Cyclodextrins. Medical search

A homologous group of cyclic GLUCANS consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on starch or similar substrates. The enzyme is produced by certain species of Bacillus. Cyclodextrins form inclusion complexes with a wide variety of substances.

Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of six (6) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of seven (7) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

Cyclic GLUCANS consisting of eight (8) glucopyranose units linked by 1,4-glycosidic bonds.

A phenothiazine derivative that is used as an antipruritic.

Complex compounds in which a dumbbell shaped molecule is encircled by a macrocycle. They are named after rota (wheel) and axis (axle). Notation with a prefix is used to indicate the number of interlocked components. They have potential use in NANOTECHNOLOGY. Rotaxanes have been made with CYCLODEXTRINS and CYCLIC ETHERS.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.

Chemistry dealing with the composition and preparation of agents having PHARMACOLOGIC ACTIONS or diagnostic use.

A family of gram-positive, saprophytic bacteria occurring in soil and aquatic environments.

A measure of relative protection provided by SUNSCREENING AGENTS against burns due to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from a light source.

The rotation of linearly polarized light as it passes through various media.

Enzymes that catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in STARCH; GLYCOGEN; and related POLYSACCHARIDES and OLIGOSACCHARIDES containing 3 or more 1,4-alpha-linked D-glucose units.

Salts and esters of the 14-carbon saturated monocarboxylic acid--myristic acid.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal 1,4-linked alpha-D-glucose residues successively from non-reducing ends of polysaccharide chains with the release of beta-glucose. It is also able to hydrolyze 1,6-alpha-glucosidic bonds when the next bond in sequence is 1,4.

The chemical and physical integrity of a pharmaceutical product.

An inhibitor of ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASES that retards the digestion and absorption of DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES in the SMALL INTESTINE.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

Forms to which substances are incorporated to improve the delivery and the effectiveness of drugs. Drug carriers are used in drug-delivery systems such as the controlled-release technology to prolong in vivo drug actions, decrease drug metabolism, and reduce drug toxicity. Carriers are also used in designs to increase the effectiveness of drug delivery to the target sites of pharmacological actions. Liposomes, albumin microspheres, soluble synthetic polymers, DNA complexes, protein-drug conjugates, and carrier erythrocytes among others have been employed as biodegradable drug carriers.

The homogeneous mixtures formed by the mixing of a solid, liquid, or gaseous substance (solute) with a liquid (the solvent), from which the dissolved substances can be recovered by physical processes. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)

The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.

Differential thermal analysis in which the sample compartment of the apparatus is a differential calorimeter, allowing an exact measure of the heat of transition independent of the specific heat, thermal conductivity, and other variables of the sample.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

Exclusive legal rights or privileges applied to inventions, plants, etc.

Determination of the energy distribution of gamma rays emitted by nuclei. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)

The aggregate enterprise of manufacturing and technically producing chemicals. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The remnants of plant cell walls that are resistant to digestion by the alimentary enzymes of man. It comprises various polysaccharides and lignins.

Shortened forms of written words or phrases used for brevity.

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in starch, glycogen, and related polysaccharides and oligosaccharides so as to remove successive beta-maltose units from the non-reducing ends of the chains. EC 3.2.1.2.

A substance, extract, or preparation for diffusing or imparting an agreeable or attractive smell, especially a fluid containing fragrant natural oils extracted from flowers, woods, etc., or similar synthetic oils. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

The privacy of information and its protection against unauthorized disclosure.

Legal guarantee protecting the individual from attack on personal liberties, right to fair trial, right to vote, and freedom from discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, age, disability, or national origin. (from http://www.usccr.gov/ accessed 1/31/2003)

The freedom of patients to review their own medical, genetic, or other health-related records.

An array of tests used to determine the toxicity of a substance to living systems. These include tests on clinical drugs, foods, and environmental pollutants.

Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.

Discarded animal and vegetable matter from a kitchen or the refuse from food preparation. (From Random House College Dictionary, 1982)

Barriers used to separate and remove PARTICULATE MATTER from air.

Inanimate objects that carry pathogenic microorganisms and thus can serve as the source of infection. Microorganisms typically survive on fomites for minutes or hours. Common fomites include CLOTHING, tissue paper, hairbrushes, and COOKING AND EATING UTENSILS.

Disposal, processing, controlling, recycling, and reusing the solid, liquid, and gaseous wastes of plants, animals, humans, and other organisms. It includes control within a closed ecological system to maintain a habitable environment.

Substances used on inanimate objects that destroy harmful microorganisms or inhibit their activity. Disinfectants are classed as complete, destroying SPORES as well as vegetative forms of microorganisms, or incomplete, destroying only vegetative forms of the organisms. They are distinguished from ANTISEPTICS, which are local anti-infective agents used on humans and other animals. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11th ed)

Volunteer organizations whose members perform work for the hospital without compensation.

Personnel whose work is prescribed and supervised by the dentist.

Substances intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions. Included in this definition are skin creams, lotions, perfumes, lipsticks, fingernail polishes, eye and facial makeup preparations, permanent waves, hair colors, toothpastes, and deodorants, as well as any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. (U.S. Food & Drug Administration Center for Food Safety & Applied Nutrition Office of Cosmetics Fact Sheet (web page) Feb 1995)

Thermus aquaticus ATCC 33923 amylomaltase gene cloning and expression and enzyme characterization: production of cycloamylose. (1/768)

The amylomaltase gene of the thermophilic bacterium Thermus aquaticus ATCC 33923 was cloned and sequenced. The open reading frame of this gene consisted of 1,503 nucleotides and encoded a polypeptide that was 500 amino acids long and had a calculated molecular mass of 57,221 Da. The deduced amino acid sequence of the amylomaltase exhibited a high level of homology with the amino acid sequence of potato disproportionating enzyme (D-enzyme) (41%) but a low level of homology with the amino acid sequence of the Escherichia coli amylomaltase (19%). The amylomaltase gene was overexpressed in E. coli, and the enzyme was purified. This enzyme exhibited maximum activity at 75 degrees C in a 10-min reaction with maltotriose and was stable at temperatures up to 85 degrees C. When the enzyme acted on amylose, it catalyzed an intramolecular transglycosylation (cyclization) reaction which produced cyclic alpha-1,4-glucan (cycloamylose), like potato D-enzyme. The yield of cycloamylose produced from synthetic amylose with an average molecular mass of 110 kDa was 84%. However, the minimum degree of polymerization (DP) of the cycloamylose produced by T. aquaticus enzyme was 22, whereas the minimum DP of the cycloamylose produced by potato D-enzyme was 17. The T. aquaticus enzyme also catalyzed intermolecular transglycosylation of maltooligosaccharides. A detailed analysis of the activity of T. aquaticus ATCC 33923 amylomaltase with maltooligosaccharides indicated that the catalytic properties of this enzyme differ from those of E. coli amylomaltase and the plant D-enzyme. (+info)

Opposite behavior of two isozymes when refolding in the presence of non-ionic detergents. (2/768)

GroEL has a greater affinity for the mitochondrial isozyme (mAAT) of aspartate aminotransferase than for its cytosolic counterpart (cAAT) (Mattingly JR Jr, Iriarte A, Martinez-Carrion M, 1995, J Biol Chem 270:1138-1148), two proteins that share a high degree of sequence similarity and an almost identical spatial structure. The effect of detergents on the refolding of these large, dimeric isozymes parallels this difference in behavior. The presence of non-ionic detergents such as Triton X-100 or lubrol at concentrations above their critical micelle concentration (CMC) interferes with reactivation of mAAT unfolded in guanidinium chloride but increases the yield of cAAT refolding at low temperatures. The inhibitory effect of detergents on the reactivation of mAAT decreases progressively as the addition of detergents is delayed after starting the refolding reaction. The rate of disappearance of the species with affinity for binding detergents coincides with the slowest of the two rate-limiting steps detected in the refolding pathway of mAAT. Limited proteolysis studies indicate that the overall structure of the detergent-bound mAAT resembles that of the protein in a complex with GroEL. The mAAT folding intermediates trapped in the presence of detergents can resume reactivation either upon dilution of the detergent below its CMC or by adding beta-cyclodextrin. Thus, isolation of otherwise transient productive folding intermediates for further characterization is possible through the use of detergents. (+info)

Antilithiasic effect of beta-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine. (3/768)

Beta-Cyclodextrin (BCD), a cyclic oligosaccharide that binds cholesterol and bile acids in vitro, has been previously shown to be an effective plasma cholesterol lowering agent in hamsters and domestic pigs. This study examined the effects of BCD as compared with cholestyramine on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism in the LPN hamster model model for cholesterol gallstones. The incidence of cholesterol gallstones was 65% in LPN hamsters fed the lithogenic diet, but decreased linearly with increasing amounts of BCD in the diet to be nil at a dose of 10% BCD. In gallbladder bile, cholesterol, phospholipid and chenodeoxycholate concentrations, hydrophobic and lithogenic indices were all significantly decreased by 10% BCD. Increases in bile acid synthesis (+110%), sterol 27-hydroxylase activity (+106%), and biliary cholate secretion (+140%) were also observed, whereas the biliary secretion of chenodeoxycholate decreased (-43%). The fecal output of chenodeoxycholate and cholate (plus derivatives) was increased by +147 and +64%, respectively, suggesting that BCD reduced the chenodeoxycholate intestinal absorption preferentially. Dietary cholestyramine decreased biliary bile acid concentration and secretion, but dramatically increased the fecal excretion of chenodeoxycholate and cholate plus their derivatives (+328 and +1940%, respectively). In contrast to BCD, the resin increased the lithogenic index in bile, induced black gallstones in 34% of hamsters, and stimulated markedly the activities of HMG-CoA reductase (+670%), sterol 27-hydroxylase (+310%), and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (+390%). Thus, beta-cyclodextrin (BCD) prevented cholesterol gallstone formation by decreasing specifically the reabsorption of chenodeoxycholate, stimulating its biosynthesis and favoring its fecal elimination. BCD had a milder effect on lipid metabolism than cholestyramine and does not predispose animals to black gallstones as cholestyramine does in this animal model. (+info)

Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin perturbs formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. (4/768)

The importance of cholesterol for endocytosis has been investigated in HEp-2 and other cell lines by using methyl-beta-cyclodextrin (MbetaCD) to selectively extract cholesterol from the plasma membrane. MbetaCD treatment strongly inhibited endocytosis of transferrin and EGF, whereas endocytosis of ricin was less affected. The inhibition of transferrin endocytosis was completely reversible. On removal of MbetaCD it was restored by continued incubation of the cells even in serum-free medium. The recovery in serum-free medium was inhibited by addition of lovastatin, which prevents cholesterol synthesis, but endocytosis recovered when a water-soluble form of cholesterol was added together with lovastatin. Electron microscopical studies of MbetaCD-treated HEp-2 cells revealed that typical invaginated caveolae were no longer present. Moreover, the invagination of clathrin-coated pits was strongly inhibited, resulting in accumulation of shallow coated pits. Quantitative immunogold labeling showed that transferrin receptors were concentrated in coated pits to the same degree (approximately sevenfold) after MbetaCD treatment as in control cells. Our results therefore indicate that although clathrin-independent (and caveolae-independent) endocytosis still operates after removal of cholesterol, cholesterol is essential for the formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. (+info)

