Infection with CYSTICERCUS, the larval form of the various tapeworms of the genus Taenia (usually T. solium in man). In humans they penetrate the intestinal wall and invade subcutaneous tissue, brain, eye, muscle, heart, liver, lung, and peritoneum. Brain involvement results in NEUROCYSTICERCOSIS.
Species of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects swine. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of cured or undercooked pork.
The larval form of various tapeworms of the genus Taenia.
Infection with tapeworms of the genus Taenia.
A genus of large tapeworms.
Infection of the brain, spinal cord, or perimeningeal structures with the larval forms of the genus TAENIA (primarily T. solium in humans). Lesions formed by the organism are referred to as cysticerci. The infection may be subacute or chronic, and the severity of symptoms depends on the severity of the host immune response and the location and number of lesions. SEIZURES represent the most common clinical manifestation although focal neurologic deficits may occur. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1998, Ch27, pp46-50)
Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.
Mild to severe infections of the eye and its adjacent structures (adnexa) by adult or larval protozoan or metazoan parasites.
Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.
Agents used to treat tapeworm infestations in man or animals.
An antihelmintic that is active against most tapeworms. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p48)
Infections with true tapeworms of the helminth subclass CESTODA.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Peru" is not a medical term or concept, it is a country located in South America, known officially as the Republic of Peru. If you have any questions about medical topics that I can help clarify, please let me know!
Species of tapeworm in the genus TAENIA, that infects cattle. It is acquired by humans through the ingestion of raw or insufficiently cooked beef.
A benzimidazole broad-spectrum anthelmintic structurally related to MEBENDAZOLE that is effective against many diseases. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p38)
Agents destructive to parasitic worms. They are used therapeutically in the treatment of HELMINTHIASIS in man and animal.
Pathologic conditions affecting the BRAIN, which is composed of the intracranial components of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. This includes (but is not limited to) the CEREBRAL CORTEX; intracranial white matter; BASAL GANGLIA; THALAMUS; HYPOTHALAMUS; BRAIN STEM; and CEREBELLUM.
An anthelmintic used in most schistosome and many cestode infestations.
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
The presence of parasites in food and food products. For the presence of bacteria, viruses, and fungi in food, FOOD MICROBIOLOGY is available.
Infections of the BRAIN; SPINAL CORD; or MENINGES caused by HELMINTHS (parasitic worms).
'Tongue diseases' is a broad term referring to various medical conditions that primarily affect the structure, function, or appearance of the tongue, including but not limited to infections, inflammatory conditions, autoimmune disorders, congenital abnormalities, and malignancies.
Diseases of the bony orbit and contents except the eyeball.
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES based on the detection through serological testing of characteristic change in the serum level of specific ANTIBODIES. Latent subclinical infections and carrier states can thus be detected in addition to clinically overt cases.
Infection by round worms of the genus TOXOCARA, usually found in wild and domesticated cats and dogs and foxes, except for the larvae, which may produce visceral and ocular larva migrans in man.
A subclass of segmented worms comprising the tapeworms.
Acute or chronic inflammation of the arachnoid membrane of the meninges most often involving the spinal cord or base of the brain. This term generally refers to a persistent inflammatory process characterized by thickening of the ARACHNOID membrane and dural adhesions. Associated conditions include prior surgery, infections, trauma, SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, and chemical irritation. Clinical features vary with the site of inflammation, but include cranial neuropathies, radiculopathies, and myelopathies. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1997, Ch48, p25)
A republic in central Africa lying east of CHAD and the CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC and west of NIGERIA. The capital is Yaounde.
Agents used to treat cestode, trematode, or other flatworm infestations in man or animals.
Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.
Infection with TREMATODA of the genus PARAGONIMUS.
Drugs used to treat or prevent parasitic infections.
The constant presence of diseases or infectious agents within a given geographic area or population group. It may also refer to the usual prevalence of a given disease with such area or group. It includes holoendemic and hyperendemic diseases. A holoendemic disease is one for which a high prevalent level of infection begins early in life and affects most of the child population, leading to a state of equilibrium such that the adult population shows evidence of the disease much less commonly than do children (malaria in many communities is a holoendemic disease). A hyperendemic disease is one that is constantly present at a high incidence and/or prevalence rate and affects all groups equally. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 3d ed, p53, 78, 80)
A muscular organ in the mouth that is covered with pink tissue called mucosa, tiny bumps called papillae, and thousands of taste buds. The tongue is anchored to the mouth and is vital for chewing, swallowing, and for speech.
Diseases of non-human animals that may be transmitted to HUMANS or may be transmitted from humans to non-human animals.
Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Cambodia" is not a medical term that can be defined in a medical context. It is the name of a country located in Southeast Asia, known officially as the Kingdom of Cambodia. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or science, I'd be happy to try and help answer those for you.
An infection with TRICHINELLA. It is caused by eating raw or undercooked meat that is infected with larvae of nematode worms TRICHINELLA genus. All members of the TRICHINELLA genus can infect human in addition to TRICHINELLA SPIRALIS, the traditional etiological agent. It is distributed throughout much of the world and is re-emerging in some parts as a public health hazard and a food safety problem.
A genus of parasitic nematodes that causes TRICHINELLOSIS in man and other animal.
A parasite of carnivorous mammals that causes TRICHINELLOSIS. It is especially common in rats and in swine fed uncooked garbage. Human infection is initiated by the consumption of raw or insufficiently cooked pork or other meat containing the encysted larvae.
(Note: 'North Carolina' is a place, not a medical term. However, I can provide a fun fact related to health and North Carolina.)
People who frequently change their place of residence.
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
The agent of South American trypanosomiasis or CHAGAS DISEASE. Its vertebrate hosts are man and various domestic and wild animals. Insects of several species are vectors.
A protozoan disease caused in humans by four species of the PLASMODIUM genus: PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; PLASMODIUM OVALE; and PLASMODIUM MALARIAE; and transmitted by the bite of an infected female mosquito of the genus ANOPHELES. Malaria is endemic in parts of Asia, Africa, Central and South America, Oceania, and certain Caribbean islands. It is characterized by extreme exhaustion associated with paroxysms of high FEVER; SWEATING; shaking CHILLS; and ANEMIA. Malaria in ANIMALS is caused by other species of plasmodia.

Development of a serologic assay to detect Taenia solium taeniasis. (1/271)

We developed a serologic assay to identify adult Taenia solium tapeworm carriers using excretory/secretory (TSES) antigens collected from in vitro cultured T. solium tapeworms. To identify taeniasis-specific antigens we used an immunoblot assay with serum samples from T. solium tapeworm carriers and cysticercosis patients. Antigens were identified that reacted with antibodies present in serum samples from taeniasis cases and not with those from cysticercosis patients. Using serum samples collected from persons with confirmed T. solium tapeworm infections, the test was determined to be 95% (69 of 73) sensitive. Serum samples (n = 193) from persons with other parasitic infections, including T. saginata tapeworm infections, do not contain cross-reacting antibodies to TSES, indicating that the assay is 100% specific. These data suggest that the immunoblot assay using TSES antigens can be used to identify persons with current or recent T. solium tapeworm infections and provides a new, important tool for epidemiologic purposes, including control and prevention strategies.  (+info)

Towards a Taenia solium cysticercosis vaccine: an epitope shared by Taenia crassiceps and Taenia solium protects mice against experimental cysticercosis. (2/271)

The Taenia crassiceps recombinant antigen KETc7 has been shown to be effective as a vaccine against experimental murine cysticercosis, a laboratory model used to test potentially promising molecules against porcine Taenia solium cysticercosis. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence of this proline-rich polypeptide, three fragments, GK-1, GK-2, and GK-3, were chemically synthesized in linear form. Of the three peptides, only GK-1 induced sterile protection against T. crassiceps cysticercosis in 40 to 70% of BALB/cAnN male mice. GK-1 is an 18-amino-acid peptide which contains at least one B-cell epitope, as demonstrated by its ability to induce an antibody response to the peptide and T. crassiceps antigen without need of a carrier protein. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that anti-GK1 antibodies strongly react with the native protein in the tegument of T. crassiceps and also with anatomical structures of T. solium eggs, oncospheres, cysticercus, and tapeworm. GK-1 also contains at least one T-cell epitope, capable of stimulating the proliferation of CD8(+) and to a lower extent CD4(+) T cells primed either with the free peptide or T. crassiceps total antigen. The supernatant of the stimulated cells contained high levels of gamma interferon and low levels of interleukin-4. Similar results were obtained with T cells tested for intracellular cytokine production, an indication of the peptide's capacity to induce an inflammatory response. The remarkable protection induced by GK-1 immunization, its physicochemical properties, and its presence in all developmental stages of T. solium point to this synthetic peptide as a strong candidate in the construction of a synthetic vaccine against T. solium pig cysticercosis.  (+info)

Community prevalence study of taeniasis and cysticerosis in Bail, Indonesia. (3/271)

Taenia solium, a human cestode parasite endemic throughout most of South-east Asia, causes a number of public health and economic problems. The parasite is endemic in Bali due to a mix of cultural and religious practices. Immunoepidemiological investigation of three rural communities revealed a taeniasis prevalence of 0.72% (3/415). One of the three cases was due to Taenia solium, the other two to Taenia saginata. A further nine cases of Taenia infection were identified from patients from villages surrounding the chosen communities, suggesting that prevalence levels may be higher in other areas. Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis by immunoblot was 1.65% (6/363), though all cases were detected within a single community (6/115; prevalence 5.22%). Several other cases of subcutaneous cysticercosis were identified from local clinics, suggesting continued transmission of Taenia solium in the region. Other intestinal helminth parasites identified within the communities were Ascaris lumbricoides (29.9%), Trichuris trichiuria (33.9%) and hookworm (8.2%).  (+info)

Serological diagnosis of human cysticercosis by use of recombinant antigens from Taenia solium cysticerci. (4/271)

A Taenia solium metacestode cDNA expression library in the lambda ZAPII vector was screened with pooled sera from patients with neurocysticercosis. Sixty primary clones were identified and shown to belong to two classes. The clones NC-3 and NC-9 did not reveal any significant homologies to sequences deposited in the databases and were further characterized. Both recombinant antigens were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and applied for serological diagnosis of human cysticercosis. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was established and evaluated with 27 serum samples of La Reunion and Madagascar patients with cysticercosis. Diagnosis in these patients was established with radiological and serological procedures. For antigen NC-3 a sensitivity of 96.3% and a specificity of 91.5% for the serodiagnosis were achieved. In contrast, the sensitivity of antigen NC-9 was only 33.3%.  (+info)

Case studies in international medicine. (5/271)

Family physicians in the United States are increasingly called on to manage the complex clinical problems of newly arrived immigrants and refugees. Case studies and discussions are provided in this article to update physicians on the diagnosis and management of potentially unfamiliar ailments, including strongyloidiasis, hookworm infection, cysticercosis, clonorchiasis and tropical pancreatitis. Albendazole and ivermectin, two important drugs in the treatment of some worm infections, are now available in the United States.  (+info)

Cytomorphological spectrum of cysticercosis--a review of 132 cases. (6/271)

