AnatomyOrganismsChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsInformation Science
Cytoplasmic GranulesMicroscopy, ElectronGranzymesHistocytochemistryNeutrophilsAnnexin A3Mast CellsStaining and LabelingPerforinPore Forming Cytotoxic ProteinsBasophilsSerine EndopeptidasesBlood ProteinsMicroscopy, ImmunoelectronEosinophilsFluorescent Antibody TechniqueCytoplasmKiller Cells, NaturalChromaffin GranulesPhagocytosisCytotoxicity, ImmunologicRNA-Binding ProteinsLeukocytesImmunohistochemistryCells, CulturedMolecular Sequence DataSecretory VesiclesImmunoenzyme TechniquesAmino Acid SequenceRNA, MessengerRabbitsT-Lymphocytes, CytotoxicMembrane GlycoproteinsCell NucleusCell LineCell DifferentiationMembrane ProteinsCell MembraneCattleCerebellumProteinsExocytosisAntibodies, MonoclonalBase SequenceDentate Gyrus
Cytoplasmic Granules
Condensed areas of cellular material that may be bounded by a membrane.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Granzymes
A family of serine endopeptidases found in the SECRETORY GRANULES of LEUKOCYTES such as CYTOTOXIC T-LYMPHOCYTES and NATURAL KILLER CELLS. When secreted into the intercellular space granzymes act to eliminate transformed and virus-infected host cells.
Histocytochemistry
Study of intracellular distribution of chemicals, reaction sites, enzymes, etc., by means of staining reactions, radioactive isotope uptake, selective metal distribution in electron microscopy, or other methods.
Neutrophils
Granular leukocytes having a nucleus with three to five lobes connected by slender threads of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing fine inconspicuous granules and stainable by neutral dyes.
Annexin A3
A protein of the annexin family that catalyzes the conversion of 1-D-inositol 1,2-cyclic phosphate and water to 1-D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate.
Mast Cells
Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.
Staining and Labeling
The marking of biological material with a dye or other reagent for the purpose of identifying and quantitating components of tissues, cells or their extracts.
Perforin
A calcium-dependent pore-forming protein synthesized in cytolytic LYMPHOCYTES and sequestered in secretory granules. Upon immunological reaction between a cytolytic lymphocyte and a target cell, perforin is released at the plasma membrane and polymerizes into transmembrane tubules (forming pores) which lead to death of a target cell.
Pore Forming Cytotoxic Proteins
Proteins secreted from an organism which form membrane-spanning pores in target cells to destroy them. This is in contrast to PORINS and MEMBRANE TRANSPORT PROTEINS that function within the synthesizing organism and COMPLEMENT immune proteins. These pore forming cytotoxic proteins are a form of primitive cellular defense which are also found in human LYMPHOCYTES.
Basophils
Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes.
Serine Endopeptidases
Any member of the group of ENDOPEPTIDASES containing at the active site a serine residue involved in catalysis.
Blood Proteins
Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.
Microscopy, Immunoelectron
Microscopy in which the samples are first stained immunocytochemically and then examined using an electron microscope. Immunoelectron microscopy is used extensively in diagnostic virology as part of very sensitive immunoassays.
Eosinophils
Granular leukocytes with a nucleus that usually has two lobes connected by a slender thread of chromatin, and cytoplasm containing coarse, round granules that are uniform in size and stainable by eosin.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Cytoplasm
The part of a cell that contains the CYTOSOL and small structures excluding the CELL NUCLEUS; MITOCHONDRIA; and large VACUOLES. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990)
Killer Cells, Natural
Bone marrow-derived lymphocytes that possess cytotoxic properties, classically directed against transformed and virus-infected cells. Unlike T CELLS; and B CELLS; NK CELLS are not antigen specific. The cytotoxicity of natural killer cells is determined by the collective signaling of an array of inhibitory and stimulatory CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS. A subset of T-LYMPHOCYTES referred to as NATURAL KILLER T CELLS shares some of the properties of this cell type.
Chromaffin Granules
Organelles in CHROMAFFIN CELLS located in the adrenal glands and various other organs. These granules are the site of the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.
Phagocytosis
The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).
Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
The phenomenon of target cell destruction by immunologically active effector cells. It may be brought about directly by sensitized T-lymphocytes or by lymphoid or myeloid "killer" cells, or it may be mediated by cytotoxic antibody, cytotoxic factor released by lymphoid cells, or complement.
RNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.
Leukocytes
White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Secretory Vesicles
Vesicles derived from the GOLGI APPARATUS containing material to be released at the cell surface.
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Rabbits
The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.
T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic
Immunized T-lymphocytes which can directly destroy appropriate target cells. These cytotoxic lymphocytes may be generated in vitro in mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC), in vivo during a graft-versus-host (GVH) reaction, or after immunization with an allograft, tumor cell or virally transformed or chemically modified target cell. The lytic phenomenon is sometimes referred to as cell-mediated lympholysis (CML). These CD8-positive cells are distinct from NATURAL KILLER CELLS and NATURAL KILLER T-CELLS. There are two effector phenotypes: TC1 and TC2.
Membrane Glycoproteins
Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.
Cell Nucleus
Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Cell Differentiation
Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Cell Membrane
The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Proteins
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Exocytosis
Cellular release of material within membrane-limited vesicles by fusion of the vesicles with the CELL MEMBRANE.
Antibodies, Monoclonal
Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Dentate Gyrus
GRAY MATTER situated above the GYRUS HIPPOCAMPI. It is composed of three layers. The molecular layer is continuous with the HIPPOCAMPUS in the hippocampal fissure. The granular layer consists of closely arranged spherical or oval neurons, called GRANULE CELLS, whose AXONS pass through the polymorphic layer ending on the DENDRITES of PYRAMIDAL CELLS in the hippocampus.

Cell-mediated immunity: dealing a direct blow to pathogens. (1/3814)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are essential for defence against viral infections. Recent data demonstrating direct killing of intracellular bacteria by granulysin, a protein released from the granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, emphasize the contribution of these lymphocytes to the control of tuberculosis.  (+info)

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B mediates membrane binding and directs sorting from the trans-Golgi network to secretory granules. (2/3814)

The disulfide-bonded loop of chromogranin B (CgB), a regulated secretory protein with widespread distribution in neuroendocrine cells, is known to be essential for the sorting of CgB from the trans-Golgi network (TGN) to immature secretory granules. Here we show that this loop, when fused to the constitutively secreted protein alpha1-antitrypsin (AT), is sufficient to direct the fusion protein to secretory granules. Importantly, the sorting efficiency of the AT reporter protein bearing two loops (E2/3-AT-E2/3) is much higher compared with that of AT with a single disulfide-bonded loop. In contrast to endogenous CgB, E2/3-AT-E2/3 does not undergo Ca2+/pH-dependent aggregation in the TGN. Furthermore, the disulfide-bonded loop of CgB mediates membrane binding in the TGN and does so with 5-fold higher efficiency if two loops are present on the reporter protein. The latter finding supports the concept that under physiological conditions, aggregates of CgB are the sorted units of cargo which have multiple loops on their surface leading to high membrane binding and sorting efficiency of CgB in the TGN.  (+info)

The exocyst is an effector for Sec4p, targeting secretory vesicles to sites of exocytosis. (3/3814)

Polarized secretion requires proper targeting of secretory vesicles to specific sites on the plasma membrane. Here we report that the exocyst complex plays a key role in vesicle targeting. Sec15p, an exocyst component, can associate with secretory vesicles and interact specifically with the rab GTPase, Sec4p, in its GTP-bound form. A chain of protein-protein interactions leads from Sec4p and Sec15p on the vesicle, through various subunits of the exocyst, to Sec3p, which marks the sites of exocytosis on the plasma membrane. Sec4p may control the assembly of the exocyst. The exocyst may therefore function as a rab effector system for targeted secretion.  (+info)

Activation of human D3 dopamine receptor inhibits P/Q-type calcium channels and secretory activity in AtT-20 cells. (4/3814)

The D3 dopamine receptor is postulated to play an important role in the regulation of neurotransmitter secretion at both pre- and postsynaptic terminals. However, this hypothesis and the underlying mechanisms remain untested because of the lack of D3-selective ligands, paucity of appropriate model secretory systems, and the weak and inconsistent coupling of D3 receptors to classical signal transduction pathways. The absence of ligands that selectively discriminate between D3 and D2 receptors in vivo precludes the study of D3 receptor function in the brain and necessitates the use of heterologous expression systems. In this report we demonstrate that activation of the human D3 dopamine receptor expressed in the AtT-20 neuroendocrine cell line causes robust inhibition of P/Q-type calcium channels via pertussis toxin-sensitive G-proteins. In addition, using the vesicle trafficking dye FM1-43, we show that D3 receptor activation significantly inhibits spontaneous secretory activity in these cells. Our results not only support the hypothesis that the D3 receptor can regulate secretory activity but also provide insight into the underlying signaling mechanisms. We propose a functional model in which the D3 receptor tightly regulates neurotransmitter release at a synapse by only allowing the propagation of spikes above a certain frequency or burst-duration threshold.  (+info)

Langerhans cells in the human oesophagus. (5/3814)

The dendrite cells of Langerhans, first identified in the epidermis, have now been observed in the middle and superficial layers of the normal human oesophageal mucosa. They exhibit typical Langerhans granules, but no desmosomes and tonofilaments. They often have irregular indented nuclei, with a relatively pale cytoplasm contrasting with that of the adjacent squamous cells. These cells are sometimes difficult to distinguish from intra-epithelial lymphocytes, which are also encountered in the oesophageal mucosa and which share certain ultrastructural characteristics with Langerhans cells.  (+info)

Biochemical and cytochemical studies on adenylate cyclase activity in the developing rat submandibular gland: differentiation of of the acinar secretory compartment. (6/3814)

To investigate membrane changes in development of the exocrine cells of the rat submandibular gland (SMG), biochemical and cytochemical studies of adenylate cyclase activity were performed on prenatal and postnatal glands. SMG rudiments and glands were studied from 15 days of gestation op to birth and 1, 2, 3, 4 and 24 weeks after birth. Glands were chemically assayed for adenylate cyclase activity using the procedures of Salomon and coworkers and cytochemically studied using a procedure which was verified biochemically. At 15-16 days of gestation basal adenylate cyclase activity was low and no staining could be observed. Adenylate cyclase activity rose six-fold from the 16th to the 18th day of gestation. Adenylate cyclase staining became evident along the surface of most of the cells of the rudiment at this time. Basal adenylate cyclase activity remained relatively constant from the 18th day of gestation up to 24 weeks of age. However, sequential changes were seen in the cytochemical localization, especially in relation to the apical plasma membrane of the developing secretory cells.  (+info)

Incompetence of preovulatory mouse oocytes to undergo cortical granule exocytosis following induced calcium oscillations. (7/3814)

Immature oocytes of many species are incompetent to undergo cortical granule (CG) exocytosis upon fertilization. In mouse eggs, CG exocytosis is dependent primarily on an inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-mediated elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). While deficiencies upstream of [Ca2+]i release are known, this study examined whether downstream deficiencies also contribute to the incompetence of preovulatory mouse oocytes to release CGs. The experimental strategy was to bypass upstream deficiencies by inducing normal, fertilization-like [Ca2+]i oscillations in fully grown, germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes and determine if the extent of CG exocytosis was restored to levels observed in mature, metaphase II (MII)-stage eggs. Because IP3 does not stimulate a normal Ca2+ response in GV-stage oocytes, three alternate methods were used to induce oscillations: thimerosal treatment, electroporation, and sperm factor injection. Long-lasting oscillations from thimerosal treatment resulted in 64 and 10% mean CG release at the MII and GV stages, respectively (P < 0.001). Three electrical pulses induced mean [Ca2+]i elevations of approximately 730 and 650 nM in MII- and GV-stage oocytes, respectively, and 31% CG release in MII-stage eggs and 9% in GV-stage oocytes (P < 0.001). Sperm factor microinjection resulted in 86% CG release in MII-stage eggs, while similarly treated GV-stage oocytes exhibited < 1% CG release (P < 0.001). Taken together, these results demonstrate a deficiency downstream of [Ca2+]i release which is developmentally regulated in the 12 h prior to ovulation.  (+info)

Coupling of coat assembly and vesicle budding to packaging of putative cargo receptors. (8/3814)

COPI-coated vesicle budding from lipid bilayers whose composition resembles mammalian Golgi membranes requires coatomer, ARF, GTP, and cytoplasmic tails of putative cargo receptors (p24 family proteins) or membrane cargo proteins (containing the KKXX retrieval signal) emanating from the bilayer surface. Liposome-derived COPI-coated vesicles are similar to their native counterparts with respect to diameter, buoyant density, morphology, and the requirement for an elevated temperature for budding. These results suggest that a bivalent interaction of coatomer with membrane-bound ARF[GTP] and with the cytoplasmic tails of cargo or putative cargo receptors is the molecular basis of COPI coat assembly and provide a simple mechanism to couple uptake of cargo to transport vesicle formation.  (+info)

