Cytogenetics. Medical search

A subdiscipline of genetics which deals with the cytological and molecular analysis of the CHROMOSOMES, and location of the GENES on chromosomes, and the movements of chromosomes during the CELL CYCLE.

Examination of CHROMOSOMES to diagnose, classify, screen for, or manage genetic diseases and abnormalities. Following preparation of the sample, KARYOTYPING is performed and/or the specific chromosomes are analyzed.

Abnormal number or structure of chromosomes. Chromosome aberrations may result in CHROMOSOME DISORDERS.

Mapping of the KARYOTYPE of a cell.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.

A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.

Clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysplasia in one or more hematopoietic cell lineages. They predominantly affect patients over 60, are considered preleukemic conditions, and have high probability of transformation into ACUTE MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

Staining of bands, or chromosome segments, allowing the precise identification of individual chromosomes or parts of chromosomes. Applications include the determination of chromosome rearrangements in malformation syndromes and cancer, the chemistry of chromosome segments, chromosome changes during evolution, and, in conjunction with cell hybridization studies, chromosome mapping.

Form of leukemia characterized by an uncontrolled proliferation of the myeloid lineage and their precursors (MYELOID PROGENITOR CELLS) in the bone marrow and other sites.

Clinical conditions caused by an abnormal chromosome constitution in which there is extra or missing chromosome material (either a whole chromosome or a chromosome segment). (from Thompson et al., Genetics in Medicine, 5th ed, p429)

A technique for visualizing CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS using fluorescently labeled DNA probes which are hybridized to chromosomal DNA. Multiple fluorochromes may be attached to the probes. Upon hybridization, this produces a multicolored, or painted, effect with a unique color at each site of hybridization. This technique may also be used to identify cross-species homology by labeling probes from one species for hybridization with chromosomes from another species.

The interval between two successive CELL DIVISIONS during which the CHROMOSOMES are not individually distinguishable. It is composed of the G phases (G1 PHASE; G0 PHASE; G2 PHASE) and S PHASE (when DNA replication occurs).

The condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing. In a normally diploid cell it is represented symbolically as 2N-1.

A variation from the normal set of chromosomes characteristic of a species.

The possession of a third chromosome of any one type in an otherwise diploid cell.

The chromosomal constitution of cells which deviate from the normal by the addition or subtraction of CHROMOSOMES, chromosome pairs, or chromosome fragments. In a normally diploid cell (DIPLOIDY) the loss of a chromosome pair is termed nullisomy (symbol: 2N-2), the loss of a single chromosome is MONOSOMY (symbol: 2N-1), the addition of a chromosome pair is tetrasomy (symbol: 2N+2), the addition of a single chromosome is TRISOMY (symbol: 2N+1).

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

The full set of CHROMOSOMES presented as a systematized array of METAPHASE chromosomes from a photomicrograph of a single CELL NUCLEUS arranged in pairs in descending order of size and according to the position of the CENTROMERE. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Therapeutic act or process that initiates a response to a complete or partial remission level.

A receptor tyrosine kinase that is involved in HEMATOPOIESIS. It is closely related to FMS PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN and is commonly mutated in acute MYELOID LEUKEMIA.

Very long DNA molecules and associated proteins, HISTONES, and non-histone chromosomal proteins (CHROMOSOMAL PROTEINS, NON-HISTONE). Normally 46 chromosomes, including two sex chromosomes are found in the nucleus of human cells. They carry the hereditary information of the individual.

A pediatric acute myeloid leukemia involving both myeloid and monocytoid precursors. At least 20% of non-erythroid cells are of monocytic origin.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Actual loss of portion of a chromosome.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Disease having a short and relatively severe course.

The phase of cell nucleus division following PROMETAPHASE, in which the CHROMOSOMES line up across the equatorial plane of the SPINDLE APPARATUS prior to separation.

Neoplasms composed of fatty tissue or connective tissue made up of fat cells in a meshwork of areolar tissue. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in adipose tissue.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

An aberration in which a chromosomal segment is deleted and reinserted in the same place but turned 180 degrees from its original orientation, so that the gene sequence for the segment is reversed with respect to that of the rest of the chromosome.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

One of the two pairs of human chromosomes in the group B class (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 4-5).

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.

A pyrimidine nucleoside analog that is used mainly in the treatment of leukemia, especially acute non-lymphoblastic leukemia. Cytarabine is an antimetabolite antineoplastic agent that inhibits the synthesis of DNA. Its actions are specific for the S phase of the cell cycle. It also has antiviral and immunosuppressant properties. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p472)

The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Chronic refractory anemia with granulocytopenia, and/or thrombocytopenia. Myeloblasts and progranulocytes constitute 5 to 40 percent of the nucleated marrow cells.

A malignancy of mature PLASMA CELLS engaging in monoclonal immunoglobulin production. It is characterized by hyperglobulinemia, excess Bence-Jones proteins (free monoclonal IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAINS) in the urine, skeletal destruction, bone pain, and fractures. Other features include ANEMIA; HYPERCALCEMIA; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

Process of classifying cells of the immune system based on structural and functional differences. The process is commonly used to analyze and sort T-lymphocytes into subsets based on CD antigens by the technique of flow cytometry.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The simultaneous identification of all chromosomes from a cell by fluorescence in situ hybridization (IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION, FLUORESCENCE) with chromosome-specific florescent probes that are discerned by their different emission spectra.

A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A neoplasm characterized by abnormalities of the lymphoid cell precursors leading to excessive lymphoblasts in the marrow and other organs. It is the most common cancer in children and accounts for the vast majority of all childhood leukemias.

Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Copies of DNA sequences which lie adjacent to each other in the same orientation (direct tandem repeats) or in the opposite direction to each other (INVERTED TANDEM REPEATS).

The degree of replication of the chromosome set in the karyotype.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

The GENETIC TRANSLATION products of the fusion between an ONCOGENE and another gene. The latter may be of viral or cellular origin.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

An aberrant form of human CHROMOSOME 22 characterized by translocation of the distal end of chromosome 9 from 9q34, to the long arm of chromosome 22 at 22q11. It is present in the bone marrow cells of 80 to 90 per cent of patients with chronic myelocytic leukemia (LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE).

Transfer of HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS from BONE MARROW or BLOOD between individuals within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation has been used as an alternative to BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION in the treatment of a variety of neoplasms.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

A very toxic anthracycline aminoglycoside antineoplastic isolated from Streptomyces peucetius and others, used in treatment of LEUKEMIA and other NEOPLASMS.

An autosomal recessive condition characterized by hypogonadism; spinocerebellar degeneration; MENTAL RETARDATION; RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA; and OBESITY. This syndrome was previously referred to as Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome until BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME was identified as a distinct entity. (From N Engl J Med. 1989 Oct 12;321(15):1002-9)

Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)

An order of insects comprising two suborders: Caelifera and Ensifera. They consist of GRASSHOPPERS, locusts, and crickets (GRYLLIDAE).