A retrospective analysis of fine needle aspirates of 132 cases of cysticercosis presenting as palpable nodule is presented. In 98 cases, larval parts, detached hooklets and scolex established the diagnosis; in another 34 cases, the background inflammatory pattern was helpful in suggesting the diagnosis of a parastic lesion.  (+info)

Seroprevalence of human cysticercosis in Maputo, Mozambique. (7/271)

We carried out a serosurvey for cysticercosis among people visiting the Central Hospital of Maputo, the capital of Mozambique, between January and June 1993. A standardized questionnaire was designed to obtain information on demographic, socioeconomic, environmental, and behavioral characteristics related to the transmission of the infection. Four hundred eighty-nine individuals were tested for anti-cysticercosis antibodies: 222 blood donors and patients from the Department of Orthopedics, 148 patients from the Department of Neurology, and 119 patients from the Department of Psychiatry. The overall positivity rate was 12.1% (59 of 489). Anti-cysticercus antibodies was detected in 14.9% of the blood donors and patients from the Department of Orthopedics, 11.5% of the patients from the Department of Neurology, and 7.6% of the patients from the Department of Psychiatry. Living in poor sanitary conditions seems to be an important factor related to human cysticercosis in Maputo, Mozambique.  (+info)

Phage-displayed T-cell epitope grafted into immunoglobulin heavy-chain complementarity-determining regions: an effective vaccine design tested in murine cysticercosis. (8/271)

A new type of immunogenic molecule was engineered by replacing all three complementarity-determining-region (CDR) loops of the human immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain variable (V(H)) domain with the Taenia crassiceps epitope PT1 (PPPVDYLYQT) and by displaying this construct on the surfaces of M13 bacteriophage. When BALB/c mice were immunized with such phage particles (PIgphage), a strong protection against challenge infection in very susceptible female hosts was obtained. When specifically stimulated, the in vivo-primed CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells isolated from mice immunized with PT1, both as a free peptide and as the PIgphage construct, proliferated in vitro, indicating efficient epitope presentation by both major histocompatibility complex class II and class I molecules in the specifically antigen-pulsed macrophages used as antigen-presenting cells. These data demonstrate the immunogenic potential of recombinant phage particles displaying CDR epitope-grafted Ig V(H) domains and establish an alternative approach to the design of an effective subunit vaccine for prevention of cysticercosis. The key advantage of this type of immunogen is that no adjuvant is required for its application. The proposed strategy for immunogen construction is potentially suitable for use in any host-pathogen interaction.  (+info)

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm *Taenia solium*. The infection occurs when humans ingest eggs of this tapeworm, usually through contaminated food or water. Once inside the human body, these eggs hatch and release larvae that can invade various tissues, including muscles, brain, and eyes, forming cysts known as "cysticerci." Symptoms depend on the location and number of cysts but may include seizures, headaches, vision problems, or muscle weakness. Prevention measures include proper cooking of pork, improved sanitation, and personal hygiene.

"Taenia solium" is a medical term that refers to a type of tapeworm that infects the human intestines. This parasitic worm is acquired by ingesting undercooked pork containing larval cysts (cysticerci) of the parasite. Once inside the human body, these cysts develop into adult tapeworms, which can grow up to 8 meters in length and live for several years.

The infection caused by T. solium is called taeniasis when it affects the intestines, and cysticercosis when the larval cysts infect other parts of the body, such as muscles, eyes, or the brain. Cysticercosis can cause serious health complications, including seizures, neurological disorders, and even death in some cases.

Preventing taeniasis and cysticercosis involves practicing good hygiene, cooking pork thoroughly before eating it, and avoiding contact with human feces. In areas where T. solium is endemic, public health interventions such as mass deworming campaigns and improvements in sanitation and hygiene can help reduce the burden of infection.

Cysticercus is the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. It typically forms cysts in various tissues of the body, including muscles, brain, and eyes, leading to a condition known as cysticercosis. This can cause a variety of symptoms depending on the location of the cysts, such as seizures, headaches, or vision problems. Infection usually occurs through ingestion of food or water contaminated with tapeworm eggs, often as a result of poor sanitation and hygiene practices.

Taeniasis is a parasitic infection caused by the tapeworm of the genus Taenia. The two most common species that infect humans are Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and Taenia solium (pork tapeworm).

Humans get infected with T. saginata by consuming raw or undercooked beef from cattle that carry the larval form of the tapeworm, called cysticercus. In contrast, humans acquire T. solium through the consumption of contaminated pork or, more commonly, by accidentally ingesting T. solium eggs due to poor hygiene practices, leading to a more severe infection known as cysticercosis.

After ingestion, the larvae develop into adult tapeworms in the human intestine, where they can grow up to 8-12 meters long for T. saginata and 2-3 meters for T. solium. Adult tapeworms consist of a head (scolex) with hooks and suckers that attach to the intestinal wall, a neck region where new segments called proglottids are continuously formed, and a chain of mature proglottids containing male and female reproductive organs.

Symptoms of taeniasis can be mild or even absent, but they may include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, nausea, weight loss, and the presence of proglottids or tapeworm segments in stools or, rarely, outside the body (e.g., around the anus). In cases of T. solium infection, accidental ingestion of eggs can lead to cysticercosis, which is a more severe condition involving the formation of larval cysts in various tissues, including muscles, brain, and eyes, causing neurological symptoms and potentially life-threatening complications.

Diagnosis of taeniasis typically involves microscopic examination of stool samples to identify tapeworm eggs or proglottids. In some cases, molecular techniques like PCR may be used for species identification. Treatment usually consists of a single oral dose of anthelmintic medication such as praziquantel or niclosamide, which eliminates the adult tapeworm from the intestine. Proper sanitation and hygiene measures are crucial to prevent transmission and reinfection.

"Taenia" is a genus of tapeworms that are known to infect humans and animals. The most common species that affect humans are Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and Taenia solium (pork tapeworm).

Humans can become infected with these tapeworms by consuming raw or undercooked meat from infected animals. Once inside the human body, the larvae can mature into adult tapeworms in the intestines, leading to a condition called taeniasis. Symptoms of taeniasis may include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, and weight loss.

Ingesting eggs of Taenia solium, through contact with feces from an infected person or contaminated food, can lead to a more serious condition called cysticercosis, where larvae form cysts in various tissues throughout the body, including muscles, brain, and eyes. Cysticercosis can cause a range of symptoms depending on the location of the cysts, and it can be life-threatening if left untreated.

Preventive measures include cooking meat thoroughly, practicing good hygiene, and washing hands and food properly before eating.

Neurocysticercosis is a neurological disorder caused by the infection of the brain's tissue with larval stages of the parasitic tapeworm, Taenia solium. The larvae, called cysticerci, can invade various parts of the body including the brain and the central nervous system, leading to a range of symptoms such as seizures, headaches, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric disorders.

The infection typically occurs when a person ingests tapeworm eggs through contaminated food or water, and the larvae hatch and migrate to various tissues in the body. In neurocysticercosis, the cysticerci can cause inflammation, swelling, and damage to brain tissue, leading to neurological symptoms that can vary depending on the location and number of cysts in the brain.

Diagnosis of neurocysticercosis typically involves a combination of imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans, blood tests, and sometimes lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to examine cerebrospinal fluid. Treatment may involve anti-parasitic medications to eliminate the cysts, anti-inflammatory drugs to manage swelling and inflammation, and symptomatic treatment for seizures or other neurological symptoms.

Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system in response to the presence of a foreign substance, known as an antigen. They are capable of recognizing and binding to specific antigens, neutralizing or marking them for destruction by other immune cells.

Helminths are parasitic worms that can infect humans and animals. They include roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes, among others. Helminth infections can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type of worm and the location of the infection.

Antibodies to helminths are produced by the immune system in response to an infection with one of these parasitic worms. These antibodies can be detected in the blood and serve as evidence of a current or past infection. They may also play a role in protecting against future infections with the same type of worm.

There are several different classes of antibodies, including IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM. Antibodies to helminths are typically of the IgE class, which are associated with allergic reactions and the defense against parasites. IgE antibodies can bind to mast cells and basophils, triggering the release of histamine and other inflammatory mediators that help to protect against the worm.

In addition to IgE, other classes of antibodies may also be produced in response to a helminth infection. For example, IgG antibodies may be produced later in the course of the infection and can provide long-term immunity to reinfection. IgA antibodies may also be produced and can help to prevent the attachment and entry of the worm into the body.

Overall, the production of antibodies to helminths is an important part of the immune response to these parasitic worms. However, in some cases, the presence of these antibodies may also be associated with allergic reactions or other immunological disorders.

Parasitic eye infections are conditions characterized by the invasion and infestation of the eye or its surrounding structures by parasites. These can be protozoans, helminths, or ectoparasites. Examples of such infections include Acanthamoeba keratitis, which is caused by a free-living amoeba found in water and soil; Toxoplasmosis, which is caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii; Loiasis, which is caused by the parasitic filarial worm Loa loa; and Demodicosis, which is caused by the mite Demodex folliculorum. Symptoms can vary depending on the type of parasite but often include redness, pain, discharge, and vision changes. Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications and sometimes surgery to remove the parasites or damaged tissue. Prevention measures include good hygiene practices and avoiding contact with contaminated water or soil.

Helminth antigens refer to the proteins or other molecules found on the surface or within helminth parasites that can stimulate an immune response in a host organism. Helminths are large, multicellular parasitic worms that can infect various tissues and organs in humans and animals, causing diseases such as schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, and soil-transmitted helminthiases.

Helminth antigens can be recognized by the host's immune system as foreign invaders, leading to the activation of various immune cells and the production of antibodies. However, many helminths have evolved mechanisms to evade or suppress the host's immune response, allowing them to establish long-term infections.

Studying helminth antigens is important for understanding the immunology of helminth infections and developing new strategies for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Some researchers have also explored the potential therapeutic use of helminth antigens or whole helminths as a way to modulate the immune system and treat autoimmune diseases or allergies. However, more research is needed to determine the safety and efficacy of these approaches.

Swine diseases refer to a wide range of infectious and non-infectious conditions that affect pigs. These diseases can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, parasites, or environmental factors. Some common swine diseases include:

1. Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS): a viral disease that causes reproductive failure in sows and respiratory problems in piglets and grower pigs.
2. Classical Swine Fever (CSF): also known as hog cholera, is a highly contagious viral disease that affects pigs of all ages.
3. Porcine Circovirus Disease (PCVD): a group of diseases caused by porcine circoviruses, including Porcine CircoVirus Associated Disease (PCVAD) and Postweaning Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome (PMWS).
4. Swine Influenza: a respiratory disease caused by type A influenza viruses that can infect pigs and humans.
5. Mycoplasma Hyopneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes pneumonia in pigs.
6. Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae: a bacterial disease that causes severe pneumonia in pigs.
7. Salmonella: a group of bacteria that can cause food poisoning in humans and a variety of diseases in pigs, including septicemia, meningitis, and abortion.
8. Brachyspira Hyodysenteriae: a bacterial disease that causes dysentery in pigs.
9. Erysipelothrix Rhusiopathiae: a bacterial disease that causes erysipelas in pigs.
10. External and internal parasites, such as lice, mites, worms, and flukes, can also cause diseases in swine.

