Cytomegalovirus Vaccines
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Vaccines
Vaccines, Inactivated
Viral Vaccines
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis
Vaccines, DNA
Vaccines, Synthetic
Bacterial Vaccines
Muromegalovirus
AIDS Vaccines
Encyclopedias as Topic
Nervous System Diseases
Strong CD8 T-cell responses following coimmunization with plasmids expressing the dominant pp89 and subdominant M84 antigens of murine cytomegalovirus correlate with long-term protection against subsequent viral challenge. (1/64)
We previously showed that intradermal immunization with plasmids expressing the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) protein IE1-pp89 or M84 protects against viral challenge and that coimmunization has a synergistic protective effect (C. S. Morello, L. D. Cranmer, and D. H. Spector, J. Virol. 74:3696-3708, 2000). Using an intracellular gamma interferon cytokine staining assay, we have now characterized the CD8+ T-cell response after DNA immunization with pp89, M84, or pp89 plus M84. The pp89- and M84-specific CD8+ T-cell responses peaked rapidly after three immunizations. DNA immunization and MCMV infection generated similar levels of pp89-specific CD8+ T cells. In contrast, a significantly higher level of M84-specific CD8+ T cells was elicited by DNA immunization than by MCMV infection. Fusion of ubiquitin to pp89 enhanced the CD8+ T-cell response only under conditions where vaccination was suboptimal. Three immunizations with either pp89, M84, or pp89 plus M84 DNA also provided significant protection against MCMV infection for at least 6 months, with the best protection produced by coimmunization. A substantial percentage of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells remained detectable, and they responded rapidly to the MCMV challenge. These results underscore the importance of considering antigens that do not appear to be highly immunogenic during infection as DNA vaccine candidates. (+info)Effect of previous or simultaneous immunization with canarypox expressing cytomegalovirus (CMV) glycoprotein B (gB) on response to subunit gB vaccine plus MF59 in healthy CMV-seronegative adults. (2/64)
Development of a vaccine for prevention of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a priority. This study evaluated a "prime-boost" strategy by comparing the safety and immunogenicity of 3 doses of subunit CMV glycoprotein B (gB) vaccine plus MF59 (a squalene-in-water emulsion), 2 doses of a canarypox recombinant vaccine expressing CMVgB (ALVAC-CMVgB) followed by 2 doses of the subunit gB vaccine, 3 doses of both vaccines administered concomitantly, and placebo in 105 healthy, CMV-seronegative adults. Systemic adverse events were rare, but local reactions were common in all groups. After the first subunit vaccination, neutralizing antibody titers in the prime-boost group were comparable to those in subjects receiving 2 subunit vaccinations, indicating a priming effect of ALVAC-CMVgB. However, after the final dose, antibody and cell-mediated immune responses were not significantly different among the groups. All 3 vaccine regimens induced high-titer antibody and lymphoproliferative responses, but no benefit for priming or simultaneous vaccination was detected. (+info)Development of a vaccine against murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), consisting of plasmid DNA and formalin-inactivated MCMV, that provides long-term, complete protection against viral replication. (3/64)
We previously demonstrated that immunization of mice with plasmid DNAs (pDNAs) expressing the murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) genes IE1-pp89 and M84 provided synergistic protection against sublethal viral challenge, while immunization with plasmids expressing putative virion proteins provided no or inconsistent protection. In this report, we sought to augment protection by increasing the breadth of the immune response. We identified another MCMV gene (m04 encoding gp34) that provided strong and consistent protection against viral replication in the spleen. We also found that immunization with a DNA pool containing 10 MCMV genes that individually were nonprotective elicited reproducible protection against low to intermediate doses of challenge virus. Moreover, inclusion of these plasmids into a mixture with gp34, pp89, and M84 DNAs provided even greater protection than did coimmunization with pp89 and M84. The highest level of protection was achieved by immunization of mice with the pool of 13 pDNAs, followed by formalin-inactivated MCMV (FI-MCMV). Immunization with FI-MCMV elicited neutralizing antibodies against salivary gland-derived MCMV, and of greatest importance, mice immunized with both the combined pDNA pool and FI-MCMV had undetectable levels of virus in the spleen and salivary glands after challenge. Intracellular cytokine staining of splenocytes from pDNA- and FI-MCMV-immunized mice showed that pDNA immunization elicited high levels of pp89- and M83-specific CD8(+) T cells, whereas both pDNA and FI-MCMV immunizations generated strong CD8(+)-T-cell responses against virion-associated antigens. Taken together, these results show that immunization with pDNA and inactivated virus provides strong antibody and cell-mediated immunity against CMV infection. (+info)Intranasal administration of a synthetic lipopeptide without adjuvant induces systemic immune responses. (4/64)
Parenteral injection of a lipopeptide containing a human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) epitope from the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immunodominant matrix protein pp65 efficiently induces systemic CTL responses in HLA-A*0201 transgenic mice. In this study, we demonstrate that intranasal (i.n.) administration of this lipopeptide, covalently linked to a universal T helper (Th) epitope (PADRE), also induces potent systemic CTL responses. Immune responses were substantially reduced when the unlipidated peptide analogue was used (P<0.01). The induced CTL were CD8+, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted and CMV specific. Moreover, i.n. administration of this lipidated peptide elicited both systemic and local mucosal CD4+ T-cell proliferative responses, as well as antigen-specific delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) immune responses. In contrast, mice receiving the unlipidated peptide analogue developed substantially reduced Th or DTH responses (P<0.05). These results highlight the usefulness and potential of lipopeptides delivered via mucosal routes as painless, safe, and non-invasive vaccines. (+info)Diagnosis and management of human cytomegalovirus infection in the mother, fetus, and newborn infant. (5/64)
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading cause of congenital viral infection and mental retardation. HCMV infection, while causing asymptomatic infections in most immunocompetent subjects, can be transmitted during pregnancy from the mother with primary (and also recurrent) infection to the fetus. Hence, careful diagnosis of primary infection is required in the pregnant woman based on the most sensitive serologic assays (immunoglobulin M [IgM] and IgG avidity assays) and conventional virologic and molecular procedures for virus detection in blood. Maternal prognostic markers of fetal infection are still under investigation. If primary infection is diagnosed in a timely manner, prenatal diagnosis can be offered, including the search for virus and virus components in fetal blood and amniotic fluid, with fetal prognostic markers of HCMV disease still to be defined. However, the final step for definite diagnosis of congenital HCMV infection is detection of virus in the blood or urine in the first 1 to 2 weeks of life. To date, treatment of congenital infection with antiviral drugs is only palliative both prior to and after birth, whereas the only efficacious preventive measure seems to be the development of a safe and immunogenic vaccine, including recombinant, subunit, DNA, and peptide-based vaccines now under investigation. The following controversial issues are discussed in the light of the most recent advances in the field: the actual perception of the problem; universal serologic screening before pregnancy; the impact of correct counseling on decision making by the couple involved; the role of prenatal diagnosis in ascertaining transmission of virus to the fetus; the impact of preconceptional and periconceptional infections on the prevalence of congenital infection; and the prevalence of congenitally infected babies born to mothers who were immune prior to pregnancy compared to the number born to mothers undergoing primary infection during pregnancy. (+info)Preclinical development of an adjuvant-free peptide vaccine with activity against CMV pp65 in HLA transgenic mice. (6/64)
