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Analysis of gabapentin in serum and plasma by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring. (1/683)
A simple method for the determination of gabapentin (Neurontin) is described. The method uses solid-phase extraction by disk column and derivatization followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. The single-step derivatization with MTBSTFA produces a t-BDMS derivative of both the carboxylic and amine moieties of the molecule. Each step of the procedure was optimized to assure reliable performance of the method. The assay limit of detection was 0.1 microg/mL with a linear range from 1.0 to 35 microg/mL. Within-run (n = 3) and between-run (n = 40) coefficients of variation were less than 8.2 and 15.9%, respectively. The method has proven reliable in routine production for more than a year, producing clean chromatography with unique ion fragments, consistent ion mass ratios, and no interferences. Statistical analysis of the gabapentin concentrations measured in 1020 random specimens over a 2-month period showed a mean concentration of 6.07 microg/mL with a standard deviation of 5.28. (+info)Gabapentin suppresses ectopic nerve discharges and reverses allodynia in neuropathic rats. (2/683)
Repetitive ectopic discharges from injured afferent nerves play an important role in initiation and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Gabapentin is effective for treatment of neuropathic pain but the sites and mechanisms of its antinociceptive actions remain uncertain. In the present study, we tested a hypothesis that therapeutic doses of gabapentin suppress ectopic afferent discharge activity generated from injured peripheral nerves. Mechanical allodynia, induced by partial ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats, was determined by application of von Frey filaments to the hindpaw. Single-unit afferent nerve activity was recorded proximal to the ligated sciatic nerve site. Intravenous gabapentin, in a range of 30 to 90 mg/kg, significantly attenuated allodynia in nerve-injured rats. Furthermore, gabapentin, in the same therapeutic dose range, dose-dependently inhibited the ectopic discharge activity of 15 injured sciatic afferent nerve fibers through an action on impulse generation. However, the conduction velocity and responses of 12 normal afferent fibers to mechanical stimulation were not affected by gabapentin. Therefore, this study provides electrophysiological evidence that gabapentin is capable of suppressing the ectopic discharge activity from injured peripheral nerves. This action may contribute, at least in part, to the antiallodynic effect of gabapentin on neuropathic pain. (+info)Anti-ulcer effects of 4'-(2-carboxyetyl) phenyl trans-4-aminomethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride (cetraxate) on various experimental gastric ulcers in rats. (3/683)
Anti-ulcer effects of cetraxate, a new compound possessing anti-plasmin, anti-casein and anti-trypsin actions were investigated by using experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. Cetraxate, 300 mg/kg p.o. showed significant inhibitory effects of 65.3%, 70.0%, 30.2%, and 67.1% against aucte types of ulcers producing by aspirin, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, and pyloric ligature (Shay's ulcer), respectively. These effects were greater than those obtained by gefarnate and aluminum sucrose sulfate may be mainly attributed to the protecting action of this drug on gastric mucosa. Ctraxate further revealed remarkable inhibitory effects on chronic types of ulcers produced by acetic acid, clamping, and clamping-cortisone. In acetic acid ulcer in particular, cetraxate was found to have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect at doses over 50 mg/kg. Of test drugs including L-glutamine and methylmethionine sulfonium chloride, cetraxate showed the most remarkable inhibitory effect on beta-glucuronidase activity in ulcer tissue of these three types of ulcers. These findings suggest that cetraxate may prevent the connective tissue in the ulcer location from decomposition due to lysosomal enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, thereby accelerating the recovery from ulcer. (+info)An in vitro electrophysiological study on the effects of phenytoin, lamotrigine and gabapentin on striatal neurons. (4/683)