Prevention and control of swine diseases rely on good biosecurity practices, vaccination programs, proper nutrition, and management practices. Regular veterinary check-ups and monitoring are essential to detect and treat diseases early.

Anticestodal agents are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by tapeworms (cestodes) and other related parasites. These agents work by either stunting the growth or killing the parasites, which allows the body to expel them naturally. Common anticestodal agents include niclosamide, praziquantel, and albendazole. It is important to note that proper diagnosis of the specific type of tapeworm infection is necessary for effective treatment, as different medications may be more or less effective against certain species.

Niclosamide is an antihelminthic medication, which means it is used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms. It works by disrupting the metabolism of the worms, leading to their elimination from the body. Niclosamide is specifically indicated for the treatment of tapeworm infections (such as Taenia saginata, Taenia solium, and Hymenolepis nana).

It's important to note that niclosamide is not typically absorbed into the human body when taken as directed, so it primarily affects the worms in the digestive tract. However, if you have any specific questions about niclosamide or its use, please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice tailored to your particular circumstances.

Cestode infections, also known as tapeworm infections, are caused by the ingestion of larval cestodes (tapeworms) present in undercooked meat or contaminated water. The most common types of cestode infections in humans include:

1. Taeniasis: This is an infection with the adult tapeworm of the genus Taenia, such as Taenia saginata (beef tapeworm) and Taenia solium (pork tapeworm). Humans become infected by consuming undercooked beef or pork that contains viable tapeworm larvae. The larvae then mature into adult tapeworms in the human intestine, where they can live for several years, producing eggs that are passed in the feces.
2. Hydatid disease: This is a zoonotic infection caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus, which is commonly found in dogs and other carnivores. Humans become infected by accidentally ingesting eggs present in dog feces or contaminated food or water. The eggs hatch in the human intestine and release larvae that migrate to various organs, such as the liver or lungs, where they form hydatid cysts. These cysts can grow slowly over several years and cause symptoms depending on their location and size.
3. Diphyllobothriasis: This is an infection with the fish tapeworm Diphyllobothrium latum, which is found in freshwater fish. Humans become infected by consuming raw or undercooked fish that contain viable tapeworm larvae. The larvae mature into adult tapeworms in the human intestine and can cause symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and vitamin B12 deficiency.

Preventing cestode infections involves practicing good hygiene, cooking meat thoroughly, avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked fish, and washing fruits and vegetables carefully before eating. In some cases, treatment with antiparasitic drugs may be necessary to eliminate the tapeworms from the body.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Peru" is not a medical term. It is a country located in South America, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and beautiful landscapes. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help answer those!

Taenia saginata is a type of tapeworm that infects the human intestine. It's also known as the "beef tapeworm" because it typically infects cattle, and humans become infected by eating undercooked or raw beef from an infected animal. The tapeworm can grow up to 15-30 feet long in the human intestine and can survive for several years. Symptoms of infection may include abdominal discomfort, diarrhea, weight loss, and the presence of proglottids (segments of the tapeworm) in stool. In some cases, tapeworm segments may migrate outside the intestine and cause additional health problems.

Albendazole is an antiparasitic medication used to treat a variety of parasitic infections, including neurocysticercosis (a tapeworm infection that affects the brain), hydatid disease (a parasitic infection that can affect various organs), and other types of worm infestations such as pinworm, roundworm, hookworm, and whipworm infections.

Albendazole works by inhibiting the polymerization of beta-tubulin, a protein found in the microtubules of parasitic cells, which disrupts the parasite's ability to maintain its shape and move. This leads to the death of the parasite and elimination of the infection.

Albendazole is available in oral form and is typically taken two to three times a day with meals for several days or weeks, depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated. Common side effects of albendazole include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and headache. Rare but serious side effects may include liver damage, bone marrow suppression, and neurological problems.

It is important to note that albendazole should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider, as it can have serious side effects and interactions with other medications. Additionally, it is not effective against all types of parasitic infections, so proper diagnosis is essential before starting treatment.

Anthelmintics are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by parasitic worms, also known as helminths. These medications work by either stunting the growth of the worms, paralyzing them, or killing them outright, allowing the body to expel the worms through normal bodily functions. Anthelmintics are commonly used to treat infections caused by roundworms, tapeworms, flukeworms, and hookworms. Examples of anthelmintic drugs include albendazole, mebendazole, praziquantel, and ivermectin.

Brain diseases, also known as neurological disorders, refer to a wide range of conditions that affect the brain and nervous system. These diseases can be caused by various factors such as genetics, infections, injuries, degeneration, or structural abnormalities. They can affect different parts of the brain, leading to a variety of symptoms and complications.

Some examples of brain diseases include:

1. Alzheimer's disease - a progressive degenerative disorder that affects memory and cognitive function.
2. Parkinson's disease - a movement disorder characterized by tremors, stiffness, and difficulty with coordination and balance.
3. Multiple sclerosis - a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system and can cause a range of symptoms such as vision loss, muscle weakness, and cognitive impairment.
4. Epilepsy - a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures.
5. Brain tumors - abnormal growths in the brain that can be benign or malignant.
6. Stroke - a sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, which can cause paralysis, speech difficulties, and other neurological symptoms.
7. Meningitis - an infection of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
8. Encephalitis - an inflammation of the brain that can be caused by viruses, bacteria, or autoimmune disorders.
9. Huntington's disease - a genetic disorder that affects muscle coordination, cognitive function, and mental health.
10. Migraine - a neurological condition characterized by severe headaches, often accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light and sound.

Brain diseases can range from mild to severe and may be treatable or incurable. They can affect people of all ages and backgrounds, and early diagnosis and treatment are essential for improving outcomes and quality of life.

Praziquantel is an anthelmintic medication, which is used to treat and prevent trematode (fluke) infections, including schistosomiasis (also known as bilharzia or snail fever), clonorchiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis, and fasciolopsiasis. It works by causing severe spasms in the muscle cells of the parasites, ultimately leading to their death. Praziquantel is available in tablet form and is typically taken orally in a single dose, although the dosage may vary depending on the type and severity of the infection being treated.

It's important to note that praziquantel is not effective against tapeworm infections, and other medications such as niclosamide or albendazole are used instead for those infections. Also, Praziquantel should be taken under medical supervision, as it may have some side effects, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and headache.

It's important to consult a healthcare professional before taking any medication.

"Swine" is a common term used to refer to even-toed ungulates of the family Suidae, including domestic pigs and wild boars. However, in a medical context, "swine" often appears in the phrase "swine flu," which is a strain of influenza virus that typically infects pigs but can also cause illness in humans. The 2009 H1N1 pandemic was caused by a new strain of swine-origin influenza A virus, which was commonly referred to as "swine flu." It's important to note that this virus is not transmitted through eating cooked pork products; it spreads from person to person, mainly through respiratory droplets produced when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

Food parasitology is not a commonly used term in medical or scientific communities. However, it generally refers to the study of parasites that are transmitted through food, including parasitic protozoa, helminths (worms), and arthropods (e.g., tapeworms, roundworms, Giardia, Cryptosporidium, etc.). Food parasitology involves understanding the life cycles, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of these foodborne parasites. It is an important field within medical and veterinary parasitology, as well as food safety and public health.

Central nervous system helminthiasis is a medical condition that refers to the invasion and infection of the central nervous system (CNS), specifically the brain and spinal cord, by parasitic worms, also known as helminths. This rare but serious condition can occur when helminth larvae or eggs accidentally migrate from their usual location in the body to the CNS through the bloodstream or cerebrospinal fluid.

The most common types of helminths that can cause CNS helminthiasis include:

1. Neurocysticercosis: This is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Taenia solium, which typically infects the muscles and brain. However, when the larvae invade the CNS, they can form cysts that cause inflammation, swelling, and damage to brain tissue.
2. Echinococcosis: This is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus or Echinococcus multilocularis. The larvae can form hydatid cysts in various organs, including the brain, leading to neurological symptoms.
3. Gnathostomiasis: This is caused by the larval stage of the nematode Gnathostoma spinigerum or Gnathostoma hispidum. The larvae can migrate to various organs, including the CNS, causing inflammation and damage to brain tissue.
4. Angiostrongyliasis: This is caused by the nematode Angiostrongylus cantonensis, which typically infects rats but can accidentally infect humans through contaminated food or water. The larvae can migrate to the CNS and cause eosinophilic meningitis, an inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord.

Symptoms of CNS helminthiasis depend on the type of parasite involved, the location and extent of the infection, and the host's immune response. They can range from mild to severe and may include headache, seizures, weakness, numbness, vision changes, confusion, and cognitive impairment. Diagnosis is usually based on clinical presentation, imaging studies, and laboratory tests, such as serology or CSF analysis. Treatment depends on the type of parasite involved and may include antiparasitic drugs, corticosteroids, and supportive care. Prevention measures include avoiding contaminated food and water, practicing good hygiene, and using insect repellents to prevent mosquito-borne infections.

Tongue diseases refer to various medical conditions that affect the structure, function, or appearance of the tongue. These conditions can be categorized into several types, including:

1. Infections: Bacterial, viral, or fungal infections can cause tongue inflammation (glossitis), pain, and ulcers. Common causes include streptococcus, herpes simplex, and candida albicans.
2. Traumatic injuries: These can result from accidental bites, burns, or irritation caused by sharp teeth, dental appliances, or habitual habits like tongue thrusting or chewing.
3. Neoplasms: Both benign and malignant growths can occur on the tongue, such as papillomas, fibromas, and squamous cell carcinoma.
4. Congenital disorders: Some individuals may be born with abnormalities of the tongue, like ankyloglossia (tongue-tie) or macroglossia (enlarged tongue).
5. Neurological conditions: Certain neurological disorders can affect tongue movement and sensation, such as Bell's palsy, stroke, or multiple sclerosis.
6. Systemic diseases: Various systemic conditions can have symptoms that manifest on the tongue, like diabetes mellitus (which can cause dryness and furring), iron deficiency anemia (which may lead to atrophic glossitis), or Sjögren's syndrome (which can result in xerostomia).
7. Idiopathic: In some cases, the cause of tongue symptoms remains unknown, leading to a diagnosis of idiopathic glossitis or burning mouth syndrome.

Proper diagnosis and treatment of tongue diseases require a thorough examination by a healthcare professional, often involving a dental or medical specialist such as an oral pathologist, otolaryngologist, or dermatologist.

Orbital diseases refer to a group of medical conditions that affect the orbit, which is the bony cavity in the skull that contains the eye, muscles, nerves, fat, and blood vessels. These diseases can cause various symptoms such as eyelid swelling, protrusion or displacement of the eyeball, double vision, pain, and limited extraocular muscle movement.

Orbital diseases can be broadly classified into inflammatory, infectious, neoplastic (benign or malignant), vascular, traumatic, and congenital categories. Some examples of orbital diseases include:

* Orbital cellulitis: a bacterial or fungal infection that causes swelling and inflammation in the orbit
* Graves' disease: an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland and can cause protrusion of the eyeballs (exophthalmos)
* Orbital tumors: benign or malignant growths that develop in the orbit, such as optic nerve gliomas, lacrimal gland tumors, and lymphomas
* Carotid-cavernous fistulas: abnormal connections between the carotid artery and cavernous sinus, leading to pulsatile proptosis and other symptoms
* Orbital fractures: breaks in the bones surrounding the orbit, often caused by trauma
* Congenital anomalies: structural abnormalities present at birth, such as craniofacial syndromes or dermoid cysts.

