A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9.
Compounds in which one or more of the three hydroxyl groups of glycerol are in ethereal linkage with a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic alcohol; one or two of the hydroxyl groups of glycerol may be esterified. These compounds have been found in various animal tissue.
Compounds possessing both a hydroxyl (-OH) and an amino group (-NH2).
Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Pharmacodynamic actions of (S)-2-[4,5-dihydro-5-propyl-2-(3H)-furylidene]-1,3-cyclopentanedione (oudenone). (1/2057)

The pharmacodynamic actions of (S)-2-[4,5-dihydro-5-propyl-2(3H)-furylidene]-1,3-cyclopentanedione (oudenone) were studied in both anesthetized animals and isolated organs. Oudenone (10--40 mg/kg i.v.) induced an initial rise in blood pressure followed by a prolonged hypotension in the anesthetized rats. In unanesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), oudenone (5--200 mg/kg p.o.) caused a dose-related decrease in the systolic blood pressure. The initial pressor effect was diminished by pretreatments with phentolamine, guanethidine, hexamethonium and was abolished in the pithed rats. In addition, intracisternal administrations of oudenone (100--600 mug/kg) showed a marked increase in blood pressure in the anesthetized rats, suggesting that the pressor effect may be due to centrally mediated actions. Oudenone, given intra-arterially into the femoral artery (400--800 mug/kg), caused a long-lasting vasodilation in anesthetized dogs. At a relatively high dose (40 mg/kg i.v.), oudenone antagonized all pressor responses to autonomic agents and central vagus nerve stimulation in anesthetized rats and dogs, however, oudenone showed no anti-cholinergic,-histaminergic, beta-adrenergic and adrenergic neuron blocking properties.  (+info)

Formation of lipoxygenase-pathway-derived aldehydes in barley leaves upon methyl jasmonate treatment. (2/2057)

In barley leaves, the application of jasmonates leads to dramatic alterations of gene expression. Among the up-regulated gene products lipoxygenases occur abundantly. Here, at least four of them were identified as 13-lipoxygenases exhibiting acidic pH optima between pH 5.0 and 6.5. (13S,9Z,11E,15Z)-13-hydroxy-9,11,15-octadecatrienoic acid was found to be the main endogenous lipoxygenase-derived polyenoic fatty acid derivative indicating 13-lipoxygenase activity in vivo. Moreover, upon methyl jasmonate treatment > 78% of the fatty acid hydroperoxides are metabolized by hydroperoxide lyase activity resulting in the endogenous occurrence of volatile aldehydes. (2E)-4-Hydroxy-2-hexenal, hexanal and (3Z)- plus (2E)-hexenal were identified as 2,4-dinitro-phenylhydrazones using HPLC and identification was confirmed by GC/MS analysis. This is the first proof that (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal is formed in plants under physiological conditions. Quantification of (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, hexanal and hexenals upon methyl jasmonate treatment of barley leaf segments revealed that hexenals were the major aldehydes peaking at 24 h after methyl jasmonate treatment. Their endogenous content increased from 1.6 nmol.g-1 fresh weight to 45 nmol.g-1 fresh weight in methyl-jasmonate-treated leaf segments, whereas (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal, peaking at 48 h of methyl jasmonate treatment increased from 9 to 15 nmol.g-1 fresh weight. Similar to the hexenals, hexanal reached its maximal amount 24 h after methyl jasmonate treatment, but increased from 0.6 to 3.0 nmol.g-1 fresh weight. In addition to the classical leaf aldehydes, (2E)-4-hydroxy-2-hexenal was detected, thereby raising the question of whether it functions in the degradation of chloroplast membrane constituents, which takes place after methyl jasmonate treatment.  (+info)

Formation of reactive cyclopentenone compounds in vivo as products of the isoprostane pathway. (3/2057)