Epitope vaccines have shown promise for inducing cellular immune responses in animal models of infectious disease. In cases where cellular immunity was augmented, peptide vaccines composed of covalently linked minimal cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) and T-helper (T(H)) epitopes generally showed the most efficacy. To address a clinical vaccine strategy for cytomegalovirus (CMV) in the context of HCT (hematopoietic cell transplantation), we observed that linking the synthetically derived pan-DR epitope peptide (PADRE) or one of several tetanus T(H) epitopes to the immunodominant human leukocyte antigen (HLA) A*0201-restricted CTL epitope from CMV-pp65 to create a fusion peptide caused robust cytotoxic cellular immune responses in HLA A*0201/K(b) transgenic mice. Significantly, the fusion peptides are immunogenic when administered in saline solution by either subcutaneous or intranasal routes. CpG-containing single-stranded DNA (ss-oligodeoxynucleotide [ODN]) added to the fusion peptides dramatically up-regulated immune recognition by either route. Notably, target cells that either expressed full-length pp65 protein from vaccinia viruses or were sensitized with the CTL epitope encoded in the vaccine were recognized by splenic effectors from immunized animals. Visualization of murine peptide-specific CTL by flow cytometry was accomplished using an HLA A*0201 tetramer complexed with the pp65(495-503) CTL epitope. T(H)-CTL epitope fusion peptides in combination with CpG ss-ODN represent a new strategy for parenteral or mucosal delivery of vaccines in a safe and effective manner that has applicability for control or prophylaxis of infectious disease, especially in situations such as vaccination of donors or recipients of HCT, where highly inflammatory adjuvants are not desired. (+info)Induction of HLA-G-restricted human cytomegalovirus pp65 (UL83)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in HLA-G transgenic mice. (7/64)
The non-classical major histocompatibility complex class I molecule HLA-G is expressed mainly by extravillous trophoblasts at the materno-foetal interface. HLA-G has been found to bind endogenously processed nonameric peptides but its function as a restriction element for a cytotoxic T cell response to viruses with tropism for trophoblastic cells has never been demonstrated. In this study, candidate viral peptides derived from human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pp65 (UL83), which stabilized the HLA-G molecule on HLA-G-transfected T2 cells, were identified. The specific anti-pp65 cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response restricted by HLA-G in triple transgenic mice (HLA-G, human beta2m, human CD8alpha) was then investigated by injection of dendritic cells loaded with synthetic pp65-derived peptides or by infection with canarypox virus expressing pp65. Results showed that CTLs from HLA-G mice have the capacity to kill target cells either infected with recombinant vaccinia viruses expressing pp65 or loaded with specific pp65-derived peptides using HLA-G as an antigen-presenting molecule. It was also demonstrated that these HLA-G-restricted pp65-specific T cells are able to kill the human astrocytoma cell line U373, which was transfected with HLA-G and infected with HCMV. Moreover, using HLA-G tetramers refolded with a synthetic pp65-derived peptide, peptide-specific CD8(+) cells restricted by HLA-G have been detected in vivo. These findings provide the first evidence that HLA-G can select anti-HCMV-restricted CTLs in vivo, although the potency of this cytolytic response is limited (20-25 %). The weak HLA-G-restricted anti-HCMV response is probably due to HLA-G-mediated inhibitory signals on the development of an antiviral CTL response. (+info)Protection against congenital cytomegalovirus infection and disease in guinea pigs, conferred by a purified recombinant glycoprotein B vaccine. (8/64)
Glycoprotein B (gB) has emerged as a subunit-vaccine candidate for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, a major public health problem. The present study evaluated a cloned, recombinant gB vaccine in the guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) model of congenital infection. Guinea pigs were immunized with gB, which was coadministered with either Freund's adjuvant or alum. All gB-immunized dams had enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assay and neutralizing-antibody responses, with significantly higher titers in the gB/Freund's group. Pregnant dams were challenged with GPCMV subcutaneously during the 3rd trimester. Maternal DNAemia on day 10 after infection trended lower in gB-immunized dams than in control animals, with significant reductions in the gB/Freund's group. Vaccination resulted in a highly significant reduction in pup mortality. For the gB-vaccine groups, pup mortality was significantly lower, and reduced rates of GPCMV transmission were noted, for dams immunized with gB and Freund's adjuvant, compared with dams immunized with gB and alum. These are the first data indicating that a recombinant gB vaccine protects against congenital CMV infection and disease. (+info)Cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccines are medical products being developed to prevent or ameliorate infection and disease caused by the human cytomegalovirus. CMV is a type of herpesvirus that can cause serious health problems in people with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing organ transplantation, people living with HIV/AIDS, and newborns infected with the virus before birth (congenital CMV infection).
There are currently no approved vaccines for CMV. However, several vaccine candidates are being investigated in clinical trials to evaluate their safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy. These vaccine candidates use various approaches, such as:
1. Live-attenuated viruses: These vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus that can stimulate an immune response without causing disease. An example is the Towne vaccine, which has been studied in clinical trials for several decades.
2. Recombinant proteins: These vaccines use specific viral proteins to induce an immune response. For instance, a glycoprotein B (gB) subunit vaccine has shown promising results in phase II clinical trials.
3. Virus-like particles (VLPs): VLPs mimic the structure of the virus but do not contain any viral genetic material. They can be used to induce an immune response without causing infection.
4. DNA vaccines: These vaccines use plasmids containing CMV genes to stimulate an immune response. A DNA vaccine encoding the CMV phosphoprotein 65 (pp65) has been tested in clinical trials.
5. mRNA vaccines: Similar to DNA vaccines, mRNA vaccines use genetic material to induce an immune response. Moderna Therapeutics is developing an mRNA vaccine candidate for CMV.
The development of a safe and effective CMV vaccine remains a significant public health priority, as CMV infection can lead to severe complications in vulnerable populations.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a type of herpesvirus that can cause infection in humans. It is characterized by the enlargement of infected cells (cytomegaly) and is typically transmitted through close contact with an infected person, such as through saliva, urine, breast milk, or sexual contact.
