Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases type 5. Medical search

A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily. The three members of this family are referred to as type 1A, type 1B, and type 1C and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition, multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing. Although the type 1 enzymes are classified as 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17), some members of this class have additional specificity for CYCLIC GMP.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells and may play a role in the regulation of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. The enzyme family includes over twenty different variants that occur due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the mRNA of at least four different genes.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme and through phosphorylation by regulatory kinases such as PROTEIN KINASE A and PROTEIN KINASE B. The two members of this family are referred to as type 3A, and type 3B, and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is activated by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme. Multiple enzyme variants of this subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing. The subfamily is expressed in a broad variety of tissues and may play a role in mediating cross-talk between CYCLIC GMP and CYCLIC CMP pathways. Although the type 2 enzymes are classified as 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17), members of this class have additional specificity for CYCLIC GMP.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.

Nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphate nucleotidohydrolase. Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the 2'- or 3'- phosphate bonds of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. Also hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates. Includes EC 3.1.4.16 and EC 3.1.4.37. EC 3.1.4.-.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in vascular tissue and plays an important role in regulating VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC AMP. Several isoforms of the enzyme type exist, each with its own tissue localization. The isoforms are encoded by at least two genes and are a product of multiple alternative splicing of their mRNAs.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with antidepressant properties.

A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in the outer segment PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS of the RETINA. It is comprised of two catalytic subunits, referred to as alpha and beta, that form a dimer. In addition two regulatory subunits, referred to as gamma and delta, modulate the activity and localization of the enzyme.

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 3.

Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4.

Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.

N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.

A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.

A phosphoric diester hydrolase that removes 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated OLIGONUCLEOTIDES. It has low activity towards POLYNUCLEOTIDES and the presence of 3'-phosphate terminus on the substrate may inhibit hydrolysis.

A subgroup of cyclic nucleotide-regulated ION CHANNELS within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. They are expressed in OLFACTORY NERVE cilia and in PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS and some PLANTS.

Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. EC 4.6.

A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone.

A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A group of compounds that are derivatives of oxo-pyrrolidines. A member of this group is 2-oxo pyrrolidine, which is an intermediate in the manufacture of polyvinylpyrrolidone. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.

Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and as an inhibitor of cat heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5.

A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Potency and mechanism of action of E4021, a type 5 phosphodiesterase isozyme-selective inhibitor, on the photoreceptor phosphodiesterase depend on the state of activation of the enzyme. (1/318)

The ability of inhibitors selective for the type 5 phosphodiesterase isozyme (PDE5) to act on the photoreceptor PDE isozyme (PDE6, the central effector enzyme for visual transduction) is poorly understood. Because PDE5 inhibitors are currently used as therapeutic agents, it is important to assess the potency and mechanism of action of this class of PDE inhibitor on PDE6. We show that E4021 (sodium 1-[6-chloro-4-(3, 4-methylenedioxybenzyl)-aminoquinazolin-2-yl]piperidine-4-ca rboxylate sesquihydrate) inhibits activated PDE6 (KI = 1.7 nM) as potently as PDE5. This makes E4021 the most potent inhibitor of PDE6 discovered to date. The effectiveness of E4021 to inhibit nonactivated PDE6 (with bound inhibitory gamma subunits) is reduced 40-fold compared with the activated enzyme. Furthermore, at intermediate E4021 concentrations and high cGMP concentrations, nonactivated PDE undergoes activation of cGMP hydrolysis rather than inhibition. We demonstrate direct competition of E4021 and the gamma subunits for binding to the catalytic site. Measurements of cGMP binding to noncatalytic regulatory sites on the catalytic subunits of PDE6 rule out an allosteric effect of E4021 by direct binding to these noncatalytic sites. We conclude that E4021 is a competitive inhibitor of cGMP hydrolysis and that the gamma subunit also competes with both E4021 and substrate for catalytic site binding. An understanding of the effects of PDE5-targeted drugs on retinal PDE6 requires a knowledge of the complex interactions among substrate, drug, and inhibitory gamma subunit at the catalytic site of both nonactivated and activated forms of PDE6. (+info)

cAMP-dependent induction of PDE5 expression in murine neuroblastoma cell differentiation. (2/318)

The present study demonstrates, in both hybrid NG108-15 and mouse neuroblastoma N18TG2 cells, the presence and regulation of PDE5 mRNA during cell differentiation. PDE5 cDNA probes in Northern blot analysis recognize a approximately 9 kb transcript in bovine lung as well as in mouse neuroblastoma cells. Hybridization on total RNA extracted from dibutyryl-cAMP-treated NG108-15 cells shows a 5-fold increase of PDE5 9 kb mRNA: such an increase is not observed in N18TG2 although we observed a similar increase in the enzymatic activity of both cell lines. Our data demonstrate that PDE5 gene expression can be regulated by cAMP and suggest the existence of a complex regulatory system for PDE5 activity. (+info)

Inhibition of cyclic GMP-binding cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase (Type 5) by sildenafil and related compounds. (3/318)

The cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) degrades cGMP and regulates the intracellular level of cGMP in many tissues, including the smooth muscle of the corpus cavernosum of the penis. Sildenafil (Viagra), a specific PDE5 inhibitor, promotes penile erection by blocking the activity of PDE5, which causes cGMP to accumulate in the corpus cavernosum. In the present study, sildenafil, like other PDE5 inhibitors, stimulates cGMP binding to the allosteric sites of PDE5 by interacting at the catalytic site of this enzyme, but the drug does not compete with cGMP for binding at the allosteric sites. Both sildenafil and zaprinast are competitive inhibitors of PDE5, and double-inhibition analysis shows that these two inhibitors added together interact with the catalytic site of PDE5 in a mutually exclusive manner. After site-directed mutagenesis of each of 23 conserved amino acid residues in the catalytic domain of PDE5, the pattern of changes in the IC50 values for sildenafil or UK-122764 is similar to that found for zaprinast. However, among the three inhibitors, sildenafil exhibits the most similar pattern of changes in the IC50 to that found for the affinity of cGMP, implying similar interactions with the catalytic domain. This may explain in part the stronger inhibitory potency of sildenafil for wild-type PDE5 compared with the other inhibitors [sildenafil (Ki = 1 nM) > UK-122764 (Ki = 5 nM) > zaprinast (Ki = 130 nM)]. The affinity of each of these inhibitors for PDE5 is much higher than that of cGMP itself (Km = 2000 nM). It is concluded that residues such as Tyr602, His607, His643, and Asp754 may form important interactions for sildenafil in PDE5, but because these amino acids are conserved in all mammalian PDEs, the selectivity and potency of sildenafil is likely to be provided by a nonconserved residue or residues in the PDE5 catalytic domain. (+info)

Improvement of mortality by long-term E4010 treatment in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. (4/318)

We investigated the effects of long-term treatment with a selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor E4010, 4-(3-chloro-4methoxybenzyl)amino-1-(4-hydroxypiperidino)-6-phth alazin ecarbonitrile monohydrochloride, on the survival rate of rats with pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline (MCT). After an s.c. injection of 40 mg/kg MCT (day 0), male Wistar rats of 4 weeks of age were divided into four groups. Vehicle-treated rats (control, n = 8) and MCT-treated rats (n = 32) were fed a commercial diet. E4010-treated rats were given a commercial diet containing 0.01% (E4010 0.01%, n = 32) and 0.1% (E4010 0.1%, n = 32) of E4010, respectively. At day 23, all rats in the control group and 28.1% of those in the MCT group (P <.01 versus control) were alive. Although the survival rate of E4010 0.01%-treated rats was not improved (50%) compared with MCT, those at 0.1% showed a significant difference (84. 4%, P <.01 versus MCT). For MCT rats (n = 9), right ventricle weight and the levels of plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cGMP, and cyclic AMP were higher compared with control (n = 8). In E4010 0.1%-treated rats (n = 27), the right ventricular hypertrophy was suppressed, and the increase in plasma cGMP level was amplified compared with MCT without any effects on plasma ANP, BNP, and cyclic AMP levels. Accordingly, we consider that the mechanism of action of E4010 may be related to the decreased pulmonary arterial pressure caused by the augmentation of pulmonary arterial relaxation through an ANP and/or BNP-cGMP system. These results suggest that E4010 will be useful for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension. (+info)

Genomic origin and transcriptional regulation of two variants of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases. (5/318)