V-Amylose at atomic resolution: X-ray structure of a cycloamylose with 26 glucose residues (cyclomaltohexaicosaose). (5/768)

The amylose fraction of starch occurs in double-helical A- and B-amyloses and the single-helical V-amylose. The latter contains a channel-like central cavity that is able to include molecules, "iodine's blue" being the best-known representative. Molecular models of these amylose forms have been deduced by solid state 13C cross-polarization/magic angle spinning NMR and by x-ray fiber and electron diffraction combined with computer-aided modeling. They remain uncertain, however, as no structure at atomic resolution is available. We report here the crystal structure of a hydrated cycloamylose containing 26 glucose residues (cyclomaltohexaicosaose, CA26), which has been determined by real/reciprocal space recycling starting from randomly positioned atoms or from an oriented diglucose fragment. This structure provides conclusive evidence for the structure of V-amylose, as the macrocycle of CA26 is folded into two short left-handed V-amylose helices in antiparallel arrangement and related by twofold rotational pseudosymmetry. In the V-helices, all glucose residues are in syn orientation, forming systematic interglucose O(3)n...O(2)(n+l) and O(6)n...O(2)(n+6)/O(3)(n+6) hydrogen bonds; the central cavities of the V-helices are filled by disordered water molecules. The folding of the CA26 macrocycle is characterized by typical "band-flips" in which diametrically opposed glucose residues are in anti rather than in the common syn orientation, this conformation being stabilized by interglucose three-center hydrogen bonds with O(3)n as donor and O(5)(n+l), O(6)(n+l) as acceptors. The structure of CA26 permitted construction of an idealized V-amylose helix, and the band-flip motif explains why V-amylose crystallizes readily and may be packed tightly in seeds. (+info)

Cell cholesterol efflux: integration of old and new observations provides new insights. (6/768)

Numerous studies using a variety of cell/acceptor combinations have demonstrated differences in cholesterol efflux among cells. These studies also show that different acceptors, ranging from simple molecules like cyclodextrins to serum, stimulate efflux through a variety of mechanisms. By combining early observations with data derived from recent studies, it is now possible to formulate a model for cell cholesterol efflux which proposes that an array of different mechanisms, including aqueous diffusion, lipid-free apolipoprotein membrane microsolubilization, and SR-BI-mediated cholesterol exchange contribute to cholesterol flux. In this model the relative importance of each mechanism would be determined both by the cell type and the nature of the extracellular cholesterol acceptor. (+info)

Cellular cholesterol regulates expression of the macrophage type B scavenger receptor, CD36. (7/768)

CD36, the macrophage type B scavenger receptor, binds and internalizes oxidized low density lipoprotein (OxLDL), and may potentially play a role in the development of atherosclerosis. We reported that the native and modified low density lipoproteins increased CD36 mRNA and protein ( J. Biol. Chem. 272: 21654-21659). In this study, we investigated the effect of alterations of cellular cholesterol content on macrophage expression of CD36. Depletion of cholesterol by treatment with beta-cyclodextrins (beta-cyclodextrin [beta-CD] and methylated beta-cyclodextrin [MebetaCD]) significantly decreased CD36 mRNA and 125I-labeled OxLDL binding. Conversely, loading macrophages with cholesterol or cholesteryl ester (acetate) with MebetaCD:cholesterol complexes increased CD36 mRNA, 125I-labeled OxLDL binding, and CD36 surface expression as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting. Thus, CD36 expression paralleled cellular cholesterol levels after removal of cholesterol with beta-cyclodextrins or addition of cholesterol with MebetaCD:cholesterol complexes. Neither cholesterol depletion nor loading altered expression of type A scavenger receptor mRNA. Kinetics studies showed that changes in CD36 mRNA occurred after changes of cellular cholesterol. Neither beta-cyclodextrins nor MebetaCD:cholesterol altered CD36 mRNA half-life in the presence of actinomycin D, suggesting that alterations in CD36 expression by cholesterol occur at the transcriptional level. These experiments demonstrate that CD36 expression is enhanced by cholesterol and down-regulated by cholesterol efflux, and imply that macrophage expression of CD36 and foam cell formation in atherosclerotic lesions may be perpetuated by a cycle in which lipids drive expression of CD36 in a self-regulatory manner. (+info)

Critical role for cholesterol in Lyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI and their association with detergent-resistant membranes. (8/768)

Tyrosine phosphorylation of the high affinity immunoglobulin (Ig)E receptor (FcepsilonRI) by the Src family kinase Lyn is the first known biochemical step that occurs during activation of mast cells and basophils after cross-linking of FcepsilonRI by antigen. The hypothesis that specialized regions in the plasma membrane, enriched in sphingolipids and cholesterol, facilitate the coupling of Lyn and FcepsilonRI was tested by investigating functional and structural effects of cholesterol depletion on Lyn/FcepsilonRI interactions. We find that cholesterol depletion with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin substantially reduces stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI and other proteins while enhancing more downstream events that lead to stimulated exocytosis. In parallel to its inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation, cholesterol depletion disrupts the interactions of aggregated FcepsilonRI and Lyn on intact cells and also disrupts those interactions with detergent-resistant membranes that are isolated by sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation of lysed cells. Importantly, cholesterol repletion restores receptor phosphorylation together with the structural interactions. These results provide strong evidence that membrane structure, maintained by cholesterol, plays a critical role in the initiation of FcepsilonRI signaling. (+info)

CyclodextrinsEdit. Curcuminoids form a more stable complex with solutions which contain cyclodextrin towards hydrolytic ... Cyclodextrin complexation: solubility, chemical and photochemical stabilit". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 244 (1-2 ... Symmetric and asymmetric curcuminoids: stability, activity and complexation with cyclodextrin". Int J Pharm. 338 (1-2): 27-34. ... No covalent bonds are present between the cyclodextrins and the curcuminoids so they are easily released from the complex by ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcuminoid

... cyclodextrin". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 105 (5): 1390-91. doi:10.1021/ja00343a063. "Anthony W. Czarnik, Ph.D ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Czarnik

in the presence of cyclodextrins". Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 11 (7): 398-404. doi:10.1016/0141-0229(89)90133-6. Sandow J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steroid

in the presence of cyclodextrins". Enzyme and Microbial Technology. 11 (7): 398-404. doi:10.1016/0141-0229(89)90133-6. "Dea ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldione

He also showed that cyclodextrin can be used to investigate catalysis of organic reactions within the scope of host-guest ... Bender, Myron L; Kobiyama, M. (1978). cyclodextrin chemistry. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. ISBN 978-3540085775.. ... and also cyclodextrin chemistry; The series of Myron L. Bender & Muriel S. Bender Distinguished Summer Lectures in Organic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myron_L._Bender

Asim, MH; Ijaz, M; Rösch, AC; Bernkop-Schnürch, A (2020). "Thiolated cyclodextrins: New perspectives for old excipients". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andreas_Bernkop-Schnürch

α-cyclodextrins comprise six glucopyranose units, β- cyclodextrins comprise seven, and γ comprise eight. Cyclodextrins are ... To synthesize cyclodextrins, enzymatic action occurs on hydrolyzed starch. Cyclodextrin nanosponges are made of a three ... Trotta, Francesco (2011), "Cyclodextrin Nanosponges and their Applications", Cyclodextrins in Pharmaceutics, Cosmetics, and ... β-cyclodextrins are used due to low cost and medium-sized pores allowing for a broad range of guest molecules to be collected. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanosponges

... dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide is able to interrupt the hydrogen bonding between cyclodextrins in the cyclodextrin- ... Cyclodextrins have been extensively studied as host molecules (ring) in polyrotaxanes. The poly(ethylene glycol)s can assemble ... Every two ethyleneoxy repeat units in poly(ethylene glycol)s can thread in one α-cyclodextrin. The models confirm that the ... This is because the hydrogen bonding between the cyclodextrins. As the hydrogen bonding is destroyed by dimethyl sulfoxide or ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyrotaxane

By combining ferrocene dimer with β-cyclodextrin dimer, a redox-control supramolecular polymers system has been proposed as a ... Akira Harada was one of the firstwhorecognize the importance of combining polymers and cyclodextrins. Feihe Huang showed an ... cyclodextrins/adamantane derivatives, and pillar arene/imidazolium derivatives [30-33]. When the monomers are "heteroditopic", ... "Self-assembled supramolecular hydrogels formed by biodegradable PEO-PHB-PEO triblock copolymers and alpha-cyclodextrin for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supramolecular_polymer

A few exceptions exist, such as certain cyclodextrins. For condensed phases (solids and liquids), the pressure dependence of ... Salvatore Filippone, Frank Heimanna and André Rassat (2002). "A highly water-soluble 2+1 b-cyclodextrin-fullerene conjugate". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility

Cyclodextrin The cyclical dextrins are known as cyclodextrins. They are formed by enzymatic degradation of starch by certain ... bacteria, for example, Paenibacillus macerans (Bacillus macerans). Cyclodextrins have toroidal structures formed by 6-8 glucose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrin

The cyclodextrins can absorb an estimated 60 percent of their own weight in alcohol. A US patent was registered for the process ... Nebulizer: Alcohol powder produced through molecular encapsulation with cyclodextrin can be used with a nebulizer though this ... "Aerosolization potential of cyclodextrins-influence of the operating conditions". PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and ... alcohol can be absorbed in cyclodextrins, a synthetic carbohydrate derivative. In this way, encapsuled in small capsules, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_powder

Here she proposed the use of the chiral additives sulphated-β-cyclodextrin, heparin and quinine in capillary electrophoresis. ... Stalcup, Apryll M.; Gahm, Kyung H. (1996). "Application of Sulfated Cyclodextrins to Chiral Separations by Capillary Zone ... Cyclodextrins: A Versatile Tool in Separation Science". ChemInform. 32 (2): no. doi:10.1002/chin.200102265. ISSN 0931-7597. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apryll_Stalcup

Clathrate Clathrochelate Cryptophane Cyclodextrin Alberto, R.; Ortner, K.; Wheatley, N.; Schibli, R.; Schubiger, A. P. (2001 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptand

Other substituted β-cyclodextrins have since been reported, including thiol-modified cyclodextrins, an anion-selective ... Chui, J. K. W.; Fyles, T. M. (May 2010). "Apparent fractal distribution of open durations in cyclodextrin-based ion channels". ... The first synthetic ion channel was constructed by partial substitution on the primary rim of β-cyclodextrin. ... Structure-activity relationships for a large suite of cyclodextrin "half-channels" prepared by "click"-chemistry has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_ion_channels

