Antitubercular Agents
Culture Media
Cell Wall
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Marketing
Research Report
Dietetics
Journalism, Medical
D-cycloserine increases positive symptoms in chronic schizophrenic patients when administered in addition to antipsychotics: a double-blind, parallel, placebo-controlled study. (1/293)
A hypofunction of the glutamatergic system and NMDA receptors in schizophrenia has been hypothesized. Therefore, stimulation of these receptors could be of benefit to patients with schizophrenia. D-cycloserine has been used for this purpose. This study reports the effects of 100 mg D-cycloserine, when added to typical antipsychotics in chronic schizophrenic patients exhibiting prominent negative symptoms, using a placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel, design. D-cycloserine slightly worsened psychotic symptoms and general psychopathology as compared to placebo. D-cycloserine failed to change negative symptoms and had no effect on extrapyramidal symptoms. The exacerbation of schizophrenic symptoms may be explained by the antagonistic effects of this dose of D-cycloserine at the glycine recognition site of the NMDA receptor due to competition with the endogenous agonist glycine. Another explanation for the increase in psychopathology may be an interaction with the effects of antipsychotics on NMDA mediated neurotransmission. Thus, D-cycloserine in this study did not ameliorate schizophrenic symptoms. However, the fact that they actually worsened suggests that NMDA systems may be involved in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Further placebo-controlled studies with lower dosages of D-cycloserine, preferably in drug-free patients, are necessary to evaluate if D-cycloserine is of use for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. (+info)N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonists modulate homocysteine-induced developmental abnormalities. (2/293)
We showed previously that the induction of neural crest (NC) and neural tube (NT) defects is a general property of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists. Since homocysteine induces NC and NT defects and can also act as an NMDAR antagonist, we hypothesized that the mechanism of homocysteine-induced developmental defects is mediated by competitive inhibition of the NMDAR by homocysteine. If this hypothesis is correct, homocysteine-induced defects will be reduced by NMDAR agonists. To test the hypothesis, we treated chicken embryos during the process of neural tube closure with sufficient homocysteine thiolactone to induce NC and NT defects in approximately 40% of survivors or with homocysteine thiolactone in combination with each of a selected set of NMDAR agonists in 0. 05-5000 nmol doses. Glutamate site agonists selected were L-glutamate and N-methyl-D-aspartate. Glycine site agonists were glycine, D-cycloserine, and aminocyclopropane-carboxylic acid. Glycine was the most effective overall, reducing defects significantly at two different doses (each P>0.001). These results support the hypothesis that homocysteine may affect NC and NT development by its ability to inhibit the NMDAR. One potentially important consequence of this putative mechanism is that homocysteine may interact synergistically with other NMDAR antagonists to enhance its effect on development. (+info)Flavone acetic acid induces a G2/M cell cycle arrest in mammary carcinoma cells. (3/293)
Flavone acetic acid (FAA) is a synthetic flavonoid that demonstrated extraordinary anti-tumour properties in murine models but was not effective in clinical trials. In an effort to better understand the molecular mechanisms by which FAA asserts its tumouricidal activities, we have examined the effect of FAA on the cell cycle. We observed FAA-mediated G2/M cell cycle arrest in mammary carcinoma cells at a concentration previously demonstrated to have anti-tumour effects in rodent models. The cell cycle arrest was accompanied by an increase in the P34cdc2 (cdc2) cyclin-dependent kinase activity. Morphological cytogenetic analysis demonstrated a colcemid-like effect of FAA on cytokinesis by causing accumulation of condensed C-metaphases of a sustained mitotic block. The cell cycle effect was blocked by the antioxidants ADPC and ascorbate, the superoxide scavenger Tiron, and the sphingosine kinase inhibitor L-cycloserine, but not by inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase. Based on these data, we propose that FAA may induce cell cycle arrest by stimulating the activity of acidic sphingomyelinase leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species. (+info)Induction of beta-lactamase influences the course of development in Myxococcus xanthus. (4/293)