We have reported alternative splice variants of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases (PDE5A), i.e. rat PDE5A2, human PDE5A1, canine PDE5A1 and PDE5A2, which possess distinct N-terminal sequences. In this study, the DNA sequences corresponding to the unique N-terminal portions of PDE5A1 and PDE5A2 were shown to be tandemly located upstream of exons encoding the common region of PDE5A in both human and rat PDE5A genes. The presence of human PDE5A2 and rat PDE5A1 transcripts in lung was confirmed by reverse transcriptase-PCR. These results indicated that two variant forms of PDE5A exist in humans, canines and rats. We examined the tissue distribution of the two variants of human PDE5A in adult and fetal humans. The patterns of expression of the two alternatively spliced transcripts of human PDE5A in human tissues differed. Many putative regulatory elements including cAMP response elements were observed in the 5'-untranslated region and intron of the PDE5A gene. The levels of the PDE5A transcripts, especially the PDE5A2 transcripts, were increased by a cAMP analogue in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells, indicating that the PDE5A2 is an inducible variant of PDE5A in rats. (+info)

Studies of the molecular mechanism of discrimination between cGMP and cAMP in the allosteric sites of the cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5). (6/318)

The regulatory domain of the cGMP-binding cGMP-specific 3':5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE5) contains two homologous segments of amino acid sequence that encode allosteric cyclic nucleotide-binding sites, referred to as site a and site b, which are highly selective for cGMP over cAMP. The possibility that the state of protonation in these sites contributes to cyclic nucleotide selectivity was investigated. The binding of cGMP or cAMP was determined using saturation and competition kinetics at pH values between 5.2 and 9.5. The total cGMP binding by PDE5 was unchanged by variation in pH, but the relative affinity for cGMP versus cAMP progressively decreased as the pH was lowered. Using site-directed mutagenesis, a conserved residue, Asp-289, in site a of PDE5 has been identified as being important for cyclic nucleotide discrimination in this site. It is proposed that deprotonation of Asp-289 enhances the number and strength of bonds formed with cGMP, while concomitantly decreasing the interactions with cAMP. (+info)

Autoregulation of nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP signalling in mouse thoracic aorta. (7/318)

1. The sensitivity of the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)-cyclic guanosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) system to nitric oxide (NO) was investigated in mouse aorta from wild type (WT) and NO synthase (NOS) knockout (KO) animals. 2. The NO donor, spermine-NONOate (SPER-NO) was more potent in aortas from eNOS KO mice compared to WT (pEC50 7.30+/-0.06 and 6.56+/-0.04, respectively; n=6; P<0.05). In contrast, the non-NO based sGC activator, YC-1 was equipotent in vessels from eNOS WT and KO mice. The sensitivity of aortas from nNOS and iNOS KO animals to SPER-NO was unchanged. Forskolin (an adenylate cyclase activator), was equipotent in vessels from eNOS WT and KO animals. 3. The cyclic GMP analogue, 8-Br-cGMP was equipotent in eNOS WT and KO mice (pEC50 4. 38+/-0.04 and 4.40+/-0.05, respectively; n=5; P>0.05). Zaprinast (10-5 M) a phosphodiesterase type V (PDE V) inhibitor, had no effect on the response to SPER-NO in vessels from eNOS WT or KO mice. 4. The NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 3x10-4 M) increased the potency of SPER-NO in aortas from WT mice (pEC50 6. 64+/-0.02 and 7.37+/-0.02 in the absence and presence of L-NAME, respectively; n=4; P<0.05). 5. In summary, there is increased sensitivity of vessels from eNOS KO animals to NO. Cyclic AMP-mediated dilatation is unchanged, consistent with a specific up-regulation of sGC - cyclic GMP signalling. The functional activity of cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (G-kinase) and PDE V was also unchanged, suggesting that sGC is the site of up-regulation. These alterations in the sensitivity of the sGC - cyclic GMP pathway might represent a mechanism for the dynamic regulation of NO bioactivity. (+info)

Impaired cerebral vasodilator responses to NO and PDE V inhibition after subarachnoid hemorrhage. (8/318)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO)-mediated cerebral vasodilatation. We tested the hypothesis that SAH causes alterations in the production of, hydrolysis of, or responsiveness to cGMP in the rat basilar artery in vivo. Rats were injected with saline or autologous blood into the cisterna magna. Two days later, effects of vasoactive drugs on basilar artery diameter were examined using a cranial window preparation. Vasodilator responses to ACh, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and low concentrations (+info)

Johner, A., Kunz, S., Linder, M., Shakur, Y. and Seebeck, T. (2006). "Cyclic nucleotide specific phosphodiesterases of ... http://www.garlandscience.com/textbooks/0815323042.asp?type=reviews. *Irwin H. Segel. Enzyme Kinetics: Behavior and Analysis of ... B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, ... B enzm: 1.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8/10/11/13/14/15-18, 2.1/2/3/4/5/6/7/8, 2.7.10, 2.7.11-12, 3.1/2/3/4/5/6/7, 3.1.3.48, 3.4.21/22/23/24, ...

https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/3

White matter Schwann cells 2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) List of human cell types derived from the germ ... Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell. They arise during development from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can ... They are the last cell type to be generated in the CNS. Oligodendrocytes were discovered by Pío del Río Hortega. ... Oligodendrocytes (from Greek 'cells with a few branches'), or oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose main functions are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte

Differential Activation and Inhibition of the Multiple Forms of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. Advances in Cyclic ... A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a vasodilating drug which works by blocking the degradative action of ... Fertel R, Weiss B (July 1976). "Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat lung". ... Weiss B, Hait WN (1977). "Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents". Annual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE5_inhibitor

2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 (5): 671-80. doi:10.1067/mai ... Jan 2012). "Neuroprotective efficacy of quinazoline type phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitors in cellular cultures and experimental ... Fertel R, Weiss B (1976). "Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat lung". Mol. ... Weiss B (1975). "Differential activation and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase". Adv. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor

Kaupp UB, Seifert R (July 2002). "Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels". Physiol. Rev. 82 (3): 769-824. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319. ... Further effects mainly depend on cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which vary based on the type of cell. cAMP-dependent pathway is ... Molecules that inhibit the cAMP pathway include: cAMP phosphodiesterase converts cAMP into AMP by breaking the phosphodiester ... Increases in concentration of the second messenger cAMP may lead to the activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP-dependent_pathway

"Biologic regulation through opposing influences of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP: the Yin Yang hypothesis". Adv Cyclic Nucleotide ... As different PDE types may affect different cAMP pools, the different PDEs may regulate different processes in the cell. PDE2 ... June 1997). "cGMP-stimulated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase regulates the basal calcium current in human atrial myocytes ... Bender AT, Beavo JA (September 2006). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: molecular regulation to clinical use". Pharmacol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_2

"Biologic regulation through opposing influences of cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP: the Yin Yang hypothesis". Adv Cyclic Nucleotide ... As different PDE types may affect different cAMP pools, the different PDEs may regulate different processes in the cell.[9]. ... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE2) on guinea pig left atria in eu- and hyperthyroidism" (PDF). Gen Physiol Biophys. 22 ... "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: molecular regulation to clinical use". Pharmacol. Rev. 58 (3): 488-520. doi:10.1124/pr. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE2

Yeast tRNA cyclic phosphodiesterase cleaves the cyclic phosphodiester group to form a 2'-phosphorylated 3' end. Yeast tRNA ... exon then performs a nucleophilic attack at the first nucleotide following the last nucleotide of the intron at the 3' splice ... This type of splicing is termed canonical splicing or termed the lariat pathway, which accounts for more than 99% of splicing. ... Splicing occurs in all the kingdoms or domains of life, however, the extent and types of splicing can be very different between ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splicing_

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the P2RX7 receptor gene are associated with an increased risk of bone fracture. The ... There are two types of NTs: Concentrative nucleoside transporters (CNTs): Na+-dependent symporters Equilibrative nucleoside ... the ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterases (E-NPPs) and alkaline phosphatases (APs). Extracellular AMP is hydrolyzed ... for sustained platelet aggregation through the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and a corresponding decrease in cyclic adenosine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purinergic_signalling

... cGMP in turn activates cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase G, which phosphorylates various proteins that play a role in ... Here is a list of examples of the nitrate type (in alphabetical order): Acesaniamide[citation needed] Diethylene glycol ... PDE5 inhibitors block deactivation of cGMP by the enzyme phosphodiesterase-5. In combination with the increased cGMP production ... Guanylate cyclase produces cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) from guanosine triphosphate (GTP). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrovasodilator

Kroll, S.; Phillips, W. J.; Cerione, R. A. (1989). "The regulation of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase by the GDP-bound form of ... Fung, BKK; Hurley, JB; Stryer, L (1981). "Flow of information in the light-triggered cyclic nucleotide cascade of vision". ... It is a type of heterotrimeric G-protein with different α subunits in rod and cone photoreceptors. Light leads to ... cyclic GMP Phosphodiesterase. The Tα subunit of transducin contains three functional domains: one for rhodopsin/Tβγ interaction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducin

Essayan DM (November 2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 (5): ... Paraxanthine is a phosphodiesterase type 9 (PDE9) inhibitor and it is sold as a research molecule for this same purpose. ... Paraxanthine is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-preferring phosphodiesterase (PDE9) activity and is hypothesized to increase ... Paraxanthine is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine

Unstimulated (in the dark), cyclic-nucleotide gated channels in the outer segment are open because cyclic GMP (cGMP) is bound ... One type of photosensitive pigment Three types of photosensitive pigment in humans ... Each transducin then activates the enzyme cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE).. *PDE then catalyzes the hydrolysis of cGMP to ... resulting in the closure of cyclic nucleotide-gated Na+ ion channels located in the photoreceptor outer segment membrane. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

... interacts with the delta subunit of rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ... guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. • RNA binding. Cellular component. • cytoplasm. • ciliary basal body. • centrosome ... "Analysis of the RPGR gene in 11 pedigrees with the retinitis pigmentosa type 3 genotype: paucity of mutations in the coding ... interacts with the delta subunit of rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa_GTPase_regulator

Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase and multiple molecules of the Immune system. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000197971 ... In general, the major form of MBP is a protein of about 18.5 Kd (170 residues). In melanocytic cell types, MBP gene expression ... 105 (5): 1223-30. PMID 4099924. Carnegie PR (1972). "Amino acid sequence of the encephalitogenic basic protein from human ... 370 (5): 503-10. doi:10.1515/bchm3.1989.370.1.503. PMID 2472816. Lennon VA, Wilks AV, Carnegie PR (1971). "Immunologic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myelin_basic_protein

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. 3.1.6: Sulfatase. *arylsulfatase *Arylsulfatase A. *Arylsulfatase B. *Arylsulfatase E ... 1994). "New type of linkage between a carbohydrate and a protein: C-glycosylation of a specific tryptophan residue in human ... Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the RNASE2 gene.[5][6][7] ... 143 (3): 952-5. PMID 2745977.. *. Beintema JJ, Hofsteenge J, Iwama M, et al. (1988). "Amino acid sequence of the nonsecretory ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil-derived_neurotoxin

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. 3.1.6: Sulfatase. *arylsulfatase *Arylsulfatase A. *Arylsulfatase B. *Arylsulfatase E ... "Demonstration of functionally different interactions between phospholipase C-gamma and the two types of platelet-derived growth ... For example, when activated by SRC, the encoded protein causes the Ras guanine nucleotide exchange factor RASGRP1 to ... Phospholipase C, gamma 1, also known as PLCG1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLCG1 gene.[5][6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLCG1

... acts as a phosphodiesterase (PDE) type-1 inhibitor in isolated rabbit aorta,[12] Independent of vinpocetine's ... Hagiwara M, Endo T, Hidaka H (February 1984). "Effects of vinpocetine on cyclic nucleotide metabolism in vascular smooth muscle ... 49 (5): 413-9. PMID 2271012.. *^ Sitges M, Sanchez-Tafolla BM, Chiu LM, Aldana BI, Guarneros A (October 2011). "Vinpocetine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinpocetine

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. 3.1.6: Sulfatase. *arylsulfatase *Arylsulfatase A. *Arylsulfatase B. *Arylsulfatase E ... The third type of glucose 6-phosphatase deficiency, glucose 6-phosphatase-β deficiency, is characterized by a congenital ... 1993). "Glycogen Storage Disease Type I". PMID 20301489.. Cite journal requires ,journal=. (help). ... Chou JY, Matern D, Mansfield BC, Chen YT (March 2002). "Type I glycogen storage diseases: disorders of the glucose-6- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glucose_6-phosphatase

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deoxyribonuclease_II

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. 3.1.6: Sulfatase. *arylsulfatase *Arylsulfatase A. *Arylsulfatase B. *Arylsulfatase E ... Types. *EC1 Oxidoreductases (list). *EC2 Transferases (list). *EC3 Hydrolases (list). *EC4 Lyases (list) ... 5, Academic Press, New York, 1961, p. 73-78.. *. Neuhaus FC, Byrne WL (1959). "Metabolism of phosphoserine. II. Purification ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphoserine_phosphatase

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_serine/threonine_phosphatase

... resulting in the closing of Na+ cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGs). Thus the cell is hyperpolarised. The amount of ... A third type of light-sensing cell, the photosensitive ganglion cell, is important for entrainment of circadian rhythms and ... This in turn causes the Ga-subunit of the protein to activate a phosphodiesterase (PDE6), which degrades cGMP, ... There are two types of centre-surround structures in the retina - on-centres and off-centres. On-centres have a positively ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina

Because RETGC-1 produces cGMP, which keeps cyclic nucleotide-gated channels open allowing the influx of calcium, this mutation ... Types[edit]. There are membrane-bound (type 1, guanylate cyclase-coupled receptor) and soluble (type 2, soluble guanylate ... Once formed, cGMP can be degraded by phosphodiesterases, which themselves are under different forms of regulation, depending on ... Depending on cell type, it can drive adaptive/developmental changes requiring protein synthesis. In smooth muscle, cGMP is the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanylate_cyclase

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. 3.1.6: Sulfatase. *arylsulfatase *Arylsulfatase A. *Arylsulfatase B. *Arylsulfatase E ... Phosphodiesterase type 11 (PDE11) is a type of phosphodiesterase enzyme. An inhibitor is BC11-38. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE11

Known genetic causes of this are mutations in the cone cell cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels CNGA3 (ACHM2) and CNGB3 (ACHM3 ... This α-subunit then activates a phosphodiesterase that catalyzes the conversion of cGMP to GMP, thereby reducing current ... though in some cases the truncated proteins may be able to coassemble with wild-type channels in a dominant negative fashion. ... There are at least four genetic causes of congenital ACHM, two of which involve cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (ACHM2/ ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Achromatopsia

Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (protein kinase A) are activated by the signal chain coming from the G protein (that was ... Involved in growth and metastasis of some types of tumors.[24]. *Used in the endocrine system for peptide and amino-acid ... When a ligand binds to the GPCR it causes a conformational change in the GPCR, which allows it to act as a guanine nucleotide ... These signals then can be terminated by cAMP phosphodiesterase, which is an enzyme that degrades cAMP to 5'-AMP and inactivates ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptors

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. 3.1.6: Sulfatase. *arylsulfatase *Arylsulfatase A. *Arylsulfatase B. *Arylsulfatase E ... LIPE, AOMS4, FPLD6, HSL, LHS, lipase E, hormone sensitive type. External IDs. OMIM: 151750 MGI: 96790 HomoloGene: 3912 ... which is necessary for lipid mobilization in response to cyclic AMP, which itself is provided by the activation of Gs protein- ... 53 (5): 1110-7. doi:10.1095/biolreprod53.5.1110. PMID 8527515.. *^ Langin D, Laurell H, Holst LS, Belfrage P, Holm C (June 1993 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hormone-sensitive_lipase

Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T) subunit beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GNB1 gene.[5] ... type 1 angiotensin receptor binding. • protein complex binding. • signal transducer activity. • protein binding. • GTPase ... alkylglycerophosphoethanolamine phosphodiesterase activity. • macromolecular complex binding. Cellular component. • ... retina development in camera-type eye. • Ras protein signal transduction. • cell proliferation. • cellular response to hypoxia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNB1

3 Types of G protein signaling *3.1 Heterotrimeric G proteins *3.1.1 Common mechanism *3.1.1.1 Activation ... Gαs activates the cAMP-dependent pathway by stimulating the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP) from ATP. This is accomplished by ... G proteins, also known as guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, are a family of proteins that act as molecular switches inside ... Types of G protein signaling[edit]. G protein can refer to two distinct families of proteins. Heterotrimeric G proteins, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G-proteins

This compound is a potent inhibitor of cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, the enzyme that degrades the signalling molecule ... This block of nucleotide biosynthesis is more toxic to rapidly growing cells than non-dividing cells, since a rapidly growing ... cyclic guanosine monophosphate.[40] This signalling molecule triggers smooth muscle relaxation and allows blood flow into the ... Although it is possible for mixed-type inhibitors to bind in the active site, this type of inhibition generally results from an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibition

The cyclic AMP-regulatory dimers are degraded by phosphodiesterase and release 5'AMP. DNA in the cell nucleus binds to ... G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway, coupled to cyclic nucleotide second messenger. • activation of adenylate cyclase ... LHCGR have been found in many types of extragonadal tissues, and the physiologic role of some has remained largely unexplored. ... Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (protein kinase A) are activated by the signal chain coming from the G protein (that was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luteinizing_hormone/choriogonadotropin_receptor