Classical examples include the crown ethers, calixarenes, porphyrins, and cyclodextrins. Macrocycles describe a large, mature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macrocycle

... alpha-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, alpha-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, beta-cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, beta- ... cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, gamma-cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, cyclomaltodextrin ... Rational design of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans strain 251 to increase alpha-cyclodextrin ... The coupling reaction can be easily described as the reverse process of cyclization: the enzyme cleaves a cyclodextrin to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclomaltodextrin_glucanotransferase

No covalent bonds are present between the cyclodextrins and the curcuminoids so they are easily released from the complex by ... The curcuminoids would be in complex with the core of the micelles similar to the complex inside the cyclodextrins. The ... Degradation rate is depended on pH of the solution and how much protection the cyclodextrins provide the curcuminoids. The ... Cyclodextrin complexation: solubility, chemical and photochemical stabilit". International Journal of Pharmaceutics. 244 (1-2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curcuminoid

"Cyclodextrin promotes atherosclerosis regression via macrophage reprogramming". Science Translational Medicine. 8 (333): ... aspirin supplement oligosaccharide 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin can solubilize cholesterol, removing it from plaques[better ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atheroma

The sugar, cyclodextrin, removed cholesterol that had built up in the arteries of mice fed a high-fat diet. Aging is the most ... "Cyclodextrin promotes atherosclerosis regression via macrophage reprogramming". Science Translational Medicine. 8 (333): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atherosclerosis

Cyclodextrins are well established hosts for the formation of inclusion compounds.[1][2][3] Illustrative is the case of ... Cyclodextrin also forms inclusion compounds with fragrances. As a result, the fragrance molecules have a reduced vapor pressure ... Yu Liu, Rui-Qin Zhong, Heng-Yi Zhang and Hai-Bin Song (2010). "A unique tetramer of 4:5 -cyclodextrin-ferrocene in the solid ... L. (2005). "Fragrance-release Property of β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Compounds and their Application in Aromatherapy". Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inclusion_compound

It uses cyclodextrins, a chromophore, and a number of metal salts. This can either be seen directly or connected to an infrared ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_detector

Chemically they are similar to the much smaller cyclodextrins, which are typically composed of 6, 7 or 8 glucose units. ... While the structures of cyclodextrins are planar circles, the structure of cycloamyloses with 10 to 14 glucose units were ... "Structures of the Common Cyclodextrins and Their Larger AnaloguesBeyond the Doughnut". Chemical Reviews. 98 (5): 1787-1802. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloamylose

Bilensoy, Erem (2011). Cyclodextrins in Pharmaceutics, Cosmetics, and Biomedicine : Current and Future Industrial Applications ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmetics

Her research on cyclodextrins started soon after her methods focused on gas chromatography, high-performance liquid ... Her research became more widespread and she was asked to add many monographs on cyclodextrins, one of them being for a ... her first choice being cyclodextrins, but moving on with urea and thiourea for the separation of isomers. ... "Study of retention of isomeric aromatic hydrocarbons on GTCB and cyclodextrins". "Eva Smolková-Keulemansová (1927)". www. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eva_Smolková-Keulemansová

"From algal polysaccharides to cyclodextrins to stabilize a urease inhibitor" (PDF). Carbohydrate Polymers. 112: 145-151. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oilfield_scale_inhibition

Derived from this the derivatization of β-cyclodextrin to sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD) is by now an important ... β-Cyclodextrin can be reacted with 1,4-butanesultone in sodium hydroxide solution at 70 °C to the sulfobutyl ether in yields of ... Thereby, the water solubility of the β-cyclodextrin increases from 18.5 g · l-1 to more than 900 g · l-1 at 25 °C. Sulfobutyl ... Sulfobutyl ether-beta-cyclodextrin is a water-soluble inclusion compound for the solubilization and stabilization of sparsely ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,4-Butane_sultone

"Energetics of cellulose and cyclodextrin glycosidic bond cleavage". Royal Society of Chemistry, Reaction Chemistry & ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Dauenhauer

"Structures of the Common Cyclodextrins and Their Larger Analogues-Beyond the Doughnut". Chemical Reviews. 98 (5): 1787-1802. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Free_University_of_Berlin_people

Intense Phosphorescence Triggered by Alcohols upon Formation of a Cyclodextrin Ternary Complex. Ponce, A.; Wong, P. A.; Way, J ... Substrate Induced Phosphorescence from Cyclodextrin/Lumophore Host-Guest Complexes. Hartman, W.; Gray, M.; Ponce, A.; Wong, P. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Ponce

Branched cyclodextrins are produced by the pyrolysis of cyclodextrins. The temperature range is 135 C. to 220 C. using ... The advantage of branched cyclodextrins over cyclodextrins and especially branched beta cyclodextrins over beta cyclodextrins ... crystalline cyclodextrin is beta cyclodextrin and the branched cyclodextrin is branched beta cyclodextrin. ... crystalline cyclodextrin is beta cyclodextrin and the branched cyclodextrin is branched beta cyclodextrin. ...

http://www.google.com/patents/US5032182?dq=6437692

Techno-economic analyses of specific alpha cyclodextrin production processes, presenting capital investment breakdown, raw ... ECONOMICS OF ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN PRODUCTION FROM CORN (ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN E12A) It presents the economics of alpha-Cyclodextrin ... Cyclodextrin production costs Industrial Process Economics About Alpha-Cyclodextrin Reports Coverage of Alpha-Cyclodextrin ... ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN E11A) This report presents the economics of alpha-Cyclodextrin production from corn in the USA, using a ...

https://www.slideshare.net/intratec/feasibility-studies-alphacyclodextrin-manufacturing

About CYCLODEXTRIN: Cyclodextrin is a cyclic polysaccharide comprised of six to eight glucopyranose units.. Function(s): ... Synonym(s): .BETA.-CYCLODEXTRIN; ALPHADEX; BETADEX; CYCLOAMYLOSE; CYCLOHEPTAPENTYLOSE; BETA-CYCLOAMYLOSE; BETA- ...

http://www.ewg.org/skindeep/ingredient/701732/CYCLODEXTRIN/

Structural representations of β-cyclodextrin, α-cyclodextrin, and γ-cyclodextrin. The cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides ... Cyclodextrins Product Name. Formula. Mol Wt.. Assay (%). Application. Solubility. Cat. No.. α-Cyclodextrin. C36H60O30. 972.84. ... 2-Hydroxypropyl)-γ-cyclodextrin. -. -. -. -. H2O 450 mg/mL. H125. Methyl-β-cyclodextrin extent of labeling 1.5 - 2.1 methyl per ... 2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin. -. -. -. -. H2O 45 % (w/v). H107. (2-Hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin. extent of labeling 4 - 10 ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/china-mainland/zh/technical-documents/articles/biofiles/cyclodextrins.html

... Bridging ligand holds scaffold in position to make strained oligomers by Celia Arnaud April ... The most common cyclodextrins, CD6, CD7, and CD8, are made commercially via enzymatic processes. The smallest one previously ... Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligomers of glucose. Their central cavities can hold small molecules, making them attractive for ... 4-glycosidic bond formation needed to make the desired strained cyclodextrins. Although the researchers were able to obtain CD3 ...

https://cen.acs.org/synthesis/Smallest-cyclodextrins-synthesized/97/i15

ß-CYCLODEXTRIN. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 35, 1996, No. 843 (inchem). ... ß-CYCLODEXTRIN. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 35, 1996, No. 843 (inchem). ... ß-CYCLODEXTRIN. WHO Food Additives Series, No. 35, 1996, No. 843 (inchem). ...

https://www.ewg.org/guides/substances/1564-CYCLODEXTRIN/

GRN 000155, alpha-cyclodextrin;GRAS Notice No. GRN 000074, beta-cyclodextrin;GRAS Notice No. GRN 000046, gamma-cyclodextrin ... cyclodextrin: 7 glucose subunits γ (gamma)-cyclodextrin: 8 glucose subunits Cyclodextrins are ingredients in more than 30 ... Both β-cyclodextrin and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD) remove cholesterol from cultured cells. The methylated form MβCD was found ... Cyclodextrins were also shown to enhance mucosal penetration of drugs. β-cyclodextrins are used to produce stationary phase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclodextrin

The aim of this chapter is to describe the practical aspects, and current and potential applications of cyclodextrins in ... The last section focuses on the effect of cyclodextrins on reactions undergone by some nitroso compounds and on some ... Notify me of updates to Cyclodextrins in Nitrosation Chemistry, pp. 1-44. ... The first section describes physico-chemical aspects of aqueous cyclodextrin. solutions relative to mechanistic studies. The ...

https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=5577

α-Cyclodextrin is a hexasaccharide derived from glucose. It is related to the β- (beta) and γ- (gamma) cyclodextrins, which ... All cyclodextrins are white, water-soluble solids with minimal toxicity. Cyclodextrins tend to bind other molecules in their ... Then cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is added for enzymatic conversion. CGTases produce diverse cyclodextrins. The ... The exterior surface of cyclodextrins is somewhat hydrophilic whereas the interior core is hydrophobic. α-Cyclodextrin is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpha-Cyclodextrin

However, cyclodextrins are not very specific and fail for most alkaloids-a class of nitrogen-containing chemicals, including ... Better Than Cyclodextrins. Molecular Containers for the Sequestration of Neurotransmitter Drugs in Water. ... This host-guest complexation is the mechanism by which cyclodextrins, which are large, ring-shaped sugar molecules, eliminate ... Molecular containers of the cyclodextrin type sequester their targets by complexation. The ring- or barrel-shaped molecules ...

https://www.bionity.com/en/news/1166766/better-than-cyclodextrins.html

... with gamma-cyclodextrin boosted bioavailability of CoQ10 by about 35 per cent compared to a microcrystalline cellulose-CoQ10 ... Complexing co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) with gamma-cyclodextrin boosted bioavailability of CoQ10 by about 35 per cent compared to a ... CycloChem and Wacker-Chemie are both gamma-cyclodextrin producers, with Wacker claiming to be the worlds leading producer of ... suggesting the potential use of gamma-cyclodextrin for an oral capsule formulation containing CoQ10 powder," wrote lead author ...

https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2006/10/19/CoQ10-bioavailability-boosted-by-cyclodextrin

Beta cyclodextrins bind and remove A2E from RPE. Marcelo M. Nociari, Guillermo L. Lehmann, Andres E. Perez Bay, Roxana A. Radu ... Beta cyclodextrins bind and remove A2E from RPE. Marcelo M. Nociari, Guillermo L. Lehmann, Andres E. Perez Bay, Roxana A. Radu ... Cyclodextrin stock solutions were prepared at 100 mM in PBS buffer (pH 7.2) except for β-CD system, which, due to the ... 2011) Function of the Niemann-Pick type C proteins and their bypass by cyclodextrin. Curr Opin Lipidol 22(3):204-209. ...

http://www.pnas.org/content/111/14/E1402

Their extraction with as mild conditions as possible led to its investigation using cyclodextrins as a tool. The inclusion ... Application of Cyclodextrins to the Extraction of Antioxidant Compounds from Olive Oil. ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10600-005-0065-3