A type of chromosomal aberration involving DNA BREAKS. Chromosome breakage can result in CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION; CHROMOSOME INVERSION; or SEQUENCE DELETION.

A specific pair of human chromosomes in group A (CHROMOSOMES, HUMAN, 1-3) of the human chromosome classification.

3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Metacentric chromosomes produced during MEIOSIS or MITOSIS when the CENTROMERE splits transversely instead of longitudinally. The chromosomes produced by this abnormal division are one chromosome having the two long arms of the original chromosome, but no short arms, and the other chromosome consisting of the two short arms and no long arms. Each of these isochromosomes constitutes a simultaneous duplication and deletion.

Clonal hematopoetic disorder caused by an acquired genetic defect in PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS. It starts in MYELOID CELLS of the bone marrow, invades the blood and then other organs. The condition progresses from a stable, more indolent, chronic phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, CHRONIC PHASE) lasting up to 7 years, to an advanced phase composed of an accelerated phase (LEUKEMIA, MYELOID, ACCELERATED PHASE) and BLAST CRISIS.

An orally administered anthracycline antineoplastic. The compound has shown activity against BREAST NEOPLASMS; LYMPHOMA; and LEUKEMIA.

An advanced phase of chronic myelogenous leukemia, characterized by a rapid increase in the proportion of immature white blood cells (blasts) in the blood and bone marrow to greater than 30%.

An acute myeloid leukemia in which abnormal PROMYELOCYTES predominate. It is frequently associated with DISSEMINATED INTRAVASCULAR COAGULATION.

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.

In a prokaryotic cell or in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell, a structure consisting of or containing DNA which carries the genetic information essential to the cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Summarizing techniques used to describe the pattern of mortality and survival in populations. These methods can be applied to the study not only of death, but also of any defined endpoint such as the onset of disease or the occurrence of disease complications.

The human female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in humans.

The male sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and none of the female gametes in humans and in some other male-heterogametic species in which the homologue of the X chromosome has been retained.

A specific pair of GROUP G CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Aberrant chromosomes with no ends, i.e., circular.

A myelodysplastic-myeloproliferative disease characterized by monocytosis, increased monocytes in the bone marrow, variable degrees of dysplasia, but an absence of immature granulocytes in the blood.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Processes occurring in various organisms by which new genes are copied. Gene duplication may result in a MULTIGENE FAMILY; supergenes or PSEUDOGENES.

A method for comparing two sets of chromosomal DNA by analyzing differences in the copy number and location of specific sequences. It is used to look for large sequence changes such as deletions, duplications, amplifications, or translocations.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Transplantation of an individual's own tissue from one site to another site.

A specific pair of GROUP B CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

Abnormal number or structure of the SEX CHROMOSOMES. Some sex chromosome aberrations are associated with SEX CHROMOSOME DISORDERS and SEX CHROMOSOME DISORDERS OF SEX DEVELOPMENT.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in leukemia.

A piperidinyl isoindole originally introduced as a non-barbiturate hypnotic, but withdrawn from the market due to teratogenic effects. It has been reintroduced and used for a number of immunological and inflammatory disorders. Thalidomide displays immunosuppressive and anti-angiogenic activity. It inhibits release of TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA from monocytes, and modulates other cytokine action.

DNA constructs that are composed of, at least, a REPLICATION ORIGIN, for successful replication, propagation to and maintenance as an extra chromosome in bacteria. In addition, they can carry large amounts (about 200 kilobases) of other sequence for a variety of bioengineering purposes.

Myeloid-lymphoid leukemia protein is a transcription factor that maintains high levels of HOMEOTIC GENE expression during development. The GENE for myeloid-lymphoid leukemia protein is commonly disrupted in LEUKEMIA and combines with over 40 partner genes to form FUSION ONCOGENE PROTEINS.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.

The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.

Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.

Subnormal intellectual functioning which originates during the developmental period. This has multiple potential etiologies, including genetic defects and perinatal insults. Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are commonly used to determine whether an individual has an intellectual disability. IQ scores between 70 and 79 are in the borderline range. Scores below 67 are in the disabled range. (from Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, p28)

A syndrome of defective gonadal development in phenotypic females associated with the karyotype 45,X (or 45,XO). Patients generally are of short stature with undifferentiated GONADS (streak gonads), SEXUAL INFANTILISM, HYPOGONADISM, webbing of the neck, cubitus valgus, elevated GONADOTROPINS, decreased ESTRADIOL level in blood, and CONGENITAL HEART DEFECTS. NOONAN SYNDROME (also called Pseudo-Turner Syndrome and Male Turner Syndrome) resembles this disorder; however, it occurs in males and females with a normal karyotype and is inherited as an autosomal dominant.

A transcription factor that dimerizes with the cofactor CORE BINDING FACTOR BETA SUBUNIT to form core binding factor. It contains a highly conserved DNA-binding domain known as the runt domain. Runx1 is frequently mutated in human LEUKEMIAS.

Tumors or cancer of the SPLEEN.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

The occurrence in an individual of two or more cell populations of different chromosomal constitutions, derived from a single ZYGOTE, as opposed to CHIMERISM in which the different cell populations are derived from more than one zygote.

Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.

Removal of bone marrow and evaluation of its histologic picture.

Chromosomal, biochemical, intracellular, and other methods used in the study of genetics.

Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

The transfer of STEM CELLS from one individual to another within the same species (TRANSPLANTATION, HOMOLOGOUS) or between species (XENOTRANSPLANTATION), or transfer within the same individual (TRANSPLANTATION, AUTOLOGOUS). The source and location of the stem cells determines their potency or pluripotency to differentiate into various cell types.

A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.

Diagnosis of the type and, when feasible, the cause of a pathologic process by means of microscopic study of cells in an exudate or other form of body fluid. (Stedman, 26th ed)

A leukemia/lymphoma found predominately in children and adolescents and characterized by a high number of lymphoblasts and solid tumor lesions. Frequent sites involve LYMPH NODES, skin, and bones. It most commonly presents as leukemia.

The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.

Translation products of a fusion gene derived from CHROMOSOMAL TRANSLOCATION of C-ABL GENES to the genetic locus of the breakpoint cluster region gene on chromosome 22. Several different variants of the bcr-abl fusion proteins occur depending upon the precise location of the chromosomal breakpoint. These variants can be associated with distinct subtypes of leukemias such as PRECURSOR CELL LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA; LEUKEMIA, MYELOGENOUS, CHRONIC, BCR-ABL POSITIVE; and NEUTROPHILIC LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC.

Preparative treatment of transplant recipient with various conditioning regimens including radiation, immune sera, chemotherapy, and/or immunosuppressive agents, prior to transplantation. Transplantation conditioning is very common before bone marrow transplantation.