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. 3.1.6: Sulfatase. *arylsulfatase *Arylsulfatase A. *Arylsulfatase B. *Arylsulfatase E ... Type II[edit]. Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease. Structure of the homodimeric restriction enzyme EcoRI (cyan and green ... Type V[edit]. Type V restriction enzymes (e.g., the cas9-gRNA complex from CRISPRs[43]) utilize guide RNAs to target specific ... Type l[edit]. Type I restriction enzymes were the first to be identified and were first identified in two different strains (K- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_endonucleases

The roles of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in steroidogenesis. Abstract Baillie, George S. University of Glasgow ... Cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase type 4 protects against atrial arrhythmias. Abstract Parent, Carole A. ... Cyclic nucleotide compartmentalization: contributions of phosphodiesterases and ATP-binding cassette transporters. Abstract ... Cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase, PDE8A1, is activated by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation. Abstract ...

http://labindex.jove.com/group/Cyclic-Nucleotide-Phosphodiesterases%2C-Type-5

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) is the most recently discovered family of human 3,5-cyclic nucleotide ... phosphodiesterases (PDEs). This family contains one gene, PDE11A, with four splice variants (PDE11A1-PDE11A4). The ... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11A: localization in human tissues Int J Impot Res. Jul-Aug 2005;17(4):320-5. doi: 10.1038/ ... Publication types * Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt MeSH terms * Adolescent * Adult ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15800651/?dopt=Abstract

... cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis counters this response. Here, we show that blocking the intrinsic catabolism of c … ... Cyclic GMP / metabolism * Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases * Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5 ... Chronic inhibition of cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase 5A prevents and reverses cardiac hypertrophy Nat Med. 2005 Feb;11(2):214-22. ... Here, we show that blocking the intrinsic catabolism of cGMP with an oral phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE5A) inhibitor (sildenafil) ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15665834/?dopt=Abstract

Publication types, MeSH terms, Substance, Grant support. Publication types. *Research Support, Non-U.S. Govt ... Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) comprise a superfamily of enzymes that were previously divided by their primary ... Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases class III: members, structure, and catalytic mechanism.. Richter W1. ... and related proteins allowed the generation of a three-dimensional model for class III cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11835503?dopt=Abstract

Combinatorial biosynthesis of 5/5/6 type polycyclic tetramate macrolactams (PoTeMs) was achieved in an engineered ikarugamycin ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1. A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily ... type II (intermediate form), and type III (Kugelberg-Welander disease). Type I is fatal in infancy, type II has a late ... The three members of this family are referred to as type 1A, type 1B, and type 1C and are each product of a distinct gene. In ...

https://www.bioportfolio.com/resources/pmarticle/2617609/Engineered-Biosynthesis-of-5-5-6-Type-Polycyclic-Tetramate-Macrolactams-in-an.html

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the enzymes that degrade and inactivate cAMP, play a critical role in the ... This harmful heme has the ability to destroy the structure and function of several types of cells in the body. Therefore, in ... Regulation of phosphodiesterases and cAMP signaling during the host-pathogen interaction in the pulmonary endothelium ... During the past three decades, a huge number of studies have reported that Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) destroys ...

https://www.uab.edu/medicine/anesthesiology/research/basic-and-translational-research

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 5 activity limits blood flow to hypoperfused myocardium during exerciseCirculationYear ... Tissue distribution of phosphodiesterase families and the effects of sildenafil on tissue cyclic nucleotides, platelet function ... The efficacy and safety of udenafil, a new selective phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, in patients with erectile dysfunctionJ ... which is rapidly degraded by cGMP phosphodiesterase (PDE). Recently, phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor (PDEi) has been reported to ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Understanding-chest-pain-in-microvascular/25154607.html

Protein Type. Unknown. Biological Properties. General Function. Involved in catalytic activity. Specific Function. Cyclic ... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 1C (HMDBP00605). IdentificationBiological propertiesGene propertiesProtein properties ... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. J Biol Chem. 1996 Jan 12;271(2):796-806. [PubMed:8557689 ] ... nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators of many ...

http://www.hmdb.ca/proteins/HMDBP00605

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoform. Physiol Rev. 1995; 75: 725-748. ... Effect of regular phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibition in hypertension. Hypertension. 2006; 48: 622-627. ... Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibition to Treat Essential Hypertension. Is This the Beginning of the Story?. Stefano Taddei, Lorenzo ... Therapeutic potential of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibition for cardiovascular disease. Circulation. 2003; 108: 239-244. ...

http://hyper.ahajournals.org/content/48/4/546

Cyclic nucleotide research: still expanding after half a century. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002; 3: 710-718. ... Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterases and regulation of smooth muscle function. Circ Res. 2003; 93: 280-291. ... cAK indicates cAMP-dependent protein kinase; cGK(I/II), cGMP-dependent protein kinase (type I/II); cGMP, cyclic guanosine-3′,5 ... Cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases differ in their regulation of cyclic AMP response element-dependent gene ...

http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/93/10/907.full

Cyclic GMP as substrate and regulator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol ... Cyclic GMP as substrate and regulator of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol ... Concentration and regulation of cyclic nucleotides, cyclic-nucleotide-dependent protein kinases and one of their major ... Concentration and regulation of cyclic nucleotides, cyclic-nucleotide-dependent protein kinases and one of their major ...

https://rupress.org/jcb/article/155/2/271/43970/Rapid-nitric-oxide-induced-desensitization-of-the

Several other proteins such as cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels (1), phosphodiesterases (PDE) (2), and guanine nucleotide ... of type I and type II cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinases by using cyclic nucleotide analogs. Eur. J. Biochem. 181, 19- 31. ... both of which are required for cyclic nucleotide discrimination.. Recently the affinities of a range of widely used cyclic ... Bradley, J., Reisert, J., and Frings, S. (2005 ) Regulation of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 15, 343 ...

https://www.mcponline.org/content/8/5/1016

More recently, we analyzed the bronchoalveolar lavage of CF and wild-type mice for cell infiltrates and expression of pro- ... More recently, we analyzed the bronchoalveolar lavage of CF and wild-type mice for cell infiltrates and expression of pro- ... Using phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, we and others have provided evidence of rescued F508del-CFTR trafficking and ... Using phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, we and others have provided evidence of rescued F508del-CFTR trafficking and ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2012.00167/full

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators ... Type I PDE are activated by the binding of calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+. ... calmodulin-dependent cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity Source: MGIInferred from sequence orthologyi*7568196 ... Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase with a dual-specificity for the second messengers cAMP and cGMP, which are key regulators ...

http://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/Q64338

Type 5 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases The vigorous immune microenvironment of microsatellite instable colon cancer is ... Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors ... 5, p. 735-740 6 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › ... Wu, I., Wang, H., Huso, D. & Wahl, R. L., Dec 1 2015, In : EJNMMI Research. 5, 1, 58.. Research output: Contribution to journal ... Jul 5 2015, In : Journal of Translational Medicine. 13, 1, 214.. Research output: Contribution to journal › Article ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/hao-wang/publications/

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, specifically Type 5, break down cGMP to GMP by catalyzing a reaction that breaks the ... on the Relaxation of Human Corpus Cavernosum Tissue in Vitro and on the Activities of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase ... Carter, et al., "Effect of the Selective Phosphodiesterase Type Inhibitor Sildenafil on Erectile Function in the Anesthetized ... "Sildenafil, a Novel Inhibitor of Phosphodiesterase Type 5 in Human Corpus Cavernosum Smooth Muscle Cells", Life Sciences 62 ( ...

http://www.google.es/patents/US7660631?dq=flatulence

Turko et al (1999) Inhibition of cyclic cGMP-binding cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase (type 5) by silde. and related ... on the relaxation of human corpus cavernosum tissue in vitro and on the activities of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase ... Orally active, potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) (IC50 = 4 nM). Enhances nitric oxide-dependent relaxation of ... Keywords: Sildenafil citrate, Sildenafil citrate supplier, phosphodiesterases, 5, PDE5, inhibitors, inhibits, orally, active, ...

https://www.tocris.com/products/sildenafil-citrate_3784

D. A. Kass, H. C. Champion, and J. A. Beavo, "Phosphodiesterase type 5: expanding roles in cardiovascular regulation," ... This signaling is controlled by phosphodiesterases (PDEs) [151] and active transport systems that export cyclic nucleotides ( ... C. S. Lin, G. Lin, and T. F. Lue, "Cyclic nucleotide signaling in cavernous smooth muscle," Journal of Sexual Medicine, vol. 2 ... The cyclic nucleotides and protein kinases may play an important role in the pathophysiology of testicular infarction in SCD. ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/anemia/2012/723520/

