A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2-3 dozen AMINO ACIDS, so there is no free N- or C-terminus. They are further characterized by six conserved CYSTEINE residues that form CYSTINE KNOT MOTIFS.
A plant genus of the family VIOLACEAE. Some species in this genus are called bouncing bet which is a common name more often used with SAPONARIA OFFICINALIS. Members contain macrocyclic peptides.
A plant genus of the family RUBIACEAE. Some species are used as an ingredient in Chinese and African traditional medicines. Members contain kalata B1, a macrocyclic peptide.
Amino acid sequence in which two disulfide bonds (DISULFIDES) and their connecting backbone form a ring that is penetrated by a third disulfide bond. Members include CYCLOTIDES and agouti-related protein.
A plant family of the order Violales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.
A plant genus of the family POACEAE. The seed is one of the EDIBLE GRAINS used in millet cereals and in feed for birds and livestock (ANIMAL FEED). It contains diosgenin (SAPONINS).
A plant genus of the family FABACEAE that contains ternatins (anthocyanins) and preternatins, antifungal proteins, stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione, and clitoriacetal (ROTENONE).
Infestation with nematode worms of the genus TRICHOSTRONGYLUS. Man and animals become infected by swallowing larvae, usually with contaminated food or drink, although the larvae may penetrate human skin.
A plant family of the order Solanales, subclass Asteridae. Among the most important are POTATOES; TOMATOES; CAPSICUM (green and red peppers); TOBACCO; and BELLADONNA.
A genus of parasitic nematodes found in the digestive tract of herbivorous animals. They cause incidental infections in humans from the following species: Trichostrongylus colubriformis, T. orientalis, T. axei, and T. probolurus.
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
Peptides whose amino and carboxy ends are linked together with a peptide bond forming a circular chain. Some of them are ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS. Some of them are biosynthesized non-ribosomally (PEPTIDE BIOSYNTHESIS, NON-RIBOSOMAL).

An unusual structural motif of antimicrobial peptides containing end-to-end macrocycle and cystine-knot disulfides. (1/74)

Four macrocyclic cystine-knot peptides of 29-31 residues, kalata, circulin A and B (CirA and CirB), and cyclopsychotride, have been isolated from coffee plants but have undetermined physiological functions. These macrocycles and 10 of their analogs prepared by chemical synthesis were tested against nine strains of microbes. Kalata and CirA were specific for the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with a minimum inhibition concentration of approximately 0.2 microM. They were relatively ineffective against Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, CirB and cyclopsychotride were active against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In particular, CirB showed potent activity against E. coli with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.41 microM. All four cyclic peptides were moderately active against two strains of fungi, Candida kefyr and Candida tropicalis, but were inactive against Candida albicans. These macrocycles are cytotoxic and lysed human red blood cell with a lethal dose 50% of 400 microM. Modifying the Arg residue in kalata with a keto aldehyde significantly reduced its activity against S. aureus whereas blocking the arg in CirA produced no significant effect. The two-disulfide variants and their scrambled disulfide isomers exhibited antimicrobial profiles and potency similar to their native peptides. However, in high-salt assays (100 mM NaCl), few of these macrocyclic peptides, natives or analogs, retained antimicrobial activity. These results show that the macrocyclic peptides possess specific and potent antimicrobial activity that is salt-dependent and that their initial interactions with the microbial surfaces may be electrostatic, an effect commonly found in defensin antimicrobial peptides. Furthermore, their end-to-end cyclic structure with a cystine-knot motif represents a molecular structure of antimicrobials and may provide a useful template for the design of novel peptide antibiotics.  (+info)

Acyclic permutants of naturally occurring cyclic proteins. Characterization of cystine knot and beta-sheet formation in the macrocyclic polypeptide kalata B1. (2/74)

