Cyclic n oxides. Medical search

An NADPH-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of L-ARGININE and OXYGEN to produce CITRULLINE and NITRIC OXIDE.

A CALCIUM-independent subtype of nitric oxide synthase that may play a role in immune function. It is an inducible enzyme whose expression is transcriptionally regulated by a variety of CYTOKINES.

Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in ENDOTHELIAL CELLS.

A CALCIUM-dependent, constitutively-expressed form of nitric oxide synthase found primarily in NERVE TISSUE.

Inorganic oxides that contain nitrogen.

A mild astringent and topical protectant with some antiseptic action. It is also used in bandages, pastes, ointments, dental cements, and as a sunblock.

A non-selective inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. It has been used experimentally to induce hypertension.

Salts of nitrous acid or compounds containing the group NO2-. The inorganic nitrites of the type MNO2 (where M=metal) are all insoluble, except the alkali nitrites. The organic nitrites may be isomeric, but not identical with the corresponding nitro compounds. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

An essential amino acid that is physiologically active in the L-form.

A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

Inorganic or organic salts and esters of nitric acid. These compounds contain the NO3- radical.

A class of enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions of amino acids.

A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.

Guanosine cyclic 3',5'-(hydrogen phosphate). A guanine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to the sugar moiety in both the 3'- and 5'-positions. It is a cellular regulatory agent and has been described as a second messenger. Its levels increase in response to a variety of hormones, including acetylcholine, insulin, and oxytocin and it has been found to activate specific protein kinases. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.

3-Mercapto-D-valine. The most characteristic degradation product of the penicillin antibiotics. It is used as an antirheumatic and as a chelating agent in Wilson's disease.

Single pavement layer of cells which line the luminal surface of the entire vascular system and regulate the transport of macromolecules and blood components.

Iron (II,III) oxide (Fe3O4). It is a black ore of IRON that forms opaque crystals and exerts strong magnetism.

Magnesium oxide (MgO). An inorganic compound that occurs in nature as the mineral periclase. In aqueous media combines quickly with water to form magnesium hydroxide. It is used as an antacid and mild laxative and has many nonmedicinal uses.

The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.

A morpholinyl sydnone imine ethyl ester, having a nitrogen in place of the keto oxygen. It acts as NITRIC OXIDE DONORS and is a vasodilator that has been used in ANGINA PECTORIS.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of GTP to 3',5'-cyclic GMP and pyrophosphate. It also acts on ITP and dGTP. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.6.1.2.

Inorganic or organic compounds containing trivalent iron.

A sulfur-containing alkyl thionitrite that is one of the NITRIC OXIDE DONORS.

Drugs used to cause dilation of the blood vessels.

An oxide of aluminum, occurring in nature as various minerals such as bauxite, corundum, etc. It is used as an adsorbent, desiccating agent, and catalyst, and in the manufacture of dental cements and refractories.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A group of organic sulfur-containing nitrites, alkyl thionitrites. S-Nitrosothiols include compounds such as S-NITROSO-N-ACETYLPENICILLAMINE and S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE.

The isotopic compound of hydrogen of mass 2 (deuterium) with oxygen. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed) It is used to study mechanisms and rates of chemical or nuclear reactions, as well as biological processes.

A natural product that has been considered as a growth factor for some insects.

Synthesized magnetic particles under 100 nanometers possessing many biomedical applications including DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and CONTRAST AGENTS. The particles are usually coated with a variety of polymeric compounds.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

A flavoprotein that reversibly oxidizes NADPH to NADP and a reduced acceptor. EC 1.6.99.1.

An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.

A potent oxidant synthesized by the cell during its normal metabolism. Peroxynitrite is formed from the reaction of two free radicals, NITRIC OXIDE and the superoxide anion (SUPEROXIDES).

A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a reduction product of 4-NITROQUINOLINE-1-OXIDE. It binds with nucleic acids and inactivates both bacteria and bacteriophage.

The nursing specialty that deals with the care of newborn infants during the first four weeks after birth.

The act of BREATHING out.

The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)

A neurotransmitter found at neuromuscular junctions, autonomic ganglia, parasympathetic effector junctions, a subset of sympathetic effector junctions, and at many sites in the central nervous system.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

Substances that influence the course of a chemical reaction by ready combination with free radicals. Among other effects, this combining activity protects pancreatic islets against damage by cytokines and prevents myocardial and pulmonary perfusion injuries.

Any tests done on exhaled air.

A family of iminourea derivatives. The parent compound has been isolated from mushrooms, corn germ, rice hulls, mussels, earthworms, and turnip juice. Derivatives may have antiviral and antifungal properties.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

The administration of drugs by the respiratory route. It includes insufflation into the respiratory tract.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

A synthetic pentapeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid.

A disturbance in the prooxidant-antioxidant balance in favor of the former, leading to potential damage. Indicators of oxidative stress include damaged DNA bases, protein oxidation products, and lipid peroxidation products (Sies, Oxidative Stress, 1991, pxv-xvi).

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The main trunk of the systemic arteries.

Compounds with three contiguous nitrogen atoms in linear format, H2N-N=NH, and hydrocarbyl derivatives.

That phase of a muscle twitch during which a muscle returns to a resting position.

A genus of CYANOBACTERIA consisting of trichomes that are untapered with conspicuous constrictions at cross-walls. A firm individual sheath is absent, but a soft covering is often present. Many species are known worldwide as major components of freshwater PLANKTON and also of many saline lakes. The species ANABAENA FLOS-AQUAE is responsible for acute poisonings of various animals.

An allotropic form of carbon that is used in pencils, as a lubricant, and in matches and explosives. It is obtained by mining and its dust can cause lung irritation.

The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.

The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.

Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.

Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.

Molecules or ions formed by the incomplete one-electron reduction of oxygen. These reactive oxygen intermediates include SINGLET OXYGEN; SUPEROXIDES; PEROXIDES; HYDROXYL RADICAL; and HYPOCHLOROUS ACID. They contribute to the microbicidal activity of PHAGOCYTES, regulation of signal transduction and gene expression, and the oxidative damage to NUCLEIC ACIDS; PROTEINS; and LIPIDS.

The adaptation of therapeutic approaches such as pharmacological (DRUG CHRONOTHERAPY), surgical, radiological, or physical to the known variations in biological RHYTHMICITY, such as CIRCADIAN RHYTHMS. The treatment is aimed at supporting normal rhythms, or modifying the timing of therapy to achieve maximal efficacy and minimal adverse effect.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Highly specialized EPITHELIAL CELLS that line the HEART; BLOOD VESSELS; and lymph vessels, forming the ENDOTHELIUM. They are polygonal in shape and joined together by TIGHT JUNCTIONS. The tight junctions allow for variable permeability to specific macromolecules that are transported across the endothelial layer.

Serum glycoprotein produced by activated MACROPHAGES and other mammalian MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES. It has necrotizing activity against tumor cell lines and increases ability to reject tumor transplants. Also known as TNF-alpha, it is only 30% homologous to TNF-beta (LYMPHOTOXIN), but they share TNF RECEPTORS.

The movement and the forces involved in the movement of the blood through the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the reaction between superoxide anions and hydrogen to yield molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme protects the cell against dangerous levels of superoxide. EC 1.15.1.1.

A nonapeptide messenger that is enzymatically produced from KALLIDIN in the blood where it is a potent but short-lived agent of arteriolar dilation and increased capillary permeability. Bradykinin is also released from MAST CELLS during asthma attacks, from gut walls as a gastrointestinal vasodilator, from damaged tissues as a pain signal, and may be a neurotransmitter.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (NSAID) that inhibits the enzyme cyclooxygenase necessary for the formation of prostaglandins and other autacoids. It also inhibits the motility of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.

Nitrogenous products of NITRIC OXIDE synthases, ranging from NITRIC OXIDE to NITRATES. These reactive nitrogen intermediates also include the inorganic PEROXYNITROUS ACID and the organic S-NITROSOTHIOLS.

The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.

The portion of the descending aorta proceeding from the arch of the aorta and extending to the DIAPHRAGM, eventually connecting to the ABDOMINAL AORTA.

Quinolines substituted in any position by one or more nitro groups.

The smallest divisions of the arteries located between the muscular arteries and the capillaries.

The process of altering the morphology and functional activity of macrophages so that they become avidly phagocytic. It is initiated by lymphokines, such as the macrophage activation factor (MAF) and the macrophage migration-inhibitory factor (MMIF), immune complexes, C3b, and various peptides, polysaccharides, and immunologic adjuvants.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen is attached to a cyclic nitrogen.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Compounds or agents that combine with cyclooxygenase (PROSTAGLANDIN-ENDOPEROXIDE SYNTHASES) and thereby prevent its substrate-enzyme combination with arachidonic acid and the formation of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, and thromboxanes.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.

A soluble factor produced by MONOCYTES; MACROPHAGES, and other cells which activates T-lymphocytes and potentiates their response to mitogens or antigens. Interleukin-1 is a general term refers to either of the two distinct proteins, INTERLEUKIN-1ALPHA and INTERLEUKIN-1BETA. The biological effects of IL-1 include the ability to replace macrophage requirements for T-cell activation.

An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Ce, atomic number 58, and atomic weight 140.12. Cerium is a malleable metal used in industrial applications.

Mononuclear phagocytes derived from bone marrow precursors but resident in the peritoneum.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action during the developmental stages of an organism.

Nanoparticles produced from metals whose uses include biosensors, optics, and catalysts. In biomedical applications the particles frequently involve the noble metals, especially gold and silver.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the MICROVASCULAR NETWORK.

Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule.

Nanometer-sized particles that are nanoscale in three dimensions. They include nanocrystaline materials; NANOCAPSULES; METAL NANOPARTICLES; DENDRIMERS, and QUANTUM DOTS. The uses of nanoparticles include DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS and cancer targeting and imaging.

Compounds having the nitro group, -NO2, attached to carbon. When attached to nitrogen they are nitramines and attached to oxygen they are NITRATES.

A plant genus best known for edible underground tubers. Yam may also refer to a moist variety of sweet potato, IPOMOEA BATATAS.

A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.

The circulation of the BLOOD through the LUNGS.

A technique applicable to the wide variety of substances which exhibit paramagnetism because of the magnetic moments of unpaired electrons. The spectra are useful for detection and identification, for determination of electron structure, for study of interactions between molecules, and for measurement of nuclear spins and moments. (From McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edition) Electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectroscopy is a variant of the technique which can give enhanced resolution. Electron spin resonance analysis can now be used in vivo, including imaging applications such as MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING.

Relatively complete absence of oxygen in one or more tissues.

Nerve fibers liberating acetylcholine at the synapse after an impulse.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

Enzyme complexes that catalyze the formation of PROSTAGLANDINS from the appropriate unsaturated FATTY ACIDS, molecular OXYGEN, and a reduced acceptor.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Carbon monoxide (CO). A poisonous colorless, odorless, tasteless gas. It combines with hemoglobin to form carboxyhemoglobin, which has no oxygen carrying capacity. The resultant oxygen deprivation causes headache, dizziness, decreased pulse and respiratory rates, unconsciousness, and death. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

The oxygen-carrying proteins of ERYTHROCYTES. They are found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates. The number of globin subunits in the hemoglobin quaternary structure differs between species. Structures range from monomeric to a variety of multimeric arrangements.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).

The short wide vessel arising from the conus arteriosus of the right ventricle and conveying unaerated blood to the lungs.

Inorganic compounds that contain chromium as an integral part of the molecule.

An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.

Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.