CMV infection can also be acquired through organ transplantation, blood transfusions, or during pregnancy from mother to fetus. While many people infected with CMV experience no symptoms, it can cause serious complications in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing cancer treatment or those who have HIV/AIDS.
In newborns, congenital CMV infection can lead to hearing loss, vision problems, and developmental delays. Pregnant women who become infected with CMV for the first time during pregnancy are at higher risk of transmitting the virus to their unborn child. There is no cure for CMV, but antiviral medications can help manage symptoms and reduce the risk of complications in severe cases.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are caused by the human herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5), a type of herpesvirus. The infection can affect people of all ages, but it is more common in individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who have undergone organ transplantation.
CMV can be spread through close contact with an infected person's saliva, urine, blood, tears, semen, or breast milk. It can also be spread through sexual contact or by sharing contaminated objects, such as toys, eating utensils, or drinking glasses. Once a person is infected with CMV, the virus remains in their body for life and can reactivate later, causing symptoms to recur.
Most people who are infected with CMV do not experience any symptoms, but some may develop a mononucleosis-like illness, characterized by fever, fatigue, swollen glands, and sore throat. In people with weakened immune systems, CMV infections can cause more severe symptoms, including pneumonia, gastrointestinal disease, retinitis, and encephalitis.
Congenital CMV infection occurs when a pregnant woman passes the virus to her fetus through the placenta. This can lead to serious complications, such as hearing loss, vision loss, developmental delays, and mental disability.
Diagnosis of CMV infections is typically made through blood tests or by detecting the virus in bodily fluids, such as urine or saliva. Treatment depends on the severity of the infection and the patient's overall health. Antiviral medications may be prescribed to help manage symptoms and prevent complications.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. It typically contains an agent that resembles the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it encounters in the future.
Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight disease that is already present). The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccinations are generally administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
The term "vaccine" comes from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of cowpox to create immunity to smallpox. The first successful vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner, who showed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox. He reasoned that exposure to cowpox protected against smallpox and tested his theory by injecting a boy with pus from a cowpox sore and then exposing him to smallpox, which the boy did not contract. The word "vaccine" is derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 during a conversation with a fellow physician and later in the title of his 1801 Inquiry.
Inactivated vaccines, also known as killed or non-live vaccines, are created by using a version of the virus or bacteria that has been grown in a laboratory and then killed or inactivated with chemicals, heat, or radiation. This process renders the organism unable to cause disease, but still capable of stimulating an immune response when introduced into the body.
Inactivated vaccines are generally considered safer than live attenuated vaccines since they cannot revert back to a virulent form and cause illness. However, they may require multiple doses or booster shots to maintain immunity because the immune response generated by inactivated vaccines is not as robust as that produced by live vaccines. Examples of inactivated vaccines include those for hepatitis A, rabies, and influenza (inactivated flu vaccine).
A viral vaccine is a biological preparation that introduces your body to a specific virus in a way that helps your immune system build up protection against the virus without causing the illness. Viral vaccines can be made from weakened or inactivated forms of the virus, or parts of the virus such as proteins or sugars. Once introduced to the body, the immune system recognizes the virus as foreign and produces an immune response, including the production of antibodies. These antibodies remain in the body and provide immunity against future infection with that specific virus.
Viral vaccines are important tools for preventing infectious diseases caused by viruses, such as influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, polio, hepatitis A and B, rabies, rotavirus, chickenpox, shingles, and some types of cancer. Vaccination programs have led to the control or elimination of many infectious diseases that were once common.
It's important to note that viral vaccines are not effective against bacterial infections, and separate vaccines must be developed for each type of virus. Additionally, because viruses can mutate over time, it is necessary to update some viral vaccines periodically to ensure continued protection.
Cytomegalovirus retinitis is a sight-threatening eye infection that affects the retina, which is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. It is caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV), a type of herpesvirus that can remain inactive in the body for years after initial infection.
In people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or those who have undergone organ transplantation, CMV can reactivate and cause serious complications. When it infects the retina, it can cause inflammation, hemorrhage, and necrosis (cell death), leading to vision loss.
Symptoms of CMV retinitis may include floaters, blurred vision, blind spots, or loss of peripheral vision. If left untreated, the infection can spread to other parts of the eye and cause further damage. Treatment typically involves antiviral medications that are given intravenously or in the form of eye drops. In some cases, laser surgery may be necessary to prevent the spread of the infection.
I could not find a specific medical definition for "Vaccines, DNA." However, I can provide you with some information about DNA vaccines.
DNA vaccines are a type of vaccine that uses genetically engineered DNA to stimulate an immune response in the body. They work by introducing a small piece of DNA into the body that contains the genetic code for a specific antigen (a substance that triggers an immune response). The cells of the body then use this DNA to produce the antigen, which prompts the immune system to recognize and attack it.
DNA vaccines have several advantages over traditional vaccines. They are relatively easy to produce, can be stored at room temperature, and can be designed to protect against a wide range of diseases. Additionally, because they use DNA to stimulate an immune response, DNA vaccines do not require the growth and culture of viruses or bacteria, which can make them safer than traditional vaccines.
DNA vaccines are still in the experimental stages, and more research is needed to determine their safety and effectiveness. However, they have shown promise in animal studies and are being investigated as a potential tool for preventing a variety of infectious diseases, including influenza, HIV, and cancer.
Synthetic vaccines are artificially produced, designed to stimulate an immune response and provide protection against specific diseases. Unlike traditional vaccines that are derived from weakened or killed pathogens, synthetic vaccines are created using synthetic components, such as synthesized viral proteins, DNA, or RNA. These components mimic the disease-causing agent and trigger an immune response without causing the actual disease. The use of synthetic vaccines offers advantages in terms of safety, consistency, and scalability in production, making them valuable tools for preventing infectious diseases.
Combined vaccines are defined in medical terms as vaccines that contain two or more antigens from different diseases, which are given to provide protection against multiple diseases at the same time. This approach reduces the number of injections required and simplifies the immunization schedule, especially during early childhood. Examples of combined vaccines include:
1. DTaP-Hib-IPV (e.g., Pentacel): A vaccine that combines diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, and poliovirus components in one injection to protect against these five diseases.
2. MMRV (e.g., ProQuad): A vaccine that combines measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella (chickenpox) antigens in a single injection to provide immunity against all four diseases.
3. HepA-HepB (e.g., Twinrix): A vaccine that combines hepatitis A and hepatitis B antigens in one injection, providing protection against both types of hepatitis.
4. MenACWY-TT (e.g., MenQuadfi): A vaccine that combines four serogroups of meningococcal bacteria (A, C, W, Y) with tetanus toxoid as a carrier protein in one injection for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by these serogroups.
