Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases type 4. Medical search

A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily. The three members of this family are referred to as type 1A, type 1B, and type 1C and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition, multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing. Although the type 1 enzymes are classified as 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17), some members of this class have additional specificity for CYCLIC GMP.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells and may play a role in the regulation of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY. The enzyme family includes over twenty different variants that occur due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of the mRNA of at least four different genes.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is inhibited by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme and through phosphorylation by regulatory kinases such as PROTEIN KINASE A and PROTEIN KINASE B. The two members of this family are referred to as type 3A, and type 3B, and are each product of a distinct gene. In addition multiple enzyme variants of each subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is activated by the binding of CYCLIC GMP to an allosteric domain found on the enzyme. Multiple enzyme variants of this subtype can be produced due to multiple alternative mRNA splicing. The subfamily is expressed in a broad variety of tissues and may play a role in mediating cross-talk between CYCLIC GMP and CYCLIC CMP pathways. Although the type 2 enzymes are classified as 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17), members of this class have additional specificity for CYCLIC GMP.

A class of enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of one of the two ester bonds in a phosphodiester compound. EC 3.1.4.

Nucleoside-2',3'-cyclic phosphate nucleotidohydrolase. Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of the 2'- or 3'- phosphate bonds of 2',3'-cyclic nucleotides. Also hydrolyzes nucleoside monophosphates. Includes EC 3.1.4.16 and EC 3.1.4.37. EC 3.1.4.-.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cyclic GMP to yield guanosine-5'-phosphate.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in vascular tissue and plays an important role in regulating VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC AMP. Several isoforms of the enzyme type exist, each with its own tissue localization. The isoforms are encoded by at least two genes and are a product of multiple alternative splicing of their mRNAs.

An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.

A phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor with antidepressant properties.

A potent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitor; due to this action, the compound increases cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP in tissue and thereby activates CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-REGULATED PROTEIN KINASES

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

A heat-stable, low-molecular-weight activator protein found mainly in the brain and heart. The binding of calcium ions to this protein allows this protein to bind to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases and to adenyl cyclase with subsequent activation. Thereby this protein modulates cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC GMP. It is found predominantly in the outer segment PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS of the RETINA. It is comprised of two catalytic subunits, referred to as alpha and beta, that form a dimer. In addition two regulatory subunits, referred to as gamma and delta, modulate the activity and localization of the enzyme.

The monomeric units from which DNA or RNA polymers are constructed. They consist of a purine or pyrimidine base, a pentose sugar, and a phosphate group. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 3.

Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4.

Inhibitor of phosphodiesterases.

N-(1-Oxobutyl)-cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate)-2'-butanoate guanosine. A derivative of cyclic GMP. It has a higher resistance to extracellular and intracellular phosphodiesterase than cyclic GMP.

A methyl xanthine derivative from tea with diuretic, smooth muscle relaxant, bronchial dilation, cardiac and central nervous system stimulant activities. Theophylline inhibits the 3',5'-CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE that degrades CYCLIC AMP thus potentiates the actions of agents that act through ADENYLYL CYCLASES and cyclic AMP.

A phosphoric diester hydrolase that removes 5'-nucleotides from the 3'-hydroxy termini of 3'-hydroxy-terminated OLIGONUCLEOTIDES. It has low activity towards POLYNUCLEOTIDES and the presence of 3'-phosphate terminus on the substrate may inhibit hydrolysis.

A subgroup of cyclic nucleotide-regulated ION CHANNELS within the superfamily of pore-loop cation channels. They are expressed in OLFACTORY NERVE cilia and in PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS and some PLANTS.

Enzymes that catalyze the cleavage of a phosphorus-oxygen bond by means other than hydrolysis or oxidation. EC 4.6.

A positive inotropic cardiotonic agent with vasodilator properties. It inhibits cAMP phosphodiesterase type 3 activity in myocardium and vascular smooth muscle. Milrinone is a derivative of amrinone and has 20-30 times the inotropic potency of amrinone.

A cyclic nucleotide derivative that mimics the action of endogenous CYCLIC AMP and is capable of permeating the cell membrane. It has vasodilator properties and is used as a cardiac stimulant. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A group of compounds that are derivatives of oxo-pyrrolidines. A member of this group is 2-oxo pyrrolidine, which is an intermediate in the manufacture of polyvinylpyrrolidone. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A group of enzymes that are dependent on CYCLIC AMP and catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues on proteins. Included under this category are two cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase subtypes, each of which is defined by its subunit composition.

A group of cyclic GMP-dependent enzymes that catalyze the phosphorylation of SERINE or THREONINE residues of proteins.

An enzyme of the lyase class that catalyzes the formation of CYCLIC AMP and pyrophosphate from ATP. EC 4.6.1.1.

Systems in which an intracellular signal is generated in response to an intercellular primary messenger such as a hormone or neurotransmitter. They are intermediate signals in cellular processes such as metabolism, secretion, contraction, phototransduction, and cell growth. Examples of second messenger systems are the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system, the phosphatidylinositol diphosphate-inositol triphosphate system, and the cyclic GMP system.

An alkaloid found in opium but not closely related to the other opium alkaloids in its structure or pharmacological actions. It is a direct-acting smooth muscle relaxant used in the treatment of impotence and as a vasodilator, especially for cerebral vasodilation. The mechanism of its pharmacological actions is not clear, but it apparently can inhibit phosphodiesterases and it may have direct actions on calcium channels.

Inosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). An inosine nucleotide which acts as a mild inhibitor of the hydrolysis of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and as an inhibitor of cat heart cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Potent activator of the adenylate cyclase system and the biosynthesis of cyclic AMP. From the plant COLEUS FORSKOHLII. Has antihypertensive, positive inotropic, platelet aggregation inhibitory, and smooth muscle relaxant activities; also lowers intraocular pressure and promotes release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

Compounds that specifically inhibit PHOSPHODIESTERASE 5.

A long-acting derivative of cyclic AMP. It is an activator of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, but resistant to degradation by cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase.

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Isopropyl analog of EPINEPHRINE; beta-sympathomimetic that acts on the heart, bronchi, skeletal muscle, alimentary tract, etc. It is used mainly as bronchodilator and heart stimulant.

Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

A group of indole-indoline dimers which are ALKALOIDS obtained from the VINCA genus of plants. They inhibit polymerization of TUBULIN into MICROTUBULES thus blocking spindle formation and arresting cells in METAPHASE. They are some of the most useful ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (1/531)

The extracellular receptor stimulated kinase ERK2 (p42(MAPK))-phosphorylated human cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 at Ser579 and profoundly reduced ( approximately 75%) its activity. These effects could be reversed by the action of protein phosphatase PP1. The inhibitory state of PDE4D3, engendered by ERK2 phosphorylation, was mimicked by the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3. In COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3, challenge with epidermal growth factor (EGF) caused the phosphorylation and inhibition of PDE4D3. This effect was blocked by the MEK inhibitor PD98059 and was not apparent using the Ser579-->Ala mutant form of PDE4D3. Challenge of HEK293 and F442A cells with EGF led to the PD98059-ablatable inhibition of endogenous PDE4D3 and PDE4D5 activities. EGF challenge of COS1 cells transfected to express PDE4D3 increased cAMP levels through a process ablated by PD98059. The activity of the Ser579-->Asp mutant form of PDE4D3 was increased by PKA phosphorylation. The transient form of the EGF-induced inhibition of PDE4D3 is thus suggested to be due to feedback regulation by PKA causing the ablation of the ERK2-induced inhibition of PDE4D3. We identify a novel means of cross-talk between the cAMP and ERK signalling pathways whereby cell stimuli that lead to ERK2 activation may modulate cAMP signalling. (+info)

Phosphorylation-mediated activation and translocation of the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. A potential mechanism allowing for the coordinated regulation of PDE4D activity and targeting. (2/531)

In this study, we describe a novel mechanism by which a protein kinase C (PKC)-mediated activation of the Raf-extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) cascade regulates the activity and membrane targeting of members of the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase D family (PDE4D). Using a combination of pharmacological and biochemical approaches, we show that increases in intracellular cAMP cause a protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation and activation of the two PDE4D variants expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells, namely PDE4D3 and PDE4D5. In addition, we show that stimulation of PKC via the associated activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK cascade results in the phosphorylation and activation of PDE4D3 in these cells. Furthermore, our studies demonstrate that simultaneous activation of both the protein kinase A and PKC-Raf-MEK-ERK pathways allows for a coordinated activation of PDE4D3 and for the translocation of the particulate PDE4D3 to the cytosolic fraction of these cells. These data are presented and discussed in the context of the activation of the Raf-MEK-ERK cascade acting to modulate the activation and subcellular targeting of PDE4D gene products mediated by cAMP. (+info)

