Cyclosporins. Medical search

A group of closely related cyclic undecapeptides from the fungi Trichoderma polysporum and Cylindocarpon lucidum. They have some antineoplastic and antifungal action and significant immunosuppressive effects. Cyclosporins have been proposed as adjuvants in tissue and organ transplantation to suppress graft rejection.

A large and heterogenous group of fungi whose common characteristic is the absence of a sexual state. Many of the pathogenic fungi in humans belong to this group.

A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).

Diminished or failed response of an organism, disease or tissue to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should be differentiated from DRUG TOLERANCE which is the progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, as a result of continued administration.

Compound used for therapy of thiamine deficiency. It has also been suggested for several non-deficiency disorders but has not yet proven useful.

GLYCEROL esterified with a single acyl (FATTY ACIDS) chain.

Completed forms of the pharmaceutical preparation in which prescribed doses of medication are included. They are designed to resist action by gastric fluids, prevent vomiting and nausea, reduce or alleviate the undesirable taste and smells associated with oral administration, achieve a high concentration of drug at target site, or produce a delayed or long-acting drug effect.

Salts and esters of the 12-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--lauric acid.

A trisaccharide occurring in Australian manna (from Eucalyptus spp, Myrtaceae) and in cottonseed meal.

Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.

The transference of a pancreas from one human or animal to another.

An immunosuppressive agent used in combination with cyclophosphamide and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance has been listed as a known carcinogen. (Merck Index, 11th ed)

An immune response with both cellular and humoral components, directed against an allogeneic transplant, whose tissue antigens are not compatible with those of the recipient.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

Transplantation between individuals of the same species. Usually refers to genetically disparate individuals in contradistinction to isogeneic transplantation for genetically identical individuals.

A dead body, usually a human body.

Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.

A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.

The guidelines and policy statements set forth by the editor(s) or editorial board of a publication.

The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

A type of glycoside widely distributed in plants. Each consists of a sapogenin as the aglycone moiety, and a sugar. The sapogenin may be a steroid or a triterpene and the sugar may be glucose, galactose, a pentose, or a methylpentose.

Oils which evaporate readily. The volatile oils occur in aromatic plants, to which they give odor and other characteristics. Most volatile oils consist of a mixture of two or more TERPENES or of a mixture of an eleoptene (the more volatile constituent of a volatile oil) with a stearopten (the more solid constituent). The synonym essential oils refers to the essence of a plant, as its perfume or scent, and not to its indispensability.

Derivatives of caprylic acid. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain a carboxy terminated eight carbon aliphatic structure.

Organic, monobasic acids derived from hydrocarbons by the equivalent of oxidation of a methyl group to an alcohol, aldehyde, and then acid. Fatty acids are saturated and unsaturated (FATTY ACIDS, UNSATURATED). (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.

Agents that modify interfacial tension of water; usually substances that have one lipophilic and one hydrophilic group in the molecule; includes soaps, detergents, emulsifiers, dispersing and wetting agents, and several groups of antiseptics.

Techniques using energy such as radio frequency, infrared light, laser light, visible light, or acoustic energy to transfer information without the use of wires, over both short and long distances.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Organic compounds that contain silicon as an integral part of the molecule.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.

A macrolide isolated from the culture broth of a strain of Streptomyces tsukubaensis that has strong immunosuppressive activity in vivo and prevents the activation of T-lymphocytes in response to antigenic or mitogenic stimulation in vitro.

"The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.

The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).

Inflammation of the COLON that is predominantly confined to the MUCOSA. Its major symptoms include DIARRHEA, rectal BLEEDING, the passage of MUCUS, and ABDOMINAL PAIN.

Ulceration of the GASTRIC MUCOSA due to contact with GASTRIC JUICE. It is often associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI infection or consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).

A PEPTIC ULCER located in the DUODENUM.

Ulcer that occurs in the regions of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT which come into contact with GASTRIC JUICE containing PEPSIN and GASTRIC ACID. It occurs when there are defects in the MUCOSA barrier. The common forms of peptic ulcers are associated with HELICOBACTER PYLORI and the consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).

The level of governmental organization and function at the national or country-wide level.

Inflammation of the anterior uvea comprising the iris, angle structures, and the ciliary body. Manifestations of this disorder include ciliary injection, exudation into the anterior chamber, iris changes, and adhesions between the iris and lens (posterior synechiae). Intraocular pressure may be increased or reduced.

The complex of political institutions, laws, and customs through which the function of governing is carried out in a specific political unit.

Inflammation of the choroid as well as the retina and vitreous body. Some form of visual disturbance is usually present. The most important characteristics of posterior uveitis are vitreous opacities, choroiditis, and chorioretinitis.

Biocompatible materials placed into (endosseous) or onto (subperiosteal) the jawbone to support a crown, bridge, or artificial tooth, or to stabilize a diseased tooth.

Relatively undifferentiated cells that retain the ability to divide and proliferate throughout postnatal life to provide progenitor cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

Self-renewing cells that generate the main phenotypes of the nervous system in both the embryo and adult. Neural stem cells are precursors to both NEURONS and NEUROGLIA.

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

SDZ PSC 833, the cyclosporine A analogue and multidrug resistance modulator, activates ceramide synthesis and increases vinblastine sensitivity in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. (1/866)

Resistance to chemotherapy is the major cause of cancer treatment failure. Insight into the mechanism of action of agents that modulate multidrug resistance (MDR) is instrumental for the design of more effective treatment modalities. Here we show, using KB-V-1 MDR human epidermoid carcinoma cells and [3H]palmitic acid as metabolic tracer, that the MDR modulator SDZ PSC 833 (PSC 833) activates ceramide synthesis. In a short time course experiment, ceramide was generated as early as 15 min (40% increase) after the addition of PSC 833 (5.0 microM), and by 3 h, [3H]ceramide was >3-fold that of control cells. A 24-h dose-response experiment showed that at 1.0 and 10 microM PSC 833, ceramide levels were 2.5- and 13.6-fold higher, respectively, than in untreated cells. Concomitant with the increase in cellular ceramide was a progressive decrease in cell survival, suggesting that ceramide elicited a cytotoxic response. Analysis of DNA in cells treated with PSC 833 showed oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation, characteristic of apoptosis. The inclusion of fumonisin B1, a ceramide synthase inhibitor, blocked PSC 833-induced ceramide generation. Assessment of ceramide mass by TLC lipid charring confirmed that PSC 833 markedly enhanced ceramide synthesis, not only in KB-V-1 cells but also in wild-type KB-3-1 cells. The capacity of PSC 833 to reverse drug resistance was demonstrated with vinblastine. Whereas each agent at a concentration of 1.0 microM reduced cell survival by approximately 20%, when PSC 833 and vinblastine were coadministered, cell viability fell to zero. In parallel experiments measuring ceramide metabolism, it was shown that the PSC 833/vinblastine combination synergistically increased cellular ceramide levels. Vinblastine toxicity, also intensified by PSC 833 in wild-type KB-3-1 cells, was as well accompanied by enhanced ceramide formation. These data demonstrate that PSC 833 has mechanisms of action in addition to P-glycoprotein chemotherapy efflux pumping. (+info)

Multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein enhances esterification of plasma membrane cholesterol. (2/866)

Class I P-glycoproteins (Pgp) confer multidrug resistance in tumors, but the physiologic function of Pgp in normal tissues remains uncertain. In cells derived from tissues that normally express Pgp, recent data suggest a possible role for Pgp in cholesterol trafficking from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum. We investigated the esterification of plasma membrane cholesterol under basal conditions and in response to sphingomyelinase treatment in transfected and drug-selected cell lines expressing differing amounts of functional class I Pgp. Compared with parental NIH 3T3 fibroblasts, cells transfected with human multidrug resistance (MDR1) Pgp esterified more cholesterol both without and with sphingomyelinase. Esterification also was greater in drug-selected Dox 6 myeloma cells than parental 8226 cells, which express low and non-immunodetectable amounts of Pgp, respectively. However, no differences in total plasma membrane cholesterol were detected. Transfection of fibroblasts with the multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) did not alter esterification, showing that cholesterol trafficking was not generally affected by ATP-binding cassette transporters. Steroidal (progesterone, dehydroepiandrosterone) and non-steroidal antagonists (verapamil, PSC 833, LY335979, and GF120918) were evaluated for effects on both cholesterol trafficking and the net content of 99mTc-Sestamibi, a reporter of drug transport activity mediated by Pgp. In Pgp-expressing cells treated with nonselective and selective inhibitors, both the kinetics and efficacy of inhibition of cholesterol esterification differed from the antagonism of drug transport mediated by Pgp. Thus, although the data show that greater expression of class I Pgp within a given cell type is associated with enhanced esterification of plasma membrane cholesterol in support of a physiologic function for Pgp in facilitating cholesterol trafficking, the molecular mechanism is dissociated from the conventional drug transport activity of Pgp. (+info)

Comparative 99mTc-sestamibi and 3H-daunomycin uptake in human carcinoma cells: relation to the MDR phenotype and effects of reversing agents. (3/866)