A 21-amino acid peptide produced in a variety of tissues including endothelial and vascular smooth-muscle cells, neurons and astrocytes in the central nervous system, and endometrial cells. It acts as a modulator of vasomotor tone, cell proliferation, and hormone production. (N Eng J Med 1995;333(6):356-63)

An extracellular endopeptidase of vertebrate tissues similar to MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASE 1. It digests PROTEOGLYCAN; FIBRONECTIN; COLLAGEN types III, IV, V, and IX, and activates procollagenase. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992)

Nitric acid (HNO3). A colorless liquid that is used in the manufacture of inorganic and organic nitrates and nitro compounds for fertilizers, dye intermediates, explosives, and many different organic chemicals. Continued exposure to vapor may cause chronic bronchitis; chemical pneumonitis may occur. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

A basic element found in nearly all organized tissues. It is a member of the alkaline earth family of metals with the atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body and combines with phosphorus to form calcium phosphate in the bones and teeth. It is essential for the normal functioning of nerves and muscles and plays a role in blood coagulation (as factor IV) and in many enzymatic processes.

The muscle tissue of the HEART. It is composed of striated, involuntary muscle cells (MYOCYTES, CARDIAC) connected to form the contractile pump to generate blood flow.

The veins and arteries of the HEART.

Ubiquitous, inducible, nuclear transcriptional activator that binds to enhancer elements in many different cell types and is activated by pathogenic stimuli. The NF-kappa B complex is a heterodimer composed of two DNA-binding subunits: NF-kappa B1 and relA.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)

Endogenously-synthesized compounds that influence biological processes not otherwise classified under ENZYMES; HORMONES or HORMONE ANTAGONISTS.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

A group of compounds derived from unsaturated 20-carbon fatty acids, primarily arachidonic acid, via the cyclooxygenase pathway. They are extremely potent mediators of a diverse group of physiological processes.

The neural systems which act on VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE to control blood vessel diameter. The major neural control is through the sympathetic nervous system.

Nerve cells where transmission is mediated by NITRIC OXIDE.

Highly reactive molecules with an unsatisfied electron valence pair. Free radicals are produced in both normal and pathological processes. They are proven or suspected agents of tissue damage in a wide variety of circumstances including radiation, damage from environment chemicals, and aging. Natural and pharmacological prevention of free radical damage is being actively investigated.

A compound formed by the combination of hemoglobin and oxygen. It is a complex in which the oxygen is bound directly to the iron without causing a change from the ferrous to the ferric state.

(GTP cyclohydrolase I) or GTP 7,8-8,9-dihydrolase (pyrophosphate-forming) (GTP cyclohydrolase II). An enzyme group that hydrolyzes the imidazole ring of GTP, releasing carbon-8 as formate. Two C-N bonds are hydrolyzed and the pentase unit is isomerized. This is the first step in the synthesis of folic acid from GTP. EC 3.5.4.16 (GTP cyclohydrolase I) and EC 3.5.4.25 (GTP cyclohydrolase II).

A group of enzymes that oxidize diverse nitrogenous substances to yield nitrite. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 1.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.

Inorganic or organic compounds that contain arsenic.

Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.

The vessels carrying blood away from the heart.

A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS.

A syndrome of persistent PULMONARY HYPERTENSION in the newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN) without demonstrable HEART DISEASES. This neonatal condition can be caused by severe pulmonary vasoconstriction (reactive type), hypertrophy of pulmonary arterial muscle (hypertrophic type), or abnormally developed pulmonary arterioles (hypoplastic type). The newborn patient exhibits CYANOSIS and ACIDOSIS due to the persistence of fetal circulatory pattern of right-to-left shunting of blood through a patent ductus arteriosus (DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS, PATENT) and at times a patent foramen ovale (FORAMEN OVALE, PATENT).

Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Single layer of large flattened cells covering the surface of the cornea.

Electron-accepting molecules in chemical reactions in which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another (OXIDATION-REDUCTION).

Substances that reduce or suppress INFLAMMATION.

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).

A species of RUBULAVIRUS associated particularly with acute laryngotracheitis (CROUP) in children aged 6 months to 3 years.

The number of times the HEART VENTRICLES contract per unit of time, usually per minute.

The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.

Derivatives and polymers of styrene. They are used in the manufacturing of synthetic rubber, plastics, and resins. Some of the polymers form the skeletal structures for ion exchange resin beads.

The most common and most biologically active of the mammalian prostaglandins. It exhibits most biological activities characteristic of prostaglandins and has been used extensively as an oxytocic agent. The compound also displays a protective effect on the intestinal mucosa.

The vapor state of matter; nonelastic fluids in which the molecules are in free movement and their mean positions far apart. Gases tend to expand indefinitely, to diffuse and mix readily with other gases, to have definite relations of volume, temperature, and pressure, and to condense or liquefy at low temperatures or under sufficient pressure. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

The destroying of all forms of life, especially microorganisms, by heat, chemical, or other means.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Derivatives of BENZOIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that contain the carboxybenzene structure.

Inorganic oxides of sulfur.

Relating to the size of solids.

A metallic element with atomic symbol Fe, atomic number 26, and atomic weight 55.85. It is an essential constituent of HEMOGLOBINS; CYTOCHROMES; and IRON-BINDING PROTEINS. It plays a role in cellular redox reactions and in the transport of OXYGEN.

A heterogenous group of inherited muscular dystrophy that can be autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive. There are many forms (called LGMDs) involving genes encoding muscle membrane proteins such as the sarcoglycan (SARCOGLYCANS) complex that interacts with DYSTROPHIN. The disease is characterized by progressing wasting and weakness of the proximal muscles of arms and legs around the HIPS and SHOULDERS (the pelvic and shoulder girdles).

Apparatus for removing exhaled or leaked anesthetic gases or other volatile agents, thus reducing the exposure of operating room personnel to such agents, as well as preventing the buildup of potentially explosive mixtures in operating rooms or laboratories.

A nonflammable, halogenated, hydrocarbon anesthetic that provides relatively rapid induction with little or no excitement. Analgesia may not be adequate. NITROUS OXIDE is often given concomitantly. Because halothane may not produce sufficient muscle relaxation, supplemental neuromuscular blocking agents may be required. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p178)

The rate at which oxygen is used by a tissue; microliters of oxygen STPD used per milligram of tissue per hour; the rate at which oxygen enters the blood from alveolar gas, equal in the steady state to the consumption of oxygen by tissue metabolism throughout the body. (Stedman, 25th ed, p346)

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Any of the tubular vessels conveying the blood (arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins).

Antibodies to the HEPATITIS B ANTIGENS, including antibodies to the surface (Australia) and core of the Dane particle and those to the "e" antigens.

Proteins that contain an iron-porphyrin, or heme, prosthetic group resembling that of hemoglobin. (From Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p480)

A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts; atomic number, 22; atomic weight, 47.90; symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. (Dorland, 28th ed)

An iron-molybdenum flavoprotein containing FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE that oxidizes hypoxanthine, some other purines and pterins, and aldehydes. Deficiency of the enzyme, an autosomal recessive trait, causes xanthinuria.

Compounds containing the -SH radical.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of phosphodiesterases.

A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.

An amino acid produced in the urea cycle by the splitting off of urea from arginine.

Adverse functional, metabolic, or structural changes in ischemic tissues resulting from the restoration of blood flow to the tissue (REPERFUSION), including swelling; HEMORRHAGE; NECROSIS; and damage from FREE RADICALS. The most common instance is MYOCARDIAL REPERFUSION INJURY.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Cholene derivatives with methyl groups at C-10 and C-13 and a branched 8-carbon chain at C-17. They must have two double bonds in the ring system.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Identification and quantification of cocaine N-oxide: a thermally labile metabolite of cocaine. (1/1205)

In this article, we report the identification and quantitation of cocaine N-oxide (CNO), a thermally labile oxidative metabolite, from both animal and human samples. The concentration of CNO is similar to the concentrations of cocaine in the samples analyzed. The technique used for the determination of CNO in this study is liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, which is necessary because CNO is converted to cocaine upon heating. This includes simple heating of aqueous solutions to temperatures in excess of 100 degrees C and analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), in which CNO is converted to cocaine in the injection port. The thermal conversion of CNO to cocaine is estimated to cause an over-reporting of cocaine levels by 10-20% when using GC-MS. (+info)

Localization and environment of tryptophans in soluble and membrane-bound states of a pore-forming toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. (2/1205)

The location and environment of tryptophans in the soluble and membrane-bound forms of Staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin were monitored using intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence. Fluorescence quenching of the toxin monomer in solution indicated varying degrees of tryptophan burial within the protein interior. N-Bromosuccinimide readily abolished 80% of the fluorescence in solution. The residual fluorescence of the modified toxin showed a blue-shifted emission maximum, a longer fluorescence lifetime as compared to the unmodified and membrane-bound alpha-toxin, and a 5- to 6-nm red edge excitation shift, all indicating a restricted tryptophan environment and deeply buried tryptophans. In the membrane-bound form, the fluorescence of alpha-toxin was quenched by iodide, indicating a conformational change leading to exposure of some tryptophans. A shorter average lifetime of tryptophans in the membrane-bound alpha-toxin as compared to the native toxin supported the conclusions based on iodide quenching of the membrane-bound toxin. Fluorescence quenching of membrane-bound alpha-toxin using brominated and spin-labeled fatty acids showed no quenching of fluorescence using brominated lipids. However, significant quenching was observed using 5- and 12-doxyl stearic acids. An average depth calculation using the parallax method indicated that the doxyl-quenchable tryptophans are located at an average depth of 10 A from the center of the bilayer close to the membrane interface. This was found to be in striking agreement with the recently described structure of the membrane-bound form of alpha-toxin. (+info)

Antioxidative activity of 4-oxy- and 4-hydroxy-nitroxides in tissues and erythrocytes from rats. (3/1205)

AIM: To compare the activities of antioxidation of 4-oxy- and 4-hydroxy-nitroxides in tissues and RBC from rats. METHODS: The homogenates of liver, heart, and kidneys of rats were used to determine malondialdehyde (MDA) formation using TBA colorimetric method. H2O2-caused hemolysis was measured spectrometrically. Superoxide anion from zymosan-stimulated neutrophils of rats was assayed by NBT reduction method. RESULTS: Nitroxide free radicals OTMPO and HTMPO inhibited MDA generation caused by .OH generation system (MIC 10.5 and 21 mumol.L-1, respectively), antagonized hemolysis induced by H2O2 (MIC: 338 and 168 mumol.L-1, respectively), but did not affect O2- formation from activated neutrophils. 1-Hydroxyl compounds OTMPOH and HTMPOH possessed similarly potent antilipoperoxidative activities. But nonfree radical OTMP and HTMP had no effect on peroxidation of tissues. CONCLUSION: Nitroxides exert their antilipoperoxidative effect by specifically scavenging .OH free radicals in biological system. Trapping of .OH free radicals by nitroxides is not by reduction of NO. group in nitroxides. Both NO. group and NOH group are essential active groups. (+info)

Cycloheximide and 4-OH-TEMPO suppress chloramphenicol-induced apoptosis in RL-34 cells via the suppression of the formation of megamitochondria. (4/1205)

Toxic effects of chloramphenicol, an antibiotic inhibitor of mitochondrial protein synthesis, on rat liver derived RL-34 cell line were completely blocked by a combined treatment with substances endowed with direct or indirect antioxidant properties. A stable, nitroxide free radical scavenger, 4-hydroxy-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, and a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, suppressed in a similar manner the following manifestations of the chloramphenicol cytotoxicity: (1) Oxidative stress state as evidenced by FACS analysis of cells loaded with carboxy-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and Mito Tracker CMTH2MRos; (2) megamitochondria formation detected by staining of mitochondria with MitoTracker CMXRos under a laser confocal microscopy and electron microscopy; (3) apoptotic changes of the cell detected by the phase contrast microscopy, DNA laddering analysis and cell cycle analysis. Since increases of ROS generation in chloramphenicol-treated cells were the first sign of the chloramphenicol toxicity, we assume that oxidative stress state is a mediator of above described alternations of RL-34 cells including MG formation. Pretreatment of cells with cycloheximide or 4-hydroxy-2,2, 6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, which is known to be localized into mitochondria, inhibited the megamitochondria formation and succeeding apoptotic changes of the cell. Protective effects of cycloheximide, which enhances the expression of Bcl-2 protein, may further confirm our hypothesis that the megamitochondria formation is a cellular response to an increased ROS generation and raise a possibility that antiapoptotic action of the drug is exerted via the protection of the mitochondria functions. (+info)