IL-3 and IL-4 activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 3 (PDE3) and 4 (PDE4) by different mechanisms in FDCP2 myeloid cells. (3/531)

In FDCP2 myeloid cells, IL-4 activated cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases PDE3 and PDE4, whereas IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), and phorbol ester (PMA) selectively activated PDE4. IL-4 (not IL-3 or GM-CSF) induced tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin-receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) and its association with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K). TNF-alpha, AG-490 (Janus kinase inhibitor), and wortmannin (PI3-K inhibitor) inhibited activation of PDE3 and PDE4 by IL-4. TNF-alpha also blocked IL-4-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-2, but not of STAT6. AG-490 and wortmannin, not TNF-alpha, inhibited activation of PDE4 by IL-3. These results suggested that IL-4-induced activation of PDE3 and PDE4 was downstream of IRS-2/PI3-K, not STAT6, and that inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS molecules might be one mechnism whereby TNF-alpha could selectively regulate activities of cytokines that utilized IRS proteins as signal transducers. RO31-7549 (protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor) inhibited activation of PDE4 by PMA. IL-4, IL-3, and GM-CSF activated mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and protein kinase B via PI3-K signals; PMA activated only MAP kinase via PKC signals. The MAP kinase kinase (MEK-1) inhibitor PD98059 inhibited IL-4-, IL-3-, and PMA-induced activation of MAP kinase and PDE4, but not IL-4-induced activation of PDE3. In FDCP2 cells transfected with constitutively activated MEK, MAP kinase and PDE4, not PDE3, were activated. Thus, in FDCP2 cells, PDE4 can be activated by overlapping MAP kinase-dependent pathways involving PI3-K (IL-4, IL-3, GM-CSF) or PKC (PMA), but selective activation of PDE3 by IL-4 is MAP kinase independent (but perhaps IRS-2/PI3-K dependent). (+info)

The RACK1 signaling scaffold protein selectively interacts with the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 isoform. (4/531)

The WD-repeat protein receptor for activated C-kinase (RACK1) was identified by its interaction with the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE4) isoform PDE4D5 in a yeast two-hybrid screen. The interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation of native RACK1 and PDE4D5 from COS7, HEK293, 3T3-F442A, and SK-N-SH cell lines. The interaction was unaffected by stimulation of the cells with the phorbol ester phorbol 2-myristate 3-acetate. PDE4D5 did not interact with two other WD-repeat proteins, beta'-coatomer protein and Gsbeta, in two-hybrid tests. RACK1 did not interact with other PDE4D isoforms or with known PDE4A, PDE4B, and PDE4C isoforms. PDE4D5 and RACK1 interacted with high affinity (Ka approximately 7 nM) [corrected] when they were expressed and purified from Escherichia coli, demonstrating that the interaction does not require intermediate proteins. The binding of the E. coli-expressed proteins did not alter the kinetics of cAMP hydrolysis by PDE4D5 but caused a 3-4-fold change in its sensitivity to inhibition by the PDE4 selective inhibitor rolipram. The subcellular distributions of RACK1 and PDE4D5 were extremely similar, with the major amount of both proteins (70%) in the high speed supernatant (S2) fraction. Analysis of constructs with specific deletions or single amino acid mutations in PDE4D5 demonstrated that a small cluster of amino acids in the unique amino-terminal region of PDE4D5 was necessary for its interaction with RACK1. We suggest that RACK1 may act as a scaffold protein to recruit PDE4D5 and other proteins into a signaling complex. (+info)

Effects of XT-44, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in osteoblastgenesis and osteoclastgenesis in culture and its therapeutic effects in rat osteopenia models. (5/531)

We have reported that denbufylline, a phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor, inhibits bone loss in Walker256/S tumor-bearing rats, suggesting therapeutic potentiality of a PDE4 inhibitor in osteopenia. In the present study, effects of a new PDE4 inhibitor, 1-n-butyl-3-n-propylxanthine (XT-44), in bone were evaluated in cell cultures and animal experiments. In rat bone marrow culture, XT-44 stimulated mineralized-nodule formation, whereas it inhibited osteoclast-like cell formation in mouse bone marrow culture. In Walker256/S-bearing rats (6-week-old female Wistar Imamichi rats), rapid decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) was prominent, and oral administration of XT-44 (0.3 mg/kg, every 2 days) inhibited the decrease in BMD. In the second animal experiment, female Wistar rats (6-week-old) were sciatic neurectomized, and XT-44 was orally administered to these rats every 2 days for 4 weeks. XT-44 administration (0.3 mg/kg) recovered BMD in these neurectomized animals. Furthermore, 19-week-old, female Wistar rats were ovariectomized (OVX), and 15 weeks after surgery, these rats were orally administered XT-44 every 2 days for 8 weeks. XT-44 treatment (1 mg/kg) increased the BMD of OVX rats. These results indicate that XT-44 could be a candidate as a therapeutic drug for treating osteopenia including osteoporosis. (+info)

Characterization of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subtypes involved in the regulation of the L-type Ca2+ current in rat ventricular myocytes. (6/531)

The effects of several phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on the L-type Ca current (I(Ca)) and intracellular cyclic AMP concentration ([cAMP]i) were examined in isolated rat ventricular myocytes. The presence of mRNA transcripts encoding for the different cardiac PDE subtypes was confirmed by RT-PCR. IBMX (100 microM), a broad-spectrum PDE inhibitor, increased basal I(Ca) by 120% and [cAMP]i by 70%, similarly to a saturating concentration of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline (1 microM). However, MIMX (1 microM), a PDE1 inhibitor, EHNA (10 microM), a PDE2 inhibitor, cilostamide (0.1 microM), a PDE3 inhibitor, or Ro20-1724 (0.1 microM), a PDE4 inhibitor, had no effect on basal I(Ca) and little stimulatory effects on [cAMP]i (20-30%). Each selective PDE inhibitor was then tested in the presence of another inhibitor to examine whether a concomitant inhibition of two PDE subtypes had any effect on I(Ca) or [cAMP]i. While all combinations tested significantly increased [cAMP]i (40-50%), only cilostamide (0.1 microM)+ Ro20-1724 (0.1 microM) produced a significant stimulation of I(Ca) (50%). Addition of EHNA (10 microM) to this mix increased I(Ca) to 110% and [cAMP]i to 70% above basal, i.e. to similar levels as obtained with IBMX (100 microM) or isoprenaline (1 microM). When tested on top of a sub-maximal concentration of isoprenaline (1 nM), which increased I(Ca) by (approximately 40% and had negligible effect on [cAMP]i, each selective PDE inhibitor induced a clear stimulation of [cAMP]i and an additional increase in I(Ca). Maximal effects on I(Ca) were approximately 8% for MIMX (3 microM), approximately 20% for EHNA (1-3 microM), approximately 30% for cilostamide (0.3-1 microM) and approximately 50% for Ro20-1724 (0.1 microM). Our results demonstrate that PDE1-4 subtypes regulate I(Ca) in rat ventricular myocytes. While PDE3 and PDE4 are the dominant PDE subtypes involved in the regulation of basal I(Ca), all four PDE subtypes determine the response of I(Ca) to a stimulus activating cyclic AMP production, with the rank order of potency PDE4>PDE3>PDE2>PDE1. (+info)

A comparison of the inhibitory activity of PDE4 inhibitors on leukocyte PDE4 activity in vitro and eosinophil trafficking in vivo. (7/531)

1. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) 4 inhibitors have been shown to inhibit eosinophil PDE4 activity in vitro and accumulation of eosinophils in experimental airways inflammation. However, direct effects on eosinophil trafficking have not been studied in detail and it is not known if activity in vitro translates into efficacy in vivo. In the present study, we compared the activity of five PDE4 inhibitors in vitro and against trafficking of (111)In-eosinophils in cutaneous inflammation in the guinea-pig. 2. The rank order of potency for inhibition of PDE4 activity in guinea-pig eosinophil, neutrophil and macrophage, and human neutrophil lysates was RP73401 > SB207499 >CDP840 > rolipram > LAS31025. On TNFalpha production by human PBMC, all inhibitors with the exception of rolipram showed potency similar to their effect on neutrophil lysates. 3. In a brain cerebellum binding assay, the rank order of potency at displacing [3H]-rolipram was RP73401 > rolipram > SB207499 > CDP840 > LAS30125. 4. Trafficking of (111)In-eosinophils to skin sites injected with PAF, ZAP or antigen in sensitized sites was inhibited by oral administration of all PDE4 inhibitors. The rank order of potency was RP73401 = rolipram > LAS31025 > SB207499 > CDP840. 5. With the exception was RP73401, which was the most potent compound in all assays, there was no clear relationship between activity of PDE4 inhibitors in vitro and capacity to inhibit eosinophil trafficking in vivo. Thus, we conclude that in vitro activity of PDE4 inhibitors does not predict in vivo efficacy in an experimental model of eosinophil trafficking. (+info)