Because 99mTc-sestamibi (MIBI) appears to be a potent candidate for multidrug resistance (MDR) evaluation in tumors, its cellular uptake should be similar to that of 3H-daunomycin in a variety of conditions of expression and inhibition of MDR activity. METHODS: We used a human rhinopharyngeal carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1) and its MDR variant (KB-A1). Cells were incubated 2 h with 99mTc-MIBI and 3H-daunomycin under control conditions or in the presence of a reversing agent such as verapamil (10 pmol/L), PSC833 (1 micromol/L) or S9788 (5 micromol/L). RESULTS: Relative to the KB-3-1-sensitive cells, accumulations of 99mTc-MIBI and 3H-daunomycin were reduced to 31% +/- 5% and 36% +/- 11% (P < 0.001 for both) in KB-A1-resistant cells. In sensitive cells, accumulation of both agents was increased by verapamil and PSC833 (range 115%-140%; P < 0.05) but not by S9788. In KB-A1 cells, only S9788 significantly increased the cellular uptake of 99mTc-MIBI (138% +/- 25%; P < 0.01), whereas the intracellular uptake of 3H-daunomycin was markedly increased with the three reversing agents (up to 311% +/- 37% with S9788; P < 0.001). With this last treatment, uptake of 3H-daunomycin in KB-A1 cells nearly returned to its basal level in sensitive cells. CONCLUSION: 99mTc-MIBI monitors the MDR phenotype of tumor cells effectively but responds to reversing agents differently than 3H-daunomycin. (+info)

Effect of PSC 833, a P-glycoprotein modulator, on the disposition of vincristine and digoxin in rats. (4/866)

PSC 833 has been used to overcome the phenomenon of multidrug resistance by inhibiting the P-glycoprotein (P-gp)-mediated efflux of antitumor drugs from tumor cells. Because P-gp expressed in several normal tissues may affect the disposition of its substrates, we examined the dose-dependent effect of PSC 833 on the disposition of vincristine (VCR) and digoxin (DGX) in rats. One-tenth milligram per kilogram PSC 833 was sufficient to significantly reduce the biliary excretion clearance of DGX from 3.0 ml/min/kg to 0.5 ml/min/kg, whereas 3 mg/kg PSC 833 was needed to significantly reduce the biliary excretion clearance of VCR from 36 ml/min/kg to 9 ml/min/kg. Three milligrams per kilogram PSC 833 significantly reduced the renal clearance of VCR by 30% but did not affect that of DGX significantly. The tissue-to-plasma DGX concentration ratio in the brain at 6 h after administration (0.34 versus 1.64), but not that of VCR at 2 h (1.07 versus 1.37), was significantly increased by PSC 833, 3 mg/kg. The differential effect of PSC 833 on the disposition of VCR and DGX may be ascribed to the different degree of contribution of P-gp to the disposition of these ligands. (+info)

Blockade of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore diminishes infarct size in the rat after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. (5/866)

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore is an inducer of cell death. During the reperfusion phase after cerebral ischemia, calcium accumulates in mitochondria, and a burst of free radical formation occurs, conditions that favor the activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Here the authors demonstrate that a blocker of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, the nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin A analogue N-methyl-Val-4-cyclosporin A (10 mg/kg intraperitoneally), administered during reperfusion and at 24 hours of reperfusion, diminishes infarct size in a rat model of transient focal ischemia of 2 hours' duration. The mitochondrial permeability transition pore may be an important target for drugs against stroke. (+info)

Commitment to apoptosis by GD3 ganglioside depends on opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. (6/866)

We have studied the effects of GD3 ganglioside on mitochondrial function in isolated mitochondria and intact cells. In isolated mitochondria, GD3 ganglioside induces complex changes of respiration that depend on the substrate being oxidized. However, these effects are secondary to opening of the cyclosporin A-sensitive permeability transition pore and to the ensuing swelling and cytochrome c depletion rather than to an interaction with the respiratory chain complexes. By using a novel in situ assay based on the fluorescence changes of mitochondrially entrapped calcein (Petronilli, V., Miotto, G., Canton, M., Colonna, R., Bernardi, P., and Di Lisa, F. (1999) Biophys. J. 76, 725-734), we unequivocally show that GD3 ganglioside also induces the mitochondrial permeability transition in intact cells and that this event precedes apoptosis. The mitochondrial effects of GD3 ganglioside are selective, in that they cannot be mimicked by either GD1a or GM3 gangliosides, and they are fully sensitive to cyclosporin A, which inhibits both the mitochondrial permeability transition in situ and the onset of apoptosis induced by GD3 ganglioside. These results provide compelling evidence that opening of the permeability transition pore is causally related to apoptosis. (+info)

Low-density lipoproteins enhance transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression induced by cyclosporin in human mesangial cells. (7/866)

Cyclosporin (CsA) is widely used in the treatment of renal disease and transplantation, which are often complicated by alterations of lipid metabolism. Both chronic administration of CsA and hyperlipidaemia have been shown to evoke an early macrophage influx and have progressively led to glomerular and interstitial sclerosis. MCP-1 is the major monocyte chemoattractant secreted by stimulated mesangial cells and TGF-beta 1 is a key mediator of fibrogenesis in chronic progressive renal fibrosis. Thus, the combined effect of CsA and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) on the gene and protein expression of MCP-1 and TGF-beta 1 in cultured human mesangial cells (HMC) was explored. Both agents induced an early and persistent increase of MCP-1 and TGF-beta 1 mRNA levels and protein release. The simultaneous addition of CsA and LDL did not display any additive effect on target gene expression, but it caused a synergistic effect on MCP-1 and TGF-beta 1 protein secretion into culture medium. On the other hand, CsA and LDL had different effects on cell proliferation: the latter increased DNA synthesis, whereas CsA inhibited both spontaneous and mitogen-stimulated mesangial cell growth. The study concludes that CsA and LDL display an additive effect on TGF-beta 1 and MCP-1 synthesis and release by HMC, thus possibly co-operating to induce an early macrophage influx and the subsequent mesangial expansion and increased extracellular matrix deposition. However, in contrast they seem to modulate HMC proliferation differently, which is a further critical event intimately involved in the development of glomerulosclerosis. (+info)

Thapsigargin directly induces the mitochondrial permeability transition. (8/866)

High concentrations of thapsigargin (TG) have been used to study the process of necrotic cell death, which involves mitochondria in the cell rapidly undergoing the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT). We therefore investigated the effects of TG on MPT in isolated liver and heart mitochondria. Using a matrix swelling assay in combination with a novel enzymatic method based on inner membrane permeability to citrate synthase substrates, TG induced MPT in a concentration-dependent manner, independent of extramitochondrial [Ca2+] and inhibitable by cyclosporin A. Evidence from alamethicin-permeabilized mitochondria suggests that TG induces MPT by causing Ca2+ release from mitochondrial matrix Ca2+-binding sites. These findings suggest that the MPT-inducing effect of TG may contribute to its pro-necrotic and pro-apoptotic effects in various cell types. (+info)

... is a class of prescription drugs in India appearing as an appendix to the Drugs and Cosmetics Rules, 1945 introduced in 1945. These are drugs which cannot be purchased over the counter without the prescription of a qualified doctor.The manufacture and sale of all drugs are covered under the Drugs and Cosmetics Act and Rules. It is revised at times based on the advice of the Drugs Technical Advisory Board, part of the Central Drugs Standard Control Organization[1] in the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The most recent schedule H (2006) lists 536 drugs from abacavir to zuclopenthixol.[2] However, enforcement of Schedule H laws in India is lax, compared to the more restrictive Schedule X, for which a mandatory documentation trail must be maintained.[3] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_H

ciclosporin (Cyclosporin A). calcineurin inhibitor. unknown. D-penicillamine (seldom used today). Reducing numbers of T- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DMARD

"Definition of cyclosporin". Lexico.com. Oxford University Press. 2020. Retrieved 2021-03-28. "Growing Guide: Geum". www. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geum_quellyon

Cyclosporin is synthesized by a nonribosomal peptide synthetase, cyclosporin synthetase.[31] The enzyme contains an adenylation ... cyclosporin, ciclosporin A,[1] cyclosporine A, cyclosporin A (CsA), cyclosporine (USAN US). ... "cyclosporin". Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House. n.d. Archived from the original on 2010-11-18. Retrieved 2011-07-13.. ... Cyclosporin synthetase substrates include L-valine, L-leucine, L-alanine, glycine, 2-aminobutyric acid, 4-methylthreonine, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ciclosporin

So also are the immunosuppressant macrolides, the cyclosporins. The cholesterol-lowering drugs, the statins, were initially ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_interactions_with_fungi

A new cyclosporin side-effect]". Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete. 46 (12): 841-6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichodysplasia_spinulosa

"Dogger Bank Itch and cyclosporin". Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 12 (1): 23-24. doi:10.1080/095466301750163536. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dogger_Bank_itch

In 1972, Borel was involved in the discovery of the immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporin (Sandoz called Sandimmun), which ... Heusler, Karl (2001). "The controversial early history of cyclosporin". Swiss Medical Weekly. 131: 299-302. PMID 11584691. ... is a Belgian microbiologist and immunologist who is considered one of the discoverers of cyclosporin. Borel studied at the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-François_Borel