Neutrophil-Specific Granule Deficiency disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical TrialsNeutrophil-Specific Granule Deficiency disease: Malacards - Research Articles, Drugs, Genes, Clinical Trials
Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency (SGD) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent pyogenic infections, defective neutrophil chemotaxis and bactericidal activity, and lack of neutrophil secondary granule proteins. It has been linked to a defect in the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (CEBP) epsilon. Recently, loss-of-function mutations in SMARCD2 were identified from SGD patients. SMARCD2 is chromatin-remodeling factor, that interacts with CEBP epsilon ...
https://www.malacards.org/card/neutrophil_specific_granule_deficiency?search=HLX
Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS ProgramNeutrophil-specific granule deficiency | Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center (GARD) - an NCATS Program
A collection of disease information resources and questions answered by our Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Specialists for Neutrophil-specific granule deficiency
https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/10778/neutrophil-specific-granule-deficiency
Molecular and morphological characterization of piecemeal degranulation in human neutrophil azurophilic granules | Allergy,...Molecular and morphological characterization of piecemeal degranulation in human neutrophil azurophilic granules | Allergy,...
Mediators pre-stored in neutrophil azurophilic granules are central to the acute inflammatory response and tissue degradation and damage through their proteolytic activity. Different granule populations mobilize and release their content via distinct and hierarchical molecular mechanisms. The molecular mechanisms by which mediators pre-stored in azurophilic granules are mobilized and released to the extracellular space remain largely unknown. We used a number of complementary techniques including; confocal laser scanning microscopy, subcellular fractionation, flow cytometric analyses, Western blot analyses and electron microscopy to examine the ultrastructural and molecular nature of mediator release in neutrophil azurophilic granules. We found that following IL-8 activation, neutrophil azurophilic granules undergo piecemeal degranulation (selective mediator release) leading to altered granule content. Piecemeal degranulation of azurophilic granules is characterized by budding of small secretory ...
https://aacijournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1710-1492-6-S2-P20
Molecular Neurodegeneration | Full text | Endogenous TDP-43, but not FUS, contributes to stress granule assembly via G3BP
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective loss of upper and lower motor neurons, a cell type that is intrinsically more vulnerable than other cell types to exogenous stress. The interplay between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposures to toxins has long been thought to be relevant to ALS. One cellular mechanism to overcome stress is the formation of small dense cytoplasmic domains called stress granules (SG) which contain translationally arrested mRNAs. TDP-43 (encoded by TARDBP) is an ALS-causative gene that we have previously implicated in the regulation of the core stress granule proteins G3BP and TIA-1. TIA-1 and G3BP localize to SG under nearly all stress conditions and are considered essential to SG formation. Here, we report that TDP-43 is required for proper SG dynamics, especially SG assembly as marked by the secondary aggregation of TIA-1. We also show that SG assembly, but not initiation, requires G3BP. Furthermore,
http://www.molecularneurodegeneration.com/content/7/1/54
Cytolytic activity of purified cytoplasmic granules from cytotoxic rat large granular lymphocyte tumors. | JEMCytolytic activity of purified cytoplasmic granules from cytotoxic rat large granular lymphocyte tumors. | JEM
Purified cytoplasmic granules from cytotoxic rat large granular lymphocytes (LGL) tumors were cytolytic to erythrocytes, splenocytes, and a number of different lymphoid tumor cells. Granule concentrations of approximately 1 microgram/ml granule protein were adequate to lyse 100% of the erythrocytes, while the nucleated cells required up to 100 micrograms/ml granule protein to achieve complete lysis. Cytoplasmic granules purified from noncytotoxic lymphoid cells did not contain detectable cytolytic activity; purified granules from rat mast cells and rat liver lysosomes likewise failed to display cytolytic activity. However, granules prepared from normal rat peripheral blood LGL were cytolytic. Granule-mediated lysis of erythrocytes and nucleated cells was complete within 3 min at room temperature. The lytic activity required calcium at concentrations of 10(-4)-10(-2) M; magnesium or barium failed to replace calcium, while strontium could replace calcium at 10(-3)-10(-2) M when nucleated cells ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/160/1/75
Temperature-Sensitive Random Insulin Granule Diffusion is a Prerequisite for Recruiting Granules for Release.Temperature-Sensitive Random Insulin Granule Diffusion is a Prerequisite for Recruiting Granules for Release.
article{31e5f1bd-a4e6-4a4d-9882-e8e6db59f82f, abstract = {Glucose-evoked insulin secretion exhibits a biphasic time course and is associated with accelerated intracellular granule movement. We combined live confocal imaging of EGFP-labelled insulin granules with capacitance measurements of exocytosis in clonal INS-1 cells to explore the relation between distinct random and directed modes of insulin granule movement, as well as exocytotic capacity. Reducing the temperature from 34 °C to 24 °C caused a dramatic 81% drop in the frequency of directed events, but reduced directed velocities by a mere 25%. The much stronger temperature sensitivity of the frequency of directed events (estimated energy of activation ~ 135 kJ/mol) than that of the granule velocities (~ 22 kJ/mol) suggests that cooling-induced suppression of insulin granule movement is attributable to factors other than reduced motor protein adenosine 5-triphosphatase activity. Indeed, cooling suppresses random granule diffusion by ~ ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/127530
Monitoring of glucose-regulated single insulin secretory granule movement by selective photoactivationMonitoring of glucose-regulated single insulin secretory granule movement by selective photoactivation
Targeting of the granule membrane or its cargo with a photoactivatable/photoconvertible protein allows in-depth visualisation and tracking of single insulin granules in dependence upon glucose. This technique may also open the way to elucidating the regulation of granule movement velocity within the …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18389213/
Trimeric G-proteins of the trans-Golgi network are involved in the formation of constitutive secretory vesicles and immature...
Non-hydrolysable analogues of GTP, such as GTP gamma S and GMP-PNP, have previously been shown to inhibit the formation of constitutive secretory vesicles (CSVs) and immature secretory granules (ISGs) from the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Using a cell-free system, we show here that the formation of these vesicles is also inhibited by [A1F4]-, a compound known to act on trimeric G-proteins. Addition of highly purified G-protein beta gamma subunits stimulated, in a differential manner, the cell-free formation of both CSVs and ISGs. ADP-ribosylation experiments revealed the presence of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein alpha subunit in the TGN. We conclude that trimeric G-proteins regulate the formation of secretory vesicles from the TGN.
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/528848
PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: Zika virus inhibits eIF2α-dependent stress granule assemblyPLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases: Zika virus inhibits eIF2α-dependent stress granule assembly
Author summary Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted to humans primarily through mosquito bites, but there have also been cases of sexual, perinatal, and suspected blood transfusion transmission. It has been associated with fetal malformations and neurological disorders in adults. The rising concern about this pathogen led the World Health Organization to declare it as a public health emergency of international concern regarding neurological disorders. There is an urgent global scientific effort underway to better understand ZIKV biology and define interactions that occur between the virus and the host cell. We evaluated how ZIKV infection counteracts the assembly of dynamic aggregates of RNA and proteins called stress granules (SGs). We observed that ZIKV blocks SG assembly induced by sodium arsenite (Ars), but not by sodium selenite or Pateamine A. We demonstrate that this difference is related to the ability of ZIKV to modulate the dephosphorylation of eIF2α via its phosphatase. Our work demonstrates
https://journals.plos.org/plosntds/article/figure?id=10.1371/journal.pntd.0005775.g003
Granules as Calcium Stores | Science SignalingGranules as Calcium Stores | Science Signaling
Dense core granules of exocrine cells are a potential source of calcium, and results to date have been controversial regarding whether the calcium in these organelles is involved in controlling the cytosolic calcium concentration. Mitchell et al. developed a fusion protein between the dense core transmembrane protein VAMP and the calcium-sensitive bioluminescent protein aequorin in order to visualize calcium in the dense core granules of a pancreatic β cell line. Vesicular free [Ca2+] was approximately 50 μM, significantly lower than endoplasmic reticulum (ER) or Golgi free [Ca2+]. Vesicular [Ca2+] increased when calcium was reintroduced to the cells following calcium depletion. Uptake required adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and was inhibited by high concentrations of orthovanadate, but not by the ER Ca2+ ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin or by agents that altered intravesicular pH or elevations in Na+ concentration, suggesting that the uptake does not occur through a Ca2+/H+ exchanger or through a ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/2001/103/tw370
Most recent papers in the journal Plant Methods | Read by QxMDMost recent papers in the journal Plant Methods | Read by QxMD
Background: The proportion of granule types in wheat starch is an important characteristic that can affect its functionality. It is widely accepted that granule types are either large, disc-shaped A-type granules or small, spherical B-type granules. Additionally, there are some reports of the tiny C-type granules. The differences between these granule types are due to its carbohydrate composition and crystallinity which is highly, but not perfectly, correlated with the granule size. A majority of the studies that have considered granule types analyse them based on a size threshold rather than chemical composition ...
https://www.readbyqxmd.com/journal/41045
Two proteins associated with secretory granule membranes identified in chicken regulated secretory cells | Journal of Cell...Two proteins associated with secretory granule membranes identified in chicken regulated secretory cells | Journal of Cell...
Lately, we have identified two polypeptides of 92-94 kDa (GRL1) and 45-60 kDa (GRL2), expressed in cytoplasmic granules of chicken granulocytes and thrombocytes. Here, we report that GRL1 and GRL2 are widely distributed in all exocrine and several endocrine cell types, but not in neurons of the central nervous system, during late stages of embryonic development, as well as in newly hatched and two-month-old chickens. Immunogold studies in ultrathin frozen sections of pancreatic acinar cells show that GRL1 and GRL2 are co-localized at the periphery of zymogen granules, in granules fused with apical acinar membranes and on apical membranes of acini, while the pregranular compartments of the secretory pathway are weakly or not labeled. Semiquantitative morphometric studies indicate that GRL1 and GRL2 are equally distributed in secretory granules. A variety of physical and metabolic studies reveal that GRL2, a highly N-glycosylated polypeptide, is an intrinsic membrane protein, while GRL1 is a ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/107/5/1297
Mistargeting of secretory cargo in retromer-deficient cells | Disease Models & MechanismsMistargeting of secretory cargo in retromer-deficient cells | Disease Models & Mechanisms
A critical component of the regulated exocytosis machinery is the secretory granule; these specialized organelles contain cargo proteins surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer embedded with secretory granule membrane fusion proteins. Regulated exocytosis begins with the biogenesis of secretory granules at the trans-Golgi network (TGN). Nascent secretory granules initially bud from the TGN as immature granules; these immature granules then undergo a maturation process that renders them competent for exocytosis (Bonnemaison et al., 2013; Kögel and Gerdes, 2010). The specific processes that occur during maturation vary; however, several key steps occur in nearly all professional secretory cells, including homotypic fusion of immature granules to generate larger granules of a defined size (Bonnemaison et al., 2013; Tooze et al., 1991; Urbé et al., 1998; Wendler et al., 2001) and refinement of secretory granule cargo and membrane content (Bonnemaison et al., 2013; Kögel and Gerdes, 2010; Tooze and ...
https://dmm.biologists.org/content/14/1/dmm046417
ModelDB: Cerebellum granule cell FHF (Dover et al. 2016)ModelDB: Cerebellum granule cell FHF (Dover et al. 2016)
Model version description */ // Quick simulation cvode.active(1) cvode.use_daspk(1) // Temperature celsius = 25 // Soma Granule[0].soma.gkbar_GRC_KIR = 0.002 Granule[0].soma.gl_GRC_LKG1 = 0.0000916 Granule[0].soma.gkbar_GRC_KA = 0.04 Granule[0].soma.gkbar_GRC_KM = 0.006 Granule[0].soma.gkbar_GRC_KCA = 0 Granule[0].soma.gnabar_GRC_NA = 0 // Dendrites for i = 0,3 {Granule[0].dend_1[i].gkbar_GRC_KCA(0.5) = 0.0014} for i = 0,3 {Granule[0].dend_2[i].gkbar_GRC_KCA(0.5) = 0.0014} for i = 0,3 {Granule[0].dend_3[i].gkbar_GRC_KCA(0.5) = 0.0014} for i = 0,3 {Granule[0].dend_4[i].gkbar_GRC_KCA(0.5) = 0.0014} // Hillock for i = 0,4 {Granule[0].hillock[i].gl_GRC_LKG1(0.5) = 0} for i = 0,4 {Granule[0].hillock[i].gnabar_GRC_NA(0.5) = 0.13} for i = 0,4 {Granule[0].hillock[i].gkbar_GRC_KV(0.5) = 3} for i = 0,4 {Granule[0].hillock[i].Aepsilon_GRC_NA(0.5) = 0} for i = 0,4 {Granule[0].hillock[i].Aalpha_n_GRC_KV(0.5) = -0.00222} for i = 0,4 {Granule[0].hillock[i].Abeta_n_GRC_KV(0.5) = 0.0285} for i = 0,4 ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/ModelDB/ShowModel?model=206267&file=%2FGrC_FHF_ModelDB%2FWTFHF.DAPF.slowalfabeta.REV5.30.2016.ses
Formation of stress granules inhibits apoptosis by suppressing stress-responsive MAPK pathwaysFormation of stress granules inhibits apoptosis by suppressing stress-responsive MAPK pathways
When confronted with environmental stress, cells either activate defence mechanisms to survive, or initiate apoptosis, depending on the type of stress. Certain types of stress, such as hypoxia, heatshock and arsenite (type 1 stress), induce cells to assemble cytoplasmic stress granules (SGs), a majo …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18836437/
Azurophilic granule - WikipediaAzurophilic granule - Wikipedia
An azurophilic granule is a cellular object readily stainable with a Romanowsky stain. In white blood cells and hyperchromatin, staining imparts a burgundy or merlot coloration. Neutrophils in particular are known for containing azurophils loaded with a wide variety of anti-microbial defensins that fuse with phagocytic vacuoles. Azurophils may contain myeloperoxidase, phospholipase A2, acid hydrolases, elastase, defensins, neutral serine proteases, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, lysozyme, cathepsin G, proteinase 3, and proteoglycans. Azurophil granules are also known as primary granules. Furthermore, the term azurophils may refer to a unique type of cells, identified only in reptiles. These cells are similar in size to so-called heterophils with abundant cytoplasm that is finely to coarsely granular and may sometimes contain vacuoles. Granules may impart a purplish hue to the cytoplasm, particularly to the outer region. Occasionally, azurophils are observed with vacuolated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azurophilic_granule
G3BP1 | PlatCOVIDG3BP1 | PlatCOVID
G3BP stress granule assembly factor 1 Gene Context Sentence Table 2. Analysis of context sentence of G3BP1 gene in 2 abstracts. PMID Gene Context Sentence 33479198 In cells, N forms condensates that recruit the stress granule protein G3BP1, highlighting a potential role for N in G3BP1 sequestration and stress granule inhibition.
https://platcovid.com/genepanel/10146/gene_context/
Indicated (A) P-body or (B) stress granule markers were grown for | esiservizi.com
Indicated (A) P-body or (B) stress granule markers were grown for 4 days in Tein E (apoE) gene to families with a higher risk of glucose-containing media and
http://www.esiservizi.com/2017/09/04/indicated-a-p-body-or-b-stress-granule-markers-were-grown-for/
The humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules and localizes in extracellular traps | JEMThe humoral pattern recognition receptor PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules and localizes in extracellular traps | JEM
