas aeruginosaCell Line, TumorHeLa CellsGenes, BacterialBase SequenceTumor Cells, CulturedBiological Science DisciplinesScienceMagnetic Resonance SpectroscopyCatalogs as TopicCatalogs, Library
Cytotoxins
Substances that are toxic to cells; they may be involved in immunity or may be contained in venoms. These are distinguished from CYTOSTATIC AGENTS in degree of effect. Some of them are used as CYTOTOXIC ANTIBIOTICS. The mechanism of action of many of these are as ALKYLATING AGENTS or MITOSIS MODULATORS.
Bacterial Toxins
Toxic substances formed in or elaborated by bacteria; they are usually proteins with high molecular weight and antigenicity; some are used as antibiotics and some to skin test for the presence of or susceptibility to certain diseases.
Shiga Toxin 1
A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It is closely related to SHIGA TOXIN produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE.
Cobra Venoms
Venoms from snakes of the genus Naja (family Elapidae). They contain many specific proteins that have cytotoxic, hemolytic, neurotoxic, and other properties. Like other elapid venoms, they are rich in enzymes. They include cobramines and cobralysins.
Elapidae
A family of extremely venomous snakes, comprising coral snakes, cobras, mambas, kraits, and sea snakes. They are widely distributed, being found in the southern United States, South America, Africa, southern Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. The elapids include three subfamilies: Elapinae, Hydrophiinae, and Lauticaudinae. Like the viperids, they have venom fangs in the front part of the upper jaw. The mambas of Africa are the most dangerous of all snakes by virtue of their size, speed, and highly toxic venom. (Goin, Goin, and Zug, Introduction to Herpetology, 3d ed, p329-33)
Ricin
A protein phytotoxin from the seeds of Ricinus communis, the castor oil plant. It agglutinates cells, is proteolytic, and causes lethal inflammation and hemorrhage if taken internally.
Clostridium
A genus of motile or nonmotile gram-positive bacteria of the family Clostridiaceae. Many species have been identified with some being pathogenic. They occur in water, soil, and in the intestinal tract of humans and lower animals.
Shiga Toxin 2
A toxin produced by certain pathogenic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157. It shares 50-60% homology with SHIGA TOXIN and SHIGA TOXIN 1.
Enterotoxins
Substances that are toxic to the intestinal tract causing vomiting, diarrhea, etc.; most common enterotoxins are produced by bacteria.
Shiga Toxins
A class of toxins that inhibit protein synthesis by blocking the interaction of ribosomal RNA; (RNA, RIBOSOMAL) with PEPTIDE ELONGATION FACTORS. They include SHIGA TOXIN which is produced by SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE and a variety of shiga-like toxins that are produced by pathologic strains of ESCHERICHIA COLI such as ESCHERICHIA COLI O157.
ADP Ribose Transferases
Enzymes that transfer the ADP-RIBOSE group of NAD or NADP to proteins or other small molecules. Transfer of ADP-ribose to water (i.e., hydrolysis) is catalyzed by the NADASES. The mono(ADP-ribose)transferases transfer a single ADP-ribose. POLY(ADP-RIBOSE) POLYMERASES transfer multiple units of ADP-ribose to protein targets, building POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE in linear or branched chains.
Exotoxins
Toxins produced, especially by bacterial or fungal cells, and released into the culture medium or environment.
Hemolysin Proteins
Proteins from BACTERIA and FUNGI that are soluble enough to be secreted to target ERYTHROCYTES and insert into the membrane to form beta-barrel pores. Biosynthesis may be regulated by HEMOLYSIN FACTORS.
Vero Cells
A CELL LINE derived from the kidney of the African green (vervet) monkey, (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS) used primarily in virus replication studies and plaque assays.
Clostridium difficile
A common inhabitant of the colon flora in human infants and sometimes in adults. It produces a toxin that causes pseudomembranous enterocolitis (ENTEROCOLITIS, PSEUDOMEMBRANOUS) in patients receiving antibiotic therapy.
Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
Glycosylation
The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.
Cell Hypoxia
A condition of decreased oxygen content at the cellular level.
Virulence Factors
Those components of an organism that determine its capacity to cause disease but are not required for its viability per se. Two classes have been characterized: TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL and surface adhesion molecules that effect the ability of the microorganism to invade and colonize a host. (From Davis et al., Microbiology, 4th ed. p486)
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
Antineoplastic Agents
Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.
Cell Survival
The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.
Bacterial Adhesion
Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
HeLa Cells
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.
Biological Science Disciplines
All of the divisions of the natural sciences dealing with the various aspects of the phenomena of life and vital processes. The concept includes anatomy and physiology, biochemistry and biophysics, and the biology of animals, plants, and microorganisms. It should be differentiated from BIOLOGY, one of its subdivisions, concerned specifically with the origin and life processes of living organisms.
Science
The study of natural phenomena by observation, measurement, and experimentation.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
Catalogs as Topic
Ordered compilations of item descriptions and sufficient information to afford access to them.
Catalogs, Library

An Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes mutant deficient in production of the pore-forming cytolysin pyolysin has reduced virulence. (1/1527)

Pyolysin (PLO), the hemolytic exotoxin expressed by Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes, is a member of the thiol-activated cytolysin family of bacterial toxins. Insertional inactivation of the plo gene results in loss of expression of PLO with a concomitant loss in hemolytic activity. The plo mutant, PLO-1, has an approximately 1. 8-log10 reduction in the 50% infectious dose compared to that for wild-type A. pyogenes in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model. Studies involving cochallenge of wild-type and PLO-1 bacteria resulted in recovery of similar numbers of both strains, suggesting that PLO production is required for survival in vivo. Recombinant, His-tagged PLO (His-PLO) is cytotoxic for mouse peritoneal macrophages and J774 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Protection against challenge with A. pyogenes could be afforded by vaccination with formalin-inactivated His-PLO, suggesting that PLO is a host-protective antigen, as well as a virulence determinant.  (+info)

Identification of the minimal intracellular vacuolating domain of the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin. (2/1527)

Helicobacter pylori secretes a cytotoxin (VacA) that induces the formation of large vacuoles originating from late endocytic vesicles in sensitive mammalian cells. Although evidence is accumulating that VacA is an A-B toxin, distinct A and B fragments have not been identified. To localize the putative catalytic A-fragment, we transfected HeLa cells with plasmids encoding truncated forms of VacA fused to green fluorescence protein. By analyzing truncated VacA fragments for intracellular vacuolating activity, we reduced the minimal functional domain to the amino-terminal 422 residues of VacA, which is less than one-half of the full-length protein (953 amino acids). VacA is frequently isolated as a proteolytically nicked protein of two fragments that remain noncovalently associated and retain vacuolating activity. Neither the amino-terminal 311 residue fragment (p33) nor the carboxyl-terminal 642 residue fragment (p70) of proteolytically nicked VacA are able to induce cellular vacuolation by themselves. However, co-transfection of HeLa cells with separate plasmids expressing both p33 and p70 resulted in vacuolated cells. Further analysis revealed that a minimal fragment comprising just residues 312-478 functionally complemented p33. Collectively, our results suggest a novel molecular architecture for VacA, with cytosolic localization of both fragments of nicked toxin required to mediate intracellular vacuolating activity.  (+info)

Design of highly specific cytotoxins by using trans-splicing ribozymes. (3/1527)

We have designed ribozymes based on a self-splicing group I intron that can trans-splice exon sequences into a chosen RNA target to create a functional chimeric mRNA and provide a highly specific trigger for gene expression. We have targeted ribozymes against the coat protein mRNA of a widespread plant pathogen, cucumber mosaic virus. The ribozymes were designed to trans-splice the coding sequence of the diphtheria toxin A chain in frame with the viral initiation codon of the target sequence. Diphtheria toxin A chain catalyzes the ADP ribosylation of elongation factor 2 and can cause the cessation of protein translation. In a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model system, ribozyme expression was shown to specifically inhibit the growth of cells expressing the virus mRNA. A point mutation at the target splice site alleviated this ribozyme-mediated toxicity. Increasing the extent of base pairing between the ribozyme and target dramatically increased specific expression of the cytotoxin and reduced illegitimate toxicity in vivo. Trans-splicing ribozymes may provide a new class of agents for engineering virus resistance and therapeutic cytotoxins.  (+info)

Effect of the hemolytic lectin CEL-III from Holothuroidea Cucumaria echinata on the ANS fluorescence responses in sensitive MDCK and resistant CHO cells. (4/1527)

The addition of CEL-III to sensitive MDCK cells preincubated with 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) caused an increase in the fluorescence intensity of the probe. The increase in the ANS fluorescence caused by CEL-III was Ca2+-dependent and strongly inhibited by 0.1 M lactose, indicating that Ca2+-dependent binding of CEL-III to specific carbohydrate receptors on the plasma membrane is responsible for this phenomenon. In contrast, no significant effect of CEL-III on the ANS fluorescence was observed in CHO cells, which are highly resistant to CEL-III cytotoxicity. In MDCK cells, energy transfer from tryptophan residues to bound ANS molecules was observed in the presence of CEL-III, but not in CHO cells. Furthermore, the amount of ANS bound to MDCK cells increased as the concentration of CEL-III increased. Therefore, a simple interpretation is that the CEL-III-induced increase in ANS fluorescence is attributable to an increase of the hydrophobic region in the plasma membrane where ANS could bind. Immunoblotting analysis of proteins from cells treated with CEL-III indicated that CEL-III oligomers were irreversibly bound to the cells, and the amount of oligomer bound to MDCK cells was much greater than that bound to CHO cells under any conditions tested. The oligomerization may be accompanied by an enhancement of the hydrophobicity of CEL-III molecules, which in turn provides new ANS-binding sites. The difference in susceptibility of MDCK and CHO cells to CEL-III cytotoxicity may be due to a difference in oligomerization of bound CEL-III.  (+info)

Interactions of CcdB with DNA gyrase. Inactivation of Gyra, poisoning of the gyrase-DNA complex, and the antidote action of CcdA. (5/1527)

The F plasmid-carried bacterial toxin, the CcdB protein, is known to act on DNA gyrase in two different ways. CcdB poisons the gyrase-DNA complex, blocking the passage of polymerases and leading to double-strand breakage of the DNA. Alternatively, in cells that overexpress CcdB, the A subunit of DNA gyrase (GyrA) has been found as an inactive complex with CcdB. We have reconstituted the inactive GyrA-CcdB complex by denaturation and renaturation of the purified GyrA dimer in the presence of CcdB. This inactivating interaction involves the N-terminal domain of GyrA, because similar inactive complexes were formed by denaturing and renaturing N-terminal fragments of the GyrA protein in the presence of CcdB. Single amino acid mutations, both in GyrA and in CcdB, that prevent CcdB-induced DNA cleavage also prevent formation of the inactive complexes, indicating that some essential interaction sites of GyrA and of CcdB are common to both the poisoning and the inactivation processes. Whereas the lethal effect of CcdB is most probably due to poisoning of the gyrase-DNA complex, the inactivation pathway may prevent cell death through formation of a toxin-antitoxin-like complex between CcdB and newly translated GyrA subunits. Both poisoning and inactivation can be prevented and reversed in the presence of the F plasmid-encoded antidote, the CcdA protein. The products of treating the inactive GyrA-CcdB complex with CcdA are free GyrA and a CcdB-CcdA complex of approximately 44 kDa, which may correspond to a (CcdB)2(CcdA)2 heterotetramer.  (+info)

A novel cytotoxin from Clostridium difficile serogroup F is a functional hybrid between two other large clostridial cytotoxins. (6/1527)

The large clostridial cytotoxins (LCTs) constitute a group of high molecular weight clostridial cytotoxins that inactivate cellular small GTP-binding proteins. We demonstrate that a novel LCT (TcdB-1470) from Clostridium difficile strain 1470 is a functional hybrid between "reference" TcdB-10463 and Clostridium sordellii TcsL-1522. It bound to the same specific receptor as TcdB-10463 but glucosylated the same GTP-binding proteins as TcsL-1522. All three toxins had equal enzymatic potencies but were equally cytotoxic only when microinjected. When applied extracellularly TcdB-1470 and TcdB-10463 were considerably more potent cytotoxins than TcsL-1522. The small GTP-binding protein R-Ras was identified as a target for TcdB-1470 and also for TcsL-1522 but not for TcdB-10463. R-Ras is known to control integrin-extracellular matrix interactions from inside the cell. Its glucosylation may be a major determinant for the cell rounding and detachment induced by the two R-Ras-attacking toxins. In contrast, fibroblasts treated with TcdB-10463 were arborized and remained attached, with phosphotyrosine containing structures located at the cell-to-cell contacts and beta3-integrin remaining at the tips of cellular protrusions. These components were absent from cells treated with the R-Ras-inactivating toxins. The novel hybrid toxin will broaden the utility of the LCTs for clarifying the functions of several small GTPases, now including also R-Ras.  (+info)

Bacterial toxins and the Rho GTP-binding protein: what microbes teach us about cell regulation. (7/1527)

In the present review activities of two bacterial toxins, Clostridium botulinum exoenzyme C3 and Escherichia coli CNF1, both acting on the GTP-binding protein Rho are analyzed. Proteins belonging to the Rho family regulate the actin cytoskeleton and act as molecular switches in a number of signal transduction pathways. C3 and CNF1 have opposite effects on Rho thus representing useful tools for studies on cell division, cell differentiation and apoptosis.  (+info)

Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase by oxidized LDL in vascular smooth muscle cells: mediation via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins and association with oxidized LDL-induced cytotoxicity. (8/1527)

Oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) have been shown to play a crucial role in atherosclerosis, but the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been fully understood. The present study showed that oxLDL strongly evoked phosphorylation and activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in concentration- and time-dependent manners, reaching the maximal activation at 100 microg/mL within 5 minutes. The results from immunofluorescence staining also revealed that p38 MAPK was activated by oxLDL in 5 minutes, and the activated p38 MAPK was translocated from cytoplasm to nucleus of VSMCs in 15 minutes. Activation of p38 MAPK by oxLDL was apparently not mediated by their classical scavenger receptors and was not affected by tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, activation of p38 MAPK was effectively blocked by pretreatment with pertussis toxin and was significantly reduced by phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122. OxLDL also inhibited forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation and increased inositol phosphate formation. More interestingly, inhibition of p38 MAPK by its specific inhibitor SB203580 significantly blocked oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity (increased leakage of cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase to the culture medium, reduced [3H]thymidine incorporation, and attenuated mitochondrial metabolism of tetrazolium salt, (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-s ulfophenyl)- 2H-tetrazolium), MTS) in VSMCs, and pretreatment with pertussis toxin also inhibited oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity. Taken together, our data clearly demonstrated that oxLDL effectively activated p38 MAPK in VSMCs, which was likely mediated via pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins, and the p38 activation was functionally associated with oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity in VSMCs.  (+info)

Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 produced by virulent Escherichia coli modifies the small GTP-binding proteins Rho involved...Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 produced by virulent Escherichia coli modifies the small GTP-binding proteins Rho involved...
Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 (CNF2) produced by Escherichia coli strains isolated from intestinal and extraintestinal infections is a dermonecrotic toxin of 110 kDa. We cloned the CNF2 gene from a large plasmid carried by an Escherichia coli strain isolated from a lamb with septicemia. Hydropathy analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence revealed a largely hydrophilic protein with two potential hydrophobic transmembrane domains. The N-terminal half of CNF2 showed striking homology (27% identity and 80% conserved residues) to the N-terminal portion of Pasteurella multocida toxin. Methylamine protection experiments and immunofluorescence studies suggested that CNF2 enters the cytosol of the target cell through an acidic compartment and induces the reorganization of actin into stress fibers. Since the formation of stress fibers in eukaryotic cells involves Rho proteins, we radiolabeled these small GTP-binding proteins from CNF2-treated and control cells with a Rho-specific ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/91/9/3814
SWISS-MODEL Template Library | 1hq0.1
SWISS-MODEL Template Library (SMTL) entry for 1hq0.1. CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF E.COLI CYTOTOXIC NECROTIZING FACTOR TYPE 1
https://swissmodel.expasy.org/templates/1hq0
Atherton, J.C., Cao, P., Peek Jr., R.M., Tummuru, M.K., Blaser, M.J. and Cover, T.L. (1995) Mosaicism in Vacuolating Cytotoxin...Atherton, J.C., Cao, P., Peek Jr., R.M., Tummuru, M.K., Blaser, M.J. and Cover, T.L. (1995) Mosaicism in Vacuolating Cytotoxin...
Atherton, J.C., Cao, P., Peek Jr., R.M., Tummuru, M.K., Blaser, M.J. and Cover, T.L. (1995) Mosaicism in Vacuolating Cytotoxin Alleles of Helicobacter pylori. Association of Specific vacA Types with Cytotoxin Production and Peptic Ulceration. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 270, 17771-17777.
https://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1949205
PWE-159 The effect of natural polymorphism in the promoter of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin associated gene, cagA, on cagA...PWE-159 The effect of natural polymorphism in the promoter of the Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin associated gene, cagA, on cagA...
Results A potentially important polymorphism was identified within an imperfect inverted repeat where an A was commonly replaced by a T at position -54. Strains possessing T at this position expressed higher cagA mRNA levels than those with an A (p=0.016). To test whether this was a direct determinant of cagA transcription level, a mutation was engineered at position −54 (T to A) in high transcription strain 83. This resulted in a 30% reduction in cagA transcript level when compared to an isogenic control strain without the change (p=0.073). In the complementary experiment, we engineered an A to T mutation in low transcription strain 126 and this led to a 20% increase in the level of cagA mRNA compared to its isogenic control (p=0.002). ...
http://gut.bmj.com/content/61/Suppl_2/A360.3
The effects of a macrophage-derived cytotoxin on the growth and metabo by R B. Bell and K L. IvorThe effects of a macrophage-derived cytotoxin on the growth and metabo by R B. Bell and K L. Ivor
Bell, R B. and Ivor, K L., The effects of a macrophage-derived cytotoxin on the growth and metabolism of target cells. (1976). Subject Strain Bibliography 1976. 826 ...
https://mouseion.jax.org/ssbb1976/826/
KAKEN - Research Projects | MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CYTOTOXIC NECROTIZING FACTOR(CNF)PRODUCED BY PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI ...KAKEN - Research Projects | MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CYTOTOXIC NECROTIZING FACTOR(CNF)PRODUCED BY PATHOGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI ...
Principal Investigator：SUGAI Motoyuki, Project Period (FY)：1997 - 1998, Research Category：Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), Section：一般, Research Field：Bacteriology (including Mycology)
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09670282/
Lethal Cytotoxins Used By Bacteria To Evade Antibiotic Treatment - RedorbitLethal Cytotoxins Used By Bacteria To Evade Antibiotic Treatment - Redorbit
Aarhus University. Bacteria that cause infectious diseases produce a number of cytotoxins, and an international research team has now found the mechanism behind one of these toxins. The new results could make it possible in the future to develop new treatment methods to impair the cytotoxic activity and thereby reduce the severity of infectious diseases.. In spite of the fact that the first antibiotics were discovered almost a century ago, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, encephalitis and meningitis are still serious diseases for humans in the twenty-first century. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that there are more than 8 million new cases of tuberculosis per year on a global scale, and that more than 300,000 of these are due to multidrug-resistant strains that are not only difficult to treat, but are also emerging rapidly in regions such as Eastern Europe.. Bacterial tolerance is not just due to resistance, but also to the formation of persistent cells that have gone ...
http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1113005966/lethal-cytotoxins-used-by-bacteria-to-evade-antibiotic-treatment/
Glentham Life Sciences - CytotoxinsGlentham Life Sciences - Cytotoxins
Glentham Life Sciences offers a wide range of Cytotoxins. Find catalogue prices, chemical data, technical specifications and MSDS documents.
https://www.glentham.com/en/products/categories/cytotoxins/view-50-all/
Toxins | Free Full-Text | More Than a Pore: The Cellular Response to Cholesterol-Dependent CytolysinsToxins | Free Full-Text | More Than a Pore: The Cellular Response to Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins
Targeted disruption of the plasma membrane is a ubiquitous form of attack used in all three domains of life. Many bacteria secrete pore-forming proteins during infection with broad implications for pathogenesis. The cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDC) are a family of pore-forming toxins expressed predominately by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens. The structure and assembly of some of these oligomeric toxins on the host membrane have been described, but how the targeted cell responds to intoxication by the CDCs is not as clearly understood. Many CDCs induce lysis of their target cell and can activate apoptotic cascades to promote cell death. However, the extent to which intoxication causes cell death is both CDC- and host cell-dependent, and at lower concentrations of toxin, survival of intoxicated host cells is well documented. Additionally, the effect of CDCs can be seen beyond the plasma membrane, and it is becoming increasingly clear that these toxins are potent regulators of signaling and
https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/4/618
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins elicit adenosine triphosphate from dendritic cells that acts through the P2X7 purinergic...Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins elicit adenosine triphosphate from dendritic cells that acts through the P2X7 purinergic...
Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), a class of gram-positive bacterial exotoxins, bind cholesterol in cell membranes and oligomerize to form pores. We observe that CDCs induce pores in dendritic cells (DC) as well as other cell types in a dose dependent manner, which allows the subsequent release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Extracellular ATP can exert stimulatory effects on cells through engagement of surface purinergic receptors, several of which are expressed on DC, including P2X7, which upon ATP binding forms a pore in the plasma membrane. We show here that a mutant DC line selected for resistance to lytic CDC doses loses expression of the P2X7 receptor and also becomes insensitive to ATP-induced pore formation compared to wild type cells. A model is suggested where CDCs form pores in DC membranes, allowing the release of ATP that signals through P2X7 on DC. Chronic ATP stimulation of DC results in skewed DC maturation that favors type 2 immune responses. Thus, CDC-induced ATP ...
http://www.jimmunol.org/content/178/1_Supplement/S50.2
CNF1 Enhances Brain Energy Content and Counteracts Spontaneous Epileptiform Phenomena in Aged DBA/2J MiceCNF1 Enhances Brain Energy Content and Counteracts Spontaneous Epileptiform Phenomena in Aged DBA/2J Mice
Epilepsy, one of the most common conditions affecting the brain, is characterized by neuroplasticity and brain cell energy defects. In this work, we demonstrate the ability of the Escherichia coli protein toxin cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) to counteract epileptiform phenomena in inbred DBA/2J mice, an animal model displaying genetic background with an high susceptibility to induced- and spontaneous seizures. Via modulation of the Rho GTPases, CNF1 regulates actin dynamics with a consequent increase in spine density and length in pyramidal neurons of rat visual cortex, and influences the mitochondrial homeostasis with remarkable changes in the mitochondrial network architecture. In addition, CNF1 improves cognitive performances and increases ATP brain content in mouse models of Rett syndrome and Alzheimers disease. The results herein reported show that a single dose of CNF1 induces a remarkable amelioration of the seizure phenotype, with a significant augmentation in neuroplasticity markers and
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0140495
symplocamide A Summary Report | CureHuntersymplocamide A Summary Report | CureHunter
symplocamide A: a potent cytotoxin and chymotrypsin inhibitor from the marine Cyanobacterium Symploca sp.; structure in first source
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC527508-symplocamide-A.do
Gentaur Molecular :ubio \ Human cytotoxin(CTX)ELISA Kit \ UB-E00995Gentaur Molecular :ubio \ Human cytotoxin(CTX)ELISA Kit \ UB-E00995
Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , ubio \ Human cytotoxin(CTX)ELISA Kit \ UB-E00995 for more molecular products just contact us
http://www.antibody-antibodies.com/product5878044-search-Human_cytotoxin
Gentaur Molecular :SunBT \ Human cytotoxin,CTX ELISA Kit \ 201-12-2001Gentaur Molecular :SunBT \ Human cytotoxin,CTX ELISA Kit \ 201-12-2001
Gentaur molecular products has all kinds of products like :search , SunBT \ Human cytotoxin,CTX ELISA Kit \ 201-12-2001 for more molecular products just contact us
http://www.antibody-antibodies.com/product2781152-search-Human_cytotoxin,CTX_ELISA_Kit_.html
The bacterial protein toxin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) provides long-term survival in a murine glioma model | BMC...The bacterial protein toxin, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1) provides long-term survival in a murine glioma model | BMC...
Glioblastomas are largely unresponsive to all available treatments and there is therefore an urgent need for novel therapeutics. Here we have probed the antineoplastic effects of a bacterial protein toxin, the cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 (CNF1), in the syngenic GL261 glioma cell model. CNF1 produces a long-lasting activation of Rho GTPases, with consequent blockade of cytodieresis in proliferating cells and promotion of neuron health and plasticity. We have tested the antiproliferative effects of CNF1 on GL261 cells and human glioma cells obtained from surgical specimens. For the in vivo experiments, we injected GL261 cells into the adult mouse visual cortex, and five days later we administered either a single intracerebral dose of CNF1 or vehicle. To compare CNF1 with a canonical antitumoral drug, we infused temozolomide (TMZ) via minipumps for 1 week in an additional animal group. In culture, CNF1 was very effective in blocking proliferation of GL261 cells, leading them to multinucleation,
https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2407-14-449/figures/5
Mitchondrial targeting by the vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter Pylori - Robin HollandMitchondrial targeting by the vacuolating cytotoxin of Helicobacter Pylori - Robin Holland
This application proposes studies to identify the mechanism by which the Helicobacter pylori vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) is trafficked to mitochondria in host...
https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/F30-OD023012-03
Cloning and nucleotide sequence of frpC, a second gene from Neisseria meningitidis encoding a protein similar to RTX cytotoxins...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cloning and nucleotide sequence of frpC, a second gene from Neisseria meningitidis encoding a protein similar to RTX cytotoxins. AU - Thompson, Stuart A.. AU - Wang, Lisa L.. AU - Sparling, P. Frederick. PY - 1993/7. Y1 - 1993/7. N2 - Neisseria meningitidis FAM20 has recently been shown to produce two Fe‐regulated proteins (FrpA and FrpC) related to the RTX family of cytotoxins. Here we report the cloning and DNA sequence of the locus containing the gene encoding the larger meningococcal RTX protein FrpC. FrpC was highly similar to FrpA throughout much of the predicted protein, with two main differences. Whereas the FrpA protein had 13 copies of the nine‐amino‐acid repeat units typical of RTX proteins, FrpC had 43 copies. The additional copies in FrpC apparently arose from a threefold tandem amplification of a 600bp DNA fragment encoding the repeats. In addition, the frpC gene lacked good promoter consensus sequences. An open reading frame (0RF1) of unknown function was ...
https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cloning-and-nucleotide-sequence-of-frpc-a-second-gene-from-neisse
High prevalence of cytotoxin positive Helicobacter pylori in patients unrelated to the presence of peptic ulcers in Japan | GutHigh prevalence of cytotoxin positive Helicobacter pylori in patients unrelated to the presence of peptic ulcers in Japan | Gut
The vacuolating cytotoxin is encoded by a 3864 bp ORF in thevacA gene.22 The 137 kDa vacAgene product consists of three regions: a 33 amino acid amino-terminal signal peptide, a mature cytotoxin domain of approximately 87 kDa, and a carboxy-terminal 50 kDa segment which is cleaved from the molecule during transmembrane export.22 27 The recombinant protein described in this study predominantly covers the 87 kDa domain.. Previous studies indicated that the vacuolating cytotoxin, which induces cellular vacuolation in a number of epithelial cell lines in vitro, is produced only by a subset of H pyloriisolates.11 13 Furthermore, several studies suggested that infection by cytotoxin positive strains was correlated with the development of gastroduodenal diseases.12 29 Figuraet al 29 reported that 67% of H pylori strains isolated from 24 patients with peptic ulcers produced cytotoxin, whereas only 30% of strains from 53 patients with chronic gastritis produced cytotoxin. Fox et al 12 reported that the ...
http://gut.bmj.com/content/41/4/463
Study on Aloe Extract C induced cytotoxic factors in mice--《Academic Journal of Guangdong College of Pharmacy》2002年04期Study on Aloe Extract C induced cytotoxic factors in mice--《Academic Journal of Guangdong College of Pharmacy》2002年04期
Objective: To study the effect of Aloe Extract C ( AE - C) in inducing cytotoxic factors in mice. Methods: Mice were injected with AE - C through abdominal cavity for 5 days, blood was taken for separating serum on the sixth day. Y99 , L929 and A549 tumor cell lines were used as target cells to assay cytotoxic factors activity of the serum. The lasting time of the activity, its sensitivity to temperature and the cytotoxic activity of different concentration of the serum were observed. Results: AE - C could induce the production of cytotoxic factors in BALB/C mice, compared with the control, there was a significant differences ( P 0. 01 ) . Cytotoxic activity reached the peak 24 hours after last injection of AE - C and began to drop 4 days later. The cytotoxic activity disappeared 5 days later. The cytotoxic acitivity was still obvious with 200 times dilution of the serum. Conclusions: AE - C can induce the production of cytotoxic factors in BALB/C mice.