5. PCV13-PPSV23 (e.g., Vaxneuvance): A vaccine that combines 13 pneumococcal serotypes with PPSV23, providing protection against a broader range of pneumococcal diseases in adults aged 18 years and older.
Combined vaccines have been thoroughly tested for safety and efficacy to ensure they provide a strong immune response and an acceptable safety profile. They are essential tools in preventing various infectious diseases and improving overall public health.
Bacterial vaccines are types of vaccines that are created using bacteria or parts of bacteria as the immunogen, which is the substance that triggers an immune response in the body. The purpose of a bacterial vaccine is to stimulate the immune system to develop protection against specific bacterial infections.
There are several types of bacterial vaccines, including:
1. Inactivated or killed whole-cell vaccines: These vaccines contain entire bacteria that have been killed or inactivated through various methods, such as heat or chemicals. The bacteria can no longer cause disease, but they still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response.
2. Subunit, protein, or polysaccharide vaccines: These vaccines use specific components of the bacterium, such as proteins or polysaccharides, that are known to trigger an immune response. By using only these components, the vaccine can avoid using the entire bacterium, which may reduce the risk of adverse reactions.
3. Live attenuated vaccines: These vaccines contain live bacteria that have been weakened or attenuated so that they cannot cause disease but still retain the ability to stimulate an immune response. This type of vaccine can provide long-lasting immunity, but it may not be suitable for people with weakened immune systems.
Bacterial vaccines are essential tools in preventing and controlling bacterial infections, reducing the burden of diseases such as tuberculosis, pneumococcal disease, meningococcal disease, and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease. They work by exposing the immune system to a harmless form of the bacteria or its components, which triggers the production of antibodies and memory cells that can recognize and fight off future infections with that same bacterium.
It's important to note that while vaccines are generally safe and effective, they may cause mild side effects such as pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site, fever, or fatigue. Serious side effects are rare but can occur, so it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider before receiving any vaccine.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Muromegalovirus" is not a recognized term in medical literature or in virology. It's possible there may be a misunderstanding or typo in your query. Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (MHV-68) is a virus that infects rodents and is studied in laboratory settings to understand gammaherpesvirus biology and pathogenesis, including Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which are human pathogens. If you meant to ask about Murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), that is a different virus and is a member of the betaherpesvirinae subfamily, which can cause serious disease in mice.
If you could provide more context or clarify your question, I would be happy to help further.
An AIDS vaccine is a type of preventive vaccine that aims to stimulate the immune system to produce an effective response against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The goal of an AIDS vaccine is to induce the production of immune cells and proteins that can recognize and eliminate HIV-infected cells, thereby preventing the establishment of a persistent infection.
Despite decades of research, there is still no licensed AIDS vaccine available. This is due in part to the unique challenges posed by HIV, which has a high mutation rate and can rapidly evolve to evade the immune system's defenses. However, several promising vaccine candidates are currently being tested in clinical trials around the world, and researchers continue to explore new approaches and strategies for developing an effective AIDS vaccine.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Nervous system diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a group of conditions that affect the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and muscles. These diseases can affect various functions of the body, such as movement, sensation, cognition, and behavior. They can be caused by genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or tumors. Examples of nervous system diseases include Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, migraine, stroke, and neuroinfections like meningitis and encephalitis. The symptoms and severity of these disorders can vary widely, ranging from mild to severe and debilitating.
An immunocompromised host refers to an individual who has a weakened or impaired immune system, making them more susceptible to infections and decreased ability to fight off pathogens. This condition can be congenital (present at birth) or acquired (developed during one's lifetime).
Acquired immunocompromised states may result from various factors such as medical treatments (e.g., chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunosuppressive drugs), infections (e.g., HIV/AIDS), chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, malnutrition, liver disease), or aging.
Immunocompromised hosts are at a higher risk for developing severe and life-threatening infections due to their reduced immune response. Therefore, they require special consideration when it comes to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of infectious diseases.
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Infection35
- A Cytomegalovirus vaccine is a vaccine to prevent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection or curb virus re-activation (symptomatic flare-ups) in persons already infected. (wikipedia.org)
- As a member of the TORCH complex, cytomegalovirus can cause congenital infection, which can lead to neurological problems, vision and hearing loss. (wikipedia.org)
- A phase 2 study of a recombinant gB protein subunit CMV-vaccine published in 2009 indicated an efficacy of 50% in seronegative women of childbearing age-thus the protection provided was limited and a number of subjects contracted CMV infection despite the vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
- A recent study found that a latent cytomegalovirus infection can have a negative effect on mRNA vaccine responsiveness to COVID-19 infection. (ajmc.com)
- Health care workers (HCWs) had a lower vaccine response to COVID-19 infection when they had a latent cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, according to a study published in Open Forum Infectious Diseases . (ajmc.com)
- Residents of nursing homes were also found to have lower vaccine response with a latent CMV infection. (ajmc.com)
- This study aimed to determine whether latent CMV or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) affected vaccine antibody responses and whether there was an association with age or prior COVID-19 infection. (ajmc.com)
- After colitis, esophagitis is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) manifestation of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. (medscape.com)
- The first HIV vaccines tested were designed to induce neutralizing antibodies that would prevent HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
- This research study is testing a study vaccine (mRNA-1647) that is being developed for preventing cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. (thewhc.ca)
- There is currently no approved vaccine to prevent CMV infection. (thewhc.ca)
- DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this project is to synthesize, based on genomic sequence information, a human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) strain with demonstrated ability to establish persistent infection in sero-positive individuals. (sbir.gov)
- The effect of chronic cytomegalovirus infection on pneumococcal vaccine responses. (ox.ac.uk)