EPR spin trapping and 2-deoxyribose degradation studies of the effect of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) on *OH formation by the Fenton reaction. (5/1205)

The search for effective iron chelating agents was primarily driven by the need to treat iron-loading refractory anemias such as beta-thalassemia major. However, there is a potential for therapeutic use of iron chelators in non-iron overload conditions. Iron can, under appropriate conditions, catalyze the production of toxic oxygen radicals which have been implicated in numerous pathologies and, hence, iron chelators may be useful as inhibitors of free radical-mediated tissue damage. We have developed the orally effective iron chelator pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) and demonstrated that it inhibits iron-mediated oxyradical formation and their effects (e.g. 2-deoxyribose oxidative degradation, lipid peroxidation and plasmid DNA breaks). In this study we further characterized the mechanism of the antioxidant action of PIH and some of its analogs against *OH formation from the Fenton reaction. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with 5, 5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) as a spin trap for *OH we showed that PIH and salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) inhibited Fe(II)-dependent production of *OH from H2O2. Moreover, PIH protected 2-deoxyribose against oxidative degradation induced by Fe(II) and H2O2. The protective effect of PIH against both DMPO hydroxylation and 2-deoxyribose degradation was inversely proportional to Fe(II) concentration. However, PIH did not change the primary products of the Fenton reaction as indicated by EPR experiments on *OH-mediated ethanol radical formation. Furthermore, PIH dramatically enhanced the rate of Fe(II) oxidation to Fe(III) in the presence of oxygen, suggesting that PIH decreases the concentration of Fe(II) available for the Fenton reaction. These results suggest that PIH and SIH deserve further investigation as inhibitors of free-radical mediated tissue damage. (+info)

Surface exposure of the methionine side chains of calmodulin in solution. A nitroxide spin label and two-dimensional NMR study. (6/1205)

Binding of calcium to calmodulin (CaM) causes a conformational change in this ubiquitous calcium regulatory protein that allows the activation of many target proteins. Met residues make up a large portion of its hydrophobic target binding surfaces. In this work, we have studied the surface exposure of the Met residues in the apo- and calcium-bound states of CaM in solution. Complexes of calcium-CaM with synthetic peptides derived from the CaM-binding domains of myosin light chain kinase, constitutive nitric-oxide synthase, and CaM-dependent protein kinase I were also studied. The surface exposure was measured by NMR by studying the effects of the soluble nitroxide spin label, 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxy, on the line widths and relaxation rates of the Met methyl resonances in samples of biosynthetically 13C-methyl-Met-labeled CaM. The Met residues move from an almost completely buried state in apo-CaM to an essentially fully exposed state in Ca2+4-CaM. Binding of two Ca2+ to the C-terminal lobe of CaM causes full exposure of the C-terminal Met residues and a partial exposure of the N-terminal Met side chains. Binding of the three target peptides blocks the access of the nitroxide surface probe to nearly all Met residues, although the mode of binding is distinct for the three peptides studied. These data show that calcium binding to CaM controls the surface exposure of the Met residues, thereby providing the switch for target protein binding. (+info)

Re-design of Rhodobacter sphaeroides dimethyl sulfoxide reductase. Enhancement of adenosine N1-oxide reductase activity. (7/1205)

The periplasmic DMSO reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans has been expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells in its mature form and with the R. sphaeroides or E. coli N-terminal signal sequence. Whereas the R. sphaeroides signal sequence prevents formation of active enzyme, addition of a 6x His-tag at the N terminus of the mature peptide maximizes production of active enzyme and allows for affinity purification. The recombinant protein contains 1.7-1.9 guanines and greater than 0.7 molybdenum atoms per molecule and has a DMSO reductase activity of 3.4-3.7 units/nmol molybdenum, compared with 3.7 units/nmol molybdenum for enzyme purified from R. sphaeroides. The recombinant enzyme differs from the native enzyme in its color and spectrum but is indistinguishable from the native protein after redox cycling with reduced methyl viologen and Me2SO. Substitution of Cys for the molybdenum-ligating Ser-147 produced a protein with DMSO reductase activity of 1.4-1.5 units/nmol molybdenum. The mutant protein differs from wild type in its color and absorption spectrum in both the oxidized and reduced states. This substitution leads to losses of 61-99% of activity toward five substrates, but the adenosine N1-oxide reductase activity increases by over 400%. (+info)

Amyloid beta peptides do not form peptide-derived free radicals spontaneously, but can enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides. (8/1205)

Amyloid beta (Abeta) peptides play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Free radical generation by Abeta peptides was suggested to be a key mechanism of their neurotoxicity. Reports that neurotoxic free radicals derived from Abeta-(1-40) and Abeta-(25-35) peptides react with the spin trap N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitrone (PBN) to form a PBN/.Abeta peptide radical adduct with a specific triplet ESR signal assert that the peptide itself was the source of free radicals. We now report that three Abeta peptides, Abeta-(1-40), Abeta-(25-35), and Abeta-(40-1), do not yield radical adducts with PBN from the Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation (OMRF). In contrast to OMRF PBN, incubation of Sigma PBN in phosphate buffer without Abeta peptides produced a three-line ESR spectrum. It was shown that this nitroxide is di-tert-butylnitroxide and is formed in the Sigma PBN solution as a result of transition metal-catalyzed auto-oxidation of the respective hydroxylamine present as an impurity in the Sigma PBN. Under some conditions, incubation of PBN from Sigma with Abeta-(1-40) or Abeta-(25-35) can stimulate the formation of di-tert-butylnitroxide. It was shown that Abeta peptides enhanced oxidation of cyclic hydroxylamine 1-hydroxy-4-oxo-2,2,6, 6-tetramethylpiperidine (TEMPONE-H), which was strongly inhibited by the treatment of phosphate buffer with Chelex-100. It was shown that ferric and cupric ions are effective oxidants of TEMPONE-H. The data obtained allow us to conclude that under some conditions toxic Abeta peptides Abeta-(1-40) and Abeta-(25-35) enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxylamine derivatives, but do not spontaneously form peptide-derived free radicals. (+info)

Activation of a nitric oxide-cGMP pathway may be responsible for some of the behavioral effects of paraxanthine that differ ... Essayan DM (November 2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 (5): ... Ferré, Sergi; Orrú, Marco; Guitart, Xavier (2013). "Paraxanthine: Connecting Caffeine to Nitric Oxide Neurotransmission". ... activity and is hypothesized to increase glutamate and dopamine release by potentiating nitric oxide signaling. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine

3.0.CO;2-A. Y. Shvo; E.D. Kaufman (1972). "Configurational and conformational analysis of cyclic amine oxides". Tetrahedron. 28 ... A Curtin-Hammett scenario was invoked to explain selectivity in the syntheses of kapakahines B and F, two cyclic peptides ... a cyclic hexapeptide with an .alpha.-carboline ring system from the marine sponge Cribrochalina olemda". Journal of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtin–Hammett_principle

For example ethylene oxide polymerizes to give polyethylene glycol, also known as polyethylene oxide. The reaction of an ... An epoxide is a cyclic ether with a three-atom ring. This ring approximates an equilateral triangle, which makes it strained, ... Benzene oxide exists in equilibrium with the oxepin isomer. Ethylene oxide is widely used to generate detergents and ... Simple epoxides are often referred to as oxides. Thus, the epoxide of ethylene (C2H4) is ethylene oxide (C2H4O). Many compounds ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epoxide

... and nitric oxide. Nitric oxide has received a great deal of attention in the past, but has recently been superseded by adhesion ... Lei S, Jackson MF, Jia Z, Roder J, Bai D, Orser BA, MacDonald JF (June 2000). "Cyclic GMP-dependent feedback inhibition of AMPA ... Endocannabinoids like anandamide are known to act as retrograde messengers, as is nitric oxide. Retrograde signaling may also ... Malen PL, Chapman PF (April 1997). "Nitric oxide facilitates long-term potentiation, but not long-term depression". The Journal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retrograde_signaling

Thus tetrafluoroethyene oxide and hexafluoropropylene oxide are two of the simplest cyclic perfluoroethers. It is a precursor ... Krytox is a grease generated by the polymerization of hexafluoropropylene oxide. Their chemical formula is F−(CF(CF3)−CF2−O)n− ... More interesting and more useful are the cyclic ethers, especially, the epoxides. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfluoroether

"Mechanism of platelet inhibition by nitric oxide: In vivo phosphorylation of thromboxane by cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase ... inhibition of cyclic AMP breakdown by cyclic GMP". Molecular Pharmacology. 37 (5): 671-681. Siess, Wolfgang; Eduardo, Lapetina ... Nitric oxide (NO) stimulates cGMP production and therefore the activation cGMP-dependent protein kinase (G kinase). This kinase ... cAMP, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphorylate messengers via protein kinase A (PKA). These signaling elements include ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboregulation

It is used in the production of corrosion inhibitor N,N-diethylaminoethanol, by reaction with ethylene oxide. It is also a ... Other similarly sized hydrogen-bonding molecules favor cyclic structures. Diethylamine has low toxicity, but the vapor causes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diethylamine

April 23, 1965 US3424954A Silicon oxide tunnel diode structure and method of making same. September 21, 1966 US3475234A Method ... March 27, 1967 US3669669A Cyclic polyisoprene photoresist compositions. October 28, 1970 US4053942A Device for removing low ... Wold, Aaron; Dwight, Kirby (1993). Solid State Chemistry: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Selected Oxides and Sulfides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald_L._Klein

... a cyclic carbonate ester Trimethylene carbonate, another cyclic carbonate ester Poly(propylene carbonate) Poly(bisphenol A ... Many industrial production pathways for carbonates are not green because they rely on phosgene or propylene oxide. In Grignard ... Annual production of cyclic carbonates was estimated at 100,000 tonnes per year in 2010. Industrially, ethylene and propylene ... Cyclic carbonates are susceptible to polymerization. Perez, Serge; Scaringe, Raymond P. (1987). "Crystalline features of 4,4'- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonate_ester

For the linear chains, the end phosphorus groups share one oxide and the others phosphorus centres share two oxide centres. The ... Polyphosphates can adopt linear or a cyclic ring structures. In biology, the polyphosphate esters ADP and ATP are involved in ... In the case of the cyclic trimer each tetrahedron shares two vertices with adjacent tetrahedra. Sharing of three corners is ... Structure of triphosphoric acid Polyphosphoric acid Cyclic trimetaphosphate Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) The structure of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphosphate

They are also used for the oxidation of amines and thioethers to amine oxides and sulfoxides. The laboratory applications of ... Another common reaction is conversion of cyclic ketones to the ring-expanded esters using peracids in a Baeyer-Villiger ... RCO2H This method is popular for converting cyclic anhydrides to the corresponding monoperoxyacids, for example ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peroxy_acid

ISBN 978-0-471-72091-1. Amine Oxides. VIII. Medium-sized Cyclic Olefins from Amine Oxides and Quaternary Ammonium Hydroxides ... Soc., 1960, 82 (17), pp 4663-4669 doi:10.1021/ja01502a053 Amine Oxides. VII. The Thermal Decomposition of the N-Oxides of N- ... The amine oxide is prepared by oxidation of the corresponding amine with an oxidant such as mCPBA. The actual elimination just ... The Cope reaction or Cope elimination, developed by Arthur C. Cope, is an elimination reaction of the N-oxide to form an alkene ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cope_reaction