The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

A specific pair of GROUP F CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The female sex chromosome, being the differential sex chromosome carried by half the male gametes and all female gametes in human and other male-heterogametic species.

A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

An expression of the number of mitoses found in a stated number of cells.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

Stretches of genomic DNA that exist in different multiples between individuals. Many copy number variations have been associated with susceptibility or resistance to disease.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

An increased tendency to acquire CHROMOSOME ABERRATIONS when various processes involved in chromosome replication, repair, or segregation are dysfunctional.

The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.

A form of anemia in which the bone marrow fails to produce adequate numbers of peripheral blood elements.

Negative test results in subjects who possess the attribute for which the test is conducted. The labeling of diseased persons as healthy when screening in the detection of disease. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Highly repetitive DNA sequences found in HETEROCHROMATIN, mainly near centromeres. They are composed of simple sequences (very short) (see MINISATELLITE REPEATS) repeated in tandem many times to form large blocks of sequence. Additionally, following the accumulation of mutations, these blocks of repeats have been repeated in tandem themselves. The degree of repetition is on the order of 1000 to 10 million at each locus. Loci are few, usually one or two per chromosome. They were called satellites since in density gradients, they often sediment as distinct, satellite bands separate from the bulk of genomic DNA owing to a distinct BASE COMPOSITION.

Complex nucleoprotein structures which contain the genomic DNA and are part of the CELL NUCLEUS of PLANTS.

A nucleoside antibiotic isolated from Streptomyces antibioticus. It has some antineoplastic properties and has broad spectrum activity against DNA viruses in cell cultures and significant antiviral activity against infections caused by a variety of viruses such as the herpes viruses, the VACCINIA VIRUS and varicella zoster virus.

Glycoproteins found on immature hematopoietic cells and endothelial cells. They are the only molecules to date whose expression within the blood system is restricted to a small number of progenitor cells in the bone marrow.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Any of a group of malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue that differ from HODGKIN DISEASE, being more heterogeneous with respect to malignant cell lineage, clinical course, prognosis, and therapy. The only common feature among these tumors is the absence of giant REED-STERNBERG CELLS, a characteristic of Hodgkin's disease.

The chromosomal constitution of a cell containing multiples of the normal number of CHROMOSOMES; includes triploidy (symbol: 3N), tetraploidy (symbol: 4N), etc.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

An alkylating agent having a selective immunosuppressive effect on BONE MARROW. It has been used in the palliative treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (MYELOID LEUKEMIA, CHRONIC), but although symptomatic relief is provided, no permanent remission is brought about. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), busulfan is listed as a known carcinogen.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Neoplasms located in the blood and blood-forming tissue (the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue). The commonest forms are the various types of LEUKEMIA, of LYMPHOMA, and of the progressive, life-threatening forms of the MYELODYSPLASTIC SYNDROMES.

The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.

Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.

A group of heterogeneous lymphoid tumors generally expressing one or more B-cell antigens or representing malignant transformations of B-lymphocytes.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

An infant during the first month after birth.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The clear constricted portion of the chromosome at which the chromatids are joined and by which the chromosome is attached to the spindle during cell division.

A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.

A pyrimidine analogue that inhibits DNA methyltransferase, impairing DNA methylation. It is also an antimetabolite of cytidine, incorporated primarily into RNA. Azacytidine has been used as an antineoplastic agent.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

A therapeutic approach, involving chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, after initial regimens have failed to lead to improvement in a patient's condition. Salvage therapy is most often used for neoplastic diseases.

The number of copies of a given gene present in the cell of an organism. An increase in gene dosage (by GENE DUPLICATION for example) can result in higher levels of gene product formation. GENE DOSAGE COMPENSATION mechanisms result in adjustments to the level GENE EXPRESSION when there are changes or differences in gene dosage.

A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

A characteristic symptom complex.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

Antimetabolites that are useful in cancer chemotherapy.

A malignant disease characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, spleen, and general lymphoid tissue. In the classical variant, giant usually multinucleate Hodgkin's and REED-STERNBERG CELLS are present; in the nodular lymphocyte predominant variant, lymphocytic and histiocytic cells are seen.

An individual that contains cell populations derived from different zygotes.

The loss of one allele at a specific locus, caused by a deletion mutation; or loss of a chromosome from a chromosome pair, resulting in abnormal HEMIZYGOSITY. It is detected when heterozygous markers for a locus appear monomorphic because one of the ALLELES was deleted.

How identical would cloned children be? An understanding essential to the ethical debate. (1/486)

The ban on human cloning in many countries worldwide is founded on an assumption that cloned children will be identical to each other and to their nuclear donor. This paper explores the scientific basis for this assumption, considering both the principles and practice of cloning in animals and comparing genetic and epigenetic variation in potential human clones with that in monozygotic twins. (+info)

Immunocytogenetic detection of normal and abnormal oocytes in human fetal ovarian tissue in culture. (2/486)

This study aimed to: (i) determine whether oocytes are present in cultures of human fetal ovary; (ii) identify whether meiotic anomalies are evident; and (iii) assess whether preparation or culture conditions influence oocyte survival and meiotic progression. Ovaries were collected from fetuses after termination at 13-16 weeks. Oocyte assessment utilized antibodies specific for synaptonemal complex proteins (associated with chromosomes only during meiosis), and antibodies to centromeric proteins. Fragments of tissue were cultured in minimal essential medium + 10% serum +/- follicle stimulating hormone (100 mIU/ml). The sera were fetal calf serum (FCS), FCS for embryonic stem cells (ES-FCS) and human female serum. The numbers and stages of oocytes were assessed after 7-40 days, and particular arrangements of chromosome synapsis identified. Results in fresh tissue included oocytes at leptotene, zygotene, pachytene and diplotene in three of five samples. Four specimens remained viable in vitro, and three had detectable oocytes after culture. The numbers of oocytes and the proportions of zygotene and pachytene cells increased with time in culture. The proportion of degenerate cells in culture was initially higher than in fresh samples, but declined subsequently. More oocytes were detected in ES-FCS and human serum than in FCS. We conclude that human oocytes survive in culture and that progression through prophase I continues. (+info)

Danish National In-Vitro Fertilization Registry 1994 and 1995: a controlled study of births, malformations and cytogenetic findings. (3/486)