Cyclopentenone prostaglandins A2 and J2 are reactive compounds that possess unique biological activities. However, the extent to which they are formed in vivo remains unclear. In this study, we explored whether D2/E2-isoprostanes undergo dehydration in vivo to form A2/J2-isoprostanes. Oxidation of arachidonic acid in vitro generated a series of compounds that were confirmed to be A2/J2-isoprostanes by mass spectrometric analyses. A2/J2-isoprostanes were detected in vivo esterified to lipids in livers from normal rats at a level of 5. 1 +/- 2.3 ng/g, and levels increased dramatically by a mean of 24-fold following administration of CCl4. An A2-isoprostane, 15-A2t-isoprostane, was obtained and found to readily undergo Michael addition with glutathione and to adduct covalently to protein. A2/J2-isoprostanes could not be detected in the circulation, even following CCl4 administration, which we hypothesized might be explained by rapid formation of adducts. This was supported by finding that essentially all the radioactivity excreted into the urine following infusion of radiolabeled 15-A2t-isoprostane into a human volunteer was in the form of a polar conjugate(s). These data identify a new class of reactive compounds that are produced in vivo as products of the isoprostane pathway that can exert biological effects relevant to the pathobiology of oxidant injury.  (+info)

Inverse relationship between systemic resistance of plants to microorganisms and to insect herbivory. (4/2057)

Pre-inoculation of plants with a pathogen that induces necrosis leads to the development of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to subsequent pathogen attack [1]. The phenylpropanoid-derived compound salicylic acid (SA) is necessary for the full expression of both local resistance and SAR [2] [3]. A separate signaling pathway involving jasmonic acid (JA) is involved in systemic responses to wounding and insect herbivory [4] [5]. There is evidence both supporting and opposing the idea of cross-protection against microbial pathogens and insect herbivores [6] [7]. This is a controversial area because pharmacological experiments point to negative cross-talk between responses to systemic pathogens and responses to wounding [8] [9] [10], although this has not been demonstrated functionally in vivo. Here, we report that reducing phenylpropanoid biosynthesis by silencing the expression of phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL) reduces SAR to tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), whereas overexpression of PAL enhances SAR. Tobacco plants with reduced SAR exhibited more effective grazing-induced systemic resistance to larvae of Heliothis virescens, but larval resistance was reduced in plants with elevated phenylpropanoid levels. Furthermore, genetic modification of components involved in phenylpropanoid synthesis revealed an inverse relationship between SA and JA levels. These results demonstrate phenylpropanoid-mediated cross-talk in vivo between microbially induced and herbivore-induced pathways of systemic resistance.  (+info)

EIN2, a bifunctional transducer of ethylene and stress responses in Arabidopsis. (5/2057)

Ethylene regulates plant growth, development, and responsiveness to a variety of stresses. Cloning of the Arabidopsis EIN2 gene identifies a central component of the ethylene signaling pathway. The amino-terminal integral membrane domain of EIN2 shows similarity to the disease-related Nramp family of metal-ion transporters. Expression of the EIN2 CEND is sufficient to constitutively activate ethylene responses and restores responsiveness to jasmonic acid and paraquat-induced oxygen radicals to mutant plants. EIN2 is thus recognized as a molecular link between previously distinct hormone response pathways. Plants may use a combinatorial mechanism for assessing various stresses by enlisting a common set of signaling molecules.  (+info)

The jasmonate-induced 60 kDa protein of barley exhibits N-glycosidase activity in vivo. (6/2057)

Upon jasmonate treatment barley leaf segments express a putative ribosome-inactivating protein (JIP60). The influence of this protein on translation in planta has been analysed by using barley plants and tobacco plants transformed with a barley cDNA encoding JIP60. In both plant systems JIP60 exhibited N-glycosidase activity in vivo. The depurination of the 25S rRNA of tobacco and barley ribosomes led to accumulation of translationally inactive polysomes.  (+info)

A novel jasmonate- and elicitor-responsive element in the periwinkle secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene Str interacts with a jasmonate- and elicitor-inducible AP2-domain transcription factor, ORCA2. (7/2057)