They also allow transition to cyclosporin therapy. Polyclonal antibodies inhibit T lymphocytes and cause their lysis, which is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunosuppressive_drug

Also like cyclosporin, it has a wide range of interactions. Tacrolimus is primarily metabolised by the cytochrome P450 system ... Although this activity is similar to that of cyclosporin, the incidence of acute rejection is reduced by tacrolimus use over ... Haddad EM, McAlister VC, Renouf E, Malthaner R, Kjaer MS, Gluud LL (October 2006). McAlister V (ed.). "Cyclosporin versus ... Pritchard DI (May 2005). "Sourcing a chemical succession for cyclosporin from parasites and human pathogens". Drug Discovery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacrolimus

In 1994, the company began developing Cyclosporin. The company broke the ₩100,000,000,000 barrier in sales in 1997. The company ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanmi_Pharmaceutical

Cyclosporin A is a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) of cyclophilin. This first bump-and-hole pair was engineered to ... The bumped cyclosporin A was found to interact efficiently with the hole-modified cyclophilin mutant, but not endogenous ... The first bump-and-hole pair, developed by Stuart Schreiber and colleagues, was a bumped cyclosporin A small-molecule with an ... Belshaw, Peter J.; Schreiber, Stuart L. (February 1997). "Cell-Specific Calcineurin Inhibition by a Modified Cyclosporin". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bump_and_hole

Rojnuckarin, P.; Nakorn, TN.; Assanasen, T.; Wannakrairot, P.; Intragumtornchai, T. (Mar 2007). "Cyclosporin in subcutaneous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subcutaneous_T-cell_lymphoma

... s are used to prepare bioactive molecules such as Streptokinase from the bacterium Streptococcus,[96] Cyclosporin ... "The history of the discovery and development of Cyclosporin". In Merluzzi, V.J.; Adams, J. (eds.). The search for anti- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial

Developed the clinical applications of cyclosporin. Contributed to the field of immunosuppression. ... "Liver transplantation with use of cyclosporin a and prednisone". N. Engl. J. Med. 305 (5): 266-9. doi:10.1056/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Starzl

Borel JF, Feurer C, Gubler HU, Stähelin H (1976). "Biological effects of cyclosporin A: a new antilymphocytic agent". Agents ... Stähelin HF (1996). "The history of cyclosporin A (Sandimmune) revisited: another point of view". Experientia. 52 (1): 5-13. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartmann_F._Stähelin

... cyclosporin), diazepam, and erythromycin. The enzyme also metabolizes some steroids and carcinogens. Most drugs undergo ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP3A4

Other effective systemic approaches include: methotrexate, cyclosporin and corticosteroids. There are also reports that the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pityriasis_rubra_pilaris

These two families are: "cyclosporin-binding cyclophilins (CyPs)" and "FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs)". Recently, a novel group ... cyclosporin (such as CsA) and tacrolimus (FK506), which inhibit the prolyl isomerase activity of the immunophilins. The drug- ... "The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506". Clinical Immunology and Immunopathology. 80 (3 Pt 2): S40-45. doi:10.1006/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunophilins

... ophthalmopathy with cyclosporin A.". Klinische Wochenschrift. 63 (19): 1000-4. doi:10.1007/BF01737636. PMID 3840854. S2CID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renate_Pickardt

Cyclosporin levels should be maintained above 200 ng/ml. Other substances that have been studied for GvHD treatment include, ... Cyclosporin binds to the cytosolic protein Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (known as cyclophilin), while tacrolimus binds ... Methotrexate, cyclosporin and tacrolimus are common drugs used for GvHD prophylaxis. Further research is necessary to evaluate ... "Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes". Cell. 66 (4): 807-15. doi:10.1016/0092- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graft-versus-host_disease

Borel, J.F.; Kis, Z.L.; Beveridge, T. (1995). "The history of the discovery and development of Cyclosporin". In Merluzzi, V.J ... Microorganisms are used to prepare bioactive molecules such as Streptokinase from the bacterium Streptococcus, Cyclosporin A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microorganism

... and has introduced cyclosporin as an effective immunosuppressive agent." Forrest's award was made "in recognition of his ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lister_Medal

Xie, QM; Chen, JQ; Shen, WH; Yang, QH; Bian, RL (Mar 2002). "Effects of cyclosporin A by aerosol on airway hyperresponsiveness ... Arima, M; Yukawa, T; Terashi, Y; Makino, S (Dec 1994). "Effect of inhaled cyclosporin A on the allergen-induced late asthmatic ... Fukaya, H; Iimura, A; Hoshiko, K; Fuyumuro, T; Noji, S; Nabeshima, T (Aug 2003). "A cyclosporin A/maltosyl-alpha-cyclodextrin ... Lock, SH; Kay, AB; Barnes, NC (Feb 1996). "Double-blind, placebo-controlled study of cyclosporin A as a corticosteroid-sparing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inhaled_ciclosporin

Randomized trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation. Pediatr Nephrol. 2002;17:141-9 Ehrich ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jochen_H.H._Ehrich

Cyclosporin was given if the biopsy result indicated early rejection. By the 1980s this was considered the best method of ... who joined Papworth Hospital's Heart transplant programme in 1981 and was experienced in the use of cyclosporin after heart ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Caves

PPI binds cyclosporin A (CsA) and can be found within in the cell or secreted by the cell. In eukaryotes, cyclophilins localize ... "Cyclophilin B trafficking through the secretory pathway is altered by binding of cyclosporin A". Proceedings of the National ... and determination of binding specificity for cyclosporins". Biochemistry. 33 (27): 8218-24. doi:10.1021/bi00193a007. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPIC

Other immunosuppressants like cyclosporins may potentiate methotrexate's haematologic effects, hence potentially leading to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methotrexate

Cyclosporin A (ciclosporin) Cyclosporin B Cyclosporin C Cyclosporin D Cyclosporin E Cyclosporin F Cyclosporin G Lawen A ( ... The cyclosporins are a group of macrolides isolated from fungi and used as immunosuppresant drugs, for example after transplant ... They are nonribosomal peptide synthesized by cyclosporin synthetase. ... October 2015). "Biosynthesis of cyclosporins and other natural peptidyl prolyl cis/trans isomerase inhibitors". Biochimica et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclosporins

Compositions are also provided comprising a cyclosporin and (1.1) and, suitably, also a saccharide monoester, e.g. raffinose or ... Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cyclosporin, e.g. Ciclosporin or Nva!2 -Ciclosporin, in microemulsion pre-concentrate ... Pharmaceutical compositions comprising cyclosporins. US5639724 *. Dec 6, 1993. Jun 17, 1997. Sandoz Ltd.. Cyclosporin galenic ... The preferred cyclosporin in relation to the compositions of the invention is Ciclosporin. A further preferred cyclosporin to ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5741512?dq=5920316

Cyclosporin(e) or Sandimmun(e) (both without the "e" in the US) produced by Sandoz Pharmaceuticals is a classic example of a ... Sandoz, which manufactures cyclosporin A, the drug used to help organ transplants "take", has applied to license the drug to ... UPDATES:EYE CANCER CAUSED BY CYCLOSPORIN AFTER TRANSPLANTS. What Doctors Dont Tell You ...

https://healthy.net/tag/cyclosporin/

The use of cyclosporin A (CyA) with a protocol designed to avoid the effects of nephrotoxicity resulted in a one-year survival ... Cyclosporin A in cadaveric organ transplantation. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981; 282 :934 ... Cyclosporin A in cadaveric organ transplantation.. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1981; 282 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.282.6268. ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/282/6268/934

Does nifedipine ameliorate cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity? Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 295 :851 doi:10.1136/bmj.295.6602.851-b ... Does nifedipine ameliorate cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity?. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1987; 295 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj. ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/295/6602/851.3

More specifically, the present invention relates to a microemulsion concentrate containing cyclosporin as an active ingredient ... In the microemulsion concentrate according to the present invention, cyclosporin, dimethylisosorbide, the oil component and the ... composition containing a stable microemulsion concentrate which is more stable and suitable for the preparation of cyclosporin- ... Although cyclosporin A, B, C, D, G and the like can be used as the cyclosporin component in the present invention, cyclosporin ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5603951?dq=5,987,610

This topic contains 1 study abstract on Cyclosporins indicating they may contribute to Cholestasis, Drug-Induced Toxicity, and ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/toxic-ingredient/cyclosporins

Cyclosporin is thought to be exclusively metabolised in the liver. We instilled cyclosporin into the small bowel of 2 patients ... First-pass metabolism of cyclosporin by the gut.. Kolars JC1, Awni WM, Merion RM, Watkins PB. ... Our findings indicate that the small intestine is a major site of cyclosporin breakdown: such intestinal metabolism might help ... during the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation; cyclosporin metabolites were readily detected in portal venous blood. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1683920?dopt=Abstract

... Daniel Shoskes dshoskes at ucla.edu Thu Oct 26 13:34:19 EST 1995 *Previous message ... In article ,46o8tl$i8d at nis.dacom.co.kr,, SIN-HYEOG IM ,ishjok at chollian.dacom.co.kr, wrote: , I am looking for cyclosporin ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/immuno/1995-October/005809.html