Kalata B1 is a prototypic member of the unique cyclotide family of macrocyclic polypeptides in which the major structural features are a circular peptide backbone, a triple-stranded beta-sheet, and a cystine knot arrangement of three disulfide bonds. The cyclotides are the only naturally occurring family of circular proteins and have prompted us to explore the concept of acyclic permutation, i.e. opening the backbone of a cross-linked circular protein in topologically permuted ways. We have synthesized the complete suite of acyclic permutants of kalata B1 and examined the effect of acyclic permutation on structure and activity. Only two of six topologically distinct backbone loops are critical for folding into the native conformation, and these involve disruption of the embedded ring in the cystine knot. Surprisingly, it is possible to disrupt regions of the beta-sheet and still allow folding into native-like structure, provided the cystine knot is intact. Kalata B1 has mild hemolytic activity, but despite the overall structure of the native peptide being retained in all but two cases, none of the acyclic permutants displayed hemolytic activity. This loss of activity is not localized to one particular region and suggests that cyclization is critical for hemolytic activity.  (+info)

Cyclotides: a novel type of cytotoxic agents. (3/74)

Cytotoxic activities of three naturally occurring macrocyclic peptides (cyclotides) isolated from the two violets, Viola arvensis Murr. and Viola odorata L., were investigated. A nonclonogenic fluorometric microculture assay was used to examine cytotoxicity in a panel of 10 human tumor cell lines representing defined types of cytotoxic drug resistance. Additionally, primary cultures of tumor cells from patients, and for comparison normal lymphocytes, were used to quantify cytotoxic activity. All three cyclotides, varv A, varv F, and cycloviolacin 02, exhibited strong cytotoxic activities, which varied in a dose-dependent manner. Cycloviolacin 02 was the most potent in all cell lines (IC50 0.1-0.3 microM), followed by varv A (IC50 2.7-6.35 microM) and varv F (IC50 2.6-7.4 microM), respectively. Activity profiles of the cyclotides differed significantly from those of antitumor drugs in clinical use, which may indicate a new mode of action. This, together with the exceptional chemical and biological stability of cyclotides, makes them interesting in particular for their potential as pharmacological tools and possibly as leads to antitumor agents.  (+info)

Disulfide folding pathways of cystine knot proteins. Tying the knot within the circular backbone of the cyclotides. (4/74)

The plant cyclotides are a fascinating family of circular proteins that contain a cyclic cystine knot motif. The knotted topology and cyclic nature of the cyclotides pose interesting questions about folding mechanisms and how the knotted arrangement of disulfide bonds is formed. In the current study we have examined the oxidative refolding and reductive unfolding of the prototypic cyclotide, kalata B1. A stable two-disulfide intermediate accumulated during oxidative refolding but not in reductive unfolding. Mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy were used to show that the intermediate contained a native-like structure with two native disulfide bonds topologically similar to the intermediate isolated for the related cystine knot protein EETI-II (Le-Nguyen, D., Heitz, A., Chiche, L., El Hajji, M., and Castro B. (1993) Protein Sci. 2, 165-174). However, the folding intermediate observed for kalata B1 is not the immediate precursor of the three-disulfide native peptide and does not accumulate in the reductive unfolding process, in contrast to the intermediate observed for EETI-II. These alternative pathways of linear and cyclic cystine knot proteins appear to be related to the constraints imposed by the cyclic backbone of kalata B1 and the different ring size of the cystine knot. The three-dimensional structure of a synthetic version of the two-disulfide intermediate of kalata B1 in which Ala residues replace the reduced Cys residues provides a structural insight into why the two-disulfide intermediate is a kinetic trap on the folding pathway.  (+info)

The CRIPTO/FRL-1/CRYPTIC (CFC) domain of human Cripto. Functional and structural insights through disulfide structure analysis. (5/74)

The disulfide structure of the CRIPTO/FRL-1/CRYPTIC (CFC) domain of human Cripto protein was determined by a combination of enzymatic and chemical fragmentation, followed by chromatographic separation of the fragments, and characterization by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. These studies showed that Cys115 forms a disulfide bond with Cys133, Cys128 with Cys149, and Cys131 with Cys140. Protein database searching and molecular modeling revealed that the pattern of disulfide linkages in the CFC domain of Cripto is the same as that in PARS intercerebralis major Peptide C (PMP-C), a serine protease inhibitor, and that the EGF-CFC domains of Cripto are predicted to be structurally homologous to the EGF-VWFC domains of the C-terminal extracellular portions of Jagged 1 and Jagged 2. Biochemical studies of the interactions of ALK4 with the CFC domain of Cripto by fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis indicate that the CFC domain binds to ALK4 independent of the EGF domain. A molecular model of the CFC domain of Cripto was constructed based on the nuclear magnetic resonance structure of PMP-C. This model reveals a hydrophobic patch in the domain opposite to the presumed ALK4 binding site. This hydrophobic patch may be functionally important for the formation of intra or intermolecular complexes.  (+info)