"Characterisation of a cyclic displacement instability for a thermally grown oxide in a thermal barrier coating system". Acta ... This means that the coatings form an outer layer of chromium oxide (chromia), and a secondary aluminum oxide (alumina) layer ... The alumina controls oxidation mechanisms by limiting oxide growth by self-passivating. The yttrium enhances the oxide ... The Al and Cr form oxide layers that passivate the surface and protect the superalloy from further oxidation while B and Y are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superalloy

In plants, nitric oxide can be produced by any of four routes: (i) L-arginine-dependent nitric oxide synthase, (although the ... which is a heterodimeric enzyme with subsequent formation of cyclic-GMP. Cyclic-GMP activates protein kinase G, which causes ... Nitrous oxide in biological systems can be formed by an enzymatic or non-enzymatic reduction of nitric oxide. In vitro studies ... Monitoring nitric oxide status by saliva testing detects the bioconversion of plant-derived nitrate into nitric oxide. A rise ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaseous_signaling_molecules

40b: Amine N-Oxides, Haloamines, Hydroxylamines and Sulfur Analogues, and Hydrazines. Georg Thieme Verlag. p. 1286. ISBN ... Cyclic secondary amines work as well, provided they are not aromatic. Sulfamoyl fluorides can also be made from sulfamoyl ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfamoyl_fluoride

... inhibition with BAY 73-6691 increases corpus cavernosum relaxations mediated by nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway in mice". ... thereby preventing the inactivation of the intracellular second messengers cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and cyclic ... 2001). "Cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases". The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. 108 (5): 671-80. doi:10.1067/mai ... Fertel R, Weiss B (1976). "Properties and drug responsiveness of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases of rat lung". Mol. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor

It can be considered a cyclic trimer of carbon dioxide (CO2) or as a triple ketone of 1,3,5-trioxane (1,3,5-trioxacyclohexane ... The chemical compound 1,3,5-trioxanetrione, or 1,3,5-trioxacyclohexane-2,4,6-trione is an unstable oxide of carbon with formula ... The Cyclic Trimer of Carbon Dioxide". The Journal of Organic Chemistry. 81 (13): 5354-5361. doi:10.1021/acs.joc.6b00647. v t e ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,3,5-Trioxanetrione

"A New Interstellar Cyclic Molecule, Ethylene Oxide". Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society 29: 1245. http://www. ... "Detection of nitric oxide in the dark cloud L134N". Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 359: 121-124. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/ ... "Observations of the cyclic C3H radical in the interstellar medium". Astronomy and Astrophysics 239: 319-325. http://adsabs. ...

https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/星間分子の一覧

This parasympathetic relaxation response is mediated by a release of nitric oxide (NO). NO binds to the enzyme guanylate ... cyclase, which results in increased levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). cGMP in turn triggers relaxation of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helicine_arteries_of_penis

Advances in Cyclic Nucleotide Research. 5. pp. 195-211. ISBN 978-0-89004-021-8. PMID 165666. Fertel R, Weiss B (July 1976). " ... Part of the physiological process of vasodilatation involves the release of nitric oxide (NO) by vascular endothelial cells ... Uzunov P, Weiss B (September 1972). "Separation of multiple molecular forms of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate ... There, NO activates soluble guanylate cyclase which converts guanosine triphosphate (GTP) to cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDE5_inhibitor

... is a crown ether with the formula (C2H4O)5. It is a cyclic pentamer of ethylene oxide that forms complex with ... 2 H2O It also forms from the cyclic oligomerization of ethylene oxide in the presence of gaseous boron trifluoride. Analogous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/15-Crown-5

16 Practice for Cyclic Salt Fog/UV Exposure of Painted Metal, (Alternating Exposures in a Fog/Dry Cabinet and a UV/Condensation ... Test Method for Determination of Ethylene Oxide in Workplace Atmospheres (HBr Derivatization Method) D5579 - 19 Test Method for ... 13 Test Method for Load Controlled Cyclic Triaxial Strength of Soil D5312/D5312M - 12(2013) Test Method for Evaluation of ... 21 Test Method for Evaluating Resistance of Modified Bituminous Roofing Membrane to Cyclic Fatigue (Joint Displacement) D5850 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ASTM_International_standards_(D5001-6000)

Unwanted metal oxide can occur when higher laser powers and multiple passes are employed. These can be removed with a lower ... and laser roughening may make the surface brittle and create micro-hardness regions that would not be suitable for cyclic ... The surface oxide can be compromised if it is subjected to high temperatures, above 300 °C, and humidity prior to bonding. Pasa ... They create oxide thicknesses of 10-20 nm. It is recommended to degrease the titanium surface and remove any corrosion by way ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titanium_adhesive_bonding

It is a cyclic carbonate ester derived from propylene glycol. This colorless and odorless liquid is useful as a polar, aprotic ... They are mainly prepared by the carbonation of the epoxides (epoxypropane, or propylene oxide here): CH3CHCH2O + CO2 → ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propylene_carbonate

... in which a dicarboxylic acid is converted to a cyclic ketone at high temperature and a suitable catalyst such as thorium oxide ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruzicka_large-ring_synthesis

This reaction is typically conducted in the gas phase at 400-450 °C over alumina doped with zinc oxide or cerium oxide. ... Cycloheptanone, (CH2)6CO, is a cyclic ketone also referred to as suberone. It is a colourless volatile liquid. Cycloheptanone ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloheptanone

S-Oxides and S,S-dioxides of thiocarbonyl compounds[edit]. The S-oxides of thiocarbonyl compounds are known as thiocarbonyl S- ... The most common organosulfur compound present in all petroleum fractions is thiophene (C4H4S), a cyclic and aromatic liquid. In ... A sulfoxide, R−S(O)−R, is the S-oxide of a sulfide ("sulfide oxide"), a sulfone, R−S(O)2−R, is the S,S-dioxide of a sulfide, a ... These compounds are well known with extensive chemistry, e.g., see syn-propanethial-S-oxide and sulfene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organosulfur_compound

Leon A. P. Kane-Maguire, Ephraim D. Honig, Dwight A. Sweigart "Nucleophilic addition to coordinated cyclic π-hydrocarbons: ... oxide. Methylrhenium trioxide is used as a catalyst. Cahiez, Gerard; Duplais, Christophe; Buendia, Julien (2009). "Chemistry of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organomanganese_chemistry

Small and medium cyclic substrates are constrained in the s-cis conformation. When the α-diazo ketone is in the s-cis ... In this last case, the reaction is sensitive to the transition metal; silver (I) oxide or other Ag(I) catalysts work well and ... Another common use is in ring-contraction methods; if the α-diazo ketone is cyclic, the Wolff rearrangement results in a ring- ... However, for all substrates except cyclic α-diazo ketones that exist solely in the s-cis conformation, products come from a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolff_rearrangement

Oxaziridine Ethylene oxide 1,2-Dioxetane 1,3-Dioxetane Ruggero Curci; Anna Dinoi; Maria F. Rubino (1995). "Dioxirane oxidations ... It is a heterocyclic compound, the smallest cyclic organic peroxide. The compound itself is highly unstable and has never been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioxirane

... and a cyclic worsening of the affected person's anxiety about their appearance.[61] Rare complications from acne or its ... Particles that release nitric oxide into the skin to decrease skin inflammation caused by C. acnes and the immune system have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acne_vulgaris

Kobayashi, Shiro; Uyama, Hiroshi (15 January 2002). "Polymerization of cyclic imino ethers: From its discovery to the present ... owing to the large amounts of triphenylphosphine oxide produced, the method is not ideal for large-scale reactions. The use of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxazoline

... the n-oxide metabolites of moclobemide and moclobemide itself are the compounds that produce most of the inhibition of MAO-A; ... Long-term treatment with moclobemide leads to an increase in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) binding to cAMP-dependent ... The main metabolites are the N-oxide Ro 12-5637 formed via morpholine N-oxidation and lactam derivative Ro 12-8095 formed via ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moclobemide

The Sutherland group's 2009 paper also highlighted the possibility for the photo-sanitization of the pyrimidine-2',3'-cyclic ... Iron(II) oxide. *Magnesium monohydride cation. *Methylidyne radical. *Nitric oxide. *Nitrogen (molecular) ... cyclic pyrimidine nucleotides directly, which are known to be able to polymerise into RNA.[22] Organic chemist Donna Blackmond ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNA_world

Oxides. Main article: Oxide minerals. Oxide minerals are divided into three categories: simple oxides, hydroxides, and multiple ... Cyclic twins are caused by repeated twinning around a rotation axis. This type of twinning occurs around three, four, five, six ... Oxides with a 2:1 ratio include cuprite (Cu2O) and water ice. Corundum group minerals have a 2:3 ratio, and includes minerals ... Simple oxides are characterized by O2− as the main anion and primarily ionic bonding. They can be further subdivided by the ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral

cellular response to organic cyclic compound. • positive regulation of fever generation. • extracellular matrix organization. • ... positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process. • negative regulation of interleukin-6 production. • protein import ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNF-alpha

Exfoliation (or onion skin weathering) is the gradual removing of spall due to the cyclic increase and decrease in the ... the material expands so strongly upon exposure to air that a fine layer of oxide is forcibly expelled from the surface. A ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spall

... is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules.[2] Formally, it is a derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraldehyde

Organic nitrates should not be taken with PDE5 inhibitors (i.e. sildenafil) since both NO and PDE5 inhibitors increase cyclic ... Normally endothelial cells release prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) which induce relaxation of the smooth muscle cells, and ... These drugs work by increasing nitric oxide levels in the blood and inducing coronary vasodilation which will allow for more ... The nitric oxide increase in the blood resulting from these drugs also causes dilation of systemic veins which in turn causes a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasospasm

... oxidesEdit. Nitrile oxides have the general structure R−CNO. R. −. C. ≡. N. ⊕. −. O. ⊖. {\displaystyle {\ce {R-C{\equiv ... Fleming, Fraser F.; Zhang, Zhiyu (24 January 2005). "Cyclic nitriles: tactical advantages in synthesis". Tetrahedron. 61 (4): ... The process is catalysed by metal oxides and is assumed to proceed via the imine. ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile

Cyclic amines-Cyclic amines are either secondary or tertiary amines. Examples of cyclic amines include the 3-membered ring ... N-methylpiperidine and N-phenylpiperidine are examples of cyclic tertiary amines.. It is also possible to have four organic ... For chiral tertiary amines, NRR′R″ can only be resolved when the R, R′, and R″ groups are constrained in cyclic structures such ... In the case of formaldehyde (R′ = H), these products typically exist as cyclic trimers. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amine

The next steps involve extension-based sequencing with cyclic washes of the flow cell with fluorescently labeled nucleotides ( ... solid-state nanopore sequencing utilizes synthetic materials such as silicon nitride and aluminum oxide and it is preferred for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing_technology

... is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil ... and limonene oxide.[6][7] With sulfur, it undergoes dehydrogenation to p-cymene.[8] ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limonene

Water-soluble derivatives of C60 were discovered to exert an inhibition on the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase, with ... Three reversible oxidation processes have been observed by using cyclic voltammetry with ultra-dry methylene chloride and a ... Alexandru D.P. Papoiu: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase by water-soluble derivatives of C60. PhD dissertation, Rutgers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckyballs

Iron (IV) oxide from the iron-peroxypterin intermediate is selectively attacked by a double bond to give a carbocation at the ... Some of the metabolites formed via the reaction of melatonin with a free radical include cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin, N1-acetyl- ... Melatonin metabolites generated from redox reactions include cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin, N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melatonin

Hong C. Shen summarized homogeneous reactions forming cyclic compounds into 4 main categories: heteroatom nucleophilic addition ... cycloaddition reactions with early example the cycloaddition of an nitrile oxide with an alkyne. Other reactions are the use of ... "Intermolecular Hydroamination of Ethylene and 1-Alkenes with Cyclic Ureas Catalyzed by Achiral and Chiral Gold(I) Complexes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organogold_chemistry

ethylene oxide - via ethylene oxidation *ethylene glycol - via ethylene oxide hydration *engine coolant - ethylene glycol, ... cyclohexane - a 6-carbon aliphatic cyclic hydrocarbon sometimes used as a non-polar solvent *adipic acid - a 6-carbon di ... propylene oxide [13] *polyether polyol - used in the production of polyurethanes. *propylene glycol - used in engine coolant [ ... Kinetic studies of propane oxidation on Mo and V based mixed oxide catalysts. 2011.. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrochemical

The proper use of the symbol is debated: some publications use it to any cyclic π system, while others use it only for those π ... Rhodium-platinum oxide, a catalyst used to hydrogenate aromatic compounds.. ReferencesEdit. *^ HighBeam Encyclopedia: aromatic ... A reaction that forms an arene compound from an unsaturated or partially unsaturated cyclic precursor is simply called ...