Proper diagnosis and management of orbital diseases require a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, neurologists, radiologists, and other specialists.

An Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) is a type of analytical biochemistry assay used to detect and quantify the presence of a substance, typically a protein or peptide, in a liquid sample. It takes its name from the enzyme-linked antibodies used in the assay.

In an ELISA, the sample is added to a well containing a surface that has been treated to capture the target substance. If the target substance is present in the sample, it will bind to the surface. Next, an enzyme-linked antibody specific to the target substance is added. This antibody will bind to the captured target substance if it is present. After washing away any unbound material, a substrate for the enzyme is added. If the enzyme is present due to its linkage to the antibody, it will catalyze a reaction that produces a detectable signal, such as a color change or fluorescence. The intensity of this signal is proportional to the amount of target substance present in the sample, allowing for quantification.

ELISAs are widely used in research and clinical settings to detect and measure various substances, including hormones, viruses, and bacteria. They offer high sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility, making them a reliable choice for many applications.

Seroepidemiologic studies are a type of epidemiological study that measures the presence and levels of antibodies in a population's blood serum to investigate the prevalence, distribution, and transmission of infectious diseases. These studies help to identify patterns of infection and immunity within a population, which can inform public health policies and interventions.

Seroepidemiologic studies typically involve collecting blood samples from a representative sample of individuals in a population and testing them for the presence of antibodies against specific pathogens. The results are then analyzed to estimate the prevalence of infection and immunity within the population, as well as any factors associated with increased or decreased risk of infection.

These studies can provide valuable insights into the spread of infectious diseases, including emerging and re-emerging infections, and help to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programs. Additionally, seroepidemiologic studies can also be used to investigate the transmission dynamics of infectious agents, such as identifying sources of infection or tracking the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Toxocariasis is a parasitic infection caused by the roundworms Toxocara canis or Toxocara cati, which are found in the intestines of dogs and cats, respectively. Humans become infected through the accidental ingestion of infective eggs from contaminated soil, water, or food. The larvae hatch in the small intestine and migrate to various tissues, including the liver, lungs, eyes, and central nervous system, where they can cause inflammation and damage.

The severity of the infection depends on the number of larvae that have infected the body and the organs involved. Most infections are asymptomatic or mild, causing symptoms such as fever, cough, rash, or abdominal discomfort. However, in severe cases, toxocariasis can lead to serious complications, including blindness (ocular larva migrans) or neurological damage (visceral larva migrans).

Preventive measures include good hygiene practices, such as washing hands after handling soil or pets, and avoiding contact with dog or cat feces. Regular deworming of pets can also help reduce the risk of transmission.

Cestoda is a class of parasitic worms belonging to the phylum Platyhelminthes, also known as flatworms. Cestodes are commonly known as tapeworms and have a long, flat, segmented body that can grow to considerable length in their adult form. They lack a digestive system and absorb nutrients through their body surface.

Cestodes have a complex life cycle involving one or two intermediate hosts, usually insects or crustaceans, and a definitive host, which is typically a mammal, including humans. The tapeworm's larval stage develops in the intermediate host, and when the definitive host consumes the infected intermediate host, the larvae mature into adults in the host's intestine.

Humans can become infected with tapeworms by eating raw or undercooked meat from infected animals or through accidental ingestion of contaminated water or food containing tapeworm eggs or larvae. Infection with tapeworms can cause various symptoms, including abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and vitamin deficiencies.

Arachnoiditis is a medical condition that affects the arachnoid, one of the membranes that surround and protect the nerves of the central nervous system (the brain and spinal cord). The arachnoid becomes inflamed, often as a result of infection, direct injury, or complications from spinal surgery or chronic exposure to irritants such as steroids or contrast dyes.

The inflammation can cause the formation of scar tissue, which can lead to a variety of symptoms including:

1. Chronic pain in the back, legs, or arms
2. Numbness, tingling, or weakness in the limbs
3. Muscle cramps and spasms
4. Bladder and bowel dysfunction
5. Sexual dysfunction

In severe cases, arachnoiditis can cause permanent nerve damage and disability. Treatment typically focuses on managing symptoms and improving quality of life, as there is no cure for the condition.

I'm not aware of any medical condition or term that is specifically associated with or referred to as "Cameroon." Cameroon is a country located in Central Africa, known for its rich biodiversity and cultural diversity. If you have more context about why you are looking for a medical definition of "Cameroon," I may be able to provide a more helpful response.

Antiplatyhelmintic agents are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by parasitic flatworms, also known as platyhelminths. These include tapeworms, flukes, and other types of flatworms that can infect various organs of the body, such as the intestines, liver, lungs, and blood vessels.

Antiplatyhelmintic agents work by disrupting the metabolism or reproductive processes of the parasitic worms, leading to their elimination from the body. Some commonly used antiplatyhelmintic agents include praziquantel, niclosamide, and albendazole.

It is important to note that while these medications can be effective in treating platyhelminth infections, they should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional, as improper use or dosage can lead to serious side effects or treatment failures.

Serologic tests are laboratory tests that detect the presence or absence of antibodies or antigens in a patient's serum (the clear liquid that separates from clotted blood). These tests are commonly used to diagnose infectious diseases, as well as autoimmune disorders and other medical conditions.

In serologic testing for infectious diseases, a sample of the patient's blood is collected and allowed to clot. The serum is then separated from the clot and tested for the presence of antibodies that the body has produced in response to an infection. The test may be used to identify the specific type of infection or to determine whether the infection is active or has resolved.

Serologic tests can also be used to diagnose autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis and lupus, by detecting the presence of antibodies that are directed against the body's own tissues. These tests can help doctors confirm a diagnosis and monitor the progression of the disease.

It is important to note that serologic tests are not always 100% accurate and may produce false positive or false negative results. Therefore, they should be interpreted in conjunction with other clinical findings and laboratory test results.

Paragonimiasis is a tropical pulmonary disease caused by the infection of Paragonimus species, a type of lung fluke. The disease cycle begins when humans consume undercooked or raw crustaceans (such as crabs or crayfish) that contain the larval form of the parasite. Once ingested, the larvae penetrate the intestinal wall and migrate to the lungs, where they develop into adult worms and produce eggs.

Symptoms of paragonimiasis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the location of the worms in the body. Common symptoms include coughing up blood (hemoptysis), chest pain, difficulty breathing, fever, and diarrhea. In some cases, the parasites may migrate to other organs such as the brain or liver, causing additional complications.

Diagnosis of paragonimiasis typically involves a combination of clinical symptoms, imaging studies (such as chest X-rays), and laboratory tests (such as stool or sputum analysis for parasite eggs). Treatment usually involves administration of antihelminthic drugs such as praziquantel or triclabendazole to kill the adult worms. Preventive measures include cooking crustaceans thoroughly before consumption, avoiding raw or undercooked seafood, and practicing good personal hygiene.

Antiparasitic agents are a type of medication used to treat parasitic infections. These agents include a wide range of drugs that work to destroy, inhibit the growth of, or otherwise eliminate parasites from the body. Parasites are organisms that live on or inside a host and derive nutrients at the host's expense.

Antiparasitic agents can be divided into several categories based on the type of parasite they target. Some examples include:

* Antimalarial agents: These drugs are used to treat and prevent malaria, which is caused by a parasite that is transmitted through the bites of infected mosquitoes.
* Antiprotozoal agents: These drugs are used to treat infections caused by protozoa, which are single-celled organisms that can cause diseases such as giardiasis, amoebic dysentery, and sleeping sickness.
* Antihelminthic agents: These drugs are used to treat infections caused by helminths, which are parasitic worms that can infect various organs of the body, including the intestines, lungs, and skin. Examples include roundworms, tapeworms, and flukes.

Antiparasitic agents work in different ways to target parasites. Some disrupt the parasite's metabolism or interfere with its ability to reproduce. Others damage the parasite's membrane or exoskeleton, leading to its death. The specific mechanism of action depends on the type of antiparasitic agent and the parasite it is targeting.

It is important to note that while antiparasitic agents can be effective in treating parasitic infections, they can also have side effects and potential risks. Therefore, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any antiparasitic medication to ensure safe and appropriate use.

An endemic disease is a type of disease that is regularly found among particular people or in a certain population, and is spread easily from person to person. The rate of infection is consistently high in these populations, but it is relatively stable and does not change dramatically over time. Endemic diseases are contrasted with epidemic diseases, which suddenly increase in incidence and spread rapidly through a large population.

Endemic diseases are often associated with poverty, poor sanitation, and limited access to healthcare. They can also be influenced by environmental factors such as climate, water quality, and exposure to vectors like mosquitoes or ticks. Examples of endemic diseases include malaria in some tropical countries, tuberculosis (TB) in many parts of the world, and HIV/AIDS in certain populations.

Effective prevention and control measures for endemic diseases typically involve improving access to healthcare, promoting good hygiene and sanitation practices, providing vaccinations when available, and implementing vector control strategies. By addressing the underlying social and environmental factors that contribute to the spread of these diseases, it is possible to reduce their impact on affected populations and improve overall health outcomes.

In medical terms, the tongue is a muscular organ in the oral cavity that plays a crucial role in various functions such as taste, swallowing, and speech. It's covered with a mucous membrane and contains papillae, which are tiny projections that contain taste buds to help us perceive different tastes - sweet, salty, sour, and bitter. The tongue also assists in the initial process of digestion by moving food around in the mouth for chewing and mixing with saliva. Additionally, it helps in forming words and speaking clearly by shaping the sounds produced in the mouth.

Zoonoses are infectious diseases that can be transmitted from animals to humans. They are caused by pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites, or fungi that naturally infect non-human animals and can sometimes infect and cause disease in humans through various transmission routes like direct contact with infected animals, consumption of contaminated food or water, or vectors like insects. Some well-known zoonotic diseases include rabies, Lyme disease, salmonellosis, and COVID-19 (which is believed to have originated from bats). Public health officials work to prevent and control zoonoses through various measures such as surveillance, education, vaccination, and management of animal populations.

Reagent kits, diagnostic are prepackaged sets of chemical reagents and other components designed for performing specific diagnostic tests or assays. These kits are often used in clinical laboratories to detect and measure the presence or absence of various biomarkers, such as proteins, antibodies, antigens, nucleic acids, or small molecules, in biological samples like blood, urine, or tissues.

Diagnostic reagent kits typically contain detailed instructions for their use, along with the necessary reagents, controls, and sometimes specialized equipment or supplies. They are designed to simplify the testing process, reduce human error, and increase standardization, ensuring accurate and reliable results. Examples of diagnostic reagent kits include those used for pregnancy tests, infectious disease screening, drug testing, genetic testing, and cancer biomarker detection.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Cambodia" is not a medical term or concept. It is the name of a country located in Southeast Asia, bordered by Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, and the Gulf of Thailand. The capital city of Cambodia is Phnom Penh.