The prototypic long PTX3 has long been known to be produced by diverse cell types on demand, i.e., in a gene expression-dependent fashion in response to extracellular signals (e.g., LPS, IL-1β, TNFα, and TLR agonists) (3). The finding that PTX3 is stored in neutrophil granules is therefore unexpected. PTX3 is not stored in MPO+ granules (primary or azurophilic). By confocal analysis among the MPO− granules, PTX3 was found to localize in lactoferrin+ and in lactoferrin+/gelatinase+ (specific) but not in gelatinase+ (tertiary) granules. Storage of PTX3 in neutrophil granules is selective, inasmuch as short PTXs are absent and other granulated circulating elements (eosinophils, basophils, and NK cells) do not contain preformed PTX3. In addition to the diversity generated during granulopoiesis, granules are secreted in a targeted manner, with a timing hierarchy in granule exocytosis (50, 51). PTX3 is localized in granules that are rapidly mobilized and secreted upon stimulation, in agreement ...
http://jem.rupress.org/content/204/4/793
Abnormal sterols in cholesterol-deficiency diseases cause secretory granule malformation and decreased membrane curvature |...Abnormal sterols in cholesterol-deficiency diseases cause secretory granule malformation and decreased membrane curvature |...
Regulated, stimulus-dependent secretion via the exocytosis of dense core granule content provides a mechanism for controlling delivery of hormones, enzymes, neuropeptides, and neurotransmitters to a target cell or organ in a timely and quantified manner (Burgoyne and Morgan, 2003; Loh et al., 2004; Lou et al., 2005). In this study, we have investigated the contributions of cholesterol, 7-DHC and lathosterol to granule biogenesis and regulated secretion in exocrine and endocrine tissues of mouse models of SLOS and lathosterolosis. We report here that cholesterol is necessary for the correct formation of granules in vivo. In the formation of regulated secretory vesicles in animals with inborn errors of cholesterol synthesis, cholesterol cannot be substituted by other lipids with structural similarity. We also show deregulated secretion of cargo in acinar cells of the exocrine pancreas, owing to the absence of cholesterol, which suggests impairment of cellular function.. It has been reported that ...
http://jcs.biologists.org/content/119/9/1876
Cytoplasmic Granules of Bacteria and their significance - microbeonlineCytoplasmic Granules of Bacteria and their significance - microbeonline
Concentrated deposits of certain substances which are presented/located in the cytoplasm of certain bacteria are known as cytoplasmic granules or inclusion bodies.They serves as storage areas for nutrients, e.g. volutin granules are reserve of high energy stored in the form of polymerized metaphosphate. ...
http://microbeonline.com/cytoplasmic-granules-of-bacteria-and-their-significance/
Figures and data in Noroviruses subvert the core stress granule component G3BP1 to promote viral VPg-dependent translation |...Figures and data in Noroviruses subvert the core stress granule component G3BP1 to promote viral VPg-dependent translation |...
A key cellular stress granule protein, G3BP1, is critical for efficient norovirus infection, representing the first pan-norovirus, pro-viral factor identified to date.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/46681/figures
Dense granule - WikipediaDense granule - Wikipedia
The dense granules of human platelets contain adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), ionized calcium (which is necessary for several steps of the coagulation cascade), and serotonin.[6] Dense granules are similar to lysosomes with an acidic pH and even some lysosomal proteins like CD63.[7] There is a granular adenine nucleotide pool within the dense granule. It is thought that it is made up of system of insoluble calcium. This pool is likely to be different than that of the cytoplasmic nucleotides. In some animals it has been shown that the platelets contain histamine.[3] During exocytosis, the pool of ATP within the dense granule is released. Serotonin is picked up by the dense granules where it interacts with ATP and calcium.[3] The serotonin that is then released by the dense granule, recruits other platelets and helps play a major role in stoping the loss of blood at the injury. The calcium from a dense granule accounts for the majority of the calcium within the platelets ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_granule
The small molecule ISRIB reverses the effects of eIF2α phosphorylation on translation and stress granule assembly | eLifeThe small molecule ISRIB reverses the effects of eIF2α phosphorylation on translation and stress granule assembly | eLife
Building on previous work which showed that the small molecule ISRIB potently blocks the integrated stress response (Sidrauski et al., 2013), we report on ISRIBs remarkable specificity and fast action in vivo, underscoring its proposed direct effect on translation.
https://elifesciences.org/articles/05033
The NK cell granule protein NKG7 regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis and inflammationThe NK cell granule protein NKG7 regulates cytotoxic granule exocytosis and inflammation
View more ,Immune-modulating therapies have revolutionized the treatment of chronic diseases, particularly cancer. However, their success is restricted and there is a need to identify new therapeutic targets. Here, we show that natural killer cell granule protein 7 (NKG7) is a regulator of lymphocyte granule exocytosis and downstream inflammation in a broad range of diseases. NKG7 expressed by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells played key roles in promoting inflammation during visceral leishmaniasis and malaria-two important parasitic diseases. Additionally, NKG7 expressed by natural killer cells was critical for controlling cancer initiation, growth and metastasis. NKG7 function in natural killer and CD8+ T cells was linked with their ability to regulate the translocation of CD107a to the cell surface and kill cellular targets, while NKG7 also had a major impact on CD4+ T cell activation following infection. Thus, we report a novel therapeutic target expressed on a range of immune cells with functions in ...
https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/397099
Specific granule deficiency 1Specific granule deficiency 1
An autosomal recessive disorder characterized by recurrent pyogenic infections, defective neutrophil chemotaxis and bactericidal activity, and lack of neutrophil secondary granule proteins. Neutrophils of affected individuals lack lactoferrin and show abnormal nuclear segmentation, bilobed nuclei, low alkaline phosphatase, and increased number of neutrophil mitochondria and ribosomes ...
http://ebi4.uniprot.org/diseases/DI-04999
Ctsg - Cathepsin G - Rattus norvegicus (Rat) - Ctsg gene & proteinCtsg - Cathepsin G - Rattus norvegicus (Rat) - Ctsg gene & protein
cytoplasmic stress granule, extracellular exosome, extracellular matrix, extracellular space, nucleus, plasma membrane, secretory granule, heparin binding, peptidase activity, serine-type endopeptidase activity
http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P17977
Hindering Herpes | Science SignalingHindering Herpes | Science Signaling
Reactivation of herpes simplex virus (HSV) from neuronal latency is a common and potentially devastating cause of disease worldwide. Now Knickelbein et al. demonstrate the use of the lytic granule components perforin and granzyme B by HSV-specific CD8+ T cells in maintaining HSV-1 latency in sensory neurons both in vivo and in vitro. Lytic granules polarized to T cell/neuron junctions during immunosurveillance of latently infected neurons, which are selectively resistant to apoptosis induction by HSV-specific CD8+ T cells. The lytic granule component, granzyme B, inhibited viral gene expression through cleavage of a viral immediate early protein required for expression of early and late genes. Thus, lytic granules can function in a noncytotoxic manner, and granzyme B targets a viral protein that is required for further viral gene expression.. J. E. Knickelbein, K. M. Khanna, M. B. Yee, C. J. Baty, P. R. Kinchington, R. L. Hendricks, Noncytotoxic lytic granule-mediated CD8+ T cell inhibition of ...
https://stke.sciencemag.org/content/1/41/ec357
Reactome | Exocytosis of secretory granule membrane proteinsReactome | Exocytosis of secretory granule membrane proteins
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
http://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-DME-6798743
Reactome | Exocytosis of secretory granule membrane proteinsReactome | Exocytosis of secretory granule membrane proteins
Reactome is pathway database which provides intuitive bioinformatics tools for the visualisation, interpretation and analysis of pathway knowledge.
http://www.reactome.org/content/detail/R-DRE-6798743
RNA Granules - Seydoux LabRNA Granules - Seydoux Lab
RNA granules are protein/RNA condensates proposed to form by liquid-liquid phase separation, a process akin to the separation of oil and vinegar in salad dressing. Studying the P granules of C. elegans, we have found that RNA granules are stabilized in the cytoplasm by a gel-like coat. The coat is made by. intrinsically-disordered proteins that are stimulated by RNA to form gels in vitro. Similar proteins exist across eukarya, raising the possibility that protein gels may be a common strategy to stabilize liquid condensates in eukaryotic cells.. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27914198. ...
https://seydouxlab.mbg.jhmi.edu/research/cell-polarity-patterning-by-local-reactions-and-long-range-diffusion/
DIFFERENTIATION OF MONOCYTES | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University PressDIFFERENTIATION OF MONOCYTES | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
The origin, content, and fate of azurophil granules of blood monocytes were investigated in several species (rabbit, guinea pig, human) by electron microscopy and cytochemistry. The life cycle of monocytes consists of maturation in bone marrow, transit in blood, and migration into tissues where they function as macrophages. Cells were examined from all three phases. It was found that: azurophil granules originate in the Golgi complex of the developing monocyte of bone marrow and blood, and ultimately fuse with phagosomes during phagocytosis upon arrival of monocytes in the tissues. They contain lysosomal enzymes in all species studied and peroxidase in the guinea pig and human. These enzymes are produced by the same pathway as other secretory products (i.e., they are segregated in the rough ER and packaged into granules in the Golgi complex). The findings demonstrate that the azurophil granules of monocytes are primary lysosomes or storage granules comparable to the azurophils of ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/50/2/498/17752/DIFFERENTIATION-OF-MONOCYTES-Origin-Nature-and
Stress granules in yeast - Image Analysis - Image.sc ForumStress granules in yeast - Image Analysis - Image.sc Forum
Hi there, I have run an experiment which is about stress granules formation in yeast using leica sp8 confocal microscope and microfluidics device custom made for the confocal images - its a time lapse with z slices, …
https://forum.image.sc/t/stress-granules-in-yeast/29008
Yeast mRNA localization: protein asymmetry, organelle localization and response to stress | Biochemical Society Transactions |...Yeast mRNA localization: protein asymmetry, organelle localization and response to stress | Biochemical Society Transactions |...
The localization of mRNA forms a key facet of the post-transcriptional control of gene expression and recent evidence suggests that it may be considerably more widespread than previously anticipated. For example, defined mRNA-containing granules can be associated with translational repression or activation. Furthermore, mRNA P-bodies (processing bodies) harbour much of the mRNA decay machinery and stress granules are thought to play a role in mRNA storage. In the present review, we explore the process of mRNA localization in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, examining connections between organellar mRNA localization and the response to stress. We also review recent data suggesting that even where there is a global relocalization of mRNA, the specificity and kinetics of this process can be regulated. ...
https://portlandpress.com/biochemsoctrans/article-abstract/42/4/1256/68959/Yeast-mRNA-localization-protein-asymmetry
Postdoctoral positions on LLPS in the formation and function of membrane-less organelles | ISMARPostdoctoral positions on LLPS in the formation and function of membrane-less organelles | ISMAR
We use high-field NMR spectroscopy, scattering methods, AUC, fluorescence methods, light microscopy, biochemical assays and cell biology. (But not all of these in a single project!). We are collaborating with several other groups in the field. Please contact me for more information at. [email protected] A. Molliex, J. Temirov, J. Lee, M. Coughlin, A.P. Kanagaraj, H.J. Kim, T. Mittag*, J.P. Taylor*. (2015) Phase Separation by Low Complexity Domains Promotes Stress Granule Assembly and Drives Pathological Fibrillization. Cell. 163 (1): 123-33. PMID: 26406374. M. Marzahn, S. Marada, J. Lee, A. Nourse, S. Kenrick, H. Zhao, G. Ben-Nissan, R.M. Kolaitis, J.L. Peters, S. Pounds, W.J. Errington, G.G. Prive, J.P. Taylor, M. Sharon, P. Schuck, S.K. Ogden*, T. Mittag*. (2016) Higher-order oligomerization promotes localization of SPOP to liquid nuclear speckles. EMBO J. 35 (12): 1254-75.. ...
https://wws.weizmann.ac.il/ISMAR/positions/postdoctoral-positions-llps-formation-and-function-membrane-less-organelles
Core formation and the acquisition of fusion competence are linked during secretory granule maturation in Tetrahymena<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Core formation and the acquisition of fusion competence are linked during secretory granule maturation in Tetrahymena. AU - Bowman, Grant R.. AU - Elde, Nels C.. AU - Morgan, Garry. AU - Winey, Mark. AU - Turkewitz, Aaron P.. PY - 2005/4/1. Y1 - 2005/4/1. N2 - The formation of dense core secretory granules is a multi-stage process beginning in the trans Golgi network and continuing during a period of granule maturation. Direct interactions between proteins in the membrane and those in the forming dense core may be important for sorting during this process, as well as for organizing membrane proteins in mature granules. We have isolated two mutants in dense core granule formation in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila, an organism in which this pathway is genetically accessible. The mutants lie in two distinct genes but have similar phenotypes, marked by accumulation of a set of granule cargo markers in intracellular vesicles resembling immature secretory granules. Sorting to ...
https://ucdavis.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/core-formation-and-the-acquisition-of-fusion-competence-are-linke
Characterization of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein granules formation and dynamics in Drosophila | Biology OpenCharacterization of Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein granules formation and dynamics in Drosophila | Biology Open
RNA granules play diverse role in controlling the turnover and translation of specific mRNAs. FMRP is one of the major components of RNA granules including neuronal granules (Barbee et al., 2006), stress granules (Mazroui et al., 2002), and in vitro assembled granules (Han et al., 2012; Kato et al., 2012). Overexpression of FMRP induces formation of FMRP granules that are reminiscent of RNA granules. Here we used FMRP granules formed in Drosophila cells as a model to investigate how FMRP could promote formation of RNA granules and to define the determinants of FMRP involved in its trafficking in and out RNA granules.. During the past few years, several mammalian SG nucleating factors have been shown to induce the formation of SG-like RNA granules based on the effect of their overexpression. Formation of these SG-like granules was reported to occur through mechanisms which involve the phosphorylation of eIF2α, a key event essential for the triggering of SG formation upon stress (Kedersha et al., ...
https://bio.biologists.org/content/2/1/68
LGCL - Large Granule-Containing Lymphocytes | AcronymFinderLGCL - Large Granule-Containing Lymphocytes | AcronymFinder
How is Large Granule-Containing Lymphocytes abbreviated? LGCL stands for Large Granule-Containing Lymphocytes. LGCL is defined as Large Granule-Containing Lymphocytes very rarely.
https://www.acronymfinder.com/Large-Granule_Containing-Lymphocytes-
Sorting and storage during secretory granule biogenesis: looking backward and looking forward | Biochemical JournalSorting and storage during secretory granule biogenesis: looking backward and looking forward | Biochemical Journal
Secretory granules are specialized intracellular organelles that serve as a storage pool for selected secretory products. The exocytosis of secretory granules is markedly amplified under physiologically stimulated conditions. While granules have been recognized as post-Golgi carriers for almost 40 years, the molecular mechanisms involved in their formation from the trans-Golgi network are only beginning to be defined. This review summarizes and evaluates current information about how secretory proteins are thought to be sorted for the regulated secretory pathway and how these activities are positioned with respect to other post-Golgi sorting events that must occur in parallel. In the first half of the review, the emerging role of immature secretory granules in protein sorting is highlighted. The second half of the review summarizes what is known about the composition of granule membranes. The numerous similarities and relatively limited differences identified between granule membranes and other ...