Randomized trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation.. Trompeter R1, Filler G, Webb NJ, ... with the microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin (CyA) in children undergoing renal transplantation. A 6-month, randomized, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11956848?dopt=Abstract

by Science News; Science and technology, general Cyclosporine Health aspects Cyclosporins Ulcerative colitis Drug therapy ... Cyclosporin therapy heals colon ulcers A pilot study suggests a potent immunosuppressive drug can help people with severe ... Those who responded to the initial dose were sent home and given steriods and oral cyclosporin for six months. At the end of ... All 11 were surgery candidates but opted for the experimental cyclosporin treatment in a last-ditch attempt to save their ...

https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Cyclosporin+therapy+heals+colon+ulcers.-a07644801

We instilled cyclosporin into the small bowel of 2 patients during the anhepatic phase of liver transplantation; cyclosporin ... Cyclosporin is thought to be exclusively metabolised in the liver. ... Cyclosporin is thought to be exclusively metabolised in the liver. We instilled cyclosporin into the small bowel of 2 patients ... First-pass metabolism of cyclosporin by the gut Lancet. 1991 Dec 14;338(8781):1488-90. doi: 10.1016/0140-6736(91)92302-i. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1683920/?dopt=Abstract

Cyclosporin A (Transgenic model evaluation). *(R-(R*,R*-(E)))-Cyclic(L-alanyl-D-alanyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N- ... Testing Status of Transgenic model evaluation (Cyclosporin A) M950081. CASRN: 59865-13-3. Formula: C62-H111-N11-O12. Synonyms/ ...

https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/testing/status/agents/ts-m950081.html

The use of cyclosporin A (CsA) in both organ transplantation and in the treatment of autoimmune disease may ultimately be ... The use of cyclosporin A (CsA) in both organ transplantation and in the treatment of autoimmune disease may ultimately be ... McAuley, F. T., Simpson, J. G., Thomson A. W. and Whiting, P. H., 1987a, Cyclosporin A-induced nephrotoxicity in the rat: ... Dieperink, H., Starklint, H. and Leyssac, P. P., 1983, Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin - an animal model: study of the ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4757-2040-2_43

Cyclosporin Implant to Treat Uveitis. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00001737

Hyperuricemia and gout have been reported in patients receiving cyclosporin therapy for immunosuppression after organ ... J.P. VanHooff, K.M.L. Leunissen, and W. vandeStaak, Cyclosporin, uric acid, and the kidney, Lancet 1: 701 (1985).Google Scholar ... Z. Targhese, M.K. Chan, L.V. Steele, P. Sweny, O.N. Fernando, and J.F. Moorhead, How to measure cyclosporin, Lancet 1: 1407 ( ... Lin HY., Rocher L.L., McQuillan M.A., Palella T.D., Fox I.H. (1989) Hyperuricemia and Gout in Cyclosporin A-Treated Renal ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-1-4684-5673-8_48

X-Ray Structures and Analysis of 11 Cyclosporin Derivatives Complexed with Cyclophilin A.. Kallen, J., Mikol, V., Taylor, P., ... Eight new X-ray structures of different cyclophilin A/cyclosporin-derivative complexes are presented. These structures, ... Eight new X-ray structures of different cyclophilin A/cyclosporin-derivative complexes are presented. These structures, ... HUMAN CYCLOPHILIN A COMPLEXED WITH 2-THR CYCLOSPORIN. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1BCK/pdb ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1BCK

Toying With Science is a series of short essays on scientific topics written by Simon Quellen Field, the author of Gonzo Gizmos, Return of Gonzo Gizmos, and Why Theres Antifreeze In Your Toothpaste. Simon also writes science fiction: A Twisted Garden, A Simple Piece of Mind, and mysteries A Quiet Place to Die. He designs […]more → ...

http://sci-toys.com/sciblog/archives/tag/cyclosporin

Neoral® cyclosporin ?. Discussion in Feline Health - (Welcome & Main Forum) started by Anyname, Apr 30, 2012. ... gotten the titers down as low as possible for the toxoplasmosis so I give him his Clindamycin separate from his Cyclosporin. I ...

https://www.felinediabetes.com/FDMB/threads/neoral-cyclosporin.69946/

... topical cyclosporin) is effective in the treatment of ocular ro... ... More From BioPortfolio on "Efficacy of Topical Cyclosporin for Ocular Rosacea". *Related Companies*Related Events*Related ... The purpose of this study is to determine whether Restasis (topical cyclosporin) is effective in the treatment of ocular ... The study is designed to compare the efficacy of topical cyclosporin (Restasis) with that of Refresh Endura for the treatment ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/trial/106410/Efficacy-of-Topical-Cyclosporin-for-Ocular-Rosacea.html

encoded search term (What is the role of cyclosporin A (CsA) for the treatment of alopecia areata?) and What is the role of ... What is the role of cyclosporin A (CsA) for the treatment of alopecia areata?. Updated: Aug 06, 2020 ... cyclosporin A (CsA) for the treatment of alopecia areata? What to Read Next on Medscape. Related Conditions and Diseases. * ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1069931-62780/what-is-the-role-of-cyclosporin-a-csa-for-the-treatment-of-alopecia-areata

Tricyclic cyclosporin A , C64H111N11O12S , CID 6450163 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/6450163

The immunosuppressants cyclosporin and FK506 block the calcium-dependent signal-transduction pathway emanating from the T-cell ... FK506 and cyclosporin, molecular probes for studying intracellular signal transduction Immunol Today. 1993 Jun;14(6):290-5. doi ... The immunosuppressants cyclosporin and FK506 block the calcium-dependent signal-transduction pathway emanating from the T-cell ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7691065/?dopt=Abstract

... cyclosporin A to cyclosporin A vs cyclosporin A to control; p , 0.05). As well, the average diameter of the cyclosporin A- ... Cyclosporin A affects NPCs in vivo. We next asked whether cyclosporin A exposure in vivo would affect NPCs behavior. Adult ... We have shown, for the first time, a direct effect of cyclosporin A on NPCs in vitro and in vivo indicating cyclosporin A is an ... Cyclosporin A (CsA) enhanced NPC survival. A, Significantly fewer cyclosporin A-treated NPCs die over 3 d compared with control ...

http://www.jneurosci.org/content/30/8/2888.long

Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppresor drug that has been used in the treatment of several types of inflammatory diseases. ... Effect of cyclosporin A on inflammatory cytokine production by U937 monocyte-like cells,. Mediators of Inflammation,. vol. 9. ... Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppresor drug that has been used in the treatment of several types of inflammatory diseases. ... Effect of cyclosporin A on inflammatory cytokine production by U937 monocyte-like cells. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi/2000/808957/

Cyclosporin A (CSA) has transformed clinical transplantation, both in term of success and of quality-of-life of the patient. ... New Aspects of Cyclosporin A Mode of Action: from Gene Silencing to Gene Up-Regulation ...

https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/ben/mrmc/2003/00000003/00000003/art00004

If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Centers RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.. ...

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Cyclosporin H , C62H111N11O12 , CID 2909 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2909

Cyclosporin galenic forms. US5977067. 30 Abr 1998. 2 Nov 1999. Rhone-Poulenc Rorer S.A.. Cyclosporin derivatives, their ... Cyclosporin galenic forms. US6350442. 30 May 2001. 26 Feb 2002. Allergan Sales, Inc.. Ocular treatment using cyclosporin-A ... In one embodiment, cyclosporin A is administered in the form of Restasis , available from Allergan, Inc. The cyclosporin A is ... Cyclosporin containing powder composition. US5589455. 21 Abr 1995. 31 Dic 1996. Hanmi Pharm. Ind. Co., Ltd.. Cyclosporin- ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US7745400

The use of pure populations of NPCs revealed a direct effect of cyclosporin A on cell survival, resulting in increased numbers and larger colonies, with no effect on proliferation kinetics. (jneurosci.org)
The selective effect of cyclosporin A on NPC survival suggests that cyclosporin A is a promising molecule for modulating NPCs. (jneurosci.org)
The effect of cyclosporin A on transmural nerve stimulation was demonstrated at several extracellular calcium concentrations. (ahajournals.org)
The present study investigated the effect of cyclosporin A on nitric oxide release in human coronary arteries. (bmj.com)
Zhou, Yao, "Effect of Cyclosporin a on the Tumor Microenvironment" (2014). (upenn.edu)
It is concluded that these seizures may correspond to a toxic effect of cyclosporin, probably due to one or several metabolites, as suggested by the discrepancy between specific and non-specific methods of determination. (bmj.com)
Effect of cyclosporin A on the growth and spontaneous metastasis of syngeneic animal tumours. (semanticscholar.org)

The results suggest that cyclosporin A enhances nerve stimulation responses by a presynaptic mechanism. (ahajournals.org)
Background -Several experimental and clinical studies suggest that cyclosporin A (CSA) treatment reduces transplant atherosclerosis. (ahajournals.org)
Several experimental and clinical studies suggest that cyclosporin A (CSA), which is commonly used to suppress allograft rejection, reduces hyperlipidemia-induced atherosclerosis 8 and ameliorates transplant atherosclerosis. (ahajournals.org)
Together, our results suggest that cyclosporin A is neither a substrate nor an inhibitor of the human ABCG2 transporter, under the conditions and concentrations examined. (aspetjournals.org)
These results suggest that cyclosporin A blocks the alternative pathway in bile acid synthesis, which leads preferentially to the formation of chenodeoxycholic acid. (biochemj.org)