If you have any questions related to healthcare, medical conditions, treatments, or other health-related topics, I would be happy to help you with those!

Trichinellosis is a parasitic disease caused by the roundworm Trichinella spiralis. The infection typically occurs when contaminated raw or undercooked meat, often pork, is consumed. After ingestion, the larvae of the worm are released from the cysts in the meat and migrate to the small intestine, where they mature into adults.

The adult females then lay new larvae that penetrate the intestinal wall and travel through the bloodstream to striated muscle tissue (such as skeletal muscles), where they encapsulate and form new cysts. The symptoms of trichinellosis can vary widely, depending on the number of worms ingested and the intensity of infection. Early symptoms may include diarrhea, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever. As the larvae migrate to muscle tissue, additional symptoms such as muscle pain, weakness, swelling of the face, eyelids, or tongue, and skin rashes can occur. Severe infections may lead to life-threatening complications, including heart and respiratory failure.

Prevention measures include cooking meat thoroughly (to an internal temperature of at least 160°F or 71°C), freezing meat properly (at -15°F or -26°C for several days) to kill the parasites, and avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat, especially from wild animals.

"Trichinella" is a genus of parasitic roundworms that are known to cause the disease trichinosis in humans and other animals. The worms are tiny, typically less than 1-2 millimeters in length, and live in the small intestine of their host after being ingested through contaminated raw or undercooked meat, particularly pork.

The larvae of Trichinella can encyst themselves in the muscle tissue of the host, leading to symptoms such as muscle pain, fever, swelling, and gastrointestinal distress. In severe cases, trichinosis can cause neurological problems, heart complications, and even death.

Preventing trichinosis involves cooking meat thoroughly, avoiding consumption of raw or undercooked meat, and practicing good food hygiene.

"Trichinella spiralis" is a species of parasitic roundworm that causes the disease trichinosis in humans. The adult worms live in the intestine, where they produce larvae that migrate to striated muscle tissue, including the diaphragm, tongue, and skeletal muscles, where they encyst and form nurse cells. Infection typically occurs through the consumption of undercooked or raw meat, particularly pork, contaminated with the larvae. Symptoms can range from gastrointestinal disturbances to fever, muscle pain, and potentially life-threatening complications in severe cases. Prevention includes cooking meat thoroughly and freezing it at certain temperatures to kill the larvae.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "North Carolina" is a geographical location and not a medical term or condition. It is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I'd be happy to help with those!

In the context of medical terminology, "transients" and "migrants" are often used to describe populations that are moving or have recently moved from one place to another. These terms can refer to individuals who are temporarily residing in a location for work, school, or other reasons (transients), as well as those who are planning to settle permanently in a new location (migrants).

A "transient" population may include people who are traveling for leisure, working on temporary contracts, attending school in a different city or country, or serving in the military. These individuals typically have a specific destination and time frame for their stay, and they may not have established long-term social or medical support systems in the area.

A "migrant" population, on the other hand, refers to people who are moving with the intention of settling permanently in a new location. This can include individuals and families who are seeking better economic opportunities, fleeing political unrest or natural disasters, or reuniting with family members in another country. Migrants often face unique challenges when it comes to accessing healthcare services, as they may not have established relationships with healthcare providers in their new location, may face language barriers, and may lack familiarity with the local healthcare system.

It's important to note that these terms are not mutually exclusive, and an individual or group could be considered both transient and migrant depending on the context. For example, a refugee family who is resettling permanently in a new country might initially be considered transients as they establish themselves in their new home, but over time they would become part of the migrant population.

The Fluorescent Antibody Technique (FAT) is a type of immunofluorescence assay used in laboratory medicine and pathology for the detection and localization of specific antigens or antibodies in tissues, cells, or microorganisms. In this technique, a fluorescein-labeled antibody is used to selectively bind to the target antigen or antibody, forming an immune complex. When excited by light of a specific wavelength, the fluorescein label emits light at a longer wavelength, typically visualized as green fluorescence under a fluorescence microscope.

The FAT is widely used in diagnostic microbiology for the identification and characterization of various bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. It has also been applied in the diagnosis of autoimmune diseases and certain cancers by detecting specific antibodies or antigens in patient samples. The main advantage of FAT is its high sensitivity and specificity, allowing for accurate detection and differentiation of various pathogens and disease markers. However, it requires specialized equipment and trained personnel to perform and interpret the results.

Trypanosoma cruzi is a protozoan parasite that causes Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis. It's transmitted to humans and other mammals through the feces of triatomine bugs, often called "kissing bugs." The parasite can also be spread through contaminated food, drink, or from mother to baby during pregnancy or birth.

The life cycle of Trypanosoma cruzi involves two main forms: the infective metacyclic trypomastigote that is found in the bug's feces and the replicative intracellular amastigote that resides within host cells. The metacyclic trypomastigotes enter the host through mucous membranes or skin lesions, where they invade various types of cells and differentiate into amastigotes. These amastigotes multiply by binary fission and then differentiate back into trypomastigotes, which are released into the bloodstream when the host cell ruptures. The circulating trypomastigotes can then infect other cells or be taken up by another triatomine bug during a blood meal, continuing the life cycle.

Clinical manifestations of Chagas disease range from an acute phase with non-specific symptoms like fever, swelling, and fatigue to a chronic phase characterized by cardiac and gastrointestinal complications, which can develop decades after the initial infection. Early detection and treatment of Chagas disease are crucial for preventing long-term health consequences.

Malaria is not a medical definition itself, but it is a disease caused by parasites that are transmitted to people through the bites of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Here's a simple definition:

Malaria: A mosquito-borne infectious disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, characterized by cycles of fever, chills, and anemia. It can be fatal if not promptly diagnosed and treated. The five Plasmodium species known to cause malaria in humans are P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malariae, and P. knowlesi.