- Chronic infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) has been proposed as a contributor to poorer responses in older adults. (ox.ac.uk)
- CONCLUSIONS: These data imply that CMV infection is not directly responsible for the decline in pneumococcal vaccine responses seen with age but suggest that CMV-seropositive individuals differ in their natural exposure to pneumococci or have altered mucosal immune responses after colonization with this organism. (ox.ac.uk)
- The study will also measure levels of vaccine-induced CMV neutralizing antibodies that may prevent CMV infection. (vbivaccines.com)
- We believe that developing a vaccine to prevent CMV offers the best chance of substantially eliminating congenital CMV infection and the resulting birth defects. (vbivaccines.com)
- The development of a vaccine against human cytomegalovirus infection (HCMV) is a high-priority medical goal. (asm.org)
- Using a subviral particle vaccine candidate, we show here that one protein complex of HCMV, termed the pentameric complex (PC), enhances the neutralizing antibody response against viral infection of different cell types. (asm.org)
- Congenital human cytomegalovirus infection (cCMV) is a major cause of childhood disease, often leading to permanent neurologic sequelae ( 1 ). (asm.org)
- Although some of these candidates have shown a moderate protective effect against primary infection, there are still open questions regarding the goals and the most appropriate formulation for a successful HCMV vaccine ( 8 ). (asm.org)
- Dr. Streblow's lab has also generated a rhesus macaque (RM) chikungunya virus (CHIKV) infection animal model to identify correlates of CHIKV pathogenesis and to test novel antivirals and vaccines. (ohsu.edu)
- Cross-Species Rhesus Cytomegalovirus Infection of CynomolgusMacaques. (ohsu.edu)
- We know that vaccines offer better protection than natural infection, with antibodies lasting longer and being more effective against serious illness. (aljazeera.com)
- We propose that additional investigation into the role of ADCP in protective viral responses, the specific virus epitopes targeted by ADCP antibodies, and the types of phagocytes and Fc receptors involved in ADCP at sites of virus infection will provide insight into strategies to successfully leverage this important immune response for improved antiviral immunity through rational vaccine design. (frontiersin.org)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) antibody testing of stored sera specimens from NHANES 1999-2004 was conducted to estimate the seroprevalence of CMV infection (CMV IgG) in participants aged 6 to 49 years. (cdc.gov)
- Moderna Inc. mRNA-1647 vaccine is designed to produce an immune response to both pentamer and gB antigens to prevent CMV infection. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Moderna's mRNA-1944 vaccine candidate targets Chikungunya infection. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Immunosuppressives may diminish therapeutic effects of vaccines and increase risk of adverse effects (increased risk of infection). (medscape.com)
- The goal of this project is to provide T cells that have been educated to recognize HIV infection and, to maintain high numbers of cells in the blood, to be activated by stimulation with a common virus called cytomegalovirus (CMV). (ca.gov)
- Six cases of adolescent girls ages 12 to 16 developing painful genital ulcers within four days of their second vaccine dose were reported in the medical journal, including two cases occurring after infection with COVID-19. (republicbroadcasting.org)
- Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS. (bvsalud.org)
- Cytomegalovirus infection may be acquired prenatally or perinatally and is the most common congenital viral infection. (msdmanuals.com)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection Cytomegalovirus (CMV, human herpesvirus type 5) can cause infections that have a wide range of severity. (msdmanuals.com)
- The significant disease burden from congenital CMV infection (cCMV) led the US National Institute of Medicine to rank CMV vaccine development as the highest priority. (cdc.gov)
Human cytomegalovirus5
- IMPORTANCE Infections with the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) may cause severe and even life-threatening disease manifestations in newborns and immunosuppressed individuals. (asm.org)
- The focus of the Streblow laboratory is on defining the role of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in the development of vascular disease and chronic rejection of organ allografts. (ohsu.edu)
- Human Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the family Herpesviridae, also known as Human Herpesvirus 5 (HHV-5). (medscape.com)
- Impaired NK Cell Responses to Pertussis and H1N1 Influenza Vaccine Antigens in Human Cytomegalovirus-Infected Individuals. (imperial.ac.uk)
- Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the leading viral cause of birth defects and organ transplant rejection. (rcsb.org)
Antibody3
- The vaccine significantly boosted the antibody levels and reduced the duration of post-transplantation viremia. (wikipedia.org)
- Since vaccines activate the B cells to secrete antibody, the cytotoxic (killer) T cells are subsequently suppressed. (icnr.com)
- Many current nonadjuvanted vaccines are poorly effective in the elderly and immunocompromised populations, resulting in nonprotective postvaccine antibody titres, which serve as surrogate markers for protection. (smw.ch)
20231
- Prevention and Control of Seasonal Influenza with Vaccines: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2023-2024 Influenza Season has been published. (cdc.gov)
Antibodies3
- First, just like naturally acquired antibodies, we are unsure how long protection from vaccine-induced antibodies will last, and more research is needed to ascertain whether the vaccines help reduce transmission of the virus. (aljazeera.com)
- Antibodies are a key component of the human adaptive immune system, and the elicitation of antibodies has been correlated with vaccine efficacy in many diseases ( 1 ). (frontiersin.org)
- Next-generation vaccines that utilize T cells could potentially overcome the limitations of current influenza vaccines that rely on antibodies to provide narrow subtype-specific protection and are prone to antigenic mismatch with circulating strains. (mdpi.com)
Efficacy4
- The assessment of the gB vaccine for efficacy should be complete within 5 years. (cdc.gov)
- Sponsors are also starting to test their vaccine candidates' efficacy and safety in pediatric populations as well as in pregnant women. (centerwatch.com)
- SAN DIEGO and TOKYO - September 19, 2016 - Vical Incorporated (Nasdaq: VICL) and Astellas Pharma Inc. (TOKYO: 4503) today announced topline results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 2 study evaluating the safety and efficacy of cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine, ASP0113, versus placebo in kidney transplant patients receiving an organ from a CMV-seropositive donor. (astellas.com)
- This optimism is built on recently published studies demonstrating the efficacy of mRNA vaccines in combatting several types of cancer and infectious pathogens where conventional vaccine platforms may fail to induce protective immune responses. (researchgate.net)
Antigens7
- Researchers working on an expected second wave of mRNA-based vaccines for various ailments can now spend more time in phase 2 trials altering the antigens so they don't need to be kept so cold, which has been a logistical challenge for the deployment of Pfizer's and Moderna's vaccines. (centerwatch.com)
- The new generation of whole-cell vaccines is based on an unencapsulated serotype that allows the expression of many bacterial antigens at a lower cost than a recombinant vaccine. (mdpi.com)
- The bivalent DNA vaccine encodes CMV phosphoprotein 65 and glycoprotein B antigens for induction of both cellular and humoral immune responses, formulated with a proprietary poloxamer-based delivery system. (astellas.com)