http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-GDYX200204016.htm
Application of protein purification methods for the enrichment of a cytotoxin from Campylobacter jejuni | BMC Microbiology |...Application of protein purification methods for the enrichment of a cytotoxin from Campylobacter jejuni | BMC Microbiology |...
Campylobater jejuni, a major foodborne diarrhoeal pathogen is reported to produce a number of cytotoxins of which only a cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) has been characterised so far. One or more additional cytotoxins other than CDT, including a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell active, Vero cell inactive cytotoxin, may mediate inflammatory diarrhoea. Our objective was to develop a method to enrich and thus partially characterise this cytotoxin, as a pathway to the eventual identification and characterisation of the toxin. A number of biochemical methods including cation- and anion-exchange chromatography were evaluated to enrich the cytotoxin from a cell lysate of a known cytotoxin-producing C. jejuni, C31. The cytotoxin in crude lysate was initially prepared by size-exclusion desalting and then subjected to high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) ion-exchange fractionation. One pooled fraction (pool B) was cytotoxic for CHO cells equivalent to crude toxin (tissue culture infectivity dose 50
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2180-12-303
TCDB » SEARCHTCDB » SEARCH
1.C.14 The Cytohemolysin (CHL) Family The CHL family consists of hemolytic cytotoxins from various species of Vibrio, Aeromonas and Listonella. The proteins act on a variety of target animal cells such as enterocytes and immune cells. During secretion of the V. cholerae cytolysin, the N-terminal 25 residue leader peptide is cleaved off yielding an extracellular 79 kDa procytolysin which must be proteolytically activated. Removal of an N-terminal 14 kDa fragment of the procytolysin followed by further proteolytic cleavage in the C-terminal region yields an active 50 kDa species which oligomerizes in the presence of cholesterol-sphingolipid-containing membranes to generate a transmembrane water-filled pore of about 1.5 nm diameter. The complex is probably a homoheptamer (Olson & Gonaux, 2005). This family is distantly related to the αHL family (#1.C.3) of heptameric toxins from Gram-positive bacteria. Vibrio cholerae cytolysin (VCC; 1.C.14.1.1) is an oligomerizing pore-forming toxin that is ...
http://tcdb.org/search/result.php?tc=1.C.14
Biological activities and chemical composition of a cytotoxin of Klebsiella oxytoca | Microbiology SocietyBiological activities and chemical composition of a cytotoxin of Klebsiella oxytoca | Microbiology Society
A low-molecular-mass cytotoxin produced by Klebsiella oxytoca isolated previously from patients with antibiotic-associated haemorrhagic enterocolitis was purified, and its biological and chemical properties were elucidated. The toxin inhibited the syntheses of DNA and RNA by HEp-2 cells dose-dependently, whereas protein synthesis was only slightly inhibited, as measured by the incorporation of radioactive precursors. When synchronously cultured HEp-2 cells were examined in the presence of cytotoxin, inhibition of DNA synthesis occurred promptly within 5 h, but cell-rounding, the earliest visible morphological change, was not observed until 6 h after exposure. The intracellular levels of ATP decreased with an approximately similar time course. These results suggest that cytotoxicity toward HEp-2 cells is primarily due to the inhibitory effect of the cytotoxin on nucleic acid synthesis, possibly on DNA synthesis. Cell rounding and cell death were induced even in the absence of the cytotoxin after
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/micro/10.1099/00221287-138-9-1921
Toxins | Free Full-Text | Determinants of pH-Dependent Modulation of Translocation in Dermonecrotic G-Protein-Deamidating ToxinsToxins | Free Full-Text | Determinants of pH-Dependent Modulation of Translocation in Dermonecrotic G-Protein-Deamidating Toxins
Cytotoxic necrotizing factors from E. coli (CNF1, CNF2) and Yersinia (CNFy) share N-terminal sequence similarity with Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT). This common N-terminal region harbors the receptor-binding and translocation domains that mediate uptake and delivery of the C-terminal catalytic cargo domains into the host cytosol. Subtle variations in the N-terminal ~500 amino acids of CNFs and PMT could allow for selective recognition of cellular receptors and thus, selective target cell specificity. Through studies with cellular inhibitors, we have identified an additional novel function for this region in modulating responses of these toxin proteins to changes in pH during intoxication and delivery of the catalytic cargo domain into the cytosol.
http://mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/6/1167/xml
Progression<...Progression<...
Dinner was interesting, and I dare say promising: in our very first trial run, we managed to make it seem normal that someone could sit at dinner, eat less than four bites of food, and repeatedly hold a barf bucket to her face while we conversed about school and the weather.. *. There will be trace amounts of cytotoxins in Sadies urine, feces, and vomit. We need to be sure to wash carefully using soap and flush twice after shes used the toilet. Soiled bed linens and clothes should be rinsed separately first, then washed normally with the rest of the laundry. We should avoid touching her etoposide capsules.. *. Unless Sadie is seriously ill (as opposed to just feeling like shit and throwing up at random times), we are clear to go on vacation. If youre going to FLSATUART no matter what, seems like doing so in a balmy beach breeze beats doing it at home in bed.. ...
http://www.sadies-brain-tumor.org/sadies-story/progression/
Streaming nowego krążka grupy Cytotoxin | KvltStreaming nowego krążka grupy Cytotoxin | Kvlt
Death metalowcy z Cytotoxin opublikowali w całości do odsłuchu nowy krążek Gammageddon. Album ukazał się pod skrzydłami wytwórni Unique Leader Records.
http://kvlt.pl/newsy/streaming-nowego-krazka-grupy-cytotoxin/
Acura TLX Type S for sale. Used TLX Type S near you in the US | CarBuzzAcura TLX Type S for sale. Used TLX Type S near you in the US | CarBuzz
Buy used Acura TLX Type S near you. Check prices and deals of TLX Type S for sale, find a dealership and shop second hand cars online in the USA
https://carbuzz.com/cars-for-sale/acura-tlx-type-s
Cytokinetics: Comments on the Upside Move Today (CYTK, Buy, $12.90) | Expert Financial Analysis and Reporting | Smith on StocksCytokinetics: Comments on the Upside Move Today (CYTK, Buy, $12.90) | Expert Financial Analysis and Reporting | Smith on Stocks
Cytokinetics is up $1.15 or 10% to $12.90 in a poor market environment. The only news is that the Company will be added to the S&P 600 small cap index. There is
https://smithonstocks.com/cytokinetics-comments-on-the-upside-move-today-cytk-buy-12-90/
Interplay between bacterial virulence factors and ubiquitin-mediated cellular regulations • Research - Institut PasteurInterplay between bacterial virulence factors and ubiquitin-mediated cellular regulations • Research - Institut Pasteur
Description. The project will be conducted in a highly stimulating, interdisciplinary and international environment in the department of Bacteriology of the Institut Pasteur, Paris. The successful candidate will start in 2018 the study of the interplay of bacterial toxins with the cellular ubiquitin and proteasome systems and consequences in infection. Funding for an additional 1 year will be dependent on the CV of the applicant and advancement of the project.. Post-translational modifications of proteins by ubiquitination are central reactions in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, quality control of the proteome and innate immune signaling in reaction to the attacks by pathogens, which frequently have acquired the ability to divert ubiquitin-mediated reactions to their advantage. It is therefore essential to define the interplay between bacterial virulence factors and ubiquitin-mediated cellular regulations. The study of the cytotoxic necrotizing factor-1 (CNF1) from pathogenic ...
https://research.pasteur.fr/en/job/interplay-between-bacterial-virulence-factors-and-ubiquitin-mediated-cellular-regulations/
A new cytolysin from the sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica: Isolation, cDNA cloning and functional expression | ScholarBank@NUSA new cytolysin from the sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica: Isolation, cDNA cloning and functional expression | [email protected]
We purified a new cytolysin (HMgIII) from the sea anemone, Heteractis magnifica. HMgIII, which has a molecular mass of ~19 kDa, functions as both a cytolysin and a hemolysin. The full-length HMg III cDNA was obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, using primers designed from its N-terminal amino acid sequence and an internal conserved region of two other sea anemone cytolysins: equinatoxin II (EqT II) and cytolysin III. The cDNA contained an open reading frame of 633 bp, which encodes a protein of 211 amino acids. The nascent HMg III protein contained a prepropeptide of 34 amino acids, which includes a signal peptide of 19 amino acids. The mature HMg III has a predicted molecular mass of 19 kDa and a pI of 9.1, and shares 91%, 89%, 65% and 63% amino acid sequence similarity with cytolysin III, cytolysin ST I, tenebrosin-C and equinatoxin (EqT II), respectively. The predicted secondary structure of the mature HMg III comprises 16% α-helix, 23% extended strand and 60% random ...
http://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/38179
Nanocomputational Observation of Interaction of Two Cytotoxins and Nanobio Membrane: Molecular Dynamics Simulation StudyNanocomputational Observation of Interaction of Two Cytotoxins and Nanobio Membrane: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, ICMAE2011: Nanocomputational Observation of Interaction of Two Cytotoxins and Nanobio Membrane: Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
https://www.scientific.net/AMM.110-116.3888
Cytolysin - WikipediaCytolysin - Wikipedia
Cytolysin refers to the substance secreted by microorganisms, plants or animals that is specifically toxic to individual cells, in many cases causing their dissolution through lysis. Cytolysins that have a specific action for certain cells are named accordingly. For instance, the cytolysins responsible for the destruction of red blood cells, thereby liberating hemoglobins, are named hemolysins, and so on. Cytolysins may be involved in immunity as well as in venoms. Hemolysin is also used by certain bacteria, such as Listeria monocytogenes, to disrupt the phagosome membrane of macrophages and escape into the cytoplasm of the cell. The term Cytolysin or Cytolytic toxin was first introduced by Alan Bernheimer to describe membrane damaging toxins (MDTs) that have cytolytic effects to cells. The first kind of cytolytic toxin discovered have hemolytic effects on erythrocytes of certain sensitive species, such as Human. For this reason Hemolysin was first used to describe any MDTs. In the 1960s ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytolysin
Figure 1, [Activation of Rho, Rac and...]. - Madame Curie Bioscience Database - NCBI BookshelfFigure 1, [Activation of Rho, Rac and...]. - Madame Curie Bioscience Database - NCBI Bookshelf
Activation of Rho, Rac and Cdc42 controls actin polymerization during phagocytosis. Left, a general model for phagocytic signalling. Phagocytosis generally involves the receptor-mediated, GEF-dependent activation of one or more Rho GTP-binding proteins, which will activate-through downstream effectors-the Arp2/3 complex and actin polymerisation. Several bacterial pathogens have the capacity to produce toxins or bacterial effectors (shown in double-lined boxes) that activate or inhibit the function or one or more Rho proteins, thereby modulating actin polymerization and phagocytosis. Right, the main signalling pathways activated during phagocytosis in mammalian cells. Type I phagocytosis is characterized by the independent activation of Rac and Cdc42, whereas only Rho activity is required during type II phagocytosis. GEF, guanine nucleotide exchange factor; CNF1, cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1 Tir, translocated intimin receptor; Yop, Yersinia outer protein; FcγR, Fcγ receptor; AC, apoptotic cell; CR3,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6206/figure/A32130/?report=objectonly
Cutting Edge: VacA, a Vacuolating Cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori, Directly Activates Mast Cells for Migration and Production...Cutting Edge: VacA, a Vacuolating Cytotoxin of Helicobacter pylori, Directly Activates Mast Cells for Migration and Production...
Oral administration of VacA in mice caused several aspects of the histological lesions in epithelium of gastric mucosa, namely loss of gastric gland architecture including epithelial vacuolization, edema, erosion, necrosis, and exfoliation 24 h after inoculation (Fig. 1⇓B). The marked infiltrations of mast cells and mononuclear cells and a few eosinophils were observed 24 h after inoculation (Fig. 1⇓, D and F). The mast cells located in the mucosal layer had spindle shape and less granules (Fig. 1⇓, G and H). In contrast, the epithelium of gastric mucosa in control mice 24 h after inoculation of saline did not show any lesion, with rare mucosal mast cells (MMC) and no inflammatory cells (Fig. 1⇓, A, C, and E). Administration of BSA as a high protein control did not show any epithelial lesions nor histological changes, as were seen in VacA-treated mice (data not shown). These pathological changes were not observed 72 h after inoculation of VacA with no mononuclear cell and less mast cell ...
https://www.jimmunol.org/content/168/6/2603
Non-fibrillar Amyloidogenic Protein Assemblies - Common Cytotoxins Underlying Degenerative Diseases | Springer for Research &...Non-fibrillar Amyloidogenic Protein Assemblies - Common Cytotoxins Underlying Degenerative Diseases | Springer for Research &...
Aberrant protein folding and self-assembly underlie over 30 human diseases called amyloidoses, for which currently there is no cure. The diseases range from tissue-specific to systemic and from geneti
https://rd.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-94-007-2774-8
Plus itPlus it
We identify cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) as a target for tumor-selective drug development in bladder cancer and describe the characterization of ICT2700, designed to be metabolized from a prodrug to a potent cytotoxin selectively by CYP1A1. Elevated CYP1A1 expression was demonstrated in human bladder cancer relative to normal human tissues. RT112 bladder cancer cells, endogenously expressing CYP1A1, were selectively chemosensitive to ICT2700, whereas EJ138 bladder cells which do not express CYP1A1 were significantly less responsive. Introduction of CYP1A1 into EJ138 cells resulted in 75-fold increased chemosensitivity to ICT2700 relative to wild-type EJ138. Negligible chemosensitivity was observed to ICT2700 in EJ138 cells expressing CYP1A2, or with exposure of EJ138 cells to CYP1B1 or CYP3A4 generated metabolites of ICT2700. Chemosensitivity to ICT2700 was also negated in EJ138-CYP1A1 cells by the CYP1 inhibitor α-naphthoflavone. Furthermore, ICT2700 did not induce expression of the ...
http://mct.aacrjournals.org/content/early/2012/11/09/1535-7163.MCT-12-0405
Combinatorial Cationic Lipid-like Nanoparticles for Efficient Intracellular Cytotoxic Protein Delivery
Although protein-based drugs have shown success, they have been limited mostly to cytokines, growth factors, enzymes and monoclonal antibodies, all of which function primarily extracellularly.
http://www.techconnectworld.com/Nanotech2013/a.html?i=433
Harvard team uses stem cells to deliver toxic doses to cancer cells | FiercePharmaHarvard team uses stem cells to deliver toxic doses to cancer cells | FiercePharma
Researchers at Harvard have programmed stem cells embedded in a tumor to deliver a toxic dose of cytotoxins, killing the cancer cells from the inside.
https://www.fiercepharma.com/r-d/harvard-team-uses-stem-cells-to-deliver-toxic-doses-to-cancer-cells
Adaptive Changes in an Animal Model of Micro-Encephaly | Springer for Research & DevelopmentAdaptive Changes in an Animal Model of Micro-Encephaly | Springer for Research & Development