http://www.biochemj.org/content/332/3/593
Specific granules | definition of specific granules by Medical dictionarySpecific granules | definition of specific granules by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of specific granules in the Medical Dictionary? specific granules explanation free. What is specific granules? Meaning of specific granules medical term. What does specific granules mean?
https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/specific+granules
ISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF SECRETORY GRANULES FROM RAT ISLETS OF LANGERHANS | JCBISOLATION AND PROPERTIES OF SECRETORY GRANULES FROM RAT ISLETS OF LANGERHANS | JCB
A partially purified secretory granule fraction, isolated from rat islets of Langerhans by differential centrifugation, was used for investigating the stability of the beta granules during incubation in various conditions. Effects of pH, temperature, and time were studied; the granules possessed optimal stability at 4° and pH 6.0, and could be solubilized at pH 4.0 or 8.5, or in the presence of sodium deoxycholate, but not by phospholipase c, ouabain, or alloxan. Incubation with glucose or some of its metabolites, or with tolbutamide, ATP, or cyclic 3,5-AMP did not alter the stability of the beta granules Exogenous insulin-131I was not bound by the isolated granules under the conditions used; no specific insulin-degrading activity could be detected in subcellular fractions of the islets. These findings indicate that intracellular solubilization of the granules with subsequent diffusion of the insulin into the extracellular space is not a likely mode of insulin secretion in vivo, and suggest ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/41/1/167
Identification of human cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) as a matrix protein in a subset of peroxidase-negative...Identification of human cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) as a matrix protein in a subset of peroxidase-negative...
article{f429a20c-cc6f-41ca-9f07-404d5d006fd6, abstract = {Cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3; also known as SGP28) was originally discovered in human neutrophilic granulocytes. We have recently developed a sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for CRISP-3 and demonstrated the presence of CRISP-3 in exocrine secretions. To investigate the subcellular localization and mobilization of CRISP-3 in human neutrophils, we performed subcellular fractionation of resting and activated neutrophils on three-layer Percoll density gradients, release-studies of granule proteins in response to different secretagogues, and double-labeling immunogold electron microscopy. CRISP-3 was found to be localized in a subset of granules with overlapping characteristics of specific and gelatinase granules and mobilized accordingly, thus confirming the hypothesis that peroxidase-negative granules exist as a continuum from specific to gelatinase granules regarding protein content and mobilization. ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/1123803
Zika virus inhibits eIF2α-dependent stress granule assembly
PubMed Central Canada (PMC Canada) provides free access to a stable and permanent online digital archive of full-text, peer-reviewed health and life sciences research publications. It builds on PubMed Central (PMC), the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature and is a member of the broader PMC International (PMCI) network of e-repositories.
http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC5531678/
Research - Shanta D. Hinton
Currently, my lab addresses the following questions:. How does the pseudophophatase MK-STYX inhibit stress granule formation?. Environmental cues such as heat shock, UV irradiation, hypoxia, and oxidative stress initiate many eukaryotic cellular responses, including protective responses to ensure their survival. One of the most rapid of these responses is to prevent mRNA translation to into protein to allow cells to adapt to stress. This stalled mRNA is sequestered to specific cytosolic compartments known as stress granule. Stress granules represent a complex assemblage of translational initiation factors, proteins involved in translational control, the microtubule array, and chaperone proteins such as G3BP-1 (Ras-GTPase-activating protein Src homology 3 domain-binding protein-1). We have shown that MK-STYX binds G3BP-1 and inhibit stress granule formation. However, how MK-STYX accomplishes this inhibition is unclear. Thus, we seek to elucidate the mechanism required by MK-STYX to inhibit stress ...
http://wmpeople.wm.edu/site/page/sdhinton/research
INERIS - Institut National de lEnviRonnement Industriel et des RisqueS - Ability of Pollen Cytoplasmic Granules to Induce...INERIS - Institut National de lEnviRonnement Industriel et des RisqueS - Ability of Pollen Cytoplasmic Granules to Induce...
Background: Grass pollen is one of the most important aeroallergens in Europe. It highly contributes to respiratory allergic diseases, mainly allergic rhinitis. In contact to water or airborne pollutants, pollen grains can release pollen cytoplasmic granules (PCGs) containing allergens. Because of their size (| 5 mu m), PCGs may penetrate deeper into the lungs to induce higher allergic responses, such as asthma. They have been associated with thunderstorm-related asthma. The aim of this study was to evaluate, with Brown Norway rats, the allergenic potential of isolated PCGs and to compare it with the allergenicity of whole timothy grass pollen. Methods: Rats were sensitized (day 0) and challenged (day 21), in controlled comparative conditions, with pollen grains (0.5 mg) or PCGs (4.5 x 10(7) and 0.5 mg). At day 25, blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and bronchial lymph node were collected. IgE and IgG1 levels in sera were assessed by ELISA. Alveolar cells, protein and cytokine
https://hal-ineris.archives-ouvertes.fr/ineris-00963269
Evasion of host antiviral innate immunity by HSV-1, an update | Virology Journal | Full TextEvasion of host antiviral innate immunity by HSV-1, an update | Virology Journal | Full Text
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection triggers a rapid induction of host innate immune responses. The type I interferon (IFN) signal pathway is a central aspect of host defense which induces a wide range of antiviral proteins to control infection of incoming pathogens. In some cases, viral invasion also induces DNA damage response, autophagy, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cytoplasmic stress granules and other innate immune responses, which in turn affect viral infection. However, HSV-1 has evolved multiple strategies to evade host innate responses and facilitate its infection. In this review, we summarize the most recent findings on the molecular mechanisms utilized by HSV-1 to counteract host antiviral innate immune responses with specific focus on the type I IFN signal pathway.
https://virologyj.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12985-016-0495-5/email/correspondent/c1/new
Gels | Free Full-Text | Effect of Granule Sizes on Acoustic Properties of Protein-Based Silica Aerogel Composites via Novel...Gels | Free Full-Text | Effect of Granule Sizes on Acoustic Properties of Protein-Based Silica Aerogel Composites via Novel...
The acoustic properties of the silica aerogel (SA) granules of various sizes from 0.50 to 3.35 mm, distributed into six groups of nominal sizes and measured via a two-microphone impedance tube, are presented. The absorption coefficients of the SA granules were evaluated at ultra- to super-low frequency range from 50-1600 Hz. It was observed that nominal SA granules with sizes of 1.2 mm (AG2) and 1.7 mm (AG3) displayed the best absorption coefficients. When tested with granules filled at 5 cm depth, AG2 and AG3 absorption coefficients peaked at 980 Hz with values of 0.86 and 0.81, respectively. A novel approach to measure transmission loss (TL) by using
http://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/2/1/11
Phagocytosis in rabbit heterophils and early myleocytes and effects of sulfated acid mucopolysacchrides on activity of...
The antimicrobial capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the presence of dextran sulfate (DS) and heparin, which are similar to naturally occurring mucosubstance in rabbit PMN granules was investi~ gated. The cytochemical activity of PMN granules in phagocytosing and nonphagocytosing cells with and without DS or heparin were also evaluated. No evidence for uptake of DS or heparin was obtained when either phagocytosing or nonphagocytosing PMN were incubated in the presence of these two mucosubstances. Specifically, they did not affect cytochemical reactivity of acid phosphatase in cytoplasmic granules or phagocytic vacuoles at the ultrastructural level. The sulfated acid mucosubstance did not affect reactivity of cytoplasmic granules for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase ,I (DAP I) or acid mucosubstance at the light microscopic or ultrastructural level. DAP I activity was demonstrated in the primary granules of PMN for the first time and ...
http://digital.library.musc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/mtd/id/779/rec/14
Phagocytosis in rabbit heterophils and early myleocytes and effects of sulfated acid mucopolysacchrides on activity of...
The antimicrobial capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in the presence of dextran sulfate (DS) and heparin, which are similar to naturally occurring mucosubstance in rabbit PMN granules was investi~ gated. The cytochemical activity of PMN granules in phagocytosing and nonphagocytosing cells with and without DS or heparin were also evaluated. No evidence for uptake of DS or heparin was obtained when either phagocytosing or nonphagocytosing PMN were incubated in the presence of these two mucosubstances. Specifically, they did not affect cytochemical reactivity of acid phosphatase in cytoplasmic granules or phagocytic vacuoles at the ultrastructural level. The sulfated acid mucosubstance did not affect reactivity of cytoplasmic granules for acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, peroxidase, dipeptidyl aminopeptidase ,I (DAP I) or acid mucosubstance at the light microscopic or ultrastructural level. DAP I activity was demonstrated in the primary granules of PMN for the first time and ...
http://digital.library.musc.edu/cdm/singleitem/collection/mtd/id/779/rec/12
MicrocircuitDB: Multicompartmental cerebellar granule cell model (Diwakar et al. 2009)MicrocircuitDB: Multicompartmental cerebellar granule cell model (Diwakar et al. 2009)
Detailed model of Cerebellar Granular Cell model // Multicompartmental model - Initiation script // Last updated 07-Jan-2009 // Model developer: Shyam Diwakar M. // Developed at Egidio DAngelos Lab at Univ of Pavia // Code contributors: Thierry Nieus, Sergio Solinas // Dept. of Gen. Physiology (Univ. of Pavia, Italy) // School of biotech (Amrita University, India) // Email:[email protected] /* Model published as [Diwakar et al, J.Neurophysiology] Shyam Diwakar, Jacopo Magistretti, Mitchell Goldfarb, Giovanni Naldi, and Egidio DAngelo. Axonal Na+ channels ensure fast spike activation and back-propagation in cerebellar granule cells, J Neurophysiol (December 10, 2008). doi:10.1152/jn.90382.2008 */ xopen($(NEURONHOME)/lib/hoc/noload.hoc) // ***** General settings ***** tstop=200 //default simulation stop time in ms v_init = -70 //init voltage xopen(Grc_Cell.hoc) // load Granule cell template objref Granule[1] //create Granule cell Granule[0] = new GrC() // ***** Synapses **** objref ...
https://senselab.med.yale.edu/MicroCircuitDB/ShowModel?model=116835&file=%2FGrC%2FStart.hoc
Ecrg4 (ECRG4 augurin precursor) - Rat Genome Database
ENCODES a protein that exhibits neuropeptide hormone activity (ortholog); INVOLVED IN anaphase-promoting complex-dependent catabolic process (ortholog); cellular senescence (ortholog); G1 to G0 transition (ortholog); FOUND IN apical plasma membrane (ortholog); cytoplasm (ortholog); dense core granule (ortholog)
https://rgd.mcw.edu/rgdweb/report/gene/main.html?id=8968014
Plus itPlus it
Morphological analysis of transplantable pancreatic acinar carcinoma of rat has revealed a continuum of cells from those which totally lack mature secretory granules to cells with abundant well-formed secretory granules. This tumor is easily dissociable into single cells which incorporate [3H]thymidine and [3H]leucine into DNA and protein at a linear rate for 3 to 4 hr. The number of cells synthesizing DNA, as assessed by light microscope autoradiography, was about 17%. Dissociated neoplastic pancreatic acinar cells are classified into four cell types (types I to IV) on the basis of nuclear morphology, degree of polarization, and the extent of specialization of cytoplasmic organelles. Type IV cells possess all the characteristics of mature pancreatic acinar cells, such as abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, prominent Golgi apparatus, and numerous secretory granules. Cell types III, II, and I are progressively less differentiated. An analysis of the cytological features of 285 dissociated tumor ...
http://cancerres.aacrjournals.org/content/40/10/3443
SPECIFIC GRANULES IN ATRIAL MUSCLE CELLS | JCBSPECIFIC GRANULES IN ATRIAL MUSCLE CELLS | JCB
Large populations (up to 600/cell) of spherical, electron-opaque granules ∼0.3 to 0.4 µ in diameter are characteristically found in muscle fibers of mammalian atria. They are absent in muscle fibers of the ventricles. The granules are concentrated in the sarcoplasmic core and occur in lesser numbers in the sarcoplasmic layers between myofibrils and under the plasma membrane. Their intimate association with a central voluminous Golgi complex and the frequent occurrence of material reminiscent of the granular content within the cisternae of the Golgi complex suggest that the latter is involved in the formation of the atrial granules. Atrial granules are larger and more numerous in smaller species (rat, mouse), and generally smaller and less numerous in larger mammals (dog, cat, human); they are absent from the atrial fibers of very young fetuses (rat) but are present in those of newborn animals. A small population of bodies containing glycogen particles and remnants of the endoplasmic reticulum ...
http://jcb.rupress.org/content/23/1/151
Premium Collagen Granules | JanaSPremium Collagen Granules | JanaS
This is our premium product! Our Grass-Fed Collagen Granules are made from the hides of cattle raised in pastures in Argentina. It tested at 90% protein and provides both type I and type III collagen which are the major components in skin, hair, nails, muscles, tendons, ligaments, bones, gum, teeth, eyes and blood vessels.. Our Collagen Granules are 100% pure containing no additives, preservatives or fillers. Collagen Granules are a superior product to a Collagen Powder. The Collagen Granules are a granulated product and as such dissolve rapidly into liquids. This makes this product a superb addition to coffee and tea, juices and even water. This product has a neutral flavour and is therefore amazing to add into yoghurt or cereal or even into your cooking or baking.. Mix 2 tablespoons per serving into coffee, water, a shake or your favourite smoothie. You can enjoy more than one serving a day.. Our Refill Bags are made from wood fibre cellulose and are 100% Compostable according to European ...
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Patent US5002609 - Iron oxide black pigment granules, processes for their preparation and their use - Google PatentsPatent US5002609 - Iron oxide black pigment granules, processes for their preparation and their use - Google Patents
A process is disclosed for preparing dispersant-free iron oxide pigment granules by spraying or atomizing an iron oxide black pigment suspension and heating the resulting granules at a temperature of 400 -800 C. The granules are useful for coloring building materials such as concrete.
http://www.google.com/patents/US5002609?dq=5166694
Bodie granule - Krbové vložky oboustrannéBodie granule - Krbové vložky oboustranné
Monitorujeme aktuální akční letáky Kauflan Lidl, Tesco, . Krmivo Rasco hovězí pro psy 10kg. NovaEqui vzniklo ve spolupráci tří českých fireBODIT TACHOV s. Kompletní krmivo pro dospělé psy. Mléčné granule pod názvem Axcelera-C (A-C) a doplňkové krmivo Novanel, které.. Porovnání cen bodie granule pro psy, srovnání cen bodie granule pro psy na portálu HLEDEJCENY. FROLIC s hovězím masem a zeleninou 500g. Poloměkké masové granule pro dospělé psy všech plemen . Dentální pochoutka jako odměna pro Vašeho psa s kuřecím masem.. In cell biology, lamellar bodies are secretory organelles found in type II alveolar cells in the. Bodit NOVAEQUI Classic 20kg. Involvement of corneodesmosome degradation and lamellar granule transportation in the desquamation process. Medical Molecular Morphology. Akční ceny výrobky a krmivo pro psy 25.. Granule pro psy Bono 17Kč, platí pouze do 20. ...
http://vankorshop.ru/bodie-granule/