- The mRNA vaccines can encode multiple antigens, strengthening the immune response against pathogens and enabling the targeting of multiple microbial variants [19] . (researchgate.net)
- Menactra vaccine contains N meningitidis serogroup 8 A, C, Y and W-135 capsular polysaccharide antigens individually conjugated to diphtheria toxoid 9 protein. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- MVA-M1+NP vaccine candidate consists of MVA, a replication-deficient pox viral vector that has been safely tested in thousands of patients, to generate a strong immune reaction against Matrix 1 (M1) and Nucleoprotein (NP) influenza antigens. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- These are formed when vaccine viruses combine with viruses from tissues used to culture them, or when bacteria lose their cell walls when a person takes antibiotics and transform into "L forms", leading to a lack of some critical antigens normally recognized by the cellular immune system. (icnr.com)
Preventative cytomegalovirus2
- In 2016, VBI Vaccines commenced a Phase I preventative cytomegalovirus vaccine study (VBI-1501). (wikipedia.org)
- VBI Vaccines Inc. (Nasdaq: VBIV) (TSX: VBV) ("VBI") today announced that, following a review of safety data from the limited safety immunization period, the Data Safety Monitoring Board ("DSMB") has no objection to VBI continuing with the enrollment of participants across all sites and dose groups in the Phase I clinical study to evaluate its preventative cytomegalovirus ("CMV") vaccine candidate . (vbivaccines.com)
MRNA vaccines7
- Unfortunately, in their first wave, mRNA vaccines have been tough to handle. (centerwatch.com)
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines represent a relatively new vaccine class showing great promise for the future. (researchgate.net)
- This review summarizes the most important developments in mRNA vaccines from the past few years and discusses the challenges and future directions for the field. (researchgate.net)
- For example, 'Two mRNA vaccines developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are effective against the coronavirus. (researchgate.net)
- The soft-spoken visionary, heralded as the "father" of mRNA vaccines, humbly acknowledged his co-inventor, the indomitable Prof. Katalin Kariko, for spearheading what would soon become a seismic vaccine revolution. (gulfnews.com)
- Until the COVID-19 maelstrom, which left a death toll of about 7 million worldwide, and despite three decades of research, mRNA vaccines had languished in the confines of labs. (gulfnews.com)
- mRNA vaccines emerged as a beacon of hope, quelling the pandemic's disruptive tumult that had gripped our world. (gulfnews.com)
HCMV4
- The resulting synthetic product will form the basis for the development of attenuated HCMV vaccines. (sbir.gov)
- Together, these findings argue in favor of including the PC in strategies for HCMV vaccine development. (asm.org)
- The HCMV gH/gL/UL128/UL130/UL131A complex (Pentamer) is the main target of humoral responses and thus a key vaccine candidate. (rcsb.org)
- These results can guide the development of effective vaccines and immunotherapeutics against HCMV. (rcsb.org)
Congenital cytomegalovirus2
- You can find more information in our factsheet Congenital cytomegalovirus and deafness . (ndcs.org.uk)
- Currently, there is no vaccine available to prevent congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) and to prevent the consequences of CMV disease in recipients of transplanted organs and hematopoietic cells. (nih.gov)
Diseases9
- New vaccines in development hold promise for protection of women and their infants against additional infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
- But vaccines for infectious diseases that aren't COVID may have a tough time recruiting in this season - and not just because there are so many COVID-19 vaccines to study. (centerwatch.com)
- Although Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines (PCVs) are available and have significantly reduced the rate of invasive pneumococcal diseases, there is still a need for new vaccines with unlimited serotype coverage, long-lasting protection, and lower cost to be developed. (mdpi.com)
- These vaccines have been extensively studied, are currently in human trial phase 1/2, and seem to be the best treatment choice for pneumococcal diseases, especially for developing countries. (mdpi.com)
- In-depth examination of over 100 major diseases, including their etiology, current diagnostic tests, vaccines, drugs and market needs. (aarkstore.com)
- Vaccines, on the other hand, have successfully controlled contagious diseases such as smallpox, polio, diphtheria, pertussis, rubella and many others without the need for people to get sick. (aljazeera.com)
- Treatment resistance for infectious diseases is growing quickly, and chemotherapeutic toxicity in cancer means that vaccines must be made right away to save humanity. (researchgate.net)
- The patient was tested for COVID-19, sexually transmitted diseases, and two common viruses-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV). (republicbroadcasting.org)
- Early results are expected late next year from the phase 1 trial, which is being funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infecious Diseases, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Vir Biotechnology, a San Franciso biotech company focused on vaccines and infectious disease. (managedhealthcareexecutive.com)
Infections3
- The need for a vaccine to combat HIV and AIDS is evident, with more than 14,000 new infections daily and tens of millions afflicted. (cdc.gov)
- The suspended trials include vaccines to ward against strep A and soft-tissue infections. (centerwatch.com)
- People also can develop GBS after having the flu or other infections (such as cytomegalovirus and Epstein Barr virus). (cdc.gov)
Prophylactic3
- As a consequence, current research efforts focus on the development of prophylactic vaccines against cHCMV. (asm.org)
- MVA-BN WEV is a prophylactic vaccine candidate against three equine encephalitis viruses. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Its lead eVLP asset is a prophylactic cytomegalovirus vaccine. (barchart.com)
Influenza Vaccine4
- Moderna mRNA-1010 Quadrivalent Influenza Vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Sanofi's MRT5400 and MRT5401 are mRNA Influenza Vaccine candidates that are entering a phase 1 clinical trial. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- In this review we use influenza vaccine as a model in a discussion of the different mechanisms of action of the available adjuvants. (smw.ch)
- Influenza vaccine immunology. (smw.ch)
Mouse cytomegalovirus1
- For example, hapten-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver, influenza virus-specific memory NK cells reside in the liver and lung, and mouse cytomegalovirus (MCMV)-specific NK cells and cytokine-induced memory NK cells are systemically distributed. (nature.com)
Candidates11
- As of 2018 no such vaccine exists, although a number of vaccine candidates are under investigation. (wikipedia.org)
- Since vaccination of the immunocompromised persons introduces additional challenges, members of this population are less likely to be candidates for such a vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
- Other cytomegalovirus vaccines candidates are the CMV-MVA Triplex vaccine and the CMVpp65-A*0201 peptide vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
- Both vaccine candidates are sponsored by the City of Hope National Medical Center. (wikipedia.org)
- Additional vaccine candidates are available for testing as preventive vaccines. (cdc.gov)
- There are more than 60 COVID-19 vaccine candidates in clinical trials and more than 85 in preclinical development. (centerwatch.com)
- Doyle warned, though, that COVID-19 vaccine candidates coming into human trials after Pfizer's and Moderna's vaccines have already become available may find recruiting tricky. (centerwatch.com)
- Various vaccine candidates have been developed and are currently tested in preclinical or clinical studies (reviewed in references 4 - 7 ). (asm.org)
- One of the most promising candidates is the Whole-Cell Pneumococcal Vaccine (WCV). (mdpi.com)