Identification of Interaction Sites of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Type 3A with Milrinone and Cilostazol Using ... Identification of Interaction Sites of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Type 3A with Milrinone and Cilostazol Using ... Identification of Interaction Sites of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Type 3A with Milrinone and Cilostazol Using ... Identification of Interaction Sites of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase Type 3A with Milrinone and Cilostazol Using ...

https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/62/3/514

... by adenylyl cyclase and metabolized by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). Type 4 PDE (PDE4) is selective to cAMP in ... Andersen PH, Klysner R, Geisler A. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity in rat brain following chronic treatment with lithium ... Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors. Enzyme Inhibitors. Molecular Mechanisms of Pharmacological Action ... Antidepressant Effects on cAMP Specific Phosphodiesterase (PDE4) in Depressed Patients. The safety and scientific validity of ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00369798

... often suppressing an acute rise in a given cyclic nucleotide back to baseline within seconds to minutes.2 It is also ... but also by their hydrolysis catalyzed by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). PDE regulation is quite potent, ... the duration and magnitude of these signaling cascades are determined not only by generation of cyclic nucleotides, ... Each cyclic nucleotide has a corresponding primary targeted protein kinase, protein kinase (PK)A for cAMP, and PKG for cGMP. ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Controlling-Myocyte-cGMP-Takimoto/fc1f414b76f7fa62c97ef86e201e6aef0efb09d9

Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on exercise capacity and clinical status in heart failure with preserved ejection ... Van Empel, V. P. M., Kaye, D. M. & Borlaug, B. A., Jul 1 2014, In : American Journal of Cardiology. 114, 1, p. 131-135 5 p.. ... Borlaug, B. A., May 2013, In : Nature Reviews Cardiology. 10, 5, p. 244-246 3 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › ... Fang, J. C. & Borlaug, B. A., Oct 5 2013, Grossman & Baims Cardiac Catheterization, Angiography, and Intervention: Eighth ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/barry-a-borlaug/publications/?page=3

Cyclic stretch induces inducible nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. ... Brief hyperoxia increases mitochondrial oxidation and increases phosphodiesterase 5 activity in fetal pulmonary artery smooth ... Cyclic stretch stimulates mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and Nox4 signaling in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. ... Chi, A. Y., Waypa, G. B., Mungai, P. T. & Schumacker, P. T., Mar 1 2010, In : Antioxidants and Redox Signaling. 12, 5, p. 603- ...

https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/persons/paul-t-schumacker/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Farticle

Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-5 suppresses calcineurin/NFAT-mediated TRPC6 expression in pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells ... Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Medicine & Life Sciences Acute Lung Injury Medicine & Life Sciences ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/li-gao

Complete nucleotide sequence of full length cDNA for rat α cardiac myosin hea chain. Mcnally, E. M., Gianola, K. M. & Leinwand ... 5 (1052-1060)). Boone, D. L., Turer, E. E., Lee, E. G., Ahmad, R. C., Wheeler, M. T., Tsui, C., Hurley, P., Chien, M., Chai, S ...

https://www.scholars.northwestern.edu/en/persons/elizabeth-m-mcnally/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Fcomment

2,3-cyclic-nucleotide 2-phosphodiesterase/3-nucleotidase (IPR006294). *NAD pyrophosphatase/5-nucleotidase NadN (IPR006420) ... Predicted phosphoesterase, YhaO type (IPR014576). *Uncharacterised conserved protein UCP033093, metallophosphoesterase-type ( ... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity.. J. Biol. Chem. 283 30942-9 2008. Matange N, Podobnik M, Visweswariah SS. ... DNA double-strand break repair protein Mre11, archaea-type (IPR032885). *Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase PP1 catalytic ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR029052

... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity based on the use of polyacrylamide-boronate affinity gel chromatography. J Cyclic ... Rapid nitric oxide-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by increased activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 ... Polson JB and Strada SJ (1996) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and vascular smooth muscle. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 36: ... Francis SH, Turko IV, and Corbin JD (2001) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: relating structure and function. Prog Nucleic ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/317/1/188

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5, Diabetes Mellitus, Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors, Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and ... Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on exercise capacity and clinical status in heart failure with preserved ejection ... In reference to I-PRESERVE and RELAX (Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in ... 3 Phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition was thought to have potential in targeting the multiple pathophysiological disorders that ...

https://www.acc.org/latest-in-cardiology/articles/2017/04/13/12/19/clinical-and-echocardiographic-characteristics-and-cardiovascular-outcomes?w_nav=CI

1981) Effects of cyclic AMP- and cyclic GMP- phosphodiesterase inhibitors on immunological release of histamine and on lung ... nucleotide-phosphodiesterase as a possible mode of action of papaverine and similarly acting drugs. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch ... 1970) Cyclic phosphodiesterase activity and the action of papaverine. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 40:64-69. ... L-type voltage-operated calcium channel. PDE. phosphodiesterase receptor-operated calcium channels. ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/359/3/442.full

Sildenafil and phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors for heart failure. Guazzi, M., 2008, In : Current Heart Failure Reports. 5, 2, p ... The effects of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition with sildenafil on pulmonary hemodynamics and diffusion capacity, exercise ... Guazzi, M., Reina, G., Tumminello, G. & Guazzi, M. D., Mar 2005, In : European Heart Journal. 26, 5, p. 472-480 9 p.. Research ... Guazzi, M., Reina, G., Tumminello, G. & Guazzi, M. D., Nov 2004, In : Journal of Applied Physiology. 97, 5, p. 1866-1873 8 p.. ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/persons/marco-guazzi/publications/?page=5

The article from Oliver et al 2 published in this issue of Hypertension represents the first study performed with an accurate experimental design and methodology demonstrating that inhibitors of isoform 5 of phosphodiesterase (PDE) might be potentially used as a new drug class for the treatment of essential hypertension. (ahajournals.org)
Using phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors, we and others have provided evidence of rescued F508del-CFTR trafficking and corrected deficient chloride transport activity. (frontiersin.org)
Rodent studies have consistently shown upregulation of the 3, 5-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) system induced by different types of chronic but not acute antidepressant treatment including serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, lithium and electroconvulsions. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Sub-efficacious doses of phosphodiesterase 4 and 5 inhibitors improve memory in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. (bioportfolio.com)
Increasing their levels by phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE-Is) enhanced cognitive functions and rescued mem. (bioportfolio.com)
Given that phototransduction relies on the hydrolysis of cGMP via phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6), we examined ROS growth and shedding in zebrafish treated with cGMP-specific PDE inhibitors. (arvojournals.org)
1. The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) present in an insulin secreting cell line, BRIN - BD11, were characterized using calcium/calmodulin, IGF-1, isoenzyme-selective PDE inhibitors and RT - PCR. (strath.ac.uk)
Both cAMP and cGMP have been shown to have antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects in many cell types ( 15 , 16 ), and numerous studies have described the growth-inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing effects of various PDE inhibitors on certain tumor cell types, including colorectal cancer cells ( 17 - 20 ). (aacrjournals.org)
Such as inhibitors can be used, for example, as a means of increasing cyclic AMP in neurons and thus treating neurological problems, such as long term memory loss, if not preventing such maladies entirely. (freepatentsonline.com)
In addition, induction of PAI was enhanced by isobutyl-methylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, but not, however, by other phosphodiesterase inhibitors, or by forskolin or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, suggesting an effect of isobutyl-methylxanthine other than through cyclic nucleotides. (tudelft.nl)
It also belongs to another family of drugs called phosphodiesterase type 4, or PDE4, inhibitors. (joggingclubsablais.com)
The effects of β 2-adrenergic agonists, which stimulate cAMP synthesis, and phosphodiesterase inhibitors, which inhibit cAMP degradation, on acute lung injury are reviewed, and the relative advantages. (joggingclubsablais.com)
Type 3 phosphodiesterase inhibitors may be protective against cerebrovascular events in patients with claudication. (ebi.ac.uk)
The 5-phosphodiesterase (5-PDE) inhibitors have been also used for this purpose ( 19 ). (kowsarpub.com)
Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV) increase acid secretion in rabbit isolated gastric glands: correlation between function and interaction with a high-affinity rolipram. (naver.com)
In this work, we present an in-depth phenotypic evaluation in T. cruzi of a new class of imidazole compounds, which were discovered in a previous phenotypic screen against different trypanosomatids and were designed as potential inhibitors of cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs). (asm.org)
Further experiments with more selective PDE 5 inhibitors are warranted in order to assess their possible role clinically in conditions related to sphincter hypertonia. (bmj.com)
Phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitors such as sildenafil (Viagra), tadalafil (Cialis), and vardenafil (Levitra) are clinically indicated for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
The occurrence of side effects, or adverse drug reactions (ADRs), with PDE5 inhibitors depends on the dose and type of agent. (wikipedia.org)
Notably, although all PDE5 inhibitors preferentially inhibit PDE5, the degree to which they also inhibit other phosphodiesterases influences their side effect profile. (wikipedia.org)