Mechanisms involved in the regulation of free fatty acid release from isolated human fat cells by acylation-stimulating protein and insulin. (8/531)

The effects of acylation-stimulating protein (ASP) and insulin on free fatty acid (FFA) release from isolated human fat cells and the signal transduction pathways to induce these effects were studied. ASP and insulin inhibited basal and norepinephrine-induced FFA release by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification (both to the same extent) and by inhibiting FFA produced during lipolysis (ASP to a lesser extent than insulin). Protein kinase C inhibition influenced none of the effects of ASP or insulin. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibition counteracted the effects of insulin but not of ASP. Phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) activity was stimulated by ASP and insulin, whereas PDE4 activity was slightly increased by ASP only. Selective PDE3 inhibition reversed the effects of both ASP and insulin on fractional FFA re-esterification and lipolysis. Selective PDE4 inhibition slightly counteracted the ASP but not the effect of insulin on fractional FFA re-esterification and did not prevent the action of ASP or insulin on lipolysis. Thus, ASP and insulin play a major role in regulating FFA release from fat cells as follows: insulin by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification and inhibiting lipolysis and ASP mainly by stimulating fractional FFA re-esterification. For both ASP and insulin these effects on FFA release are mediated by PDE3, and for ASP PDE4 might also be involved. The signaling pathway preceding PDE is not known for ASP but involves phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase for insulin. (+info)

"Functional and biochemical evidence for diazepam as a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor". British Journal of ... Barad M, Bourtchouladze R, Winder DG, Golan H, Kandel E (1998). "Rolipram, a type IV-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, ... Dinter, H (February 2000). "Phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitors: potential in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?". BioDrugs. ... Moustafa, F; Feldman, SR (16 May 2014). "A Review of Phosphodiesterase-Inhibition and the Potential Role for Phosphodiesterase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase-4_inhibitor

The protein encoded by this gene belongs to the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family, and PDE4 subfamily. This PDE ... of a human cytosolic type-IVA, cyclic AMP specific phosphodiesterase (hPDE-IVA-h6.1)". Cellular Signalling. 6 (7): 793-812. doi ... Zhou L, Thompson WJ, Potter DE (Jul 1999). "Multiple cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in human trabecular meshwork cells" ( ... Horton YM, Sullivan M, Houslay MD (Jun 1995). "Molecular cloning of a novel splice variant of human type IVA (PDE-IVA) cyclic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE4A

... cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases ARF1 (ADP Ribosylation factor 1) A type (Kv4.3; Shal-related subfamily, member 3) voltage- ... The designation 'NCS-1' came from the assumption that the protein was expressed only in neuronal cell types, which is not the ... type III phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase β) IP3 receptor (this activity is inhibited by lithium - a drug used for the treatment ... 27 (4): 203-9. doi:10.1016/j.tins.2004.01.010. PMID 15046879. S2CID 24156457. Dason JS, Romero-Pozuelo J, Marin L, Iyengar BG, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuronal_calcium_sensor-1

September 2003). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity, expression, and targeting in cells of the cardiovascular system ... PDE3A can be either membrane-associated or cytosolic, depending on the variant and the cell type it is expressed in. PDE3A and ... Lugnier C (March 2006). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily: a new target for the development of specific ... WO 03012030, Movsesian M, "Isoform-Selective Inhibitors and Activators of PDE3 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases", published ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_3

Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase, a myelin-associated enzyme that makes up 4% of total CNS myelin protein Chronic ... nonbacterial prostatitis, a pelvic pain condition affecting men c-type Natriuretic Peptide, a vasoactive hormone Certified ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNP

Essayan DM (November 2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 (5): ... "Effect of pentoxifylline on diabetic distal polyneuropathy in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized trial". Journal of ... Like other methylated xanthine derivatives, pentoxifylline is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which ... the effects of non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibition". Clinics. 63 (3): 321-328. doi:10.1590/S1807-59322008000300006. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentoxifylline

"Differential activation and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase". Advances in Cyclic ... Cyclic guanosine monophosphate-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 is an enzyme (EC 3.1.4.17) from the phosphodiesterase class. ... Fertel R, Weiss B (July 1976). "Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat lung" ( ... Weiss B, Hait WN (1977). "Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents". Annual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGMP-specific_phosphodiesterase_type_5

He is best known for his work with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. He was the first to propose, based on his experimental ... He showed that a single cell type may contain more than one form of phosphodiesterase [6,7] and that different forms of ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases: Weiss and co-workers developed rapid phosphodiesterease assays [3, 4], separated ... Weiss, B. and Winchurch, R.A.: Analyses of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases in lymphocytes from normal and aged leukemic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Weiss_(scientist)

This export contributes to the degradation of phosphodiesterases and possibly an elimination pathway for cyclic nucleotides. ... "cDNA cloning of a short type of multidrug resistance protein homologue, SMRP, from a human lung cancer cell line". Biochemical ... This protein functions in the cellular export of its substrate, cyclic nucleotides. ... a transporter for cyclic nucleotides, in human placenta and cultured human trophoblasts: effects of gestational age and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ABCC5

... cAMP binds to and regulates the function of ion channels such as the HCN channels and a few other cyclic nucleotide-binding ... cyclic monophosphate (8-Br-cAMP) Acrasin specific to chemotactic use in Dictyostelium discoideum. phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE 4) ... If a cell lacks GM1 the toxin most likely binds to other types of glycans, such as Lewis Y and Lewis X, attached to proteins ... Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP, or 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a second messenger important in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_adenosine_monophosphate

... cyclic-nucleotide 2′-phosphodiesterase EC 3.1.4.17: 3′,5′-cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase EC 3.1.4.18: Now EC 3.1.16.1, ... type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease EC 3.1.21.4: type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease EC 3.1.21.5: type III site-specific ... cyclic-GMP phosphodiesterase EC 3.1.4.36: Now with EC 3.1.4.43 EC 3.1.4.37: 2′,3′-cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase EC 3.1 ... phosphodiesterase * EC 3.1.4.59: cyclic-di-AMP phosphodiesterase * EC 3.1.4.60: pApA phosphodiesterase * EC 3.1.4.61: cyclic 2, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)

Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase. Moreover, oligodendrocytes also developed and migrated into fiber bundles in mice when ... Using doses between 1 μM to 3 μM of RA can generate neurons as the most abundant cell type. Neurons under this treatment ... The cell line is pluripotent and can differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers. Also, it is the most characterized ... At concentration of 0.5-1% DMSO induced P19 cells to aggregate and process mesodermal and endodermal cell types. The cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P19_cell

... is a cyclic nucleotide derivative which mimics the action of endogenous cAMP and is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. ... The effect of bucladesine as a cAMP analog has been studied on the pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure in the wild-type mice. The ... Bucladesine (50-100nM/mouse) showed significant attenuation in the morphine withdrawal syndrome in the wild-type mice. In ... Nucleotides, Carboxamides, PDE3 inhibitors, All stub articles, Cardiovascular system drug stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bucladesine

It is one of many ubiquitous nucleotide second messengers including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), cyclic guanosine ... "The helicase DDX41 recognizes the bacterial secondary messengers cyclic di-GMP and cyclic di-AMP to activate a type I ... Phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes degrade cyclic di-AMP to the linear molecule 5'-pApA (phosphadenylyl adenosine). 5'-pApA is ... "Cyclic nucleotides in archaea: Cyclic di-AMP in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii and its putative role". MicrobiologyOpen. 8 (9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_di-AMP

"Cryo-EM structure of phosphodiesterase 6 reveals insights into the allosteric regulation of type I phosphodiesterases". Science ... Journal of Cyclic Nucleotide Research. 2 (3): 139-48. PMID 6493. Keeler, CE (20 March 1928). "The Geotropic Reaction of Rodless ... "Cryo-EM structure of phosphodiesterase 6 reveals insights into the allosteric regulation of type I phosphodiesterases". Science ... Rod cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase subunit beta is the beta subunit of the protein complex PDE6 that is encoded ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE6B