Myxococcus xanthus is a gram-negative bacterium that develops in response to starvation on a solid surface. The cells assemble into multicellular aggregates in which they differentiate from rod-shaped cells into spherical, environmentally resistant spores. Previously, we have shown that the induction of beta-lactamase is associated with starvation-independent sporulation in liquid culture (K. A. O'Connor and D. R. Zusman, Mol. Microbiol. 24:839-850, 1997). In this paper, we show that the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase of M. xanthus is autogenously induced during development. The specific activity of the enzyme begins to increase during aggregation, before spores are detectable. The addition of inducers of beta-lactamase in M. xanthus, such as ampicillin, D-cycloserine, and phosphomycin, accelerates the onset of aggregation and sporulation in developing populations of cells. In addition, the exogenous induction of beta-lactamase allows M. xanthus to fruit on media containing concentrations of nutrients that are normally too high to support development. We propose that the induction of beta-lactamase is an integral step in the development of M. xanthus and that this induction is likely to play a role in aggregation and in the restructuring of peptidoglycan which occurs during the differentiation of spores. In support of this hypothesis, we show that exogenous induction of beta-lactamase can rescue aggregation and sporulation of certain mutants. Fruiting body spores from a rescued mutant are indistinguishable from wild-type fruiting body spores when examined by transmission electron microscopy. These results show that the signal transduction pathway leading to the induction of beta-lactamase plays an important role in aggregation and sporulation in M. xanthus. (+info)Beta-cyanoalanine synthase: purification and characterization. (5/293)
Beta-cyano-L-alanine synthase [L-cysteine hydrogen-sulfide-lyase (adding HCN), EC 4.4.1.9] was purified about 4000-fold from blue lupine seedlings. The enzyme was homoegeneous on gel electrophoresis and free of contamination by other pyridoxal-P-dependent lyases. The enzyme has a molecular weight of 52,000 and contains 1 mole of pyridoxal-P per mole of protein; its isoelectric point is situated at pH 4.7. Its absorption spectrum has two maxima, at 280 and 410 nm. L-Cysteine is the natural primary (amino acid) substrate; beta-chloro- and beta-thiocyano can serve (with considerably lower affinity) instead of cyanide as cosubstrates for cyanoalanine synthase. The synthase is refractory to DL-cycloserine and D-penicillamine, potent inhibitors of many pyridoxal-P-dependent enzymes. Cyanoalanine synthase catalyzes slow isotopic alpha-H exchange in cysteine and in end-product amino acids; the rates of alpha-H exchange in nonreacted (excess) cysteine are markedly increased in the presence of an adequate cosubstrate; no exchange is observed of H atoms in beta-position. (+info)A possible involvement of ion transporter in tumor necrosis factor alpha and cycloheximide-induced apoptosis of endothelial cells. (6/293)
We examined the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha)-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells from the standpoint of ion channels. Cultured vascular endothelial cells from bovine carotid artery were used. Apoptosis was determined by a propidium iodide assay. Treatment of the endothelial cells with TNFalpha and cycloheximide for 6 h induced nuclear fragmentation in a TNFalpha dose-dependent manner (1-10 ng/ml). Concomitant treatment of endothelial cells with TNFalpha at a dose of 10 ng/ml and cycloheximide at a dose of 10 microg/ml elicited endothelial cell apoptosis as high as 23.4+/-4.1% at 6 h after administration. However, 10 ng/ml TNFalpha alone elicited a little apoptosis at 6 h after its administration (% apoptosis=4.1+/-0.8%). Cycloheximide (10 microg/ml) did not induce apoptosis at all. Concomitant treatment of endothelial cells with 1 mmol/l of 4,4-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2-disulfonic acid, which is a chloride bicarbonate exchanger blocker, partially inhibited the TNFalpha and cycloheximide-induced endothelial cell apoptosis. On the other hand, endothelial cell apoptosis due to TNFalpha and cycloheximide was completely inhibited by benzyloxycarbonyl-Asp-CH2OC(O)-2,6-dichlorobenzene (50 micromol/l), an inhibitor of caspase. Moreover, pyrrolidine dithiocarbanate, an inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), also suppressed endothelial cell apoptosis induced by TNFalpha and cycloheximide completely. These findings suggest that the endothelial cell apoptosis induced by TNFalpha and cycloheximide is closely related to not only chloride ions, but also both NF-kappaB and caspase activation. That is to say, there is a possibility that chloride ions or bicarbonate (pH) may play an important role in signal transduction such as NF-kappaB and caspase activation in the apoptosis induced by TNFalpha and cycloheximide. (+info)Characterization of a Mycobacterium smegmatis mutant that is simultaneously resistant to D-cycloserine and vancomycin. (7/293)
A mutant of Mycobacterium smegmatis has been isolated that is simultaneously resistant to both D-cycloserine (D-CS) and vancomycin. Genetic complementation with a PBP4 homolog restores sensitivity to both drugs. Resistance to D-CS and vancomycin in this mutant is most likely due to a novel mechanism involving peptidoglycan assembly at the cell surface. (+info)Intracellular modulation of NMDA receptor function by antipsychotic drugs. (8/293)