Orally active, potent inhibitor of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) (IC 50 = 4 nM). (tocris.com)
We found that phosphodiesterase 5(PDE5), a negative regulator of cGMP, was abnormally expressed in multiple cancers and attenuated 67LR-mediated cell death. (elsevier.com)
For Viagra, early in its development it was noted that besides exerting a major inhibitory effect on the intended target, the vascular-associated enzyme phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), the drug also exerts a lesser but definite inhibitory effect on the closely related PDE6, located in the retina. (elsevier.com)
We examined expression of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), an enzyme that hydrolyzes cGMP, in human and mouse hearts subjected to sustained left ventricular (LV) pressure overload. (elsevier.com)
Furthermore, the effects of ICA on the mRNA expression of specific cGMP-binding phosphodiesterase type V (PDE5) in rat penis were also observed. (springer.com)
Expression of three isoforms of cGMP-biding cGMP-Specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5) in human penile cavernosum. (springer.com)
In the pulmonary vasculature, cGMP concentrations are regulated in part by a cGMP-dependent phosphodiesterase (PDE), PDE5. (elsevier.com)
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The hypothalamic expression of TLR4, phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (Myd88) was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction after treating mice for 2 days with udenafil (0, 12, 120, or 600 µg/d). (bvsalud.org)
Vardenafil has higher affinity to phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) than sildenafil and lower administered dosage for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. (aspetjournals.org)
Recent research has focused mainly on the cyclic GMP pathway and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5, cyclic GMP specific PDE) in the control of vaginal vascular smooth muscle, whereas only little is known on the role of other key proteins and mediators of cyclic nucleotide mediated signaling in this process. (elsevier.com)
Yonkenafil is a novel phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor. (newdrugapprovals.org)
3. The PDE1/PDE5 inhibitor zaprinast inhibited both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP PDE activity in both pellet and supernatant fractions of cell homogenates by a maximum of around 25% (IC(50) 1 - 5 microM), while rolipram (PDE4 selective) inhibited only cyclic AMP hydrolysis. (strath.ac.uk)
Avanafil is a selective phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) enzyme inhibitor used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction caused by diabetes, age induced oxidative stress or other complications. (drugbank.ca)
Avanafil inhibits the cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum located around the penis. (drugbank.ca)
The inhibition of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) by avanafil enhances erectile function by increasing the amount of cGMP. (drugbank.ca)
Our previous studies showed that the phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibitor sildenafil inhibited the microglial activation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). (ox.ac.uk)
Furthermore, sildenafil and yonkenafil increased the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) level in N9 microglia, and 8-Br-cGMP, an analogue of cGMP, downregulates extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2)/the NF-κB pathway, suggesting that sildenafil and yonkenafil inhibit microglial activation by decreasing PDE5 expression and increasing the cGMP level. (ox.ac.uk)
Researchers at Saint Louis University School of Medicine have discovered a novel interaction between prostacyclin (PGI2) analogs and phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5. (joggingclubsablais.com)
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), which hydrolyzes cGMP in the inactive form, 5ʹGMP, is present throughout the body and brain and has emerged as a potential therapeutic target for diseases related to neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative processes, since their inhibition leads to accumulation of cGMP. (intechopen.com)
A phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5 inhibitor) is a vasodilating drug which works by blocking the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic GMP in the smooth muscle cells lining the blood vessels supplying various tissues. (wikipedia.org)

3',5'-Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase 11 (PDE11) is the most recently discovered family of human 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). (nih.gov)
3',5' Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) comprise a superfamily of enzymes that were previously divided by their primary structure into two major classes: PDE class I and II. (nih.gov)
The 3',5' cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase from Escherichia coli encoded by the cpdA gene does not show any homology to either PDE class I or class II enzymes and, therefore, represents a new, third class of PDEs. (nih.gov)
2,3 Cyclic GMP is degraded by cGMP-hydrolyzing phosphodiesterases (PDEs). (ahajournals.org)
6 Like NO, cGMP can affect multiple signaling pathways ( Figure 1 A). 1,5,6 To date, three classes of cGMP receptor proteins have been identified: cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) cation channels, cGMP-regulated PDEs, which hydrolyze cAMP and/or cGMP, and cGMP-dependent protein kinases (cGKs). (ahajournals.org)
cAMP is synthesized from adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) by adenylyl cyclase and metabolized by cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs). (clinicaltrials.gov)
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are a family of phosphohydrolyases that catalyze the hydrolysis of 3' cyclic phosphate bonds in adenosine and/or guanine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate (cAMP and/or cGMP). (genecards.org)
The levels of this autocoid are a resultant of its rate of synthesis by adenylate cyclase and its rate of degradation by cAMP-phosphodiesterases (cAMP-PDEs). (joggingclubsablais.com)
Both rod and cone PDEs catalyse the hydrolysis of cAMP or cGMP to the corresponding nucleoside 5' monophosphates, both enzymes also binding cGMP with high affinity. (ebi.ac.uk)

Reduced nitric oxide - cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) signaling is observed in age-related vascular disease. (clinsci.org)
Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) acts as a mediator for the physiological effects of (−)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate, the major constituent of green tea. (elsevier.com)
It is most abundant in the internal membranes of retinal photoreceptors, where it reduces cytoplasmic levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) in rod and cone outer segments in response to light. (unh.edu)
In the human body, one of the most important triggers of an erection is c GMP, or Cyclic guanosine monophosphate. (the-cymbalta.com)
The inhibition of 5-PDE, which metabolizes cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), reduces the pulmonary and systemic pressures under physiologic conditions ( 21 , 22 ). (kowsarpub.com)
The nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (NO/cGMP) signaling appears to play a key role in inhibiting neuroinflammation and preventing the activation of a proapoptotic pathway, thereby promoting neural cell survival. (intechopen.com)

Most of the effects of the signaling molecule nitric oxide (NO) are mediated by cGMP, which is synthesized by soluble guanylyl cyclase and degraded by phosphodiesterases. (rupress.org)
McDonald L G, Murad F. Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP signaling. (springer.com)
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to investigate the expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and phosphodiesterase (PDE) 5 in vaginal tissue of premenopausal women experiencing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) with and without sexual dysfunction. (yonsei.ac.kr)
The MPOA can inhibit the nPGi, vary significantly with age, and men with PE are at risk for suffering from psychological disturbances, Many neurotransmitters are involved in the control of ejaculation, including norepinephrine,serotonin, acetylcholine, oxytocin, g-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and nitric oxide (NO) . Serotonin(5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) has an inhibitory There is no universally accepted definition of PE. (finder-articles.com)
Neurogenic relaxation of the internal anal sphincter is mediated by elevation of cyclic GMP, following activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by nitric oxide. (bmj.com)
Preparations were exposed to a cumulative concentration of zaprinast (3x10 -8 M to 3x10 -5 M), firstly paired with time controls and then in the presence and absence of N G -nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 100μM), a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. (bmj.com)
Zaprinast acts as a PDE 5 inhibitor to relax the sheep internal anal sphincter, however its actions are only partly dependent on the basal release of nitric oxide from the tissue. (bmj.com)

The present study shows by computational analysis that the enzyme encoded by the E. coli cpdA gene belongs to a family of phosphodiesterases that closely resembles the catalytic machinery known from purple acid phosphatases and several other dimetallophosphoesterases. (nih.gov)
A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme and through phosphorylation by regulatory kinases such as PROTEIN KINASE A and PROTEIN KINASE B. The two members of this family are referred to as type 3A, and type 3B, and are each product of a distinct gene. (uams.edu)
Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is a major enzyme controlling the hydrolysis of cAMP in the brain. (ijbs.com)
The second messenger cyclic AMP (cAMP) has a central role in cell signalling in the ovary and its degradation is carried out by the phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzyme family. (ulaval.ca)
The enemy of erections is an enzyme called c GMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5. (the-cymbalta.com)
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. (termsciences.fr)
The enzyme is widely distributed in animal tissue and controls the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. (termsciences.fr)
Researchers found that levels of cAMP can be elevated by disrupting the activation of an enzyme called phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4). (joggingclubsablais.com)
of enzyme, phosphodiesterase 7B. (joggingclubsablais.com)
They found that copper binds to phosphodiesterase 3, or PDE3, an enzyme that binds to cAMP, halting cAMP's ability to facilitate the. (joggingclubsablais.com)
These drugs block the enzyme PDE4, which breaks down cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP. (joggingclubsablais.com)
Since the activity of the cyclic nucleotide is also regulated by phosphodiesterase 5, we have examined the effect of zaprinast, an inhibitor of the enzyme, on the sheep isolated internal anal sphincter. (bmj.com)
Levitra tablets have an active ingredient called vardenafil , which works by influencing the function of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5), a naturally occurring enzyme in the body. (euroclinix.net)