The preferred perfume/cyclodextrin complexes, either alone or admixed with solvent (e.g., water), are preferably suspended in ... Cyclodextrin complex is suspended in polyalkylene glycol carrier material that does not displace the included material. ... Preferably at least a major portion of the cyclodextrins are alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, and/or gamma-cyclodextrin, ... 1. Cyclodextrins. As used herein, the term "cyclodextrin" (CD) includes any of the known cyclodextrins such as unsubstituted ...

http://www.google.ca/patents/US5384186

Solutions of (a) 20 mL 5% chitosan, (b) 40 mL 5% β-cyclodextrin, and (c) 20 mL 5% chitosan + 40 mL β-cyclodextrin were diluted ... Hydroxyl group on the β-cyclodextrin and hydroxyl group on the chitosan or amino interact when the compounds of β-cyclodextrin ... β-cyclodextrin. After 12 days, the MDA content of those coated with chitosan + β-cyclodextrin was 0.83 mmol/g, 35.7% lower than ... β-cyclodextrin. The respiration rate of those coated with chitosan + β-cyclodextrin was lower than that of those coated with ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ija/2013/209235/

The food enzyme β‐cyclodextrin glucanotransferase ((1→4)‐α‐d‐glucan 4‐α‐d‐[(1→4)‐α‐d‐glucano]‐transferase; EC 2.4.1.19) is ... It is intended to be used in starch processing for the production of γ‐cyclodextrin. Residual amounts of total organic solids ... food enzyme, β‐cyclodextrin glucanotransferase, cyclomaltodextrin glucosyltransferase, β‐CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19, Escherichia coli ... In the absence of information about the sequence homology of this β‐cyclodextrin glucanotransferase with known allergens, the ...

https://www.efsa.europa.eu/de/efsajournal/pub/6249

The compositions can further comprise cyclodextrin-compatible and -incompatible materials, and other optional ingredients. ... A stable composition for removing unwanted molecules from a surface comprises low-degree of substitution cyclodextrin ... branched cyclodextrins, cationic cyclodextrins, anionic cyclodextrins, amphoteric cyclodextrins and cyclodextrins wherein at ... branched cyclodextrins, cationic cyclodextrins, anionic cyclodextrins, amphoteric cyclodextrins and cyclodextrins wherein at ...

http://www.google.com.au/patents/US6878695

Copyright ©2021 NORD - National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc. All rights reserved. NORD is a registered 501(c)(3) charity organization. Please note that NORD provides this information for the benefit of the rare disease community. NORD is not a medical provider or health care facility and thus can neither diagnose any disease or disorder nor endorse or recommend any specific medical treatments. Patients must rely on the personal and individualized medical advice of their qualified health care professionals before seeking any information related to their particular diagnosis, cure or treatment of a condition or disorder. ...

https://rarediseases.org/tag/cyclodextrin/

Abstract Cyclodextrin-enhanced roo... Introduction Cyclodextrins (CDs) a...,Cyclodextrin,enhances,room,temperature, ... Cyclodextrin enhances room temperature phosphorescence. ... Abstract Cyclodextrin-enhanced roo... Introduction Cyclodextrins ( ... This inclusion capability has led to an important use of cyclodextrins in luminescence spectroscopy. Cyclodextrins have been ... Cyclodextrins (CDs) are made up of glucose monomers coupled to form a rigid, conical structure with an interior hydrophobic ...

http://www.bio-medicine.org/biology-technology/Cyclodextrin-enhances-room-temperature-phosphorescence-1407-1/

Cyclodextrin Chemistry Conference is for the researchers, scientists, scholars, engineers, academic, scientific and university ... Cyclodextrin Chemistry. International Conference on Cyclodextrin Chemistry. Cyclodextrin Chemistry Conference aims to bring ... and concerns as well as practical challenges encountered and solutions adopted in the fields of Cyclodextrin Chemistry ... experiences and research results on all aspects of Cyclodextrin Chemistry Conference. It also provides a premier ...

https://waset.org/cyclodextrin-chemistry-conference

Delivering co-enzyme Q10 complexed with beta-cyclodextrin may increase the bioavailability of the nutrient, with the benefits ... Lifton told this website that beta-cyclodextrin is allowed in Europe whereas gamma-cyclodextrin is currently forbidden in ... CoQ10 bioavailability boost from cyclodextrin complex. By Stephen Daniells 12-Mar-2010. - Last updated on 01-Apr-2010 at 07:34 ... The cyclodextrin used in the Micro-Active CoQ10 ingredient is derived from potato starch and is non-GMO, added Maypro. ...

https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2010/03/12/CoQ10-bioavailability-boost-from-cyclodextrin-complex

Horikoshi, K. and Nakamura, N. in Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cyclodextrins (Szejtli, J.,ed.) P25-39 ( ... Hashimoto H. (1988) Application of Cyclodextrins to Foods, Toiletries and Other Products in Japan. In: Huber O., Szejtli J. ( ... Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Cyclodextrins pp 533-543 , Cite as ... eds) Proceedings of the Fourth International Symposium on Cyclodextrins. Advances in Inclusion Science, vol 5. Springer, ...

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-94-009-2637-0_76

... α-cyclodextrin), W7 (β-cyclodextrin) and W8 (γ-cyclodextrin). ... world to produce all three naturally occurring cyclodextrins, ... β-cyclodextrin) and W8 (γ-cyclodextrin). The cyclodextrin derivatives produced by modifying these α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins by ... Cyclodextrins. With this method, we produce three different CAVAMAX® cyclodextrins, which are identical to the ones found in ... Depending on the size of the ring, a distinction is made between α-cyclodextrin with six, β-cyclodextrin with seven and γ- ...

https://www.wacker.com/cms/en-us/products/product-groups/cyclodextrins-complexes/cyclodextrins-complexes.html

... cyclodextrins) and sinks (large unilamellar vesicles), and (f) suggests that cyclodextrin-like cholesterol shuttles might be of ... Cyclodextrins as catalysts for the removal of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells.. V M Atger, M de la Llera Moya, G W ... Low concentrations of cyclodextrins (, 1.0 mM) added to serum act catalytically, accelerating the exchange of cholesterol ... Increased efflux was not accompanied by a change in cell cholesterol mass; thus, cyclodextrin functioned as a cholesterol ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/119223

Looking for TCI AMERICAS Trimethyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin, 1g (19XC33)? Graingers got your back. Price:$159.65. Easy ordering & ...

https://www.grainger.com/product/TCI-AMERICAS-Trimethyl-Beta-Cyclodextrin-19XC33

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of inclusion complexation technique employing β-cyclodextrin in improving the ... Development of Orodispersible Tablets of Candesartan Cilexetil-β-cyclodextrin Complex. Maddukuri Sravya,1 Rajamanickam ... This work proved β-cyclodextrins to be effective solubilizing agent in improving the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. ... Inclusion complexes prepared using kneading, and lyophilisation techniques in the molar ratio 1 : 5 with β-cyclodextrin were ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jphar/2013/583536/abs/

A wide variety of beta-cyclodextrin options are available to you, such as food grade, cosmetic grade, and tech grade. ... Alibaba.com offers 5,826 beta-cyclodextrin products. About 48% of these are auxiliaries and other medicinal chemicals, 26% are ... sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin sulfobutylether beta-cyclodextrin gmp beta-cyclodextrin glucose beta-cyclodextrin beta- ... beta-cyclodextrin top purity beta-cyclodextrin high purity beta-cyclodextrin top quality beta-cyclodextrin beta-cyclodextrin ...

http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/beta--cyclodextrin.html

The NOEL in this study was 1.25% -cyclodextrin in the diet, equal to a mean achieved -cyclodextrin intake which ranged from 560 ... See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations Beta-Cyclodextrin (WHO Food Additives Series 32) beta-CYCLODEXTRIN (JECFA Evaluation) ... cyclodextrin complex, showing that vitamin A does not interact with -cyclodextrin in the presence of these bile acids. Similar ... cyclodextrin, the affinity of sodium cholate and sodium taurocholate for -cyclodextrin being weaker than that of sodium ...

http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v35je12.htm

See Also: Toxicological Abbreviations beta-Cyclodextrin (WHO Food Additives Series 35) beta-CYCLODEXTRIN (JECFA Evaluation) ... cyclodextrin at dietary levels of 1.25, 2.5, 5 or 10%, equal to mean daily doses of 570, 1 234, 2 479 or 4 598 mg -cyclodextrin ... cyclodextrin increased in a dose-dependent manner and with time after dosing up to 6 hours. No -cyclodextrin was detected in ... cyclodextrin and starch (Andersen et al. 1963). -Cyclodextrin, purity >77%, and glucose, uniformly labelled with 14C, were ...

http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v32je13.htm

In our current work, an azobenzene-modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative that can form a self-inclusion complex in aqueous ... Keywords: azobenzene; complexation; cyclodextrin; gold nanoparticle; [1]rotaxane azobenzene; complexation; cyclodextrin; gold ... Zhu, L.; Yan, H.; Zhao, Y. Cyclodextrin-Based [1]Rotaxanes on Gold Nanoparticles. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 10132-10142. ... In our current work, an azobenzene-modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative that can form a self-inclusion complex in aqueous ...