Those who responded to the initial dose were sent home and given steriods and oral cyclosporin for six months. (thefreelibrary.com)
An oral cyclosporin composition comprises minicapsules having a core containing a cyclosporin, especially cyclosporin A in a solubilized liquid form. (findownersearch.com)
METHODS: Squirrel monkeys were made hypertensive by a 4-week treatment with oral cyclosporin (30 mg/kg) and were equipped with a telemetry system in order to measure arterial blood pressure in the conscious state. (biomedsearch.com)
Juvenile ulcerated necrobiosis lipoidica successfully treated with oral cyclosporin A. (curehunter.com)

The use of cyclosporin A (CyA) with a protocol designed to avoid the effects of nephrotoxicity resulted in a one-year survival of 86% in recipients of renal allografts from unmatched cadaveric donors. (bmj.com)
Does nifedipine ameliorate cyclosporin A nephrotoxicity? (bmj.com)
Dieperink, H., Starklint, H. and Leyssac, P. P., 1983, Nephrotoxicity of cyclosporin - an animal model: study of the nephrotoxic effect of cyclosporine on overall renal and tubular function in conscious rats, Transplant. (springer.com)
The influence of enalapril or spironolactone on experimental cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, Biochem. (springer.com)
Whiting P.H., Propper D.J., Simpson J.G., McKay J., Jones M.C., Catto G.R.D. (1989) Renal Tubular Function in Experimental and Clinical Cyclosporin (CsA) Nephrotoxicity. (springer.com)
However, such presumed hepatotoxicity was a minor problem in the use of cyclosporin A. The complication was less frequent than that of nephrotoxicity, was as easily manageable with reductions in the cyclosporin A dosage, and generally did not cause clinical illness. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Nevertheless, Cyclosporin A -induced nephrotoxicity remains an important clinical problem, and oxidative stress has been implicated as a potential responsible mechanism. (prospecbio.com)
Morphological differentiation between rejection and cyclosporin nephrotoxicity in renal allografts. (bmj.com)
In a retrospective clinical analysis of these patients 35 episodes of dysfunction due to rejection, defined by a response to antirejection treatment alone, and 30 episodes due to cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, defined by a response to reduction in cyclosporin dose alone, were identified. (bmj.com)

Herein, we examined the effects of cyclosporin A, a commonly used immunosuppressive molecule, on NPC proliferation kinetics, survival, and fate using in vitro assays at the population level and at the single-cell level. (jneurosci.org)
Herein, we use in vitro and in vivo assays to examine the effects of cyclosporin A on NPC behavior. (jneurosci.org)
Hattori, Y., and Naranishi, N. "Effects of cyclosporin A and FK506 on nitric oxide and tetrahydrobiopterin synthesis in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-treated J774 macrophages. (lclabs.com)
Measurements of glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, fractional clearance rates of albumin and immunoglobulins with different charges and the transglomerular sieving of uncharged dextrans of broad size distribution were used to study the effects of cyclosporin A on renal perfusion and the glomerular filtration barrier. (clinsci.org)
Given the side effects of cyclosporin, the evidence available does not recommend routine use of this drug in the treatment of oral corticosteroid dependent asthma. (cochrane.org)

Consistent with the in vitro observations, in vivo administration of cyclosporin A to adult animals increased the numbers of NPCs within the neurogenic niche lining the lateral ventricles. (jneurosci.org)
Further, we show that the administration of cyclosporin A to adult animals, in the absence of injury, leads to increased numbers of neural stem cells in vivo . (jneurosci.org)
Such formulations can be formed a fine emulsion (microemulsions), provide superior drug bioavailability efficiency and / or reduce one or more side effects associated with the administration of cyclosporin. (google.com)
Rabbit corneal allograft survival following topical administration of cyclosporin A. (arvojournals.org)

1. A method comprising administering cyclosporin A to an eye of a mammal in combination with administration of docetaxel to said mammal, wherein said method is effective in treating keratoconjunctivitis or conjunctivitis. (google.es)
2. A method comprising administering cyclosporin A to an eye of a mammal in combination with administration of docetaxel or fluorouracil to the mammal, wherein the method is effective to treat abnormal lacrimation, keratitis, keratoconjunctivitis, or conjunctivitis. (google.es)

Simon Lichtiger and Daniel H. Present of the Mount Sinai Medical Center in New York City report that colitis symptoms improved in six of 11 patients treated with cyclosporin, a drug well known in the field of transplantation for its ability to prevent organ rejection. (thefreelibrary.com)
We have investigated whether glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) autoantibodies (GAD 65 Ab) were affected by cyclosporin therapy and were related to subsequent noninsulin-requiring remission and loss of glucagon-stimulated C-peptide response in 132 recent-onset insulindependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients treated with cyclosporin or placebo for 12 months. (diabetesjournals.org)

Together, our findings establish that cyclosporin A has direct effects on NPCs both in vitro and in vivo , making it a promising candidate molecule for developing clinically relevant strategies to stimulate NPCs for brain repair. (jneurosci.org)
Nobody knows why a fungus should produce such a useful molecule as cyclosporin or FTY720. (wisc.edu)
The details of the biochemical reactions involving cyclosporin were elucidated by the beginning of 1990s, but still some aspects of the behavior of this molecule raise questions. (kpfu.ru)
The shape of the cyclosporin molecule is more rigid compared to linear oligopeptides due to cyclization, but at the same time it still remains relatively flexible. (kpfu.ru)
Simulation of cyclosporin molecules confirmed that CsE molecule is more rigid than other studied variants (A, B, C, D, H). The most interesting result obtained so far is that these peculiarities correlate with the biochemical action of cyclosporins in living objects. (kpfu.ru)
Conformation of the molecule can be a crucial element in some interactions, which is proved by the inability of most cyclosporins other than CsA to participate in the immune response: substitution of a single amino acid prevents needed interaction with target protein, cyclophilin. (kpfu.ru)
However, binding to cyclophilin A, the major cellular receptor protein of cyclosporins, is a prerequisite for HIV inhibition: all structural changes of the cyclosporin A molecule leading to loss of affinity to cyclophilin abolished the antiviral effect. (asm.org)
The highly hydrophobic properties of the molecule require that, for topical administration, the formulation of native cyclosporin A be included in different vegetable oils, thus resulting in a poor local tolerance by the patient. (debiopharm.com)
The latter, a highly hydrosoluble molecule, releases cyclosporin A minutes after its topical ocular administration in experimental models such as the rabbit. (debiopharm.com)

The complex of cyclosporin A with the protein cyclophilin inhibits T-cell receptor signal transduction pathway via the inhibition of calcineurin (protein phosphatase 2B) with nanomolar affinity (Ki = 270 nM). (lclabs.com)
Etzkorn, F.A., Chang, Z.Y., Stolz, L.A., Walsh, C.T. "Cyclophilin residues that affect noncompetitive inhibition of the protein serine phosphatase activity of calcineurin by the cyclophilin-cyclosporin A complex. (lclabs.com)
Powerful cyclosporin inhibition of calcium-induced permeability transition in brain mitochondria. (lu.se)
Cotranslational inhibition of apoB-100 synthesis by cyclosporin A in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. (ahajournals.org)
There is no evidence that inhibition of HIV occurs via a gain of function of cyclophilin in the presence of cyclosporins: the complex of cyclophilin A with SDZ NIM 811 does not bind to calcineurin or to any other viral or cellular proteins under conditions in which calcineurin binding to the cyclophilin A-cyclosporin A complex is easily detectable. (asm.org)
For gag-encoded proteins derived from HIV-1, HIV-2, or simian immunodeficiency virus particles, cyclophilin-binding capacity correlated with sensitivity of the viruses to inhibition by cyclosporins. (asm.org)
Bile acid synthesis, determined by conversion of [4-14C]cholesterol into bile acids in rat and human hepatocytes and by measurement of mass production of bile acids in rat hepatocytes, was dose-dependently decreased by cyclosporin A, with 52% (rat) and 45% (human) inhibition of 10 microM. (biochemj.org)
Inhibition of human natural killer activity by cyclosporin A. (semanticscholar.org)

Randomized trial of tacrolimus versus cyclosporin microemulsion in renal transplantation. (nih.gov)
There was insufficient information to assess the cost of tacrolimus versus cyclosporin, and there was a general failure to consider global quality of life (QOL) for transplant recipients which may inform our understanding of patient preference and compliance. (cochrane.org)
Tacrolimus versus cyclosporin as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients. (cochrane.org)

This study was undertaken to compare the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (Tac) with the microemulsion formulation of cyclosporin (CyA) in children undergoing renal transplantation. (nih.gov)
Meta-regression showed that this benefit diminished as higher trough levels of tacrolimus were targeted (P = 0.04), after allowing for differences in cyclosporin formulation (P = 0.97) and cyclosporin target trough level (P = 0.38). (cochrane.org)