As a result of pre-natal or early post-natal exposure to a variety of agents (viruses, irradiation and cytotoxins) humans may develop microencephaly, characterized by reduction of brain size (Crome &...
https://rd.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-73148-8_15
Endogenous production and detoxification of a potent cytotoxin, nitric oxide, in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and...Endogenous production and detoxification of a potent cytotoxin, nitric oxide, in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and...
Runkel, S (2014) Endogenous production and detoxification of a potent cytotoxin, nitric oxide, in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Doctoral thesis, University of East Anglia. ...
https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/49472/
Porenbildendes Toxin - WikipediaPorenbildendes Toxin - Wikipedia
β-PFT sind in ihrer Proteinstruktur aus β-Faltblättern aufgebaut. α-Hämolysin[7] und Leukozidin S[8] sind strukturell verwandt, ebenso Aerolysin[9] und Clostridium ε-Toxin.[10] β-PFT sind Proteine, die als lösliche Monomere oder porenbildende Proteinkomplexe vorliegen. Der Kopf des heptameren α-Hämolysins ragt aus der Membran heraus, während der Stamm in der Lipiddoppelschicht der Membran liegt. Der Stamm besteht aus einem vierzehnsträngigen β-barrel, mit zwei Strängen aus jedem Monomer. Das Vibrio cholerae Cytolysin ist ebenfalls heptamer.[11] Das Staphylococcus aureus γ-Hämolysin bildet eine oktamere Pore aus sechzehn Strängen.[12] Das Panton-Valentine-Leukozidin S besitzt als Monomer eine ähnliche Form.[13] Die Bindung der Monomere aneinander und die Einfügung in die Membran erfolgt ähnlich wie bei den Zytolysinen durch Zusammenlagerung peripher an der Membran, gefolgt von einer Änderung der Proteinfaltung und der Einfügung des Stamms in die Membran anhand hydrophober ...
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porenbildendes_Toxin
RTX toxin - WikipediaRTX toxin - Wikipedia
The RTX toxin superfamily is a group of cytolysins and cytotoxins produced by bacteria. There are over 1000 known members with a variety of functions. The RTX family is defined by two common features: characteristic repeats in the toxin protein sequences, and extracellular secretion by the type I secretion systems (T1SS). The name RTX (repeats in toxin) refers to the glycine and aspartate-rich repeats located at the C-terminus of the toxin proteins, which facilitate export by a dedicated T1SS encoded within the rtx operon. RTX proteins range from 40 to over 600 kDa in size and all contain C-terminally located glycine and aspartate-rich repeat sequences of nine amino acids. The repeats contain the common sequence structure [GGXGXDX[L/I/V/W/Y/F]X], (where X represents any amino acid), but the number of repeats varies within RTX protein family members. These consensus regions function as sites for Ca2+ binding, which facilitate folding of the RTX protein following export via an ATP-mediated type 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTX_toxin
SAGES 2009 MeetingSAGES 2009 Meeting
PG Colon Course - Rocco Ricciardi C. diff-27 sec https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15238490 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=17638799 trend changes-2:24 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15116 Keyword(s): antibody response, bowel prep, C. diff colitis, CD, CDC, clinical severity score, CMS, community-acquired, cytotoxins, diarrhea, disease severity, donor stool, end ileostomy, enema, epidemic, Flagyl, fulminant pseudomembranous colitis, gastric acid-suppressive agents, hospital-acquired, IBD, immunoglobulins, lactate, laparoscopy, Malecot, Medicare reimbursement, mucous […] ...
https://www.sages.org/video-category/sages-2009-meeting/
The cytotoxic protein YopE of Yersinia obstructs the primary host defence. - PubMed - NCBIThe cytotoxic protein YopE of Yersinia obstructs the primary host defence. - PubMed - NCBI
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2191183?dopt=Abstract
Just the Vax: 100% certaintyJust the Vax: 100% certainty
The idea is that in response to vaccination, the body generates antibodies only against those proteins - those will bind to the surface of the bacteria when someone coughs at you and prevent the bacteria from sticking to your respiratory tract. Everything that is not circled in red is NOT in the vaccine. There is no chance that some surface bits injected into your arm or leg cause an illness that requires loads of bacteria sticking to those tiny cilia in your respiratory tract. Furthermore, the vaccine also does not contain the tracheal cytotoxin, which the bacteria release and which paralyses those cilia and prevent them from clearing your airways, which is what causes the characteristic cough (,- click on that link - this is what pertussis sounds like ...
http://justthevax.blogspot.com.au/2012/08/100-certainty.html
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits nuclear factor-κB and protein kinase B signalling pathways and induces caspase-3...Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits nuclear factor-κB and protein kinase B signalling pathways and induces caspase-3...
Fig. S1. The apoptotic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on human CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells (106 cells/ml) were cultured for 48 h in the indicated concentrations of CAPE (0-100 μM). The percentage of annexin-V+ and 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD)+ cells were measured by flow cytometry.. Fig. S2. The apoptotic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on stimulated human CD4+ T cells. CD4+ T cells (106 cells/ml) were cultured for 48 h in the absence or presence of CAPE (10 μM) with soluble anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies (2 μg/ml) stimulation. The percentage of annexin-V+ and 7-amino actinomycin D (7-AAD)+ cells from four asthmatic patients were measured by flow cytometry.. Fig. S3. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) inhibits interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-5 production by polarized T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th2 cells. Polarized helper T cells (106 cells/ml) were cultured for 48 h in the absence or presence of CAPE (10 μM) with soluble anti-CD3 and ...
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04067.x/abstract
In vivo and in vitro antıneoplastic actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): therapeutic perspectives.* - Propolis...
In vivo and in vitro antıneoplastic actions of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE): therapeutic perspectives.. Akyol S1, Ozturk G, Ginis Z, Armutcu F, Yigitoglu MR, Akyol O.. Author information. Abstract. Cancer prevention and treatment strategies have attracted increasing interest. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis extract, specifically inhibits NF-κB at μM concentrations and shows ability to stop 5-lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxygenation of linoleic acid and arachidonic acid. Previous studies have demonstrated that CAPE exhibits antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antiproliferative, cytostatic, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and, most improtantly, antineoplastic properties. The primary goal of the present review is to summarize and critically evaluate the current knowledge regarding the anticancer effect of CAPE in different cancer types.. PMID: 23659443 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]. ...
http://www.propolisscience.org/propolis-and-cancer/in-vivo-and-in-vitro-antineoplastic-actions-of-caffeic-acid-phenethyl-ester-cape-therapeutic-perspectives/
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits nuclear factor-κB and protein kinase B signalling pathways and induces caspase-3...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits nuclear factor-κB and protein kinase B signalling pathways and induces caspase-3 expression in primary human CD4+ T cells. AU - Wang, L. C.. AU - Chu, K. H.. AU - Liang, Y. C.. AU - Lin, Y. L.. AU - Chiang, B. L.. PY - 2010/5. Y1 - 2010/5. N2 - Summary Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component in propolis, is known to have anti-tumour, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this study, the effects of CAPE on the functions of primary human CD4+ T cells were evaluated in vitro. CAPE significantly suppressed interferon (IFN)-γ and interleukin (IL)-5 production and proliferation of CD4+ T cells stimulated by soluble anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 monoclonal antibodies in both healthy subjects and asthmatic patients. CAPE inhibited nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation and protein kinase B (Akt) phosphorylation, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation in T cells. CAPE also induced active caspase-3 ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/caffeic-acid-phenethyl-ester-inhibits-nuclear-factor-%CE%BAb-and-prote
Propolis Component Shows Anti-Cancer PropertiesPropolis Component Shows Anti-Cancer Properties
We found that micromolar concentrations of caffeic acid phenethyl ester blocked voltage-gated sodium channel activity in several invasive cell lines from different cancers, including breast (MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468), colon (SW620) and non-small cell lung cancer (H460). In the MDA-MB-231 cell line, which was adopted as a model, long-term (48h) treatment with 18μM caffeic acid phenethyl ester reduced the peak current density by 91% and shifted steady-state inactivation to more hyperpolarized potentials and slowed recovery from inactivation. The effects of long-term treatment were also dose-dependent, 1μM caffeic acid phenethyl ester reducing current density by only 65%. The effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester on metastatic cell behaviours were tested on the MDA-MB-231 cell line at a working concentration (1μM) that did not affect proliferative activity. Lateral motility and Matrigel invasion were reduced by up to 14% and 51%, respectively. Co-treatment of caffeic acid phenethyl ester ...
http://apitherapy.blogspot.co.nz/2016/01/propolis-component-shows-anti-cancer.html
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester triggers apoptosis through induction of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in CCRF-CEM cells...Caffeic acid phenethyl ester triggers apoptosis through induction of loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in CCRF-CEM cells...
CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester) is one of the most valuable and investigated component of propolis which is composed by honeybees. In the current study, we aimed at examining apoptotic effects of CAPE on CCRF-CEM leukemic cells and at determining the roles of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in cell death. ...
https://avesis.agu.edu.tr/yayin/94439ddd-0c8c-4105-a2bd-812ee4d15079/caffeic-acid-phenethyl-ester-triggers-apoptosis-through-induction-of-loss-of-mitochondrial-membrane-potential-in-ccrf-cem-cells
Evaluation of the Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Prostaglandin E2 and Two Key Cytokines Involved in Bleomycin...Evaluation of the Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester on Prostaglandin E2 and Two Key Cytokines Involved in Bleomycin...
Objective(s): Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is the most common outcome of a collection of diverse lung disorders known as interstitial lung diseases. It is proposed that alterations in the levels of fibrogenic mediators and the profibrotic/antifibrotic imbalance play a substantial role in the progression of PF in animal models and possibly in humans. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis, has numerous biological effects. In the present study, the main objective was to investigate the effects of CAPE on some key mediators including TGF-β1, TNF-α and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) involved in profibrotic/antifibrotic balance and pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Materials and Methods: In this study, forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 5 groups (n=8). (1)
https://ijbms.mums.ac.ir/article_1124.html
Does propofol or caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevent lung injury after hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion in ventilated rats? |...Does propofol or caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevent lung injury after hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion in ventilated rats? |...
Background: To investigate the effects of propofol and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on prevention of lung injury as a remote organ after performing hindlimb ischaemia-reperfusion (IR) in a rat model. ...
https://avesis.bezmialem.edu.tr/yayin/395c27b9-b9cc-4e35-800d-1e57bef95418/does-propofol-or-caffeic-acid-phenethyl-ester-prevent-lung-injury-after-hindlimb-ischaemia-reperfusion-in-ventilated-rats
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester | CAS 104594-70-9 | SCBT - Santa Cruz BiotechnologyCaffeic acid phenethyl ester | CAS 104594-70-9 | SCBT - Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester is Inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, protein tyrosine kinase and lipoxygenase activities. Cited in 17 publications
https://www.scbt.com/it/p/caffeic-acid-phenethyl-ester-104594-70-9
The production and evaluation of Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin in the supernatant of submerged cultures in fermenters
The optimal production of P. haemolytica leukotoxin in the culture supernatant of a fluid medium is dependent on a number of factors. The leukotoxin has to be produced by using a strain that is known for its ability to produce high quantities of leukotoxin, inoculated into the most suitable type of medium at the correct culture density containing the necessary supplements and harvested after a certain growth period. The volume in which it is produced may also have an influence. Two different procedures are described to produce the leukotoxin in 5 to 15-ℓ quantities in RPMI 1640 medium. The first method used to produce leukotoxin is one that has been repeatedly described since the presence of the leukotoxin was first established in 1978. Using this method seven batches of leukotoxin were produced in litre quantities with leukotoxin activity ranging from 23-67 u/mℓ. The seed culture inoculum is prepared in brain heart infusion broth, which is centrifuged before the organisms are inoculated ...
https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/20151
Clostridial toxin financial definition of clostridial toxinClostridial toxin financial definition of clostridial toxin
Definition of clostridial toxin in the Financial Dictionary - by Free online English dictionary and encyclopedia. What is clostridial toxin? Meaning of clostridial toxin as a finance term. What does clostridial toxin mean in finance?
http://financial-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/clostridial+toxin
Figure 2 - Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli, Japan, 1999-2004 - Volume 12, Number 2-February 2006 - Emerging Infectious...
In 1999, an infectious disease prevention law was enacted in Japan that affected the nationwide infectious surveillance system. A total of 19,304 laboratory-confirmed verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli cases were reported through 2004. The annual incidence was 2.74/100,000 population; its fluctuation over time and space was associated with climate, socioeconomic, and population factors.
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/2/05-0268-f2
OPUS Würzburg | Bacterial Cytolysin during Meningitis Disrupts the Regulation of Glutamate in the Brain, Leading to Synaptic...OPUS Würzburg | Bacterial Cytolysin during Meningitis Disrupts the Regulation of Glutamate in the Brain, Leading to Synaptic...
Abstract Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcal) meningitis is a common bacterial infection of the brain. The cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin represents a key factor, determining the neuropathogenic potential of the pneumococci. Here, we demonstrate selective synaptic loss within the superficial layers of the frontal neocortex of post-mortem brain samples from individuals with pneumococcal meningitis. A similar effect was observed in mice with pneumococcal meningitis only when the bacteria expressed the pore-forming cholesterol-dependent cytolysin pneumolysin. Exposure of acute mouse brain slices to only pore-competent pneumolysin at disease-relevant, non-lytic concentrations caused permanent dendritic swelling, dendritic spine elimination and synaptic loss. The NMDA glutamate receptor antagonists MK801 and D-AP5 reduced this pathology. Pneumolysin increased glutamate levels within the mouse brain slices. In mouse astrocytes, pneumolysin initiated the release of glutamate in a calcium