We performed intracellular recordings from a rat corticostriatal slice preparation in order to compare the electrophysiological effects of the classical antiepileptic drug (AED) phenytoin (PHT) and the new AEDs lamotrigine (LTG) and gabapentin (GBP) on striatal neurons. PHT, LTG and GBP affected neither the resting membrane potential nor the input resistance/membrane conductance of the recorded cells. In contrast, these agents depressed in a dose-dependent and reversible manner the current-evoked repetitive firing discharge. These AEDs also reduced the amplitude of glutamatergic excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by cortical stimulation. However, substantial pharmacological differences between these drugs were found. PHT was the most effective and potent agent in reducing sustained repetitive firing of action potentials, whereas LTG and GBP preferentially inhibited corticostriatal excitatory transmission. Concentrations of LTG and GBP effective in reducing EPSPs, in fact, produced only a slight inhibition of the firing activity of these cells. LTG, but not PHT and GBP, depressed cortically-evoked EPSPs increasing paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) of synaptic transmission, suggesting that a presynaptic site of action was implicated in the effect of this drug. Accordingly, PHT and GBP, but not LTG reduced the membrane depolarizations induced by exogenously-applied glutamate, suggesting that these drugs preferentially reduce postsynaptic sensitivity to glutamate released from corticostriatal terminals. These data indicate that in the striatum PHT, LTG and GBP decrease neuronal excitability by modulating multiple sites of action. The preferential modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission may represent the cellular substrate for the therapeutic effects of new AEDs whose use may be potentially extended to the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases involving the basal ganglia. (+info)Adenosylcobalamin-mediated methyl transfer by toluate cis-dihydrodiol dehydrogenase of the TOL plasmid pWW0. (5/683)
We identified and characterized a methyl transfer activity of the toluate cis-dihydrodiol (4-methyl-3,5-cyclohexadiene-cis-1, 2-diol-1-carboxylic acid) dehydrogenase of the TOL plasmid pWW0 towards toluene cis-dihydrodiol (3-methyl-4,5-cyclohexadiene-cis-1, 2-diol). When the purified enzyme from the recombinant Escherichia coli containing the xylL gene was incubated with toluene cis-dihydrodiol in the presence of NAD+, the end products differed depending on the presence of adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme B12). The enzyme yielded catechol in the presence of adenosylcobalamin, while it gave 3-methylcatechol in the absence of the cofactor. Adenosylcobalamin was transformed to methylcobalamin as a result of the enzyme reaction, which indicates that the methyl group of the substrate was transferred to adenosylcobalamin. Other derivatives of the cobalamin such as aquo (hydroxy)- and cyanocobalamin did not mediate the methyl transfer reaction. The dehydrogenation and methyl transfer reactions were assumed to occur concomitantly, and the methyl transfer reaction seemed to depend on the dehydrogenation. To our knowledge, the enzyme is the first dehydrogenase that shows a methyl transfer activity as well. (+info)The management of epilepsy in a hospital for people with a learning disability. (6/683)
The study examined changes in the use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in a large hospital for people with a learning disability over a 2 year period, the use of investigations, and the presence of medication side-effects. The surveys were carried out in 1993 and 1995/6. In 1993, 27% of patients were being treated for epilepsy and in 1995/6, 30.1%. Ninety percent and 82.4% of patients, respectively, were receiving one or two AEDs. In the second survey there were fewer prescriptions for phenobarbitone (5.8% vs. 12.5%) and an increase in the use of lamotrigine (21.6% vs. 5%), gabapentin (5.8% vs. 0) and vigabatrin (3.9% vs. 2.5% in 1993). Side-effects were recorded in 6 (11.8%) patients. Seven (21.2%) patients receiving carbamazepine were found to have hyponatraemia. Of the 54 electroencephalograms (EEGs) requested, 41 (76%) were reported as abnormal. Six CT brain scans had been conducted, of which five were abnormal. People receiving antipsychotic drugs had fewer seizures than average. (+info)Successful treatment with gabapentin in the presence of hypersensitivity syndrome to phenytoin and carbamazepine: a report of three cases. (7/683)