The 33 US-born persons who died of cysticercosis represented 15% of all cysticercosis-related deaths. The cysticercosis ... Ophthalmic cysticercosis can be diagnosed by visualizing parasite in eye by fundoscopy. In cases of human cysticercosis, ... "Cysticercosis of the Eye - EyeWiki". Richards F, Jr; Schantz, PM (1991). "Laboratory diagnosis of cysticercosis". Clinics in ... Cysticercosis was described by Johannes Udalric Rumler in 1555; however, the connection between tapeworms and cysticercosis had ...
... is a cutaneous condition caused by Taenia solium.: 433 Skin lesion James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; ...
... may refer to different presentations of Taenia-tapeworm infection: Taeniasis, a general term including ... asymptomatic cases Cysticercosis, caused specifically by the parasiteT. solium Neurocysticercosis, caused when the parasite ... inhabitis the brain This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Taeniasis-Cysticercosis. If an internal ...
This is referred to as cysticercosis. In adult T. pisiformis, the long hooks of the scolex are on average 239.9 μm (0.00944 in ... "Cysticercosis". Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Retrieved 24 April 2015. Esch, G.W.; Self, J.T. (December 1965). "A ... Daily doses of Praziquantel for about one to two weeks' time will be effective against larval cysticercosis in rabbits. One ... Owiny, J.R. (March 2001). "Cysticercosis in laboratory rabbits". Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal ...
Del Brutto, O. H. (2002). "Meningeal Cysticercosis". In Singh, G.; Prabhakar, S. (eds.). Taenia solium cysticercosis from basic ... At the same time, another German, Johann Zeder, had created a new genus Cysticercosis for a dog tapeworm. This genus was ... The tissue infection is called cysticercosis. Inside such hosts, they settle in the muscles. When humans eat raw or undercooked ... Del Brutto, Oscar H.; García, Héctor H. (December 2015). "Taenia solium Cysticercosis - The lessons of history". Journal of the ...
Therefore, there is no presence of cysticercosis in humans either. Typically, cysticercosis is a parasitical tissue infection ... It is an intestinal parasite in humans causing taeniasis (a type of helminthiasis) and cysticercosis in cattle. Cattle are the ... "Taeniasis/Cysticercosis". WHO Fact sheet no. 376. World Health Organization. 2013. Retrieved 7 February 2014. Uygur-Bayramiçli ... Like the other tapeworms, it causes taeniasis inside the human intestine, but does not cause cysticercosis. Its infection is ...
It is unclear if T. asiatica can cause cysticercosis. In pigs, the cysticercus can produce cysticercosis. Cysts develop in ... Cysticercosis occurs when contaminated food, water, or soil that contain T. solium eggs is eaten. Diagnosis of taeniasis is ... Together with cysticercosis, infections affect about 50 million people globally. The disease is most common in the developing ... For human cysticercosis, contaminated hands are the primary cause, and especially concerning among food handlers. Proper ...
García, H.H.; Gonzalez, A.E.; Evans, C.A.W. & Gilman, R.H. (2003). "Taenia solium cysticercosis". The Lancet. 362 (9383): 547- ...
Cysticercosis Hymenolepiasis Sulima, Anna; Savijoki, Kirsi; Bień, Justyna; Näreaho, Anu; Sałamatin, Rusłan; Conn, David Bruce; ...
Cysticercosis is the most common preventable cause of epilepsy in the developing world. Cysticercosis occurs after ingestion of ... Cysticercosis is a tapeworm larvae infection, while taeniasis is infection with adult tapeworms. Both are found in Asia, Africa ... "About Taeniasis/cysticercosis". Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014. "Signs, symptoms and ... "Transmission of taeniasis/cysticercosis". Archived from the original on 14 March 2014. Retrieved 13 March 2014. " ...
Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the young form of the pork tapeworm. Infection occurs through swallowing or ... Bale, James F. "Cysticercosis." Current Treatment Options in Neurology. 2000. pp. 355-360. Dunn, J., and Philip E. S. Palmer. " ... Bale, James F. "Cysticercosis." Current Treatment Options in Neurology. 2000. p. 355360 Usharani, A., et al. "Case Reports of ... ISBN 978-0-07-302827-9. "Taeniasis/Cysticercosis Fact sheet N°376". World Health Organization. February 2013. Archived from the ...
In contrast T. saginata does not cause cysticercosis. As its life cycle and mode of development are very similar to those of ... There is a suspicion that it may also cause cysticercosis in human. Like other taenids, humans are the definitive hosts, but in ... In pigs cysticercus has a tendency to produce cysticercosis. Cysts are formed in vital organs such as liver and lungs. ... Galán-Puchades, M. T.; Fuentes, M. V. (2009). "Diagnosis of Human Cysticercosis and Taenia asiatica". American Journal of ...
Humans develop cysticercosis when they ingest eggs of the pork tapeworm via contact with contaminated fecal matter or eating ... "While cysticercosis is endemic in Latin America, it is an emerging disease with increased prevalence in the United States." " ... Sorvillo FJ, DeGiorgio C, Waterman SH (February 2007). "Deaths from cysticercosis, United States". Emerging Infectious Diseases ...
"Intraocular cysticercosis simulating retinoblastoma in a 5-year-old child". Eye (Lond). 17 (3): 447-9. doi:10.1038/sj.eye. ... "Orbital cysticercosis: clinical manifestations, diagnosis, management, and outcome". Ophthalmology. 117 (3): 600-5, 605.e1. doi ... "Oral albendazole in the management of extraocular cysticercosis". Br J Ophthalmol. 78 (8): 621-3. doi:10.1136/bjo.78.8.621. PMC ... "Ultrasonological characteristics of extraocular cysticercosis". Orbit. 17 (4): 271-284. doi:10.1076/orbi.17.4.271.2739. PMID ...
Cohen, G (1958). "Cyst-wall calcification in intracranial cysticercosis". South African Medical Journal. 32 (43): 1033. Cohen, ...
1) Cysticercosis is rare in the U.S. and most parts of Europe. It is primarily found in immigrant species, or species that have ... Taenia hydatigena (thin-necked bladderworm, causative agent of cysticercosis) is one of the adult forms of the canine and ... This could be influential in future prevention methods.[citation needed] Cysticercosis can be treated using anthelmintic drugs ... Neurocysticercosis is a serious form of cysticercosis. Common symptoms include chronic headaches and seizures. Other symptoms ...
Kumar, Sunil; Jain, Shraddha; Kashikar, Shivali (December 2012). "Herculean appearance due to disseminated cysticercosis: case ...
... usually presents as a single nodule, while other cestode infections such as cysticercosis typically present as ... Lescano, Andres G; Zunt, Joseph (2013). Other cestodes: sparganosis, coenurosis and Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis. Handbook ...
Lescano, Andres G; Zunt, Joseph (2013). Other cestodes: sparganosis, coenurosis and Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis. Handbook ...
Cysticercosis (especially neurocysticercosis), which is caused by the larval form of the pork tapeworm (i.e. albendazole is the ... Taenia Solium Cysticercosis: From Basic to Clinical Science. CABI. pp. 368-371. ISBN 978-0-85199-839-8. "Albenza (Albendazole ...
Oscular cysticercosis can be effectively treated with Anthelminthics such as Albendazole or Praziquantel, oral corticosteroids ... Ntoukas V, Tappe D, Pfütze D, Simon M, Holzmann T. Cerebellar cysticercosis caused by larval Taenia crassiceps tapeworm in ... A case of intracranial T. crassiceps tapeworm cysticercosis with severe involvement of the cerebellum is described. A 51-year- ... Emerg Infect Dis 2013 Dec [December 16, 2013]. doi:10.3201/eid1912.130284 Ocular Cysticercosis~workup at eMedicine Ocular ...
Lescano, Andres G; Zunt, Joseph (2013). Other cestodes: sparganosis, coenurosis and Taenia crassiceps cysticercosis. Handbook ...
The vaccine has completed the clinical trials in Nepal and has shown to be effective to control cysticercosis in pigs of the ... Vaccination against ovine cysticercosis using a defined recombinant antigen. Nature, 338, 585-587. Cox, F.E.G., 1993. ... This led to the development of highly effective, recombinant vaccines against cysticercosis in cattle due to Taenia saginata ( ... The TSOL18 vaccine played an important role in a large-scale, successful, cysticercosis elimination program undertaken in the ...
2003). "Cerebral cysticercosis by Taenia crassiceps in a domestic cat". Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 15: 484 ...
Examples of such zoonoses include trichinosis, Taenia solium, cysticercosis, and brucellosis. Pigs also host large ...
IIL also introduced the world's first vaccine against Porcine Cysticercosis -Cysvax. IIL is the only producer of companion ...
"Taeniasis/Cysticercosis". www.who.int. Retrieved 2019-04-02. de Aluja, A.S.; Villalobos, A.N.M.; Plancarte, A.; Rodarte, L.F.; ... In many cases, cysticercosis in the brain can lead to epilepsy, seizures, lesions in the brain, blindness, tumour-like growths ... For human cysticercosis, dirty hands are attributed to be the primary cause, and especially common among food handlers. ... Treatment of cysticercosis must be carefully monitored for inflammatory reactions to the dying worms, especially if they are ...
This then may cause a multitude of viable eggs to be released and may result in cysticercosis. Therefore, a purge should be ... CNS cysticercosis is a life-threatening condition and may require brain surgery. Niclosamide inhibits glucose uptake, oxidative ...
Almost all patients with cerebral cysticercosis experience CNS side effects related to the cell-death of the parasites ( ... All patients with cerebral cysticercosis are strongly recommended to be hospitalized during treatment. Gastrointestinal tract: ... cysticercosis, echinococcosis, paragonimiasis, fasciolopsiasis, and fasciolosis. It should not be used for worm infections of ... Hydatid disease caused by infection of various organs with larval stages of tapeworms of the genus Echinococcus Cysticercosis ...
Some of his publications are as follows: Seroepidemiological survey of Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Kenya. Diagnosis of ... Taenia saginata cysticercosis in Kenyan cattle by antibody and antigen ELISA. Anthelmintic resistance amongst sheep and goats ...
The 33 US-born persons who died of cysticercosis represented 15% of all cysticercosis-related deaths. The cysticercosis ... Ophthalmic cysticercosis can be diagnosed by visualizing parasite in eye by fundoscopy. In cases of human cysticercosis, ... "Cysticercosis of the Eye - EyeWiki". Richards F, Jr; Schantz, PM (1991). "Laboratory diagnosis of cysticercosis". Clinics in ... Cysticercosis was described by Johannes Udalric Rumler in 1555; however, the connection between tapeworms and cysticercosis had ...
Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in ... Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in ... Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in ... Cysticercosis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 21st ...
... is the causative organism of cysticercosis, in which humans are the intermediate hosts in the life cycle. Cysticercus ... Cysticercosis affects an estimated 50 million people worldwide. Ocular cysticercosis is endemic in tropical areas, such as sub- ... 9] the most common site of involvement in ocular cysticercosis is subretinal. In India, both intraocular cysticercosis and ... encoded search term (Ocular Cysticercosis) and Ocular Cysticercosis What to Read Next on Medscape ...
Cysticercosis should be considered in any adult with new-onset seizures who comes from an endemic area or has had potential ... Cysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium, a cestode parasite.. Transmission. Transmission occurs through ingestion of eggs ... CDC website: Cysticercosis. The following authors contributed to the previous version of this chapter: Susan Montgomery, ... Cysticercosis occurs globally and is common where sanitary conditions are poor and where pigs have access to human feces. ...
Multipart image showing multiple cysticercosis in brain, orbital muscles, orbital fat, optic nerve sheath. ... Multipart image showing multiple cysticercosis in brain, orbital muscles, orbital fat, optic nerve sheath. ...
Cysticercosis is caused by the metacestode, or larval, stage ... ... Cysticercosis (ie, infection caused by eggs of the pork ... encoded search term (Cysticercosis (Pork Tapeworm Infection)) and Cysticercosis (Pork Tapeworm Infection) What to Read Next on ... Cysticercosis (Pork Tapeworm Infection) Differential Diagnoses. Updated: Jun 07, 2023 * Author: Joseph Adrian L Buensalido, MD ... Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru (CWG). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1995 Feb. 52(2):145-8. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. ...
Cases of cysticercosis presenting as isolated muscle mass (pseudotumours) without involvement of the CNS have also been ... Ultrasonography and MRI findings were suggestive of cysticercosis involving the temporalis muscle which resolved after the ... Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of the parasitic cestode, ,i,Taenia solium,/i,. It is a ... Cysticercosis Involving Muscle of Mastication: A Review and Report of Two Cases. Sarbjeet Singh. ,1V. Sreenivasan. ,2Kanika ...
Cysticercosis (SIS-tuh-sir-KO-sis) is a potentially serious disease of humans caused when people ingest the eggs of a tapeworm ... Home , Case News , Cysticercosis - Pork Tapeworm. Cysticercosis - Pork Tapeworm. By Food Poisoning Lawyer on February 20, 2009 ... Cysticercosis (SIS-tuh-sir-KO-sis) is a potentially serious disease of humans caused when people ingest the eggs of a tapeworm ... Cysticercosis (tapeworm cysts in muscle or the nervous system in humans), caused by pigs eating human feces, can be prevented ...
The information in this database is provided as a service to our users. Any use of information in the web site should be accompanied by an acknowledgment of WHO as the source. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the user. In no event shall the World Health Organization be liable for any damages arising from the use of the information linked to this section ...
... ... were able to make the link between taeniosis and cysticercosis in people and pigs. ... and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine featured a presentation on results on a survey of Taenia solium cysticercosis ... awareness among the pig farmers on the transmission cycle of pig-borne diseases like taeniosis and Taenia solium cysticercosis ...