This paper reports data from the Danish in-vitro fertilization (IVF) registry from 1994 to 1995 including data on treatments and the results of these (perinatal outcome, cytogenetic findings and fetal malformations) in comparison with a control group matched for maternal age, parity, multiplicity and year of birth. There were 1756 deliveries of 2245 children (24.3% twins, 1.8% triplets). The rate of prematurity among IVF children was 23.8% (NS) [singletons 7. 3% (P < 0.05), twins 41.2% and triplets 93.5%], 23.6% weighed <2500 g [singletons 7% (P < 0.05), twins 42.2% and triplets 87.1%]. The perinatal mortality rate was 21.8 in the study group compared to 17. 4 in the control group (NS). In total, 13.2% of all clinical pregnancies and 15.4% of the pregnancies that resulted in a delivery had a prenatal genetic examination. Of all examined, 3.5% had an abnormal karyotype. In total, 107 (4.8%) children in the study group and 103 (4.6%) in the control group were born with malformations (NS), compared to 2.8% in the background population. Our results indicate that it is the characteristics of the patients and multiplicity of pregnancy, rather than the assisted reproductive technology that determines the fetal risks of IVF pregnancies compared to the background population. (+info)

AlphaIFN-induced hematologic and cytogenetic remission in chronic eosinophilic leukemia with t(1;5). (4/486)

Chronic eosinophilic leukemia (CEL) is a myeloproliferative disease characterized by excessive eosinophilic proliferation with clonal cytogenetic abnormalities. The most frequent cytogenetic abnormality is a break in the q 31-35 region of chromosome 5, where genes encoding for IL-3, IL-5 and GM-CSF (all cytokines involved in eosinophilopoiesis) are located. We report the case of a patient with CEL with t(1;5) (q23;q31), who obtained complete hematologic and major cytogenetic response after two years of alpha-interferon (alpha-IFN) therapy. Two other cases of complete response to alpha-IFN are reported in the literature. A trial with alpha-IFN could be considered as front line treatment in this rare disease. (+info)

CD56+CD7+ stem cell leukemia/lymphoma with D2-Jdelta1 rearrangement. (5/486)

OBJECT: We describe the characteristics of three patients with CD56+CD7+ stem cell leukemia/lymphoma. METHODS: These blasts were analyzed for morphologic, karyotypic, immunophenotypic, and immunogenotypic features using Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analysis. MATERIALS: Peripheral blood, bone marrow aspirates, or biopsied mediastinal tumor specimens of three CD56+CD7+ stem cell leukemia/lymphoma patients were investigated. RESULTS: The bone marrow of all patients showed myeloperoxidase (MPO) negative blast cells with basophilic cytoplasm and distinct nucleoli with no azurophilic granules. The blasts of two patients were classified as acute lymphoblastic leukemia (L2). The liver, spleen, and lymph nodes were unaffected in all patients. All had an aggressive clinical course. The blasts were strongly positive for both CD7 and CD56 but negative for other T-lineage associated antigens, including CD1, CD2, surface membrane CD3, cytoplasmic CD3c (2/2), CD4, CD5 and CD8. The additional antigens were recognized as follows: CD19 (1/3 cases) as a B lineage, CD33 (1/3) as a myeloid marker, CD34 (2/3) as a stem cell, CD38 (1/1) and HLA-DR (2/3). When the patients relapsed, the phenotypes changed to blasts positive for CD5, CD10 and CD13 in patient 1, CD5 in patient 2, and CD33 in patient 3. MPO, however, remained negative. Cytogenetic analysis showed no common abnormal karyotype. All had a common D2-Jdelta1 induced by T-cell specific enhancer. Rearrangement of TCR beta and gamma genes occurred in patient 2, and IgH and TCR beta underwent rearrangement in patient 3. CONCLUSION: Although a more comprehensive case analysis is necessary, these data suggest the possibility that the blasts of the present cases come from a common lymphoid precursor (T, NK, and B cell) or from a NKT precursor as the fourth lymphoid lineage. (+info)

A survey of 1,000 cases referred for cytogenetic study to King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. (6/486)

We reviewed cytogenetic studies that have been done in 1,000 consecutive non-oncology samples that were referred to the Cytogenetics Unit at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The cases were grouped according to the referral diagnosis and the requested cytogenetic service. The frequency of the different types of numerical and structural abnormalities was determined and the relative frequency of cases with abnormal karyotype was calculated in each group. This study should assist physicians in Saudi Arabia and surrounding countries by increasing the awareness of the frequency of cytogenetic abnormality in different diagnostic groups. It also gives figures for comparison with other countries and research centers. (+info)

Biodosimetry results obtained by various cytogenetic methods and electron spin resonance spectrometry among inhabitants of a radionuclide contaminated area around the siberian chemical plant (Tomsk-7). (7/486)

On April 6, 1993, near the town of Tomsk (Russia) there was an accident at the Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP) which resulted in extensive contamination of an area of 250 km(2) to the north of SCP with long-lived radionuclides such as (239)Pu, (137)Cs and (90)Sr. Cytogenetic methods and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry of tooth enamel were used to estimate the radiation doses received by the population. The ESR signal intensity and the chromosomal aberration frequency in lymphocytes of the tooth donors showed a good correlation. The data showed that 15% of the inhabitants of the Samus settlement received a radiation dose >90 cGy. The exceptions were results of an examination of fishermen, where ESR gave high values (80-210 cGy) but both the chromosome assay and the cytokinesis block micronucleus method gave lower ones (8-52 cGy). A large increase in chromosome damage was observed in people born between 1961 and 1969. It was found that during these years several serious accidents at the Siberian Chemical Plant had occurred causing radiation pollution of the area. The number of cells with chromosome aberrations was significantly less among the people arriving in Samus after 1980. We found good correlations between the level of carotene consumption and a decrease in frequency of both micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes (r = 0.68, P < 0.01) and chromatid aberrations (r = 0.61, P < 0.01) among the inhabitants. We also examined the inhabitants of Samus for opisthorchis infection, which was present in 30% of the population. The Samus inhabitants affected by Opisthorchis felineus showed significantly increased levels of micronuclei in binucleated lymphocytes and chromatid aberrations as compared with the controls. (+info)

Processing of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and methyl methanesulfonate in human lymphocytes: analysis by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis and cytogenetic methods. (8/486)

The persistence of induced DNA damage in human lymphocytes after mitogen stimulation and its relationship to subsequent cytogenetic alterations were investigated. The analysis of single-strand breaks and alkali-labile sites by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) showed the almost complete repair of damage induced in resting lymphocytes by methyl methanesulfonate (MMS, 140-210 microM) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2), 25-100 microM) during the first 16 h of culture. On the other hand, DNA damage was shown to persist to a large extent when cells were cultured in the presence of the repair inhibitor cytosine beta-D-arabinofuranoside (Ara-C) (1 microg/ml). Although highly effective in the induction of DNA lesions detectable by SCGE, both agents failed to significantly increase the rate of micronucleus formation in cytokinesis-blocked cells harvested 66 h after treatment. However, when Ara-C was present during the first 16 h of culture, micronuclei were significantly increased at all doses. Conversely, sister chromatid exchange (SCE) rates were increased by chemical treatments to a higher extent in cultures without Ara-C. Delayed treatments, 16 h after mitogen stimulation, led to a significant induction of micronuclei in the case of MMS but not with H2O(2). These results suggest that only a minor fraction of DNA damage induced in resting lymphocytes is available for fixation through misreplication, because of its effective repair prior to S phase. However, the processing of damage through recombination pathways can lead to increased SCE rates in treated cells. These features of the processing of DNA damage in human lymphocytes should be taken into account when structural cytogenetic alterations in cultured lymphocytes are used in monitoring human exposure to genotoxic agents. (+info)