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Chediak-Higashi syndrome : Symptoms & Signs, Diagnosis & Tests - Health32.Com
The doctor will perform a physical exam. Examination may show signs of a swollen spleen or liver or jaundice.. A blood smear shows giant granules in the white blood cells. Giant granules are also found in cells from biopsy of skin, muscle, and nerves.. Blood platelet or white blood cell counts are abnormally low. Genetic testing may show mutations in the CHS1 gene.. EEG may show seizures. Brain MRI or CT scan may show small brain due to atrophy.. EMG or nerve conduction velocity testing may show delayed nerve signaling. There may be decreased color (pigmentation) seen in the front and back of the eye.. ...
https://www.health32.com/chediak-higashi-syndrome-symptoms-signs-diagnosis-tests/
Granule (cell Biology) Resource | Learn About, Share and Discuss Granule (cell Biology) At Popflock.comGranule (cell Biology) Resource | Learn About, Share and Discuss Granule (cell Biology) At Popflock.com
Get Granule Cell Biology essential facts. View Videos or join the Granule Cell Biology discussion. Add Granule Cell Biology to your PopFlock.com topic list or share. Granule Cell Biology at popflock.com
http://www.popflock.com/learn?s=Granule_
NB1, a new neutrophil-specific antigen involved in the pathoge...NB1, a new neutrophil-specific antigen involved in the pathoge...
NB1, a new neutrophil-specific antigen involved in the pathogenesis of neonatal neutropenia: A new human antigen is reported which is present only on blood neut
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/nb1-a-new-neutrophil-specific-antigen-involved-in-the-pathogenesis-of-neonatal-neutropenia
Platelet granule exocytosis and thrombus formation - Robert FlaumenhaftPlatelet granule exocytosis and thrombus formation - Robert Flaumenhaft
Granule exocytosis is an essential platelet function, contributing not only to hemostasis and thrombosis, but also to inflammation, wound healing, malignancy, a...
https://grantome.com/grant/NIH/R01-HL112809-03S1
Patente US6092302 - Absorbent fibrous granules - Google PatentesPatente US6092302 - Absorbent fibrous granules - Google Patentes
There is provided a cellulosic-based fiber granule with added non self-associating particulates or fibers. The resulting granule is free-flowing with a densified outer surface and is capable of removing substantially all oil or other fluids from a flat surface such as a floor. The granule is also capable of being incinerated by being formed substantially of organic materials. Cellulosic plant fibers form at least 10 percent up to 99 percent of the granule. There is also provided a method for forming the incineratable absorbent, free-flowing granules.
http://www.google.es/patents/US6092302
Solidifi-ER Body Fluid Absorbent Granules | Absorb Blood Urine & Vomit | Absorbent GranulesSolidifi-ER Body Fluid Absorbent Granules | Absorb Blood Urine & Vomit | Absorbent Granules
Solidifi-ER absorbent granules solidify all liquids instantly to clean up vomit, blood, urine, all bodily fluids and can also soak up oil, cream and water based spills. 10g of granules will absorb approximately 1 litre of fluid! The absorbent granules are ready to use and non hazardous so can be used on practically any surface....
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Lactiz 10gm/3.5gm Granules : Uses, Price, Side Effects, Composition, Substitutes, Precautions and Advice - Ferring...Lactiz 10gm/3.5gm Granules : Uses, Price, Side Effects, Composition, Substitutes, Precautions and Advice - Ferring...
Buy Lactiz 10gm/3.5gm Granules - sachet of 100 gm Granules at online at 1mg.com. Know the uses, side effects, price, composition, substitutes, How it works, Precautions and Expert Advice for Lactiz 10gm/3.5gm Granules manufactured by Ferring Pharmaceuticals
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Identification of GP2, the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein, as the autoantigen of pancreatic antibodies in Crohns...Identification of GP2, the major zymogen granule membrane glycoprotein, as the autoantigen of pancreatic antibodies in Crohns...
Our requirements are stated in our rapid response terms and conditions and must be read. These include ensuring that: i) you do not include any illustrative content including tables and graphs, ii) you do not include any information that includes specifics about any patients,iii) you do not include any original data, unless it has already been published in a peer reviewed journal and you have included a reference, iv) your response is lawful, not defamatory, original and accurate, v) you declare any competing interests, vi) you understand that your name and other personal details set out in our rapid response terms and conditions will be published with any responses we publish and vii) you understand that once a response is published, we may continue to publish your response and/or edit or remove it in the future ...
https://gut.bmj.com/content/58/12/1620.responses
Team:UCSF/Project/Arsenal - 2010.igem.orgTeam:UCSF/Project/Arsenal - 2010.igem.org
Concept and experimental design We hypothesized that fusing address tags from proteins that are naturally sent to the granule may work to send GFP to the granule as well. 1. N-terminal signal peptides Proteins should be translocated into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) first in order to be further sorted to granule. Since it is not sure whether the signal sequence would play some role in the granule sorting, we decided to use the signal sequences from the granzymes. Each Granzyme has an individual signal peptide sequence that delivers it to the Endo Reticulum. Every signal sequence is distinct in size and amino acid content. 2. C-terminal address tag sequences We have two strategies to send our cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to the granule: 1. Directly fuse our cargo to the granule specific transporters. 2. Fuse our cargo to some address tag which can bind to the transporter. Strategy 1 The proteins listed below all have granule localization motif on their cytoplasmic tails. Y-motif: ...
http://2010.igem.org/wiki/index.php?title=Team:UCSF/Project/Arsenal&diff=next&oldid=189549
Italian Keratin Fuxia - Italian Keratin Glue Granules at low pricesItalian Keratin Fuxia - Italian Keratin Glue Granules at low prices
Italian Keratin Fuxia - Transparent and Colored Italian Keratin Glue Granules Beads for Pre-bonded Hair Extensions. High-Quality Keratin Glue. Discounts for large quantities.
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Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Granules SupplierTrichloroisocyanuric Acid Granules Supplier
Wholesale Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Granules Supplier in Mumbai Maharashtra India - Pearl Chemicals is a leading Wholesale Supplier of Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Granules in Mumbai, Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Granules Wholesaler Mumbai, Wholesale Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Granules Trader in Mumbai.
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Effervescent granules and methods for their preparation - Patent # 6071539 - PatentGenius
According to the present invent, effervescent granules having a controllable rate of effervescence are provided. Such granules comprise an acidic agent, an alkaline agent, a hot-melt extrudable binder capable of forming a eutectic mixture with the acidic agent and, optionally, a plasticizer. The effervescent granules are made by a hot-melt extrusion process.
http://www.patentgenius.com/patent/6071539.html
Bax −/− cerebellar granule cells do not undergo apo | Open-iBax −/− cerebellar granule cells do not undergo apo | Open-i
Bax −/− cerebellar granule cells do not undergo apoptosis in response to K+ deprivation. Cerebellar granule cells from Bax +/+ (a, b, e, and f) and Bax −
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC2139809_JCB.32816f1&req=4
Natural Health Fructose Granules 500g | Natural Health WarehouseNatural Health Fructose Granules 500g | Natural Health Warehouse
Fructose is sugar. It is a very simple sugar that occurs naturally in foods and what gives fruits a sweet taste, hence the name. Fructose is quite a bit sweeter than your average white table sugar (a combination of fructose and sucrose) but fructose contributes far fewer calories. These Fructose Granules can be used as a sugar alternative in cooking or desserts.
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Granulocyte products - Products by topic - Products - Miltenyi Biotec - Nederland
Granulocytes are released from the bone marrow and make up the major group of leukocytes in the blood. They represent a heterogeneous population of myeloid innate immune cells characterized by the presence of intracellular granules as well as segmented and lobed nuclei of various shapes. Therefore, they are also referred to as polymorphonuclear cells (PMNC). Recently, along with their well described involvement in inflammation, they have also been shown capable of antigen presentation. Miltenyi Biotec provides numerous tools for granulocyte research, including standardized and automated enrichment of viable and fully functional cells, a pre-requisite to obtain high quality and reproducible data ...
https://www.miltenyibiotec.com/NL-en/products/products-by-topic/granulocytes-products.html
Search Results | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University PressSearch Results | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Mammalian stress granules (SGs) harbor untranslated mRNAs that accumulate in cells exposed to environmental stress. Drugs that stabilize polysomes (emetine) inhibit the assembly of SGs, whereas drugs that destabilize polysomes (puromycin) promote the assembly of SGs. Moreover, emetine dissolves preformed SGs as it promotes the assembly of polysomes, suggesting that these mRNP species (i.e., SGs and polysomes) exist in equilibrium. We used green flourescent protein-tagged SG-associated RNA-binding proteins (specifically, TIA-1 and poly[A] binding protein [PABP-I]) to monitor SG assembly, disassembly, and turnover in live cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching shows that both TIA-1 and PABP-I rapidly and continuously shuttle in and out of SGs, indicating that the assembly of SGs is a highly dynamic process. This unexpected result leads us to propose that mammalian SGs are sites at which untranslated mRNAs are sorted and processed for either reinitiation, degradation, or packaging into ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/search-results?f_Authors=Natalie+Gilks
Olfactory Granule CellsOlfactory Granule Cells
Jason Christopher Dugas (jcdugas at uclink.berkeley.edu) wrote: : HARRY R. ERWIN (herwin at osf1.gmu.edu) wrote: : : Experimentally, do olfactory granule cells have active conductances or are : : they passive? : In this article it states : that the granule cells do in fact spike when stimulated, in a manner : similar to the amicrine cells of the retina. Using active conductances results in really exquisite sensitivity to input levels. A 3 mV increase in the spiking threshold (from -55 to -58 mV) results in the granule cells going from quiet to madly overshooting. The periglomerular cells and tufted/mitral cells appear to go mildly chaotic at the same time. -- Harry Erwin Internet: herwin at gmu.edu ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/1995-January/016111.html
PeproTech. Recombinant Murine Granzyme BPeproTech. Recombinant Murine Granzyme B
Granzyme B is a cysteine protease found in the cytoplasmic granules of cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) and natural killer (NK) cells. Granzyme
https://www.peprotech.com/recombinant-murine-granzyme-b
Neutrophil - Methods and Protocols | Mark T. Quinn | SpringerNeutrophil - Methods and Protocols | Mark T. Quinn | Springer
This volume covers overviews of neutrophil biology, function, and disorders. Chapters discuss topics such as methods to isolate neutrophils; investigating chemotaxis, transmigration, and bactericidal activity; apoptosis; cytoplasmic granules; and the function of neutrophil extracellular traps.
https://www.springer.com/us/book/9781071601532?wt_mc=ThirdParty.RD.3.EPR653.About_eBook
Biological membraneBiological membrane
... cytoplasmic granules; cell vesicles (phagosome, autophagosome, clathrin-coated vesicles, COPI-coated and COPII-coated vesicles ... This is usually in the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. However, it is flipped to the outer membrane to be used during blood ... and secretory vesicles (including synaptosome, acrosomes, melanosomes, and chromaffin granules). Different types of biological ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_membrane
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosisNeuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
Terry RD, Korey SR (Dec 1960). "Membranous cytoplasmic granules in infantile amaurotic idiocy". Nature. 188 (4755): 1000-2. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal_ceroid_lipofuscinosis
AstrocyteAstrocyte
Gomori-positive cytoplasmic granules are derived from damaged mitochondria engulfed within lysosomes. Cytoplasmic granules ... These are a subset of protoplasmic astrocytes that contain numerous cytoplasmic inclusions, or granules, that stain positively ... Astrocytes of this subtype possess prominent cytoplasmic granules that are intensely stained by Gomori's chrome alum ... It is now known that these granules are formed from the remnants of degenerating mitochondria engulfed within lysosomes, Some ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrocyte
Stress granuleStress granule
Chang WL, Tarn WY (October 2009). "A role for transportin in deposition of TTP to cytoplasmic RNA granules and mRNA decay". ... Iannilli F, Zalfa F, Gartner A, Bagni C, Dotti CG (2013). "Cytoplasmic TERT Associates to RNA Granules in Fully Mature Neurons ... Nover L, Scharf KD, Neumann D (March 1989). "Cytoplasmic heat shock granules are formed from precursor particles and are ... Weissbach R, Scadden AD (March 2012). "Tudor-SN and ADAR1 are components of cytoplasmic stress granules". RNA. 18 (3): 462-471 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress_granule
Bacterial cell structureBacterial cell structure
Volutin granules are cytoplasmic inclusions of complexed inorganic polyphosphate. These granules are called metachromatic ... Sulfur is most often stored as elemental (S0) granules which can be deposited either intra- or extracellularly. Sulfur granules ... The plasma membrane or bacterial cytoplasmic membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer and thus has all of the general ... Because of its location between the cytoplasmic and outer membranes, signals received and substrates bound are available to be ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacterial_cell_structure
G3BP1G3BP1
Mahboubi, Hicham; Stochaj, Ursula (2017-04-01). "Cytoplasmic stress granules: Dynamic modulators of cell signaling and disease ... G3BP1 can initiate stress granule formation and labeled G3BP1 is commonly used as a marker for stress granules. G3BP1 has been ... 2003). "The RasGAP-associated endoribonuclease G3BP assembles stress granules". J. Cell Biol. 160 (6): 823-31. doi:10.1083/jcb. ... and cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein (p137) individually or as a heterodimer". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (50): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G3BP1
Eosinophil cationic proteinEosinophil cationic protein
These cytoplasmic granules contain positively charged proteins that characterize the cells. ECP is one of the four highly basic ... Eosinophil cationic protein is localized to the granule matrix of the eosinophil. The ribonuclease activity of ECP is not ... Nielsen LP, Peterson CG, Dahl R (2009). "Serum eosinophil granule proteins predict asthma risk in allergic rhinitis". Allergy. ... Parwez Q, Stemmler S, Epplen JT, Hoffjan S (2008). "Variation in genes encoding eosinophil granule proteins in atopic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil_cationic_protein
Taphrina caerulescensTaphrina caerulescens
The asci initials are cytoplasmic containing lipid droplets and glycogen granules. Mature asci develop from the initials by ... Chloroplasts become large and irregular with large starch granules inside of them as well as other internal alterations to the ... Healthy epidermal cells contain a large central vacuole surrounded by a thin cytoplasmic layer with endoplasmic reticulum, ... chloroplasts with well-developed grana, starch granules, and osmophilic globules. Other organelles are infrequently present as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taphrina_caerulescens
Type 2 diabetesType 2 diabetes
During aging, FABP7+ astrocytes develop cytoplasmic granules derived from degenerating mitochondria. This mitochondrial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_2_diabetes
Roy R. ParkerRoy R. Parker
Finally, most recently, the lab group has discovered cytoplasmic mRNP granules. These contain P bodies and may be critical to ... "Eukaryotic Stress Granules: The Ins and Outs of Translation"(2009) The focus of this publication is the formation of stress ... They were able to conclude that stress granules may communicate with P bodies to create even more harmful effects to the ... P bodies are linked to maternal and neuronal mRNA granules. This link led to uncovering of the relationship between polysomes ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy_R._Parker
CytocentrifugeCytocentrifuge