We report three consecutive patients with hypersensitivity syndrome (HSS) due to phenytoin and carbamazepine and successful treatment with gabapentin. HSS is a rare but potentially fatal reaction to multiple drugs including several anticonvulsants. Cross-reactivity among drugs may occur. Immediate withdrawal of the offending drug is the most important step in treatment. Benzodiazepines acutely and, after resolution of the hepatitis, valproic acid have been successfully used for seizure control in patients with HSS. Our cases indicate that gabapentin is also a safe anticonvulsant in HSS. (+info)Gabapentin attenuates nociceptive behaviors in an acute arthritis model in rats. (8/683)
In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of gabapentin (Neurontin), administered spinally with a microdialysis fiber, in reducing nociceptive behavioral responses induced by a knee joint inflammation model. This model is produced by injection of the knee joint with kaolin and carrageenan in rats. The resultant knee joint inflammation produces a secondary hyperalgesia to radiant heat applied to the hindpaw. Both pretreatment and post-treatment protocols were examined. Spinal administration of gabapentin (10 mg/ml) infused 1.5 h before induction of knee joint inflammation, although having no effect on the baseline, prevented the development of heat hyperalgesia. Gabapentin also prevented the development of other pain-related behaviors scored subjectively. Gabapentin had no effect, however, on the joint circumference increase typical in this model. In animals with fully developed knee joint inflammation, gabapentin produced a reversal of heat hyperalgesia. The paw withdrawal latency responses and subjective pain scores were no longer significantly different from baseline, but joint circumference increases remained. These data suggest that gabapentin is an effective antinociceptive agent when administered either before or after induction of knee joint inflammation acting through a central neurogenic mechanism. (+info)
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Cyclohexanecarboxylic acids. *World Health Organization essential medicines. Hidden categories: *CS1 maint: Multiple names: ... Tranexamic acid is a synthetic analog of the amino acid lysine. It serves as an antifibrinolytic by reversibly binding four to ... Tranexamic acid is frequently used following major trauma.[10] Tranexamic acid is used to prevent and treat blood loss in a ... Tranexamic acid has roughly eight times the antifibrinolytic activity of an older analogue, ε-aminocaproic acid.[citation ...
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In industry, the nitrosodecarboxylation reaction between nitrosylsulfuric acid and cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is used to ... The compound is the mixed anhydride of sulfuric acid and nitrous acid. In organic chemistry, it is used as a reagent for ... Nitrosylsulfuric acid is the chemical compound with the formula NOHSO4. It is a colourless solid that is used industrially in ... George A. Olah, G. K. Surya Prakash, Qi Wang, Xing-Ya Li (2001). Nitrosylsulfuric Acid. E-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for ...
Buciclic acid
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... acid dicyclomine quinic acid shikimic acid tranexamic acid Quinic acid Shikimic acid Chorismic acid Cyclohexanecarboxylic+Acids ... Derivatives related to cyclohexanecarboxylic acid include: abscisic acid buciclic acid chlorogenic acid chorismic ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid exhibits the reactions typical of carboxylic acids, including its conversion to the acid chloride ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is the organic compound with the formula C6H11CO2H. It is the carboxylic acid of cyclohexane. It is ...
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1. N. G. Gaylord, "Reduction with Complex Metal Hydrides." Interscience, New York, 1956; W. G. Brown, Org. React. 6, 469 (1951). 2. A. I. Vogel, "Practical Organic Chemistry," 3rd ed. Longmans, London, (1956). 3. W. G. Dauben, R. C. Tweit, an R. L. MacLean, /. Amer. Chem. Soc. 77, 48 (1955). 4. A. C. Cope an E. Ciganek, Org. Syn. Collective Vol. 4, 339 (1963). 5. E. L. EHeI, Rec. Chem. Progr. 22, 129 (1961). 6. E. L. Eliel, R. J. L. Martin, an D. Nasipuri, Org. Syn. 47, 16 (1967). 7. R. A. Daignault an E. L. Eliel, Org. Syn. 47, 37 (1967). 8. Y. M. Y. Haddad, H. B. Henbest, J. Husbands, an T. R. B. Mitchell, Proc. Chem. Soc. London, p. 361 (1964). 9. E. L. Eliel, T. W. Doyle, R. O. Hutchins, an E. C. Gilbert, cited in M. Fieser and L. Fieser,"Reagents for Organic Synthesis," Vol. 2, p. 228. Wiley/Interscience, New York, 1969. 10. A. Zurqiyah an C. E. Castro, Org. Syn. 49, 98 (1969) 11. A.Abiko an M.Masasune Tetrahedron Letters, 33, 38, p. 5517. (1992) 12. L. Gade, Lecture Course: Advanced ...