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatic_chemical_compound

response to organic cyclic compound. • negative regulation of gastric acid secretion. • positive regulation of prostaglandin ... Nitric oxide (NO); Candidates: Acetaldehyde. *Ammonia (NH3). *Carbonyl sulfide (COS). *Nitrous oxide (N2O) ... non-cyclic) dithiol nonapeptide called oxytoceine.[120] It has been theorized that oxytoceine may act as a free radical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxytocin

Roskoski R, Roskoski LM (Jan 1987). "Activation of tyrosine hydroxylase in PC12 cells by the cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP second ... Hydroxylation of Ring-Deuterated Phenylalanines by Tyrosine Hydroxylase Provide Evidence against Partitioning of an Arene Oxide ... response to organic cyclic compound. • eating behavior. • cellular response to growth factor stimulus. • heart morphogenesis. • ... "Direct phosphorylation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase: mechanism of enzyme activation" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrosine_3-monooxygenase

... can also be generated in aprotic solvents by cyclic voltammetry. Superoxide salts also decompose in the solid state ... Oxide, O2−. *Dioxygenyl, O+. 2. *Antimycin A - used in fishery management, this compound produces large quantities of this free ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superoxide

Since mannitol is found in a wide variety of natural products, including almost all plants, it can be directly extracted from natural products, rather than chemical or biological syntheses. In fact, in China, isolation from seaweed is the most common form of mannitol production.[18] Mannitol concentrations of plant exudates can range from 20% in seaweeds to 90% in the plane tree. It is a constituent of saw palmetto (Serenoa).[25] Traditionally, mannitol is extracted by the Soxhlet extraction, using ethanol, water, and methanol to steam and then hydrolysis of the crude material. The mannitol is then recrystallized from the extract, generally resulting in yields of about 18% of the original natural product. Another method of extraction is using supercritical and subcritical fluids. These fluids are at such a stage that no difference exists between the liquid and gas stages, so are more diffusive than normal fluids. This is considered to make them much more effective mass transfer agents than ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannitol

... oxide (RuO2), iridium(IV) oxide (IrO2), cobalt oxides (including nickel-doped Co3O4), manganese oxide (including layered MnO2 ( ... A current goal is to obtain an NADPH-inspired catalyst capable of recreating the natural cyclic process. Utilizing light, ... Oxides are easier to obtain than molecular catalysts, especially those from relatively abundant transition metals (cobalt and ... Many metal oxides have been found to have water oxidation catalytic activity, including ruthenium(IV) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_photosynthesis

... decreases neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activity and ischemia-evoked nitric oxide (NO) production. 4-PPBP ... 4-PPBP protects neurons using a mechanism that activates the transcription factor cyclic adenosine monophosphate response ... "Cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein phosphorylation and neuroprotection by 4-phenyl-1-(4- ... "Sigma receptor ligand 4-phenyl-1-(4-phenylbutyl)-piperidine modulates neuronal nitric oxide synthase/postsynaptic density-95 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4-PPBP

Observations of the Ca lines in stars of similar age to the Sun even show cyclic variations reminiscent of the 11 year solar ... When solar energetic particles reach the Earth's atmosphere they cause ionisation that creates nitric oxide (NO) and other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superflare

Rhodium-platinum oxide, a catalyst used to hydrogenate aromatic compounds.. References[edit]. *^ IUPAC, Compendium of Chemical ... The proper use of the symbol is debated; it is used to describe any cyclic π system in some publications, or only those π ... A reaction that forms an arene compound from an unsaturated or partially unsaturated cyclic precursor is simply called an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arene

Moreover, cR10, a cyclic poly-arginine CPP, enabled the endocytose independent transduction of antigen binding proteins through ... Typical examples are Gd3+ low-molecular-weight chelates, and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO). In vivo administration of ... "Translocation Thermodynamics of Linear and Cyclic Nonaarginine into Model DPPC Bilayer via Coarse-Grained Molecular Dynamics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_penetrating_peptide

... in the B cyclic hydrocarbon ring.[27][28] Like many steroid hormones, it is hydrophobic. The sulfated derivative, pregnenolone ... it consists of four interconnected cyclic hydrocarbons.[27][28] The compound contains ketone and hydroxyl functional groups, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnenolone

... is produced from ethylene (ethene), via the intermediate ethylene oxide. Ethylene oxide reacts with water to ... In the OMEGA process, the ethylene oxide is first converted with carbon dioxide (CO2) to ethylene carbonate. This ring is then ... The carbon dioxide comes in part from the ethylene oxide production, where a part of the ethylene is completely oxidized. ... In 1937, Carbide started up the first plant based on Lefort's process for vapor-phase oxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyleneglycol

Cellular signaling with nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate.. Martin E1, Davis K, Bian K, Lee YC, Murad F. ... The understanding of the formation and biological actions of nitric oxide (NO) has grown extensively during the past two ... With the discoveries of the biological effects of NO and nitrovasodilators on cyclic guanosine monophosphate, with the ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10709849?dopt=Abstract

"Retraction: Regulation of FoxO1 Transcription Factor by Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP in Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells," ... Retraction: Regulation of FoxO1 Transcription Factor by Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP in Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells. ... "Retraction: Regulation of FoxO1 Transcription Factor by Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP in Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells," ...

https://bioone.org/journals/Zoological-Science/volume-24/issue-3/0289-0003-24.3.281/Retraction--Regulation-of-FoxO1-Transcription-Factor-by-Nitric-Oxide/10.2108/0289-0003-24.3.281.short

The role of nitric oxide in the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein in the ... We investigated the involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14622772

Enantioselective addition of cyclic enol silyl ethers to 2-alkenoyl-pyridine-N-oxides catalysed by Cu(II)-bis(oxazoline) ... Asymmetric reactions involving (E)-3-aryl-1-(pyridin-2-yl-N-oxide)prop-2-en-1-ones and cyclic enol silyl ethers show good ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/papers/22847937

Is Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate in Plasma or Urine Suitable for Assessing In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production?. ... Is Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate in Plasma or Urine Suitable for Assessing In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production? ... Is Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate in Plasma or Urine Suitable for Assessing In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production? ... Is Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate in Plasma or Urine Suitable for Assessing In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production? ...

http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/97/12/1209.full

Electrochemical analysis of nanostructured iron oxides using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy ... Electrochemical analysis of nanostructured iron oxides using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy ... Electrochemical analysis of nanostructured iron oxides using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy ... Electrochemical analysis of nanostructured iron oxides using cyclic voltammetry and scanning electrochemical microscopy. ...

https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/403546/

... namely cyclic GMP, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and cyclic GMP-binding protein kinases type I (cGKI alpha, cGKI ... Hence, the significance of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP signaling in the control of the human prostate requires further ... Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) is co-localized with key proteins of the nitric oxide/cyclic GMP signaling in the human ... less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe findings give hints that the cyclic GMP- and cyclic AMP-dependent signal ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:635755

Involvement of NMDA receptors and L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathwa were found in PRIME PubMed. ... In this study we investigated the involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic ... In this study we investigated the involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic ... TY - JOUR T1 - Antidepressant-like effect of folic acid: Involvement of NMDA receptors and L-arginine-nitric oxide-cyclic ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/18789921/Antidepressant_like_effect_of_folic_acid:_Involvement_of_NMDA_receptors_and_L_arginine_nitric_oxide_cyclic_guanosine_monophosphate_pathway_

Trazodone is a Potent Agonist at 5-HT2C Receptors Mediating Inhibition of the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate/Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP ... Trazodone is a Potent Agonist at 5-HT2C Receptors Mediating Inhibition of the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate/Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP ... Trazodone is a Potent Agonist at 5-HT2C Receptors Mediating Inhibition of the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate/Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP ... Trazodone is a Potent Agonist at 5-HT2C Receptors Mediating Inhibition of the N-Methyl-d-Aspartate/Nitric Oxide/Cyclic GMP ...

https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/285/3/983

nitric oxide. cGMP. cyclic guanylate monophosphate. db cCMP. dibutyryl cyclic cytidine monophosphate. SNAP. s-nitrosos-N-acetyl ... The Role of Cyclic Guanylate Monophosphate in Nitric Oxide-Induced Injury to Rat Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells. B. L. ... The Role of Cyclic Guanylate Monophosphate in Nitric Oxide-Induced Injury to Rat Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells. B. L. ... The Role of Cyclic Guanylate Monophosphate in Nitric Oxide-Induced Injury to Rat Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells. B. L. ...

http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/284/3/929

Durner J, Wendehenne D, Klessig D (1998) Defense gene induction in tobacco by nitric oxide, cyclic GMP and cyclic ADP-ribose. ... Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP Are Messengers in the Indole Acetic Acid-Induced Adventitious Rooting Process. Gabriela Carolina ... Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP Are Messengers in the Indole Acetic Acid-Induced Adventitious Rooting Process ... Nitric Oxide and Cyclic GMP Are Messengers in the Indole Acetic Acid-Induced Adventitious Rooting Process ...

http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/132/3/1241

AMPK and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling Regulates K-Ras Plasma Membrane Interactions via Cyclic GMP-Dependent ... AMPK and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling Regulates K-Ras Plasma Membrane Interactions via Cyclic GMP-Dependent ... AMPK and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling Regulates K-Ras Plasma Membrane Interactions via Cyclic GMP-Dependent ... AMPK and Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling Regulates K-Ras Plasma Membrane Interactions via Cyclic GMP-Dependent ...

https://mcb.asm.org/content/36/24/3086

... and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in relation to nitric oxide synthase isoforms and ... Cyclic adenosine monophosphate and cyclic guanosine monophosphate-phosphodiesterase isoenzymes in human vagina: Relation to ... Nitric oxide and VIP, mediating biologic signals through cGMP and cAMP, have been assumed to be involved in the control of ... OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the distribution of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) ...

http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:353349

Effect of cyclic GMP-increasing agents nitric oxide and C-type natriuretic peptide on bovine chromaffin cell function: ... Effect of cyclic GMP-increasing agents nitric oxide and C-type natriuretic peptide on bovine chromaffin cell function: ... Effect of cyclic GMP-increasing agents nitric oxide and C-type natriuretic peptide on bovine chromaffin cell function: ... Effect of cyclic GMP-increasing agents nitric oxide and C-type natriuretic peptide on bovine chromaffin cell function: ...

http://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/49/6/1058

Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation induced by interleukin 1β in islets of Langerhans. Evidence for an effector role of ... Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation induced by interleukin 1β in islets of Langerhans. Evidence for an effector role of ... Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation induced by interleukin 1β in islets of Langerhans. Evidence for an effector role of ... Nitric oxide and cyclic GMP formation induced by interleukin 1β in islets of Langerhans. Evidence for an effector role of ...