Cytoplasmic granules may be pushed to the periphery of the cell. If the cell count is high, cells may be distorted due to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytocentrifuge
MyelocyteMyelocyte
Numerous cytoplasmic granules are present in the more mature forms of myelocytes. Neutrophilic and eosinophilic granules are ... The nucleus is fairly regular in contour (not indented), and seems to be 'buried' beneath the numerous cytoplasmic granules. ( ... peroxidase-positive, while basophilic granules are not. The nuclear chromatin is coarser than that observed in a promyelocyte, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelocyte
Regional differentiationRegional differentiation
Specification of germ line P granules were identified as the cytoplasmic determinants. While uniformly present at fertilization ... Localization of cytoplasmic determinants The autonomous specification of C. elegans arises from different cytoplasmic ... these granules become localized in the posterior P1 cell prior to the first division. These granules are further localized ... The cytoplasmic determinant macho-1 was isolated as the necessary and sufficient factor for muscle cell formation. Similar to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regional_differentiation
RPTORRPTOR
In the cell, RPTOR is present in cytoplasm, lysosomes, and cytoplasmic granules. Amino acid availability determines RPTOR ... In stressed cells, RPTOR associates with SPAG5 and accumulates in stress granules, which significantly reduces its presence in ... Astrin recruits RPTOR to stress granules, inhibiting mTORC1 association and preventing apoptosis induced by mTORC1 ... "Inhibition of mTORC1 by astrin and stress granules prevents apoptosis in cancer cells". Cell. 154 (4): 859-74. doi:10.1016/j. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RPTOR
RBFOX1RBFOX1
In stressed cells, Rbfox1 has been demonstrated to localize to cytoplasmic stress granules. Alternative splicing RNA-binding ... Lee JA, Damianov A, Lin CH, Fontes M, Parikshak NN, Anderson ES, Geschwind DH, Black DL, Martin KC (2016). "Cytoplasmic Rbfox1 ... Rbfox1 cytoplasmic variants modulate mRNA stability and translation. ... "ATPase-Modulated Stress Granules Contain a Diverse Proteome and Substructure". Cell. 164 (3): 487-498. doi:10.1016/j.cell. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RBFOX1
Exosome complexExosome complex
Lin, WJ; Duffy, A; Chen, CY (2007). "Localization of AU-rich element-containing mRNA in cytoplasmic granules containing exosome ... One of those is the cytoplasmic Ski complex, which includes an RNA helicase (Ski2) and is involved in mRNA degradation. In the ... van Dijk, EL; Schilders, G; Pruijn, GJ (2007). "Human cell growth requires a functional cytoplasmic exosome, which is involved ... but can form part of the cytoplasmic exosome complex as well. Apart from these two tightly bound protein subunits, many ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exosome_complex
Dense granuleDense granule
This pool is likely to be different than that of the cytoplasmic nucleotides. In some animals it has been shown that the ... Dense granules are found only in platelets and are smaller than alpha granules. The origin of these dense granules is still ... Dense granules play a major role in Toxoplasma gondii. When the parasite invades it releases its dense granules which help to ... The dense granule is very important in the coagulation cascade because of the bleeding disorders caused by a dense granule ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_granule
Zanvil A. CohnZanvil A. Cohn
The isolation and properties of the specific cytoplasmic granules of rabbit polymorphonuclear leucocytes. J. Exp. Med. 112:983- ... They isolated granules from the rest of the cell contents, used phase and electron microscopy to visualize them, and determined ... The influence of phagocytosis on the intracellular distribution of granule‑associated components of polymorphonuclear ... and Pinocytosis and Granule Formation in Macrophages (1967). The Journal of Experimental Medicine later noted that Hirsch and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanvil_A._Cohn
HemostasisHemostasis
Platelets release cytoplasmic granules which contain serotonin, ADP and thromboxane A2, all of which increase the effect of ... Platelets release cytoplasmic granules such as adenosine diphosphate (ADP), serotonin and thromboxane A2. Adenosine diphosphate ... When platelets come across the injured endothelium cells, they change shape, release granules and ultimately become 'sticky'. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemostasis
Pure apocrine carcinoma of the breastPure apocrine carcinoma of the breast
The uptake of PAS diastase stain by the tumor's carcinoma cells' cytoplasmic granules can aid in making the diagnosis. PACB is ... 1 and 2). The tumor cells' cytoplasmic granules test positive when treated with the PAS diastase stain. Binucleated cells, i.e ... They have abundant eosinophilic (i.e. pink due to the uptake of the eosin dye) cytoplasm which contain numerous granules and ... the abnormal cytoplasmic, nuclear, and nucleolar features found in PACB (see Fig 4). Unlike PACB, the apocrine carcinoma cells ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pure_apocrine_carcinoma_of_the_breast
Diff-QuikDiff-Quik
... stain highlights cytoplasmic elements such as mucins, fat droplets and neurosecretory granules. Extracellular ... The primary use of Romanowsky-type stains in cytopathology is for cytoplasmic detail, while Papanicolaou stain is used for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diff-Quik
SAMD4ASAMD4A
"Mammalian Smaug is a translational repressor that forms cytoplasmic foci similar to stress granules". J. Biol. Chem. 280 (52): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAMD4A
PURAPURA
April 2016). "Pur-alpha regulates cytoplasmic stress granule dynamics and ameliorates FUS toxicity". Acta Neuropathologica. 131 ... "Stress Granules Need Pur-alpha to Come Together". Research ALS.[permanent dead link] Barbe MF, Krueger JJ, Loomis R, Otte J, ... isolation and characterization of an RNA-transporting granule". Neuron. 43 (4): 513-25. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.07.022. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PURA
LysozymeLysozyme
It is also present in cytoplasmic granules of the macrophages and the polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Large amounts of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysozyme
Monocarboxylate transporter 1Monocarboxylate transporter 1
"The precrystalline cytoplasmic granules of alveolar soft part sarcoma contain monocarboxylate transporter 1 and CD147". The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocarboxylate_transporter_1
Decapping complexDecapping complex
These proteins all localize to cytoplasmic structures called P-bodies. Notably in yeast there are no translation factors or ... Chantarachot T, Bailey-Serres J (January 2018). "Polysomes, Stress Granules, and Processing Bodies: A Dynamic Triumvirate ... Controlling Cytoplasmic mRNA Fate and Function". Plant Physiology. 176 (1): 254-269. doi:10.1104/pp.17.01468. PMC 5761823. PMID ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decapping_complex
Uterine natural killer cellsUterine natural killer cells
Granules differ between species, with rat uterine natural killer cells displaying an increased number of small granules than ... On microscopic examination, they may have one or more cytoplasmic projections and/or be binucleate. Characteristically they ... These granules usually appear regular (but some can be irregularly shaped), and they grow in size and number until ... uterine natural killer cell morphology also differs from the mouse due to the common occurrence of myelin within the granules. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uterine_natural_killer_cells
BasophilBasophil
... s contain large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the cell nucleus under the microscope when stained. However, when ... Histamine and proteoglycans are pre-stored in the cell's granules while the other secreted substances are newly generated. Each ... although there are less than that found in mast cell granules. Mast cells were once thought to be basophils that migrated from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basophil
CyclotellaCyclotella
The cytoplasmic components are assumed to be similar to what other diatoms have. In C. meneghiniana, there are granules ... Shirokawa, Y., Shimada, M. (2016). Cytoplasmic inheritance of parent-offspring cell structure in the clonal diatom Cyclotella ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclotella
HepatocyteHepatocyte
Brown lipofuscin granules are also observed (with increasing age) together with irregular unstained areas of cytoplasm; these ... correspond to cytoplasmic glycogen and lipid stores removed during histological preparation. The average life span of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatocyte
Papillary carcinomas of the breastPapillary carcinomas of the breast
... cytoplasmic granules about 180 nanometers in diameter that are found in neurons and secretory cells; and 5) the presence of ... The signet ring-shaped cells in these tumors contain cytoplasmic mucin-containing vacuoles which push their cells' nuclei to ... signet ring-shaped cells bearing mucin-containing granules. Information on the frequency and clinical features of PDCIS is ... features combining those of nerve and hormone-producing cells including in particular the presence of neurosecretory granules, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papillary_carcinomas_of_the_breast
RhabditophoraRhabditophora
... ns are characterized by the presence of lamellated rhabdites, rodlike granules secreted in the cells of the ... also have a unique anatomy in which the flame cells and tube cells present a series of cytoplasmic projections that overlap, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhabditophora
Anthony MahowaldAnthony Mahowald
Mahowald focused on cytoplasmic actin genes instead of muscular actin due to the multifunctional nature of cytoplasmic actin ... At Johns Hopkins, Mahowald studied the structure of pole cells and polar granules in Drosophila melanogaster. Both his ... Storti RV, Rich A (July 1976). "Chick cytoplasmic actin and muscle actin have different structural genes". Proceedings of the ... It was determined that the small differences make actin filaments that do have different functions, such as cytoplasmic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Mahowald
Cyclopentenone prostaglandinsCyclopentenone prostaglandins
... a form of cell suicide that differs from apoptosis by involving cytoplasmic vacuolization and mitochondrial swelling rather ... to sequester in cellular stress granules. The inhibition of protein translation can trigger programmed cell death responses ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopentenone_prostaglandins
Anne EphrussiAnne Ephrussi
Hachet, Olivier; Ephrussi, Anne (2004). "Splicing of oskar RNA in the nucleus is coupled to its cytoplasmic localization". ... "Oskar protein interaction with Vasa represents an essential step in polar granule assembly". Genes & Development. 10 (17): 2179 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Ephrussi
Biomolecular condensateBiomolecular condensate
... oskar Starch granules Glycogen granules Frodosomes (Dact1) Corneal lens formation and cataracts Other cytoplasmic inclusions ... These granules separate out from the cytoplasm and form droplets, as oil does from water. Both the granules and the surrounding ... Lewy bodies Stress granule P-body Germline P-granules - ... FLOE1 granules: FLOE1 is a prion-like seed-specific protein ... such as pigment granules or cytoplasmic crystals Purinosomes Misfolded protein aggregation such as amyloid fibrils or mutant ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomolecular_condensate
Caprin-1Caprin-1
... entry to cytoplasmic stress granules, and selective interaction with a subset of mRNAs". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 27 (6 ... November 2017). "RNG105/caprin1, an RNA granule protein for dendritic mRNA localization, is essential for long-term memory ... and cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein (p137) individually or as a heterodimer". The Journal of Biological ... "Activation/division of lymphocytes results in increased levels of cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated protein-1: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caprin-1
Frontotemporal lobar degenerationFrontotemporal lobar degeneration
... very few or no neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions, neuronal intranuclear inclusions or glial cytoplasmic inclusions. This is often ... and an unusual absence of inclusions in the granule cell layer of the hippocampus. Type D is associated with VCP mutations. ... Type B presents with many neuronal and glial cytoplasmic inclusions in both the upper (superficial) and lower (deep) cortical ... FTLD-FUS; which is characterised by FUS positive cytoplasmic inclusions, intra nuclear inclusions, and neuritic threads. All of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frontotemporal_lobar_degeneration
AxonAxon
An axon is one of two types of cytoplasmic protrusions from the cell body of a neuron; the other type is a dendrite. Axons are ... In comparison, the cerebellar granule cell axon is characterized by a single T-shaped branch node from which two parallel ... Hong K, Hinck L, Nishiyama M, Poo MM, Tessier-Lavigne M, Stein E (June 1999). "A ligand-gated association between cytoplasmic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axon
Ball and chain inactivationBall and chain inactivation
The blockage is caused by a "ball" of amino acids connected to the main protein by a string of residues on the cytoplasmic side ... and persistent current by open-channel block by Na channel beta4 in cultured cerebellar granule neurons". Proceedings of the ... The ball and chain domains are on the cytoplasmic side of the channel. The most precise structural studies have been carried ... Miyamoto K, Nakagawa T, Kuroda Y (2001). "Solution structure of the cytoplasmic linker between domain III-S6 and domain IV-S1 ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ball_and_chain_inactivation
Pulmonary alveolusPulmonary alveolus
They are squamous (giving more surface area to each cell) and have long cytoplasmic extensions that cover more than 95% of the ... in the alveolar wall contain secretory organelles known as lamellar bodies or lamellar granules, that fuse with the cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_alveolus
CASC3CASC3
2007). "The exon-junction-complex-component metastatic lymph node 51 functions in stress-granule assembly". J. Cell Sci. 120 ( ... 2002). "Metastatic Lymph Node 51, a novel nucleo-cytoplasmic protein overexpressed in breast cancer". Oncogene. 21 (28): 4422- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CASC3
Innate immune systemInnate immune system
Neutrophil granules contain a variety of toxic substances that kill or inhibit growth of bacteria and fungi. Similar to ... When the cytoplasmic receptors MDA5 and RIG-I recognize a virus the conformation between the caspase-recruitment domain (CARD) ... Neutrophils, along with eosinophils and basophils, are known as granulocytes due to the presence of granules in their cytoplasm ... When activated, mast cells rapidly release characteristic granules, rich in histamine and heparin, along with various hormonal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Innate_immune_system
Coagulation factor II receptorCoagulation factor II receptor
The C-terminus of PAR1 is located on the intracellular side of the cell membrane as part of its cytoplasmic tail. PAR1 is ... as well as the release of granules which are both necessary for platelet aggregation. Coupling can also occur with Gq, leading ... Shapiro MJ, Trejo J, Zeng D, Coughlin SR (December 1996). "Role of the thrombin receptor's cytoplasmic tail in intracellular ... The phosphorylation of PAR1's cytoplasmic tail and subsequent binding to arrestin uncouples the protein from G protein ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coagulation_factor_II_receptor
AutophagyAutophagy
Hruban Z, Spargo B, Swift H, Wissler RW, Kleinfeld RG (June 1963). "Focal cytoplasmic degradation". The American Journal of ... In crinophagy (the least well-known and researched form of autophagy), unnecessary secretory granules are degraded and recycled ... Microautophagy, on the other hand, involves the direct engulfment of cytoplasmic material into the lysosome. This occurs by ... Ashford TP, Porter KR (January 1962). "Cytoplasmic components in hepatic cell lysosomes". The Journal of Cell Biology. 12 (1): ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autophagy
SNAPAPSNAPAP
... such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Snapin has been established to be a promoter of vesicle docking, as it plays a ... with a cytoplasmic tail that interacts with proteins related to signal transduction pathways". Biochemistry. 42 (24): 7270-82. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNAPAP
HPS1HPS1
2007). "Platelet alpha granules in BLOC-2 and BLOC-3 subtypes of Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome". Platelets. 18 (2): 150-7. doi: ... 1996). "Positional cloning of a gene for Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome, a disorder of cytoplasmic organelles". Nat. Genet. 14 (3): ... This gene encodes a protein that may play a role in organelle biogenesis associated with melanosomes, platelet dense granules, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HPS1