Disulfide mapping of the cyclotide kalata B1. Chemical proof of the cystic cystine knot motif. (6/74)

The cyclotides are a recently discovered family of plant proteins that have the fascinating structural feature of a continuous cyclic backbone and, putatively, a knotted arrangement of their three conserved disulfide bonds. We here show definite chemical proof of the I-IV, II-V, III-VI knotted disulfide connectivity of the prototypic cyclotide kalata B1. This has been achieved by a new approach for disulfide analysis, involving partial reduction and stepwise alkylation including introduction of charges and enzymatic cleavage sites by aminoethylation of cysteines. The approach overcomes the intrinsic difficulties for disulfide mapping of cyclotides, i.e. the cyclic amide backbone, lack of cleavage sites between cysteines, and a low or clustered content of basic amino acids, and allowed a direct determination of the disulfide bonds in kalata B1 using analysis by mass spectrometry. The established disulfide connectivity is unequivocally shown to be cystine knotted by a topological analysis. This is the first direct chemical determination of disulfides in native cyclotides and unambiguously confirms the unique cyclic cystine knot motif.  (+info)

A comparison of the self-association behavior of the plant cyclotides kalata B1 and kalata B2 via analytical ultracentrifugation. (7/74)

The recently discovered cyclotides kalata B1 and kalata B2 are miniproteins containing a head-to-tail cyclized backbone and a cystine knot motif, in which disulfide bonds and the connecting backbone segments form a ring that is penetrated by the third disulfide bond. This arrangement renders the cyclotides extremely stable against thermal and enzymatic decay, making them a possible template onto which functionalities can be grafted. We have compared the hydrodynamic properties of two prototypic cyclotides, kalata B1 and kalata B2, using analytical ultracentrifugation techniques. Direct evidence for oligomerization of kalata B2 was shown by sedimentation velocity experiments in which a method for determining size distribution of polydisperse molecules in solution was employed. The shape of the oligomers appears to be spherical. Both sedimentation velocity and equilibrium experiments indicate that in phosphate buffer kalata B1 exists mainly as a monomer, even at millimolar concentrations. In contrast, at 1.6 mm, kalata B2 exists as an equilibrium mixture of monomer (30%), tetramer (42%), octamer (25%), and possibly a small proportion of higher oligomers. The results from the sedimentation equilibrium experiments show that this self-association is concentration dependent and reversible. We link our findings to the three-dimensional structures of both cyclotides, and propose two putative interaction interfaces on opposite sides of the kalata B2 molecule, one involving a hydrophobic interaction with the Phe6, and the second involving a charge-charge interaction with the Asp25 residue. An understanding of the factors affecting solution aggregation is of vital importance for future pharmaceutical application of these molecules.  (+info)

Solution structure of the cyclotide palicourein: implications for the development of a pharmaceutical framework. (8/74)

The cyclotides are a family of disulfide-rich proteins from plants. They have the characteristic structural features of a circular protein backbone and a knotted arrangement of disulfide bonds. Structural and biochemical studies of the cyclotides suggest that their unique physiological stability can be loaned to bioactive peptide fragments for pharmaceutical and agricultural development. In particular, the cyclotides incorporate a number of solvent-exposed loops that are potentially suitable for epitope grafting applications. Here, we determine the structure of the largest known cyclotide, palicourein, which has an atypical size and composition within one of the surface-exposed loops. The structural data show that an increase in size of a palicourein loop does not perturb the core fold, to which the thermodynamic and chemical stability has been attributed. The cyclotide core fold, thus, can in principle be used as a framework for the development of useful pharmaceutical and agricultural bioactivities.  (+info)

The infection occurs when these larvae enter the host's body through contaminated food or water, or through contact with infected feces. Once inside the host's body, the larvae migrate to the small intestine, where they attach to the mucosal surface and begin to feed on the host's blood and tissues.