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The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
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1-Amino-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid,2756-85-6,
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Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride CAS NO (2719-27-9)-Molbase
... find Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride introduction, on the Molbase Encyclopedia! ... Molbase Encyclopedia provides Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride (2719-27-9) basic information, physical and chemical ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride. 2719-27-9 none 100%. 4.First-aid measures. 4.1 ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride. Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid chloride. 2719-27-9. none. European Inventory of Existing ...
1-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid | SpiroChem | Tailor-Made Molecules
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [2-(5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide msds| properties| cas no| molecular formula |...
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [2-(5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide msds,Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [2-(5-methoxy-2- ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [2-(5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide density, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [2-(5-methoxy ... phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide properties, Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [2-(5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amidecas ... Find here Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid [2-(5-methoxy-2-phenyl-1H-indol-3-yl)-ethyl]-amide molecular formula, ...
ChemIDplus - 86632-03-3 - OAFXTKGAKYAFSI-YOWOTECTSA-N - Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3,4,5-tris(((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1...
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3,4,5-tris(((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-1-hydroxy-, (1alpha,3R,4alpha,5R ... Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3,4,5-tris(((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-1-hydroxy-, (1alpha,3R,4alpha,5R)- ... Substance Name: Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, 3,4,5-tris(((2E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-1-oxo-2-propenyl)oxy)-1-hydroxy-, (1alpha, ...
Glentham Life Sciences | GM8001 - cis-2-(Fmoc-amino)-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (194471-85-7)
3-({[(2-chloroethyl)(nitroso)amino]carbonyl}amino)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid Properties, Molecular Formula, Applications -...
cyclohexanecarboxylic-acid-3a6-dimethyl-3-145-trimethylhex-2-enyl-123457891011b-decahydrocyclopentaanthracen-9-yl-ester -...
Organics
1-Hydroxy Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid 1-Hydroxy Cyclohexane Carboxylic Acid View options ... Thioglycolic Acid Sodium (9) Thioglycolic acid protects tryptophan in amino acid analysis,and also mediates formation of ATP ... An inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation. An agent that prevents the metabolism of fatty acids and stimulates feeding. The sodium ... α-Ketoglutaric Acid Disodium Salt Dihydrate α-Ketoglutaric Acid Disodium Salt Dihydrate ...
Patent US5451511 - Process for the preparation of antiparasitic agents - Google Patents
The invention also provides a process for producing the novel avermectin and milbemycin derivatives by adding a carboxylic acid ... The medium and conditions of Example 1 were followed except that cyclohexane carboxylic acid sodium salt was used as the ... and 2-chloro-thiophene-4-carboxylic acid.. EXAMPLE 18. Repetition of the procedure of Example 17 but using the carboxylic acids ... glyoxylic acids of the formula R2 COCO2 H, methylamine derivatives of the formula R2 CH2 NH2, substituted lower alkanoic acids ...
Tranexamic acid - Wikipedia
Cyclohexanecarboxylic acids. *World Health Organization essential medicines. Hidden categories: *CS1 maint: Multiple names: ... Tranexamic acid is a synthetic analog of the amino acid lysine. It serves as an antifibrinolytic by reversibly binding four to ... Tranexamic acid is frequently used following major trauma.[10] Tranexamic acid is used to prevent and treat blood loss in a ... Tranexamic acid has roughly eight times the antifibrinolytic activity of an older analogue, ε-aminocaproic acid.[citation ...