Jasmonate (JA) is an important plant stress hormone that induces various plant defense responses, including the biosynthesis of protective secondary metabolites. The induction of the secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene Strictosidine synthase (Str) in Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle) cells by elicitor requires JA as a second messenger. A 42 bp region in the Str promoter is both necessary and sufficient for JA- and elicitor-responsive expression. This region is unlike other previously identified JA-responsive regions, and contains a GCC-box-like element. Yeast one-hybrid screening identified cDNAs encoding two AP2-domain proteins. These octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain (ORCA) proteins bind in a sequence-specific manner the JA- and elicitor-responsive element. ORCA2 trans-activates the Str promoter and its expression is rapidly inducible with JA and elicitor, whereas Orca1 is expressed constitutively. The results indicate that a GCC-box-like element and ORCA2 play key roles in JA- and elicitor-responsive expression of the terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthetic gene Str.  (+info)

Oligogalacturonide-mediated induction of a gene involved in jasmonic acid synthesis in response to the cell-wall-degrading enzymes of the plant pathogen Erwinia carotovora. (8/2057)

Identification of Arabidopsis thaliana genes responsive to plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes of Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora led to the isolation of a cDNA clone with high sequence homology to the gene for allene oxide synthase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of jasmonates. Expression of the corresponding gene was induced by the extracellular enzymes from this pathogen as well as by treatment with methyl jasmonate and short oligogalacturonides (OGAs). This suggests that OGAs are involved in the induction of the jasmonate pathway during plant defense response to E. carotovora subsp. carotovora attack.  (+info)