Hyperuricemia and gout have been reported in patients receiving cyclosporin therapy for immunosuppression after organ transplantation. (springer.com)
J.S. Najarian, D.S. Fryd, M. Strand, D.M. Canafax, N.L. Ascher, W.D. Payne, R.L. Simmons, and D.E. Futherland, A single institution randomized prospective trial of cyclosporin versus azathioprine - antilymphocyte globulin for immunosuppression in renal allograft recipients, Ann. (springer.com)
Polylactide-cyclosporin A nanoparticles for targeted immunosuppression. (harvard.edu)
Two questions arise immediately: what is the key peculiarity of CsA, and is immunosuppression the only use which we can find in cyclosporins? (kpfu.ru)
This review compared tacrolimus and cyclosporin used as primary immunosuppression for kidney transplant recipients. (cochrane.org)
A systematic review of randomized clinical trials (RCT) was undertaken to evaluate the beneficial and harmful effects of immunosuppression with cyclosporin versus tacrolimus for liver transplanted patients. (uwo.ca)
Rejection of nerve allografts after cessation of immunosuppression with cyclosporin A. (semanticscholar.org)

Rocher L.L., McQuillan M.A., Palella T.D., Fox I.H. (1989) Hyperuricemia and Gout in Cyclosporin A-Treated Renal Transplant Recipients. (springer.com)
Liver functional abnormalities were seen in 13 (19.7%) of 66 recipients of cadaveric renal homo grafts treated with cyclosporin A and prednisone. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
The effect of intracoronary substance P in 12 cardiac transplant recipients was also examined (mean cyclosporin blood concentration 228.9 (42.8) ng/ml). (bmj.com)
However, a potent pharmacological calcineurin inhibitor, the commonly used immunosuppressant cyclosporin A (CsA), significantly increases the incidence of cancer in organ transplant recipients. (upenn.edu)
In a prospective study of renal dysfunction in 60 consecutive allograft recipients treated with cyclosporin and prednisolone routine renal biopsies at one week and one month after transplantation, as well as for all episodes of renal dysfunction, were performed. (bmj.com)
Treating 100 recipients with tacrolimus instead of cyclosporin would avoid 12 suffering acute rejection, two losing their graft but cause an extra five to become insulin-requiring diabetics. (cochrane.org)
To compare the effects of tacrolimus with cyclosporin as primary therapy for kidney transplant recipients. (cochrane.org)
Cyclosporin-treated recipients experienced significantly more constipation and cosmetic side-effects. (cochrane.org)
Unusual cyclosporin related neurological complications in recipients of liver transplants. (bmj.com)
Cyclosporin (CSA) is commonly used as graft vs host disease (GvHD) prophylaxis in allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) recipients. (aspergillus.org.uk)
Treating 100 recipients with tacrolimus instead of cyclosporin would avoid rejection and steroid-resistant rejection in nine and seven patients respectively, graft loss and death in five and two patients respectively, but four additional patients would develop diabetes after liver transplantation. (uwo.ca)

In the case of cyclosporin there is something of a quirky requirement - that patients taking it avoid eating grapefruits or drinking grapefruit juice. (belgraviacentre.com)
In case of cyclosporin, we have an additional reason for unusual molecular behavior: absence of several amide protons, which in typical peptides can form hydrogen bonds and thus stabilize the structure. (kpfu.ru)

A single masked trial of cyclosporin A 5 mg/kg/day versus monthly 1 g intravenous boluses of cyclophosphamide was conducted among 23 patients with Behçet's syndrome and active, potentially reversible uveitis. (bmj.com)

Using an mRNA microarray on microdissected tubules from a rat model of cyclosporin A toxicity to describe the related epithelial-specific transcriptional signature in vivo , we found that cyclosporin A induces pathways dependent on the transcription factor ATF4 and identified nuclear protein transcriptional regulator 1 ( Nupr1 ), a stress response gene induced by ATF4, as the gene most strongly upregulated. (asnjournals.org)

To evaluate the direct effects of the drug on the contractile responses of vascular tissue to adrenergic stimuli, rat caudal artery ring segments were studied before and after the addition of cyclosporin A or its ethanol vehicle in vitro. (ahajournals.org)
Randomised trials looking at the addition of cyclosporin compared to placebo in adult steroid dependent asthmatics. (cochrane.org)

One embodiment is a method comprising administering a cyclosporin, an analog or derivative thereof, or a combination thereof, to an eye of a mammal in combination with administration of a therapeutically active agent to said mammal, said therapeutically active agent being an chemotherapy agent or an antiviral agent, wherein said method is effective in preventing or treating an ocular condition associated with the use of said therapeutically active agent. (google.es)
For example, the cyclosporin, analog or derivative thereof, or a combination thereof might be administered to a mammal before the mammal receives any of the therapeutically active agent to avoid the onset of the ocular condition. (google.es)
The purpose of this study is to investigate if interferon-alpha2a is superior to the standard treatment with cyclosporin A for the treatment of severe ocular manifestations of Behcet`s disease. (clinicaltrials.gov)
The aim of the study is to evaluate if Interferon-alpha2a is superior to the present standard treatment (cyclosporin A (CSA)) for severe ocular (panuveitis, posterior uveitis, retinal vasculitis) Behçet`s Disease (BD) and significantly improves visual prognosis and quality of health and life of the patients with ocular BD and is acting more rapidly than standard treatment. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Lausanne, Switzerland, November 19, 2002 - Debiopharm S.A. today announced the publication of an International patent application relating to a prodrug of cyclosporin A, a promising product for the local treatment of immune ocular disorders, especially those inducing keratoconjunctivitis sicca, also known as dry eye syndrome. (debiopharm.com)
Cyclosporin A is effective in a number of ocular immune pathologies. (debiopharm.com)
Because of its beneficial properties, cyclosporin A has been widely studied in various ocular disorders such as dry eyes, but it remains to be successfully developed for topical application in ophthalmology. (debiopharm.com)
This results in local ocular therapeutic concentrations of cyclosporin A in the tears of the animal. (debiopharm.com)
Topical cyclosporin A indications include among others, prevention of corneal graft rejection, ocular surface inflammatory diseases with an autoimmune component such as Sjögren disease, vernal conjunctivitis, and peripheral ocular rheumatoid ulceration. (debiopharm.com)

At the end of the six-month period, the researchers found that five of the six patients who had responded to the drug were in complete remission -- they felt better, had stopped taking steriods and cyclosporin and showed no signs of the raw ulcers that had peppered the linings of their colons. (thefreelibrary.com)
7 - 10 Cyclosporin-A (CSA) has been reported in few patients by several investigators to produce remission in patients with DBA in whom standard prednisone doses had failed. (aappublications.org)
The same hypothesis must be analyzed when remission occurs in cyclosporin A (CsA)-treated patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
The presence or absence of GAD 65 Ab at study entry did not predict non-insulin-requiring remission in either cyclosporin- or placebo-treated patients. (diabetesjournals.org)
Can cyclosporin A induce permanent remission of atopic dermatitis? (semanticscholar.org)

Eight new X-ray structures of different cyclophilin A/cyclosporin-derivative complexes are presented. (rcsb.org)
Cyclosporin A exerts its immunosuppressive effect by binding to cyclophilin A and the drug-receptor complex inhibits the dephosphorylase activity of calcineurin. (jneurosci.org)
10 , 11 Genetic deficiency of either cyclophilin or NFATc1 ( i.e., the two substrates known to be inhibited by cyclosporin) is not sufficient to initiate tubular damage, but may increase it by impeding the tubular repair process. (asnjournals.org)
Mode of action of SDZ NIM 811, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin A analog with activity against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1: interference with HIV protein-cyclophilin A interactions. (asm.org)
cyclophilin was the only detectable receptor protein for antivirally active cyclosporins. (asm.org)
Thus, the loss of function caused by binding of cyclosporins to cyclophilin seems to be sufficient for the anti-HIV effect. (asm.org)
Cyclophilin A was demonstrated to bind to HIV-1 p24gag, and the formation of complexes was blocked by cyclosporins with 50% inhibitory concentrations of about 0.7 microM. (asm.org)
We conclude that HIV-1 Gag-cyclophilin A interaction may be essential in HIV-1 replication, and interference with this interaction may be the molecular basis for the antiviral activity of cyclosporins. (asm.org)

They were compared with the dosage and trough blood levels of cyclosporin A, and, in 15 patients receiving prednisolone in addition to cyclosporin A, with steroid dosage. (clinsci.org)
Standard protocols in use typically involve three drug groups each directed to a site in the T-cell activation or proliferation cascade which are central to the rejection process: calcineurin inhibitors (e.g. cyclosporin, tacrolimus), anti-proliferative agents (e.g. azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil) and steroids (prednisolone). (cochrane.org)
Higashigawa M, Nakamura T, Hattori T, Yoshino A, Ito M, Ichimi R. Combination of prednisolone and cyclosporin A as third-line therapy for refractory Kawasaki disease: a case study. (minervamedica.it)

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is one hallmark of in vitro cyclosporin toxicity. (asnjournals.org)
Cyclosporins, in particular the nonimmunosuppressive derivative SDZ NIM 811, exhibit potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) activity in vitro. (asm.org)
Cyclosporin A, a powerful immunosuppressant in vivo and in vitro in the dog, fails to induce tolerance. (semanticscholar.org)