AminomethylCarboxylic acidTranexamicEstersTransCarbonylPregabalinQuinic acidChloride cyclohexanecarbonyl chlorideSynthesisCyclohexeneValproicMicrobial DegradationDegradationFormal condensationAmino groupBenzoicShikimicChlorogenic acidLysineCyklokapronCrystallineSpecificityFormulaBranched-ChainReactionAnhydridesCyclicPeptidesHydroxymethylAvermectinMicroorganismsAqueousMolecular Weight
Aminomethyl5
- Tranexamic acid (TXA) is chemically designed as trans -4-(aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, with chemical formula C 8 H 14 NO 2 . (hindawi.com)
- The kringle 2 (K2) module of human plasminogen (Pgn) binds L-lysine and analogous zwitterionic compounds, such as the antifibronolytic agent trans-(aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid (AMCHA). (rcsb.org)
- Tranexamic acid CAS: 1197-18-8 Product Name: Amstat Synonyms: TIMTEC-BB SBB006715;TRANS-4-AMINOMETHYL-1-CYCLOHEXANECARBOXYLIC ACID ;trans-4-aminomet. (everychina.com)
- Product Description Tranexamic acid / Amstat Another Name: Trans-4-(Aminomethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid CAS: 1197-18-8 Molecular Weight: 157 Mol. (everychina.com)
- Meo-suc-AAPV-PNA, plasmin, trypsin and trans-4-(aminomethyl) cyclohexanecarboxylic acid were purchased from Sigma. (alliedacademies.org)
Carboxylic acid18
- It is the carboxylic acid of cyclohexane. (wikipedia.org)
- The invention also provides a process for producing the novel avermectin and milbemycin derivatives by adding a carboxylic acid or derivative thereof to a fermentation of an avermectin or milbemycin producing organism. (google.com)
- Inhibition of neuronal cytosolic branched chain amino acid transamination by gabapentin or branched chain amino acid transport by the L-system substrate analog, 2-amino-bicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, lowered total de novo synthesis of glutamate by 30%, suggesting that branched chain amino acids may account for half of the glutamate nitrogen contributed by transamination reactions. (biomedsearch.com)
- Benzimidazole-based DGAT1 inhibitors with a [3.1.0] bicyclohexane carboxylic acid moiety. (nih.gov)
- an acid chloride from a carboxylic acid. (libretexts.org)
- an alcohol from carboxylic acid. (libretexts.org)
- write the detailed mechanism for the reaction of a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride. (libretexts.org)
- identify the reagents necessary to convert a given carboxylic acid to a given acid chloride, ester, amide or alcohol. (libretexts.org)
- identify the carboxylic acid required for a direct synthesis of a given acid chloride, amide, ester or alcohol. (libretexts.org)
- explain why the direct conversion of a carboxylic acid to an amide can only be achieved with difficulty and at a high temperature. (libretexts.org)
- During the reaction the hydroxyl group of the carboxylic acid is converted to a chlorosulfite intermediate making it a better leaving group. (libretexts.org)
- The direct reaction of a carboxylic acid with an amine would be expected to be difficult because the basic amine would deprotonate the carboxylic acid to form a highly unreactive carboxylate. (libretexts.org)
- The direct conversion of a carboxylic acid to an amide is difficult because amines are basic and tend to convert carboxylic acids to their highly unreactive carboxylates. (libretexts.org)
- In this reaction the carboxylic acid adds to the DCC molecule to form a good leaving group which can then be displaced by an amine during nucleophilic substitution. (libretexts.org)
- Cyclohexane carboxylic acid accumulated to a concentration of 260 μM, accounting for about 18% of the initial benzoate added. (asm.org)
- This study provides the first example of an efficient alkane hydrocarboxylation to carboxylic acid, in an ionic liquid and under mild conditions. (rsc.org)
- The antibacterial erythromycin A, like other macrocyclic polyketides, is derived from simple carboxylic acid precursors by stepwise chain assembly on a modular polyketide synthase (PKS). (sciencemag.org)
- A 5'-amine modified DNA oligonucleotide (5'-ACC AGC TGT GCA GGC CTC GC-3') purchased from Integrative DNA Technologies (Coralville, IA) was conjugated to the bifunctional linker 4-(maleimidomethyl)-1-cyclohexane carboxylic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (SMCC, Sigma Aldrich) by combining 1 mL of SMCC (1 mg/mL) in acetonitrile with 2 mL of DNA (195 nmol) in 0.1 M KHPO4 buffer (pH 7.8). (psu.edu)
Tranexamic37
- Tranexamic acid ( TXA ) is a medication used to treat or prevent excessive blood loss from major trauma , post partum bleeding , surgery, tooth removal , nose bleeds , and heavy menstruation . (wikipedia.org)