- And the biotech recently began pre-clinical development of HIV and flu vaccine candidates. (fool.com)
- Licensure of one or more vaccine candidates is feasible within the next five years. (cdc.gov)
Respiratory Syncy1
- Moderna mRNA-1345 Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Clinical9
- It was the first mRNA vaccine to enter phase 2 clinical trials. (wikipedia.org)
- Vaccines currently in clinical trials are designed to induce cell-mediated immunity, which would lead to destruction of HIV-infected cells. (cdc.gov)
- Each of these vaccines is being studied in small phase I trials that enroll HIV-infected persons who are being treated with highly effective antiretroviral therapy and who have a stable clinical course and no detectable plasma viremia. (cdc.gov)
- It's just a matter of time before that requires a change in the vaccines," says Cynthia Dukes, vaccine industry veteran and chief business officer of Benchmark Research, a Texas-based network of clinical research sites. (centerwatch.com)
- The huge focus COVID-19 vaccine development got this year also brought needed attention to other vaccines in development, said Andy Lee, senior vice president and head of global clinical trial operations at Merck Research Labs. (centerwatch.com)
- Learn more about a Cytomegalovirus (CMV) clinical trial today! (clinicalconnection.com)
- Pre-clinical data supporting immunotherapy for HIV using CMV-HIV-specific CAR T cells with CMV vaccine. (ca.gov)
- However, based on the patient's clinical presentation, the doctors concluded that the ulcers were associated with the Pfizer mRNA vaccine. (republicbroadcasting.org)
- Numerous candidate vaccines are moving forward, and some are in clinical trials. (nih.gov)
Viruses5
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a member of the Herpesviridae family, along with herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) 1 and 2, Epstein-Barr virus, varicella-zoster virus, and others. (medscape.com)
- In the Rimavex measles vaccine, we found various chicken viruses. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
- Bird-cancer viruses in the MMR vaccine. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
- Duck, dog, and rabbit viruses in the rubella vaccine. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
- M-001 vaccine is a recombinant protein containing 9 conserved epitopes from Influenza A and B that are common to the vast majority of influenza viruses. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Measles vaccines1
- Methods: IgG titers against rubella and measles vaccines were measured in plasma obtained from the same donors at 2, 5, and. (lu.se)
Induce1
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-based vaccine vectors are promising vaccine platforms because they induce strong and long-lasting immune responses. (oncotarget.com)
Immunity3
- The extent to which a vaccine inducing cell-mediated immunity would have to match the circulating strains of HIV is unknown. (cdc.gov)
- Can new Omicron subvariants evade vaccine immunity? (aljazeera.com)
- Vaccine is an antigenic preparation, which is used to establish immunity to a disease. (medicregister.com)
Immune response4
- Immune response to the mRNA vaccine was measured with immunoglobulin G (IgG) to spike protein and the anti-receptor binding domain (RBD). (ajmc.com)
- VBI's eVLP Platform technology allows for the development of enveloped ("e") virus-like particle ("VLP") vaccines that closely mimic the target virus to elicit a potent immune response. (vbivaccines.com)
- Vaccines offer the potential to prime a pathogen-specific immune response and subsequently reduce disease burden. (smw.ch)
- The vaccine-induced immune response is influenced by: (i.) vaccine factors i.e., type and composition of the antigen(s), (ii. (smw.ch)
20202
- The residents were given the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine between December 2020 and February 2021 at 4 nursing homes and were vaccinated at the same time as HCWs. (ajmc.com)
- If a whole new vaccine is needed, new studies will be needed," says Dukes, adding that Benchmark tripled its staff in 2020 to keep up with demand. (centerwatch.com)
ASP01134
- In 2013, Astellas Pharma has started on individuals who received a hematopoietic stem cell transplant a Phase III trial with its CMV deoxyribonucleic acid DNA cytomegalovirus vaccine ASP0113. (wikipedia.org)
- In 2015, Astellas Pharma has commenced on healthy volunteers a Phase I trial with its cytomegalovirus vaccine ASP0113. (wikipedia.org)
- ASP0113 is a vaccine designed to prevent CMV disease and associated complications in SOT and HCT recipients. (astellas.com)
- The ongoing Phase 3 trial of ASP0113 in HCT recipients represents the first time a CMV vaccine or a DNA vaccine has entered Phase 3 testing in a registrational trial. (astellas.com)
Candidate12
- The other candidate consists of the attenuated smallpox vaccine, Modified Vaccinia Ankara, with the same genetic insert. (cdc.gov)
- The Phase I study is designed to assess the safety and tolerability of VBI's CMV vaccine candidate in approximately 125 healthy CMV-negative adults. (vbivaccines.com)
- The company is launching phase 3 trials of its cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine candidate this year. (fool.com)
- M72/AS01E (M72) is a subunit TB vaccine candidate. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Pfizer's pentavalent meningococcal vaccine candidate MenABCWY PF-06886992. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Moderna mRNA-1574 is an HIV Vaccine candidate that utilizes multiple mRNAs encoded native-like HIV trimers. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Moderna mRNA-1608 herpes mRNA vaccine candidate is targeted against HSV-2. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- MTBVAC Tuberculosis Vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine candidate against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- MV-CHIK is a vaccine candidate utilizing Themis' measles vector platform. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- MV-LASV vaccine candidate is a recombinant, live-attenuated, viral vectored vaccine. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- MVA-MERS-S (Modified Vaccinia virus Ankara) is a vaccine candidate that contains the full-length spike gene of MERS-CoV. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Although no licensed CMV vaccine exists, several candidate vaccines are in development, including one currently in phase 3 trials. (cdc.gov)
Moderna's2
- Last year's gains came as investors bet on Moderna's chances of developing a coronavirus vaccine. (fool.com)
- mRNA-1653 is a combination vaccine that consists of two distinct mRNA sequences encoding the fusion (F) proteins of hMPV and PIV3 formulated in Moderna's proprietary lipid nanoparticle (LNP) technology. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Moderna4
- Moderna is working on mRNA-1647, a mRNA CMV vaccine. (wikipedia.org)
- Today, Moderna has proved its vaccine technology works. (fool.com)
- But Moderna isn't relying on its coronavirus vaccine alone. (fool.com)
- Moderna mRNA-1893 vaccine contains an mRNA sequence encoding for the structural proteins of the Zika virus and is designed to cause cells to secrete virus-like particles. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Viral3
- From September 2 - 3, 2022, a two-day symposium will be held at the University of Rijeka, Faculty of Medicine (hall 2), where the results of the first 5 years of the Scientific Center of Excellence for Viral Immunology and Vaccines will be presented. (zci-cervirvac.hr)
- The viral pentameric protein complex consisting of glycoprotein H (gH)/gL/UL128-131A (PC) is considered to be an important vaccine component. (asm.org)
- Louis Picker, MD, and colleagues sought to develop a vaccine to increase the number of viral peptides that T cells would recognize. (uspharmacist.com)
Trials3
- RSV vaccine trials have identified a matrix of attenuating mutations and whole genes critical for in vivo replication, even though most such strains grow with little limitation in tissue culture. (cdc.gov)