http://www.biochemj.org/content/287/1/229

Intravenous Anesthetics Inhibit Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation via Nitric Oxide-Cyclic ... Intravenous Anesthetics Inhibit Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation via Nitric Oxide-Cyclic ... Intravenous Anesthetics Inhibit Nonadrenergic Noncholinergic Lower Esophageal Sphincter Relaxation via Nitric Oxide-Cyclic ... Nitric Oxide-Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate Pathway Modulation in Rabbits. Anesthesiology 2001;95(1):176-183. ...

https://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1944484

Cyclic GMP, Glucose, Humans, Insulin, Male, Middle Aged, Muscle, Skeletal, Nitric Oxide, Nitric Oxide Donors, Phosphorylation, ... Nitric oxide increases cyclic GMP levels, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)alpha1-specific activity and glucose transport in ... Nitric oxide increases cyclic GMP levels, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)alpha1-specific activity and glucose transport in ... Nitric oxide increases cyclic GMP levels, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)alpha1-specific activity and glucose transport in ...

https://www.cpr.ku.dk/publications/publikationer/publikationsliste/?pure=en%2Fpublications%2Fnitric-oxide-increases-cyclic-gmp-levels-ampactivated-protein-kinase-ampkalpha1specific-activity-and-glucose-transport-in-human-skeletal-muscle

Article: Mapping Cyclic Change of Regional Myocardial Blood Volume Using Steady-State Susceptibility Effect of Iron Oxide ... Mapping Cyclic Change of Regional Myocardial Blood Volume Using Steady-State Susceptibility Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ... Mapping Cyclic Change of Regional Myocardial Blood Volume Using Steady-State Susceptibility Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ... and post-monocrystalline iron oxide nanoparticle (MION) gradient echo (GE) cine images. Cyclic changes of MBV in normal mice ...

http://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/155236

... by increasing nitric oxide (NO) synthase activity in a calcium- and kinase-dependent manner. Here we show that normal and GH(3 ... Receptor-controlled phosphorylation of alpha 1 soluble guanylyl cyclase enhances nitric oxide-dependent cyclic guanosine 5- ... The Role of Cyclic Nucleotides in Pituitary Lactotroph Functions. *Marek Kucka, Ivana Bjelobaba, Melanija Tomić, Stanko S. ... Receptor-controlled phosphorylation of alpha 1 soluble guanylyl cyclase enhances nitric oxide-dependent cyclic guanosine 5- ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Receptor-controlled-phosphorylation-of-alpha-1-in-Kostic-Andric/fee2bc85ac857d0e72db62841336038c2206abab

Context-dependent adsorption behavior of cyclic and linear peptides on metal oxide surfaces. ... Context-dependent adsorption behavior of cyclic and linear peptides on metal oxide surfaces. Langmuir 25 (3) : 1588-1593. ... A cyclic peptide STB 1 (-CHKKPSKSC-) was previously identified to electrostatically bind to TiO 2 and SiO 2. In the present ... Besides the amino acid composition, peptides structure (e.g., cyclic structure constrained by disulfide bond) is believed to ...

https://scholarbank.nus.edu.sg/handle/10635/88693

This countervailing negative chronotropic nitric oxide-cyclic GMP (NO-cGMP) significantly correlated with the increase on NOS ... On the other hand, the ZD 7114 activity on frequency was enhanced by the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and soluble ... 7114 and ICI 215001 stimulated in a dose-dependent manner the contraction frequency that significantly correlated with cyclic ... Role of nitric oxide/cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP in beta3 adrenoceptor-chronotropic response.. @article{SterinBorda2006RoleON, ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Role-of-nitric-oxide%2Fcyclic-GMP-and-cyclic-AMP-in-Sterin-Borda-Bernabeo/d1623b503f3076b2e41a4ba3f0943a1aec641b19

Mesh term Cyclic N-Oxides. Browse to parent terms:. Heterocyclic Oxides. Description. Heterocyclic compounds in which an oxygen ... 4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide. 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide. Triacetoneamine-N-Oxyl. Search for this term in our Faculty Database ... is attached to a cyclic nitrogen.. Browse to child terms:. ...

https://fcd.mcw.edu/?module=search&func=showTerm&id=68003497

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraxanthine

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curtin%E2%80%93Hammett_principle

Cyclic tensile stress exerts antiinflammatory actions on chondrocytes by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase. Journal of ... Cyclic tensile stress exerts antiinflammatory actions on chondrocytes by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase. In: ... Cyclic tensile stress exerts antiinflammatory actions on chondrocytes by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase. / Gassner ... title = "Cyclic tensile stress exerts antiinflammatory actions on chondrocytes by inhibiting inducible nitric oxide synthase", ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/cyclic-tensile-stress-exerts-antiinflammatory-actions-on-chondroc

Cyclic voltammetric measurement and testing of xanthine biosensor. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of XOD/CdO-NPs/c-MWCNT/Au ... 7 Cyclic voltammograms of: (a) bare Au electrode, (b) CdO-NPs/c-MWCNT/Au electrode, (c) XOD/CdO-NPs/c-MWCNT/Au electrode in pH ... The cyclic voltammogram of the CdO-NPs/c-MWCNT/Au electrode identified an oxidation peak at −290 mV (curve b). MWCNT is used as ... Cyclic voltammetry response of XOD/CdO-NPs/c-MWCNT modified Au electrode. A method is described for the construction of an ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2015/ra/c5ra00050e

dibutyrylguanosine 5′,5′-cyclic monophosphate. cGMP. cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Δ. TLmaxTLmax (control preparations)-TLmax ... inducible nitric oxide synthase. IR. immunoreactivity. Lmax. maximal light emission NO nitric oxide NOS nitric oxide synthase ... endothelial nitric oxide synthase. eNOS-LI IR. endothelial nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity. iNOS. ... NOS-LI IR nitric oxide synthase like immunoreactivity nNOS neuronal nitric oxide synthase nNOS-LI IR neuronal nitric oxide ...

https://jeb.biologists.org/content/208/15/2951?ijkey=895bc9606d561a00c3f7b26e67a7e1a1168a94ee&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

This has profound consequences for the regulation of local cyclic nucleotide and hence cardiac β-adrenergic signaling. ... We therefore tested the hypothesis that PMCA4 has a key structural role in tethering neuronal nitric-oxide synthase to a highly ... Surprisingly, in PMCA4(-/-), over 36% of membrane-associated neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) protein and activity was ... is a regulator of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase, the physiological consequence of this regulation is unclear. ...

https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/237823

Effect of Nb Content on Cyclic Oxidation Behavior of As-Cast Ti-1100 Alloys *Yingjun Song ... Structures of stable Ti-rich Ti-oxides at high pressures: a Ti2O in the P-3m1 structure; b Ti2O in the Cmcm structure; c Ti3O ... Predicting the structure and stability of titanium oxide electrides. *Xin Zhong ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0003-3327-10451,2,3. , ... Zhong, X., Xu, M., Yang, L. et al. Predicting the structure and stability of titanium oxide electrides. npj Comput Mater 4, 70 ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41524-018-0131-6?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed%3A+npjcompumats%2Frss%2Fcurrent+%28npj+Computational+Materials%29&error=cookies_not_supported&code=48282d7d-6c99-4ead-b5e4-1843ffe39234

Cyclic Voltammetry. The cyclic voltammogram presented in Fig. Fig.22 shows the surface processes occurring on alloy C22 in ... For the oxide film formed at −0.1 V, the content of Cr-oxide is higher in the outer layer of the film, which was ~51% formed in ... However, for the oxide films formed at −0.5 and 0.26 V, this dual-layered structure was not observed. And the Ni-oxides were ... The depth profile for the oxide films on C22 by AES (not shown here) showed more Cr-oxide was formed in 0.1 M KOH, which is ...

http://pubmedcentralcanada.ca/pmcc/articles/PMC2893917/

less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanThe present study aimed to investigate by means of immunohistochemistry in the human prostate the expression and distribution of key mediators of the NO pathway, namely cyclic GMP, the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and cyclic GMP-binding protein kinases type I (cGKI alpha, cGKI), in relation to PDE5, protein kinase A (cAK), and the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP). (diva-portal.org)
In this study we investigated the involvement of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and l-arginine-nitric oxide (NO)-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in its antidepressant-like effect in the forced swimming test in mice. (unboundmedicine.com)
Pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) express inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and while iNOS expression increases during late gestation, little is known about how cyclic stretch impacts this pathway. (elsevier.com)
We tested the effects of aluminum on the glutamate-nitric oxide- cyclic GMP pathway in cultured neurons. (elsevier.com)
Impairment of the glutamate-nitric oxide-cyclic GMP pathway in neurons may contribute to aluminum neurotoxicity. (elsevier.com)
Intracarotid infusion of bradykinin and its analogue, RMP-7, selectively increase the permeability of brain tumor capillaries though the nitrix oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP pathway. (geoscience.net)
This study sought to determine the involvement of the NO-cyclic GMP pathway in this event. (geoscience.net)
The purpose of the study is to determine whether the treatment with growth hormone has an influence on the nitric oxide pathway in healthy males. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients with exercise-induced hypertension have poor endothelium-dependent vasodilation due to an impaired nitric oxide/cyclic GMP pathway, which may play a significant role in increasing blood pressure during exercise with inadequate peripheral adjustment to changing cardiac output. (bvsalud.org)
In conclusion, the most important findings of this study demonstrate for the first time that the inhibitory effect of 17β-estradiol in platelet activation involves activation of the cyclic AMP-eNOS/NO-cyclic GMP pathway, resulting in inhibition of PLCγ2 and p38 MAPK activation, which may lower the incidence of cardiovascular events in postmenopausal women. (elsevier.com)
Involvement of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway in the antidepressant-like effect of tropisetron and ondansetron in mice forced swimming test and tail suspension test. (ac.ir)
Nitric oxide stimulates human sperm motility via activation of the cyclic GMP/protein kinase G signaling pathway. (bvs.br)

The nanocomposite modified Au electrode was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) before and after immobilization of XOD. (rsc.org)
This research extends previous studies ofa molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) biomimetic sensor for the small drug theophylline.The presence of theophylline in the biomimetic sensor was monitored by analyzing thepeak currents from cyclic voltammetry experiments. (mdpi.com)

With the discoveries of the biological effects of NO and nitrovasodilators on cyclic guanosine monophosphate, with the elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms of NO synthesis, and with the growing knowledge of regulation of NO synthases, the complexities of this signal transduction cascade and its participation in numerous cell signaling processes continues. (nih.gov)
Biochemical evidence for impaired nitric oxide synthesis in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. (ahajournals.org)
By using e.p.r. spectroscopy, IL-1 beta is shown to induce the formation of a g = 2.04 iron-nitrosyl feature in islets which is prevented by cycloheximide, demonstrating the requirement of protein synthesis for IL-1 beta-induced nitric oxide formation. (biochemj.org)
These results show that IL-1 beta-induced nitric oxide formation parallels the ability of IL-1 beta to inhibit glucose-stimulated insulin secretion by islets, and that protein synthesis is required for IL-1 beta-induced nitric oxide formation. (biochemj.org)
The second most important application of ethylene oxide is in the synthesis of ethyoxylates and ethanolamines, substances used in the production of synthetic detergents. (encyclopedia.com)
In many instances, nitric oxide mediates its biological effects by activating the soluble isoform of guanylyl cyclase and increasing cyclic GMP synthesis from GTP. (biomedcentral.com)
The electrochemical synthesis is set to favor the growth of the tin oxide/hydroxide phase, while the appearance of metallic Sn is suppressed by cycling. (mdpi.com)
The present paper reports that nitric oxide (NO) released by sodium nitroprusside (SNP) is a potent activator of rat pineal cyclic GMP production without affecting cyclic AMP synthesis. (uthscsa.edu)
However, L‐arginine, the physiological precursor of NO, did not activate either cyclic GMP or NO synthesis. (uthscsa.edu)
The prominent electrochemical performance of the manganese oxide demonstrates the importance of design and synthesis of pre-intercalated ultrathin layered materials. (nature.com)
The study reports the synthesis of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanostructures and their application in enzyme free electrochemical sensing of glucose. (diva-portal.org)
The activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors induces the synthesis of nitric oxide, which activates soluble guanylate cyclase and leads to the formation of cyclic GMP in the brain. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
15,16 Endogenous inhibitors of ET-1 synthesis include nitric oxide, prostacyclin, atrial natriuretic peptides, and estrogens. (ahajournals.org)
Green synthesis, properties, and applications of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been reported in the literature. (hindawi.com)
This review summarizes the synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles using different biological systems. (hindawi.com)
This review also provides comparative overview of influence of chemical synthesis and green synthesis on structural properties of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles and their biological behavior. (hindawi.com)
It concludes that green methods for synthesis of nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles are better than chemical synthetic methods. (hindawi.com)