Polycyclic nonaromatic hydrocarbons, Cyclopentanes). ...
"The conversion of carbohydrate derivatives into functionalized cyclohexanes and cyclopentanes". Chem. Rev. 93 (8): 2779-2831. ...
Building from this, several electrocyclic ring openings of β-alkoxy cyclopentanes have been reported. These are typically ...
Suitable lubricants include perfluoropolyethers, cyclopentanes and polyalphaolefins, mostly in the form of base oils for ...
Using a catalytic Fe(III)-(Salen) complex, Shaw and coworkers were able to access chiral cyclopentanes from an array of alkynyl ... ζ-unsaturated ketones or aldehydes to functionalized cyclopentanes upon intense heating. The proposed mechanism invoked a six- ... alkynyl-substituted malonate esters undergo facile cyclization to the corresponding cyclopentanes. High yields were also ...
The dissonance in polarity clearly limits the ways by which cyclopentanes can be disconnected which becomes evident in the ... In contrast to the larger, fully "consonant" cyclohexane scaffold cyclopentanes and their derivatives are "dissonant" according ...
Acetal 1 has been used in this context, and provides cyclopentanes with the acetal functionality exo to the newly formed ring ...
... cyclopentanes, featuring two cyclopropyl rings which share one carbon. The product of monocyclopropanation is also formed. ...
Cyclopentanes, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs). ...
Silicate esters Ionic fluids Multiply alkylated cyclopentanes (MAC) PTFE: polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is typically used as a ...
Cyclopentanes, All stub articles, Organic compound stubs). ...
Cyclopentanes, All stub articles, Genito-urinary system drug stubs). ...
Cyclopentanes, All stub articles, Veterinary medicine stubs). ...
Cyclopentanes, Isopropyl compounds, All stub articles, Hydrocarbon stubs). ...
Cyclopentanes, Cyclic ethers, 2-Phenoxyethanamines, All stub articles, Amine stubs, Psychoactive drug stubs). ...
Cyclopentanes, Sodium channel openers, Plant toxins). ...
Cyclopentanes, Hydrocarbons, Tricyclic compounds). ...
Cyclopentanes, All stub articles, Hydrocarbon stubs). ...
Cyclopentanes - Preferred Concept UI. M0005479. Scope note. A group of alicyclic hydrocarbons with the general formula R-C5H9. ...
Cyclopentanes. Hidden categories: *All articles with bare URLs for citations. *Articles with bare URLs for citations from May ...
Spirooxindole-fused cyclopentanes were produced in moderate-to-good isolated yields (15-69%) with excellent stereochemical ... Cyclopropanes, cyclobutanes and cyclopentanes within such carbocycles can be synthesized through ring contraction. These ring ... Access to Spirooxindole-Fused Cyclopentanes via a Stereoselective Organocascade Reaction Using Bifunctional Catalysis. ... which provides a simple and efficient method for the synthesis of a library of decorated cyclopentenes and cyclopentanes. This ...
Conia-ene reaction, Cyclopentanes. ID: J48-Y2014. Site Search. any all words. ...
Cyclopentanes. * *Cyclohexanes (Chair, Boat, Geometric Isomers). * *Calculations Using ΔG° = -RT ln K ...
Cyclopentanes Dioxolanes Dioxoles Furans Furazans Imidazoles Imidazolidines Imidazolines Isothiazoles Isothiazolidines ...
Cyclopentanes Dioxolanes Dioxoles Furans Furazans Imidazoles Imidazolidines Imidazolines Isothiazoles Isothiazolidines ...
Cyclopentanes Dioxolanes Dioxoles Furans Furazans Imidazoles Imidazolidines Imidazolines Isothiazoles Isothiazolidines ...
Cyclopentanes Dioxolanes Dioxoles Furans Furazans Imidazoles Imidazolidines Imidazolines Isothiazoles Isothiazolidines ...
Cyclopentanes Dioxolanes Dioxoles Furans Furazans Imidazoles Imidazolidines Imidazolines Isothiazoles Isothiazolidines ...
Cyclopentanes. Entecavir. Nucleoside analog. Associated with a high barrier to resistance in lamivudine-naive patients, while ...
Cyclopentanes/pharmacology; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors; Extracellular Signal-Regulated ...
Cyclopentanes / pharmacology* Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ...
Cyclopentanes / metabolism Actions. * Search in PubMed * Search in MeSH * Add to Search ...
Cyclopentanes,N0000007899, Ribonucleotides,N0000007898, Glycosides,N0000007897, Cycloparaffins,N0000007896, Glycoside ...
Cyclopentanes Preferred Term Term UI T010189. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1966). ... Cyclopentanes Preferred Concept UI. M0005479. Registry Number. 0. Related Numbers. T86PB90RNU. Scope Note. A group of alicyclic ... Cyclopentanes [D02.455.426.392.368.450] * Cycloleucine [D02.455.426.392.368.450.350] * Cyclopentane Monoterpenes [D02.455. ... Cyclopentanes. Tree Number(s). D02.455.426.392.368.450. Unique ID. D003517. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ ...
Cyclopentanes Preferred Term Term UI T010189. Date01/01/1999. LexicalTag NON. ThesaurusID NLM (1966). ... Cyclopentanes Preferred Concept UI. M0005479. Registry Number. 0. Related Numbers. T86PB90RNU. Scope Note. A group of alicyclic ... Cyclopentanes [D02.455.426.392.368.450] * Cycloleucine [D02.455.426.392.368.450.350] * Cyclopentane Monoterpenes [D02.455. ... Cyclopentanes. Tree Number(s). D02.455.426.392.368.450. Unique ID. D003517. RDF Unique Identifier. http://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/ ...
Cyclopentanes MeSH DeCS ID:. 56977 Unique ID:. D000075163 Documents indexed in the Virtual Health Library (VHL):. Click here to ...
... aminoperimidine pharmacopoeias lignicolum xai xag amylin xad xaa oxyacetic preiser yscy uncialamycin yscq yscp cyclopentanes ...
... see also BENZENE HEXACHLORIDE 66 CURRENT LIST of MEDICAL LITERATURE CYCLOPENTANES CYCLOPHORASE see ESTERASES CYCLOPLEGICS see ...
HN - 2018 FX - Cyclopentanes MH - Mice, Knockout, ApoE UI - D000074085 MN - B1.50.50.136.500.500.500 MN - B1.50.150.900.649.313 ...
Stereoselective synthesis and molecular modeling of chiral cyclopentanes. Abdel-Jalil, Raid J; Steinbrecher, Thomas; Al-Harthy ...
Cyclopentanes Cyclopenthiazide Cyclopentolate Cyclophilin A Cyclophilin C Cyclophilins Cyclophosphamide Cyclopia Plant ...

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