CD68CD68
Immunohistochemistry can be used to identify the presence of CD68, which is found in the cytoplasmic granules of a range of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD68
P-selectinP-selectin
In unactivated platelets P-selectin is stored in α-granules. Other names for P-selectin include CD62P, Granule Membrane Protein ... P-selectin is anchored in transmembrane region that is followed by a short cytoplasmic tail region. The primary ligand for P- ... and dense granules and the inner walls of the granules are exposed on the outside of the cell. The P-selectin then promotes ... In a quiescent platelet, P-selectin is located on the inner wall of α-granules. Platelet activation (through agonists such as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-selectin
GroELGroEL
The cytoplasmic HSP60 contains a signal sequence of 26 amino acids on the N terminus. This sequence is highly degenerate and is ... "Immunocytochemical localization of heat-shock protein 60-related protein in beta-cell secretory granules and its altered ... The cytoplasmic version is also involved in immune response and cancer. These two aspects will be elaborated on later. ... The cytoplasmic HSP60 forms a complex with proteins responsible for apoptosis and regulates the activity of these proteins. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GroEL
GranulocyteGranulocyte
... which has neutrally staining cytoplasmic granules.[citation needed] Neutrophils are normally found in the bloodstream and are ... Neutrophils have two types of granules; primary (azurophilic) granules (found in young cells) and secondary (specific) granules ... The cytoplasm of basophils contains a varied amount of granules; these granules are usually numerous enough to partially ... The intracellular granules of the human neutrophil have long been recognized for their protein-destroying and bactericidal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granulocyte
Inclusion (cell)Inclusion (cell)
... pigment granules in certain cells of skin and hair, and crystals of various types. Cytoplasmic inclusions are an example of a ... Examples of inclusions are glycogen granules in the liver and muscle cells, lipid droplets in fat cells, ... Inclusions are stored nutrients/deutoplasmic substances, secretory products, and pigment granules. ... and free in cytoplasmic matrix. Pigments: The most common pigment in the body, besides hemoglobin of red blood cells is melanin ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_(cell)
SurvivinSurvivin
... -2B by itself, localized to both nuclear and cytoplasmic compartments whereas survivin-deltaEx3 localized only in the ... proteins presented on the surface of tumour cells and vasculature and then releasing granules that induce the tumour cells to ... Stauber RH, Mann W, Knauer SK (2007). "Nuclear and cytoplasmic survivin: molecular mechanism, prognostic, and therapeutic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Survivin
Z-DNAZ-DNA
"Enrichment of Zα domains at cytoplasmic stress granules is due to their innate ability to bind to nucleic acids". Journal of ... Zα domains are demonstrated to localize at the stress granules because of their innate ability in binding nucleic acid. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z-DNA
Basal bodyBasal body
A basal body (synonymous with basal granule, kinetosome, and in older cytological literature with blepharoplast) is a protein ... First, basal bodies have basal feet, which are anchored to cytoplasmic microtubules and are necessary for polarized alignment ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_body
CAPRIN2CAPRIN2
Shiina N, Tokunaga M (2010). "RNA granule protein 140 (RNG140), a paralog of RNG105 localized to distinct RNA granules in ... 2004). "Activation/division of lymphocytes results in increased levels of cytoplasmic activation/proliferation-associated ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAPRIN2
Adsorbable organic halidesAdsorbable organic halides
The PCE-RDase is normally found freely in cytoplasm while the TCE-RDase is found attached to the exterior cytoplasmic membrane ... formation by ozonation and two-step granule activated carbon (GAC) filtration". Water Science and Technology. 40 (9): 249-256. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adsorbable_organic_halides
Parathyroid hormoneParathyroid hormone
... this high cytoplasmic calcium concentration inhibits the fusion of vesicles containing granules of preformed PTH with the ... Hence a high extracellular calcium concentration leads to an increase in the cytoplasmic calcium concentration. In contrast to ... these two messengers result in a release of calcium from intracellular stores into the cytoplasmic space. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parathyroid_hormone
LymphoblastLymphoblast
... and an absence of cytoplasmic granules. However these morphologic distinctions are not absolute and a definitive diagnosis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphoblast
P-bodiesP-bodies
in 1997, in which they describe "small granules… discrete, prominent foci" as the cytoplasmic location of the mouse ... "Stress-dependent relocalization of translationally primed mRNPs to cytoplasmic granules that are kinetically and spatially ... June 2005). "Stress granules and processing bodies are dynamically linked sites of mRNP remodeling". The Journal of Cell ... Cougot N, Babajko S, Séraphin B (April 2004). "Cytoplasmic foci are sites of mRNA decay in human cells". The Journal of Cell ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-bodies
Congenital Self-Healing Reticulohistiocytosis Differential DiagnosesCongenital Self-Healing Reticulohistiocytosis Differential Diagnoses
... disorder of Langerhans cells that stain immunohistochemically with S-100 and CD-1a and demonstrate cytoplasmic Birbeck granules ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1336764-differential
ATPase-Modulated Stress Granules Contain a Diverse Proteome and SubstructureATPase-Modulated Stress Granules Contain a Diverse Proteome and Substructure
Super-resolution microscopy reveals stable substructures, referred to as cores, within stress granules that can be purified … ... and they are related to pathological granules in various neurodegenerative diseases. ... Stress granules are mRNA-protein granules that form when translation initiation is limited, ... Cytoplasmic Granules / chemistry* * Cytoplasmic Granules / metabolism * DEAD-box RNA Helicases / analysis * Humans ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26777405/?dopt=Abstract
NUFIP2 nuclear FMR1 interacting protein 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBINUFIP2 nuclear FMR1 interacting protein 2 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
is_active_in cytoplasmic stress granule IBA Inferred from Biological aspect of Ancestor. more info ... Located in cytoplasmic stress granule; cytosol; and nuclear body. Part of polysomal ribosome. [provided by Alliance of Genome ... located_in cytoplasmic stress granule IDA Inferred from Direct Assay. more info ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/57532
Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)Advanced Search Results - Public Health Image Library(PHIL)
Categories: Cytoplasmic Granules Image Types: Photo, Illustrations, Video, Color, Black&White, PublicDomain, ...
https://phil.cdc.gov/AdvancedSearchResults.aspx?Search=Cytoplasmic+Granules&parentid=38165&catid=7622
Science of Childhood Cancer Lecture Series - St. Jude Childrens Research HospitalScience of Childhood Cancer Lecture Series - St. Jude Children's Research Hospital
A New Model of Oncogenic Kinase Signaling via Membraneless Cytoplasmic Protein Granules. Trever Bivona, MD, PhD. Professor of ...
https://www.stjude.org/education-training/advanced-training/seminars-symposia/science-of-childhood-cancer-series.html
Immunopathogenesis of Allergic Disorders: Current ConceptsImmunopathogenesis of Allergic Disorders: Current Concepts
On activation, the mast cells release three classes of biologically active products: those stored in cytoplasmic granules; ... During degranulation, the membrane of mast cell granules fuses with the plasma membrane and exposes the contents into the ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/780614_5
Cervicitis: Practice Essentials, Etiology, EpidemiologyCervicitis: Practice Essentials, Etiology, Epidemiology
... wrinkled nucleus surrounded by a clear cytoplasmic halo. ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/253402-overview
Ketamine activates adult-born immature granule neurons to rapidly alleviate depression-like behaviors in mice | Nature...Ketamine activates adult-born immature granule neurons to rapidly alleviate depression-like behaviors in mice | Nature...
Here, we demonstrate that activity of adult-born immature granule neurons (ABINs) in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus is ... i-m Representative IHC of EGR1+ (magenta, nuclear) and HA+ (green, cytoplasmic) colocalization. White arrows indicate ... 2: Selectively silencing adult-born immature granule neurons (ABINs) blocks the acute effects of ketamine.. ... Tao, X., Sun, N. & Mu, Y. Development of depotentiation in adult-born dentate granule cells. Front. Cell Dev. Biol. 7, 236 ( ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-30386-5?trigger_link=dBgLD4ac9MBBrGcEVf3t&error=cookies_not_supported&code=6a8733bf-85e3-4226-94c9-073f7da2cb88
NIOSHTIC-2 Search Results - Full View
Chediak-Higashi Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, PathophysiologyChediak-Higashi Syndrome: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
These granules are specific to CHS, and their presence in granulocytes from peripheral blood and bone marrow is the basis of ... and fusion of cytoplasmic vesicles. The abnormalities observed in these vesicles result in grossly enlarged and nonfunctional ... Mutations of this gene result in a defect in granule morphogenesis in multiple tissues. The gene encodes a protein called the ... 5, 8, 9] Although defects in cytotoxic T-cell lytic secretory granule secretion and neutrophil phagocytosis are suggested to ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/1114607-191869/what-is-the-prevalence-of-chdiak-higashi-syndrome-chs
Chikungunya Fever, Hong Kong - Volume 12, Number 11-November 2006 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDCChikungunya Fever, Hong Kong - Volume 12, Number 11-November 2006 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
... apple-green fluorescent cytoplasmic granules). ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/11/06-0574_article
Rab5a GTPase regulates fusion between pathogen-containing phagosomes and cytoplasmic organelles in human neutrophils | Journal...Rab5a GTPase regulates fusion between pathogen-containing phagosomes and cytoplasmic organelles in human neutrophils | Journal...
... azurophil granules), lactoferrin (secondary granules) and LAMP-1 (late endosomes) proteins. (B) Antisense- or sense-treated ... azurophil granules), lactoferrin (secondary granules) and LAMP-1 (late endosomes) proteins. (B) Antisense- or sense-treated ... indicating a limitation of fusion between MCP and azurophil granules(Fig. 3). Azurophil granules contain numerous lysosomal ... Association of endosomal/granule markers and cytosolic proteins with the MCPv, MCPa and SCP. Neutropils (4×108 cells) were ...
https://journals.biologists.com/jcs/article/115/6/1321/2835/Rab5a-GTPase-regulates-fusion-between-pathogen
Frontiers | The TSC Complex-mTORC1 Axis: From Lysosomes to Stress Granules and BackFrontiers | The TSC Complex-mTORC1 Axis: From Lysosomes to Stress Granules and Back
mTORC1 is also inhibited by stress granules (SGs), RNA-protein assemblies that dissociate mTORC1. The mechanisms of lysosome ... mTORC1 is also inhibited by stress granules (SGs), RNA-protein assemblies that dissociate mTORC1. The mechanisms of lysosomal ... White, J. P., Cardenas, A. M., Marissen, W. E., and Lloyd, R. E. (2007). Inhibition of cytoplasmic mRNA stress granule ... The TSC Complex-mTORC1 Axis: From Lysosomes to Stress Granules and Back. Ulrike Rehbein1, Mirja Tamara Prentzell2,3, Marti ...
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.751892/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field=&journalName=Frontiers_in_Cell_and_Developmental_Biology&id=751892
Publications from CCI Users and Staff | University of GothenburgPublications from CCI Users and Staff | University of Gothenburg
Cellular stress induces cytoplasmic RNA granules in fission yeast.. Nilsson D, Sunnerhagen P.. RNA. 2011 Jan;17(1):120-33. ... Anomalous subdiffusion is a measure for cytoplasmic crowding in living cells. Weiss M, Elsner M, Kartberg F, Nilsson T. ... Trillo-Muyo, S., Nilsson, H. E., Recktenwald, C. V., Ermund, A., Ridley, C., Meiss, L. N., . . . Hansson, G. C. (2018). Granule ... tubulin and the proteasome in the cytoplasmic droplet/Hermes body of epididymal sperm.. Au CE, Hermo L, Byrne E, Smirle J, ...
https://www.gu.se/en/core-facilities/centre-for-cellular-imaging/publications-from-cci-users-and-staff
Microbodies | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystMicrobodies | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Cytoplasmic Structures [A11.284.430.214.190]. *Cytoplasmic Granules [A11.284.430.214.190.500]. *Microbodies [A11.284.430.214. ... Electron-dense cytoplasmic particles bounded by a single membrane, such as PEROXISOMES; GLYOXYSOMES; and glycosomes. ... Relationship of GW/P-bodies with stress granules. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2013; 768:197-211. ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Microbodies
Anti-APP-1 antibody (ab220832) | AbcamAnti-APP-1 antibody (ab220832) | Abcam
Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs.. * Target information above from: UniProt accession ... May be involved in cytoplasmic regulatory processes of mRNA metabolism. Can probably bind to cytoplasmic RNA sequences other ...
https://www.abcam.com/app-1-antibody-ab220832.html
Scleritis and Episcleritis: Associated Diseases and Diagnostic EvaluationScleritis and Episcleritis: Associated Diseases and Diagnostic Evaluation
Specifically, ANCAs are antibodies directed against cytoplasmic azurophilic granules of neutrophils and monocytes. These ... The cytoplasmic pattern, or c-ANCA, is both sensitive and specific for Wegener granulomatosis. The perinuclear pattern, or p- ... and antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) testing. ANCAs are specific markers for a group of related systemic vasculitides ...
https://www.aao.org/focalpointssnippetdetail.aspx?id=fb9ffdf5-028a-40e4-9281-7a6a3b2319aa
FITC anti-human Perforin Antibody anti-Perforin - dG9FITC anti-human Perforin Antibody anti-Perforin - dG9
Perforin is a 70 kD cytolytic protein that is expressed in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and ... CTL, NK (cytoplasmic granules). Function Mediates targeted cell lysis Cell Type NK cells, T cells Biology Area Cell Biology, ... Perforin is a 70 kD cytolytic protein that is expressed in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and ... Purified granules from the human lymphoma cell line Formulation Phosphate-buffered solution, pH 7.2, containing 0.09% sodium ...
https://www.biolegend.com/de-de/products/fitc-anti-human-perforin-antibody-884
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Red Thread across Neurodegenerative DiseasesIJMS | Free Full-Text | Mitochondrial Dysfunctions: A Red Thread across Neurodegenerative Diseases
Interactions between mitochondrial bioenergetics and cytoplasmic calcium in cultured cerebellar granule cells. Cell Calcium ... Drago, I.; De Stefani, D.; Rizzuto, R.; Pozzan, T. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake contributes to buffering cytoplasmic Ca2+ peaks in ...
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/10/3719
DHX9 protein expression summary - The Human Protein AtlasDHX9 protein expression summary - The Human Protein Atlas
GO:0097165 [nuclear stress granule]. GO:1903608 [protein localization to cytoplasmic stress granule]. GO:1904973 [positive ... GO:0036464 [cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein granule]. GO:0039695 [DNA-templated viral transcription]. GO:0042788 [polysomal ... GO:2000765 [regulation of cytoplasmic translation]. GO:2000767 [positive regulation of cytoplasmic translation]. ... Component of the coding region determinant (CRD)-mediated complex that promotes cytoplasmic MYC mRNA stability 39. Plays a role ...
http://www.proteinatlas.org/ENSG00000135829-DHX9
Cytoplasmic foci are sites of mRNA decay in human cells | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University PressCytoplasmic foci are sites of mRNA decay in human cells | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller University Press
Survey of the bibliography shows that stress granules have a very similar distribution. Stress granules are cytoplasmic ... Other cytoplasmic structures related to RNA metabolism have been identified in specific cells, such as polar granules in ... A phosphorylated cytoplasmic autoantigen, GW182, associates with a unique population of human mRNAs within novel cytoplasmic ... A phosphorylated cytoplasmic autoantigen, GW182, associates with a unique population of human mRNAs within novel cytoplasmic ...
https://rupress.org/jcb/article/165/1/31/33917/Cytoplasmic-foci-are-sites-of-mRNA-decay-in-human