The enzymes responsible for cGMP catabolism are the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which catalyze the hydrolysis of cGMP and cAMP to the corresponding 5′-nucleotide monophosphate. (aspetjournals.org)
Catalyzes the hydrolysis of both cAMP and cGMP to 5'-AMP and 5'-GMP, respectively (By similarity). (uniprot.org)
Here, we show that sulindac sulfide (SS) induces apoptosis and inhibits the growth of human breast tumor cells with IC 50 values of 60 to 85 μmol/L. Within the same concentration range, SS inhibited cyclic GMP (cGMP) hydrolysis in tumor cell lysates but did not affect cyclic AMP hydrolysis. (aacrjournals.org)
2. Calmodulin activated cyclic AMP or cyclic GMP PDE activity in pellet and was 3 fold (P=0.002) more potent in activating cyclic nucleotide hydrolysis in pellet compared with supernatant fractions. (strath.ac.uk)

This effect is clinically useful in patients with erectile dysfunction, characterized by a reduced NO-dependent cGMP stimulation, but increasing evidence indicates that PDE 5 inhibition may be useful in treating other clinical conditions, including pulmonary hypertension and possibly essential hypertension. (ahajournals.org)
Sildenafil (Viagra), a potent and selective inhibitor of type 5 cGMP phosphodiesterase with utility for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. (nature.com)
Sildenafil: an orally type 5 cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor for the treatment of penile erectile dysfunction. (nature.com)
Corbin J D, Francis S H, Webb D J. Phosphdiesterase type 5 as a pharmacologic target in erectile dysfunction. (springer.com)
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the electromagnetic-type low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED).MATERIALS AND METHODS: The randomized, sham-controlled, double-blind prospective study was performed at two referral hospitals. (bvsalud.org)
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Udenafil, a new phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor (PDE5i), has been used to treat erectile dysfunction. (bvsalud.org)
5: 27-35 ated erectile dysfunction. (emhrf.org)
Yonkenafil hydrochloride, useful for treating erectile dysfunction and other PDE-5 mediated diseases eg female sexual dysfunction, benign prostatic hyperplasia, hypertension, allergic asthma, bronchitis, glaucoma, gastrointestinal motility disorders or Alzheimer's Ydisease. (newdrugapprovals.org)
Yangtze River Pharmaceutical, under license from Jilin University, is developing yonkenafil (appears to be first disclosoed in WO2004108726), a PDE-5 inhibitor, for treating male erectile dysfunction. (newdrugapprovals.org)
More recently, the discovery that the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (originally tested as antihypertensive agents) can be a good candidate for male erectile dysfunction has changed the focus of research at Pfizer, and as a result, at several other companies. (pharmacologicalsciences.us)

In addition, the availability of atomic coordinates for several purple acid phosphatases and related proteins allowed the generation of a three-dimensional model for class III cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. (nih.gov)
Several other proteins such as cyclic nucleotide gated ion channels ( 1 ), phosphodiesterases (PDE) ( 2 ), and guanine nucleotide exchange factors (Epac) ( 3 ) bind cAMP. (mcponline.org)
4 , 5 These experiments demonstrated that newly synthesized proteins appear in the base of the OS and displace toward the distal tip of the OS over time until they are shed by the photoreceptor and phagocytosed by the adjacent retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). (arvojournals.org)
Using wild type (wt) and non-myristoylated mutant PKG II proteins it was demonstrated that N-myristoylation (N-myr) is important for targeting of PKG II to membranes and distal ends of filopodia like structures in COS-1 and HEK-293 cells. (ubc.ca)
Two calcium binding proteins, calbindin and calretinin, have been reported to be expressed in abundance in Purkinje cells and other cell types in the cerebellum. (mybiosource.com)

A phosphate-binding histidine of binuclear metallophosphodiesterase enzymes is a determinant of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity. (ebi.ac.uk)
The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE) comprise a group of enzymes that degrade the phosphodiester bond in the second messenger molecules cAMP and cGMP. (ebi.ac.uk)

Moreland RB, Goldstein I, Traish A . Sildenafil, a novel inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 human corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells. (nature.com)
For the cAMP assay, each tube containing 10 islets was incubated for 60 min in HKRB with 5.6 mM glucose containing 500 μM 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, an inhibitor of phosphodiesterase, and the cAMP. (joggingclubsablais.com)

The effect of cGMP (cyclic GMP) dependent protein kinase 1-β (PKG1-β) and cGMP analogues on transcriptional activity and replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) was investigated. (biomedcentral.com)

Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) occurs in post-term neonates ( 5 ), with an incidence of 1 in 500 - 1,500 live births ( 6 ). (kowsarpub.com)

A study of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma copy number alterations by single nucleotide polymorphism analysis. (cancerindex.org)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: functional implications of multiple isoforms. (nature.com)
Lin C S, Lin G, Lue T F. Isolation of two isoforms of phosphodiesterase 5 from rat penis. (springer.com)
Human, rat and mouse cAMP phosphodiesterase isoforms (denoted PDE4D7s), as well as the DNA (RNA) encoding such polypeptides, are disclosed. (freepatentsonline.com)

Furthermore, the known biochemical properties of the bacterial phosphodiesterase encoded by the cpdA gene, such as the requirement of iron ions and a reductant for maintaining its catalytic activity, support this hypothesis developed by computational analysis. (nih.gov)

Here, we showed that the level of phosphodiesterase 5, a negative regulator of cGMP, was up-regulated in adipose tissues of high-fat/high-sucrose (HF/HS) diet-fed mice and that this up-regulation was ameliorated by diallyl disulfide (DADS), the major organosulfur in garlic. (elsevier.com)

52: 2353-62 yildirim S, Ayan S, Sarioglu y, Gultekin y and Butuner C. En-- gene therapy and sildenail on erectile function in diabetic hanced thromboxane receptor-mediated responses and rats. (emhrf.org)
The aim of the present study was to evaluate in the human vagina, by means of immunohistochemistry, the expression and distribution of phosphodiesterase type 1 (PDE1, known to hydrolize both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP) in relation to calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5). (elsevier.com)
PDE3B (Phosphodiesterase 3B) is a Protein Coding gene. (genecards.org)
Gene Ontology (GO) annotations related to this gene include 3',5'-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity and cGMP-inhibited cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity . (genecards.org)
In six families not related to each other they discovered different point mutations in the gene encoding phosphodiesterase. (joggingclubsablais.com)

Type 4 PDE (PDE4) is selective to cAMP in the brain. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Apremilast, a novel phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, regulates inflammation through multiple cAMP downstream effectors. (joggingclubsablais.com)
The phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) family consists of four paralog. (joggingclubsablais.com)
Short-term or long-term treatments with a phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4) inhibitor result in opposing agonist-induced Ca 2+ responses in endothelial cells. (unistra.fr)

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uams.edu)

Avanafil is a new phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor that is faster acting and more selective than other drugs belonging to the same class. (drugbank.ca)
3'-Aminoadenosine-5'-uronamides: discovery of the first highly selective agonist at the human adenosine A3 receptor. (naver.com)

5 These studies also uncovered a marked complexity of signaling via NO/NPs, for example that NO can both inhibit and promote atherogenesis. (ahajournals.org)
SS did not induce apoptosis of normal human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) nor did it inhibit phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in HMEC lysates. (aacrjournals.org)
Mechanistic studies have shown that sulindac sulfone and several structurally related analogues can inhibit cyclic guanosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity at concentrations that are comparable with those required to inhibit colon tumor cell growth and induce apoptosis ( 12 - 14 ). (aacrjournals.org)

Genetically engineered hyperstimulation of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) synthesis counters this response. (nih.gov)
PDE is a metallophosphohydrolase that specifically hydrolyzes the 3′,5′-cyclic phosphate moiety on cyclic nucleotides to a 5′-monophosphate, thereby deactivating cyclic AMP (cAMP) or cGMP. (aacrjournals.org)

cGMP catabolism by phosphodiesterase 5A regulates cardiac adrenergic stimulation by NOS3-dependent mechanism. (ox.ac.uk)