The symptoms of trichostrongylosis can vary depending on the severity of the infection and the species of Trichostrongylus involved. Some common symptoms include:

* Diarrhea
* Vomiting
* Abdominal pain
* Weight loss
* Anemia
* Fever

If left untreated, trichostrongylosis can lead to serious complications such as intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, and damage to the host's immune system. Treatment typically involves the use of anthelmintic drugs to eliminate the parasites from the host's body.

Prevention is key in avoiding trichostrongylosis, and this can be achieved through:

* Proper sanitation and hygiene practices
* Avoiding contact with infected animals or their feces
* Using clean water and feed
* Implementing parasite control measures such as deworming programs

It is important for veterinarians to be aware of the risk of trichostrongylosis in the animals they treat, and to take appropriate steps to prevent and diagnose this condition.

The cyclotide domain may contain either one cyclotide sequence, as in the case of Oak1, or multiple copies separated by ... The cyclotides fall into two main structural subfamilies. Moebius cyclotides, the less common of the two, contain a cis-proline ... Cyclotides have also been identified in agriculturally important families such as the Fabaceae and Poaceae. Cyclotides have a ... The potent insecticidal activity of cyclotides kalata B1 and kalata B2 has prompted the belief that cyclotides act as plant ...
The motif is similar to the cyclic cystine knot or cyclotide, but lacks the cyclisation of the polypeptide backbone which is ... "Knots". Cyclotide.com. Archived from the original on 2015-02-05. Retrieved 2018-03-13. Reinwarth, Molecules 17:12533 2012 http ... The cyclotide webpage The KNOTTIN Database (Protein structure, Neurotoxins, Ion channel toxins, Protein folds, Cysteine-rich ... cyclotide). Types include a) cyclic mobius, b) cyclic bracelet, c) acyclic inhibitor knottins. Cystine knot motifs are found ...
Craik DJ (February 2012). "Host-defense activities of cyclotides". Toxins. 4 (2): 139-56. doi:10.3390/toxins4020139. PMC ...
Svangård E, Göransson U, Hocaoglu Z, Gullbo J, Larsson R, Claeson P, Bohlin L (February 2004). "Cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola ... August 2010). "Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor". Peptides. 31 (8): 1434-40. doi: ...
"Cystine Knots". The Cyclotide Webpage. Sherbet, G.V. (2011), "Growth Factor Families", Growth Factors and Their Receptors in ... Craik DJ, Daly NL, Bond T, Waine C (December 1999). "Plant cyclotides: A unique family of cyclic and knotted proteins that ... The presence of the cyclic cystine knot (CCK) motif was discovered when cyclotides were isolated from various plant families. ... or cyclotide The growth factor cystine knot was first observed in the structure of nerve growth factor (NGF), solved by X-ray ...
Most violas tested and many other plants of the family Violaceae contain cyclotides, which have a diverse range of in vitro ... 2017). "Cyclotide evolution: Insights from the analyses of their precursor sequences, structures and distribution in Violets ( ... Craik, David J. (2010). "Discovery and applications of the plant cyclotides". Toxicon. 56 (7): 1092-1102. doi:10.1016/j.toxicon ... 2009). "Circular proteins from Melicytus (Violaceae) refine the conserved protein and gene architecture of cyclotides". Organic ...
Many cyclotides found in Viola tricolor are cytotoxic. This feature means it could be used to treat cancers. A study designed ... V. tricolor is one of many viola plant species containing cyclotides. These small peptides have proven to be useful in drug ... "Cytotoxic Cyclotides from Viola tricolor" Journal of Natural Products 67 (2), 144-147 Mortazavian, Seyed Mohsen; Ghorbani, ... "Isolation and characterization of cytotoxic cyclotides from Viola tricolor", Peptides 2010 31:8 (1434-1440) Erika Svangård, Ulf ...
2002). "Cyclotides: A Novel Type of Cytotoxic Agents" (PDF). Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. American Association for Cancer ... Viola arvensis was shown to contain cyclotides, a class of peptides found in plants. The peptide cycloviolacin O2 in particular ...