The cyclosporins are a group of macrolides isolated from fungi and used as immunosuppresant drugs, for example after transplant surgery. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclosporin revolutionized transplant therapy after it was discovered in the 1970s, but it has some negative effects too. (wisc.edu)
Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral is used in cases where there may be immune system problems, for example to prevent transplant rejection. (stason.org)
Acute tubular damage is a major cause of renal failure, especially at the early phase of kidney transplant when ischemia-reperfusion injury and cyclosporin A toxicity may coexist. (asnjournals.org)

Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral concentrations can be increased by grapefruit juice, oral contraceptives, and calcium channel blockers. (stason.org)
Phenytoin can decrease Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral concentrations. (stason.org)
One to 10 days before seizures all four children presented with supratherapeutic concentrations of serum cyclosporin that were determined by a non-specific method that measured the parent compound plus its metabolites. (bmj.com)
The supratherapeutic concentrations were not found with the specific method measuring cyclosporin alone. (bmj.com)
By flow cytometric analysis using the fluorescent substrates rhodamine 123 and mitoxantrone, we showed that cyclosporin A inhibits P-gp function at low micromolar concentrations, whereas ABCG2 function was unaffected. (aspetjournals.org)

9 The spontaneous development of a renal phenotype reminiscent of cyclosporin toxicity in mice deficient for calcineurin A α indicates that the decrease in calcineurin activity is sufficient to trigger renal damage. (asnjournals.org)

All 11 were surgery candidates but opted for the experimental cyclosporin treatment in a last-ditch attempt to save their colons. (thefreelibrary.com)

Cyclosporin A in cadaveric organ transplantation. (bmj.com)
The use of cyclosporin A (CsA) in both organ transplantation and in the treatment of autoimmune disease may ultimately be limited by the drug's nephrotoxic properties (Klintmalm et al, 1981). (springer.com)
Cyclosporin A (CSA) has transformed clinical transplantation, both in term of success and of quality-of-life of the patient. (ingentaconnect.com)
Tolypocladium inflatum is rich and famous because it produces cyclosporin, an immunosuppressant drug used following organ transplantation. (wisc.edu)
Cyclosporin A is a noncytotoxic, natural, 11 amino acid cyclic peptide used clinically as an immunosuppressant for the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and to prevent organ rejection after transplantation. (prospecbio.com)
In segments taken from the explanted hearts of three patients requiring re-transplantation, the mean maximum response was 78.0 (11.0)% and there was no correlation between maximum response in segments from each patient and the duration of cyclosporin therapy. (bmj.com)
Presents a case study on cyclosporin A treatment during pregnancy after renal transplantation. (ebscohost.com)
A patient with new-onset diabetes after renal transplantation showed glucose and lipid metabolism improvements after switching immunosuppressant from everolimus to cyclosporin A. A subcutaneous adipose tissue biopsy displayed changes in gene and protein expression that could contribute to the clinical improvement of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia. (diva-portal.org)

Background Cyclosporin induces a dramatic reversal to normality in psoriatic lesions, with a reduction of inflammatory infiltrate and epidermal proliferation. (wiley.com)
Cyclosporin A induces peritoneal fibrosis and angiogenesis during chronic peritoneal exposure to a glucose-based, lactate-buffered dialysis solution in the rat. (biomedsearch.com)

Moreover, PMA + ionomycin-triggered IL-17 secretion is completely or partially blocked in the presence of low doses of cyclosporin A or high doses of methylprednisolone, respectively. (jimmunol.org)

The immunosuppressants cyclosporin and FK506 block the calcium-dependent signal-transduction pathway emanating from the T-cell receptor, thereby inhibiting the activation of helper T cells. (nih.gov)
Moreover, induction of TNF-alpha gene transcription by anti-immunoglobulin was blocked by the immunosuppressants cyclosporin A and FK506. (pnas.org)

P450hA7 metabolized the immunosuppressant drug cyclosporin A and the dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist nifedipine, but did not metabolize a similar dihydropyridine drug, nicardipine, nor a series of alkoxyresorufin model substrates. (portlandpress.com)

Pharmacokinetic of topical cyclosporin A in the rabbit eye. (arvojournals.org)

Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral is also used in auto immune conditions, for example psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis. (stason.org)
Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral interferes with the body's immune response basically preventing the body's immune response. (stason.org)
Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral can cause kidney problems, increased blood pressure, and tremors. (stason.org)
These may be of a serious nature and any one taking Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral is closely followed. (stason.org)
Because Cyclosporin or Sanimmune Neoral can cause kidney, blood pressure, and tremor problems, people with any other these pre existing problems must be carefully monitored. (stason.org)

The mechanisms that initiate cyclosporin associated toxicity remain to be elucidated. (bmj.com)
Current intravenous formulations of cyclosporin A include cremophor, an excipient that complicates its use as well as adding toxicity problems. (debiopharm.com)

Sandoz, which manufactures cyclosporin A, the drug used to help organ transplants "take", has applied to license the drug to treat recalcitrant cases of psoriasis. (healthy.net)
Cyclosporin is the drug used to prevent organ rejections after transplants, and it can be used for other conditions involving inflammation (such as arthritis). (cochrane.org)
Another potential of a hydrosoluble prodrug of cyclosporin A is for intravenous administration, which is indicated for the prophylaxis of organ rejection after transplantations. (debiopharm.com)

Before, at the end of a 90 day course of cyclosporin A, and finally 1 month after stopping cyclosporin A we determined 24 h protein excretion. (clinsci.org)
The objective of this study was to investigate whether cyclosporin A (CsA) is a modulator for breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP). (aspetjournals.org)
Furthermore, cyclosporin A decreased protein synthesis and abolished proliferation in wild-type tubular cells, but only reduced proliferation in Nupr1 -deficient cells. (asnjournals.org)

The present invention relates to formulations containing an isomeric mixture of cyclosporin A and structurally similar to cyclosporin analogs, in particular cyclosporin A and structurally similar to cyclosporin analogs. (google.com)
Maas BiolAB, LLC is developing proprietary cyclosporin formulations for the treatment of battlefield traumatic brain injury and nerve agent exposure. (fdanews.com)

Pharmaceutical compositions comprising a cyclosporin, e.g. (google.com)
Compositions are also provided comprising a cyclosporin and (1.1) and, suitably, also a saccharide monoester, e.g. raffinose or saccharose monolaurate. (google.com)

The mitochondrial permeability transition (mPT) is considered to be an important mediator of apoptosis and necrosis, and is specifically blocked by cyclosporin A (CsA). (lu.se)
In primary cultures treated with cyclosporin A, renal tubular cells isolated from Nupr1 -deficient mice exhibited more apoptosis and ATP depletion than cells from wild-type mice. (asnjournals.org)

Low dose cyclosporin A versus pulsed cyclophosphamide in Behçet's syndrome: a single masked trial. (bmj.com)
Cyclosporin versus Tacrolimus for Liver Transplanted Patients" by Elizabeth Haddad, Vivian McAlister et al. (uwo.ca)

The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of cyclosporin (CsA)-encapsulated liposomes with the commercially available CsA emulsion (Restasis ® ) for the treatment of dry eye syndrome in rabbits. (dovepress.com)

However, throughout this period, trough blood levels of cyclosporin A, which ranged from 20 to 258 ng/ml (median 67 ng/ml), correlated inversely with glomerular filtration rate/extracellular fluid volume, but not with renal blood flow/cardiac output. (clinsci.org)
Furthermore, although a weak correlation between filtration fraction and trough blood levels of cyclosporin A did not reach statistical significance, sequential changes in filtration fraction correlated significantly with corresponding sequential changes in glomerular filtration rate/extracellular fluid volume. (clinsci.org)
6. We conclude that the predominant mechanism of renal impairment at these relatively low trough blood levels of cyclosporin A is a reversible reduction in filtration fraction. (clinsci.org)
2. Among the different forms of glomerulopathy the response to low-dose cyclosporin A (trough levels 32.0-36.9 ng/ml) varied markedly. (clinsci.org)

The researchers gave these patients intravenous cyclosporin for one to two weeks. (thefreelibrary.com)

Effect of corticosteroids on the expression of cytochromes P450 and on cyclosporin A oxidase activity in primary cultures of human hepatocytes. (aspetjournals.org)

They are nonribosomal peptide synthesized by cyclosporin synthetase. (wikipedia.org)
Unlike most polypeptides synthesized on ribosomes following the information directly encoded in nucleic acid, cyclosporins are produced on a special enzyme, cyclosporin synthetase. (kpfu.ru)

In a dose-related manner, cyclosporin A augmented the contractile response to transmural nerve stimulation, with a highly significant (p less than 0.001 relative to that produced by the vehicle) lowering of the stimulation rate, a 50% of maximum contractile response (ED50) that elicited. (ahajournals.org)
My goal is to block the efflux pomps with cyclosporin A and so I am trying to determine a dose that will do this, without being "too toxic" for the cells. (scientistsolutions.com)
If you have used cyclosporin A or any ideas on how to determine the dose they are all welcome! (scientistsolutions.com)
The dose of cyclosporin A ranged from 2.3 to 8.3 mg day −1 kg −1 (median 4.1 mg day −1 kg −1 ). (clinsci.org)
Cyclosporin A (CS-A), selectively inhibited cellular immunity, delayed the skin graft-induced rejection of corneal allografts in rabbits when administered subconjunctivally in the dose of 3 mg/kg/day or in the form of 5% water-soluble drops five times daily for 28 days. (arvojournals.org)
Three adult patients, who had suffered from severe therapy-resistant atopic dermatitis since childhood, were treated with long-term (29, 44 and 22 months) low-dose (maintenance dose: 0.5-0.7 mg/kg) cyclosporin A (CyA). (semanticscholar.org)