- [3] [5] Tranexamic acid is in the antifibrinolytic family of medications. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid was discovered in 1962 by Utako Okamoto . (wikipedia.org)
- [7] Tranexamic acid is available as a generic medication . (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid is frequently used following major trauma. (wikipedia.org)
- [10] Tranexamic acid is used to prevent and treat blood loss in a variety of situations, such as dental procedures for hemophiliacs, heavy menstrual bleeding, and surgeries with high risk of blood loss. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid has been found to decrease the risk of death in people who have significant bleeding due to trauma . (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid is used to treat heavy menstrual bleeding. (wikipedia.org)
- Tranexamic acid is used in orthopedic surgery to reduce blood loss, to the extent of reducing or altogether abolishing the need for perioperative blood collection. (wikipedia.org)
- In the United States, tranexamic acid is FDA approved for short-term use in people with severe bleeding disorders who are about to have dental surgery. (wikipedia.org)
- [20] Tranexamic acid is used for a short period of time before and after the surgery to prevent major blood loss and decrease the need for blood transfusions. (wikipedia.org)
- In obstetrics, tranexamic acid is used after delivery to reduce bleeding, often with syntocinon/oxytocin and fundal massage. (wikipedia.org)
- Each mL of the sterile solution for intravenous injection contains 100 mg tranexamic acid and Water for Injection to 1 mL. (rxlist.com)
- Tranexamic acid is a white crystalline powder. (rxlist.com)
- Thromboembolic events (e.g., deep vein thrombosis , pulmonary embolism , cerebral thrombosis, acute renal cortical necrosis, and central retinal artery and vein obstruction) have been rarely reported in patients receiving tranexamic acid for indications other than hemorrhage prevention in patients with hemophilia . (rxlist.com)
- Tranexamic Acid BP2017 stock with comp. (lookchem.com)
- Tranexamic Acid[CAS:1197-18-8/701-54-2. (lookchem.com)
- Return to Tranexamic acid . (biology-online.org)
- 7,8 Bleeding patients demonstrate increases in D-dimer and plasmin-antiplasmin complexes, both byproducts of fibrinolysis, compared to non-bleeding patients, and these increases are attenuated by treatment with tranexamic acid (TXA, Figure 1). (apsf.org)
- 9 Tranexamic acid was developed in 1962 by Utako Okamoto, a Japanese scientist, in her pursuit of a pharmacologic treatment for postpartum hemorrhage. (apsf.org)
- This paper demonstrates colorimetric visible spectrophotometric quantification methods for amino acid, namely, tranexamic acid and pregabalin. (hindawi.com)
- The analytical methods under proposal were successfully applied to determine tranexamic acid and pregabalin in commercial products. (hindawi.com)
- Primary objective of the study is to compare requirement of blood transfusion and mortality in patients receiving Tranexamic acid (Cyklokapron®) and those not receiving it. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- It involved 274 hospitals across 40 countries and started in 2005 and concluded that tranexamic acid could safely reduce the risk of death in bleeding trauma patients.9 Intraoperative use of low dose tranexamic acid has been observed to be safe and effective in reducing the rate of perioperative blood transfusions in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy.10 It has also been approved by FDA for use in menorrhagia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- In this context, this study is undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of tranexamic acid in major gastrointestinal surgeries. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Investigators hypothesize that addition of Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, to conventional therapy will lead to an improved outcome characterized by lower transfusion requirements. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The drugs Tranexamic Acid and Hemostatics have been mentioned in the context of this disorder. (malacards.org)
- tranexamic acid tablets for sale. (everychina.com)
- Code:006266-001 Tranexamic Acid Tablets 250mg YD100 tablets Sale Price:US$19.99 [1] Warehouse Japan Manufacturer YOSHINDO Brand Nichi-Iko Pharmaceu. (everychina.com)
- 157.21 -Purity: 99%~101% Tranexamic acid -Appearance: White or almost white, crystalline powder What is Tranexamic Acid ? (everychina.com)
- Tranexamic acid is a synt. (everychina.com)
- What is Tranexamic Acid ? (everychina.com)
- Tranexamic acid is a synthetic derivative of the amino acid lysine. (everychina.com)