1998). "Identification and characterization of a novel cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase gene (PDE9A) that maps to 21q22.3: ... "Identification and characterization of a new human type 9 cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase splice variant (PDE9A5). Differential ... High affinity cGMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 9A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE9A gene. The ... "Entrez Gene: PDE9A phosphodiesterase 9A". Verhoest PR, Fonseca KR, Hou X, et al. (2012). "Design and discovery of 6-[(3S,4S)-4- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE9A

2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 (5): 671-80. doi:10.1067/mai ... Jan 2012). "Neuroprotective efficacy of quinazoline type phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitors in cellular cultures and experimental ... Fertel R, Weiss B (1976). "Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat lung". Mol. ... Weiss B (1975). "Differential activation and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase". Adv. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor

Cyclic nucleotides can be found in many different types of eukaryotic cells, including photo-receptor rods and cones, smooth ... cAMP's role in this process terminates upon hydrolysis to AMP by phosphodiesterase. Cyclic nucleotides are well-suited to act ... The two most well-studied cyclic nucleotides are cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cyclic GMP (cGMP), while cyclic CMP (cCMP) and cyclic ... A cyclic nucleotide (cNMP) is a single-phosphate nucleotide with a cyclic bond arrangement between the sugar and phosphate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_nucleotide

Essayan DM (November 2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 (5): ... Paraxanthine is a phosphodiesterase type 9 (PDE9) inhibitor and it is sold as a research molecule for this same purpose. ... Paraxanthine is a selective inhibitor of cGMP-preferring phosphodiesterase (PDE9) activity and is hypothesized to increase ... Paraxanthine is a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor which raises intracellular cAMP, activates PKA, inhibits ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine

Cyclic GMP possibly opens cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) K+-selective channels, thereby causing hyperpolarization of the ... Kong, N., Xu, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, Y., Hao, X., Zhao, Y., Qiao, J., Xia, G. and Zhang, M. (2017) Natriuretic peptide type C ... The cGMP signal is terminated by the hydrolysis of cGMP through phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and inactivation of GC. On ... The consequential hyperpolarization activates hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_chemotaxis

White matter Schwann cells 2',3'-Cyclic-nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase (CNPase) List of human cell types derived from the germ ... Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cell. They arise during development from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which can ... They are the last cell type to be generated in the central nervous system (CNS). Oligodendrocytes were discovered by Pío del ... Oligodendrocytes (from Greek 'cells with a few branches'), or oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose main functions are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oligodendrocyte

Kaupp UB, Seifert R (July 2002). "Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels". Physiol. Rev. 82 (3): 769-824. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.319. ... Further effects mainly depend on cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which vary based on the type of cell. cAMP-dependent pathway is ... Molecules that inhibit the cAMP pathway include: cAMP phosphodiesterase converts cAMP into AMP by breaking the phosphodiester ... Increases in concentration of the second messenger cAMP may lead to the activation of cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMP-dependent_pathway

Differential Activation and Inhibition of the Multiple Forms of Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase. Advances in Cyclic ... is a vasodilating drug that works by blocking the degradative action of cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) on cyclic ... Fertel R, Weiss B (July 1976). "Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat lung". ... Weiss B, Hait WN (1977). "Selective cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents". Annual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE5_inhibitor

"Myomegalin is a novel protein of the golgi/centrosome that interacts with a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase". The Journal ... These proteins degrade the second messenger cAMP, which is a key signal transduction molecule in multiple cell types, including ... "Myomegalin is a novel protein of the golgi/centrosome that interacts with a cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase". The Journal ... cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4D is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4D gene. The PDE4D gene is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE4D

Cyclic GMP possibly opens cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) K+-selective channels, thereby causing hyperpolarization of the ... The cGMP signal is terminated by the hydrolysis of cGMP through phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity and inactivation of GC. On ... They include the chemokine CCL20, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), specific odorants, natriuretic peptide type C (NPPC), and ... The consequential hyperpolarization activates hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_guidance

Lugnier C (March 2006). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily: a new target for the development of specific ... The catalytic domains of phosphodiesterase 1 (and other types of phosphodiesterases) have three helical subdomains: an N- ... Kakkar R, Raju RV, Sharma RK (July 1999). "Calmodulin-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE1)". Cell. Mol. Life ... Dousa TP (January 1999). "Cyclic-3′,5′-nucleotide phosphodiesterase isozymes in cell biology and pathophysiology of the kidney ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE1

Lugnier, C. (2006). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) superfamily: A new target for the development of specific ... "Phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor use in type 2 diabetes is associated with a reduction in all-cause mortality". Heart. 102 ( ... Yu, J. Y.; Kang, K. K. & Yoo, M. (2006). "Erectile potentials of a new phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor, DA-8159, in diet- ... McMahon, C. G.; McMahon, C. N.; Leow, L. J. & Winestock, C. G. (2006). "Efficacy of type-5 phosphodiesterase inhibitors in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discovery_and_development_of_phosphodiesterase_5_inhibitors

Essayan DM (November 2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases" (PDF). The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 ( ... Caffeine content in coffee varies widely depending on the type of coffee bean and the method of preparation used; even beans ... Caffeine also increases cyclic AMP levels through nonselective inhibition of phosphodiesterase. Caffeine is a bitter, white ... As a competitive nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor, caffeine raises intracellular cyclic AMP, activates protein kinase A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine

This G protein subunit activates a taste phosphodiesterase and decreases cyclic nucleotide levels. Further steps in the ... taste+receptors,+type+1 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) taste+receptors,+type+2 at the ... The HCN channels were such a proposal; as they are cyclic nucleotide-gated channels. The two ion channels now suggested to ... Type 1, sweet, first characterized in 2001: TAS1R2 - TAS1R3 Type 2, bitter, first characterized in 2000: In humans there are 25 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste_receptor

"Biochemistry and physiology of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases: essential components in cyclic nucleotide signaling". ... Phosphodiesterase enzymes have been shown to be different in different types of cells, including normal and leukemic ... Usually, phosphodiesterase refers to cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, which have great clinical significance and are ... "Differential activation and inhibition of the multiple forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase". Advances in Cyclic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase

This compound is a potent inhibitor of cGMP specific phosphodiesterase type 5, the enzyme that degrades the signalling molecule ... This block of nucleotide biosynthesis is selectively toxic to rapidly growing cells, therefore methotrexate is often used in ... cyclic guanosine monophosphate. This signalling molecule triggers smooth muscle relaxation and allows blood flow into the ... 381-382 Although it is possible for mixed-type inhibitors to bind in the active site, this type of inhibition generally results ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor

This gene is a member of the type IV, cyclic AMP (cAMP)-specific, cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) family. Cyclic ... The cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate the cellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and thereby play a ... cAMP-specific 3',5'-cyclic phosphodiesterase 4B is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PDE4B gene. ... "Entrez Gene: PDE4B phosphodiesterase 4B, cAMP-specific (phosphodiesterase E4 dunce homolog, Drosophila)". Swerdlow, Neal R. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE4B

Phosphodiesterases break down cAMP, producing an inhibitory effect in neurons. KORs also couple to inward-rectifier potassium ... Tallent M, Dichter MA, Bell GI, Reisine T (December 1994). "The cloned kappa opioid receptor couples to an N-type calcium ... an in vivo fast-cyclic voltammetry study". The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 284 (1): 151-61. PMID ... on the mouse R1.1 thymoma cell line is coupled to adenylyl cyclase through a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Κ-opioid_receptor

... resulting in the closing of Na+ cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels (CNGs). Thus the cell is hyperpolarised. The amount of ... There are two types of centre-surround structures in the retina - on-centres and off-centres. On-centres have a positively ... This in turn causes the Ga-subunit of the protein to activate a phosphodiesterase (PDE6), which degrades cGMP, ... Although each cell type differentiates from the RPCs in a sequential order, there is considerable overlap in the timing of when ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retina

... s are a type of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. Inhibition of the PDE isoenzyme 3 leads to an increase of ... Most studies used analogues of the nucleotide substrates or derivatives of natural product inhibitors such as xanthine (e.g. ... intracellular concentrations of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). cAMP mediates the phosphorylation ... A PDE3 inhibitor is a drug which inhibits the action of the phosphodiesterase enzyme PDE3. They are used for the therapy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE3_inhibitor