The present study deals with the functional interaction of antipsychotic drugs and NMDA receptors. We show that both the conventional antipsychotic drug haloperidol and the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine mediate gene expression via intracellular regulation of NMDA receptors, albeit to different extents. Data obtained in primary striatal culture demonstrate that the intraneuronal signal transduction pathway activated by haloperidol, the cAMP pathway, leads to phosphorylation of the NR1 subtype of the NMDA receptor at (897)Ser. Haloperidol treatment is likewise shown to increase (897)Ser-NR1 phosphorylation in rats in vivo. Mutation of (896)Ser and (897)Ser to alanine, which prevents phosphorylation at both sites, inhibits cAMP-mediated gene expression. We conclude that antipsychotic drugs have the ability to modulate NMDA receptor function by an intraneuronal signal transduction mechanism. This facilitation of NMDA activity is necessary for antipsychotic drug-mediated gene expression and may contribute to the therapeutic benefits as well as side effects of antipsychotic drug treatment. (+info)Cycloserine is an antibiotic medication used to treat tuberculosis (TB) that is resistant to other antibiotics. It works by killing or inhibiting the growth of the bacteria that cause TB. Cycloserine is a second-line drug, which means it is used when first-line treatments have failed or are not effective.
The medical definition of Cycloserine is:
A bacteriostatic antibiotic derived from Streptomyces orchidaceus that inhibits gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria by interfering with peptidoglycan synthesis in the bacterial cell wall. It has been used to treat tuberculosis, but its use is limited due to its adverse effects, including neurotoxicity, which can manifest as seizures, dizziness, and confusion. Cycloserine is also used in the treatment of urinary tract infections and other bacterial infections that are resistant to other antibiotics. It is available in oral form and is typically taken two to four times a day.
Antitubercular agents, also known as anti-tuberculosis drugs or simply TB drugs, are a category of medications specifically used for the treatment and prevention of tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These drugs target various stages of the bacteria's growth and replication process to eradicate it from the body or prevent its spread.
There are several first-line antitubercular agents, including:
1. Isoniazid (INH): This is a bactericidal drug that inhibits the synthesis of mycolic acids, essential components of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is primarily active against actively growing bacilli.
2. Rifampin (RIF) or Rifampicin: A bactericidal drug that inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing the transcription of genetic information into mRNA. This results in the interruption of protein synthesis and ultimately leads to the death of the bacteria.
3. Ethambutol (EMB): A bacteriostatic drug that inhibits the arabinosyl transferase enzyme, which is responsible for the synthesis of arabinan, a crucial component of the mycobacterial cell wall. It is primarily active against actively growing bacilli.
4. Pyrazinamide (PZA): A bactericidal drug that inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids and mycolic acids in the mycobacterial cell wall, particularly under acidic conditions. PZA is most effective during the initial phase of treatment when the bacteria are in a dormant or slow-growing state.
These first-line antitubercular agents are often used together in a combination therapy to ensure complete eradication of the bacteria and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains. Treatment duration typically lasts for at least six months, with the initial phase consisting of daily doses of INH, RIF, EMB, and PZA for two months, followed by a continuation phase of INH and RIF for four months.
Second-line antitubercular agents are used when patients have drug-resistant TB or cannot tolerate first-line drugs. These include drugs like aminoglycosides (e.g., streptomycin, amikacin), fluoroquinolones (e.g., ofloxacin, moxifloxacin), and injectable bacteriostatic agents (e.g., capreomycin, ethionamide).
It is essential to closely monitor patients undergoing antitubercular therapy for potential side effects and ensure adherence to the treatment regimen to achieve optimal outcomes and prevent the development of drug-resistant strains.
Culture media is a substance that is used to support the growth of microorganisms or cells in an artificial environment, such as a petri dish or test tube. It typically contains nutrients and other factors that are necessary for the growth and survival of the organisms being cultured. There are many different types of culture media, each with its own specific formulation and intended use. Some common examples include blood agar, which is used to culture bacteria; Sabouraud dextrose agar, which is used to culture fungi; and Eagle's minimum essential medium, which is used to culture animal cells.