- To comparatively study the effects of rPI-T1 with aprotinin and tranexamic acid, antifibrinolytic hemostatics currently used in clinical settings, by comparatively analyzing their inhibitory activities on plasmin, trypsin and kallikrein. (alliedacademies.org)
- Tranexamic acid lysine analogues, on the other hand, had millimolar inhibitory concentrations because of different mechanism of action, i.e. noncompetitive inhibition. (alliedacademies.org)
- Characterized by high inhibitory concentration and poor specificity, tranexamic acid is prone to cause severe side effects. (alliedacademies.org)
- Under the same measurement conditions, inhibitory activities of rPI-T1, aprotinin and tranexamic acid on plasmin, trypsin and kallikrein were compared. (alliedacademies.org)
Esters2
- S. aciditrophicus metabolizes various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, methyl esters of butyrate and hexanoate, and benzoate in coculture with hydrogen/formate-using microorganisms. (asm.org)
- Note that NaBH 4 is not strong enough to convert carboxylic acids or esters to alcohols. (libretexts.org)
Trans1
- TXA-trans-4-aminoethyl cyclohexanecarboxylic acid-is a synthetic lysine analog. (apsf.org)
Carbonyl1
- 1) Protonation of the carbonyl by the acid. (libretexts.org)
Pregabalin1
- Pregabalin (PG) chemically is 3-amino methyl hexanoic acid, with the chemical formula C 8 H 17 NO 2 . (hindawi.com)
Quinic acid12
- Quinic Acid" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Quinic Acid" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Quinic Acid" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Quinic Acid" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
- Development of quinic acid-conjugated nanoparticles as a drug carrier to solid tumors. (harvard.edu)
- Quinic acid is a cyclitol, a cyclic polyol, and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Quinic acid is implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. (wikipedia.org)
- Quinic acid is also implicated in the perceived acidity of coffee. (wikipedia.org)
- Dehydrogenation and oxidation of quinic acid affords gallic acid. (wikipedia.org)
- Quinic acid is used as an astringent. (wikipedia.org)
- Quinic acid is named on p. 167. (wikipedia.org)
- D(-)-Quinic Acid is used in the synthesis of anti-influenza/anti-swine flu medication. (chemicalbook.com)
- Quinic acid crystallises from H2O with m 174o, and from EtOH with m 168-169o. (chemicalbook.com)
Chloride cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride1
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid exhibits the reactions typical of carboxylic acids, including its conversion to the acid chloride cyclohexanecarbonyl chloride. (wikipedia.org)
Synthesis2
- First, an ester such as the 1,1-dimethyl-ethylthiol ester serves as an excellent protective group, surviving both relatively mild alkaline and acid conditions, and has been used successfully in the synthesis of many macrolide natural products. (orgsyn.org)
- This acid is a versatile chiral starting material for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclohexene1
- Shikimic acid, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. (sbwire.com)
Valproic1
- Pharmacokinetics of valproic acid, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid, and 1-methyl-1-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid in the bile-exteriorized rat. (aspetjournals.org)
Microbial Degradation1
- Blakley E (1974) The microbial degradation of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid: a pathway involving aromatization to form p -hydroxybenzoic acid. (springer.com)
Degradation1
- The anaerobic degradation of saturated fatty acids and aromatic acids in the absence of terminal electron processes necessitates the presence of a hydrogen-consuming organism to maintain a hydrogen partial pressure low enough for these reactions to be thermodynamically favorable ( 9 , 28 , 29 , 34 ). (asm.org)
Formal condensation2
- An acid anhydride (or just anhydride) is the product of formal condensation of two oxoacid molecules with the release of a water molecule. (libretexts.org)
- A monocarboxylic acid amide obtained by the formal condensation of cyclohexanecarboxylic acid with the amino group of 5-(naphthalen-1-ylmethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-amine. (ebi.ac.uk)
Amino group1
- Both drugs contain the amino group, and when they are reacted with 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, they give rise to yellow colored complexes showing absorption maximum at 418 nm and 425 nm, respectively, based on the Lewis acid base reaction. (hindawi.com)
Benzoic1
- It is prepared by hydrogenation of benzoic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Shikimic16