"Cyclic GMP from the surrounding somatic cells regulates cyclic AMP and meiosis in the mouse oocyte". Development. 136 (11): ... The pathway is further refined to include context-specific annotations such as species, cell/tissue type, or disease type. The ... A new mode of data visualization including time-course, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), and splicing, has been ... and are regulated by the phosphodiesterase (PDE). This pathway can be triggered via two mechanisms: physiological stimulus ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biochemical_cascade

The number is the position of the nucleotide from the 5' end; the first letter represents the wild-type nucleotide, and the ... Whole genome sequencing results revealed that when Cyclic-di-AMP phosphodiesterase (GdpP) was disrupted in this bacterium, it ... The nomenclature specifies the type of mutation and base or amino acid changes. Nucleotide substitution (e.g., 76A>T) - ... These type of mutation have led to new types of fruits, such as the "Delicious" apple and the "Washington" navel orange. Human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutation

Unstimulated (in the dark), cyclic-nucleotide gated channels in the outer segment are open because cyclic GMP (cGMP) is bound ... Rather, it is the ratios of responses of the three types of cone cells that can estimate wavelength, and therefore enable color ... Each transducin then activates the enzyme cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase (PDE). PDE then catalyzes the hydrolysis of cGMP to 5 ... resulting in the closure of cyclic nucleotide-gated Na+ ion channels located in the photoreceptor outer segment membrane. As a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoreceptor_cell

... interacts with the delta subunit of rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ... April 2007). "A novel gene for Usher syndrome type 2: mutations in the long isoform of whirlin are associated with retinitis ... characteristic of the highly conserved guanine nucleotide exchange factors. Mutations in this gene have been associated with X- ... interacts with the delta subunit of rod cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinitis_pigmentosa_GTPase_regulator

Kroll, S.; Phillips, W. J.; Cerione, R. A. (1989). "The regulation of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase by the GDP-bound form of ... Fung, BKK; Hurley, JB; Stryer, L (1981). "Flow of information in the light-triggered cyclic nucleotide cascade of vision". ... It is a type of heterotrimeric G-protein with different α subunits in rod and cone photoreceptors. Light leads to ... Transducin activates phosphodiesterase, which results in the breakdown of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The intensity ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transducin

Bifulco M, Laezza C, Stingo S, Wolff J (February 2002). "2',3'-Cyclic nucleotide 3'-phosphodiesterase: a membrane-bound, ... Mutations to the TUBA1A gene manifest clinically as Type 3 Lissencephaly. In general, lissencephaly is characterized by agyria ... with respect to wild-type counterparts), showing that the S140G mutation has value as a model for detailing disease associated ... while attribution to a specific type is obtained by microarray. Treatment is symptomatic; anti-convulsive drugs for seizure ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin_alpha-1A_chain

cGAMP was found to be much more potent than other cyclic di-nucleotides (c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP). cGAMP was shown to ... STING's general role as an adapter molecule in the cytosolic DNA-type 1 IFN response across cell types has been suggested to ... phosphodiesterases. Other advantages of the unique 2'-5' linkage may be that cGAMP is able to bind multiple allelic variants of ... Cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) is a cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) and the first to be found in metazoans. Other CDNs (c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CGAS–STING_cytosolic_DNA_sensing_pathway

Methylxanthines such as caffeine inhibit the action of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase, which normally acts to break down ... Symptoms must also not have a more likely clinical cause, such as another type of anxiety disorder, come before the ingestion ... Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, or cAMP, is a second messenger important in many cellular processes and is a critical factor in ... Adenosine acts on A1 receptors to decrease opening of N-type Ca2+ channels in some hippocampal neurons, and therefore decrease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caffeine-induced_anxiety_disorder

It has been shown in studies that transport of HCN (hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide) gated channel isoforms to ... Adult rats with infant febrile seizures were treated with Rolipram, a specific phosphodiesterase type IV inhibitor (PDE4 ... type 2 and type 3 Gaucher disease GM1 gangliosidosis and GM2 gangliosidosis This swelling is shown, for instance, in Tay-Sachs ... Two types of dendrites present on pyramidal cells are apical and basal dendrites. Apical dendrites are the most distal along ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apical_dendrite

Type 4A. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4A5. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4B. Cyclic Nucleotide ... Type 4C. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4D. Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4D3. PDE de type 4. ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4A5 - Plus spécifique Concept UI. M0370964. Terme préféré. Cyclic Nucleotide ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4D3 - Plus spécifique Concept UI. M0264075. Terme préféré. Cyclic Nucleotide ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/fr/ths/resource/?id=52679

Cloning and localization of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel family in rat brain. Monteggia, L. ... Differential expression and regulation of the cAMP-selective phosphodiesterase type 4A splice variants in rat brain by chronic ... Eisch, A. J. & Marshall, J. F., Dec 1998, In: Synapse. 30, 4, p. 433-445 13 p.. Research output: Contribution to journal › ... 4 othersTamminga, C. A., Cooper, D. C., Gershenfeld, H. K. & Nestler, E. J., Oct 19 2007, In: Cell. 131, 2, p. 391-404 14 p.. ...

https://utsouthwestern.elsevierpure.com/en/persons/amelia-j-eisch/publications/?ordering=publicationYearThenTitle&descending=false

AngII/AT1R might induce an inflammatory-burst in COVID-19 response by up-regulating cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type 4 ... and future work should consider the use of other ECIG device types and a combination of methods to verify and quantify ECIG use ... PDE4), which hydrolyses specifically the second intracellular messenger 3, 5-cyclic AMP (cAMP). It must be pointed out that ... FINDINGS: There was a significant difference in 7-day PPA at week 4 among women [PRO: 18 (35.3%) versus PBO: 9 (17.3%), odds ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/portal/?lang=pt&q=mh:Fumar+Cigarros/tratamento+farmacol%C3%B3gico

CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE 1984-2007 BX - Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type I MH - Cyclic Nucleotide ... CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE 1986-2007, for CALMODULIN PHOSPHODIESTERASE use 3,5-CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE ... A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for CYCLIC AMP. Several isoforms of the enzyme type ... class have additional specificity for CYCLIC-GMP. HN - 2008(2000) MH - Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3 UI - ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/dcsnew2008.txt

Distinctive anatomical patterns of gene expression for cGMP-inhibited cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases. Reinhardt, R. R., ... Distinct heparan sulfate compositions in wild-type and pipe-mutant eggshell matrix. Park, Y., Zhang, Z., Linhardt, R. J. & ... Distinct growth phases in early life associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes: The teddy study. TEDDY study group, Mar 1 ... Distinct muscle apoptotic pathways are activated in muscles with different fiber types in a rat model of critical illness ...

https://augusta.elsevierpure.com/en/publications/?showAdvanced=false&allConcepts=true&inferConcepts=true&publicationYear=2012&publicationYear=2013&publicationYear=2014&publicationYear=2016&publicationYear=2018&publicationYear=2019&format=&nofollow=true&ordering=type&descending=false&page=227

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1B*Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1B. *Phosphodiesterase 1B, Calmodulin- ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1C*Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1C. *Phosphodiesterase 1C, Calmodulin- ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1A*Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1A. *Phosphodiesterase 1A, Calmodulin- ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1*Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1. *Calmodulin-Dependent cGMP ...

https://profiles.uchicago.edu/profiles/display/32242

I am studying 23 cyclic nucleotide 3 phosphodiesterase ( cnp) is a oligodedrocyte, that means that it mylinates but how? Also ... Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to Ryan Kas post "Are all axons in the CNS ..." ...

https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/nervous-system-and-sensory-infor/neural-cells-and-neurotransmitters/v/oligodendrocytes

Plays a role in signal transduction by regulating the intracellular concentration of cyclic nucleotides. This phosphodiesterase ... Spectrum Type. Description. Splash Key. Deposition Date. Source. View. Predicted LC-MS/MS. Predicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Cobalt ... 7. cGMP-specific 3,5-cyclic phosphodiesterase. General function:. Involved in catalytic activity. Specific function:. ... 5. S-adenosylmethionine synthase isoform type-1. General function:. Involved in methionine adenosyltransferase activity. ...

https://hmdb.ca/metabolites/HMDB0000608

... cyclic-nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNPase), Fyn kinase and tau [12C14], and the like. As morphological differentiation is ... Two types of (missing Dst-A1 and -A2) and (missing all neuronal isoforms), possess peripheral myelination abnormalities which ... equipment for extensive evaluation of the type of the OLs had been missing at the proper period, leaving conclusions regarding ... The denseness of myelinated g-ratios and axons of optic nerves was regular, as was myelin 1021950-26-4 fundamental protein ...