A cell wall is a rigid layer found surrounding the plasma membrane of plant cells, fungi, and many types of bacteria. It provides structural support and protection to the cell, maintains cell shape, and acts as a barrier against external factors such as chemicals and mechanical stress. The composition of the cell wall varies among different species; for example, in plants, it is primarily made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin, while in bacteria, it is composed of peptidoglycan.
Microbial sensitivity tests, also known as antibiotic susceptibility tests (ASTs) or bacterial susceptibility tests, are laboratory procedures used to determine the effectiveness of various antimicrobial agents against specific microorganisms isolated from a patient's infection. These tests help healthcare providers identify which antibiotics will be most effective in treating an infection and which ones should be avoided due to resistance. The results of these tests can guide appropriate antibiotic therapy, minimize the potential for antibiotic resistance, improve clinical outcomes, and reduce unnecessary side effects or toxicity from ineffective antimicrobials.
There are several methods for performing microbial sensitivity tests, including:
1. Disk diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer test): A standardized paper disk containing a predetermined amount of an antibiotic is placed on an agar plate that has been inoculated with the isolated microorganism. After incubation, the zone of inhibition around the disk is measured to determine the susceptibility or resistance of the organism to that particular antibiotic.
2. Broth dilution method: A series of tubes or wells containing decreasing concentrations of an antimicrobial agent are inoculated with a standardized microbial suspension. After incubation, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by observing the lowest concentration of the antibiotic that prevents visible growth of the organism.
3. Automated systems: These use sophisticated technology to perform both disk diffusion and broth dilution methods automatically, providing rapid and accurate results for a wide range of microorganisms and antimicrobial agents.
The interpretation of microbial sensitivity test results should be done cautiously, considering factors such as the site of infection, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotic, potential toxicity, and local resistance patterns. Regular monitoring of susceptibility patterns and ongoing antimicrobial stewardship programs are essential to ensure optimal use of these tests and to minimize the development of antibiotic resistance.
Anti-bacterial agents, also known as antibiotics, are a type of medication used to treat infections caused by bacteria. These agents work by either killing the bacteria or inhibiting their growth and reproduction. There are several different classes of anti-bacterial agents, including penicillins, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines, among others. Each class of antibiotic has a specific mechanism of action and is used to treat certain types of bacterial infections. It's important to note that anti-bacterial agents are not effective against viral infections, such as the common cold or flu. Misuse and overuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a significant global health concern.
'Mycobacterium tuberculosis' is a species of slow-growing, aerobic, gram-positive bacteria that demonstrates acid-fastness. It is the primary causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) in humans. This bacterium has a complex cell wall rich in lipids, including mycolic acids, which provides a hydrophobic barrier and makes it resistant to many conventional antibiotics. The ability of M. tuberculosis to survive within host macrophages and resist the immune response contributes to its pathogenicity and the difficulty in treating TB infections.
M. tuberculosis is typically transmitted through inhalation of infectious droplets containing the bacteria, which primarily targets the lungs but can spread to other parts of the body (extrapulmonary TB). The infection may result in a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from latent TB infection (LTBI) to active disease. LTBI represents a dormant state where individuals are infected with M. tuberculosis but do not show symptoms and cannot transmit the bacteria. However, they remain at risk of developing active TB throughout their lifetime, especially if their immune system becomes compromised.
Effective prevention and control strategies for TB rely on early detection, treatment, and public health interventions to limit transmission. The current first-line treatments for drug-susceptible TB include a combination of isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for at least six months. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) strains of M. tuberculosis present significant challenges in TB control and require more complex treatment regimens.
I am not aware of a specific medical definition for the term "marketing." In general, marketing refers to the activities involved in promoting, selling, and distributing a product or service. This can include market research, product development, advertising, public relations, sales, and customer service. Marketing is used in many industries, including healthcare, to connect with and engage customers, build brand awareness, and increase sales.
A "Research Report" in the medical context is a comprehensive and systematic documentation of the entire process, findings, and conclusions of a scientific research study. It typically includes an abstract, introduction, methodology, results, discussion, and conclusion sections. The report may also contain information about the funding sources, potential conflicts of interest, and ethical considerations related to the research. The purpose of a research report is to allow other researchers to critically evaluate the study, replicate its findings, and build upon its knowledge. It should adhere to strict standards of scientific reporting and be written in a clear, concise, and objective manner.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "foundations" is not a medical term that has a specific definition in the context of healthcare or medicine. It might refer to basic concepts or principles in a medical field, or it could be used more generally to describe the underlying structures or components of something related to health and medicine. If you have more context or information about how this term is being used, I'd be happy to help further!