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Cytogenetics , in cell biology , field that deals with chromosomes and their inheritance, particularly as applied to medical genetics . (britannica.com)
Highlights focused on the following: sex chromosomes and autosomes, cytogenetics and genomics, variations in chromosome arrangements, diseases associated with gain or loss of autosomes, fertility problems associated with autosome rearrangements, disorders of sexual development, prevalence of chromosome abnormalities among horses and the future of clinical cytogentics. (cabi.org)
This volume covers a range of methods used in plant cytogenetics, beginning with basic analysis of chromosomes and visualizing gene locations, to manipulating and dissecting chromosomes, and then focusing on less understood features of chromosomes such as recombination initiation sites and epigenomic marks. (springer.com)
Researches and experiments under the field of cytogenetics usually involve defected chromosomes that can tell how disorders and diseases are instigated. (wisegeek.com)
The establishment of how many chromosomes are present in a human led to the emergence of cytogenetics. (wisegeek.com)
Human cytogenetics began in 1956 when it was discovered that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes. (wikipedia.org)
Historical landmarks in the evolution of cytogenetics are reviewed since the first images of chromosomes were made in 1879. (benzinga.com)
Boston, MA -- ( SBWIRE ) -- 07/10/2014 -- Molecular Cytogenetics involves the study of chromosomes using molecular biology to understand the role and functions of genes and chromosomes. (sbwire.com)
It includes routine analysis of G-Banded chromosomes, other cytogenetic banding techniques, as well as molecular cytogenetics such as fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). (wikidoc.org)
McClintock continued her career in cytogenetics studying the mechanics and inheritance of broken and ring (circular) chromosomes of maize. (wikidoc.org)
Modern cytogenetics is generally said to have begun in 1956 with the discovery that normal human cells contain 46 chromosomes by Tjio and Levan [1] . (wikidoc.org)
Different aspects of cytogenetics, such as the molecular structure of eukaryotic chromosomes, computerized analyses of chromosomes, evolution of karyotypes, chromosomes and cancer, chromosomes in genetic toxicology, and chromosomal aberrations (- induction, - in human populations, - in human eggs and sperm) are comprehensively covered in this book. (foyles.co.uk)
Cytogenetics is the study of chromosomes. (apppicker.com)
Clinical laboratory technicians who specialize in cytogenetics analyze human cells, and chromosomes in particular, searching. (study.com)
It makes it possible to identify each chromosome by its colour and to precisely identify chromosomal alterations which are difficult to detect using conventional cytogenetics, such as translocations, derivative chromosomes or marker chromosomes. (imim.es)
EMAILWIRE.COM , June 18, 2018 ) Molecular Cytogenetics is a branch of genetics devoted to the have a look at through molecular strategies of the shape and function of the cell constituents involved in heredity, along with a molecular analysis of chromosomes. (emailwire.com)
Cytogenetics refers to the study of chromosomes and molecular cytogenetics further involves the analysis of genetic versions or alterations thru in-situ hybridization techniques. (emailwire.com)
Molecular cytogenetics researches the structural and purposeful employer of the chromosomes and its nucleus, genomic variations, expression and evolution, chromosomal abnormalities, in particular in medicinal and cancer-associated genetics. (emailwire.com)
The Cytogenetics Laboratory investigates the whole genome for loss or gain of chromosomal material and structural rearrangements of the chromosomes. (ouh.nhs.uk)
The authors hope it will inform and inspire students, researchers, and teachers to continue to employ plant cytogenetics to address fundamental questions about the cytology of plant chromosomes and genomes for years to come. (nhbs.com)

The Cytogenetics Laboratory offers a full complement of diagnostic chromosome tests for prenatal, perinatal, postnatal (pediatric and adult) and oncology specimens. (massgeneral.org)
The Cytogenetics Laboratory comprises Massachusetts General Hospital, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, all affiliates of Harvard Medical School. (massgeneral.org)
Find more information at the Center for Advanced Molecular Diagnostics, Cytogenetics Laboratory at Brigham and Women's Hospital . (massgeneral.org)
The Cytogenetics Laboratory combines state-of-the-art techniques with comprehensive interpretation of test results by experienced, board-certified cytogenetics experts. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
The Cytogenetics Laboratory team includes board-certified, experienced cytogeneticists who oversee and interpret every test. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
A unique feature of the Cytogenetics Laboratory is that we write interpretations of results in conjunction with our clinical experts. (cincinnatichildrens.org)
If additional in-house or send-out testing on cultured cells (fibroblasts) is desired, please clearly indicate the desired testing on the requisition form and call Cytogenetics lab at (614) 722-5321 and speak to a laboratory genetic counselor to coordinate testing. (nationwidechildrens.org)
Cytogenetics plays a significant role in the medical field, as laboratory results help doctors diagnose a disease and decide on the best treatment for the patient. (wisegeek.com)
Duties for a Laboratory Technician in the UMHS Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory consist primarily of lab bench responsibilities but may also include clerical. (simplyhired.com)
May perform laboratory bench testing procedures involved in the pre-analytic steps of Cytogenetics and FISH following appropriate training Additional duties as. (simplyhired.com)
It is staffed by licensed Clinical Laboratory Scientists specializing in cytogenetics. (ucsd.edu)
This book will be invaluable to any scientists using cytogenetics to study malignancy and along with its sister volume Human Cytogenetics: Constitutional Analysis will be an essential purchase for any cytogenetics laboratory. (booktopia.com.au)
Both volumes of this 3rd rdition are outstanding contributions to the practice of clinical cytogenetics and should be fixtures in every cytogentics laboratory. (booktopia.com.au)
Cytogenetics Laboratory Addenbrooke's: Activate your charity profile today - and you can do all this for FREE. (charitychoice.co.uk)
The Cytogenetics Shared Resources Core Laboratory has experience with all commercially-available probes (e.g., chromosome enumeration, painting, single copy or locus-specific probes, translocation probes, human and mouse SKY probes, etc.) and nick-translated DNA fragments provided by researchers as "homebrew" probes (nick translocation labeling may be performed by Cytogenetics Core lab personnel). (cityofhope.org)
The Cytogenetics Shared Resources Core Laboratory is equipped with high-resolution fluorescence and light photomicroscopes, and three computerized imaging systems (including the SKY Applied Spectral Imaging System and the Bioview System), which are able to capture, process, and print microscopic images. (cityofhope.org)
For higher detection rates, streamlined processes, and faster results, we offer your cytogenetics laboratory solutions that feature the most recent molecular techniques. (perkinelmer.com)
To combine these different aims, improvement of the dosimetry by cytogenetics was developed in our laboratory using two different methods, dicentrics and micronuclei assays. (irsn.fr)
The process begins in the Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory, where cells are cultured, stained, magnified and digitally photographed under a microscope. (roswellpark.org)
We see specific chromosomal alterations in certain forms of cancer," says AnneMarie Block, PhD, Director of Roswell Park's Clinical Cytogenetics Laboratory. (roswellpark.org)
The Cytogenetics Laboratory participates in the Genomics Quality Assessment Schemes for each aspect of our service ( www.GenQA.org ). (ouh.nhs.uk)
Applicants for positions in the Department of Genetics Services are required to produce a certificate of registration from the College of Medical Laboratory Technology of Ontario with endorsement in the disciplines of Cytogenetics and/or Molecular Genetics. (michener.ca)
In addition, chapters are included on several methods in plant cytogenetics, informatics, and even laboratory exercises for aspiring or practiced instructors. (nhbs.com)
The Cytogenetics Laboratory is a CLIA-certified and CAP accredited facility that offers comprehensive cytogenetic diagnosis for both constitutional and acquired chromosome abnormalities. (umaryland.edu)
The Cytogenetics Laboratory includes an American Board of Medical Genetics-certified clinical cytogeneticist/clinical molecular geneticist, highly knowledgeable laboratory supervisors, and wellexperienced staff. (umaryland.edu)
Upon successful completion of the program, and ABMG certification, the fellow will be qualified to direct a clinical cytogenetics laboratory. (unc.edu)
The laboratory has a strong research foundation, and we continue to add new technologies to the lab in order to keep up with the rapidly growing field of cytogenetics. (unc.edu)