The administration of 7-nitroindazole (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p., a specific neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) inhibitor) or methylene blue (20 mg/kg, i.p., direct inhibitor of both nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylate cyclase) in combination with a sub-effective dose of folic acid (1 nmol/site, i.c.v.) reduced the immobility time in the FST as compared with either drug alone. (unboundmedicine.com)
METHODS: Immunohistochemical techniques were applied to sectioned specimens of the human vaginal wall to evaluate the presence of the PDE isoenzymes 3, 4, 5, and 10 in relation to neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), and VIP. (diva-portal.org)
Plasma membrane calcium pump (PMCA4)-neuronal nitric-oxide synthase complex regulates cardiac contractility through modulation of a compartmentalized cyclic nucleotide microdomain. (ox.ac.uk)
Although there is growing evidence that the plasma membrane Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent ATPase 4 (PMCA4) is a regulator of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase, the physiological consequence of this regulation is unclear. (ox.ac.uk)
We therefore tested the hypothesis that PMCA4 has a key structural role in tethering neuronal nitric-oxide synthase to a highly compartmentalized domain in the cardiac cell membrane. (ox.ac.uk)
Recent studies have investigated the source and target neurons for the diffusible neuronal messenger molecule nitric oxide (NO) in the nervous system of the locust. (mpifg.de)
These results indicate that glucocorticoids may up-regulate astroglial calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase while preventing expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and are the first report of a differential long-term regulation of the expression of neuronal and astroglial constitutive nitric oxide synthase activities. (wiley.com)
Here we describe that, in hippocampal pyramidal cells, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) is also associated with the postsynaptic active zones of GABAergic symmetrical synapses terminating on their somata, dendrites, and axon initial segments in both mice and rats. (jneurosci.org)
Nitric oxide (NO) has long been implicated in the generation of long-term potentiation (LTP) and other types of synaptic plasticity, a role for which the intimate coupling between NMDA receptors (NMDARs) and the neuronal isoform of NO synthase (nNOS) is likely to be instrumental in many instances. (frontiersin.org)

It is also useful as a metallurgical reducing agent , because at high temperatures it reduces many metal oxides to the elemental metal. (britannica.com)
Transition metal oxides have been extensively investigated these years. (nature.com)
Described herein are inks and coating compositions comprising semiconductor metal oxides and composites thereof, which are natural environmentally sustainable materials that may be recycled and/or reused indefinitely. (sumobrain.com)
Semiconductor metal oxides offer an alternative to relatively more toxic, non-sustainable, photo and heat-degrading, migrating traditional photoinitiator agents used in actinic radiation curable compositions. (sumobrain.com)
The semiconductor metal oxides and composites thereof absorb visible or UV-light as photocatalysts and/or semiconductors, or absorb electron beam radiation, forming radicals for radical events such as polymerization reactions and color enhancement events. (sumobrain.com)
1,2 Metal oxides and nitrides, such as TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , WO 3 , BiVO 4 , and Ta 3 N 5 , have been extensively studied as promising photoanodes for water oxidation owing to their low cost and good chemical stability in appropriate electrolytes. (rsc.org)
The metal oxides and metals on Si can not only improve the stability of Si photoanodes, but also serve as the oxygen evolution catalyst. (rsc.org)
However, in many cases, the performance of a photoanode including photovoltage, photocurrent and stability, is sensitive to the thickness of the metal oxides or metals. (rsc.org)

Cellular signaling with nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. (nih.gov)
The role of nitric oxide in the phosphorylation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate-responsive element-binding protein in the spinal cord after intra. (nih.gov)
Is Measurement of Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate in Plasma or Urine Suitable for Assessing In Vivo Nitric Oxide Production? (ahajournals.org)
Murad F. Signal transduction using nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. (ahajournals.org)
Hamet P, Pang SC, Tremblay J. Atrial natriuretic factor-induced egression of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in cultured vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. (ahajournals.org)
Receptor-controlled phosphorylation of alpha 1 soluble guanylyl cyclase enhances nitric oxide-dependent cyclic guanosine 5'-monophosphate production in pituitary cells. (semanticscholar.org)
We measured the endothelial function of the brachial artery in 35 patients with exercise-induced hypertension, and in 35 age- and gender-matched normal control subjects, by a high resolution ultrasound technique, and the concentration of NO2-/NO3- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP). (bvsalud.org)
We further show that LTD induced by low-frequency stimulation in the absence of SNAP also is blocked by KT5823 or Rp-8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphorothioate (10 microM), cyclic guanosine 3',5' monophosphate-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitors with different mechanisms of action. (ox.ac.uk)
Finally, two cell-permeant antagonists of the cyclic ADP-ribose binding site on ryanodine receptors also were able to block the induction of LTD. These results support a cascade for induction of homosynaptic, NO-dependent LTD involving activation of guanylyl cyclase, production of guanosine 3',5' cyclic monophosphate and subsequent PKG activation. (ox.ac.uk)
Also, immunocytochemical analysis revealed that A23187-treated cells expressing nNOS-α produced more 8-nitroguanosine 3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate, a second messenger in NO/ROS redox signaling, than did the cells expressing nNOS-µ. (portlandpress.com)

We show here that K-Ras is a substrate for cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinases (PKGs). (asm.org)
The authors review what is known about the deleterious effects of sickling on the genitourinary tract and how the role of cyclic nucleotides signaling and protein kinases may help understand the pathophysiology underlying these manifestations and develop novel therapies in the setting of urogenital disorders in sickle cell disease. (hindawi.com)
This paper focuses on how previous, sometimes poorly explained, clinical observations of urogenital disorders in patients with SCD relate to more recent discoveries on the role of cyclic nucleotides and protein kinases in the pathophysiology of sickle vaso-occlusion. (hindawi.com)

The inhibition of nitric oxide production, as well as the blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, has been reported to prevent the induction of hippocampal long-term potentiation and learning and memory formation in vivo, although the effects of inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase are still controversial. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
22 The activation of ET B receptors stimulates the release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin and prevents apoptosis. (ahajournals.org)

K-Ras phosphorylation by PKG2 is triggered by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and requires endothelial nitric oxide synthase and soluble guanylyl cyclase. (asm.org)
Membrane association of nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase in cardiomyocytes. (semanticscholar.org)
The NO receptor nitric oxide-sensitive guanylyl cyclase (NOsGC) is present in the brain in two functional subunit compositions: α 1 β 1 and α 2 β 1 . (jneurosci.org)

A number of studies have demonstrated that estradiol can stimulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and activity, resulting in enhanced nitric oxide (NO) generation. (elsevier.com)
17β-Estradiol markedly increased cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels, nitric oxide (NO) release, vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein (VASP) phosphorylation, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression. (elsevier.com)

These results indicate that chronic exposure to aluminum impairs glutamate-induced activation of nitric oxide synthase and nitric oxide-induced activation of guanylate cyclase. (elsevier.com)

less thanbrgreater than less thanbrgreater thanIn the smooth muscle portion of the transition zone, immunosignals specific for the PDE5 were found co-localized with cyclic GMP, cGKI alpha, and cGKI, as well as with the cyclic cAMP-binding protein kinase A. Smooth muscle bundles were seen innervated by slender varicose nerves characterized by the expression of nNOS. (diva-portal.org)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) and Mott-Schottky (M-S) methods were used to determine the density and mobility of charge carriers in the passive oxide layer to understand the nature of the surface oxides and how these affect the corrosion resistance of C22 nickel alloy covered by alkaline water. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)
Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) study of a fully-modeled 3D solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). (comsol.com)

abstract = 'AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: We investigated the direct effect of a nitric oxide donor (spermine NONOate) on glucose transport in isolated human skeletal muscle and L6 skeletal muscle cells. (ku.dk)
abstract = "Guerrero JM, Reiter RJ, Poeggeler B, Chen L‐D, Tan D‐X. Elevation of cyclic GMP levels in the rat pineal gland induced by nitric oxide. (uthscsa.edu)
Graphical abstract: Magnetically recyclable Fe{sub 2.25}W{sub 0.75}O{sub 4}/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic property Display Omitted - Highlights: ●Fe{sub 2.25}W{sub 0.75}O{sub 4} growth, deposition and GO reduction occurred simultaneously. (osti.gov)

6 h) and concentration-dependent manner (half-maximal effect at 1 n M ). Stimulation of cyclic GMP formation by the calcium ionophore A23187 is similarly enhanced. (wiley.com)
For example, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) produces carbon dioxide and calcium oxide (CaO). (britannica.com)

Concordantly, chronic pharmacological activation of AMPK → PKG2 signaling with mitochondrial inhibitors, nitric oxide, or sildenafil inhibits proliferation of K-Ras-positive non-small cell lung cancer cells. (asm.org)
Ongoing clinical trials with nitric oxide synthase inhibitors and nitric oxide scavengers are examining the effects of these agents in septic shock, hypotension with dialysis, inflammatory disorders, cancer therapy, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
The nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, N(G)- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and 7-nitro indazole, as well as dizocilpine, a non competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist, dose-dependently impaired spatial working memory in mice, assessed by their spontaneous alternation behavior in a Y-maze. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)

It is concluded that trazodone behaves as a potent full agonist at the 5-HT 2C receptor mediating inhibition of the cerebellar N-methyl- d -aspartate/nitric oxide/cyclic GMP system. (aspetjournals.org)
Treatment of pancreatic islets with interleukin 1 (IL-1) results in a time-dependent inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion which has recently been demonstrated to be dependent on the metabolism of L-arginine to nitric oxide. (biochemj.org)
Inhibition of islet glucose oxidation appears to be mediated by nitric oxide since both NMMA and cycloheximide prevent IL-1 beta-induced inhibition of glucose oxidation. (biochemj.org)

Nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivity (NOS-LI IR) was detected by immunohistochemistry in ventral light organs of the mesopelagic fish, Argyropelecus hemigymnus . (biologists.org)
It is hypothesized that the very variable capacity of photophores to produce and maintain the luminescence evoked by adrenaline is correlated to a large variability in endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in the isolated photophores. (biologists.org)
Nitric oxide (NO) derived from inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in cell apoptosis, which contributes to luteal regression and luteolysis in some species. (koreascience.or.kr)
2002. Expression patterns of endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase isoforms in corpora lutea of pseudopregnant rabbits at different luteal stages. (koreascience.or.kr)
2004. Expression patterns of cytokines, p53 and nitric oxide synthase isoenzymes in corpora lutea of pseudopregnant rabbits during spontaneous luteolysis. (koreascience.or.kr)
1999. Activity of ovarian nitric oxide synthase (NOS) during ovulatory process in the Rat: Relationship with prostaglandins (PGs) Production. (koreascience.or.kr)
Lungs were allowed to equilibrate for a period of 30 min without treatment (control group) or with one of the following agents: the exogenous NO donor spermine NONOate, the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), 8-BrcGMP, the Ca2- ionophore ionomycin, or the endothelial injurious agent protamine. (biomedsearch.com)
Long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission can be induced by several mechanisms, one thought to involve Ca2+-dependent activation of postsynaptic nitric oxide (NO) synthase and subsequent diffusion of NO to the presynaptic terminal. (ox.ac.uk)
Background- Although, endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) is believed to antagonize vascular remodeling induced by the angiotensin II (AngII) type-1 receptor, the exact signaling mechanism remains unclear. (ahajournals.org)
1994. Expression of nitric oxide synthase in rat glomerular mesangial cells mediated by cyclic AMP. (springer.com)
1994. Two distinct signaling pathways trigger the expression of nitric oxide synthase in rat renal mesangial cells. (springer.com)