http://www.bio2009.org/2017/08/01/oligodendrocyte-differentiation-and-central-anxious-program-myelination-require-massive-reorganization-from/

Kambayashi T, Jacob CO, Zhou D, Mazurek N, Fong M, Strassmann G: Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase type IV participates in ... In addition, the selective inhibition of phosphodiesterase type IV by rolipram was found to augment LPS-induced IL-10 ... also inhibiting the synthesis of type I and type III collagen by fibroblast cells [28]. ... Histological studies of synovium in RA have indicated that this tissue is very cellular, and that several different cell types ...

https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar556

I. The neuronal response of cyclic nucleotides. J Gen Physiol 97:1-16. ... A, Wild-type M71 OR locus (1) showing the unmodified M71coding sequence (light blue box) is shown with theM71-IRES-tauGFP ... To rule out the latter possibility, OSNs were tested with the phosphodiesterase inhibitor IBMX and the adenylyl cyclase ... 1997) Calcium entry through cyclic nucleotide-gated channels in individual cilia of olfactory receptor cells: spatiotemporal ...

https://www.jneurosci.org/content/22/8/3033?ijkey=f24c505546709c154d7dd137e7ff22db5065cc83&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

1995) Alternative splicing of the type-IVA cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase gene provides isoform variants with distinct N-terminal ... Michie, A.M. , Harnett, M.M. and Houslay, M.D. (1997) Cyclic nucleotide signalling throughout T cell maturation. In: Harnett, M ... 1995) Alternative splicing of the type-IVA cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase gene provides isoform variants with distinct N-terminal ... Michie, A.M. , Harnett, M.M. and Houslay, M.D. (1997) Cyclic nucleotide signalling throughout T cell maturation. In: Harnett, M ...

https://www.gla.ac.uk/schools/cancersciences/staff/alisonmichie/

Mutations in genes encoding for subunits of the rod-specific enzyme cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) phosphodiesterase 6 ( ... that act to hydrolyze cGMP for the closure of the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels (4, 6). In Pde6 mutants, rod death has ... Cell type-specific metabolic reprogramming can rejuvenate aerobic glycolytic balance within the eye and rescue vision. ... Retinal degeneration in mice lacking the gamma subunit of the rod cGMP phosphodiesterase. Science. 1996;272(5264):1026-1029. ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/139239

Among the 11 isoforms of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the most important are the PDE3 and PDE5 isoforms, which degrade cyclic ... leading to the conversion of guanosine triphosphate nucleotide into cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). The increase in ... or nitric oxide synthase type 3) is the most extensively studied enzyme in persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn ( ... 9, 10] cGMP is down-regulated by phosphodiesterase 5 activity. Phosphodiesterase 5, which is abundantly expressed in lung ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/898437-overview

... "cyclic nucleotide-binding domain protein [Ensembl]. Cyclic nucleotide-binding domain [Interproscan].","protein_coding" " ... ","type IV secretion system ATPase VirB4 [Ensembl]. F pilus assembly Type-IV secretion system for plasmid transfer [ ... ","acyl carrier protein phosphodiesterase [Ensembl]. Flavodoxin-like fold [Interproscan].","protein_coding" "AKI48620","L2625_ ... ","putative helix-turn-helix, AraC type [Ensembl]. AraC-like ligand binding domain, Helix-turn-helix domain, AraC-type ...

https://bacteria.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/go/sequences/table/24159

G-protein-gated or cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) ion channels, transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channels, and water ( ... kinases/phosphodiesterases (i.e. Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, phosphodiesterase 2A, cGMP-stimulated) and G- ... This type of modification are common between members of the small G-proteins family, including Ras and Rab proteins involved in ... Lipid rafts have been found in most cell types, from epithelial cells to neurons, and share essential chemical and physical ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/74235

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1 [D08.811.277.352.640.150.100] Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1 ... 3,5-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase 3,5-Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 3,5-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterase 3,5-Cyclic- ... 3,5 Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterases 3,5 Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 3,5 Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 3,5-Cyclic ... Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase, 3,5-Cyclic Phosphodiesterase, 3,5-Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase, 3,5-Cyclic Nucleotide ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=31725

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6. A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is highly specific for ... RhodopsinEye ProteinsRod OpsinsRetinal PigmentsArrestinOpsinsTransducinCyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6Recoverin ... Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels. A subgroup of cyclic nucleotide-regulated ION CHANNELS within the superfamily of pore- ... ExperimentalPigment Epithelium of EyeCyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect ...

https://lookformedical.com/en/search/photoreceptor-cells

Name: cyclic nucleotide binding domain containing 1. Type: Gene. Species: Mus musculus (mouse) ... Name: phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide. Synonyms: rd, r, Pdeb, rd10, rd1 ... When maintaining a live colony, heterozygous mice may be bred together, bred with wild-type siblings, or bred with C57BL/6J ... Recovered litter4; additional fees for any special requests.. Cryopreserved material may be available upon request, please ...

https://www.mmrrc.org/catalog/sds.php?mmrrc_id=38662

Fung BK, Hurley JB, Stryer L. Flow of information in the light-triggered cyclic nucleotide cascade of vision. Proc Natl Acad ... Hurley JB, Stryer L. Purification and characterization of the gamma regulatory subunit of the cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase from ... a Retinal layers and associated cell types: rod (pink), cone (purple), bipolar (lilac), Müller (gray), ganglion (blue) cells. ... Kaupp UB, Seifert R. Cyclic nucleotide-gated ion channels. Physiol Rev. 2002;82:769-824. ...

https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-017-0171-2

Artocarpesin increased the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate ... Haslam RJ, Dickinson NT, Jang EK (1999) Cyclic nucleotides and phos- phodiesterases in platelets. J Thromb Haemost 82:412-423. ... 5-triphosphate receptor type I (IP3RI). As shown in Fig. 2B, artocarpesin (80 to 100 μM) increased IP3RI phosphorylation in ... and phosphodiesterases [26]. These cyclic nucleotides inhibit αIIb/β3 affinity and [Ca2+]i mobilization. In our study, ...

https://applbiolchem.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s13765-022-00694-x

cyclic nucleotide gated channel subuni.... COCH. 1690. COCH. cochlin [Source:HGNC Symbol;Acc:HGNC:2.... ... phosphodiesterase 8A [Source:HGNC Symb.... PEX3. 8504. PEX3. peroxisomal biogenesis factor 3 [Sourc.... ... GSE9006_TYPE_1_DIABETES_AT_DX_VS_4MONTH_POST_DX_PBMC_UP GSE9006_TYPE_1_VS_TYPE_2_DIABETES_PBMC_AT_DX_DN GSE9006_TYPE_1_VS_TYPE_ ... GSE9006_TYPE_1_DIABETES_AT_DX_VS_1MONTH_POST_DX_PBMC_DN GSE9006_TYPE_1_DIABETES_AT_DX_VS_1MONTH_POST_DX_PBMC_UP GSE9006_TYPE_1_ ...

https://www.gsea-msigdb.org/gsea/msigdb/human/geneset/GSE9006_HEALTHY_VS_TYPE_2_DIABETES_PBMC_AT_DX_DN.html

... method for measuring cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity from a purified source and determining the IC 50 of their ... Tryptophan is readily detectable using the Bridge-It® tryptophan fluorescence assay in various types of test samples including ... Bridge-It® cAMP-Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Assay Kit, 384-well format. The Bridge-It® PDE Assay is a fluorescence-based, high- ... Adenosine-3,5-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger which is involved in the modulation of numerous ...

https://mediomics.com/product-category/384-well-plate/

Usb1 controls U6 snRNP assembly through evolutionarily divergent cyclic phosphodiesterase activities. Nat Commun. 2017 Sep 8;8( ... Neutrophils are a type of white blood cell involved in the immune system. In the skin, the USB1 enzyme is found in pigment- ... RNA exonucleases cut off (cleave) building blocks called nucleotides one at a time from molecules of RNA (a chemical cousin of ... encodes a putative phosphodiesterase responsible for the U6 snRNA 3 end modification. Genes Dev. 2012 Sep 1;26(17):1911-25. ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/usb1/

This gene encodes a cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, a member of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. ... Ioki, Wu, Takayama, Motohashi, Wakai, Funahashi: "A phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor, sildenafil, induces sperm capacitation ... phosphodiesterase 5A, cGMP-specific (Pde5a) Antikörper. phosphodiesterase 5A S homeolog (pde5a.S) Antikörper. phosphodiesterase ... It is involved in the regulation of intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and is important for smooth muscle ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/pd/pde5a-47355/pde5a-antibodies-446/

Elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels leads to diverse cellular responses dependent on the cell type. An alternative ... THOMAS, R, WOON, ML, RALEVIC, V and ALEXANDER, SPH, An investigation of the role of cyclic nucleotides and potassium channels ... NEIL, KE, HERNANDEZ, F, KENDALL, DA and ALEXANDER, SPH, The effects of the isoenzyme-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitors, ... WALLACE, KE, HERNANDEZ, F, KENDALL, DA and ALEXANDER, SPH, THE EFFECTS OF ISOPRENALINE ON CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE LEVELS IN THE ...

https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/life-sciences/people/steve.alexander

Cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine 3,5-monophosphate, or simply cAMP) is one of the most important GPCR intracellular mediators. In ... Activation of GPCR leads to GDP/GTP nucleotide exchange on the Gα protein subunit and binding of the Eu-GTP analog. Detection ... many cell types, cAMP production often results from the regulation of adenylate cyclase by the Gα subunit of heterotrimeric G- ... such as the stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. ... Get these 4 guides to master the art of optimizing your cAMP ...

https://fr.cisbio.eu/dd/by-universe/g-protein-signaling

"Cyclic phosphodiesterase OS=Arabidopsis thaliana (sp,o04147,cpd_arath : 113.0)","protein_coding" "MA_8065609g0010","No alias"," ... "cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4","protein_coding" "AT5G54770","TZ","Arabidopsis thaliana","thiazole biosynthetic ... "Protein degradation.peptidase families.serine-type peptidase activities.chloroplast Clp-type protease complex.ClpR non- ... "Protein degradation.peptidase families.serine-type peptidase activities.chloroplast Clp-type protease complex.ClpP1/3-6 ...

https://evorepro.sbs.ntu.edu.sg/go/sequences/table/5383

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7. Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 7. Peroxirredoxina VI. ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1. Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 1. Nucleotídeo Cíclico ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2. Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 2. Nucleotídeo Cíclico ... Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3. Fosfodiesterasas de Nucleótidos Cíclicos Tipo 3. Nucleotídeo Cíclico ...

https://decs2008.bvsalud.org/P/new_2008.htm

Signs and symptoms of TBRF include cyclic febrile episodes, nausea, and vomiting (1). The bacterium Borrelia turicatae is the ... Plasmid Analysis and Genetic Typing of Relapsing Fever Spirochete Isolates. We performed reverse-field electrophoresis to ... nucleotide identity to the 91E135 and BTE5EL isolates of B. turicatae. Isolates 91E135 and BTE5EL originated from field- ... turicatae glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase (glpQ) gene (forward primer 5′-GCCTGTCAGAATGAAAAA-3′, reverse primer 5′- ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/24/11/17-2033_article

Metalloproteinases were almost exclusively type PIII proteins, with few type PII and no type PI proteins. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the type 1 enzymes are classified as 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterases (EC 3.1.4.17), some members of this class have additional specificity for CYCLIC GMP. (uchicago.edu)

This gene encodes a cGMP-binding, cGMP-specific phosphodiesterase, a member of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase family. (antikoerper-online.de)

Cyclic-adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic-guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) are the best known mechanisms related to platelet inhibitory activity. (springeropen.com)
Adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) is an important second messenger which is involved in the modulation of numerous biological processes. (mediomics.com)

A CALCIUM and CALMODULIN-dependent cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily. (uchicago.edu)

A cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subfamily that is found predominantly in inflammatory cells and may play a role in the regulation of CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY . (nih.gov)

The vasodilatory and antiplatelet actions of cilostazol are due mainly to the inhibition of phosphodiesterase 3 (PDE3) and subsequent elevation of intracellular cAMP levels. (nih.gov)
The enzymes are widely distributed in animal tissue and control the level of intracellular cyclic AMP. (bvsalud.org)
It is involved in the regulation of intracellular concentrations of cyclic nucleotides and is important for smooth muscle relaxation in the cardiovascular system. (antikoerper-online.de)

1. STAT6 mediates interleukin-4 growth inhibition in human breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)
14. Interleukin-4 mediates cell growth inhibition through activation of Stat1. (nih.gov)

The Bridge-It® PDE Assay is a fluorescence-based, high-throughput screening (HTS) method for measuring cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity from a purified source and determining the IC 50 of their inhibitors. (mediomics.com)

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of CYCLIC AMP to form adenosine 5'-phosphate. (bvsalud.org)

Over fifty members of this family exist, most of which bind specifically to regulatory subunits of CYCLIC-AMP-DEPENDENT PROTEIN KINASE TYPE II such as CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIALPHA or CAMP PROTEIN KINASE RIIBETA. (nih.gov)
3. Interleukin-4-induced transcriptional activation by stat6 involves multiple serine/threonine kinase pathways and serine phosphorylation of stat6. (nih.gov)
Vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor type I (IP 3 RI) are major substrates of protein kinase A and protein kinase G and VASP contributes to αIIb/β 3 affinity and IP 3 RI affects [Ca 2+ ] i mobilization. (springeropen.com)

RNA 2',3'-cyclic phosphate and 5'-OH l. (gsea-msigdb.org)
A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety and found widely in nature. (rcsb.org)

This phosphodiesterase specifically hydrolyzes cGMP to 5'-GMP. (antikoerper-online.de)

Based on detailed studies of the reversible adenylyltion of E. coli glutamine synthetase (GS), Dr. Chock, in collaboration with Dr. E. R. Stadtman, formulated a cyclic cascade model, to reveal the basic principles that underlie this regulatory mechanism and its regulatory advantages in cellular regulation and signal transduction, which include an enormous potential for signal and rate amplification, regulatory sensitivity, and flexibility. (nih.gov)
4. Regulation of breast cancer cell motility by insulin receptor substrate-2 (IRS-2) in metastatic variants of human breast cancer cell lines. (nih.gov)
15. STAT6 is required for the regulation of IL-4-induced cytoskeletal events in B cells. (nih.gov)

ADPKD-omics": determinants of cyclic AMP levels in renal epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
12. Induction of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4 isomerase type 1 gene transcription in human breast cancer cell lines and in normal mammary epithelial cells by interleukin-4 and interleukin-13. (nih.gov)

11. IL-3 and IL-4 activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 3 (PDE3) and 4 (PDE4) by different mechanisms in FDCP2 myeloid cells. (nih.gov)

Mroczek S, Krwawicz J, Kutner J, Lazniewski M, Kucinski I, Ginalski K, Dziembowski A. C16orf57, a gene mutated in poikiloderma with neutropenia, encodes a putative phosphodiesterase responsible for the U6 snRNA 3' end modification. (medlineplus.gov)

Ciliary photoreceptor cells use OPSINS that activate a PHOSPHODIESTERASE phosphodiesterase cascade. (lookformedical.com)

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)

Genes down-regulated in comparison of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from healthy donors versus PBMCs from patients with type 2 diabetes at the time of diagnosis. (gsea-msigdb.org)

Many specific enzymes classified under this heading demonstrate additional spcificity for 3',5'-cyclic IMP and CYCLIC GMP . (bvsalud.org)

Its overexpression in agouti mice results in uniform yellow coat color, OBESITY, and metabolic defects similar to type II diabetes in humans. (nih.gov)

6. A role for the insulin-interleukin (IL)-4 receptor motif of the IL-4 receptor alpha-chain in regulating activation of the insulin receptor substrate 2 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 pathways. (nih.gov)
Artocarpesin increased the phosphorylation of vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) and inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate receptor I (IP 3 RI). (springeropen.com)

Subfamilia de fosfodiesterasas de nucleótidos cíclicos que se encuentra predominantemente en células inflamatorias y puede intervenir en la regulación de la INMUNIDAD CELULAR. (bvsalud.org)

The three members of this family are referred to as type 1A, type 1B, and type 1C and are each product of a distinct gene. (uchicago.edu)

Tryptophan is readily detectable using the Bridge-It® tryptophan fluorescence assay in various types of test samples including bacterial growth medium, brain extract, yeast extract, as well as in human serum and urine. (mediomics.com)

The denseness of myelinated g-ratios and axons of optic nerves was regular, as was myelin 1021950-26-4 fundamental protein expression both in cerebral cortex and spinal-cord. (bio2009.org)
Each of these compartments is aligned in the layered structure of the retina (Fig. 1a ), and each contains unique molecular signatures and protein complexes [ 2 - 4 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