http://mdpi.com/1422-0067/13/8/10132

Sigma's product line of water-soluble complexes includes cyclodextrins and soluble cyclodextrin-complexes of biochemicals commonly used in tissue and cell culture applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
With a hydrophobic interior and hydrophilic exterior, cyclodextrins form complexes with hydrophobic compounds. (wikipedia.org)
In contrast, the exterior is sufficiently hydrophilic to impart cyclodextrins (or their complexes) water solubility. (wikipedia.org)
The preferred perfume/cyclodextrin complexes, either alone or admixed with solvent (e.g., water), are preferably suspended in the carrier and then incorporated into solid, dryer-activated, fabric treatment (conditioning) compositions, preferably containing fabric softeners, more preferably cationic and/or nonionic fabric softeners. (google.ca)
and mixtures thereof, and wherein said cyclodextrin is capable of forming inclusion complexes with said active. (google.ca)
Because these included water molecules are easily displaced by hydrophobic species that will fit into the CD interior, cyclodextrins have a unique ability to form stable inclusion complexes with a variety of molecules. (bio-medicine.org)
Inclusion complexes prepared using kneading, and lyophilisation techniques in the molar ratio 1 : 5 with β -cyclodextrin were used for formulating orodispersible tablets by direct compression with different superdisintegrants like croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, and low substituted hydroxypropyl cellulose in varying concentrations. (hindawi.com)
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are capable of interacting with a large variety of guest molecules to form inclusion complexes. (novapublishers.com)
Cyclodextrin complexes: Perspective from drug delivery and formulation. (bioportfolio.com)
For 25 years, between 1911 and 1935 , Pringsheim in Germany was the leading researcher in this area, demonstrating that cyclodextrins formed stable aqueous complexes with many other chemicals. (wikidoc.org)
By the mid 1970's, each of the natural cyclodextrins had been structurally and chemically characterized and many more complexes had been studied. (wikidoc.org)
Beta-cyclodextrins (b-CDs) are small cyclic oligosaccharides that can form inclusion complexes with cholesterol, and are commonly used to manipulate cholesterol levels of biomembranes. (rug.nl)
We have 4 series (Medical Cyclodextrins, Cyclodextrin Reagents, Cyclodextrin Complexes, Cyclodextrin Polymers ) of more than 40 kinds of cyclodextrins now. (opencroquet.org)
Inclusions of lidocaine hydrochloride in cyclodextrins were prepared to obtain stable complexes compatible for association with chlorhexidine in a new gel formulation for use in urogenital applications. (dovepress.com)
The lidocaine-cyclodextrin complexes were characterized by ultraviolet spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction. (dovepress.com)
Molecular inclusion complexes using cyclodextrins have become a standard formulation strategy to mainly improve the solubility or stability of active ingredients. (roquette.com)
Another way to develop NSAIDs with better GI tolerability is to complex these molecules with cyclodextrins (CDs), giving rise to so-called "inclusion complexes" that can have physical, chemical and biological properties very different from either those of the drug or the cyclodextrin. (eurekaselect.com)
Carvalho LB, Pinto LMA (2012) Formation of inclusion complexes and controlled release of atrazine using free or silica-anchored β-cyclodextrin. (springer.com)
Among many characterization methods that are applicable in both solution and solid state, thermal techniques were widely used for analysis and stability evaluation of cyclodextrin complexes. (springer.com)
We review the use of thermal methods for the analysis of cyclodextrin complexes and non-complexed cyclodextrins. (springer.com)
Cyclodextrin complexes are classified according to the types of biological activity of the guest compound, e.g. drugs, odorants, essential oils and vegetable extracts, antioxidants, fatty acids, oils and fatty acid based derivatives, and other organic, organometallic and inorganic compounds. (springer.com)
The formation of cyclodextrin inclusion complexes is evidenced by disappearance of the thermal characteristics of the guest compound after nanoencapsulation. (springer.com)
Abarca RL, Rodríguez FJ, Guarda A, Galotto MJ, Bruna JE (2016) Characterization of beta-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes containing an essential oil component. (springer.com)
Badr-Eldin SM, Elkheshen SA, Ghorab MM (2008) Inclusion complexes of tadalafil with natural and chemically modified β-cyclodextrins. (springer.com)
This work aimed to develop ODTs of poorly soluble drugs by combining cyclodextrins that form inclusion complexes to improve wetting and release properties, and directly compressible co-processed excipients able to promote rapid disintegration and solve the poor flowability typical of inclusion complexes. (unboundmedicine.com)
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are capable of forming inclusion complexes with many drugs. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Techno-economic analyses of specific alpha cyclodextrin production processes, presenting capital investment breakdown, raw materials consumed and operating costs. (slideshare.net)
1. Know the capital investment required Examine the operating costs & raw materials consumption Alpha-Cyclodextrin is a polysaccharide and a multifunctional, soluble dietary fiber marketed for use as a fiber ingredient, an odor or flavor masking agent, and for emulsification applications. (slideshare.net)
The Intratec portfolio (www.intratec.us/our-portfolio) includes reports examining specific Alpha- Cyclodextrin production processes. (slideshare.net)
For a 10-page description of our methodology, visit www.intratec.us/reports/industrial-processes-economics Reports Focused on Alpha-Cyclodextrin Production Economics ECONOMICS OF ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN PRODUCTION FROM CORN (ALPHA-CYCLODEXTRIN E11A) This report presents the economics of alpha-Cyclodextrin production from corn in the USA, using a solvent process. (slideshare.net)
Different from the report 'Alpha-Cyclodextrin E11A', the process examined in this report is a non-solvent process. (slideshare.net)
Typical cyclodextrins contain a number of glucose monomers ranging from six to eight units in a ring, creating a cone shape: α (alpha)-cyclodextrin: 6 glucose subunits β (beta)-cyclodextrin: 7 glucose subunits γ (gamma)-cyclodextrin: 8 glucose subunits Cyclodextrins are ingredients in more than 30 different approved medicines. (wikipedia.org)
5. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said composition further comprises non-derivatized cyclodextrin selected from the group consisting of alpha-cyclodextrin, beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof. (google.com.au)
1984). In a preliminary comparative metabolism study in rats, groups each of 2 animals were given 14 C-labelled alpha-cyclodextrin, -cyclodextrin or gelatinised potato starch by gavage as approximately 2.5 ml of a 2.5% aqueous solution. (inchem.org)
Supramolecular polymers with monomers bound together by secondary interactions, such as polyrotaxanes (PRXs), consisting of alpha cyclodextrin (αCD) threaded onto poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), have attracted interest as a result of their ability to overcome physical limitations present in conventional, covalently structured polymers. (rsc.org)

Cavity size is the major determinant as to which cyclodextrin is used in complexation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
γ-Cyclodextrins have much larger cavities than many molecules to be incorporated, and cyclodextrin hydrophobic charges cannot effectively interact to facilitate complexation. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Molecular containers of the cyclodextrin type sequester their targets by complexation. (bionity.com)
This host-guest complexation is the mechanism by which cyclodextrins, which are large, ring-shaped sugar molecules, eliminate unpleasant odors. (bionity.com)
"The results indicate that the oral absorption and bioavailability of CoQ10 could be significantly enhanced by the complexation with gamma-cyclodextrin, suggesting the potential use of gamma-cyclodextrin for an oral capsule formulation containing CoQ10 powder," wrote lead author Keiji Terao in the journal Nutrition Research (Vol. 26, pp. 503-508). (nutraingredients-usa.com)
The complexation of Q10 with cyclodextrins was reportedly first studied in mid-nineties, and previously, researchers from Wacker-Chemie reported improved bioavailability for CoQ10 when complexed with gamma-cylcodextrin. (nutraingredients.com)
The aim of this study was to investigate the use of inclusion complexation technique employing β -cyclodextrin in improving the dissolution profile of candesartan cilexetil, a BCS class-II drug, and to formulate the inclusion complex into orodispersible tablets. (hindawi.com)
Complexation of NSAIDs with β-cyclodextrin potentially leads to a more rapid onset of action after oral administration and improved GI tolerability because of minimization of the drug gastric effects. (eurekaselect.com)
Alvarez-Parrilla E, de la Rosa LA, Torres-Rivas F, Rodrigo-Garcia J, González-Aguilar GA (2005) Complexation of apple antioxidants: chlorogenic acid, quercetin and rutin by β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). (springer.com)

A stable composition for removing unwanted molecules from a surface comprises low-degree of substitution cyclodextrin derivatives. (google.com.au)
Since the 1970s, extensive work has been conducted by Szejtli and others exploring encapsulation by cyclodextrins and their derivatives for industrial and pharmacologic applications. (wikidoc.org)
We expect our research in this area will contribute to the design of more effective cyclodextrin derivatives for medical treatment of lipid metabolism pathologies, like for example in the treatment of Niemann-Pick type C disease. (rug.nl)
It is a leading manufacturer and supplier of cyclodextrin derivatives in China. (opencroquet.org)
As the base of research, development, production and sales for Cyclodextrin Derivatives, our R&D team that are formed by domestic and overseas experts in the field of cyclodextrin. (opencroquet.org)
However, confusion is currently made in the literature between the different methylated cyclodextrin derivatives. (nih.gov)
We studied the influence of natural cyclodextrins (betaCD and gammaCD), methylated derivatives (2,6-dimethyl-betaCD (Dimeb), 2,3,6-trimethyl-betaCD (Trimeb) and randomly methylated-betaCD (Rameb), as well as the new derivative Crysmeb), hydroxypropylated derivatives (HPbetaCD of different substitution degrees and HPgammaCD) and the sulfobutylated derivative (SBEbetaCD) on the release of a fluorescent marker encapsulated in the inner cavity of liposomes. (nih.gov)
We report the effect of native cyclodextrins (alpha, beta, and gamma) and selected derivatives in modulating the self-assembly of the nonionic surfactant polyoxyethylene cholesteryl ether (ChEO(10)) and its mixtures with triethylene glycol monododecyl ether (C12EO3), which form wormlike micelles. (diva-portal.org)
Bettinetti GP, Sorrenti M, Rossi S, Ferrari F, Mura P, Faucci MT (2002) Assessment of solid-state interactions of naproxen with amorphous cyclodextrin derivatives by DSC. (springer.com)
Among the chitosan derivatives, cyclodextrin-grafted chitosan and poly(ethylene glycol)-grafted chitosan are excellent candidates for a range of biomedical, environmental decontamination, and industrial purposes. (frontiersin.org)
This work discusses modifications including chitosan with attached cyclodextrin and poly(ethylene glycol), and the main applications of these chitosan derivatives in the biomedical field. (frontiersin.org)
The objective was to evaluate the effect of two ßcyclodextrins derivatives: (KLEPTOSE® HPB hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, with MS=0.65) and (KLEPTOSE® HP hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin, with MS=0.9) on two biologic drugs (Infliximab and Etanercept) aggregation using high-throughput formulation screening (iFormulate™) and nanoDSF (Differential Scanning Fluorimetry) (3,4). (bioprocessintl.com)

Abstract Cyclodextrin-enhanced roo. (bio-medicine.org)
Abstract - The inclusion interaction of ibuprofen with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD), hydroxyethyl-β-cyclodextrin (HE-β-CD) and methyl-β-cyclodextrin (Me-β-CD) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy. (scielo.org.ar)

Commonly cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is employed along with α-amylase. (wikipedia.org)
CGTases produce mixtures of cyclodextrins, thus the product of the conversion results in a mixture of the three main types of cyclic molecules, in ratios that are strictly dependent on the enzyme used: each CGTase has its own characteristic α:β:γ synthesis ratio. (wikipedia.org)
Then cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is added for enzymatic conversion. (wikipedia.org)
Conventionally, cyclodextrins are formed by the action of an enzyme, cyclodextrin-glycosyl-transferase (CGTase), on a starch substrate, starch, or a starch hydrolysate having a dextrose equivalent (DE) less than 10. (google.com)
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is one of the most important groups of microbial amylolytic enzymes that have been used for degradation of starch to yield cyclodextrin (CD) via cyclization reaction. (academicjournals.org)
Cyclodextrin glycosyl tranferase or Cyclodextrin glucosyltransferas or Cyclodextrin glucanotransferase or CGTase is a bacterial enzyme belonging to the same family. (omicsonline.org)
Cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase) is an enzyme that produces cyclodextrins (CDs) from starch and related carbohydrates, producing a mixture of α-, β-, and γ-CDs in different amounts. (frontiersin.org)
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are synthesized from starch and related carbohydrates such as amylose, amylopectin and maltooligosaccharide by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (CGTase, E.C.2.4.1.19) which is a bacterial extracellular enzyme ( Ahmed and El-Refai, 2010 ). (frontiersin.org)

The cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of 7, 6, or 8 (respectively) glucopyranose units. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides, consisting of a macrocyclic ring of glucose subunits joined by α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. (wikipedia.org)
The largest cyclodextrin contains 32 1,4-anhydroglucopyranoside units, while as a poorly characterized mixture, at least 150-membered cyclic oligosaccharides are also known. (wikipedia.org)
The Micro-Active CoQ10 ingredient, manufactured by BioActives and distributed by Maypro, is composed of CoQ10 complexed with cyclodextrin and oligosaccharides. (nutraingredients.com)
Cyclodextrins are naturally occurring oligosaccharides. (wacker.com)
Alpha-cyclodextrins are ring-shaped oligosaccharides that have a hydrophilic exterior and a lipophilic cavity. (foodbusinessnews.net)
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides comprising of six to eight α-(1→4)-linked d -glucopyranose units corresponding to the natural α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrin, respectively. (springer.com)
Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligosaccharides composed of six to eight units of glucopyranosyl connected by α-(1→4) linkages ( Davis and Brewster, 2004 ). (frontiersin.org)
Cyclodextrins (CyDs) are cyclic oligosaccharides consisting of six to eight glucose residues. (go.jp)

The degree of chemical substitution and the nature of the groups used for substitution determine the final maximum concentration of cyclodextrin in an aqueous medium. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The first section describes physico-chemical aspects of aqueous cyclodextrin solutions relative to mechanistic studies. (novapublishers.com)
For drug delivery, this cyclodextrin confers aqueous solubility to hydrophobic drugs and stability to labile drugs. (wikipedia.org)
1963). -Cyclodextrin, purity >77%, and glucose, uniformly labelled with 14 C, were administered to rats by gavage as solutions in 20% aqueous dextran at dose levels of 13 mg/kg bw for glucose and 36 and 313 mg/kg bw for -cyclodextrin. (inchem.org)
In our current work, an azobenzene-modified β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) derivative that can form a self-inclusion complex in aqueous solution was prepared. (mdpi.com)
The effect of cyclodextrins (α-CD, β-CD and γ-CD) on the thermosensitivity and fluorescence of the copolymers in aqueous solutions were investigated. (mdpi.com)
The precipitated cyclodextrin is then collected and an aqueous solution of complexant and cyclodextrin is heated to disrupt the complex and drive off the complexant, leaving the cyclodextrin in solution. (google.com)
Carvalho LB, Carvalho TG, Magriotis ZM, Ramalho TC, Pinto LMA (2014) Cyclodextrin/silica hybrid adsorbent for removal of methylene blue in aqueous media. (springer.com)
During the past fifteen years, the use of chemically modified cyclodextrins (CDs) in aqueous organometallic catalysis has significantly contributed to enlarge the application field of biphasic processes in chemistry. (eurekaselect.com)
H. Bricout, F. Hapiot, A. Ponchel, S. Tilloy and E. Monflier, " Cyclodextrins as Mass Transfer Additives in Aqueous Organometallic Catalysis", Current Organic Chemistry (2010) 14: 1296. (eurekaselect.com)

The complex formation drives the conversion of starch towards the synthesis of the precipitated cyclodextrin, thus enriching its content in the final mixture of products. (wikipedia.org)
Furuike, T., Aiba, S. and Nishimura, S.-I. (2000) A Highly Practical Synthesis of Cyclodextrin-Based Glycoclusters Having Enhanced Affinity with Lectins. (scirp.org)
The invention describes a process for the synthesis of cyclodextrins in gram quantities composed of 9 and more glucose units while previously the preparation of large-ring cyclodextrins has been limited to a few mg. (innovations-report.com)
Y. Gao, Y. Cao, G. Song, Y. Tang and H. Li, " β -cyclodextrin Covalently Functionalized Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Characterization and a Sensitive Biosensor Platform," Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology , Vol. 2 No. 4, 2011, pp. 454-460. (scirp.org)
This was achieved through a six-step synthesis resulting in a lanthanide-salen-cyclodextrin complex. (diva-portal.org)

A frequently used approach is to use cyclodextrin as a "carrier" molecule to facilitate the dissolution of these compounds. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The cavity diameter of β-cyclodextrins has been found to be the most appropriate size for hormones, vitamins, and other compounds frequently used in tissue and cell culture applications. (sigmaaldrich.com)
The inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic molecules are able to penetrate body tissues, these can be used to release biologically active compounds under specific conditions. (wikipedia.org)
They are the main ingredient in Febreze which claims that the β-cyclodextrins "trap" odor causing compounds, thereby reducing the odor. (wikipedia.org)
The last section focuses on the effect of cyclodextrins on reactions undergone by some nitroso compounds and on some nitrosation reactions that produce nitroso compounds. (novapublishers.com)
β -Cyclodextrin is one of supramolecular compounds and has many particular properties such as emulsion, moisturizing, and inclusion. (hindawi.com)
As a result of its cyclic structure, -cyclodextrin has the ability to form inclusion compounds with a range of molecules, generally of molecular mass of less than 250. (inchem.org)
This is the reason why cyclodextrins have attracted much interest in many fields, especially pharmaceutical applications: because inclusion compounds of cyclodextrins with hydrophobic molecules are able to penetrate body tissues, these can be used to release biologically active compounds under specific conditions. (wikidoc.org)
The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of inclusion compounds of piroxicam with β-cyclodextrin. (freepatentsonline.com)
1. A process for the preparation of piroxicam:β-cyclodextrin inclusion compounds, comprising the following steps: a) dissolving piroxicam and β-cyclodextrin in the presence of ammonium hydroxide in a suitable tank containing water at a temperature of at least 60° C. (freepatentsonline.com)
Because of their ringed structure, cyclodextrins are most noted for their ability to act as a host compound for other molecules (guest compounds). (google.com)
Cyclodextrins (CD) are cyclic oligosaccharide compounds widely used to bind cholesterol. (rupress.org)
Cyclodextrins can protect these compounds against light and oxidative degradation by molecular encapsulation. (springer.com)
Moreover, cyclodextrins can also enhance properties of biologically active compounds such as better water solubility and bioavailability, and controlled release. (springer.com)
Cyclodextrins(CDs) are macrocyclic compounds with several D-glucopyranoses residues linked by α-1,4-glycosidic bonds. (scielo.org.ar)

α-Cyclodextrins have small cavities that are not capable of accepting many molecules. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Hydrophobic molecules are incorporated into the cavity of cyclodextrins by displacing water. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Purification of the three types of cyclodextrins takes advantage of the different water solubility of the molecules: β-CD which is poorly water-soluble (18.5 g/l or 16.3mM) (at 25C) can be easily retrieved through crystallization while the more soluble α- and γ-CDs (145 and 232 g/l respectively) are usually purified by means of expensive and time consuming chromatography techniques. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclodextrins tend to bind other molecules in their quasi-cylindrical interiors. (wikipedia.org)
1. A composition for capturing unwanted molecules, said composition comprising low degree of substitution cyclodextrin derivative and a perfume material wherein said low-degree of substitution cyclodextrin derivative is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrin having an average degree of substitution of less than about 4.5, alkylated cyclodextrin having an average degree of substitution of less than about 6.0, and mixtures thereof. (google.com.au)
When polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are included in cyclodextrin molecules in the presence of a heavy-atom moiety such as 1,2-dibromoethane, they exhibit intense, well-defined phosphorescence emissions, often with distinct vibrational structure. (bio-medicine.org)
Cyclodextrins have been found to enhance fluorescent and phosphorescent emissions from molecules present in the CD cavity. (bio-medicine.org)
The isolated enzyme helps to convert starch into cyclodextrins, ring-shaped glucose molecules. (wacker.com)
Purification of the three types of cyclodextrins takes advantage of the different water solubility of the molecules: β-CD which is very poorly water soluble (18.5 g/l or 16.3mM) (at 25C? (wikidoc.org)
Modification of the carbohydrate cyclodextrin increases the ability to encapsulate hydrophobic pharmaceutical molecules by forming a carrier with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic exterior. (calpoly.edu)
Vesicles are formed by hydrating a thin film of amphiphilic cyclodextrin and guest molecules in buffer solution that mimics physiological conditions. (calpoly.edu)

The solubility of natural cyclodextrins is very poor and initially this prevented cyclodextrins from becoming effective complexing agents. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Cyclodextrins are popular drug solubilizers, but the use of the natural cyclodextrins is hampered by their tendency to co-precipitate with the drug. (bioportfolio.com)

Cyclodextrins are produced from starch by enzymatic conversion. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclodextrins are composed of 5 or more α-D-glucopyranoside units linked 1->4, as in amylose (a fragment of starch). (wikipedia.org)
Cyclodextrins are prepared by enzymatic treatment of starch. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclodextrins are natural starch-conversion products. (wikipedia.org)
It is intended to be used in starch processing for the production of γ‐cyclodextrin. (europa.eu)
The cyclodextrin used in the Micro-Active CoQ10 ingredient is derived from potato starch and is non-GMO, added Maypro. (nutraingredients.com)
It is produced by the action of the enzyme, cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase (CGT), on hydrolyzed starch syrups. (inchem.org)
A homologous group of cyclic GLUCANS consisting of alpha-1,4 bound glucose units obtained by the action of cyclodextrin glucanotransferase on starch or similar substrates. (bioportfolio.com)
The production of cyclodextrins is relatively simple and involves treatment of ordinary starch with a set of easily available enzymes. (wikidoc.org)
Cyclodextrin, cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, starch. (academicjournals.org)

This work describes the preparation, characterization and evaluation of the nanoparticles formed by the copolymer of methyl vinyl ether and maleic anhydride (Gantrez) AN) and cyclodextrins, including beta-cyclodextrin (CD) hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) and 6-monodeoxy-6-monoamino-beta-cyclodextrin (NHCD). (cun.es)
The interaction of 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and a poorly water-soluble flavonoid, baicalein (Ba), chemically 5,6,7-trihydroxy flavone in solution and solid-state was studied. (unboundmedicine.com)

The previously reported structural model of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.19) from Bacillus circulans has been improved. (rcsb.org)

2. A composition according to claim 1 wherein said low-degree of substitution cyclodextrin derivative is selected from the group consisting of hydroxyalkyl cyclodextrin having an average degree of substitution of less than about 4.5, alkylated cyclodextrin having an average degree of substitution of less than about 5.5, and mixtures thereof. (google.com.au)
Moreover, a new methylated cyclodextrin derivative recently occurred in the market, the Crysmeb. (nih.gov)

The aim of this chapter is to describe the practical aspects, and current and potential applications of cyclodextrins in mechanistic studies that involve nitrosation reactions particularly. (novapublishers.com)
Loftsson, T. and Brewster, M.E. (2011) Pharmaceutical Applications of Cyclodextrins: Effects on Drug Permeation through Biological Membranes. (scirp.org)