The scope of cytogenetics includes several technologies besides fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), and multicolor FISH. (benzinga.com)
Meanwhile, molecular cytogenetics (fluorescence in situ hybridization‐based methodologies) had been already widely applied in studying plant genetics since polyploidy is common in plant evolution and speciation. (intechopen.com)
On the basis of techniques, the molecular cytogenetics market is segmented into comparative genomic hybridization, fluorescence in situ hybridization, in situ hybridization, and other techniques. (prnewswire.co.uk)
The participant will master basic techniques of plant cytogenetics (microscopic preps, basic fluorescence microscopy, chromosome painting, genomic in situ hybridization, image processing). (muni.cz)
In molecular cytogenetics, strategies consisting of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are carried out in which DNA probes are labeled with extraordinary colored fluorescent tags to visualize the complete genome or the most precise areas of the genome. (emailwire.com)

The Cytogenetics Core Facility of the Quebec Leukemia Cell Bank (BCLQ), supported by Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital (HMR) and the Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), provides chromosome analysis services using standard cytogenetic techniques and spectral karyotyping and molecular cytogenetic analysis services using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) technique to cancer researchers affiliated to HMR, to IRIC, to the Université de Montréal and to other Quebec university research centres. (iric.ca)
The overall molecular cytogenetics market is categorized on the basis of technology in two major categories, namely, Fluorescent In-situ hybridization (FISH) and array based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). (researchmoz.us)

The report provides a detailed overview of the major drivers, restraints, challenges, opportunities, and strategies impacting the molecular cytogenetics market along with the estimates and forecasts of the revenue and market share analysis. (prnewswire.co.uk)

In 2014, in terms of revenue, cancer was the largest application segment accounting for over 42% of the overall molecular cytogenetics market. (grandviewresearch.com)

NCA certification in Clinical Cytogenetics (CLSpCG). (simplyhired.com)
Based on end users, the molecular cytogenetics market is segmented into clinical and research laboratories, academic research institutes, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, and others. (prnewswire.co.uk)
These maps became the basis for both prenatal and oncological fields to quickly move cytogenetics into the clinical lab where karyotyping allowed scientists to look for chromosomal alterations. (wikidoc.org)
M.Sc Medical Genetics, University of Y Modules covered: Cytogenetics, biochemical genetics, clinical genetics and molecular genetics including cancer genetics. (majortests.com)
Now, Cancer Cytogenetics , Fourth Edition, offers a comprehensive, expanded, and up-to-date review of recent dramatic advances in this area, incorporating a vast amount of new data from the latest basic and clinical investigations. (wiley.com)
Cytogenetics helps to provide an accurate diagnosis and assist with clinical management and treatment selection. (ouh.nhs.uk)
Chromosome in situ suppression hybridisation in clinical cytogenetics. (bmj.com)
The McLendon Clinical Laboratories of UNC Hospitals offer training in Clinical Cytogenetics, leading to eligibility for certification by the American Board of Medical Genetics (ABMG). (unc.edu)

In this article, they applied the genome theory to explain why cytogenetics/cytogenomics needs a systems biology perspective, while systems biology itself needs a cytogenetic/cytogenomic based platform, since genome context (karyotype) represents a new type of genomic coding. (eurekalert.org)
Therefore, the future of cytogenetics needs a new genome-based conceptual framework: the genome theory. (eurekalert.org)
The Molecular Cytogenetics Core provides tools for the preparation of human and murine samples suitable for molecular genetic and cytogenetic analysis of the entire genome. (yu.edu)
We provide state-of-the-art molecular cytogenetics and genome editing services. (cnio.es)
Also, the virtual karyotyping method is executed in molecular cytogenetics to assess complete genome for the changes in the range of copies of the genome. (emailwire.com)
Cytogenetics and Genome Research 136:314-359(11). (tamu.edu)

Cancer Cytogenetics: Methods and Protocols presents eminently practical key cytogenetic and FISH techniques for every stage of diagnostic service. (springer.com)
Authoritative and accessible, Cancer Cytogenetics: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide to scientists of all backgrounds, allowing them to either establish new techniques in their laboratories or find the different variations of standard methods helpful in improving their results. (springer.com)
The methods described in Plant Cytogenetics: Methods and Protocols build on each other and provide, those new to the field, with a comprehensive platform to support their research endeavours, while also introducing advanced techniques to experienced researchers. (springer.com)
Cutting edge and thorough, Plant Cytogenetics: Methods and Protocols, is a valuable resource for anyone who is interested in the diverse and wonderfully complex field of cytogenetics. (springer.com)
Surprisingly, there is very little research capacity in New Zealand for cytogenetics, so Prashant will become the resident national expert in these methods," Dr Tate says. (massey.ac.nz)
S2003 Methods in plant cytogenetics and cytogenomics II. (muni.cz)
The author's aim on writing the present work is to outline and reunite some facts and investigations made latterly in the field of Cytogenetics which are the basis for the development of new breeding techniques and methods. (csic.es)
This breadth of coverage, together with the inclusion of methods and instruction, is intended to convey a deep and useful appreciation for plant cytogenetics. (nhbs.com)