For example, cyclotides from aerial organs possess tighter binding activity to insect-like membranes, whereas cyclotides from ... The isolated Cter M cyclotide that is highly expressed in aerial organs was shown to effectively slow the growth and kill moth ... Different cyclotides have protein sequences which engender different biophysical and functional properties, to be expressed in ... Cliotides belong to a larger classification of peptides, the cyclotides. Preliminary studies show that cliotides display a ...
"Application of a TLC chemical method to detection of cyclotides in plants". Science Bulletin. 53 (11): 1671-1674. Bibcode: ...
Her work has also investigated the use of plant-derived cyclotides as well as modifications to the natural hormone oxytocin to ... "Oxytocic plant cyclotides as templates for peptide G protein-coupled receptor ligand design". Proceedings of the National ...
Several unique cyclotides have been isolated from this species, that have cytotoxic properties and may be of use in the ... Yeshak, M.Y.; Burman, R.; Asres, K.; Göransson, U. (2011). "Cyclotides from an extreme habitat: characterization of cyclic ...
Researchers found that the plant contained novel cyclotides, but further research is needed on the efficacy of these extracts. ... used in South-Western Nigerian ethnomedicine and detection of cyclotides". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 179: 183-191. doi: ...
Cyclotides display a wide range of pharmaceutically important bioactivities, but their natural function is in plant defense as ... On the structure of cyclotides kalata B1, all 23 non-cysteine residues were successively substituted with alanine. The data ... "Alanine scanning mutagenesis of the prototypic cyclotide reveals a cluster of residues essential for bioactivity". J. Biol. ... of alanine scanning is to determine the influence of individual residues on structure and activity in the prototypic cyclotide ...
... a Cyclotide-Bearing Plant With Applications in Agriculture and Medicine". Frontiers in Plant Science. St Lucia, QLD, Australia ...
Jul 2011). "Discovery and characterization of novel cyclotides originated from chimeric precursors consisting of albumin-1 ... a Cyclotide-Bearing Plant with Applications in Agriculture and Medicine". Frontiers in Plant Science. 10: 645. doi:10.3389/fpls ... chain a and cyclotide domains in the Fabaceae family" (PDF). J Biol Chem. 286 (27): 24275-87. doi:10.1074/jbc.m111.229922. PMC ...
... for endangered species conservation and for somaclonal variation-enhanced cyclotide biosynthesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult ...
... for endangered species conservation and for somaclonal variation-enhanced cyclotide biosynthesis. Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult ...
Colgrave, Michelle L.; Craik, David J. (2004-05-25). "Thermal, Chemical, and Enzymatic Stability of the Cyclotide Kalata B1: ...
"Cyclotide proteins and precursors from the genus Gloeospermum: Filling a blank spot in the cyclotide map of Violaceae". ...
Nguyen GK, Zhang S, Wang W, Wong CT, Nguyen NT, Tam JP: Discovery of a linear cyclotide from the bracelet subfamily and its ... Both hedyotide B1 and B2 belong to the cyclotide superfamily which was known to be an important part of plant innate defense. ... Hedyotide B1 and cyclotides are likely to exerted their antimicrobial actions by disrupting the bacteria membranes which ... Optimal Oxidative Folding of the Novel Antimicrobial Cyclotide from Hedyotis biflora Requires High Alcohol Concentrations. ...
Crude cyclotide extracts from both Oldenlandia affinis and Viola odorata plants showed molluscicidal activity comparable to the ...
... cyclotides or lasso-peptides such as microcin J25. The earliest reported synthesis of a rotaxane in 1967 relied on the ...
... cyclotides or lasso-peptides such as microcin J25 which are proteins, and a variety of peptides. Experimentally the first ...
... cyclotides MeSH D12.644.641.252 - dactinomycin MeSH D12.644.641.270 - daptomycin MeSH D12.644.641.297 - depsipeptides MeSH ...
... and cyclotide kB1 (29 amino acids, 3 disulfides). Using X-ray diffraction, it was found that the racemates crystallized in the ...