https://opus.bibliothek.uni-wuerzburg.de/frontdoor/index/index/docId/13046
Synthesis of Icaritin and β-anhydroicaritin Mannich Base Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Activities on Three Human Cancer...Synthesis of Icaritin and β-anhydroicaritin Mannich Base Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Activities on Three Human Cancer...
Title:Synthesis of Icaritin and β-anhydroicaritin Mannich Base Derivatives and Their Cytotoxic Activities on Three Human Cancer Cell Lines. VOLUME: 17 ISSUE: 1. Author(s):Van-Son Nguyen, Ling Shi, Sheng-Chun Wang and Qiu-An Wang. Affiliation:Technology Faculty of Thanh Hoa Campus, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082. Keywords:Icaritin, β-anhydroicaritin, Mannich base derivatives, synthesis, cytotoxic activity.. Abstract:Background: Prenyl flavonoid icaritin (1) and β-anhydroicaritin (2) are two natural products with important biological and pharmacological effects. such as antiosteoporosis, estrogen regulation and antitumor properties. Objective: The present study investigates the synthesis and cytotoxic activities on three Human cancer cell ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/140940/article
In vitro proteolytic processing and activation of the recombinant precursor of El Tor cytolysin/hemolysin (pro-HlyA) of Vibrio...In vitro proteolytic processing and activation of the recombinant precursor of El Tor cytolysin/hemolysin (pro-HlyA) of Vibrio...
Vibrio cholerae produces a cytolytic toxin named El Tor cytolysin/hemolysin which is encoded by the hlyA gene. This cytolysin is produced as a 79-kDa precursor form (pro-HlyA) into the culture supernatant after cleavage of the signal peptide of the hlyA product (prepro-HlyA). The pro-HlyA is then processed to a 65-kDa mature cytolysin (mature HlyA) after cleavage of the 15-kDa N-terminal peptide (pro region) of the 79-kDa precursor, usually at the bond between Ala-157 and Asn-158. We investigated whether proteases could process the recombinant 79-kDa pro-HlyA to the 65-kDa mature HlyA. We observed that the soluble hemagglutinin/ protease (HA/protease; a major protease of V. cholerae), trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, subtilisin BPN, papain, and thermolysin all processed the pro-HlyA to the 65-kDa mature form of the protein. Along with this, the protease-processed HlyA showed drastically increased hemolytic activity. The N-terminal amino acid of the mature form of cytolysin generated by HA/protease ...
https://iai.asm.org/content/64/11/4655?ijkey=46bbe5db3c6ff2d53f031ab7659e95a1bfcf8fa0&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Studies on the effects of sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the virulence factors of biofilm bacteria ...
While LPS changes may possibly help the biofilm bacteria escape host immune system in vivo, more direct evidence of increases in virulence of the pathogen comes from investigation of its secreted proteases and cytotoxins (leucocidin). Virulence-specific azocasein and micro-culture tetrazolium (MTT) assays against both monospecies and binary biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa indicate significant increases in virulence potential of proteases and cytotoxins, respectively. These results were further substantiated in phase contrast microscopy images showing advanced stages of oncosis in tissue cultured mouse spleen myeloma (Sp2) cells treated with leucocidin isolated from Ps. aeruginosa treated with sub-MIC ...
https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/studies-on-the-effects-of-sub-minimal-inhibitory-concentrations-o
Deconstruction Review of Fringe, Episode 16, Season 2, Olivia. In the Lab. With the Revolver « Cordial DeconstructionDeconstruction Review of Fringe, Episode 16, Season 2, Olivia. In the Lab. With the Revolver « Cordial Deconstruction
As usual, an episode synopsis can be found over at Scotts Polite Dissent. Im Mentioning Cytotoxins Just for the Search Engine Hits Epidermal blistering and tissue necrosis do indeed match the symptoms from cytotoxins, and so this section is designed solely to increase my search engine hits for this Deconstruction review of Fringe. While Im…
https://blog.cordialdeconstruction.com/2010/04/08/deconstruction-review-of-fringe-episode-16-season-2-olivia-in-the-lab-with-the-revolver/
Toxins of the helicobacter genus and their roles in pathogenesisToxins of the helicobacter genus and their roles in pathogenesis
article{279c7ca3-4c9b-4e92-95e9-36ca7d4d1564, abstract = {In the 20 years since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori the number of formally described Helicobacter spp. has increased dramatically. The majority of species in the genus have been associated with some form of pathology. Similar to other Gram-negative bacteria, all helicobacters have lipopolysaccharides or endotoxins in the outer leaflet of their outer membrane which is an important modulator of the immune system. H. pylori endotoxin has a number of roles in the pathogenesis of the bacterium. Its relatively low biological and immunological activity and molecular mimicry may contribute to the chronic nature of infection through avoidance of host defence mechanisms and adhesion. In addition to endotoxins, various helicobacters also secrete distinct exotoxins capable of host cell damage. H. pylori has been shown to possess a cytotoxin capable of inducing vacuoles in epithelial cells termed vacuolating cytotoxin or VacA. Although VacA has ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/280912
Pre GI: BLASTP Hits
General Information: This genus consists of organisms that colonize the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract or are found enterohepatically (in the liver). It was only recently discovered (1983) by two Australians (Warren and Marshall) that this organism was associated with peptic ulcers. It is one of the most common chronic infectious organisms, and is found in half the worlds population. This organism attacks the gastric epithilial surface, resulting in chronic gastritis, and can cause more severe diseases including those that lead to gastric carcinomas and lymphomas, peptic ulcers, and severe diarrhea. It is an extracellular pathogen that persists in the gastric environment, which has a very low pH, by production of the urease enzyme, which converts urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide, a process which can counteract the acidic environment by production of a base. The toxins include cytolethal distending toxin, vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) that induces host epithelial cell apopoptosis ...
http://pregi.bi.up.ac.za/pre_gi_blast.php?blast_source_accession=NC_017379&blast_cds_query=NC_017379:1035464:1042610
Pre GI: Gene
General Information: This genus consists of organisms that colonize the mucosal layer of the gastrointestinal tract or are found enterohepatically (in the liver). It was only recently discovered (1983) by two Australians (Warren and Marshall) that this organism was associated with peptic ulcers. It is one of the most common chronic infectious organisms, and is found in half the worlds population. This organism attacks the gastric epithilial surface, resulting in chronic gastritis, and can cause more severe diseases including those that lead to gastric carcinomas and lymphomas, peptic ulcers, and severe diarrhea. It is an extracellular pathogen that persists in the gastric environment, which has a very low pH, by production of the urease enzyme, which converts urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide, a process which can counteract the acidic environment by production of a base. The toxins include cytolethal distending toxin, vacuolating cytotoxin (VacA) that induces host epithelial cell apopoptosis ...
http://pregi.bi.up.ac.za/pre_gi_gene.php?source_accession=NC_017379&gi_accession=NC_017379:1035464
Chapter 175. Infections Due to Mycoplasmas | Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e | AccessPharmacy | McGraw-Hill...Chapter 175. Infections Due to Mycoplasmas | Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18e | AccessPharmacy | McGraw-Hill...
epithelial cells by means of a complex terminal organelle at the tip of one end of the organism. Cytoadherence is mediated by interactive adhesins and accessory proteins clustered on this organelle. After extracellular attachment, M. pneumoniae causes injury to host respiratory tissue. The mechanism of injury is thought to be mediated by the production of hydrogen peroxide and of a recently identified ADP-ribosylating and vacuolating cytotoxin of M. pneumoniae that has many similarities to pertussis toxin. Because mycoplasmas lack a cell wall, they also lack cell wall-derived stimulators of the innate immune system, such as lipopolysaccharide, lipoteichoic acid, and murein (peptidoglycan) fragments. However, lipoproteins from the mycoplasmal cell membrane appear to have inflammatory properties, probably acting through Toll-like receptors (primarily TLR2) on macrophages and other cells. Lung ...
http://accesspharmacy.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=331§ionid=40726929
The Rac GTPase-activating bacterial protein toxin CNF1 induces analgesia up-regulating μ-opioid receptorsThe Rac GTPase-activating bacterial protein toxin CNF1 induces analgesia up-regulating μ-opioid receptors
ABSTRACTCytotoxic Necrotizing Factor 1 (CNF1) is a protein toxin from Escherichia coli that constitutively activates the Rho, Rac and Cdc42 GTPases. These regulatory proteins oscillate between a cytosolic GDP-bound inactive form and a membrane-linked GTP-bound active form, orchestrating the actin cy
https://insights.ovid.com/pain/jpain/2009/09/000/rac-gtpase-activating-bacterial-protein-toxin-cnf1/34/00006396
Sequence Similarity - 1O72: Crystal structure of the water-soluble state of the pore-forming cytolysin Sticholysin II...Sequence Similarity - 1O72: Crystal structure of the water-soluble state of the pore-forming cytolysin Sticholysin II...
1O72: Crystal and Electron Microscopy Structures of Sticholysin II Actinoporin Reveal Insights Into the Mechanism of Membrane Pore Formation
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/sequenceCluster.do?structureId=1O72
RCSB PDB - 1GWY: Crystal structure of the water-soluble state of the pore-forming cytolysin Sticholysin II...RCSB PDB - 1GWY: Crystal structure of the water-soluble state of the pore-forming cytolysin Sticholysin II...
1GWY: Crystal and Electron Microscopy Structures of Sticholysin II Actinoporin Reveal Insights Into the Mechanism of Membrane Pore Formation
http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/explore/derivedData.do?structureId=1GWY
Cytotoxic Activity of Epingaione | West Indian Medical JournalCytotoxic Activity of Epingaione | West Indian Medical Journal
Epingaione (4-Methyl-1-(5-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-[2,3]bifuranyl-5-yl)-pentan-2-one) was isolated as one of the major lipophilic secondary metabolites from the leaves and stems of Bontia daphnoides L. The compound gave 79.24% and 50.83% anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity on the human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and TE-671 sarcoma cells in vitro at 50 μg/mL, respectively. Epingaione was transformed into eleven derivatives under laboratory conditions using ethanol, some gave greater anti-proliferation/cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell lines tested. ...
https://www.mona.uwi.edu/fms/wimj/category/keywords/cytotoxic-activity-epingaione
Bacillus cereus enterotoxins, bi- and tri- component cytolysins and other haemolysins | DIAL.pr - BOREALBacillus cereus enterotoxins, bi- and tri- component cytolysins and other haemolysins | DIAL.pr - BOREAL
Michelet, Nathalie ; Granum, Per Einar ; Mahillon, Jacques. Bacillus cereus enterotoxins, bi- and tri- component cytolysins and other haemolysins. In: Author : J, Alouf ; Editor(s) : Alouf and Popoff, The Comprehensive Sourcebook of Bacterial Protein Toxins, Elsevier 2005, p. 779- ...
https://dial.uclouvain.be/pr/boreal/object/boreal:145950
Most recent papers with the keyword STX | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword STX | Read by QxMD
Herein, we report the pathogenic and phylogenetic characteristics of seven Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from 434 retail meats in Korea during 2006-2012. The experimental analyses revealed that all the isolates (i) were identified as non-O157 STEC, including O91:H14 (3 isolates), O121:H10 (2), O91:H21 (1), and O18:H20 (1), (ii) carried diverse Stx subtype genes (stx1, stx2c, stx2e, or stx1+stx2b) whose expression levels were varied strain by strain, and (iii) lacked the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island, a major virulence factor of STEC, but possessed one or more alternative virulence genes encoding cytotoxins (Cdt and SubAB) and/or adhesins (Saa, Iha, and EcpA ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/keyword/100004
Seek, Sense, and Destroy | Science SignalingSeek, Sense, and Destroy | Science Signaling
Highly virulent enterococcal strains have a pathogenicity island within their genome that encodes, among other traits, a cytolytic toxin that uses a quorum-sensing mechanism to affect autoinduction. Coburn et al. (see the Perspective by Garsin) show that the bacterium actively secretes two components, an autoinducer and an anti-autoinducer. In the absence of target cells, these two interact and prevent the autoinducer from feeding back to induce high-level expression of the cytolysin. In the presence of the target cell, however, the anti-autoinducer binds to the target cell and allows the autoinducer to accumulate to the threshold level required for quorum induction of the cytolysin operon. The anti-autoinducer is itself a toxin component and effectively tags the target for destruction. P. S. Coburn, C. M. Pillar, B. D. Jett, W. Haas, M. S. Gilmore, Enterococcus faecalis senses target cells and in response expresses cytolysin. Science 306, 2270-2272 (2004). [Abstract] [Full Text]. D. A. Garsin, ...
http://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2005/265/tw12
SearchSearch
Pathogenesis of Gardenerella vaginalis Archives | Microbe NotesPathogenesis of Gardenerella vaginalis Archives | Microbe Notes
Pathogenesis of Gardenerella vaginalis A. Adherence of G. vaginalis to Host Epithelium: Initial Steps in Invasion The initial steps of establishing infection include adherence to host receptor sites, production of cytotoxic substances specific for host cells, and biofilm formation. vaginais produces vaginolysin, a cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, for human cells and encodes a pore-forming toxin that binds … Read more Pathogenesis and Clinical manifestation of Gardenerella vaginalis. ...
https://microbenotes.com/tag/pathogenesis-of-gardenerella-vaginalis/
Anti-CMV (Sevirumab)-SMCC-DM1 ADC - Creative BiolabsAnti-CMV (Sevirumab)-SMCC-DM1 ADC - Creative Biolabs
Derived from Maytansinoid,a group of cytotoxins structurally similar to rifamycin, geldanamycin, and ansatrienin. The eponymous natural cytotoxic agent maytansine is a 19-member lactam (ansa macrolide) structure originally isolated from the Ethiopian shrub Maytenus ovatus. Maytansinoids can bind to tubulin at or near the vinblastine-binding site, which interfere the formation of microtubules and depolymerize already formed microtubules, inducing mitotic arrest in the intoxicated cells ...
https://www.creative-biolabs.com/adc/sevirumab-smcc-dm1-adc-2257.htm
Sutro ADC Targeting CD74 Eradicates B-Cell Hematologic Malignancy, Prolongs Survival in Tumor Models | Sutro Biopharma, Inc.Sutro ADC Targeting CD74 Eradicates B-Cell Hematologic Malignancy, Prolongs Survival in Tumor Models | Sutro Biopharma, Inc.