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Increased Level of FGF-23 in a Patient with a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor at the Tibia...Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia: Increased Level of FGF-23 in a Patient with a Phosphaturic Mesenchymal Tumor at the Tibia...
... a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor with a multifocal giant cell component and evidence of neurosecretory-granules. ... b) The granules resemble neurosecretory granules, diameter approx. 200 nm (not typical "dense core" granules), orig. mag. × ... The cells displayed some short RER profiles, few mitochondria, dispersed cytoplasmic filaments of intermediate type; in some of ... In terms of ultrastructural features, neurosecretory granules were found similar to a neuroendocrine tumor [9, 29-31]. However ...
https://www.hindawi.com/journals/crie/2014/729387/
Magnar Bjørås - Institute of Clinical MedicineMagnar Bjørås - Institute of Clinical Medicine
Regulation of Human Endonuclease V Activity and Relocalization to Cytoplasmic Stress Granules. Journal of Biological Chemistry ...
https://www.med.uio.no/klinmed/english/people/aca/magnarb/index.html
Publikationen - Biotechnologisches Zentrum (BIOTEC) - TU DresdenPublikationen - Biotechnologisches Zentrum (BIOTEC) - TU Dresden
The Nuclear SUMO-Targeted Ubiquitin Quality Control Network Regulates the Dynamics of Cytoplasmic Stress Granules. ... BAG3 and BAG6 differentially affect the dynamics of stress granules by targeting distinct subsets of defective polypeptides ... Hsp90-mediated regulation of DYRK3 couples stress granule disassembly and growth via mTORC1 signaling. ... RNA-Induced Conformational Switching and Clustering of G3BP Drive Stress Granule Assembly by Condensation. ...
https://tu-dresden.de/cmcb/biotec/forschungsgruppen/alberti/publications/publications?set_language=de
T cell costimulation by fractalkine-expressing synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis - Fingerprint - Mayo Clinic
Cytoplasmic Granules 7% * Synovitis 6% * Chemokine Receptors 5% * Antigen-Presenting Cells 5% ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/t-cell-costimulation-by-fractalkine-expressing-synoviocytes-in-rh/fingerprints/
Unraveling the mysteries of centriolar satellites: time to rewrite the textbooks about the centrosome/cilium complex |...Unraveling the mysteries of centriolar satellites: time to rewrite the textbooks about the centrosome/cilium complex |...
Centriolar satellites are membraneless granules that localize and move around centrosomes and cilia. Once referred to as ... Mitotic satellite dissolution is reflected as an increase in their cytoplasmic pool and decrease in the number of granules. ... suggesting that satellite granules might be spatially organized like the pericentriolar material or stress granules (Luders, ... de Thé G (1964). Cytoplasmic microtubules in different animals. J Cell Biol 23, 265-275 Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar ...
https://www.molbiolcell.org/doi/10.1091/mbc.E19-07-0402
Varginha Case: New RevelationsVarginha Case: New Revelations
In the hemogram sent by the laboratory of Bom Pastor, it is said: Presence of cytoplasmic vacuoles. Presence of 8% of thin ... toxic granules in the neutrophils. Discret polikilocytosis . How can you, as a physician, interpret the presence of 8% of those ...
https://www.ufocasebook.com/varginhanew.html
Medical Science Monitor | Editorial: Recent Approval of Sotorasib as the First Targeted Therapy for KRAS G12C-Mutated Advanced...Medical Science Monitor | Editorial: Recent Approval of Sotorasib as the First Targeted Therapy for KRAS G12C-Mutated Advanced...
9. Tulpule A, Guan J, Neel DS, Kinase-mediated RAS signaling via membraneless cytoplasmic protein granules: Cell, 2021; 184; ...
https://medscimonit.com/abstract/full/idArt/938746
Tim Stearns' Profile | Stanford Profiles
The centriolar satellite component PCM-1 colocalized with centrosomal components in cytoplasmic granules surrounding nascent ... The behavior of cytoplasmic microtubules revealed distinct interactions with the cell cortex that result in associated spindle ... Mutations in alpha-tubulin that disrupt the interaction with Alf1p map to a domain on the cytoplasmic face of alpha-tubulin; ... gamma-Tubulin also exists as part of a cytoplasmic complex whose size and complexity varies in different organisms. To ...
https://profiles.stanford.edu/tim-stearns
SecretoryMembraneNeurosecretory-granulesProteinMediatorsAzurophil granulesIntracellularVacuolesDenseNeutrophilsSecondary granulesMast CellsCellsMRNAMRNAsNucleiMaturationMicroscopyNucleusStructuresSubsetsMTORC1StressCentriolarCompartmentData indicateSerotoninClinicalDemonstrateSizeActive
Secretory4
  • The CHS gene affects the synthesis and/or maintenance of storage/secretory granules in various types of cells. (medscape.com)
  • As maturation progressed, distinct secretory apparatus appeared to transform into cortical granules that clustered underneath the oocyte's surface. (muni.cz)
  • Protein A binds specifically to the Fc part of the IgG molecule, and thus the ACTH-containing secretory granules became labelled with electron-dense gold particles. (leedstrinity.ac.uk)
  • With this method, the dissociated porcine ACTH cells was identified as containing numerous round or ovoid 170--300 nm secretory granules. (leedstrinity.ac.uk)
Membrane4
  • During degranulation, the membrane of mast cell granules fuses with the plasma membrane and exposes the contents into the external environment. (medscape.com)
  • The subcellular distribution of the proteins Rab5a and syntaxin-4 suggested a role in docking of granules and/or endosomes to the target membrane in the neutrophil. (biologists.com)
  • Large numbers of membrane coaling granules (MCG) emerged in the 1 h specimens. (cdc.gov)
  • Direct host-parasite interaction occurs at the cytoplasmic faces of the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) and the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane via GRA3 and host CAMLG association. (joplink.net)
Neurosecretory-granules2
  • Electron microscopy demonstrated a poorly differentiated mesenchymal tumor with a multifocal giant cell component and evidence of neurosecretory-granules. (hindawi.com)
  • They identified cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules in the tumor cells, which led them to suggest that these tumors are derived from the neural crest and are of neuroendocrine nature and differentiation. (medscape.com)
Protein9
  • Stress granules are mRNA-protein granules that form when translation initiation is limited, and they are related to pathological granules in various neurodegenerative diseases. (nih.gov)
  • Proteomic analysis of stress granule cores reveals a dense network of protein-protein interactions and links between stress granules and human diseases and identifies ATP-dependent helicases and protein remodelers as conserved stress granule components. (nih.gov)
  • Our observations suggest that stress granules contain a stable core structure surrounded by a dynamic shell with assembly, disassembly, and transitions between the core and shell modulated by numerous protein and RNA remodeling complexes. (nih.gov)
  • mTORC1 is also inhibited by stress granules (SGs), RNA-protein assemblies that dissociate mTORC1. (frontiersin.org)
  • Perforin is a 70 kD cytolytic protein that is expressed in the cytoplasmic granules of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. (biolegend.com)
  • These cause MC exocytosis by directly activating Gi3, a pertussis toxin-sensitive Gi protein that controls granule movement [ 11 , 12 ]. (ispub.com)
  • Both indomethacin and naproxen failed to inhibit specific granule protein release. (jci.org)
  • Post-transcriptional control also involves cytoplasmic RNA granules (e.g. processing bodies or stress granules) - RNA/protein-containing structures that are associated with regulating RNA degradation or translational arrest. (uni-halle.de)
  • We, recently, reported the Arabidopsis thaliana Tandem Zinc Finger protein 9 (TZF9) to be an RNA-binding protein co-localizing with components of RNA granules. (uni-halle.de)
Mediators2
  • Have granules with histaminases and acrylsulphatases,down regulators of inflamatory mediators histamines and leukotrienes respectively. (kupdf.net)
  • They are also able to secrete additional mediators, which are not performed by their granules such as interleukins (IL) 5 . (bvsalud.org)
Azurophil granules2
  • [ 7 ] In the early stages of neutrophil maturation, normal azurophil granules fuse to form megagranules, whereas, in the later stage (ie, during myelocyte stage), normal granules are formed. (medscape.com)
  • Western blot analysis of phagosomes isolated after internalisation revealed that lactoferrin (a constituent of secondary granules) and LAMP-1 were incorporated into both SCP and MCP, whereas hck(marker of azurophil granules) interacted solely with SCP. (biologists.com)
Intracellular3
  • We investigated fusion between phagosomes containing the intracellular pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis versus the extracellular pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (designated MCP for mycobacteria-containing phagosome and SCP for S. aureus -containing phagosome) and cytoplasmic compartments in human neutrophils. (biologists.com)
  • Clearance of small intestinal crypts involves goblet cell mucus secretion by intracellular granule rupture and enterocyte ion transport. (gu.se)
  • In conclusion, this work improves our understanding of human oocyte morphology, cytoplasmic maturation, and intracellular factors defining human egg quality. (muni.cz)
Vacuoles1
  • Cytoplasmic vacuoles were particularly prominent in the 30-min samples. (cdc.gov)
Dense1
  • Lysosomes of leukocytes and fibroblasts, dense bodies of platelets, azurophilic granules of neutrophils, and melanosomes of melanocytes are generally larger in size and irregular in morphology, indicating that a common pathway in the synthesis of organelles responsible for storage is affected in patients with CHS. (medscape.com)
Neutrophils2
  • Human leukocytic pyrogen induces release of specific granule contents from human neutrophils. (jci.org)
  • Human peripheral blood neutrophils isolated by Ficoll-Hypaque and dextran sedimentation were exposed to purified human LP. The specific granule-associated proteins, lysozyme and lactoferrin were selectively released, whereas primary granule (beta-glucuronidase) and cytoplasmic (lactic dehydrogenase) enzyme markers were not. (jci.org)
Secondary granules1
  • Stain readily at neutral pH Nucleus 3-5 lobed Contain inconspicuous organelles- primary and secondary granules Granules contain lytic enzymes and bactericidal substances Primary granules- peroxidase, lysozyme, defensins and hydrolytic enzymes Secondary granules- collagenase, lactoferrin, lysozymes etc. (kupdf.net)
Mast Cells2
  • BASOPHILS AND MAST CELLS Have basophilic granules, stain bluish black with basic dyes. (kupdf.net)
  • Mast cells are cells that reside in the connective tissue and contain a large number of granules, rich in histamine, heparin, chymase, serotonin, and also cytokines. (bvsalud.org)
Cells5
  • The centrosome consists of a pair of centrioles and pericentriolar material and organizes the cytoplasmic microtubules of most animal cells. (stanford.edu)
  • After exposure to cytotoxin or toxin A of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , the ultrastructure of resting and phagocytosing human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) and of cells of P. aeruginosa strain 1348A was studied by transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electronmicroscopy, and by light microscopy (LM) after histochemical staining of cytoplasmic granules. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • There is also evidence of compact hyperkeratosis in the stratum corneum, an increased number of large keratohyaline granules, and perinuclear vacuolization of the cells in the stratum spinosum and in the stratum granulosum. (cdlib.org)
  • In contrast, memory T cells had similar numbers of P-bodies as naïve T cells, but contained larger GWBs and RCK/p54 granules. (ubc.ca)
  • Conversely, IFN-γ mRNA co-localized with GWBs and RCK/p54 granules in memory T cells. (ubc.ca)
MRNA2
  • May be involved in cytoplasmic regulatory processes of mRNA metabolism. (abcam.com)
  • Processing bodies (P-bodies) are cytoplasmic aggregates that contain translationally-repressed mRNAs in complex with repressor proteins (GW182, RCK/p54, and DCP1a), facilitate mRNA storage or degradation, and can be identified by the αGW-body (GWB) serum that detects several P-body proteins. (ubc.ca)
MRNAs2
  • Note=Localized in cytoplasmic mRNP granules containing untranslated mRNAs. (qedbio.com)
  • The partitioning of mRNAs between a translationally-competent cytoplasmic pool and a translationally-repressed P-body pool could be an important mechanism for dynamically controlling the synthesis of key proteins. (ubc.ca)
Nuclei2
  • In contrast, after exposure to toxin A, PMNL phagocytosed actively, but their cytoplasmic pseudopodia were markedly irregular and their nuclei pyknotic. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Colloidal-gold-labelled cytotoxin showed an affinity for the cytoplasmic membranes, nuclei and granules of PMNL. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Maturation2
  • Despite the profound impact on egg quality, morphological bases of cytoplasmic maturation remain largely unknown. (muni.cz)
  • Based on the generated image dataset, we proposed a morphological map of cytoplasmic maturation, which may serve as a reference for future comparative studies. (muni.cz)
Microscopy3
  • Super-resolution microscopy reveals stable substructures, referred to as cores, within stress granules that can be purified. (nih.gov)
  • Electron microscopy commonly reveals the preservation of desmosomes with evidence of tonofilament clumping, cytoplasmic vacuolation, and variably sized keratohyalin granules [ 4 , 5 ]. (cdlib.org)
  • Using immunoblotting, flow cytometry, and confocal microscopy, I established that T and B lymphocytes contain GWBs and express GW182, RCK/p54, and DCP1a, which are concentrated in cytoplasmic granules. (ubc.ca)
Nucleus1
  • Two lobed nucleus Granules stain red with acidic dyes. (kupdf.net)
Structures3
  • We have previously shown that the human decapping factors hDcp2 and hDcp1a are concentrated in specific cytoplasmic structures. (rupress.org)
  • Functional analysis using fluorescence resonance energy transfer revealed that hDcp1a and hDcp2 interact in vivo in these structures that were shown to differ from the previously described stress granules. (rupress.org)
  • The TZF9-labelled cytoplasmic structures show phosphorylation-dependent disappearance after treatment with pathogen-derived elicitors, and are speculated to be involved in mediating translational control during immunity (see DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14573 ). (uni-halle.de)
Subsets1
  • BAG3 and BAG6 differentially affect the dynamics of stress granules by targeting distinct subsets of defective polypeptides released from ribosomes. (tu-dresden.de)
MTORC11
  • Hsp90-mediated regulation of DYRK3 couples stress granule disassembly and growth via mTORC1 signaling. (tu-dresden.de)
Stress3
  • ATP is required for stress granule assembly and dynamics. (nih.gov)
  • Moreover, multiple ATP-driven machines affect stress granules differently, with the CCT complex inhibiting stress granule assembly, while the MCM and RVB complexes promote stress granule persistence. (nih.gov)
  • Relationship of GW/P-bodies with stress granules. (harvard.edu)
Centriolar1
  • Centriolar satellites are membraneless granules that localize and move around centrosomes and cilia. (molbiolcell.org)
Compartment1
  • Besides chromosome segregation, complex structural and biochemical changes in the cytoplasmic compartment are necessary to confer the female gamete the capacity to undergo normal fertilization and sustain embryonic development. (muni.cz)
Data indicate1
  • These data indicate that the difference in granule fusion is correlated with a difference in the association of Rab5a and syntaxin-4 with the phagosomes. (biologists.com)
Serotonin1
  • Release specific cpds from cytoplasmic granules in response to stimulus Eg-histamines, prostaglandins, serotonin Possess high affinity receptors for one type of AB - IgE, associated with allergic responses. (kupdf.net)
Clinical2
  • CHS was first described over 60 years ago by Beguez-Cesar (1943) in three siblings bearing the main clinical features of neutropenia and abnormal granules in leukocytes. (medscape.com)
  • On close observation you can notice a central ductal opening in each lesion, which is inconsistent with the clinical presentation of Fordyce granules. (bmj.com)
Demonstrate1
  • Here, we demonstrate that activity of adult-born immature granule neurons (ABINs) in the mouse hippocampal dentate gyrus is both necessary and sufficient for the rapid antidepressant effects of ketamine. (nature.com)
Size1
  • In our experience Fordyce granules are permanent, variable in size depending on the state of cytoplasmic engorgement, and considered as a normal variant of the oral cavity. (bmj.com)
Active1
  • EOSINOPHILS Have granules that stain red with eosin Y. Mediate late phase of allergic response, active in immune response to parasites & tumors (antibodydependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity). (kupdf.net)
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