- Trials of COVID-19 vaccines, along with research into variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus that causes the disease, will dominate the vaccine development space through 2022, with some nonCOVID vaccine trials slowly trickling back after being delayed by the pandemic. (centerwatch.com)
- Dukes said that vaccines that teams had been working on for many years are beginning to restart their trials after COVID-19 knocked most regular research off-track, and researchers may be able to take advantage of the new technologies now infusing the space. (centerwatch.com)
Live attenuated3
- They include recombinant protein, live attenuated, DNA and other vaccines. (wikipedia.org)
- Research is under way to develop a live, attenuated vaccine against RSV for infants. (cdc.gov)
- Live-attenuated vaccines should be avoided for at least 3 mo after cessation of immunosuppressive therapy. (medscape.com)
Ongoing vaccine safety1
- A collaboration between CDC and eight integrated health care organizations which conducts ongoing vaccine safety monitoring and research. (cdc.gov)
Doses2
Develop a vaccine1
- Efforts are under way to develop a vaccine against CMV, with particular emphasis on the potential for prevention of congenital CMV disease in infants. (cdc.gov)
EVLP2
- VBI is advancing a pipeline of eVLP vaccines, with lead programs in cytomegalovirus and glioblastoma multiforme. (vbivaccines.com)
- The company's eVLP vaccine platform allows for the design of enveloped virus-like particle vaccines which closely mimic the target virus. (barchart.com)
Polio4
- In polio vaccine, we found acanthamoeba, which is a so-called "brain-eating" amoeba. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
- Simian cytomegalovirus in polio vaccine. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
- Another example is stealth adapted (mutated) cytomegaloviruses which arose from African green monkey (simian) kidney cells when they were used to culture polio virus for live polio virus vaccines. (icnr.com)
- Thus, not only was the vaccinee inoculated with polio, but with the cytomegalovirus as well. (icnr.com)
CCMV3
- There is currently no vaccine to prevent cCMV, but researchers are working on one. (ndcs.org.uk)
- Various models of CMV vaccine strategies employing different target populations have shown to provide substantial benefit in reducing cCMV. (cdc.gov)
- Although CMV can cause end-organ disease with significant morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised individuals, the focus of this vaccine value profile (VVP) is on preventing or reducing the cCMV disease burden. (cdc.gov)
Disease6
- VBI Vaccines Inc. ("VBI") is a commercial-stage biopharmaceutical company developing a next generation of vaccines to address unmet needs in infectious disease and immuno-oncology. (vbivaccines.com)
- I don't know if there have ever been so many vaccines being developed at the same time for the same disease," said Chris Doyle, director of Institutional Biosafety Committee Services for WCG IRB. (centerwatch.com)
- Excitement and funding will drive a surge in mRNA vaccine research over the next several years, particularly in the infectious disease and cancer fields," said Doyle. (centerwatch.com)
- Measles is a vaccine-preventable disease. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- MENVEO is a vaccine indicated for active immunization to prevent invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, Y, and W-135. (precisionvaccinations.com)
- Vaccination is also recommended for persons at increased risk of severe vaccine-preventable disease. (smw.ch)
Acquired during ch1
- Background: Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) are ubiquitous and persistent herpesviruses commonly acquired during childhood. (lu.se)
Simian1
- Simian foamy virus in the rotavirus vaccine. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
Strain1
- MV-CHIK consists of a recombinant live Schwarz-strain measles-vectored vaccine expressing chikungunya virus structural proteins. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Responsiveness1
- BACKGROUND: Immune function declines with age and has been associated with reduced vaccine responsiveness. (ox.ac.uk)
Pneumococcal1
- METHODS: We evaluated the effect of age and CMV status on pneumococcal vaccine responses in 348 individuals aged 50-70 years. (ox.ac.uk)
Universal vaccine2
- This has provided hope for the design of a universal vaccine able to prime against diverse influenza virus strains and subtypes. (mdpi.com)
- Chiu C, Wrammert J, Li GM, McCausland M, Wilson PC, Ahmed R. Cross-reactive humoral responses to influenza and their implications for a universal vaccine. (smw.ch)
Pharmacodynamic antagonism2
- cytomegalovirus immune globulin (CMV IG) decreases effects of BCG vaccine live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
- certolizumab pegol decreases effects of measles, mumps, rubella and varicella vaccine, live by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
Development7
- Because of all these, there has been considerable effort made towards the development of a vaccine, with particular emphasis on protection of pregnant women. (wikipedia.org)
- Development of such a vaccine has been emphasized as a priority by the National Vaccine Program Office in the United States. (wikipedia.org)
- Several vaccines are in development for CMV. (cdc.gov)
- The NS-2 deletion is a cornerstone for future vaccine development. (cdc.gov)
- Several strategies for the development of a vaccine against this virus are currently pursued. (asm.org)
- Its second platform is a thermostable technology that enables the development of vaccines and biologics. (barchart.com)
- CMV Vaccine Development-How Close Are We? (nih.gov)
Closely1
- CDC and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) closely monitor the safety of vaccines approved for use in the United States. (cdc.gov)
20211
- As Dr. Weissman laid bare the intricacies of mRNA vaccine mechanics in 2021, he painted a vivid portrait, stating: "We put the code for the spike protein (of the SARS-CoV-2) of the virus that causes COVID-19, into the mRNA, and deliver it to a (human) cell. (gulfnews.com)
Biopharmaceutical company1
- VBI Vaccines Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company developing novel technologies to expand vaccine protection. (barchart.com)
Virus4
- Avian leucosis virus in the flu vaccine. (vaccineliberationarmy.com)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common virus. (mayoclinic.org)
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a double-stranded DNA virus and is a member of the Herpesviridae family. (medscape.com)
- M-M-R II vaccine is also known as Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Virus Vaccine Live, is a live virus MMR vaccine. (precisionvaccinations.com)
VAERS4
- Anyone can report possible vaccine side effects to VAERS. (cdc.gov)
- Generally, VAERS reports cannot determine if an adverse event was caused by a vaccine, but these reports can help determine if further investigations are needed. (cdc.gov)
- A simple search on the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) for aphthous ulcer, vaginal ulceration, vulval ulceration, and Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine , resulted in 282 total events as of April 14. (republicbroadcasting.org)
- While very important in monitoring vaccine safety, VAERS reports alone cannot be used to determine if a vaccine caused or contributed to an adverse event or illness," the CDC wrote . (republicbroadcasting.org)
Biologics1
- VBI is also advancing its LPVâ„¢ Thermostability Platform, a proprietary formulation and process that allows vaccines and biologics to preserve stability, potency, and safety. (vbivaccines.com)
Prevent1
- Meningococcal vaccines prevent illnesses caused by bacteria called Neisseria meningitidis. (precisionvaccinations.com)
Adverse1
- Unlike mouth sores which are an established adverse reaction of certain vaccines, including the COVID-19 injections administered in the United States, vulvar ulcers are not. (republicbroadcasting.org)