Various -omics studies have unexpectedly highlighted the importance of molecular cytogenetics and cytogenomics when synthesizing molecular data. (eurekalert.org)
The integration of cytogenetics/cytogenomics with systems biology will mutually benefit both fields. (eurekalert.org)

Based on regions, the global molecular cytogenetics market is segmented into North America , Europe , Asia , and the Rest of the World (RoW). (prnewswire.co.uk)
In 2014, North America emerged as the largest with a share of nearly 46% in the global molecular cytogenetics market. (grandviewresearch.com)
The North America Molecular Cytogenetics market size was approx. (emailwire.com)
The North America Molecular Cytogenetics market size turned into approx. (emailwire.com)
With the aid of geography, the North America Molecular Cytogenetics marketplace has been classified into US and Canada. (emailwire.com)

TechNavio's analysts forecast the Global Molecular Cytogenetics Market will grow at a CAGR of 23.51 percent over the period 2013-2018. (sbwire.com)
This report covers the present scenario and the growth prospects of the Global Molecular Cytogenetics market for the period 2014-2018. (sbwire.com)
TechNavio's report, the Global Molecular Cytogenetics Market 2014-2018, has been prepared based on an in-depth market analysis with inputs from industry experts. (sbwire.com)
it also covers the Global Molecular Cytogenetics market landscape and its growth prospects in the coming years. (sbwire.com)
The genetic disorders segment is expected to account for the largest share of the global molecular cytogenetics market in 2016. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Top-down and bottom-up approaches were used to estimate and validate the size of the global molecular cytogenetics market and to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets. (marketsandmarkets.com)
This report provides insights into the global molecular cytogenetics market. (marketsandmarkets.com)
The global molecular cytogenetics market was valued at USD 817.5 million in 2015. (grandviewresearch.com)
Then again, inadequate insurance in scientific reimbursement plans is the top restraint on the global molecular cytogenetics market. (emailwire.com)

We provide a comprehensive cytogenetics service for the investigation of constitutional chromosome abnormalities. (stgeorges.nhs.uk)
This is a further evolution of the relationship between the two companies which started in 2009 with the development of a comprehensive cytogenetics array workflow. (roche.com)

Cytogenetics has also been a vital factor in preventing people from getting cancer by looking at gene predictors that indicate the chances of obtaining cancer. (wisegeek.com)
Molecular cytogenetics combines two disciplines, molecular biology and cytogenetics, and involves the analyzation of chromosome structure to help distinguish normal and cancer-causing cells. (wikipedia.org)
Today, the study of molecular cytogenetics can be useful in diagnosing and treating various malignancies such as hematological malignancies, brain tumors, and other precursors of cancer. (wikipedia.org)
Breast cancer genetic evolution: I. Data from cytogenetics and DNA content. (nih.gov)
Based on applications, the molecular cytogenetics market is segmented into genetic disorders, cancer, personalized medicine, and other applications. (prnewswire.co.uk)
Molecular cytogenetics plays an important role in the characterization of chromosome anomalies and is a critical component of current genetic studies including research into both constitutional disorders and cancer. (perkinelmer.com)
The Mayo Clinic Cytogenetics Core serves as a shared resource within the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center. (mayo.edu)
The Cytogenetics Core provides both routine cytogenetic services and advanced molecular cytogenetic services on human and nonhuman samples for cancer research. (mayo.edu)
Through the Cytogenetics Core, Mayo Clinic Cancer Center investigators have access to a wide range of cytogenetics-related services, technologies and guidance to help study the genetics of different types of cancer. (mayo.edu)
There are connections between cytogenetics and biomarkers of genetic disorders as well as cancer. (einpresswire.com)
Application of cytogenetics extend beyond genetic disorder and cancer to diagnosis of several other diseases. (einpresswire.com)
Genetics of inherited syndromes, telomeres and telomerase regulation, cytogenetics, genetic and molecular targeting in cancer and natural solutions to ailments. (majortests.com)
Professor Sverre Heim has worked within the field of cancer cytogenetics for more than three decades. (wiley.com)
Professor Felix Mitelman has published more than 750 articles in the field of cancer cytogenetics. (wiley.com)
One of the most critical drivers for the molecular cytogenetics market is the increasing incidence of cancer the world over, which has pushed the demand for correct diagnostic solutions. (emailwire.com)
Sara Morrison-Delap, BS , UW Cytogenetic Services ( edited from "Cancer Cytogenetics. (wisc.edu)
Like its successful predecessors, Cancer Cytogenetics , Third Edition continues to offer authoritative coverage of neoplastic processes at the chromosomal level of genomic organization. (youscribe.com)
Cancer Cytogenetics , Third Edition is a valuable resource for researchers in a wide range of fields, including cytogenetics, medical and molecular genetics, cellular and molecular biology, oncology, and hematology. (youscribe.com)

In the age of molecular biology, it is also referred to as molecular cytogenetics. (benzinga.com)
Molecular cytogenetics comprises of molecular biology and cytogenetics. (emailwire.com)

The molecular cytogenetics market is projected to reach USD 2.52 Billion by 2021 from USD 1.55 Billion in 2016, at a CAGR of 10.1% from 2016 to 2021. (marketsandmarkets.com)

In addition, molecular cytogenetics is mainly used in the R&D activities of research laboratories for drug discovery, identification of biomarkers, and screening drug candidates that react to these biomarkers. (sbwire.com)

Conventional cytogenetics which makes it possible to identify the karyotype of human cells. (imim.es)

Prerequisites: basic knowledge in the field of cytogenetics and cytology (e.g., pipetting, preparation of solutions, microscopy). (muni.cz)

He will undertake his research leave from October to February in the lab of Dr Pat Heslop-Harrison, an expert in plant cytogenetics at the University of Leicester. (massey.ac.nz)

Comparative Cytogenetics is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering plant and animal cytogenetics, karyosystematics, and molecular systematics. (wikipedia.org)
Plant cytogenetics has progressed at a rapid rate since the publication of the first edition. (ebooks.com)
Plant Cytogenetics, Second Edition presents an up-to-date review of cytogenetics. (ebooks.com)
Plant Cytogenetics 3rd Edition by Ram J. Singh and Publisher CRC Press. (vitalsource.com)
This reference book provides information on plant cytogenetics for students, instructors, and researchers. (nhbs.com)
The book provides a unique combination of historical and modern subject matter, revealing the central role of plant cytogenetics in plant genetics and genomics as currently practiced. (nhbs.com)