Cyclotides are globular microproteins with a unique head-to-tail cyclized backbone, stabilized by three disulfide bonds forming ... Genetic origin of cyclotides in plants. Rubiacea and Violaceae plants have dedicated genes for the production of cyclotides. ... Möbius cyclotides contain a cis-Pro residue in loop 5 that induces a local 180° backbone twist, whereas bracelet cyclotides do ... Heterologous expression of cyclotides by protein trans-splicing (PTS).-58] In this approach the linear cyclotide precursor is ...
Cyclotide Production. Cyclotides are a class of cyclic disulfide-rich peptides found in plants that have been adopted as a ... Circular Permutation of the Native Enzyme-Mediated Cyclization Position in Cyclotides. Authors:. Bronwyn J. Smithies, Yen-Hua ... One of these ligases, OaAEP1b, originates from the cyclotide-producing plant, Oldenlandia affinis, and can be produced ... Craik and colleagues have redesigned a popular cyclotide grafting scaffold, MCoTI-II, to incorporate an AEP cyclization site ...
We characterized 12 novel cyclotides, thus expanding knowledge of cyclotide distribution and evolution within the plant kingdom ... Cyclotides are plant proteins whose defining struc-tural features are a head-to-tail cyclized backbone and three interlocking ... The discovery of cyclotides containing novel sequence motifs near the in planta cyclization site has provided new insights into ... Discovery of cyclotides in the fabaceae plant family provides new insights into the cyclization, evolution, and distribution of ...
Cyclization of PawS-Derived Peptide Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 and Cyclotide Kalata B1. Together they form a unique ... Cyclization of PawS-Derived Peptide Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor-1 and Cyclotide Kalata B1. ...
... of the cyclotide family. Like all cyclotides, the therapeutic candidate [T20K]kB1 is highly stable as it contains a cyclic ... Plant-based production of an orally active cyclotide for the treatment of multiple sclerosis.. Jackson, Mark A; Xie, Jing; ... the sustainable and cost-effective production of cyclotide-based therapeutics is now within reach. ...
The cyclotide family of circular miniproteins: natures combinatorial peptide template. Craik DJ, Cemazar M, Wang CK, Daly NL. ... Plant cyclotides: A unique family of cyclic and knotted proteins that defines the cyclic cystine knot structural motif. Craik ... Thermal, chemical, and enzymatic stability of the cyclotide kalata B1: the importance of the cyclic cystine knot. Colgrave ML, ...
Cyclotides from Brazilian. Pinto MEF; Chan LY; Koehbach J; Devi S; Gründemann C; Gruber CW; Gomes M; Bolzani VS; Cilli EM; ... Coupling Plant-Derived Cyclotides to Metal Surfaces: An Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Study.. Cao P; Yang Y; Uche FI; Hart SR; ... Do plant cyclotides have potential as immunosuppressant peptides?. Gründemann C; Koehbach J; Huber R; Gruber CW. J Nat Prod; ... 2. Cyclotides Suppress Human T-Lymphocyte Proliferation by an Interleukin 2-Dependent Mechanism.. Gründemann C; Thell K; Lengen ...
Cell-Based Screening and Selection of Cyclotide-Based Capture Reagents for Protei. ...
Mass spectrometric analysis of cyclotides from Clitoria ternatea: Xxx-Pro bond fragmentation as convenient diagnostic of Pro ... Effects of a plant cyclotide on conformational dynamics and destabilization of β-amyloid fibrils through molecular dynamics ... Transcriptomic profiling of the medicinal plant Clitoria ternatea: identification of potential genes in cyclotide biosynthesis. ...
Cyclotides Preferred Term Term UI T560301. Date11/26/2003. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2005). ... Cyclotides Preferred Concept UI. M0456600. Registry Number. 0. Scope Note. A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2 ... Cyclotide Term UI T001009927. Date03/09/2020. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2021). ... Cyclotide Registry Number. 0. Previous Indexing. Peptides, Cyclic (2000-2004). Public MeSH Note. 2005. History Note. 2005. Date ...
... amatoxins and cyclotides but they differ in their size and their biosynthetic origin [1, 83]. For example, HtT-cyclized ...