However, when intact platelets were incubated with NO and then lysed, enhanced activity of phosphodiesterase type 5 was detected in the cytosol. (rupress.org)
Thus, our data suggest that NO-induced desensitization of the cGMP response is caused by the phosphorylation and subsequent activity increase of phosphodiesterase type 5. (rupress.org)
Tolerance to nitrates occurs during chronic exposure, and the current study assessed whether this was due to increased phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in the venous circulation. (aspetjournals.org)
In order to determine the role of tehranolide on calmodulin (CaM) structure and activity, its effects were evaluated with fluorescence emission spectra and CaM-mediated activation of phosphodiesterase (PDE1), in comparison with artemisinin. (springer.com)
Steinhorn, Robin H. / Hyperoxia increases phosphodiesterase 5 expression and activity in ovine fetal pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells . (elsevier.com)
PDE terminates second messenger signaling by degrading cyclic nucleotides, whereas inhibition of PDE activity blocks cyclic nucleotide degradation to mimic or amplify cyclic nucleotide signaling. (aacrjournals.org)
screening (HTS) method for measuring cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity from. (joggingclubsablais.com)

3 PDE 5, a cGMP-hydrolyzing isoform, is highly expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells of the corpora cavernosa, but it is also well represented in various other tissues, including peripheral, coronary, and pulmonary vessels. (ahajournals.org)
Considering that both PDE 3 and PDE 5 are present in vascular smooth muscle cells, sildenafil could directly increase cGMP and indirectly increase cAMP via cGMP-mediated PDE 3 inhibition. (ahajournals.org)
A, At the vascular level, PDE 3 and PDE 5 cause cAMP and cGMP breakdown, respectively. (ahajournals.org)
Conclusion: Key mediators of the cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP pathways are co-localized in nerves seen in close proximity to vascular smooth muscle expressing PDE1. (elsevier.com)

Furthermore, this increase in cGMP degradation is paralleled by the phosphorylation of phosphodiesterase type 5 at Ser-92. (rupress.org)

Nucleoside 3',5'-cyclic phosphate + H 2 O = nucleoside 5'-phosphate. (uniprot.org)

The phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitor vardenafil is a potent inhibitor of ABCB1/P-glycoprotein transporter. (nih.gov)
Previously, through the use of an extensive screening process, we found that vardenafil, a phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitor significantly reverses MDR in ABCB1 overexpressing cancer cells, and its efficacy was greater than that of tadalafil, another PDE-5 inhibitor. (nih.gov)
This study was to compare the efficacy of 3 doses of vardenafil, 5 mg, 10 mg and 20 mg, with matching placebo in Chinese male ED patients, treated for a maximum of 12 weeks. (bioportfolio.com)
Could chronic Vardenafil administration influence the cardiovascular risk in men with type 2 diabetes mellitus? (bioportfolio.com)
Vardenafil inhibits PDE-5, making it easier to keep or get an erection. (euroclinix.net)

Sildenafil is a specific inhibitor of PDE 5 isoform and, therefore, increases intracellular cGMP concentration by inhibiting its breakdown with the consequence of potentiating the cGMP-mediated reduction of intracellular calcium concentration 3 ( Figure ). (ahajournals.org)
Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides cAMP and cGMP. (uniprot.org)
The encoded protein plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of these cyclic nucleotides. (abnova.com)

Waldman SA, Murad F . Cyclic GMP synthesis and function. (nature.com)
Murad F. Cyclic GMP: synthesis, metabolism, and function. (springer.com)
Pharmacological modulation of the in vivo induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) synthesis was studied in rats using the induction of PAI-1 by endotoxin as a model system. (tudelft.nl)

Here we show that in platelets and aortic tissue, NO led to a biphasic response characterized by a tremendous increase in cGMP (up to 100-fold) in less than 30 s and a rapid decline, reflecting the tightly controlled balance of guanylyl cyclase and phosphodiesterase activities. (rupress.org)

Type 4 cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE4s) are part of a superfamily of isoenzymes that hydrolyze and inactivate the second messenger cAMP. (joggingclubsablais.com)

Ventricular phosphodiesterase-5 expression is increased in patients with advanced heart failure and contributes to adverse ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction in mice. (semanticscholar.org)
Patients and Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial RELAX (Phosphodiesterase-5 Inhibition to Improve Clinical Status and Exercise Capacity in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction) performed between October 1, 2008, and February 1, 2012. (wustl.edu)

We expressed various subunit combinations of cardiac and skeletal muscle L-type Ca 2+ channels (α 1C ±β 1a ±α 2 or α 1C ±β 2a ±α 2 ) in HEK293 cells and studied the effects of RSNO NO donors on the channels. (ahajournals.org)

Here, we show that blocking the intrinsic catabolism of cGMP with an oral phosphodiesterase-5A (PDE5A) inhibitor (sildenafil) suppresses chamber and myocyte hypertrophy, and improves in vivo heart function in mice exposed to chronic pressure overload induced by transverse aortic constriction. (nih.gov)

Retinal 3',5'-cGMP phosphodiesterase is located in photoreceptor outer segments: it is light activated, playing a pivotal role in signal transduction. (ebi.ac.uk)

Inhibition of human phosphodiesterase 4A expressed in yeast cell GL62 by theophylline, rolipram, and acetamide-45. (illumina.com)

7. These findings, in a clonal insulin secreting cell line, are consistent with an important role for PDE3B in regulating the pool of cyclic AMP relevant to the modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. (strath.ac.uk)

The expressions of eNOS and PDE 5 were compared in the two groups using immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. (yonsei.ac.kr)

Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase PDE1C1 in human cardiac myocytes. (semanticscholar.org)

Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell. (wikipedia.org)

NF-κB Upregulates Type 5 Phosphodiesterase in N9 Microglial Cells: Inhibition by Sildenafil and Yonkenafil. (ox.ac.uk)

however, published receptor binding data also support the potential L-type voltage- operated calcium channel (L-VOCC) blocking effect of drotaverine. (aspetjournals.org)
The 67-kDa laminin receptor (67LR) is a laminin-binding protein overexpressed in various types of cancer, including bile duct carcinoma, colorectal carcinoma, cervical cancer, and breast carcinoma. (elsevier.com)

1995) Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type IV participates in the regulation of IL-10 and in the subsequent inhibition of TNF alpha and IL-6 release by endotoxin-stimulated macrophages. (avivasysbio.com)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes12

Information Science3

Potency and mechanism of action of E4021, a type 5 phosphodiesterase isozyme-selective inhibitor, on the photoreceptor phosphodiesterase depend on the state of activation of the enzyme. (1/318)

cAMP-dependent induction of PDE5 expression in murine neuroblastoma cell differentiation. (2/318)

Inhibition of cyclic GMP-binding cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase (Type 5) by sildenafil and related compounds. (3/318)

Improvement of mortality by long-term E4010 treatment in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. (4/318)

Genomic origin and transcriptional regulation of two variants of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases. (5/318)

Studies of the molecular mechanism of discrimination between cGMP and cAMP in the allosteric sites of the cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5). (6/318)

Autoregulation of nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP signalling in mouse thoracic aorta. (7/318)

Impaired cerebral vasodilator responses to NO and PDE V inhibition after subarachnoid hemorrhage. (8/318)

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2

Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases

Nucleotides, Cyclic

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5

Cyclic GMP

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7

Cyclic AMP

Rolipram

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine

Purinones

Isoenzymes

Molecular Sequence Data

Calmodulin

Amino Acid Sequence

Kinetics

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6

Nucleotides

Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone

Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP

Theophylline

Phosphodiesterase I

Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels

Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases

Milrinone

Bucladesine

Pyrrolidinones

Adenine Nucleotides

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Adenylate Cyclase

Second Messenger Systems

Papaverine

Cyclic IMP

Base Sequence

Colforsin

Guanylate Cyclase

Cloning, Molecular

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

Calcium

Guanine Nucleotides

Cattle

Hydrolysis

Isoproterenol

Xanthines

Binding Sites

Catalytic Domain

Signal Transduction

Vinca Alkaloids

Cyclic P-Oxides

Enzyme Activation

Substrate Specificity

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Potency and mechanism of action of E4021, a type 5 phosphodiesterase isozyme-selective inhibitor, on the photoreceptor phosphodiesterase depend on the state of activation of the enzyme. (1/318)

cAMP-dependent induction of PDE5 expression in murine neuroblastoma cell differentiation. (2/318)

Inhibition of cyclic GMP-binding cyclic GMP-specific phosphodiesterase (Type 5) by sildenafil and related compounds. (3/318)

Improvement of mortality by long-term E4010 treatment in monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. (4/318)

Genomic origin and transcriptional regulation of two variants of cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterases. (5/318)

Studies of the molecular mechanism of discrimination between cGMP and cAMP in the allosteric sites of the cGMP-binding cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE5). (6/318)

Autoregulation of nitric oxide-soluble guanylate cyclase-cyclic GMP signalling in mouse thoracic aorta. (7/318)

Impaired cerebral vasodilator responses to NO and PDE V inhibition after subarachnoid hemorrhage. (8/318)

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