Dietetics is the branch of knowledge concerned with the diet and its effects on health, especially in the prevention and treatment of disease. According to the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, dietetics is defined as "the integration and application of principles derived from nutrition science, biochemistry, food management, and behavioral and social sciences to achieve and maintain people's health."
Dietitians are healthcare professionals who evaluate individual nutritional needs and develop personalized eating plans to promote health and manage medical conditions. They may work in a variety of settings, including hospitals, clinics, long-term care facilities, private practice, community health programs, and food service management. Dietitians often collaborate with other healthcare providers, such as doctors, nurses, and pharmacists, to provide comprehensive care for patients.
The goals of dietetics include promoting optimal nutrition, preventing chronic diseases, managing medical conditions, and enhancing overall health and well-being. Dietitians may provide education and counseling on topics such as healthy eating habits, meal planning, weight management, food safety, and supplement use. They may also conduct research, develop nutrition policies and programs, and advocate for improved food and nutrition policies and practices.
Medical journalism is a branch of journalism that focuses on reporting and disseminating news and information related to the medical field, including healthcare policy, public health, medical research, clinical trials, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, and medical education. It involves writing for both professional and lay audiences in various formats, such as newspapers, magazines, websites, and broadcast media. Medical journalists are expected to have a strong understanding of medical concepts and terminology, as well as the ethical considerations involved in reporting on medical issues. They must also be able to critically evaluate scientific studies and communicate their findings accurately and clearly to the public.
In the context of medicine, "publications" typically refers to the dissemination of research findings or other medical information through various forms of media. This can include:
1. Peer-reviewed journals: These are scientific or medical publications that undergo a rigorous review process by experts in the field before they are accepted for publication. They represent some of the most reliable sources of medical information.
2. Conference proceedings: Medical conferences often publish abstracts, presentations, or posters from the event. These can provide early insights into ongoing research and new developments in the field.
3. Books and book chapters: Medical texts and reference books are a common form of publication, offering comprehensive overviews of specific topics or conditions.
4. Online platforms: Websites, blogs, and social media platforms have become increasingly popular ways to share medical information. While these can be valuable resources, it's important to critically evaluate the quality and reliability of the information presented.
5. News articles and press releases: Media outlets may report on new medical research or developments, although these should also be approached with caution as they may not always accurately represent the findings or context of the original research.
It's worth noting that all publications should be evaluated based on their source, methodology, and relevance to the specific question or issue at hand.
Cycloserine
Ligand-gated ion channel
List of investigational antidepressants
Karl August Folkers
Mycobacterium malmoense
2-Oxazolidone
Streptomyces virginiae
Ethionamide
Traumatic memories
Mycobacterium bohemicum
Terizidone
Adolescence
Social anxiety disorder
D-alanine-D-alanine ligase
Mycobacterium hassiacum
Ailurophobia
Blastopirellula marina
Specific phobia
List of biochemists
Stefan Hofmann
Cell envelope antibiotic
University of Florida Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Program
GABA transaminase inhibitor
Aeropyrum pernix
Alanine racemase
Vitamin B6
Quinolone antibiotic
Mycobacterium branderi
Mycobacterium mageritense
Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
Cycloserine - Wikipedia
SEROMYCIN® CYCLOSERINE CAPSULES, USP
Cycloserine (CAS 68-41-7) Market Research Report 2023
D-cycloserine for Anxiety Disorders: What Psychiatrists Need to Know
D-cycloserine for the Treatment of Chronic, Refractory Low Back Pain - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The effect of d-cycloserine on brain processing of breathlessness over pulmonary rehabilitation: an experimental medicine study...
Coxerin (Cycloserine) 250 mg - PharmaOffshore
Cycloserine Manufacturer, Exporter at best price
Cycloserine | Medicine | Annotated Medicine and Device Lists
Cycloserine oral dosage, indications, side effects, and more
Refubium - Browse Dissertationen Charité by Keyword "d-cycloserine"
How Does D-Cycloserine Work For Phobias? - Anxiety Boss
Inhibition of D-Ala:D-Ala ligase through a phosphorylated form of the antibiotic D-cycloserine | Crick
Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children
How We Treat Posttraumatic Stress Disorder | Psychiatrist.com
Cycloserine - SPS - Specialist Pharmacy Service - The first stop for professional medicines advice
A simple test for the detection of pyrazinamide and cycloserine in urine - EPrints@NIRT
The implication of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-mediated metabolism of targeted xenobiotics | Nature Reviews Chemistry
Acid Fast Bacilli MTb - Cycloserine Antibiotic Sensitivity Random Urine - Preparation, Procedure, Cost, Normal Range | Practo
Tuberculosis (TB): Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology
Serum concentrations of cycloserine and outcome of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Northern Taiwan<...