Next: Cyclotide Evolution Up: The Cyclotides Previous: Biosynthesis Natural Activity of the cyclotides All of the original ... Next: Cyclotide Evolution Up: The Cyclotides Previous: Biosynthesis Jason Mulvenna 2005-04-24 ... The natural activities of the cyclotides are summarised in Table 1.1. Table 1.1: Biological activities of the cyclotides.. ... it is also possible that the cyclotides are players in a different plant defence strategy. Given the number of cyclotides ...
Cyclotides - Preferred Concept UI. M0456600. Scope note. A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2-3 dozen AMINO ...
Cyclotides Preferred Term Term UI T560301. Date11/26/2003. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2005). ... Cyclotides Preferred Concept UI. M0456600. Registry Number. 0. Scope Note. A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2 ... Cyclotide Term UI T001009927. Date03/09/2020. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (2021). ... Cyclotide Registry Number. 0. Previous Indexing. Peptides, Cyclic (2000-2004). Public MeSH Note. 2005. History Note. 2005. Date ...
Screening for Cyclotides in Sri Lankan Medicinal Plants: Discovery, Characterization, and Bioactivity Screening of Cyclotides ... and Bioactivity Screening of Cyclotides from Geophila repens Download full text (pdf) of Screening for Cyclotides in Sri Lankan ... DOI for Cyclotide host-defense tailored for species and environments in violets from the Canary Islands Download full text (pdf ... DOI for The life cycle of cyclotides: biosynthesis and turnover in plant cells Download full text (pdf) of The life cycle of ...
Cyclotide. Geophila repens. gere 1 inhibited standard microbial strains. [...]. 2084. varv peptide B[del8]. Cyclotide. Viola ... Cyclotide. Viola odorata. Hybanthus enneaspermus. Viola baoshanensis. Viola biflora. Viola philippica. Viola uliginosa. Viola ... Cyclotide. Viola hederacea. vhl-1 displays no anti-bacterial activity [...]. 88. oRTD-1. Primate. Synthetic. RTD-1-3 shown to ... Cyclotide. Viola odorata. Oldenlandia affinis. Viola tricolor. Hybanthus enneaspermus. Viola baoshanensis. Viola yedoensis. ...
Oxytocic plant cyclotides as templates for peptide G protein-coupled receptor ligand design. Proceedings of the National ...
Discovery of the cyclotide caripe 11 as a ligand of the cholecystokinin-2 receptor , Scientific Reports. Thank you for visiting ...
Most recently he was CSO at Cyclogenix, a biotech company developing Cysteine knot micro-proteins (Cyclotides) for Oncology, ...
The molecule is stabilised by three disulfide bonds, two of which form an embedded loop completed by the backbone fragments connecting the cysteine residues. A third disulfide bond threads through the centre of this loop to form a "cystine-knot" motif. This motif is present in a range of other biologically active proteins, including omega-contoxin GVIA and Cucurbita maxima trypsin inhibitor ...
Using cyclotide sequences as example query = ( entrez.SimpleQuery(Cyclotide) & entrez.SimpleQuery(cter) & entrez. ... title(Comparison of cyclotide sequences, color=white) fig.tight_layout() plt.show() ...
Crude cyclotide extracts from both ... results from the first national survey on Angiostrongylus cantonensis in China". PLOS ...
8. Cyclotides as templates in drug design. Henriques ST, Craik DJ. Drug Discov Today. 2009 Oct 28. [Epub ahead of print]PMID: ... Discovery, structure and biological activities of cyclotides. Daly, NL; Rosengren, KJ; Craik, DJ. ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY ...
HN - 2005 MH - Cyclotides UI - D047169 MN - D12.644.641.243 MS - A continuous circle of peptide bonds, typically of 2-3 dozen ... Members include CYCLOTIDES and agouti-related protein. HN - 2005 MH - Cytokinesis UI - D048749 MN - G4.335.134.220.250 MN - ...
Cyclotides Ciclotidas Distroglicanas Dystroglycans Distroglicanos Fator 1 Associado a Receptor de TNF TNF Receptor-Associated ...
N0000007346 Cyclosporine N0000007903 Cyclosporins N0000167470 Cyclosteroids N0000006856 cyclothiazide N0000170350 Cyclotides ...
The bioactivity of cyclotides is dependent on their affinity for the lipid bilayer. 12:00-15:00 Lunch break and beachside ...
A single plant may contain dozens to hundreds of cyclotides expressed in a wide range of tissues, including leaf, flower, stem ... Their stability and compact structure makes cyclotides an attractive protein framework onto which bioactive… ...

No FAQ available that match "cyclotides"

No images available that match "cyclotides"