This collaboration provides cytogenetics laboratories an array workflow with robust data, a quick and easy workflow, and powerful analysis tools," stated Frank Pitzer, CEO of Roche NimbleGen. (roche.com)

Therefore, cytogenetics remains a feasible tool in the study of comparative genomics, even in this next generation sequencing (NGS) prevalent era. (intechopen.com)

Molecular cytogenetics includes application of nanobiotechnology, microarrays, real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in vivo imaging, and single molecule detection. (benzinga.com)
Microarray/biochip-based technologies for cytogenetics promise to speed up detection of chromosome aberrations now examined by FISH. (bio-medicine.org)

The discovery that some diseases are consistently indicated by some chromosomal changes was also a great factor in making cytogenetics an important field of research. (wisegeek.com)
Molecular Cytogenetics is a continuous, open access, peer-reviewed journal covering research into cytogenetics and its applications throughout the fields of biology and medicine. (wikipedia.org)
Research and Markets ( http://www.researchandmarkets.com/research/z5xt5l/cytogenetics ) has announced the addition of a new report " Cytogenetics - Technologies, Markets and Companies " to their offering. (bio-medicine.org)
The Cytogenetics Shared Research Core Facility provides cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic assays to researchers at City of Hope and outside facilities. (cityofhope.org)
The City of Hope Shared Resources Cytogenetics Core facility provides classic and molecular (FISH and MCA) cytogenetic services to City of Hope and Beckman Research Institute scientific investigators, as well as outside researchers and institutions. (cityofhope.org)
Students who want to conduct graduate-level cytogenetics research may consider enrolling in a master's degree program in the field. (study.com)
Ph.D. is required for most careers in cytogenetics research. (study.com)
After earning your master's degree, you'll be able to enroll in a Ph.D. program and pursue an academic career leading research projects and making contributions to the scientific literature in the field of cytogenetics. (study.com)
A Master of Science program in cytogenetics is an ideal starting point for experienced science students who want to start working toward a Ph.D. and ultimately pursue an academic research position in the field. (study.com)
The workflow is a comprehensive microarray solution for the discovery and analysis of copy number variations associated with constitutional disorders for the cytogenetics research market. (roche.com)
The research report on the molecular cytogenetics market provides detailed analysis of the global market and helps in understanding the driving forces for the growth of these technologies. (researchmoz.us)

Cytogenetics, with its fundamental role in the field of genetic investigation, continues to be an indispensable tool for studying phylogenetics, given that currently molecular evolutionary analyses are more commonly utilized. (intechopen.com)

Cytogenetics can be refined by application of cytogenetics at single molecule level. (einpresswire.com)

The increasing incidence of congenital & genetic disorders and the subsequent rise in the early disease diagnostics is expected to boost the demand for molecular cytogenetics over the forecast period. (grandviewresearch.com)

The FISH and aCGH play a prominent role in molecular cytogenetics technology. (sbwire.com)
Molecular cytogenetics field is witnessing a significant growth owing to the growing demand of FISH and aCGH techniques. (researchmoz.us)

Logo: http://photos.prnewswire.com/prnh/2013...This report deals with cytogenetics in a broader sense rather than the. (bio-medicine.org)

Cytogenetics is the study of the structure of chromosome material. (wikidoc.org)
and trade, business, and professional associations have been used to identify and collect information useful for this extensive commercial study of the molecular cytogenetics market. (marketsandmarkets.com)

The 'Cytogenetics - Technologies, Markets and Companies' report from Jain PharmaBiotech has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (benzinga.com)
EIN News / -- Dublin, May 21, 2019 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- The "Cytogenetics - Technologies, Markets & Companies" report from Jain PharmaBiotech has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering. (einpresswire.com)

Cytogenetics is a field under genetics that mainly focuses on the cell, its structure, and how its parts function. (wisegeek.com)
A Master of Science (MS) program in Cytogenetics provides students with advanced training in the field, with focuses on the traits of the cell that determine hereditary characteristics. (study.com)
Demand in this field, according to the BLS, should grow by 8% between 2014 and 2024, which was attributed to the development of new medical technologies, including those in cytogenetics. (study.com)
PerkinElmer's global experience in the genetic screening market and expertise in the field of cytogenetics is an ideal match for Roche NimbleGen's innovative array technologies. (roche.com)

Anatomy34

Organisms2

Diseases49

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment50

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science2

Named Groups1

Health Care15

How identical would cloned children be? An understanding essential to the ethical debate. (1/486)

Immunocytogenetic detection of normal and abnormal oocytes in human fetal ovarian tissue in culture. (2/486)

Danish National In-Vitro Fertilization Registry 1994 and 1995: a controlled study of births, malformations and cytogenetic findings. (3/486)

AlphaIFN-induced hematologic and cytogenetic remission in chronic eosinophilic leukemia with t(1;5). (4/486)

CD56+CD7+ stem cell leukemia/lymphoma with D2-Jdelta1 rearrangement. (5/486)

A survey of 1,000 cases referred for cytogenetic study to King Khalid University Hospital, Saudi Arabia. (6/486)

Biodosimetry results obtained by various cytogenetic methods and electron spin resonance spectrometry among inhabitants of a radionuclide contaminated area around the siberian chemical plant (Tomsk-7). (7/486)

Processing of DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide and methyl methanesulfonate in human lymphocytes: analysis by alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis and cytogenetic methods. (8/486)

Cytogenetics

Cytogenetic Analysis

Chromosome Aberrations

Karyotyping

In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence

Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute

Translocation, Genetic

Myelodysplastic Syndromes

Chromosome Banding

Leukemia, Myeloid

Chromosome Disorders

Chromosome Painting

Interphase

Monosomy

Abnormal Karyotype

Trisomy

Aneuploidy

Prognosis

Karyotype

Remission Induction

fms-Like Tyrosine Kinase 3

Chromosomes, Human

Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Acute

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11

Chromosome Deletion

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8

Acute Disease

Metaphase

Neoplasms, Adipose Tissue

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13

Chromosome Inversion

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 5

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 15

Gene Rearrangement

Cytarabine

Bone Marrow

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 7

Anemia, Refractory, with Excess of Blasts

Multiple Myeloma

Immunophenotyping

Survival Analysis

Disease-Free Survival

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17

Spectral Karyotyping

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16

Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma

Neoplasm, Residual

DNA Probes

Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell

Treatment Outcome

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21

Tandem Repeat Sequences

Ploidies

Survival Rate

Oncogene Proteins, Fusion

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1

Philadelphia Chromosome

Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 3

Daunorubicin

Laurence-Moon Syndrome

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Orthoptera

Chromosome Breakage

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2

Digoxigenin

Transplantation, Homologous

Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols

Isochromosomes

Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive

Idarubicin

Blast Crisis

Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute

Prenatal Diagnosis

Chromosomes

Recurrence

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9

Hematologic Diseases