Treatment of childhood tb | PPT
Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Retinoid News, Research
TB meds crisis: Ministry's denial sparks outrage among patients
Therapeutic drug management: is it the future of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis treatment? | European Respiratory Society
Doses of D-cycloserine5
- Remarkably, after two doses of D-cycloserine each given prior to an exposure session, subjects with acrophobia (fear of heights) showed a significant decrease in fear up to 3 months after only these 2 doses (Ressler et al. (anxietyboss.com)
- Adding low doses of D-cycloserine to antipsychotics other than clozapine can temper social withdrawal in persons with schizophrenia, several studies have suggested. (autismtoday.com)
- D-cycloserine has been safely used in children at high doses to treat tuberculosis, and the low doses of D-cycloserine used in persons with schizophrenia have produced limited side effects. (autismtoday.com)
- In the pilot study by Posey and his coworkers, 10 individuals who met a DSM-IV diagnosis of autism and who were on average 10 years old received a placebo for two weeks, then three different, ascending doses of D-cycloserine during each of three two-week periods. (autismtoday.com)
- For example, subjects performed significantly better on the Clinical Global Impression Scale after they had received the medium and high doses of D-cycloserine than they had at the start of the study. (autismtoday.com)
Seromycin3
- Cycloserine, sold under the brand name Seromycin, is a GABA transaminase inhibitor and an antibiotic, used to treat tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Seromycin ® (Cycloserine Capsules, USP), 3-isoxazolidinone, 4-amino-, (R)- is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that is produced by a strain of Streptomyces orchidaceus and has also been synthesized. (nih.gov)
- D-cycloserine (Seromycin) is a prescription medication used for the treatment of specific phobia , such as fear of spiders (arachnophobia) or a fear of heights (acrophobia). (anxietyboss.com)
Linezolid4
- Primarily, there has been a shortage of Linezolid, Clofazimine, and Cycloserine, which are used to treat drug-resistant TB. (mid-day.com)
- Meanwhile, purchase orders were issued for the supply of Linezolid (600mg) and Cap Cycloserine (250 mg) in August. (mid-day.com)
- The Committee added four new medicines to the complementary list of the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: bedaquiline, delamanid, linezolid and terizidone (as a specific alternative to cycloserine). (who.int)
- On the 20th day of admission, therefore, rifampicin and ethambutol treatments of the girl were stopped, and anti-tuberculosis treatment was readjusted to high doses of isoniazid (15 mg/kg once daily), pyrazinamide (30 mg/kg/day), amikacin (15 mg/kg/day), levofloxacin (10 mg/kg twice daily), linezolid (10 mg/kg twice daily), cycloserine (15 mg/kg once daily) and clofazimine (5 mg/kg once daily) (8). (who.int)
20232
- Cycloserine (CAS 68-41-7) Market Research Report 2023 presents comprehensive data on Cycloserine markets globally and regionally (Europe, Asia, North America etc. (marketpublishers.com)
- Please note that Cycloserine (CAS 68-41-7) Market Research Report 2023 is a half ready publication and contents are subject to change. (marketpublishers.com)
Antibiotic D-cycloserine2
- By a combination of structural, chemical and mechanistic studies here we show that the inhibition of D-alanine:D-alanine ligase by the antibiotic D-cycloserine proceeds via a distinct phosphorylated form of the drug. (crick.ac.uk)
- The antibiotic D-Cycloserine (DCS) helps magnetic stimulation (TMS) for people with major depressive disorder (MDD). (dr-bob.org)
Tuberculosis7
- For the treatment of tuberculosis, cycloserine is classified as a second-line drug. (wikipedia.org)
- Hence, cycloserine is restricted for use only against multiple drug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Determine susceptibility of organism to cycloserine and concurrent therapy in tuberculosis prior to treatment. (medscape.co.uk)
- Patients taking cycloserine with anti-tuberculosis therapy may develop vitamin B12 deficiency, folic acid deficiency, megaloblastic anaemia and sideroblastic anaemia. (medscape.co.uk)
- Cycloserine (CS) is a second-line anti-tuberculosis drug whose serum concentrations in tuberculosis (TB) patients are largely unknown. (tmu.edu.tw)
- Various factors prompted Posey and his colleagues to undertake a pilot study to determine whether D-cycloserine might increase socialization in autistic children In addition to being used to treat tuberculosis for 45 years, D-cycloserine enhances the activity of the neurotransmitter glutamate in the brain. (autismtoday.com)