Cyclic stretch significantly increased cytosolic oxidative stress as compared to static cells (62.9 ± 5.9% vs. 33.3 ± 5.7% maximal oxidation), as measured by the intracellular redox sensor roGFP. (elsevier.com)
The chlorhydrin process for making ethylene oxide has been replaced commercially by the direct oxidation of ethylene gas. (encyclopedia.com)
Some of these reactions result in the oxidation of nitric oxide to nitrite and nitrate to terminate the effect, while other reactions can lead to altered protein structure function and/or catalytic capacity. (biomedcentral.com)
A Biomimetic Route to Lignin Model Compounds via Silver (I) Oxide Oxidation. (degruyter.com)

This process has an additional requirement for release of Ca2+ from ryanodine-sensitive stores, perhaps dependent on the second-messenger cyclic ADP ribose. (ox.ac.uk)

Ethylene oxide (ETH-ih-leen OK-side) is a flammable, colorless gas with the odor of ether. (encyclopedia.com)
Ethylene oxide was first prepared in 1859 by French chemist Charles Adolphe Wurtz (1817-1884). (encyclopedia.com)
Ethylene oxide is a very unstable compound that catches fire or explodes readily and must be handled with the greatest care. (encyclopedia.com)
The largest single use of ethylene oxide is in the manufacture of ethylene glycol (CH 2 OHCH 2 OH), which itself is used as an antifreeze and raw material for the production of plastics. (encyclopedia.com)
About 60 percent of all the ethylene oxide produced is used for this purpose. (encyclopedia.com)
Ethylene oxide also has a number of other important industrial uses, although the quantity used for such purposes is small compared to the uses mentioned above. (encyclopedia.com)
Ethylene oxide is also used as a fumigant, which is a gas used to kill insects and other pests. (encyclopedia.com)
A number of industrial accidents have been caused during the preparation, transportation, storage, and use of ethylene oxide. (encyclopedia.com)
In 2004, some 3.77 million metric tons (4.15 million short tons) of ethylene oxide were produced in the United States. (encyclopedia.com)
A number of health hazards are associated with exposure to ethylene oxide. (encyclopedia.com)
Ethylene oxide is believed to be responsible for spontaneous abortions, genetic damage, and the development of some types of cancer, primarily cancer of the blood (leukemia). (encyclopedia.com)
The Getinge Assured Tape (Ethylene Oxide) is designed for use in ethylene oxide (EO) sterilizers operating at 600 mg/l EO gas, 40-60% Relative Humidity, 54Â°C for 45 minutes or longer. (tradeindia.com)
We are manufacturing and supplying Ethylene Oxide Gas Cartridges (100% ETO Cartridges).Special Features:High effectiveness as a bactericide, fungicide. (tradeindia.com)
With utmost focus to offer the best, we are affianced to manufacture, export and supply Ethylene Oxide Condensates to our valuable clients. (tradeindia.com)
Ethylene Oxide Gas Cartridge The provided Ethylene Oxide Gas Cartridge is effectively ideal for all kinds and brands of ETO sterilization systems. (tradeindia.com)

Enantioselective addition of cyclic enol silyl ethers to 2-alkenoyl-pyridine-N-oxides catalysed by Cu(II)-bis(oxazoline) complexes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Asymmetric reactions involving (E)-3-aryl-1-(pyridin-2-yl-N-oxide)prop-2-en-1-ones and cyclic enol silyl ethers show good yields and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99.9 % ee) when catalysed by bis(oxazoline)-Cu(II) complexes. (sigmaaldrich.com)

The formation of cyclic GMP induced by S- nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine was not affected. (elsevier.com)

Cyclic GMP levels in the cerebellum were reduced by treatment with dizocilpine. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and 7-nitro indazole reduced cyclic GMP levels in the cerebral cortex/hippocampus and cerebellum, and the suppressive effect of N(G)- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester on cyclic GMP levels in the cerebral cortex/hippocampus was reversed by co-treatment with L-arginine. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)

Cyclic GMP, in turn, can activate cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) and can cause smooth muscles and blood vessels to relax, decrease platelet aggregation, alter neuron function, etc. (biomedcentral.com)
Because L‐arginine failed to activate cyclic GMP production, results suggest that NO is not produced in the pineal gland, but behaves as a potent regulator of this cyclic nucleotide. (uthscsa.edu)

The list of effects of nitric oxide that are independent of cyclic GMP formation is also growing at a rapid rate. (biomedcentral.com)
These diverse effects of nitric oxide that are cyclic GMP dependent or independent can alter and regulate numerous important physiological events in cell regulation and function. (biomedcentral.com)
The lecture will discuss our discovery of the first biological effects of nitric oxide and how the field has evolved since our original reports in 1977. (biomedcentral.com)
2003. Dual effects of nitric oxide on meiotic maturation of mouse cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes in vitro. (koreascience.or.kr)

In the pulmonary vasculature, mechanical forces such as cyclic stretch induce changes in vascular signaling, tone and remodeling. (elsevier.com)
Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent endogenous vasodilator and has shown to inhibit key processes of atherosclerosis like monocyte adhesion, platelet aggregation, and vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Cyclic nucleotides have been thought of as second messengers in various tissues, including platelets and vascular smooth muscle cells. (ahajournals.org)

Some of the methods to regulate either nitric oxide formation metabolism, or function have been in clinical use for more than a century, as with the use of organic nitrates and nitroglycerin in angina pectoris that was initiated in the 1870s. (biomedcentral.com)
Current and future research will undoubtedly expand the clinician's therapeutic armamentarium to manage a number of important diseases by perturbing nitric oxide formation and metabolism. (biomedcentral.com)

The inhibitory effects of both N(G)- nitro-L-arginine methyl ester and dizocilpine on their behavior were completely reversed by 8-bromo-cyclic GMP. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
Cyclic AMP levels in the brain were not affected by treatment with either dizocilpine, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, or 7-nitro indazole. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)

The effects of cyclic nucleotides to suppress PKG-Iα promoter activity were attenuated by a specific cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor. (elsevier.com)

Xanthine oxidase (XOD) extracted from bovine milk was immobilized covalently via N -ethyl- N ′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC) and N -hydroxy succinimide (NHS) chemistry onto cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO)/carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (c-MWCNT) composite film electrodeposited on the surface of an Au electrode. (rsc.org)
Thus, it can be suggested that a stable proportion of Ni(II)/Ni(III) oxides-hydroxides was obtained on the electrode surfaces. (scirp.org)
After the first announcement of commercialization of tin dioxide (SnO 2 ) as a negative electrode of lithium-ion batteries, this transition metal oxide anode has received much concern. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Nickel and nickel oxide nanoparticles have been synthesized by green routes and characterized for impact of green chemistry on the properties and biological effects of nanoparticles in the last five years. (hindawi.com)

Such promise and expectations have obviously fueled the interests in nitric oxide research for a growing list of potential therapeutic applications. (biomedcentral.com)
There have been and will continue to be many opportunities from nitric oxide and cyclic GMP march to develop novel and important therapeutic agents. (biomedcentral.com)

Iron-nitrosyl complex-formation by islets confirms that IL-1 beta induces the generation of nitric oxide by islets, and provides evidence indicating that nitric oxide mediates destruction of iron-sulphur clusters of iron-containing enzymes. (biochemj.org)
These results also suggest that nitric oxide mediates IL-1 beta-induced inhibitory effects on the pancreatic beta-cell by functioning as an effector molecule responsible for the destruction of iron-sulphur centres of iron-containing proteins, resulting in an impairment of mitochondrial function. (biochemj.org)
Nitric oxide (NO), a free-radical gas produced by many cell types, mediates blood vessel relaxation, functions as a neurotransmitter in the central and peripheral nervous system mediates macrophage cytotoxicity during host defence and leads to tissue injury in some inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. (springer.com)

Hence, the significance of the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic GMP signaling in the control of the human prostate requires further clarification. (diva-portal.org)
Identification of the signaling pathways that regulate cyclic nucleotide microdomains is essential to our understanding of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology. (ox.ac.uk)
This has profound consequences for the regulation of local cyclic nucleotide and hence cardiac β-adrenergic signaling. (ox.ac.uk)
The role of nitric oxide in cellular signaling in the past three decades has become one of the most rapidly growing areas in biology. (biomedcentral.com)

Anatomy26

Organisms12

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs139

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment22

Phenomena and Processes42

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science1

Health Care3

Identification and quantification of cocaine N-oxide: a thermally labile metabolite of cocaine. (1/1205)

Localization and environment of tryptophans in soluble and membrane-bound states of a pore-forming toxin from Staphylococcus aureus. (2/1205)

Antioxidative activity of 4-oxy- and 4-hydroxy-nitroxides in tissues and erythrocytes from rats. (3/1205)

Cycloheximide and 4-OH-TEMPO suppress chloramphenicol-induced apoptosis in RL-34 cells via the suppression of the formation of megamitochondria. (4/1205)

EPR spin trapping and 2-deoxyribose degradation studies of the effect of pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) on *OH formation by the Fenton reaction. (5/1205)

Surface exposure of the methionine side chains of calmodulin in solution. A nitroxide spin label and two-dimensional NMR study. (6/1205)

Re-design of Rhodobacter sphaeroides dimethyl sulfoxide reductase. Enhancement of adenosine N1-oxide reductase activity. (7/1205)

Amyloid beta peptides do not form peptide-derived free radicals spontaneously, but can enhance metal-catalyzed oxidation of hydroxylamines to nitroxides. (8/1205)

Nitric Oxide Synthase

Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II

Oxides

Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I

Nitrogen Oxides

Zinc Oxide

NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester

Nitrites

Arginine

omega-N-Methylarginine

Enzyme Inhibitors

Nitrates

Amino Acid Oxidoreductases

S-Nitroso-N-Acetylpenicillamine

Cyclic GMP

Nitroprusside

Penicillamine

Nitroso Compounds

Endothelium, Vascular

Ferrosoferric Oxide

Magnesium Oxide

Vasodilation

Molsidomine

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Guanylate Cyclase

Ferric Compounds

S-Nitrosoglutathione

Vasodilator Agents

Aluminum Oxide

Citrulline

Cells, Cultured

Rats, Wistar

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

S-Nitrosothiols

Deuterium Oxide

Biopterin

Magnetite Nanoparticles

Lipopolysaccharides

NADPH Dehydrogenase

Enzyme Induction

Peroxynitrous Acid

Indazoles

4-Hydroxyaminoquinoline-1-oxide

Neonatal Nursing

Oxadiazoles

Exhalation

Macrophages

Acetylcholine

Blood Pressure

Free Radical Scavengers

Breath Tests

Guanidines

RNA, Messenger

Administration, Inhalation

Oxidation-Reduction

Oxygen

Mice, Inbred C57BL

Time Factors

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Pentagastrin

Oxidative Stress

Signal Transduction

Aorta

Triazenes

Muscle Relaxation

Anabaena

Hydrazines

Graphite

Muscle, Smooth, Vascular

Regional Blood Flow

Mice, Knockout

Epoxy Compounds

Reactive Oxygen Species

Chronotherapy

Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Interferon-gamma

Blotting, Western

Endothelial Cells