Factors Associated with Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Analysis of Nine Hundred Forty-Six Peruvian Neurologic Patients published ... The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru (CWG) The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru (CWG) Laboratorio de Parasitologia, ... Search for other papers by The Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru (CWG) in. Current site. Google Scholar. PubMed Close ... Factors Associated with Taenia solium Cysticercosis: Analysis of Nine Hundred Forty-Six Peruvian Neurologic Patients ...
Quality Cysticercosis (T. Solium) ELISA kit from ELISA kits manufacturer and elisa kits supplier: T. Solium ELISA test kit. Our ... Cysticercosis IgG ELISA kit description:. Cysticercosis ELISA kit is an ELISA test for the qualitative identification of serum ... In addition, Cysticercosis can cause seizures and cranial pressure in the brain. This Cysticercosis ELISA test should not be ... Cysticercosis Elisa Test Kit is for the qualitative identification of serum antibodies to T. solum antigen. ...
Cysticercosis is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm (Taenia solium). Humans can be infected either by consumption of ... Cysticercosis, Myocutaneous cysticercosis, Taenia solium, Abdominal swelling, Ultrasound.. Introduction. Cysticercosis is a ... Taeniasis/cysticercosis. 2022.. *Bhat V, Nagarjuna M, Belaval V, et al. Cysticercosis of the masseter: MRI and sonographic ... Myocutaneous cysticercosis in a 2-year-old girl: A rare case report.. Mohammad Tahazzul*, Raj Wardhan, Motamarri Naga Sai ...
Cysticercosis was more common in the province Preah Vihear. (p,0.001) than in the other provinces. Management systems for the ... cysticercosis and trichinellosis. The results from this study can be used to guide future. interventions and studies to improve ... Cysticercosis and trichinellosis are two parasitic zoonoses that are prevalent among pigs in. Southeast Asia. The two diseases ... porcine cysticercosis and trichinellosis in rural Cambodia, and to identify possible risk factors. for both diseases. In total ...
Patients with disseminated cysticercosis, defined as the presence of multiple viable neurocysticerci (≥ 3) in the brain along ... Cyclical use of albendazole appears efficacious in treating disseminated cysticercosis. The method of quantification described ... The management of disseminated cysticercosis is unclear and largely considered hazardous. The role of albendazole remains ... A diagnosis of cysticercosis was made on the basis of the established diagnostic criteria [18, 19].Disseminated cysticercosis ...
โรคถุงตัวตืด #Cysticercosis ...
Cysticercosis and Neurocysticercosis. Croker C, Redelings M, Reporter R, Sorvillo F, Mascola L, et al. The impact of ... Sorvillo F, Wilkins P, Shafir S, Eberhard M. Public health implications of cysticercosis acquired in the United States. Emerg ... Sero-prevalence of Taenia solium cysticercosis and Taenia solium taeniasis in California, USA. Acta Neurolo Scandi. 2005:111(2 ...
The seroprevalence of cysticercosis was 10 percent, T. cruzi 2 percent, and plasmodia species 4.4 percent. One case of active ... The seroprevalence of cysticercosis, malaria, and Trypanosoma cruzi among North Carolina migrant farmworkers.. ... "The seroprevalence of cysticercosis, malaria, and Trypanosoma cruzi among North Carolina migrant farmworkers." vol. 108, no. 6 ... "The seroprevalence of cysticercosis, malaria, and Trypanosoma cruzi among North Carolina migrant farmworkers." 108, no. 6 (1993 ...
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Two significant bovine cysticercosis clusters were detected. The number of patients diagnosed with taeniosis in primary care ... Cattle movement history was used to identify the most likely place of bovine cysticercosis infection and to investigate its ... This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine cysticercosis in Catalonia (2008-2015), and the ... During 2008-2015, between 18 and 107 cattle were found positive for cysticercosis each year (prevalence at slaughter of 0.010 ...
Evaluation of an Antibody Detecting Point of Care Test for Diagnosis of Taenia solium Cysticercosis in a Zambian Rural ... Evaluation of an Antibody Detecting Point of Care Test for Diagnosis of Taenia solium Cysticercosis in a Zambian Rural ...
Taenia solium cysticercosis. In humans and pigs infection with the metacestode larvae (cysticercus) of Taenia solium. ... Taenia solium cysticercosis Posted by Lieven Gevaert, Gentaur BV on 5th Feb 2022 ...
CYSTICERCOSIS Western Blot (WB) IgG est un test qualitatif de diagnostic sérologique IgG par immunoblot de la cysticercose ...
Cysticercosis is a systemic illness caused by dissemination of the larval form of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium. Encystment ... encoded search term (Cysticercosis in Emergency Medicine) and Cysticercosis in Emergency Medicine What to Read Next on Medscape ... Cysticercosis in Emergency Medicine. Updated: Aug 11, 2015 * Author: Ryan L Tenzer, MD, FAAEM; Chief Editor: Barry E Brenner, ... Human cysticercosis occurs when T solium eggs are ingested via fecal-oral transmission from a tapeworm host. The human then ...
Laboratory diagnosis of cysticercosis. Clin Lab Med. 1991;11:1011-28. 5. Romero Deleon E, Aguirra A. Oral cysticercosis. Oral ... Introduction: Cysticercosis occurs when man is infested by the larvae of Taenia solium. Cysticercosis involving the ... Four different sonographic appearances in cysticercosis have been described by Vijayaraghvan 10. On ultrasound, cysticercosis ... Cysticercosis of the oral cavity: report of five cases and a review of literature. Int J Paediat Dent. 1998;8:273-8. ...
en.wikipedia.org › wiki › CysticercosisCysticercosis - Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Cysticercosis. ... Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the young form of the pork tapeworm. [6] [1] People may have few or no symptoms ...
Disseminated cysticercosis: whole body MRI.. Jyoti Kumar, Suchita Gorghate. BMJ Case Reports 2015 July 10 ...
Markwalder K, Hess K, Valavanis A, Witassek F "Cerebral cysticercosis: treatment with praziquantel. Report of two cases." Am J ... Since parasite destruction within the eye can cause irreparable lesions, ocular cysticercosis should not be treated with ... and any other signs of potential central nervous system involvement such as subcutaneous nodules suggestive of cysticercosis. ...
Topic: Cysticercosis. (Please note that the documents listed below are sorted by date.). Recommendations of the International ...
Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. At the beginning of the study, 111 pigs were examined. In an ... The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention ... The overall prevalence of porcine cysticercosis was 16.2%.. Table 4 Percentage prevalence of porcine cysticercosis in control ... Definition of a case of confirmed porcine cysticercosis. The definition of a confirmed case of cysticercosis which was adopted ...
  • The objective was to determine the seroprevalence of porcine cysticercosis and trichinellosis in rural Cambodia, and to identify possible risk factors for both diseases. (slu.se)
  • Although the present study is relatively small,several risk factors could be identified for porcine cysticercosis and trichinellosis. (slu.se)
  • Porcine cysticercosis was evaluated by post-mortem examination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The prevalence of porcine cysticercosis for the two sites was 16.2% at the beginning of the study (17.2% in the intervention area and 15.1% in the control area) with no statistically significant difference ( P = 0.759) between the two study sites. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Taenia solium cysticercosis is an important cause of human disease in many developing countries, Porcine cysticercosis is a vital link in the transmission of this disease and impairs meat production. (edu.pe)
  • A treatment for porcine cysticercosis may be an effective way of preventing human disease that would also benefit pig farmers, facilitating control programs in disease-endemic regions. (edu.pe)
  • Previous research suggests that reinfection with cysticercosis or immunotherapy with cysticercal antigens may cause degeneration of cysticerci, potentially curing porcine cysticercosis. (edu.pe)
  • This investigation confirms that porcine cysticercosis clusters strongly around tapeworm carriers in endemic rural regions of northern Peru and supports interventions that target these hotspots. (elsevierpure.com)
  • The objective of this study was to determine the financial efficiency of health and pig management education intervention in reducing the incidence rate of porcine cysticercosis to smallholder pig farmers in Mbulu District, northern Tanzania. (cipav.org.co)
  • The sensitivity analysis showed that the health education intervention would remain financially efficient regardless of plausible changes in costs and benefits in the pig production, as well as plausible changes in the incidence rate of porcine cysticercosis. (cipav.org.co)
  • It is recommended that smallholder pig farmers in Mbulu District be educated on how to control porcine cysticercosis in order to improve their economic well being. (cipav.org.co)
  • Porcine cysticercosis has been reported in many developing countries of Latin America, Asia and Africa. (cipav.org.co)
  • Porcine cysticercosis has been reported in Tanzania. (cipav.org.co)
  • Financial losses due to porcine cysticercosis have been reported by several studies elsewhere. (cipav.org.co)
  • Also, the effects of endemic porcine cysticercosis in terms of productivity losses and control costs should be dealt with at the producer level. (cipav.org.co)
  • There are no previous field studies that had directly measured the economic impact of porcine cysticercosis or the efficiency of any measure directed to the control of the parasite in Tanzania. (cipav.org.co)
  • This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and related risk factors of porcine cysticercosis (caused by Taenia solium) and African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs, and assesses the state of pork inspection in urban/peri-urban areas of Morogoro region, Tanzania, between November 2010 and January 2011. (ac.tz)
  • Serum samples were tested for the presence of circulating parasite antigen using a monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Ag-ELISA) and indirect ELISA (Ab- ELISA) for porcine cysticercosis and ASF, respectively. (ac.tz)
  • In addition, a questionnaire survey to collect information on pig production, occurrence and awareness of porcine cysticercosis and African swine fever, risk factors for both diseases was conducted in the selected households from which pigs were sampled. (ac.tz)
  • This study recommends further extensive surveillance aiming at monitoring porcine cysticercosis dynamics in urban/peri-urban pig farming so that more baseline information can be available not only for research purposes but even for design and implementation of long term control strategies. (ac.tz)
  • Eating undercooked pork containing cysticerci results in tapeworm infection (taeniasis), not human cysticercosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Wu W, Qian X, Huang Y, Hong Q. A review of the control of clonorchiasis sinensis and Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis in China. (medscape.com)
  • A systematic review of taeniasis, cysticercosis and trichinellosis in Vietnam. (medscape.com)
  • Cysticercosis/taeniasis endemicity in Southeast Asia: Current status and control measures. (medscape.com)
  • Taeniasis and cysticercosis occur worldwide. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Suazo Hernandez, LP & White, AC 2016, Helminthic Diseases: Taeniasis and Cysticercosis due to Taenia solium . (utmb.edu)
  • Human taeniasis (HTT) and human cysticercosis (HCC) age-prevalence data from 16 studies in Latin America, Africa and Asia were extracted through a systematic review. (imperial.ac.uk)
  • Some European studies report a higher incidence of ocular cysticercosis than neurocysticercosis. (medscape.com)
  • Infection with the cystic form is known as cysticercosis whereas involvement of the central nervous system is called neurocysticercosis. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The clinical syndromes caused by the larval stage of tapeworm include neurocysticercosis and extra neural cysticercosis [ 2 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Cysticercosis is usually asymptomatic unless larvae invade the central nervous system, resulting in neurocysticercosis, which can cause seizures and various other neurologic signs. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cysticercosis is prevalent, and neurocysticercosis is a major cause of seizure disorders in Latin America. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cysticercosis is a tissue infection caused by the young form of the pork tapeworm. (wikipedia.org)
  • People who live with someone with the pork tapeworm have a greater risk of getting cysticercosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • The cause of human cysticercosis is the egg form of Taenia solium (often abbreviated as T. solium and also called pork tapeworm), which is transmitted through the oral-fecal route. (wikipedia.org)
  • Only a small minority of patients with cysticercosis will harbor a tapeworm, rendering stool studies ineffective for diagnosis. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cysticercus cellulosae, the larval form of the pork tapeworm Taenia solium, is the causative organism of cysticercosis , in which humans are the intermediate hosts in the life cycle. (medscape.com)
  • Human cysticercosis occurs when T solium eggs are ingested via fecal-oral transmission from a tapeworm host. (medscape.com)
  • Cysticercosis should be considered in any adult with new-onset seizures who comes from an endemic area or has had potential exposure to a tapeworm carrier. (cdc.gov)
  • Cysticercosis (SIS-tuh-sir-KO-sis) is a potentially serious disease of humans caused when people ingest the eggs of a tapeworm that lives in the intestines of other humans. (marlerblog.com)
  • Tapeworm cysts develop in the body (the condition called cysticercosis) around two to three months after ingesting the tapeworm eggs. (marlerblog.com)
  • Cysticercosis is caused by the larval stage of the tapeworm ( Taenia solium ). (alliedacademies.org)