Three-armed star polymers with a cyclodextrin core and polyacrylamide arms were prepared via inclusion complex formation. (rsc.org)

and mixtures thereof, the weight ratio of said active/cyclodextrin inclusion complex to said solid polyalkylene glycol carrier material being from about 1:1 to about 1:5. (google.ca)
Drug Solubilization by Mixtures of Cyclodextrins: Additive and Synergistic Effects. (bioportfolio.com)

Complexing co-enzyme Q10 (CoQ10) with gamma-cyclodextrin boosted bioavailability of CoQ10 by about 35 per cent compared to a microcrystalline cellulose-CoQ10 complex, say researchers from CycloChem, Wacker-Chemie, and Kumamoto University in Japan. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Delivering co-enzyme Q10 complexed with beta-cyclodextrin may increase the bioavailability of the nutrient, with the benefits experienced by all, according to a new study. (nutraingredients.com)
At the end of the study, Madhavi and Kagan report a 3.7-fold increase in the bioavailability, and a minimum of doubling in the plasma co-Q10 levels in all people in the CoQ10 cyclodextrin group, compared to in only 44 per cent of the people in the soft gel group. (nutraingredients.com)
For example, cyclodextrins can be used for stabilizing sensitive substances, for controlled release of bioactives, masking unwanted aromas, rheology control or for improving solubility and bioavailability. (wacker.com)
The results of an ongoing 1-year oral toxicity study in dogs and information on the effects of -cyclodextrin on the bioavailability of lipophilic nutrients were required by 1995. (inchem.org)

In the absence of information about the sequence homology of this β‐cyclodextrin glucanotransferase with known allergens, the Panel could not complete the assessment on the allergenicity of the food enzyme. (europa.eu)
The Panel concludes that the food enzyme β‐cyclodextrin glucanotransferase produced with the genetically modified E. coli strain WCM105xpCM6420 cannot be considered safe. (europa.eu)

Here we report a supramolecular route to a class of organic nanotubes derived from self-assembly of dendrons and cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complex so that the outer and inner surface of the nanotube is covered with CD. (pnas.org)
Preclinical and clinical pharmacology of PBC do show that the β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex of piroxicam is better tolerated from the upper GI tract than free piroxicam, while retaining all the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the parent compound. (eurekaselect.com)
NMR chemical shift changes of the cyclomaltoheptaose (β-cyclodextrin, β-CD) cavity protons as well as roxatidine acetate hydrochloride aromatic ring protons revealed the formation of a RAH-β-CD inclusion complex. (biomedsearch.com)

The exterior surface of cyclodextrins is somewhat hydrophilic whereas the interior core is hydrophobic. (wikipedia.org)
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are made up of glucose monomers coupled to form a rigid, conical structure with an interior hydrophobic cavity. (bio-medicine.org)
Cyclodextrins are characterized by their cyclic three-dimensional structure with a hydrophobic cavity. (wacker.com)
Beta-cyclodextrins ( β -cds) are particularly efficient sterol acceptors, apparently because the size of their inner hydrophobic cavity matches the size of the sterol molecule (18, 28, 30, 34). (scielo.br)
Cyclodextrins have a truncated cone-like structure, with a hydrophobic inner cavity and highly hydrophilic exterior. (springer.com)

Scypinski and Cline Love report, however, that intense room-temperature phosphorescence occurs when these well-known carcinogens are present, with an external heavy atom, in the cavity of cyclodextrin. (bio-medicine.org)
The in situ inclusion of the focal pyrene units into the cavity of β- or γ-cyclodextrin (CD) induces self-assembled organic nanotubes with an average outer diameter of ≈45 nm and inner diameter of 22 nm. (pnas.org)
2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBC) is a widely used modified cyclodextrin, the lipophilic cavity formed by 7 glucose units. (lookchem.com)

Cyclodextrins are cyclic oligomers of glucose. (acs.org)
S-protected thiolated cyclodextrins as mucoadhesive oligomers for drug delivery. (bioportfolio.com)
Cyclodextrins are oligomers of anhydroglucose which are in a ringed structure and are named according to the number of anhydroglucose units in the ring. (google.com)

Cyclodextrins (CDs) are considered as probably the smallest polymeric backbone for thiomers representing some of the most broadly considered mucoadhesive excipients. (dovepress.com)
Geidobler, Raimund (2014): Cyclodextrins as excipients in drying of proteins and controlled ice nucleation in freeze-drying. (uni-muenchen.de)
In conclusion, the combination of five-in-one co-processed excipients and hydrophilic cyclodextrins may help addressing the ODT formulation of poorly soluble drugs with poor flowability, by direct compression and with desired release properties. (unboundmedicine.com)

This effectively encapsulates the molecule of interest within the cyclodextrin, rendering the molecule water-soluble. (sigmaaldrich.com)
All cyclodextrins are white, water-soluble solids with minimal toxicity. (wikipedia.org)
This work proved β -cyclodextrins to be effective solubilizing agent in improving the solubility of poorly water soluble drugs. (hindawi.com)

Most chemically modified cyclodextrins are able to achieve a 50% (w/v) concentration in water. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The raw digest contains not only cyclodextrins but also linear saccharides as well as the enzyme and other components. (google.com)

In combination with a three-pronged β-cyclodextrin core, supramolecular self-assembly was exploited for the formation of star-shaped architectures. (rsc.org)
Dual pH-sensitive supramolecular micelles from star-shaped PDMAEMA based on β-cyclodextrin for drug release. (nih.gov)

Bai L, Wyrwalski F, Lamonier J-F, Khodakov AY, Monflier E, Ponchel A (2013) Effects of β-cyclodextrin introduction to zirconia supported-cobalt oxide catalysts: from molecule-ion associations to complete oxidation of formaldehyde. (springer.com)
The mouth of the torus-shaped cyclodextrin molecule has a larger circumference than at the base and is linked to secondary hydroxyl groups of the C 2 and C 3 atoms of each glucose unit (see figure 55). (chromatography-online.org)
The secondary hydroxyl groups can be reacted with appropriate reagents to introduce further interactive character to the cyclodextrin molecule. (chromatography-online.org)

Carbamazepine (CBZ) and hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) were used, respectively, as a model of a poorly soluble drug with poor flowability and as a solubilizing agent. (unboundmedicine.com)
A β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) polymer obtained by crosslinking β-CD with citric acid in its water-insoluble (PCD-I) and soluble (PCD-S) forms was used as a multifunctional direct compression excipient for tablet designing. (ovid.com)

CYCLODEXTRIN First draft prepared by Ms F D Pollitt Health Aspects of the Environment and Food (Medical) Division Department of Health London, England Explanation Biological data Toxicological studies Short-term toxicity studies Long-term toxicity/carcinogenicity studies Reproductive toxicity studies Special studies on interactions with bile acids and lipophilic nutrients Comments Evaluation References 1. (inchem.org)
Beta-cyclodextrin as a new medicine anxiliary materical, is mainly used to strengthen the stability of the medicine, prevent it from oxidation and decomposition, also it can increase the solubility of the medicine, reduce the toxicity of it and cover up the odor and smell from it. (fuzing.com)
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are molecular carriers that can be employed to reduce the toxicity of ATZ. (springer.com)

4. The branched cyclodextrin of claim 1 wherein the cyclodextrin is washed prior to step (a) to remove substantially all non-carbohydrate material from the cyclodextrin. (google.com)
12. The branched cyclodextrin of claim 11 wherein the cyclodextrin is beta cyclodextrin. (google.com)

We are engaged in offering excellent quality Sodium Sulfobutyl Ether Beta Cyclodextrin SBECD 128410-00-0 to our valuable clients. (opencroquet.org)

In α-cyclodextrin, the six glucose subunits are linked end to end via α-1, 4 linkages. (wikipedia.org)

Enantiomeric separation ability on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was compared between native and acetylated β-cyclodextrin stationary phases. (go.jp)

Horikoshi, K. and Nakamura, N. in Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Cyclodextrins (Szejtli, J.,ed. (springer.com)
Szejtli, J. (1998) Introduction and General Overview of Cyclodextrin Chemistry. (scirp.org)

WACKER is the only company in the world to produce all three naturally occurring cyclodextrins, marketing them under the trade names CAVAMAX ® W6 (α-cyclodextrin), W7 (β-cyclodextrin) and W8 (γ-cyclodextrin). (wacker.com)
Soon after, F. Schardinger identified the three naturally occurring cyclodextrins -α, -β, and -γ. (wikidoc.org)

Crini, G. (2015) A History of Cyclodextrins. (scirp.org)
Crini G (2014) Review: a history of cyclodextrins. (springer.com)

The cyclodextrin confers solubility and stability to these drugs. (wikipedia.org)

Thanks to the special properties of cyclodextrins, they enable a variety of applications. (wacker.com)
Study of the relationship between lipid binding properties of cyclodextrins and their effect on the integrity of liposomes. (nih.gov)

The original idea for the test of cyclodextrin came from Chris Hempel, an American mother whose twin daughters are affected by a rare illness called Niemann-Pick Type C disease, in which cholesterol accumulates in the body. (science20.com)

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel mucoadhesive thiolated and S-protected gamma cyclodextrin (γ-CD) with an intact ring backbone to assure a prolonged residence time at specific target sites. (bioportfolio.com)
The current study was aimed at developing a novel mucoadhesive thiolated cyclodextrin (CD) without ionizable groups and an intact ring backbone for drug delivery. (dovepress.com)

Zhao, Y. Cyclodextrin-Based [1]Rotaxanes on Gold Nanoparticles. (mdpi.com)
Zhu L, Yan H, Zhao Y. Cyclodextrin-Based [1]Rotaxanes on Gold Nanoparticles. (mdpi.com)
The cyclodextrin-poly(anhydride) nanoparticles were prepared by a solvent displacement method and characterized by measuring the size, zeta potential, morphology and composition. (cun.es)
Nanoparticles displayed a size of about 150nm and a cyclodextrin content which was found optimal under the following experimental conditions: cyclodextrin/poly(anhydride) ratio of 0.25 by weight, 30min of incubation time between the cyclodextrin and the polymer. (cun.es)
Overall, cyclodextrin-poly(anhydride) nanoparticles displayed homogeneous bioadhesive interactions within the gut. (cun.es)

It is related to the β- (beta) and γ- (gamma) cyclodextrins, which contain seven and eight glucose units, respectively. (wikipedia.org)
Depending on the size of the ring, a distinction is made between α-cyclodextrin with six, β-cyclodextrin with seven and γ-cyclodextrin with eight glucose units. (wacker.com)

In this study, we report that beta cyclodextrins, cyclic sugars composed of seven glucose units, can bind retinal lipofuscin, prevent its oxidation and remove it from RPE. (pnas.org)
We have used a mouse model with a disrupted npc1 gene to study the effects of the cholesterol-mobilizing compound, 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrins (HPBCD), on the clinical course of this disorder. (nih.gov)
We have identified beta cyclodextrins (β-CDs), cyclic rings formed by 7 glucose residues, as small drugs that bind A2E. (arvojournals.org)