- Rather than admit people to the hospital, I used cycloserine , normally reserved for tuberculosis. (medscape.com)
Susceptibility1
- Cycloserine clinical laboratory standard powder is available for both direct and indirect methods 1 of determining the susceptibility of strains of mycobacteria. (nih.gov)
Synthesis1
- As a cyclic analogue of D-alanine, cycloserine acts against two crucial enzymes important in the cytosolic stages of peptidoglycan synthesis: alanine racemase (Alr) and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase (Ddl). (wikipedia.org)
Extinction8
- 7 As such, a compound known as d-cycloserine (DCS) has been demonstrated to augment extinction learning by serving as a partial NMDA agonist. (psychiatrictimes.com)
- D-cycloserine helps to facilitate fear extinction during exposure sessions. (anxietyboss.com)
- When utilized for phobias, D-cycloserine binds to the glycine site of the NMDA receptor, and this allows glutamate (released during exposure therapy) to bind to the NMDA receptor, facilitating glutamate neurotransmission, and this facilitates fear extinction in the amygdala. (anxietyboss.com)
- So it is the combination of D-cycloserine and exposure therapy which leads to facilitation of the glutamate neurotransmission, leading to fear extinction and the eradication of the phobia. (anxietyboss.com)
- However D-cycloserine helps by facilitating fear extinction during the exposure sessions, which is seen weeks to months later when fear is reduced when presented with the feared stimulus. (anxietyboss.com)
- Cognitive enhancers as adjuncts to psychotherapy: use of D-cycloserine in phobic individuals to facilitate extinction of fear. (anxietyboss.com)
- Paolone, G., Botreau, F., & Stewart, J. (2008)The facilitative effects of D-cycloserine on extinction of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference can be long lasting and resistant to reinstatement. (concordia.ca)
- Corrigendum to "Combining D-cycloserine with appetitive extinction learning modulates amygdala activity during recall" [Neurobiol. (bvsalud.org)
Streptomyces1
- Cycloserine was discovered in 1954 from a type of Streptomyces. (wikipedia.org)
Anxiety4
- D-cycloserine may help patients with anxiety disorders, or it might make their anxiety worse. (psychiatrictimes.com)
- d-cycloserine was shown instead to interact with changes in breathlessness anxiety to dampen reactivity to breathlessness cues. (ox.ac.uk)
- In contrast, D-cycloserine is not an anxiolytic, as it does not decrease phobic or anticipatory anxiety immediately. (anxietyboss.com)
- A closer look at a new study reporting that the supplement D-cycloserine improved anxiety when used with exposure therapy. (madinamerica.com)
Urine5
- Approximately 65% of a single dose of cycloserine can be recovered in the urine within 72 hours after oral administration. (nih.gov)
- A simple test for the detection of pyrazinamide and cycloserine in urine has been described. (nirt.res.in)
- The test is sensitive and can detect the presence of these drugs in urine for about 24 hours after administration of pyrazinamide 1 g. or cycloserine 0.5 g. (nirt.res.in)
- No special preparation is needed for Acid Fast Bacilli MTb - Cycloserine Antibiotic Sensitivity Random Urine. (practo.com)
- Inform your doctor if you are on any medications or have any underlying medical conditions or allergies before undergoing Acid Fast Bacilli MTb - Cycloserine Antibiotic Sensitivity Random Urine. (practo.com)
Facilitates1
- Moreover, D-cycloserine facilitates activation of the receptor and improves cognition and memory. (marketpublishers.com)
Efficacy2
- The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of D-cycloserine versus placebo in relieving the signs and symptoms of patients with chronic lower back pain. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The partial N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor agonist d-cycloserine has shown promising results in enhancing efficacy of CBT, thus we hypothesised that it would similarly augment the effects of pulmonary rehabilitation in the brain. (ox.ac.uk)
Phobias1
- How Does D-Cycloserine Work For Phobias? (anxietyboss.com)
Therapeutic2
- CONCLUSION: Although increasing evidence supports therapeutic modulation of NMDA pathways to treat symptoms, we conclude that a phase 3 clinical trial of d-cycloserine would not be worthwhile. (ox.ac.uk)
- The therapeutic index for cycloserine is low. (medscape.co.uk)
NMDA1
- D-cycloserine is a coagonist with glutamate at the NMDA receptor. (anxietyboss.com)