These data claim that Collectively, unlike Schwann cells, oligodendrocytes don't 1021950-26-4 have an intrinsic requirement of neuronal dystonin for myelination and differentiation. (bio2009.org)

The growing epidemic of obesity-associated type 2 diabetes represents one of the major threats to human health in the 21st century. (nih.gov)
To gain insight into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and to develop new treatment protocols, it is essential to characterize the molecular components and signaling networks critical for beta-cell function and glucose and energy homeostasis. (nih.gov)
During the past few years, NIH researchers have used gene targeting and transgenic techniques to develop novel mouse models to study the molecular basis of type 2 diabetes and glucose and energy homeostasis. (nih.gov)
Objective: We hypothesized that type 1 diabetes (T1D) is accompanied by changes in gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) due to dysregulation of adaptive and innate immunity, counterregulatory responses to immune dysregulation, insulin deficiency and hyperglycemia. (gsea-msigdb.org)
Research Design and Methods: Microarray analysis was performed on PBMCs from 43 patients with newly diagnosed T1D, 12 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D) and 24 healthy controls. (gsea-msigdb.org)

RNA exonucleases cut off (cleave) building blocks called nucleotides one at a time from molecules of RNA (a chemical cousin of DNA). (medlineplus.gov)

The predominance of type PIII metalloproteinases agrees with the well-known hemorrhagic activity of this venom, whereas the lower content of serine proteases and C-type lectins could contribute to less marked coagulopathy following envenoming by this species. (biomedcentral.com)

Histological studies of synovium in RA have indicated that this tissue is very cellular, and that several different cell types including macrophages and T cells are in close proximity [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)

Kovacikova G, Lin W, Skorupski K: Vibrio cholerae AphA uses a novel mechanism for virulence gene activation that involves interaction with the LysR-type regulator AphB at the tcpPH promoter. (narturalproduct.com)
To address the activation mechanism and the regulatory advantages of having four Ca(II) binding sites on the calmodulin (CM), Dr. Chock and his colleagues, particularly Dr. Charles Huang, performed detailed kinetic analysis for Ca(II)CM mediated activation of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase. (nih.gov)
18. Consequences of Stat6 deletion on Sis/PDGF- and IL-4-induced proliferation and transcriptional activation in murine fibroblasts. (nih.gov)

There are three major types of cone cells (red, blue, and green) whose photopigments have different spectral sensitivity curves. (lookformedical.com)
a Retinal layers and associated cell types: rod ( pink ), cone ( purple ), bipolar ( lilac ), Müller ( gray ), ganglion ( blue ) cells. (biomedcentral.com)

Developmental exposure to estradiol and bisphenol A increases susceptibility to prostate carcinogenesis and epigenetically regulates phosphodiesterase type 4 variant 4. (nih.gov)

Usb1 controls U6 snRNP assembly through evolutionarily divergent cyclic phosphodiesterase activities. (medlineplus.gov)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1" by people in this website by year, and whether "Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (uchicago.edu)

however, equipment for extensive evaluation of the type of the OLs had been missing at the proper period, leaving conclusions regarding the intrinsic role. (bio2009.org)

Upon discussion with suitable environmental signals, OPCs leave the cell routine and start differentiation to be branched significantly, 1021950-26-4 nonmigratory, post-mitotic OLs. (bio2009.org)
Two types of (missing Dst-A1 and -A2) and (missing all neuronal isoforms), possess peripheral myelination abnormalities which were due to intrinsic differentiation problems in Schwann cells [23]. (bio2009.org)
8. Stat6 and IRS-2 cooperate in interleukin 4 (IL-4)-induced proliferation and differentiation but are dispensable for IL-4-dependent rescue from apoptosis. (nih.gov)

The overall results suggest that some activating mechanism for the progeny virus of wild-type Sendai virus exists in the lung of mice and the principle (activator) responsible for this phenomenon has a character similar to trypsin. (nih.gov)

2. Multiple signaling pathways mediate interleukin-4-induced 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4 isomerase type 1 gene expression in human breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)

Science 1996,272(5270):1910-1914.PubMedCrossRef 4. (narturalproduct.com)

Unlike the myelinating Schwann cells from the peripheral anxious program (PNS), which myelinate axons inside a 1:1 percentage, an individual oligodendrocyte can 1021950-26-4 get in touch with and myelinate many axons [4 concurrently,5]. (bio2009.org)
19. Interleukin 4 inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. (nih.gov)

For this assay, the MetJ consensus sequence was split into two approximately equal DNA "half-sites" with one half fragment labeled with fluorescein and the other half fragment labeled with Oyster® 645 fluorophore3,4. (mediomics.com)

Organisms1

Chemicals and Drugs48

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment1

Phenomena and Processes12

Information Science3

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (1/531)

Phosphorylation-mediated activation and translocation of the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. A potential mechanism allowing for the coordinated regulation of PDE4D activity and targeting. (2/531)

IL-3 and IL-4 activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 3 (PDE3) and 4 (PDE4) by different mechanisms in FDCP2 myeloid cells. (3/531)

The RACK1 signaling scaffold protein selectively interacts with the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 isoform. (4/531)

Effects of XT-44, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in osteoblastgenesis and osteoclastgenesis in culture and its therapeutic effects in rat osteopenia models. (5/531)

Characterization of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subtypes involved in the regulation of the L-type Ca2+ current in rat ventricular myocytes. (6/531)

A comparison of the inhibitory activity of PDE4 inhibitors on leukocyte PDE4 activity in vitro and eosinophil trafficking in vivo. (7/531)

Mechanisms involved in the regulation of free fatty acid release from isolated human fat cells by acylation-stimulating protein and insulin. (8/531)

No images available that match "cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases type 4"

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 1

3',5'-Cyclic-AMP Phosphodiesterases

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 4

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 3

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 2

Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases

2',3'-Cyclic-Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases

Nucleotides, Cyclic

Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

3',5'-Cyclic-GMP Phosphodiesterases

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 5

Cyclic GMP

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 7

Cyclic AMP

Rolipram

1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine

Purinones

Isoenzymes

Molecular Sequence Data

Calmodulin

Amino Acid Sequence

Kinetics

Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases, Type 6

Nucleotides

Phosphodiesterase 3 Inhibitors

Phosphodiesterase 4 Inhibitors

4-(3-Butoxy-4-methoxybenzyl)-2-imidazolidinone

Dibutyryl Cyclic GMP

Theophylline

Phosphodiesterase I

Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Cation Channels

Phosphorus-Oxygen Lyases

Milrinone

Bucladesine

Pyrrolidinones

Adenine Nucleotides

Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases

Adenylate Cyclase

Second Messenger Systems

Papaverine

Cyclic IMP

Base Sequence

Colforsin

Guanylate Cyclase

Cloning, Molecular

Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors

8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate

Calcium

Guanine Nucleotides

Cattle

Hydrolysis

Isoproterenol

Xanthines

Binding Sites

Catalytic Domain

Signal Transduction

Vinca Alkaloids

Cyclic P-Oxides

Enzyme Activation

Substrate Specificity

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

The MAP kinase ERK2 inhibits the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase HSPDE4D3 by phosphorylating it at Ser579. (1/531)

Phosphorylation-mediated activation and translocation of the cyclic AMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D3 by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and mitogen-activated protein kinases. A potential mechanism allowing for the coordinated regulation of PDE4D activity and targeting. (2/531)

IL-3 and IL-4 activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases 3 (PDE3) and 4 (PDE4) by different mechanisms in FDCP2 myeloid cells. (3/531)

The RACK1 signaling scaffold protein selectively interacts with the cAMP-specific phosphodiesterase PDE4D5 isoform. (4/531)

Effects of XT-44, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, in osteoblastgenesis and osteoclastgenesis in culture and its therapeutic effects in rat osteopenia models. (5/531)

Characterization of the cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase subtypes involved in the regulation of the L-type Ca2+ current in rat ventricular myocytes. (6/531)

A comparison of the inhibitory activity of PDE4 inhibitors on leukocyte PDE4 activity in vitro and eosinophil trafficking in vivo. (7/531)

Mechanisms involved in the regulation of free fatty acid release from isolated human fat cells by acylation-stimulating protein and insulin. (8/531)

Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor

PDE4A

Neuronal calcium sensor-1

Phosphodiesterase 3

CNP

Pentoxifylline

CGMP-specific phosphodiesterase type 5

Benjamin Weiss (scientist)

ABCC5