The most common cyclodextrins are alpha, beta and gamma cyclodextrins which have 6, 7 and 8 anhydroglucose units in their ring structure, respectively. (google.com)

Despite its use in commercially available drugs such as intravenous voriconazole, there is little known in the medical literature about the clinical pharmacology of the solubilizing agent, sulfobutylether-beta-cyclodextrin (SBECD). (nih.gov)

Inclusion of a bridging ligand into cyclodextrin (CD), followed by the addition of Tb III leads to a polyrotaxane-type metallosupramolecular polymer (see figure, L=4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid). (wiley.com)

Analyst, 2019, Advance Article DOI: 10.1039/C9AN00722A, PaperYongying Zhou, Jin Zhao, Shenghua Li, Minjie Guo, Zhi Fan A novel electrochemical sensor based on a cyclodextrin-decorated gold nanoparticle -mesoporous carbon hybrid was constructed for the detection ofp-nitrophenol. (medworm.com)

Branching of cyclodextrins with various mono-, di-, and tri-saccharides by Bacillus acidophilus pullulanase. (aau.dk)

The incorporation of carbohydrate functional elements in the architecture of polycationic amphiphilic cyclodextrins (paCDs) provides glycosylated paCDs (pGaCDs) that form transfectious nanocomplexes (glycoCDplexes) with pDNA. (csic.es)

1,2,3,4,5 Of particular interest is the phenomenon of cyclodextrin-enhanced room-temperature phosphorescence (CD-RTP), which suggests a highly-selective analytical technique based on the molecular geometry of the lumiphor. (bio-medicine.org)
Molecular Mechanism of Cyclodextrin Mediated Cholesterol Extraction. (rug.nl)
Does anyone know the molecular weight of Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin used for preparing molar solutions? (biology-online.org)

6. A process as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the β-cyclodextrin to piroxicam molar ratio is comprised between 4:1 and 1:1. (freepatentsonline.com)
8. A 1:2.5 piroxicam:β-cyclodextrin inclusion compound obtained by the process of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the Raman spectrum of FIG. 1. (freepatentsonline.com)
One such drug, piroxicam-β -cyclodextrin (PBC), has been used in Europe for 25 years. (eurekaselect.com)
Influence of processing variables on the solid-state of a model drug, piroxicam in cyclodextrin-based system and its effect on dissolution behavior of the drug was investigated in the present study. (omicsonline.org)
Binary systems containing piroxicam and hydroxypropyl-β -cyclodextrin prepared by various processes, were characterized by FTIR, thermal stability, photo stability and dissolution studies. (omicsonline.org)
Hydroxypropyl-β -cyclodextrin enhanced the solubility of piroxicam and increased dissolution rates from the binary systems. (omicsonline.org)

As an alternative a "complexing agent" can be added during the enzymatic conversion step: such agents (usually organic solvents like toluene, acetone or ethanol) form a complex with the desired cyclodextrin which subsequently precipitates. (wikipedia.org)

Alpha-, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrin are all generally recognized as safe by the U.S. FDA. (wikipedia.org)
Wacker Chemie AG uses dedicated enzymes, that can produce alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrin specifically. (wikipedia.org)
This is very valuable especially for the food industry, as only alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrin can be consumed without a daily intake limit. (wikipedia.org)
CycloChem and Wacker-Chemie are both gamma-cyclodextrin producers, with Wacker claiming to be the world's leading producer of cyclodextrin products, marketed under the Cavamax brand name. (nutraingredients-usa.com)
Lifton told this website that beta-cyclodextrin is allowed in Europe whereas gamma-cyclodextrin is currently forbidden in Europe. (nutraingredients.com)

Cyclodextrins as catalysts for the removal of cholesterol from macrophage foam cells. (jci.org)
thus, cyclodextrin functioned as a cholesterol shuttle, enhancing cholesterol bidirectional flux without changing the equilibrium cholesterol distribution between cells and medium. (jci.org)
The addition of phospholipid vesicles to serum and cyclodextrin shifted the equilibrium distribution to favor the medium, producing rapid and extensive depletion of cell cholesterol mass. (jci.org)
The combination of serum, phospholipid vesicles, and cyclodextrin also stimulated the rapid clearance of both free and esterified cholesterol from mouse peritoneal macrophages loaded with free and esterified cholesterol. (jci.org)
An international team has now found that cyclodextrin dissolves cholesterol crystals and reduces atherosclerotic plaques. (science20.com)
Cyclodextrin works by reprogramming macrophages so that they do not cause such a strong inflammatory response in blood vessels that contain cholesterol crystals. (science20.com)
The cyclodextrin also dissolves cholesterol crystals so that the cholesterol can be excreted from the body in urine. (science20.com)
The study points to cholesterol crystals as a target for treatment of atherosclerosis, meaning that using cyclodextrin to dissolve the crystals could affect how the disease is treated. (science20.com)
Computational microscopy of cyclodextrin mediated cholesterol extraction from lipid model membranes Sci. (rug.nl)
It was shown that the observed effect on calcein release can be directly related to the affinity of cyclodextrins for both lipid components of liposomes, cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine. (nih.gov)

Rat caecal microflora were able to utilize -cyclodextrin under anaerobic conditions in vitro, indicating that the compound may be hydrolyzed to glucose by bacterial enzymes. (inchem.org)
The simultaneous use of co-processing and cyclodextrin technologies rendered ODTs with an in vitro disintegration time in accordance with the European Pharmacopoeia requirement and with a fast and complete drug dissolution. (unboundmedicine.com)

This inclusion capability has led to an important use of cyclodextrins in luminescence spectroscopy. (bio-medicine.org)
The electronic structures of two kinds of cyclodextrin-carbon nanotube (αCD-CNT and γCD-CNT) composite films are investigated by using (angular dependent) photoelectron spectroscopy to gain insight as to why the αCD-CNT and γCD-CNT composite films show different performances in biosensor applications. (osti.gov)
Investigation of the binding of roxatidine acetate hydrochloride with cyclomaltoheptaose (β-cyclodextrin) using IR and NMR spectroscopy. (biomedsearch.com)

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs16

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment7

Phenomena and Processes3

Disciplines and Occupations1

Thermus aquaticus ATCC 33923 amylomaltase gene cloning and expression and enzyme characterization: production of cycloamylose. (1/768)

Opposite behavior of two isozymes when refolding in the presence of non-ionic detergents. (2/768)

Antilithiasic effect of beta-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine. (3/768)

Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin perturbs formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. (4/768)

V-Amylose at atomic resolution: X-ray structure of a cycloamylose with 26 glucose residues (cyclomaltohexaicosaose). (5/768)

Cell cholesterol efflux: integration of old and new observations provides new insights. (6/768)

Cellular cholesterol regulates expression of the macrophage type B scavenger receptor, CD36. (7/768)

Critical role for cholesterol in Lyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI and their association with detergent-resistant membranes. (8/768)

Cyclodextrins

alpha-Cyclodextrins

beta-Cyclodextrins

gamma-Cyclodextrins

Dextrins

Trimeprazine

Rotaxanes

Solubility

Starch

Chemistry, Pharmaceutical

Micromonosporaceae

Sun Protection Factor

Optical Rotation

alpha-Amylases

Myristates

Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase

Drug Stability

Acarbose

Glucosyltransferases

Drug Carriers

Glycoside Hydrolases

Solutions

Drug Compounding

Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions

Calorimetry, Differential Scanning

Spectrometry, Mass, Fast Atom Bombardment

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Bacillus

Patents as Topic

Spectrometry, Gamma

Encyclopedias as Topic

Chemical Industry

Dietary Fiber

Abbreviations as Topic

beta-Amylase

Perfume

Water Softening

Textiles

Confidentiality

Civil Rights

Patient Access to Records

Toxicity Tests

Safety

Garbage

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Thermus aquaticus ATCC 33923 amylomaltase gene cloning and expression and enzyme characterization: production of cycloamylose. (1/768)

Opposite behavior of two isozymes when refolding in the presence of non-ionic detergents. (2/768)

Antilithiasic effect of beta-cyclodextrin in LPN hamster: comparison with cholestyramine. (3/768)

Extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin perturbs formation of clathrin-coated endocytic vesicles. (4/768)

V-Amylose at atomic resolution: X-ray structure of a cycloamylose with 26 glucose residues (cyclomaltohexaicosaose). (5/768)

Cell cholesterol efflux: integration of old and new observations provides new insights. (6/768)

Cellular cholesterol regulates expression of the macrophage type B scavenger receptor, CD36. (7/768)

Critical role for cholesterol in Lyn-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of FcepsilonRI and their association with detergent-resistant membranes. (8/768)

Cyclodextrins | China-Mainland | Sigma-Aldrich

In vitro investigations of α-amylase mediated hydrolysis of cyclodextrins in the presence of ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, or benzo...

Effect of Trimethoprim Inclusion Complexation with Cyclodextrins on its Antimicrobial Activity

Interactions between cyclodextrins and cell-membrane phospholipids<...

Abstract | Effect of processing variables on dissolution and solubility of piroxicam: Hydroxypropyl-? -cyclodextrin inclusion...

Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Production of branched cyclodextrins by reverse reaction of...

Pharmaceutical Compositions Comprising Prasugrel and Cyclodextrin Derivatives and Methods of Making and Using the Same -...

Patent US6878695 - Compositions comprising cyclodextrin derivatives - Google Patents

Light-assisted preparation of a cyclodextrin-based chiral stationary phase and its separation performance in liquid...

The Effect of Cyclodextrins on the Aqueous Solubility of a New Mmp Inhibitor: Phase Solubility, 1 H-Nmr Spectroscopy and...

Cyclodextrin - Wikipedia

Physicochemical study of inclusion of drug molecules in cyclodextrins

Solid inclusion complexes of vanillin with cyclodextrins: their formation, characterization, and high-temperature stability. -...

Thermodynamics of inclusion complex formation of β-cyclodextrin with a variety of surfactants differing in the nature of...

RCSB PDB - 1A47: CGTASE FROM THERMOANAEROBACTERIUM THERMOSULFURIGENES EM1 IN COMPLEX WITH A MALTOHEXAOSE INHIBITOR...

RCSB PDB - 1A47: CGTASE FROM THERMOANAEROBACTERIUM THERMOSULFURIGENES EM1 IN COMPLEX WITH A MALTOHEXAOSE INHIBITOR...

Patches and method for the transdermal delivery of a therapeutically effective amount of iron - Patent application

Remarkable Viscoelasticity in Mixtures of Cyclodextrins and Nonionic Surfactants

Patent US5032182 - Branched cyclodextrins - Google Patents

Study on inclusion interaction of ibuprofen with Β-cyclodextrin derivatives

Novel cyclodextrin-based pH-sensitive supramolecular host-guest assembly for staining acidic cellular organelles - Polymer...