  • Cysticercosis is a systemic illness caused by dissemination of the larval form of the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium . (medscape.com)
  • Prior studies in rural villages of Peru have observed clusters of T. solium cysticercosis among pigs that live near human tapeworm carriers. (elsevierpure.com)
  • In this study, we evaluated the association between necropsy-confirmed cysticercosis in pigs and their distance to T. solium tapeworm carriers in six villages in northern Peru. (elsevierpure.com)
  • Patricia Wilkins] Cysticercosis is an infection of both people and pigs that is caused by the pork tapeworm, Taenia solium . (cdc.gov)
  • The lifecycle of the pork tapeworm involves two stages: the adult tapeworm, which lives in the human intestine, and the larval stage, which causes cysticercosis. (cdc.gov)
  • Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium ( T solium ). (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cysticercosis is caused by swallowing eggs from T solium . (medlineplus.gov)
  • Cysticercosis is caused by Taenia solium , a cestode parasite. (cdc.gov)
  • Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by the larval stages of the parasitic cestode, Taenia solium . (hindawi.com)
  • This week's (4-8 September 2016) first joint international conference of the Association of Institutions for Tropical Veterinary Medicine and the Society of Tropical Veterinary Medicine featured a presentation on results on a survey of Taenia solium cysticercosis risk factors, perceptions and practices in smallholder pig production systems in Uganda. (ilri.org)
  • The findings of the study point to a need to raise awareness among the pig farmers on the transmission cycle of pig-borne diseases like taeniosis and Taenia solium cysticercosis to help improve smallholder pig production and management. (ilri.org)
  • Cysticercosis occurs when man is infested by the larvae of Taenia solium. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cysticercosis results from the ingestion Taenia solium eggs directly by faecal-oral route or contaminated food or water. (uevora.pt)
  • Cysticercosis is infection with larvae of T. solium , which develops after ingestion of ova excreted in human feces. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cysticercosis in human is caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, where a man acts as an intermediate host instead of the definitive host. (atmph.org)
  • Ocular cysticercosis is endemic in tropical areas, such as sub-Saharan Africa, India, and East Asia. (medscape.com)
  • The incidence is more common in the Asian and Latin American populations, in which cysticercosis is endemic. (medscape.com)
  • Cysticercosis is uncommon in travelers, but is more likely in long-term travelers, in immigrants and refugees from endemic regions, and in people who visit friends and relatives in endemic areas. (cdc.gov)
  • Cysticercosis is endemic in northern India, especially in the states of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, and Punjab. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Epidemiology of taeniosis/cysticercosis in Europe, a systematic review: eastern Europe. (medscape.com)
  • The study found that 63% of interviewed farmers were aware about taeniosis but less than 1% were able to make the link between taeniosis and cysticercosis in people and pigs. (ilri.org)
  • Enhanced steroid dosing reduces seizures during antiparasitic treatment for cysticercosis and early after. (cdc.gov)
  • In addition, Cysticercosis can cause seizures and cranial pressure in the brain. (rapidtest.com)
  • Cysticercosis is one of the most common causes of adult-onset seizures accounting for one third of the total cases. (alliedacademies.org)
  • As a general rule this drug should not be administered in individuals with a history of epilepsy or seizures and any other signs of potential central nervous system involvement such as subcutaneous nodules suggestive of cysticercosis. (drugs.com)
  • Paediatric cases of extra neural cysticercosis have hardly been reported. (alliedacademies.org)
  • These factors could increase the risk for cysticercosis and trichinellosis in humans in Cambodia, but information regarding the prevalence in rural small-scale pig production is still very limited. (slu.se)
  • This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and spatial distribution of bovine cysticercosis in Catalonia (2008-2015), and the burden from T. saginata upon the animal and human sectors in Catalonia (2013-2015). (biomedcentral.com)
  • Ultrasonography and MRI findings were suggestive of cysticercosis involving the temporalis muscle which resolved after the albendazole therapy. (hindawi.com)
  • The features on both USG and MRI were suggestive of cysticercosis involving the right temporalis muscle. (hindawi.com)
  • The Mohanlalganj area in Lucknow, where pig rearing is prevalent, has reported a high incidence of cysticercosis (26%) in swine, with more than 40% of them having NCC [ 4 , 5 ]. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Although, the exact incidence is still unknown, oral cysticercosis is a rare event. (atmph.org)
  • Cyclical use of albendazole appears efficacious in treating disseminated cysticercosis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In a recent prospective evaluation, besides a comprehensive review of literature, we demonstrated that the standard dose (15 mg/kg/body weight) of albendazole given for 4 weeks was safe in patients with disseminated cysticercosis, and those who received albendazole did better in terms of clinical and radiological outcome as compared to patients who received symptomatic treatment alone. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Cysticercosis also affects pigs and cows but rarely causes symptoms as most are slaughtered before symptoms arise. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cysticercosis occurs globally and is common where sanitary conditions are poor and where pigs have access to human feces. (cdc.gov)
  • Cysticercosis and trichinellosis are two parasitic zoonoses that are prevalent among pigs in Southeast Asia. (slu.se)
  • For that reason, human cysticercosis can be found in populations that neither eat pork nor share environments with pigs. (cdc.gov)
  • The location of cysticercosis in the order of frequency is central nervous system, subcutaneous tissue, striated muscle, vitreous humor of the eye and rarely other tissues 2 . (bvsalud.org)
  • [ 9 ] the most common site of involvement in ocular cysticercosis is subretinal. (medscape.com)
  • Since parasite destruction within the eye can cause irreparable lesions, ocular cysticercosis should not be treated with praziquantel. (drugs.com)
  • Cattle movement history was used to identify the most likely place of bovine cysticercosis infection and to investigate its spatial distribution. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Two significant bovine cysticercosis clusters were detected. (biomedcentral.com)
  • In the European Union (EU), Regulation (EC) No 854/2004 [ 5 ] establishes that all bovines over six weeks-old are to be individually examined for bovine cysticercosis through visual examination, incision and palpation of several muscular tissues. (biomedcentral.com)
  • While ingestion of pork is not essential to develop cysticercosis but individuals who harbour the adult form may infect themselves with the eggs by the fecal-oral route. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Humans may develop intestinal infection with adult worms after ingestion of contaminated pork or may develop cysticercosis after ingestion of eggs (making humans intermediate hosts). (msdmanuals.com)
  • Ophthalmic cysticercosis can be diagnosed by visualizing parasite in eye by fundoscopy. (wikipedia.org)
  • have liver problems, · suffer from heart disease, including problems with your heart rhythm, · have a history of epilepsy of suffer from convulsions (fits), · have a history of cysticercosis nodules (bumps) just under the skin, · have a worm infection of the brain. (who.int)
  • Primary multiple temporal cystic lesion, minimally en- human infection are E. granulosus and cerebral hydatid cysts are quite unu- hanced after contrast. (who.int)
  • The seroprevalence of cysticercosis, malaria, and Trypanosoma cruzi among North Carolina migrant farmworkers. (cdc.gov)
  • Seroprevalence for cysticercosis by immunoblot was similarly high in both groups (23.3% and 23.8%, respectively). (johnshopkins.edu)
  • A provisional diagnosis of juvenile fibroma was given and differential diagnoses of fibroma, cysticercosis, intramuscular hemangioma and intramuscular lipoma were considered. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cysticercosis is usually acquired by eating food or drinking water contaminated by tapeworms' eggs from human feces. (wikipedia.org)
  • The two diseases can cause serious illnesses in humans and human cysticercosis is a leading cause of death from food-borne diseases globally. (slu.se)
  • Cysticercosis ELISA kit is an ELISA test for the qualitative identification of serum antibodies (IgG) to Taenia solum antigen. (rapidtest.com)
  • This Cysticercosis ELISA test should not be the sole method of diagnosis. (rapidtest.com)
  • See the Cysticercosis ELISA Kit product insert for details on preparation, procedures, quality control, and test result interpretation. (rapidtest.com)
  • The serum samples were analysed with ELISA for presence of antigens for cysticercosis or antibodies towards trichinellosis. (slu.se)
  • A tentative diagnosis of parasitic granuloma, most likely cysticercosis was made. (atmph.org)
  • Furthermore, the respondents that had heard of cysticercosis were more commonly men (p=0.002), and were also consuming undercooked pork meat to a greater extent (p=0.004). (slu.se)
  • Being female, older than 30, and having daily contact with pork were factors strongly associated with a positive serologic result for cysticercosis in the chicharroneros, whereas males were more frequently seropositive in the general villagers group. (johnshopkins.edu)
  • Cysticercosis is a leading cause of adult onset epilepsy, and can sometimes be fatal. (cdc.gov)
  • Univariable statistical analyses were used to identify associations between potential risk factors and positivity for cysticercosis and trichinellosis. (slu.se)
  • In cases of human cysticercosis, diagnosis is a sensitive problem and requires biopsy of the infected tissue or sophisticated instruments. (wikipedia.org)
  • Cysticercosis involving the maxillofacial region is not only an uncommon event, but also represents a difficulty in clinical diagnosis. (bvsalud.org)
  • The present manuscript highlights masseteric cysticercosis as a differential diagnosis of chronic maxillofacial swellings and the role of high resolution sonography as an important noninvasive and non-ionizing imaging modality. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cysticercosis should always be a part of the differential diagnosis of maxillofacial swellings. (bvsalud.org)
  • Incisional biopsy of the lesion was performed which confirmed the diagnosis of left masseteric cysticercosis with subacute inflammation ( figure 4 ). (bvsalud.org)
  • [1] The objective of this article is to document the value of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in the diagnosis of labial cysticercosis. (atmph.org)
  • Final diagnosis of labial cysticercosis with florid granulomatous reaction was made. (atmph.org)
  • [1] Pre-operative diagnosis of cysticercosis can be made by FNAC. (atmph.org)
  • The diagnosis of cysticercosis is made when larval cuticle and parenchyma are identified, but the presence of scolex in aspirates is uncommon. (atmph.org)
  • In India, both intraocular cysticercosis and extraocular cysticercosis is observed with almost equal frequency. (medscape.com)
  • Cysticercosis is widely prevalent among swine population in India. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Cases of cysticercosis presenting as isolated muscle mass (pseudotumours) without involvement of the CNS have also been recently described in the literature. (hindawi.com)
  • Patients with disseminated cysticercosis, defined as the presence of multiple viable neurocysticerci (≥ 3) in the brain along with involvement of an additional extra site, were included in the study. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Lip is the rare site of involvement in cysticercosis. (atmph.org)
  • Cysticercosis is an infect ion caused by cysticercus (Gr. kystis: bladder + kerkosi: tail), a larval form of Taenia species. (bvsalud.org)
  • The article looks at the public health implications of cysticercosis acquired in the United States. (cdc.gov)
  • Cysticercosis is known as an infection of the larval form (cysticeri) of Taenia in organs or tissues. (rapidtest.com)
  • Orbital cysticercosis most frequently affects individuals aged 10-30 years. (medscape.com)
  • With adequate treatment, the prognosis is good in most individuals with orbital cysticercosis as the cyst resolves. (medscape.com)
  • Multipart image showing multiple cysticercosis in brain, orbital muscles, orbital fat, optic nerve sheath. (aao.org)
  • Patricia Wilkins] Yes it can be, and like other foodborne illnesses, cysticercosis is caused by people eating or drinking something that has been contaminated with a pathogen. (cdc.gov)
  • This article presents a case of cysticercosis involving the masseter as a facial swelling, diagnosed with high-resolution ultrasonography and managed conservatively. (bvsalud.org)
  • If you have any symptoms of cysticercosis, contact your health care provider. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Control of symptoms is the cornerstone of cysticercosis therapy. (cdc.gov)
  • Cystcerci in muscles generally do not cause symptoms, however oral and maxillofacial region is not a frequent site of occurrence for cysticercosis despite the presence of abundance of muscular tissue. (bvsalud.org)
  • Cysticercosis is a common disease in developing countries. (atmph.org)
  • Cysticercosis is frequently thought of as an imported disease and that's often the case. (cdc.gov)
  • Intraocular cysticercosis may lead to blindness due to the severity of induced inflammation. (medscape.com)
  • Data on cattle diagnosed with cysticercosis at meat inspection were collected and analysed. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We present a case of masseteric cysticercosis in an eight year old Indian boy, its clinical features, the imaging modalities required and adequate management of the case. (bvsalud.org)