Figure: Long-range NOEs commonly observed in cyclosporins B-E in apolar media (solution in chloroform or in the complex with DPC micelles in water). (kpfu.ru)

In an occasional case, late hepatotoxicity can force a therapeutic change from cyclosporin A to azathioprine, but careful consideration should be given to the dangers of subsequent rejection. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

The difference between pretreatment and treatment maximal responses to transmural nerve stimulation was also significantly greater (p less than 0.01) in the cyclosporin A-treated preparations than in those receiving the vehicle. (ahajournals.org)

Cyclosporin A inhibits nitric oxide production by L929 cells in response to tumor necrosis factor and interferon-gamma. (lclabs.com)
Cyclosporin A inhibits nitric oxide synthase induction in vascular smooth muscle cells. (lclabs.com)
Cyclosporin A inhibits positive selection and delays negative selection in alpha beta TCR transgenic mice. (jimmunol.org)
Cyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive drug that inhibits TCR-mediated signal transduction. (jimmunol.org)

Cyclosporin is a cyclic polypeptide immunosuppressant agent consisting of 11 amino acids and having a molecular weight of 1202.64. (prospecbio.com)
Chemically, cyclosporin is designated as [R-[R*,R*-(E)]]-cyclic(L-alanyl-D- alanyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl-N-methyl-L-valyl-3-hydroxy-N, 4-dimethyl-L-2-amino-6-octenoyl-L-a-amino-butyryl- N-methylglycyl-N- methyl-L-leucyl-L-valyl-N-methyl-L-leucyl). (prospecbio.com)
Cyclic peptide molecules of the fungal origin called cyclosporins were discovered in 1970's, and cyclosporin A soon became an important drug due to its immunosuppressive activity. (kpfu.ru)

Authors of this new study, carried out in Melbourne, Australia, state in their published findings , however, that the response " approached but did not reach a statistically significant difference between cyclosporin and placebo . (belgraviacentre.com)
Half of the group were given 4mg of cyclosporin per kg of their body weight per day and the other half were given matching amounts of a placebo. (belgraviacentre.com)
The prevalence of GAD 65 Ab and median GAD 65 Ab levels did not change in serum samples taken 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after study entry in either the cyclosporin- or the placebo-treated groups. (diabetesjournals.org)

More extensive and especially long-term studies of cyclosporin A in the uveitis of Behçet's syndrome are warranted. (bmj.com)

Eight patients with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, five of whom had an associated paraproteinaemia, were treated with cyclosporin in a pilot, uncontrolled study for periods up to three and a half years after failing to respond adequately to corticosteroid and azathioprine therapy and plasmapheresis. (bmj.com)

The present invention relates to a soft capsule composition containing a stable microemulsion concentrate which is more stable and suitable for the preparation of cyclosporin-containing soft capsules. (google.com)
More specifically, the present invention relates to a microemulsion concentrate containing cyclosporin. (google.com)
In the microemulsion concentrate according to the present invention, cyclosporin, dimethylisosorbide, the oil component and the surfactant are present in the ratio of 1:11-5:1-5:3-6, preferably 1:3-4:1.5-3:4-6, and particularly 1:3.6:2.6:5.5, by weight. (google.com)

Cyclosporin A-sensitive changes in mitochondrial glutathione are an early response to intrastiatal NMDA or forebrain ischemia in rats. (lclabs.com)
APO866 Increases Antitumor Activity of Cyclosporin-A by Inducing Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Leukemia Cells. (harvard.edu)

Sandimmun [Cyclosporin] Ampoule 1ml is a private prescription item. (chemistdirect.co.uk)
If you require any help or assistance with purchasing Sandimmun [Cyclosporin] Ampoule 1ml please contact our pharmacy team. (chemistdirect.co.uk)
Please take Sandimmun [Cyclosporin] Ampoule 1ml as prescribed by your doctor or medical professional. (chemistdirect.co.uk)
Please contact your doctor or medical practitioner to understand more about the side effects of taking Sandimmun [Cyclosporin] Ampoule 1ml. (chemistdirect.co.uk)

Cyclosporin A (ciclosporin) Cyclosporin B Cyclosporin C Cyclosporin D Cyclosporin E Cyclosporin F Cyclosporin G Lawen A (October 2015). (wikipedia.org)

A small-scale clinical trial investigating the potential use of cyclosporin as a treatment for moderate to severe forms of Alopecia Areata has produced fairly disappointing results. (belgraviacentre.com)
The changes with cyclosporin are small and of questionable clinical significance. (cochrane.org)
Cyclosporin promotes neurorestoration and cell replacement therapy in pre-clinical models of Parkinson's disease. (lu.se)
Objective To observe the clinical effects on severe aplastic anemia(SAA)treated with combination of shengxueling capsule and cyclosporin A(CSA). (cnki.com.cn)

3. In minimal change disease and membranous glomerulopathy cyclosporin A exerts its beneficial effects on proteinuria through changes in the properties of the glomerular barrier, resulting in increased charge and size selectivity, respectively. (clinsci.org)

4 These drugs, mainly cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus, can initiate tubular lesions, 5 , 6 but the exact mechanism is currently unknown. (asnjournals.org)

Cyclosporin treatment does not impair the release of nitric oxide in human coronary arteries. (bmj.com)
CONCLUSIONS--The nitric oxide response was preserved in the coronary arteries of patients exposed to cyclosporin. (bmj.com)
Cyclosporin treatment and nitric oxide release in human coronary arteries. (bmj.com)

Anatomy3

Organisms1

Diseases7

Chemicals and Drugs20

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment5

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SDZ PSC 833, the cyclosporine A analogue and multidrug resistance modulator, activates ceramide synthesis and increases vinblastine sensitivity in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. (1/866)

Multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein enhances esterification of plasma membrane cholesterol. (2/866)

Comparative 99mTc-sestamibi and 3H-daunomycin uptake in human carcinoma cells: relation to the MDR phenotype and effects of reversing agents. (3/866)

Effect of PSC 833, a P-glycoprotein modulator, on the disposition of vincristine and digoxin in rats. (4/866)

Blockade of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore diminishes infarct size in the rat after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. (5/866)

Commitment to apoptosis by GD3 ganglioside depends on opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. (6/866)

Low-density lipoproteins enhance transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression induced by cyclosporin in human mesangial cells. (7/866)

Thapsigargin directly induces the mitochondrial permeability transition. (8/866)

Cyclosporins

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Cells, Cultured

SDZ PSC 833, the cyclosporine A analogue and multidrug resistance modulator, activates ceramide synthesis and increases vinblastine sensitivity in drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer cells. (1/866)

Multidrug resistance (MDR1) P-glycoprotein enhances esterification of plasma membrane cholesterol. (2/866)

Comparative 99mTc-sestamibi and 3H-daunomycin uptake in human carcinoma cells: relation to the MDR phenotype and effects of reversing agents. (3/866)

Effect of PSC 833, a P-glycoprotein modulator, on the disposition of vincristine and digoxin in rats. (4/866)

Blockade of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore diminishes infarct size in the rat after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. (5/866)

Commitment to apoptosis by GD3 ganglioside depends on opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. (6/866)

Low-density lipoproteins enhance transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) expression induced by cyclosporin in human mesangial cells. (7/866)

Thapsigargin directly induces the mitochondrial permeability transition. (8/866)

Inhibitory effects of a cyclosporin derivative, SDZ PSC 833, on transport of doxorubicin and vinblastine via human P...

Mode of action of SDZ NIM 811, a nonimmunosuppressive cyclosporin A analog with activity against human immunodeficiency virus ...

Effect of orlistat on blood cyclosporin concentration in an ob...

Patent US5741512 - Pharmaceutical compositions comprising cyclosporins - Google Patents

https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Cyclosporin+therapy+heals+colon+ulcers.-a07644801

Cyclosporin treatment does not impair the release of nitric oxide in human coronary arteries. | Heart

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Non-immunosuppressive Cyclosporin Debio-025 with Interferon shows synergistic Anti-HCV Effect in Chimeric Mouse | Debiopharm

Structural Basis for the Non-Immunosuppressive Character of the Cyclosporin A Analogue Debio 025

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Cyclosporine concentrations in blood after liver transplantation: Correlation of immunoassay results with clinical events<...

Prediction of substrate-specific pockets in cyclosporin synthetase<...

JCI - Transport of paclitaxel (Taxol) across the blood-brain barrier in vitro and in vivo

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Nonhuman TRIM5 Variants Enhance Recognition of HIV-1-Infected Cells by CD8+ T Cells. - Department of Paediatrics

Enhanced oral bioavailability of paclitaxel in mice treated with the P-glycoprotein blocker SDZ PSC 833

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