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- Shikimic acid is mainly used as pharmaceutical intermediates, with a certain irritation. (sbwire.com)
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Chlorogenic acid1
- It is made synthetically by hydrolysis of chlorogenic acid. (wikipedia.org)
Lysine1
- Consistent with the preference of K2 for binding 5-aminopentanoic acid over 6-aminohexanoic acid, the positions of the ionic centers within the K2 binding site approach each other approximately 1A closer relative to what is observed in lysine binding sites of homologous Pgn modules. (rcsb.org)
Cyklokapron1
- For intravenous infusion, CYKLOKAPRON Injection may be mixed with most solutions for infusion such as electrolyte solutions, carbohydrate solutions, amino acid solutions, and Dextran solutions. (rxlist.com)
Crystalline1
- 2-ethoxy-3- (4- (2- (4-methanesulfonyloxyphenyl) ethoxy) phenyl) propanoic acid crystalline form (s). (google.com)
Specificity1
- Our strategy was to replace the loading module of DEBS, which accepts propionyl coenzyme A (CoA) and acetyl-CoA in vivo ( 7 ), with the loading module from the avermectin-producing polyketide synthase of Streptomyces avermitilis, which has an unusually broad specificity for branched carboxylic acids as starter units in vivo ( 8 ). (sciencemag.org)
Formula1
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is the organic compound with the formula C6H11CO2H. (wikipedia.org)
Branched-Chain2
- Although high levels of pyruvate blunted the inhibitory effectiveness of L-cycloserine, the results indicate that, under physiological conditions, alanine as well as branched chain amino acids are probably the predominant sources of glutamate nitrogen in ex vivo retinas. (biomedsearch.com)
- Expression of this hybrid enzyme in the erythromycin producer Saccharopolyspora erythraea produced several novel antibiotic erythromycins derived from endogenous branched-chain acid starter units typical of natural avermectins. (sciencemag.org)
Reaction4
- Cyclohexanecarboxylic acid is a precursor to the nylon-6 precursor caprolactam via its reaction with nitrosylsulfuric acid. (wikipedia.org)
- The fine suspension in the reaction flask is agitated and siphoned into a vigorously stirred mixture of 27 ml. (0.32 mole) (Note 5) of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 400 ml. of water. (orgsyn.org)
- 5. The quantity of hydrochloric acid used is normally insufficient to neutralize all the lithium hydroxide produced when the reaction mixture is quenched in the aqueous solution. (orgsyn.org)
- The excess trifluoroacetic acid and the water formed in the reaction were removed under reduced pressure. (orgsyn.org)
Anhydrides1
- The most common anhydrides in organic chemistry are those derived from carboxylic acids at high temperatures to remove water. (libretexts.org)
Cyclic1
- write an equation to represent the formation of a cyclic anhydride from a dicarboxylic acid. (libretexts.org)
Peptides3
- Although they are less abundant than their α-analogues, β-amino acids occur in nature both in free form and bound to peptides. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Oligomers composed exclusively of β-amino acids (so-called β-peptides) m. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Amino Acids and Peptides. (nii.ac.jp)
Hydroxymethyl1
- A water-dispersed resin composition obtained by dispersing in water a neutralized resin prepared by neutralizing a part or whole of the carboxyl groups in an alkyd resin produced by reacting (A) an oil or fatty acid, (B) tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate and/or tris(hydroxymethyl)isocyanurate, (C) a polyhydric. (google.com.au)
Avermectin2
- Because the avermectin polyketide synthase is known to accept more than 40 alternative carboxylic acids as starter units, this approach opens the way to facile production of novel analogs of antibiotic macrolides. (sciencemag.org)
- Although the natural avermectins normally incorporate just two alternative starter acids, the avermectin loading module has been shown previously to accommodate a wide range of nonnatural starter units, and this has allowed the facile production of avermectin analogs with novel starter units ( 8 ). (sciencemag.org)
Microorganisms1
- Biryukova OV, Fedorak PM, Quideau SA (2007) Biodegradation of naphthenic acids by rhizosphere microorganisms. (springer.com)
Aqueous1
- As a result, any unchanged cyclohexanecarboxylic acid will be present as its lithium salt and will remain in the aqueous phase. (orgsyn.org)
Molecular Weight1
- It is a Kunitz-type serine protease inhibitor containing 59 amino acids and 3 pairs of disulfide bonds, which has a molecular weight of about 6.7 kDa [ 3 , 4 ]. (alliedacademies.org)