STRO-001 was developed with Sutros proprietary cell-free protein synthesis and site-specific conjugation platforms, which facilitate multiple rounds of antibody and ADC optimization, said Dr. Arturo Molina, a medical oncologist and Sutros chief medical officer.. Sutros Xpress CF+™ platform enables it to produce novel ADCs that directly target cancer cells and avoid a toxic bystander effect on adjacent healthy cells, he added.. Unlike conventional cell-based expression systems, Sutros technology isolates a cells protein production machinery into a cell-free extract, Xtract CF™, which includes all the necessary biochemical components for energy production, transcription and translation. The Xpress CF+™ platform further supports incorporation of non-natural amino acids in specific positions in the protein of interest, allowing for site-specific conjugation of cytotoxins and the creation of homogeneous ADCs. This process is capable of producing single proteins at large scale within ...
https://www.sutrobio.com/sutro-adc-targeting-cd74-eradicates-b-cell-hematologic-malignancy-prolongs-survival-in-tumor-models/
Medical - LogisticsMedical - Logistics
Cytotoxic Shock Prostration of bodily functions caused by high levels of cytotoxins. It can be treated with inaprovaline.. Darnays Disease A deadly ailment that attacks the brain and nervous system of its victim.. Dermal Dysplasia Skin disorder caused by an overexposure of the skin to dangerous levels of thermal and ultraviolet radiation.. Forrester-Trent Syndrome Degenerative neurological disorder that is very rare and, if left untreated, can cause paralysis and even death.. Hesperan Thumping Cough A flu-like affliction.. Holodiction A psychological condition where an individual gets so caught up in holographic simulations that the real world becomes unimportant. Also known as Holodeck Addiction.. HTDS Holo-Transference Dementia Syndrome. A medical condition in which someone becomes so disoriented within a holographic simulation that they lose their sense of identity and start to think that they are part of the program.. Irumodic Syndrome Degenerative disorder that causes progressive ...
http://megiddo.wikidot.com/medical
Cytokinetics: A Preview of Key Upcoming Clinical Trial Results (CYTK, $10.17) | Expert Financial Analysis and Reporting | Smith...Cytokinetics: A Preview of Key Upcoming Clinical Trial Results (CYTK, $10.17) | Expert Financial Analysis and Reporting | Smith...
Introduction This report is an update on my thinking on Cytokinetics. It should be read in conjunction with earlier reports, especially my initiation report of March 15, Cytokinetics: Critical Phase IIB Data is Upcoming in 2013 for Omecamtiv Mecarbil and Tirasemtiv (CYTK, $6.30). In that report, I first recommended
http://smithonstocks.com/cytokinetics-a-preview-of-key-upcoming-clinical-trial-results-cytk-10-17/?co=cytokinetics
LAA047Hu81 | 肝细胞生长因子(HGF)多克隆抗体(异硫氰酸荧光素标记) | Homo sapiens (Human，人) USCN(武汉优尔生商贸有限公司)LAA047Hu81 | 肝细胞生长因子(HGF)多克隆抗体(异硫氰酸荧光素标记) | Homo sapiens (Human，人) USCN(武汉优尔生商贸有限公司)
LAA047Hu81, FITC-Linked Polyclonal Antibody to Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF), 肝细胞生长因子(HGF)多克隆抗体(异硫氰酸荧光素标记), HGF; F-TCF; HGFB; HPTA; SF; Scatter Factor; Hepapoietin A; Fibroblast-Derived Tumor Cytotoxic Factor; Lung Fibroblast-Derived Mitogen | 仅供体外研究使用，不用于临床诊断！请索取进口关税税单及报关单！
http://www.uscnk.cn/uscn/FITC-Linked-Antibody-to-Hepatocyte-Growth-Factor-
1. 1. Fusion of the breakpoint cluster - Free Students Essays Examples
The MTT assay is based on the conversion of MTT into formazan crystals by living cells, that determines number of viable cells. The treatment of K562 cells with different concentrations of metylthiosemicarbazon complex with Zn2+ (30, 50, 80, 100, 130, 150 and 200µM) at 24, 48 and 72 h. As showen Fig, metylthiosemicarbazon complex with Zn2+ has cytotoxic activity on the K562 cell line and was able to inhibit the proliferation of the K562 cell line. The IC50 is a measure of the effectiveness of metylthiosemicarbazon complex with Zn2+ in inhibiting of proliferation of K562 cells. The IC50 value of this compound is 100µM in 72 h.. Figure 1: Effect of metylthiosemicarbazon complex with Zn2+ on K562 cells. The K562 cells were treated with various concentrations (30-150µM) of metylthiosemicarbazon complex with Zn2+ for 24, 48, 72 h and then were investigated by MTT assay. Data are shown as mean ± SD.. 3.2 Morphological study of K562 ...
https://cheapjewelryus.com/1-11-6876/
2014 Porsche Boxster Type S Convertible | Carrozzeria Silvestri Meccatronico, Meccanico, Elettrauto, Revisione e Tagliando...2014 Porsche Boxster Type S Convertible | Carrozzeria Silvestri Meccatronico, Meccanico, Elettrauto, Revisione e Tagliando...
La Carrozzeria di Carine Silvestri opera da anni secondo specifici valori: affidabilità, qualità, precisione, efficienza e rispetto del cliente.
http://www.carrozzeriasilvestri.it/listings/2014-porsche-boxster-type-s-convertible/
Suzuki CNF 200 Strain Passport - StrainInfo
This Histri was built automatically but not manually verified. As a consequence, the Histri can be incomplete or can contain errors ...
http://www.straininfo.net/strains/54750
Dainese D-air® Racing Misano. Chándal profesional - Dainese (Tienda Oficial)Dainese D-air® Racing Misano. Chándal profesional - Dainese (Tienda Oficial)
Dainese D-air® Racing Misano. Chándal profesional, certificado en piel de vaca D-Skin 2.0 con sistema de protección inteligente D-air® Racing y protecciones incluidas. Compra online en la tienda oficial de Dainese.
https://www.dainese.com/es/es/promotions/moto/misano-d-air%C2%AE-perforated-suit-201D10016.html?cgid=sale-motorbike&dwvar_201D10016_color=BLACK%2FBLACK%2FWHITE
Dainese D-air® Racing Misano. Chándal profesional - Dainese (Tienda Oficial)Dainese D-air® Racing Misano. Chándal profesional - Dainese (Tienda Oficial)
Dainese D-air® Racing Misano. Chándal profesional, certificado en piel de vaca D-Skin 2.0 con sistema de protección inteligente D-air® Racing y protecciones incluidas. Compra online en la tienda oficial de Dainese.
https://www.dainese.com/es/es/moto/misano-d-air%C2%AE-perforated-suit-201D10016.html?dwvar_201D10016_color=BLACK%2FBLACK%2FFLUO-RED
Tracheal cytotoxinTracheal cytotoxin
... (TCT) is a 921 dalton glycopeptide released by Bordetella pertussis, Vibrio fischeri (as a symbiosis ... Cundell, DR; Kanthakumar, K; Taylor, GW; Goldman, WE; Flak, T; Cole, PJ; Wilson, R (1994). "Effect of tracheal cytotoxin from ... A major peptidoglycan fragment released by gonococci is identical to the tracheal cytotoxin of Bordetella pertussis and has ... Chang, CI; Chelliah, Y; Borek, D; Mengin-Lecreulx, D; Deisenhofer, J (24 March 2006). "Structure of tracheal cytotoxin in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracheal_cytotoxin
Clostridial Cytotoxin familyClostridial Cytotoxin family
Cytotoxins of the CCT family are large (e.g., toxin B of C. difficile is 2366 aas long) and tripartite with the N-terminal ... The Clostridial Cytotoxin (CCT) Family (TC# 1.C.57) is a member of the RTX-toxin superfamily. There are currently 13 classified ... Proteolytically processed clostridial cytotoxins A (306 kDa; TC# 1.C.57.1.2) and B (269 kDa; TC# 1.C.57.1.1) are O- ... Amimoto K, Noro T, Oishi E, Shimizu M (April 2007). "A novel toxin homologous to large clostridial cytotoxins found in culture ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridial_Cytotoxin_family
Tumor hypoxiaTumor hypoxia
Ahn GO, Brown M (May 2007). "Targeting tumors with hypoxia-activated cytotoxins". Frontiers in Bioscience. 12 (8-12): 3483-501 ... hypoxia-selective cytotoxins/drugs, and HIF-1 inhibitors. Moreover, it is possible to treat a hypoxic tumor by means of ion ... of cancer progression and therapeutic response Several review articles summarize the current status of hypoxic cytotoxins ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumor_hypoxia
DEPT (medicine)DEPT (medicine)
Ahn, GO; Brown, M (May 1, 2007). "Targeting tumors with hypoxia-activated cytotoxins". Frontiers in Bioscience. 12 (8-12): 3483 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DEPT_(medicine)
Paul TerasakiPaul Terasaki
Microdroplet assay of human serum cytotoxins. Nature 1964; 204: 998-1000. Terasaki PI. Resolution by HLA testing of 1000 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Terasaki
Naja asheiNaja ashei
It consists of postsynaptic neurotoxins and cytotoxins. However, N. ashei is capable of injecting a much larger volume of venom ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naja_ashei
LamellariaLamellaria
2015 to a cytotoxin. Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S. (2012). Lamellaria. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http:// ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamellaria
AzaspiracidAzaspiracid
As a potent cytotoxin". Toxicon. 53 (6): 680-4. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.02.008. PMID 19233223. Torgersen, Trine; Bremnes, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azaspiracid
CyanotoxinCyanotoxin
They include potent neurotoxins, hepatotoxins, cytotoxins, and endotoxins. Despite the similarity in name, they are unrelated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyanotoxin
Equatorial spitting cobraEquatorial spitting cobra
The venom also consists of cardiotoxins and cytotoxins. Although the venom of the Equatorial spitting cobra (N. sumatrana) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equatorial_spitting_cobra
QuinoneQuinone
They form a major class of anticancer cytotoxins. One example is daunorubicin, which is antileukemic. Some of them show anti- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinone
Macrovipera lebetinus turanicaMacrovipera lebetinus turanica
It's also possible that it contains hemorrhagins and cytotoxins. The average venom yield per bite is somewhere between 31-63 mg ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrovipera_lebetinus_turanica
Atheris hispidaAtheris hispida
Besides the neurotoxins, they also carry cytotoxins and fasciculins. Toxicity of individual specimens within the same species ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheris_hispida
Apratoxin AApratoxin A
In particular, Apartoxin A has been found to be a potent cancer cell cytotoxin. It has been found to be remarkably cytotoxic in ... It is a derivative of the Apratoxin family of cytotoxins. The mixed peptide-polyketide natural product comes from a polyketide ... Although much work has been done to understand the mechanism-of-action for this cytotoxin, there is no defined understanding ... synthase/non-ribosomal peptide synthase pathway (PKS/NRPS). This cytotoxin is known for inducing G1-phase cell cycle arrest and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apratoxin_A
AB5 toxinAB5 toxin
The subtilase cytotoxin A subunit (subA, Q6EZC2) is a protease known to cleave binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP), leading to ... Wang, Hui; Paton, James C.; Paton, Adrienne W. (October 2007). "Pathologic Changes in Mice Induced by Subtilase Cytotoxin, a ... Paton, AW; Paton, JC (Feb 1, 2010). "Escherichia coli Subtilase Cytotoxin". Toxins. 2 (2): 215-228. doi:10.3390/toxins2020215. ... Paton, AW; Paton, JC (1 February 2010). "Escherichia coli Subtilase Cytotoxin". Toxins. 2 (2): 215-228. doi:10.3390/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB5_toxin
Clostridium difficile toxin BClostridium difficile toxin B
Toxin B (TcdB) is a cytotoxin that has a molecular weight of 270 kDa and an isoelectric point, pl, of 4.1. Toxin B has four ... Nakamura S, Mikawa M, Tanabe N, Yamakawa K, Nishida S (1982). "Effect of clindamycin on cytotoxin production by Clostridium ... von Eichel-Streiber C (1997). "Enterotoxin A and cytotoxin B (Clostridium difficile)". In Montecucco C, Rappuoli R (eds.). ... von Eichel-Streiber C, Boquet P, Sauerborn M, Thelestam M (October 1996). "Large clostridial cytotoxins--a family of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_toxin_B
CagACagA
"Search: "cytotoxin-associated gene A" "Helicobacter pylori"". Protein. NCBI. (Protein pages needing a picture, All accuracy ... Helicobacter pylori virulence factor CagA (cytotoxin-associated gene A) is a 120-145kDa protein encoded on the 40kb cag ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CagA
Shiga toxinShiga toxin
Stx-2 shares 56% sequence identity with Stx-1. Cytotoxins - an archaic denotation for Stx - is used in a broad sense. ... Konowalchuk J, Speirs JI, Stavric S (December 1977). "Vero response to a cytotoxin of Escherichia coli". Infection and Immunity ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiga_toxin
Fungal ribotoxinFungal ribotoxin
Wool, I. G.; Huber, P. W.; Endo, Y. (1983-02-25). "The ribonuclease activity of the cytotoxin alpha-sarcin. The characteristics ... "The cytotoxin α-sarcin behaves as a cyclizing ribonuclease". FEBS Letters. 424 (1-2): 46-48. doi:10.1016/S0014-5793(98)00137-9 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal_ribotoxin
CereulideCereulide
It is a potent cytotoxin that destroys mitochondria. It also causes nausea and vomiting. Cereulide acts as ionophore with a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cereulide
Brefeldin ABrefeldin A
... a cytotoxin produced by Paecilomyces sp. and Aspergillus clavatus isolated from Taxus mairei and Torreya grandis". FEMS ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brefeldin_A
TirapazamineTirapazamine
November 2008). "Tricyclic [1,2,4]triazine 1,4-dioxides as hypoxia selective cytotoxins". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 51 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tirapazamine
DinotoxinDinotoxin
Yessotoxins (YTXs) are potent cytotoxins which are made of disulfated polyether compounds. This toxins compromises the tumor ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinotoxin
Egyptian cobraEgyptian cobra
The venom of the Egyptian cobra consists mainly of neurotoxins and cytotoxins. The average venom yield is 175 to 300 mg in a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian_cobra
List of dangerous snakesList of dangerous snakes
Two forms of "cytotoxin II" (cardiotoxin) were found in the venom of this species. The crude venom of this species produced the ... The venom of the Egyptian cobra consists mainly of neurotoxins and cytotoxins. The average venom yield is 175 to 300 mg in a ... The venom of the black-necked spitting cobra is somewhat unique among elapids in that it consists primarily of cytotoxins, but ... S. (1999). "Two forms of cytotoxin II (cardiotoxin) from Naja naja oxiana in aqueous solution. Spatial structures with tightly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_dangerous_snakes
Clostridium difficile toxin AClostridium difficile toxin A
Earlier research established TcdA strictly as an enterotoxin, and TcdB as a cytotoxin, but later both toxins were found to have ... Tucker KD, Carrig PE, Wilkins TD (May 1990). "Toxin A of Clostridium difficile is a potent cytotoxin". Journal of Clinical ... Florin I, Thelestam M (December 1983). "Internalization of Clostridium difficile cytotoxin into cultured human lung fibroblasts ... but it also has some activity as a cytotoxin. The toxin acts by modifying host cell GTPase proteins by glucosylation, leading ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clostridium_difficile_toxin_A
Three-finger toxinThree-finger toxin
Konshina AG, Boldyrev IA, Utkin YN, Omel'kov AV, Efremov RG (April 2011). "Snake cytotoxins bind to membranes via interactions ... and the cardiotoxin/cytotoxin family, in which a larger fraction of the protein's residues are believed to have functional ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-finger_toxin
Hopea exalataHopea exalata
Ge, Hui Ming; Xu, Chen; Wang, Xiao Ting; Huang, Bo; Tan, Ren Xiang (December 2006). "Hopeanol: A Potent Cytotoxin with A Novel ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopea_exalata
Pancreatic ribonuclease familyPancreatic ribonuclease family
Molecular cloning of a cytotoxin and helminthotoxin with ribonuclease activity". J. Exp. Med. 170 (1): 163-176. doi:10.1084/jem ... a cytotoxin and helminthotoxin with ribonuclease activity; and frog liver ribonuclease and frog sialic acid-binding lectin. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pancreatic_ribonuclease_family
Mozambique spitting cobraMozambique spitting cobra
The venom of this species contains postsynaptic neurotoxin and cytotoxin. There have been only a few fatalities resulting from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mozambique_spitting_cobra
Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Medication: Corticosteroids, Cytotoxins, Immunosuppressants, Antineoplastics, Anti...Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis Medication: Corticosteroids, Cytotoxins, Immunosuppressants, Antineoplastics, Anti...
Diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (DPGN) is a term used to describe a distinct histologic form of glomerulonephritis common to various types of systemic inflammatory diseases, including autoimmune disorders (eg, systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]), vasculitis syndromes (eg, Wegener granulomatosis), and infectious processes. In DPGN, mo...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/239646-medication
Cytotoxin - Nuklearth - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal ArchivesCytotoxin - Nuklearth - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives
RCSB PDB - 4BWG: Structural basis of subtilase cytotoxin SubAB assemblyRCSB PDB - 4BWG: Structural basis of subtilase cytotoxin SubAB assembly
SUBTILASE CYTOTOXIN, SUBUNIT B. B, C, D, E, F, H, I, J, K, L ... Structural basis of subtilase cytotoxin SubAB assembly. *PDB ... Structural Basis of Subtilase Cytotoxin Subab Assembly.. Le Nours, J., Paton, A.W., Byres, E., Troy, S., Herdman, B.P., Johnson ... Structural basis of subtilase cytotoxin SubAB assembly ...
https://www.rcsb.org/structure/4bwg
Table 1 - Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Gastroenteritis in Farm Visitors, North Wales - Volume 9, Number 5-May...
Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Gastroenteritis in Farm Visitors, North Wales Christopher J.I. Payne*. , Marko ... Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Gastroenteritis in Farm Visitors, North Wales. ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/content/9/5/526-t1.htm
Structural characterisation of a novel AB5 cytotoxin - SubAB - Monash University
Structural characterisation of a novel AB5 cytotoxin - SubAB. *Beddoe, Travis (Primary Chief Investigator (PCI)) ...
https://research.monash.edu/en/projects/structural-characterisation-of-a-novel-ab5-cytotoxin-subab
The effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin and toxin A on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes | Microbiology SocietyThe effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytotoxin and toxin A on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes | Microbiology Society
Colloidal-gold-labelled cytotoxin showed an affinity for the cytoplasmic membranes, nuclei and granules of PMNL. Cytotoxin had ... Cytotoxin caused marked clumping and destruction of PMNL, pyknotic nuclear changes with bleb formation, and release of ... Cytotoxin and toxin A appear to be important in the pathogenesis of infections caused by P. aeruginosa. ... Summary After exposure to cytotoxin or toxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the ultrastructure of resting and phagocytosing human ...
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/00222615-24-4-315
Combination of Culture, Antigen and Toxin Detection, and Cytotoxin Neutralization Assay for Optimal Clostridium difficile...Combination of Culture, Antigen and Toxin Detection, and Cytotoxin Neutralization Assay for Optimal Clostridium difficile...
In addition, conventional reference methods for C difficile detection (eg, toxigenic culture and cytotoxin neutralization [CTN ... Combination of Culture, Antigen and Toxin Detection, and Cytotoxin Neutralization Assay for Optimal Clostridium difficile ...
https://mspace.lib.umanitoba.ca/xmlui/handle/1993/31346
Targeting urokinase and the transferrin receptor with novel, anti-mitotic N-Alkylisatin cytotoxin conjugates causes selective...Targeting urokinase and the transferrin receptor with novel, anti-mitotic N-Alkylisatin cytotoxin conjugates causes selective...
We have previously described a series of synthetic N-alkylated isatin cytotoxins that destabilize microtubules and induce ... We have previously described a series of synthetic N-alkylated isatin cytotoxins that destabilize microtubules and induce ... Targeting urokinase and the transferrin receptor with novel, anti-mitotic N-Alkylisatin cytotoxin conjugates causes selective ... anti-mitotic N-Alkylisatin cytotoxin conjugates causes selective cancer cell death and reduces tumor growth. Current Cancer ...
https://scholars.uow.edu.au/display/publication49486
Comparison of four commercially available rapid enzyme immunoassays with cytotoxin assay for detection of Clostridium difficile...
The sensitivity of the cytotoxin assay was 87%, and that of culture was 93%. In comparison with the cytotoxin assay results, ... The sensitivity of the cytotoxin assay was 87%, and that of culture was 93%. In comparison with the cytotoxin assay results, ... The sensitivity of the cytotoxin assay was 87%, and that of culture was 93%. In comparison with the cytotoxin assay results, ... The sensitivity of the cytotoxin assay was 87%, and that of culture was 93%. In comparison with the cytotoxin assay results, ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/comparison-of-four-commercially-available-rapid-enzyme-immunoassa-4
Typography - CYTOTOXINTypography - CYTOTOXIN
Energistically benchmark focused growth strategies via superior supply chains. Compellingly reintermediate mission-critical potentialities whereas cross functional scenarios. The re-engineer distributed processes without standardized supply chains.. Energistically benchmark focused growth strategies via superior supply chains. Compellingly reintermediate mission-critical potentialities whereas cross functional scenarios. The re-engineer distributed processes without standardized supply chains.. Energistically benchmark focused growth strategies via superior supply chains. Compellingly reintermediate mission-critical potentialities whereas cross functional scenarios. The re-engineer distributed processes without standardized supply chains.. Energistically benchmark focused growth strategies via superior supply chains. Compellingly reintermediate mission-critical potentialities whereas cross functional scenarios. The re-engineer distributed processes without standardized supply ...
https://www.cytotoxin.de/features/typography/
Tech Death Thursday-Cytotoxin - The Toilet Ov HellTech Death Thursday-Cytotoxin - The Toilet Ov Hell
Today were taking a look at Cytotoxin. They released their most recent album titled Radiophobia in 2012 on Unique Leader ...
https://toiletovhell.com/tech-death-thursday-cytotoxin/
Glentham Life Sciences - CytotoxinsGlentham Life Sciences - Cytotoxins
Glentham Life Sciences offers a wide range of Cytotoxins. Find catalogue prices, chemical data, technical specifications and ... Cytotoxins. Cytotoxins and cytotoxic APIs for various areas of research.. Listing all products A-Z. ...
https://www.glentham.com/en/products/categories/cytotoxins/view-50-all/
Details for: Tumour necrosis factor and related cytotoxins. › WHO HQ Library catalog
congresses , Cytotoxins -- congressesNLM classification: QZ 200 Tags from this library: No tags from this library for this ... Tumour necrosis factor and related cytotoxins. Material type: TextSeries: Ciba Foundation symposium ; 131Publication details: ...
https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BCytotoxins%7D
Table 2 - Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Gastroenteritis in Farm Visitors, North Wales - Volume 9, Number 5-May...
Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Gastroenteritis in Farm Visitors, North Wales Christopher J.I. Payne*. , Marko ... Vero Cytotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli O157 Gastroenteritis in Farm Visitors, North Wales. ...
https://wwwnc-origin.cdc.gov/eid/article/9/5/02-0237-t2
Endothelial cell cytotoxicity of cotton bracts tannin and aqueous cotton bracts extract: tannin is the predominant cytotoxin...Endothelial cell cytotoxicity of cotton bracts tannin and aqueous cotton bracts extract: tannin is the predominant cytotoxin...
Endothelial cell cytotoxicity of cotton bracts tannin and aqueous cotton bracts extract: tannin is the predominant cytotoxin ... Endothelial cell cytotoxicity of cotton bracts tannin and aqueous cotton bracts extract: tannin is the predominant cytotoxin ... tannin is the predominant cytotoxin present in aqueous cotton bracts extract. Personal Author(s) : Johnson, C M;Hanson, M N; ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/30773
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologyType 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
33] and cytotoxins.. Combinations of factors may be involved. Lempainen et al found that signs of an enterovirus infection by ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/117739-42305/what-are-the-morbidities-of-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-dm
IMSEAR at SEARO: Interaction of central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana Eichwald) venom cytotoxins with phospholipase D.
Cytotoxins in the absence of Ca2+ activated the enzyme, whereas in its presence they inhibited it. Inhibition is shown to be ... Effect of cytotoxins from the venom of Naja naja oxiana Eichwald on the hydrolytic function of phospholipase D has been further ... Khole V. Interaction of central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana Eichwald) venom cytotoxins with phospholipase D. Indian Journal ... Interaction of central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana Eichwald) venom cytotoxins with phospholipase D. ...
https://imsear.searo.who.int/handle/123456789/28625
Pertussis: Disease Specifics for Clinicians | CDCPertussis: Disease Specifics for Clinicians | CDC
Tracheal cytotoxin. Gram stain of Bordetella pertussis. These products are responsible for the clinical features of pertussis. ...
https://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/disease-specifics.html
Cobra Cytotoxins: Structural Organization and Antibacterial Activity - PDF (Russian) - Dubovskii - Acta NaturaeCobra Cytotoxins: Structural Organization and Antibacterial Activity - PDF (Russian) - Dubovskii - Acta Naturae
Cobra Cytotoxins: Structural Organization and Antibacterial Activity - PDF (Russian). Download this PDF file ... Home , Archives , Vol 6, No 3 (2014) , Cobra Cytotoxins: Structural Organization and Antibacterial Activity , PDF ...
https://actanaturae.ru/2075-8251/article/view/10527/905/en_US
SCOP 1.69: Species: Abrus precatoriusSCOP 1.69: Species: Abrus precatorius
Timeline for Species Abrus precatorius [TaxId:3816] from b.42.2.1 Plant cytotoxin B-chain (lectin): *Species Abrus precatorius ... Protein Plant cytotoxin B-chain (lectin) [50372] (5 species). duplication: consists of two domains of this fold. ... Species Abrus precatorius [TaxId:3816] from b.42.2.1 Plant cytotoxin B-chain (lectin) appears in SCOP 1.67. *Species Abrus ... More info for Species Abrus precatorius [TaxId:3816] from b.42.2.1 Plant cytotoxin B-chain (lectin). ...
http://scop.berkeley.edu/sunid=50374&ver=1.69
Statement on sarcoidosis. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and...Statement on sarcoidosis. Joint Statement of the American Thoracic Society (ATS), the European Respiratory Society (ERS) and...
Cytotoxins / adverse effects * Cytotoxins / therapeutic use * Diagnosis, Differential * Evidence-Based Medicine * Granuloma / ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10430755/?dopt=Abstract
Hot Great ^Cytotoxin - Nuklearth Album [Full Download 2020 - Baltimore Association of Nepalese in AmericaHot Great ^Cytotoxin - Nuklearth Album [Full Download 2020 - Baltimore Association of Nepalese in America
Topic Tag: Hot Great ^Cytotoxin - Nuklearth Album [Full Download 2020. Search for:. ... Home › Forums › Topic Tag: Hot Great ^Cytotoxin - Nuklearth Album [Full Download 2020 ...
https://www.banaonline.org/forums/topic-tag/hot-great-cytotoxin-nuklearth-album-full-download-2020/
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
In-vitro-studies; In-vivo-studies; Cytotoxins; Cytotoxic-effects; Cytotoxicity; Laboratory-animals; Animals; Animal-studies; ...
http://www2a.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=asthma+OR+%27allerg%2A%27+OR+%27immune%2A%27&f1=%2A&Startyear=&Adv=0&terms=1&EndYear=&Limit=10000&sort=&D1=10&PageNo=247&RecNo=2470&View=f&
Stephanie Melissa Smith | Stanford MedicineStephanie Melissa Smith | Stanford Medicine
Hypoxic cell cytotoxins. Esophageal cancers.. General adult and pediatric radiation therapy. 181 Total Publications ...
https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/stephanie-smith
FolditFoldit
1320: Revisiting Puzzle 82: Cytotoxin. Closed since almost 6 years ago Intermediate Overall Prediction Summary. Created. ...
https://fold.it/puzzles/2003240
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Categories: Cytotoxins Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, CopyrightRestricted 2 images ...
https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Cytotoxins&parentid=25968&catid=7638
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Asbestos-fibers; Asbestos-dust; Cytotoxins; Chronic-degenerative-diseases; Chronic-inflammation; Fibrous-dusts; Dust-particles ...
http://www2.cdc.gov/nioshtic-2/BuildQyr.asp?s1=asbestos%2A&f1=TI&Startyear=&t1=1&s2=asbestos%2A&B1=Search&terms=3&Adv=1&f2=KW&Limit=500&Sort=DP%2BDESC&D1=75&EndYear=&PageNo=6&RecNo=396&View=f&
TCDB » SuperfamiliesTCDB » Superfamilies
1.C.74 - The Snake Cytotoxin (SCT) Family. 1.C.78 - The Crystal Protein (Cry) Family. 8.A.31 - The Ly-6 Neurotoxin-like ... 1.C.13 - The Channel-forming Leukocidin Cytotoxin (Ctx) Family. 1.C.14 - The Cytohemolysin (CHL) Family. 1.C.43 - The Earthworm ... Pore-forming Cytotoxin (PfCTx) Superfamily. The PfCTx superfamily consists of proteins, most of them large (between about 500 ... 1.C.57 - The Clostridial Cytotoxin (CCT) Family. 1.C.105 - The Bacillus thuringiensis Vegetative Insecticidal Protein-3 (Vip3) ...
https://tcdb.org/superfamily.php
Table of Contents 2009 | Journal of Toxicology | HindawiTable of Contents 2009 | Journal of Toxicology | Hindawi
Deoxycholate, an Endogenous Cytotoxin/Genotoxin, Induces the Autophagic Stress-Survival Pathway: Implications for Colon ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jt/contents/year/2009/
Tagraxofusp-erzs Injection: MedlinePlus Drug InformationTagraxofusp-erzs Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Tagraxofusp-erzs is in a class of medications called CD123 cytotoxin. It works by killing cancer cells. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a619022.html
Interaction of cytotoxinsToxinToxigenic cultureEscherichiaClostridiumCytotoxicVenomProteinEnzymeDestructionProductionCultureFoundCellSeriesCellsDetailsHelicobacterVacAHypoxia selective cytotoxinPotentCagAStrainsTracheal cytotoxinSelective cytotoxinsTumorsNeurotoxinsAntigenVeroSubtilaseProteinAdhesinsTissueToxinsLinkerTcdAEntericCytokinesClinicalTumorDrugsMeSHTreatmentPowerfulAgentsMajorProduce
Interaction of cytotoxins1
  • Inhibition is shown to be related to the interaction of cytotoxins with the enzyme which blocks the absorption of the enzyme at the surface of the substrate phase. (who.int)
Toxin4
  • After exposure to cytotoxin or toxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the ultrastructure of resting and phagocytosing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and of cells of P. aeruginosa strain 1348A was studied by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electronmicroscopy, and by light microscopy (LM) after histochemical staining of cytoplasmic granules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • We report the results of simultaneous testing of 700 fresh stool specimens by the tissue culture cytotoxin assay and four EIAs (Bartels Prima System C. difficile Toxin A EIA, Cambridge Biotech Cytoclone A + B EIA, Meridian Diagnostics Premier C. difficile Toxin A EIA, and TechLab C. difficile Tox-A Test EIA). (elsevier.com)
  • This details how the bacterial toxin tracheal cytotoxin found in the Hawaiian Bobtail Squid governs organ development, yet in humans causes gonorrhea and whooping cough. (tonmo.com)
  • Cytotoxins, such as heat-stable toxin, shiga-like toxin, verocytotoxin and CNF-1 are lethal to intestinal epithelium and may cause haemorrhagic diarrhoea. (vin.com)
Toxigenic culture1
  • In addition, conventional reference methods for C difficile detection (eg, toxigenic culture and cytotoxin neutralization [CTN] assays) are not routinely practiced in diagnostic laboratory settings.OBJECTIVE: To review the four-step algorithm used at Diagnostic Services of Manitoba sites for the laboratory diagnosis of toxigenic C difficile.RESULT: One year of retrospective C difficile data using the proposed algorithm was reported. (umanitoba.ca)
Escherichia1
  • Vero cytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli]. (bvsalud.org)
Clostridium1
  • Screening for Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci Using Stools Sent for Clostridium difficile Cytotoxin. (annals.edu.sg)
Cytotoxic1
  • Cytotoxins and cytotoxic APIs for various areas of research. (glentham.com)