Amino acid1
- Cycloserine is similar in structure to the amino acid D-alanine and works by interfering with the formation of the bacteria's cell wall. (wikipedia.org)
Clinical2
- This is a 26-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled two-arm parallel-group trial of d-cycloserine, a pharmacological treatment selected based on positive results from previous preclinical and clinical studies, for the treatment of chronic, refractory low back pain (CBP). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Cycloserine has been associated with clinical exacerbations of porphyria. (medscape.co.uk)
Placebo4
- After a 2-week screening period, individuals will be randomized to receive either 12 weeks of d-cycloserine or placebo and then followed for an additional 12 weeks to evaluate persistence of benefit at study endpoint, 24 weeks after randomization. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Participants were randomised to 250 mg d-cycloserine or placebo, administered immediately prior to the first four sessions of pulmonary rehabilitation. (ox.ac.uk)
- Primary outcome measures were differences between d-cycloserine and placebo in brain activity in the anterior insula, posterior insula, anterior cingulate cortices, amygdala and hippocampus following completion of pulmonary rehabilitation. (ox.ac.uk)
- RESULTS: No difference between d-cycloserine and placebo groups was observed across the primary or secondary outcome measures. (ox.ac.uk)
Exposure therapy1
- However, D-cycloserine is not helpful as a sole treatment for specific phobia- it is prescribed as an adjunctive treatment to exposure therapy . (anxietyboss.com)
Biosynthesis2
- Cycloserine works as an antibiotic by inhibiting cell-wall biosynthesis in bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- D-cycloserine is an antibiotic which targets sequential bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan biosynthesis enzymes: alanine racemase and D-alanine:D-alanine ligase. (crick.ac.uk)
Treatment2
- In the treatment of nocardiosis, sulfonamides have been used with cycloserine. (marketpublishers.com)
- Adding D-Cycloserine to the TMS treatment appears to enhance TMS's ability to drive synaptic plasticity and treat depression. (dr-bob.org)
Readily1
- After oral administration, cycloserine is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak blood levels occurring in 4 to 8 hours. (nih.gov)
Citation1
- citation needed] Cycloserine is stable under basic conditions, with the greatest stability at pH = 11.5. (wikipedia.org)
DESCRIPTION1
- The report includes Cycloserine description, covers its application areas and related patterns. (marketpublishers.com)
Powder2
- Cycloserine is a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water and stable in alkaline solution. (nih.gov)
- D-cycloserine is a white to pale yellow odorless powder with the molecular formula C 3 H 6 N 2 O 2 and molecular weight 102.09. (marketpublishers.com)
Pregnancy1
- Use cycloserine with caution in pregnancy. (medscape.co.uk)
Effects2
- Coadministration of pyridoxine can reduce the incidence of some of these CNS side effects (e.g. convulsions) caused by cycloserine. (wikipedia.org)
- Irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract is one of the common side effects of D-cycloserine. (marketpublishers.com)
Study4
- D-cycloserine market is covered in the study D-Cycloserine (CAS 68-41-7) Market Research Report 2013. (marketpublishers.com)
- The effect of d-cycloserine on brain processing of breathlessness over pulmonary rehabilitation: an experimental medicine study. (ox.ac.uk)
- Subjects performed significantly better on the social withdrawal subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist after they had gotten the highest dose of D-cycloserine than they had at the start of the study (see chart). (autismtoday.com)
- Greg's participation in the D-cycloserine study. (autismtoday.com)
Price1
- In the U.S., the price of cycloserine increased from $500 for 30 pills to $10,800 in 2015 after the Chao Center for Industrial Pharmacy and Contract Manufacturing changed ownership to Rodelis Therapeutics in August 2015. (wikipedia.org)
Form1
- Cycloserine can be conceptualized as a cyclized version of serine, with an oxidative loss of dihydrogen to form the nitrogen-oxygen bond. (wikipedia.org)
Social2
- D-cycloserine is effective in improving social and communication skills of children with autism. (marketpublishers.com)
- Nonetheless, she noted marked improvement in his attention, spontaneous use of language, and initiation of social interaction while he was on D-cycloserine. (autismtoday.com)