Venom3
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Interaction of central Asian cobra (Naja naja oxiana Eichwald) venom cytotoxins with phospholipase D. (who.int)
  • Effect of cytotoxins from the venom of Naja naja oxiana Eichwald on the hydrolytic function of phospholipase D has been further analysed. (who.int)
  • Neurotoxins, Haemotoxins, Cardiotoxins, and Cytotoxins are the main types of venom substances that are produced in venomous snakes, and both those types are known to be deadly for humans and many other animals. (differencebetween.com)
Protein2
  • This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a cytotoxin and helminthotoxin, and in immune hypersensitivity reactions. (nih.gov)
  • The proprietary SMARTag site-specific protein modification and cytotoxin-linker technologies developed by Redwood enable the generation of homogenous bioconjugates engineered to enhance potency, safety and stability. (catalent.com)
Enzyme1
  • Cytotoxins in the absence of Ca2+ activated the enzyme, whereas in its presence they inhibited it. (who.int)
Destruction1
  • 3) Cytotoxins penetrate local tissues quickly, causing swelling and cell destruction. (hubpages.com)
Production2
  • Culture conditions affect cytotoxin production by Serratia marcescens. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cytotoxin production has been reported in Campylobacter strains from patients with bloody diarrhea. (medscape.com)
Culture1
  • Although the EIAs were less sensitive than the cytotoxin assay, they provide same-day results and may be useful in laboratories without tissue culture facilities. (elsevier.com)
Found1
Cell1
  • Endothelial cell cytotoxicity of cotton bracts tannin and aqueous cotton bracts extract: tannin is the predominant cytotoxin present in aqueous cotton bracts extract. (cdc.gov)
Series1
  • We have previously described a series of synthetic N-alkylated isatin cytotoxins that destabilize microtubules and induce apoptosis with 10-fold greater potency than conventional anti-mitotics in vitro. (edu.au)
Cells1
  • Those are a special form of leucocytes of our blood, whose task is to detect virus , infected blood or body cells and thus, eliminate them through cytotoxins. (phytogenius.com)
Details1
  • Details for: Tumour necrosis factor and related cytotoxins. (who.int)
Helicobacter6
  • BACKGROUND: Cytotoxin-associated gene antigen (CagA)-positive strains of Helicobacter pylori have previously been associated with acute coronary syndromes. (unicatt.it)
  • Nakayama, M 2004, ' Essential Domain of Receptor Tyrosine Phosphatase β (RPTPβ) for Interaction with Helicobacter pylori Vacuolating Cytotoxin ', The Journal of Biological Chemistry , vol. 279, no. 49, pp. 51013-51021. (elsevier.com)
  • 13. Relationship of vacA genotypes of Helicobacter pylori to cagA status, cytotoxin production, and clinical outcome. (nih.gov)
  • 14. Genetic analysis and clinical evaluation of vacuolating cytotoxin gene A and cytotoxin-associated gene A in Taiwanese Helicobacter pylori isolates from peptic ulcer patients. (nih.gov)
  • 18. Mosaicism in vacuolating cytotoxin alleles of Helicobacter pylori. (nih.gov)
  • Vacuolating cytotoxin and variants in Atg16L1 that disrupt autophagy promote Helicobacter pylori infection in humans. (cdc.gov)
VacA3
  • Vacuolating cytotoxin A (VacA) embeds into the host cell membrane and has the characteristics of an anion-selection channel. (news-medical.net)
  • Association of specific vacA types with cytotoxin production and peptic ulceration. (nih.gov)
  • The virulence factors responsible for establishing the pathogenesis of H. pylori encompass urease, flagella, adhesins, cytotoxin-associated gene A ( cagA ), and vacuolating cytotoxin A ( vacA ) [ 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Hypoxia selective cytotoxin1
  • Banoxantrone (AQ4N) is a prototype hypoxia selective cytotoxin that is activated by haem containing reductases such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). (bibr-1048.info)
Potent8
  • Using an in vitro cytotoxicity assay based on the release of 51Cr from cultured porcine thoracic aortic and pulmonary arterial endothelial cells, we have demonstrated that cotton bracts tannin is a potent endothelial cell cytotoxin. (nih.gov)
  • One response of the innate immune system is to activate macrophages, which produce the potent cytotoxin nitric oxide (NO). However, some pathogens have evolved the ability to detoxify NO to less toxic compounds, such as the neuropharmacological agent and greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O), which enables them to overcome the host's attack. (uea.ac.uk)
  • Only later was it found that the wild-type IL-13-based cytotoxin has a very potent and specific killing effect on GBM cells and tumors. (medscape.com)
  • C difficile produces two toxins capable of causing colitis: enterotoxin (toxin A) and cytotoxin (toxin B). Toxin A is more potent. (medscape.com)
  • these toxins are closely related to the potent cytotoxins produced by Shigella dysenteriae type 1. (msdmanuals.com)
  • The company's novel Azymetric™, AlbuCORE™, and EFECT™ platforms, its Zymelink™ conjugation platform and cytotoxins, and its proprietary ZymeCAD™ structure-guided protein engineering technology, enable the development of highly potent bi-specific antibodies, multivalent protein therapeutics, and antibody drug conjugates across a range of indications. (lumiraventures.com)
  • Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), produced through the chemical linkage of a potent small molecule cytotoxin (drug) to a monoclonal antibody, have more complex and heterogeneous structures than the corresponding antibodies. (tg-101348.info)
  • ADCs are constructed from three components: a mAb that is specific to a tumor antigen, a highly AZD8330 potent cytotoxic agent and a linker species that enables covalent attachment of the cytotoxin to the mAb through either the protein or the glycan. (tg-101348.info)
CagA1
  • Cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein localizes to the inner surface of the plasma membrane. (news-medical.net)
Strains3
  • Human illness caused by Vero cytotoxin-producing strains of Escherichia coli O157 (VTEC O157) can occur after direct contact with farm animals. (cdc.gov)
  • Cytotoxin production has been reported in Campylobacter strains from patients with bloody diarrhea. (medscape.com)
  • Most CA-MRSA strains possess genes for production of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin cytotoxin, which increase the microbe's virulence. (emdocs.net)
Tracheal cytotoxin1
  • Ciliated epithelium in the respiratory tract is thus damaged by tracheal cytotoxin. (medscape.com)
Selective cytotoxins1
  • In the clinical development of hypoxia selective cytotoxins it is likely they shall be used in combination with radiotherapy. (bibr-1048.info)
Tumors3
  • Only 20% of patients retained the cytotoxin within the tumors by imaging, which correlates with the overall number of GBM patients overexpressing EGF receptor. (medscape.com)
  • We have developed an IL-4R-targeted cytotoxin in an attempt to take advantage of overexpression of IL-4R in brain tumors. (aacrjournals.org)
  • To determine the contribution of hypoxia to PARPi resistance in tumors, we used the hypoxic cytotoxin tirapazamine to selectively kill hypoxic tumor cells. (jci.org)
Neurotoxins1
  • The telson is tipped with a venom gland containing neurotoxins and powerful cytotoxins, but only small mammals are killed by the venom. (bugoffpest.net)
Antigen2
  • The T cell receptor binds the foreign antigen triggering the release of cytotoxins into the infected cell leading to cell death. (abcam.com)
  • Jagath Reddy Junutula (Cellerant Therapeutics) and Hans-Peter Gerber (Pfizer) (1) An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) for cancer treatment needs four things to succeed clinically: It needs to target the right antigen using the right antibody, with the most powerful cytotoxin attached by best linker option. (bioprocessintl.com)
Vero1
  • E. coli O157 Vero cytotoxin type 2, phage type 2 was isolated from 23 human cases and environmental animal fecal samples. (cdc.gov)
Subtilase1
  • Subtilase cytotoxin (SubAB) is the prototype of a recently emerged family of Abdominal5 cytotoxins produced by Shiga-toxigenic (STEC). (acmbcb.org)
Protein2
  • [ 2 ] It is difficult to produce resistance against the cytotoxins because they work through irreversible de novo protein synthesis. (medscape.com)
  • This protein may be involved in antiparasitic defense mechanisms as a cytotoxin and helminthotoxin, and in immune hypersensitivity reactions. (nih.gov)
Adhesins1
  • These studies may require development of genetic systems to identify the role of specific bacterial genes such as adhesins, enzymes, cytotoxins, and other bacterial components in pathogenesis and virulence. (nih.gov)
Tissue2
  • and cytotoxins, which destroy tissue. (nih.gov)
  • Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a cytotoxin produced by S. aureus that causes leukocyte destruction and tissue necrosis. (biomedcentral.com)
Toxins4
  • [ 2 , 61-63 ] Recombinant cytotoxins are composed of a targeting ligand/vector and an effector in the form of derivatives of various bacterial toxins. (medscape.com)
  • The researchers demonstrated that these increases in PLA 2 toxins result in enhanced pain-causing ability of the venoms, by working synergistically with pre-existing "cytotoxins" found across all cobras, whether they spit their venom or not. (ntu.ac.uk)
  • Second, cytotoxins existed in cobra venom before spitting ability evolved and these toxins likely caused initial low level pain, which was an important precursor to the advanced, highly painful, venom spitting trait seen today. (ntu.ac.uk)
  • 2007). C. difficile produces two main toxins, namely, enterotoxin A (TcdA) and cytotoxin B (TcdB) (Pituch, 2009). (slidelegend.com)
Linker2
  • Zymeworks' second clinical candidate, ZW49, is a novel bispecific HER2‑targeted antibody-drug conjugate currently in Phase 1 clinical development and combines the unique design and antibody framework of zanidatamab with Zymeworks' proprietary ZymeLink™ linker and cytotoxin. (businesswire.com)
  • For any given ADC, the chemical properties of the cytotoxin and linker, combined with selection of linkage site (the ADC architecture), will dramatically affect the physicochemical attributes, and the selection of analytical methods to assess these attributes will depend on this architecture. (tg-101348.info)
TcdA1
  • C. difficile secretes enterotoxin A (TcdA) and cytotoxin B (TcdB) that are responsible for disease pathology. (physiciansweekly.com)
Enteric1
  • Formation of cytotoxins by enteric Campylobacter in humans and animals. (nih.gov)
Cytokines1
  • [ 71 ] The cytotoxin was made for comparison with a previously produced IL-4-based cytotoxin, since IL-13 and IL-4 are homologous cytokines. (medscape.com)
Clinical5
  • Clinical trials with the cytotoxins provide invaluable information on the applicability of this new technology. (medscape.com)
  • Cytotoxins exhibit attractive pharmacological features for clinical GBM therapy. (medscape.com)
  • The first cytotoxin that entered clinical trials was DT.CRM107-Tf, a conjugate between Tf and a DT derivative. (medscape.com)
  • The CB cytotoxin went from several multicenter Phase I and II trials to a Phase III clinical trial in a relatively short period of time. (medscape.com)
  • On the basis of preclinical studies, we initiated a Phase I clinical trial using IL-4 cytotoxin for the therapy of recurrent malignant glioma. (aacrjournals.org)
Tumor2
  • The cytotoxin was delivered directly into the tumor bed by CED. (medscape.com)
  • The targeted delivery of cytotoxins to tumor cells allows for the maximum efficacy and minimal toxicity. (analytica-virtual.com)
Drugs1
  • Targeted cytotoxins are an example of experimental drugs traveling the translational path from bench to the clinic quite quickly. (medscape.com)
MeSH1
  • Cytotoxins" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)
Treatment1
  • The drug, a CD22-directed cytotoxin or immunotoxin, was the first-in-class type of treatment for patients with HCL. (medscape.com)
Powerful1
  • It contains several polyphenolic antioxidants prominent among these being the actogenins that are powerful cytotoxins. (hubpages.com)
Agents1
  • He has also led investigations of molecular-targeting agents, anti-angiogenic reagents, cytotoxins and other biologically-based therapies. (wjbf.com)
Major2
  • This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cytotoxins" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cytotoxins" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
  • Comparison of the cytotoxicity dose curves for aqueous bracts extracts with those for tannin demonstrated that tannin was the major cytotoxin present in bracts. (nih.gov)
Produce1
  • El género Candida produce varios factores de virulencia, las infecciones son probablemente iniciadas por los cambios en las defensas del huésped. (sld.cu)
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
Pertussis: Disease Specifics for Clinicians | CDC
Pertussis: Disease Specifics for Clinicians | CDC (cdc.gov)
Food Poisoning Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Procedures
Food Poisoning Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Procedures (medscape.com)
Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Helicobacter Pylori Infection: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests
Helicobacter Pylori Infection Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests (medscape.com)
Foldit
Foldit (fold.it)
Genetic and Transmission Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Strains within a Family - Volume 10, Number 10-October 2004 - Emerging...
Genetic and Transmission Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Strains within a Family - Volume 10, Number 10-October 2004 - Emerging... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2007
Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2007 (cdc.gov)
Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2011
Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2011 (cdc.gov)
Compendium of Measures To Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2005
Compendium of Measures To Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2005 (cdc.gov)
Volume 3, Number 2-June 1997 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Volume 3, Number 2-June 1997 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Subtyping of Vibrio vulnificus Illnesses, Israel - Volume 14, Number 12-December 2008 -...
Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Subtyping of Vibrio vulnificus Illnesses, Israel - Volume 14, Number 12-December 2008 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Figure 1 - Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Subtyping of Vibrio vulnificus Illnesses, Israel - Volume 14, Number 12...
Figure 1 - Clinical Characteristics and Molecular Subtyping of Vibrio vulnificus Illnesses, Israel - Volume 14, Number 12... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2009
Compendium of Measures to Prevent Disease Associated with Animals in Public Settings, 2009 (cdc.gov)
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention, Complications
Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome Follow-up: Further Outpatient Care, Deterrence/Prevention, Complications (emedicine.medscape.com)
Tagraxofusp-erzs Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Tagraxofusp-erzs Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information (medlineplus.gov)
Cytotoxin - Nuklearth - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives
Cytotoxin - Nuklearth - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives (metal-archives.com)
Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3-March 2009 -...
Shiga Toxin-producing Escherichia coli Strains Negative for Locus of Enterocyte Effacement - Volume 15, Number 3-March 2009 -... (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
Volume 5, Number 4-August 1999 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Volume 5, Number 4-August 1999 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC (wwwnc.cdc.gov)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
Grimo - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives
Grimo - Encyclopaedia Metallum: The Metal Archives (metal-archives.com)
Vibrio Infections Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Vibrio Infections Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes (medscape.com)